1
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Campbell JR, Michael Battaglia, Dingilian KK, Cesler-Maloney M, Simpson WR, Robinson ES, DeCarlo PF, Temime-Roussel B, D'Anna B, Holen AL, Wu J, Pratt KA, Dibb JE, Nenes A, Weber RJ, Mao J. Enhanced aqueous formation and neutralization of fine atmospheric particles driven by extreme cold. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eado4373. [PMID: 39231233 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ado4373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
The prevailing view for aqueous secondary aerosol formation is that it occurs in clouds and fogs, owing to the large liquid water content compared to minute levels in fine particles. Our research indicates that this view may need reevaluation due to enhancements in aqueous reactions in highly concentrated small particles. Here, we show that low temperature can play a role through a unique effect on particle pH that can substantially modulate secondary aerosol formation. Marked increases in hydroxymethanesulfonate observed under extreme cold in Fairbanks, Alaska, demonstrate the effect. These findings provide insight on aqueous chemistry in fine particles under cold conditions expanding possible regions of secondary aerosol formation that are pH dependent beyond conditions of high liquid water.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Campbell
- Geophysical Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | - Michael Battaglia
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Kayane K Dingilian
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Meeta Cesler-Maloney
- Geophysical Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | - William R Simpson
- Geophysical Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | - Ellis S Robinson
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Peter F DeCarlo
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | | | | | - Andrew L Holen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Judy Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kerri A Pratt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jack E Dibb
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Athanasios Nenes
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Processes and their Impacts, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
- Center for the Study of Air Quality and Climate Change, Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Rodney J Weber
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Jingqiu Mao
- Geophysical Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
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2
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Dingilian K, Hebert E, Battaglia M, Campbell JR, Cesler-Maloney M, Simpson W, St. Clair JM, Dibb J, Temime-Roussel B, D’Anna B, Moon A, Alexander B, Yang Y, Nenes A, Mao J, Weber RJ. Hydroxymethanesulfonate and Sulfur(IV) in Fairbanks Winter During the ALPACA Study. ACS ES&T AIR 2024; 1:646-659. [PMID: 39021670 PMCID: PMC11250035 DOI: 10.1021/acsestair.4c00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Hydroxymethanesulfonate (HMS) in fine aerosol particles has been reported at significant concentrations along with sulfate under extreme cold conditions (-35 °C) in Fairbanks, Alaska, a high latitude city. HMS, a component of S(IV) and an adduct of formaldehyde and sulfur dioxide, forms in liquid water. Previous studies may have overestimated HMS concentrations by grouping it with other S(IV) species. In this work, we further investigate HMS and the speciation of S(IV) through the Alaskan Layered Pollution and Chemical Analysis (ALPACA) intensive study in Fairbanks. We developed a method utilizing hydrogen peroxide to isolate HMS and found that approximately 50% of S(IV) is HMS for total suspended particulates and 70% for PM2.5. The remaining unidentified S(IV) species are closely linked to HMS during cold polluted periods, showing strong increases in concentration relative to sulfate with decreasing temperature, a weak dependence on particle water, and similar particle size distributions, suggesting a common aqueous formation process. A portion of the unidentified S(IV) may originate from additional aldehyde-S(IV) adducts that are unstable in the water-based chemical analysis process, but further chemical characterization is needed. These results show the importance of organic S(IV) species in extreme cold environments that promote unique aqueous chemistry in supercooled liquid particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayane Dingilian
- School
of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Elliana Hebert
- School
of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Michael Battaglia
- School
of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - James R. Campbell
- Geophysical
Institute and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775, United States
| | - Meeta Cesler-Maloney
- Geophysical
Institute and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775, United States
| | - William Simpson
- Geophysical
Institute and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775, United States
| | - Jason M. St. Clair
- Atmospheric
Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA
Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, United States
- Joint
Center for Earth Systems Technology, University
of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21228, United States
| | - Jack Dibb
- Institute
for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, United States
| | | | | | - Allison Moon
- Department
of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Becky Alexander
- Department
of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Yuhan Yang
- School
of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Athanasios Nenes
- School
of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Processes and their Impacts, School of Architecture,
Civil and Environmental Engineering, École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
- Center
for the Study of Air Quality and Climate Change, Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research
and Technology Hellas, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Jingqiu Mao
- Geophysical
Institute and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775, United States
| | - Rodney J. Weber
- School
of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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3
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Horník Š, Pokorná P, Vodička P, Lhotka R, Sýkora J, Arora S, Poulain L, Herrmann H, Schwarz J, Ždímal V. Positive matrix factorization of seasonally resolved organic aerosol at three different central European background sites based on nuclear magnetic resonance Aerosolomics data. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 916:170303. [PMID: 38272092 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Concentration data derived from 1H NMR analysis of the water-soluble organic compounds from fine aerosol (PM2.5) at three Central European background stations, Košetice, Frýdlant (both in the Czech Republic), and Melpitz (Germany), were used for detailed source apportionment analysis. Two winter and two summer episodes (year 2021) with higher organic concentrations and similar wind directions were selected for NMR analyses. The concentration profiles of 61 water-soluble organic compounds were determined by NMR Aerosolomics and a principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on this dataset. Based on the PCA results, 23 compounds were selected for positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis in order to identify dominant aerosol sources at rural background sites in Central Europe. Both the PCA and the subsequent PMF analyses clearly distinguished the characteristics of winter and summer aerosol particles. In summer, four factors were identified from PMF and were associated with biogenic aerosol (61-78 %), background aerosol (9-15 %), industrial biomass combustion (7-13 %), and residential heating (5-13 %). In winter, only 3 factors were identified - industrial biomass combustion (33-49 %), residential heating (37-45 %) and a background aerosol (8-30 %). The main difference was observed in the winter season with a stronger contribution of emissions from industrial biomass burning at the Czech stations Košetice and Frýdlant (47-49 %) compared to the Melpitz station (33 %). However, in general, there were negligible differences in identified sources between stations in the given seasons, indicating a certain homogeneity in PM2.5 composition within Central Europe at least during the sampling periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Štěpán Horník
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 1/135, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Petra Pokorná
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 1/135, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Vodička
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 1/135, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Lhotka
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 1/135, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Sýkora
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Shubhi Arora
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung e.V. (TROPOS), Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Laurent Poulain
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung e.V. (TROPOS), Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung e.V. (TROPOS), Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jaroslav Schwarz
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 1/135, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Ždímal
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 1/135, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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4
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Moon A, Jongebloed U, Dingilian KK, Schauer AJ, Chan YC, Cesler-Maloney M, Simpson WR, Weber RJ, Tsiang L, Yazbeck F, Zhai S, Wedum A, Turner AJ, Albertin S, Bekki S, Savarino J, Gribanov K, Pratt KA, Costa EJ, Anastasio C, Sunday MO, Heinlein LMD, Mao J, Alexander B. Primary Sulfate Is the Dominant Source of Particulate Sulfate during Winter in Fairbanks, Alaska. ACS ES&T AIR 2024; 1:139-149. [PMID: 39166537 PMCID: PMC10928653 DOI: 10.1021/acsestair.3c00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Within and surrounding high-latitude cities, poor air quality disturbs Arctic ecosystems, influences the climate, and harms human health. The Fairbanks North Star Borough has wintertime particulate matter (PM) concentrations that exceed the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) threshold for public health. Particulate sulfate (SO4 2-) is the most abundant inorganic species and contributes approximately 20% of the total PM mass in Fairbanks, but air quality models underestimate observed sulfate concentrations. Here we quantify sulfate sources using size-resolved δ34S(SO4 2-), δ18O(SO4 2-), and Δ17O(SO4 2-) of particulate sulfate in Fairbanks from January 18th to February 25th, 2022 using a Bayesian isotope mixing model. Primary sulfate contributes 62 ± 12% of the total sulfate mass on average. Most primary sulfate is found in the size bin with a particle diameter < 0.7 μm, which contains 90 ±5% of total sulfate mass and poses the greatest risk to human health. Oxidation by all secondary formation pathways combined contributes 38 ± 12% of total sulfate mass on average, indicating that secondary sulfate formation is inefficient in this cold, dark environment. On average, the dominant secondary sulfate formation pathways are oxidation by H2O2 (13 ± 6%), O3 (8 ± 4%), and NO2 (8 ± 3%). These findings will inform mitigation strategies to improve air quality and public health in Fairbanks and possibly other high-latitude urban areas during winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Moon
- Department
of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Ursula Jongebloed
- Department
of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Kayane K. Dingilian
- School
of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Andrew J. Schauer
- Department
of Earth and Space Sciences, University
of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Yuk-Chun Chan
- Department
of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Meeta Cesler-Maloney
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775-6160, United States
| | - William R. Simpson
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775-6160, United States
| | - Rodney J. Weber
- School
of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Ling Tsiang
- Department
of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Fouad Yazbeck
- Department
of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Shuting Zhai
- Department
of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Alanna Wedum
- Department
of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Alexander J. Turner
- Department
of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Sarah Albertin
- IGE,
Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Grenoble INP, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Slimane Bekki
- LATMOS/IPSL, Sorbonne Université, UVSQ, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Joël Savarino
- IGE,
Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Grenoble INP, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Konstantin Gribanov
- Climate
and Environment Physics Laboratory, Ural
Federal University, 620002, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Kerri A. Pratt
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Emily J. Costa
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Cort Anastasio
- Department
of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University
of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Michael O. Sunday
- Department
of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University
of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Laura M. D. Heinlein
- Department
of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University
of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Jingqiu Mao
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775-6160, United States
| | - Becky Alexander
- Department
of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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5
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Xu N, Hu M, Li X, Song K, Qiu Y, Sun HX, Wang Y, Zeng L, Li M, Wang H, Hu S, Zong T, Bai Y, Zhang Z, Li S, Shuai S, Chen Y, Guo S. Resolving Ultraviolet-Visible Spectra for Complex Dissolved Mixtures of Multitudinous Organic Matters in Aerosols. Anal Chem 2024; 96:1834-1842. [PMID: 38266381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Light-absorbing organic aerosols, referred to as brown carbon (BrC), play a vital role in the global climate and air quality. Due to the complexity of BrC chromophores, the identified absorbing substances in the ambient atmosphere are very limited. However, without comprehensive knowledge of the complex absorbing compounds in BrC, our understanding of its sources, formation, and evolution mechanisms remains superficial, leading to great uncertainty in climatic and atmospheric models. To address this gap, we developed a constrained non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) model to resolve the individual ultraviolet-visible spectrum for each substance in dissolved organic aerosols, with the power of ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-DAD-UHRMS). The resolved spectra were validated by selected standard substances and validation samples. Approximately 40,000 light-absorbing substances were recognized at the MS1 level. It turns out that BrC is composed of a vast number of substances rather than a few prominent chromophores in the urban atmosphere. Previous understanding of the absorbing feature of BrC based on a few identified compounds could be biased. Weak-absorbing substances missed previously play an important role in BrC absorption when they are integrated due to their overwhelming number. This model brings the property exploration of complex dissolved organic mixtures to a molecular level, laying a foundation for identifying potentially significant compositions and obtaining a comprehensive chemical picture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Min Hu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiao Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Kai Song
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yanting Qiu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hao Xuan Sun
- Center for Data Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yujue Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Linghan Zeng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Mengren Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shuya Hu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Taomou Zong
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yao Bai
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuangde Li
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shijin Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yunfa Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Song Guo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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6
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Wang H, Li J, Wu T, Ma T, Wei L, Zhang H, Yang X, Munger JW, Duan FK, Zhang Y, Feng Y, Zhang Q, Sun Y, Fu P, McElroy MB, Song S. Model Simulations and Predictions of Hydroxymethanesulfonate (HMS) in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, China: Roles of Aqueous Aerosols and Atmospheric Acidity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:1589-1600. [PMID: 38154035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxymethanesulfonate (HMS) has been found to be an abundant organosulfur aerosol compound in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region with a measured maximum daily mean concentration of up to 10 μg per cubic meter in winter. However, the production medium of HMS in aerosols is controversial, and it is unknown whether chemical transport models are able to capture the variations of HMS during individual haze events. In this work, we modify the parametrization of HMS chemistry in the nested-grid GEOS-Chem chemical transport model, whose simulations provide a good account of the field measurements during winter haze episodes. We find the contribution of the aqueous aerosol pathway to total HMS is about 36% in winter in Beijing, due primarily to the enhancement effect of the ionic strength on the rate constants of the reaction between dissolved formaldehyde and sulfite. Our simulations suggest that the HMS-to-inorganic sulfate ratio will increase from the baseline of 7% to 13% in the near future, given the ambitious clean air and climate mitigation policies for the BTH region. The more rapid reductions in emissions of SO2 and NOx compared to NH3 alter the atmospheric acidity, which is a critical factor leading to the rising importance of HMS in particulate sulfur species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoqi Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jiacheng Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Ting Wu
- State Key Laboratory on Odor Pollution Control, Tianjin Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Tao Ma
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lianfang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hailiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xi Yang
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - J William Munger
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Feng-Kui Duan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yufen Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yinchang Feng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yele Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Michael B McElroy
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Shaojie Song
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300350, China
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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7
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Chen Q, Shi G, Revell LE, Zhang J, Zuo C, Wang D, Le Ru EC, Wu G, Mitrano DM. Long-range atmospheric transport of microplastics across the southern hemisphere. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7898. [PMID: 38036501 PMCID: PMC10689495 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43695-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Airborne microplastics (MPs) can undergo long range transport to remote regions. Yet there is a large knowledge gap regarding the occurrence and burden of MPs in the marine boundary layer, which hampers comprehensive modelling of their global atmospheric transport. In particular, the transport efficiency of MPs with different sizes and morphologies remains uncertain. Here we show a hemispheric-scale analysis of airborne MPs along a cruise path from the mid-Northern Hemisphere to Antarctica. We present the inaugural measurements of MPs concentrations over the Southern Ocean and interior Antarctica and find that MPs fibers are transported more efficiently than MPs fragments along the transect, with the transport dynamics of MPs generally similar to those of non-plastic particles. Morphology is found to be the dominant factor influencing the hemispheric transport of MPs to remote Antarctic regions. This study underlines the importance of long-range atmospheric transport in MPs cycling dynamics in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Guitao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Laura E Revell
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Jun Zhang
- NYU-ECNU Physics and Mathematics Research Institutes, New York University Shanghai, Shanghai, 200062, China
- Department of Physics, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Chencheng Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Danhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Eric C Le Ru
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - Guangmei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Denise M Mitrano
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
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8
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Chen C, Zhang Z, Wei L, Qiu Y, Xu W, Song S, Sun J, Li Z, Chen Y, Ma N, Xu W, Pan X, Fu P, Sun Y. The importance of hydroxymethanesulfonate (HMS) in winter haze episodes in North China Plain. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 211:113093. [PMID: 35292245 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxymethanesulfonate (HMS), a key marker species of aqueous-phase processing, plays a significant role in sulfur budget in atmosphere. Here we have a comprehensive characterization of HMS at urban and rural sites in North China Plain (NCP) by using the real-time measurements from a high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) and a single-particle AMS together with offline filter analysis. Our results showed much higher winter concentration of HMS at the rural site (average±1σ: 2.58 ± 2.56 μg m-3) than that (1.70 ± 2.68 μg m-3) in Beijing due to the more frequent fog events, low particle acidity and high concentration of precursors. The HMS on average contributed 6.3% and 5.2% to organic aerosol (OA), and 16% and 12% to the total particulate sulfur, at the rural and urban sites, respectively. HMS was highly correlated with aqueous-phase secondary OA and sulfate, and its contribution to the total particulate sulfur increased significantly as a function of relative humidity demonstrating the effective HMS production from aqueous-phase processing. Single-particle analysis showed that HMS-containing particles were mainly mixed with amine-related compounds. In addition, we found that organosulfur compounds (OS) estimated from sulfur-containing fragments of AMS correlated well with HMS at both urban and rural sites. While OS at the rural site was dominated by HMS, other types of OS were also important in urban area. The high HMS also affected the estimation of particle acidity using the AMS measured and predicted ammonium, particularly during severe haze episodes. Overall, our results demonstrated the importance of HMS in winter in NCP, and it could be more important in total particulate sulfur budget as the continuous decrease in sulfate in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lianfang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yanmei Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Weiqi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shaojie Song
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Jiaxing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yunle Chen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Nan Ma
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Wanyun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaole Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yele Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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9
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Peng C, Malek KA, Rastogi D, Zhang Y, Wang W, Ding X, Asa-Awuku AA, Wang X, Tang M. Hygroscopicity and cloud condensation nucleation activities of hydroxyalkylsulfonates. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 830:154767. [PMID: 35346709 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyalkylsulfonates may contribute significantly to atmospheric particles; however, their hygroscopic properties and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activities remain unknown. In this study, three complementary techniques were utilized to examine the hygroscopicity of sodium hydroxymethanesulfonate (NaHMS), sodium 2-hydroxyethylsulfonate (NaHES), and ammonium 2-hydroxyethylsulfonate (NH4HES) under subsaturated and supersaturated environments. The mass changes in the three hydroxyalkylsulfonates at different relative humidities at 25 °C were examined by a vapor sorption analyzer, and the mass growth factors were measured to be 3.25 ± 0.01 for NaHMS, 3.32 ± 0.02 for NaHES, and 3.34 ± 0.04 for NH4HES at 90% RH. Their hygroscopic growth was investigated by a humidity tandem differential mobility analyzer, and hygroscopic growth factors were 1.78 ± 0.02 for NaHMS, 1.71 ± 0.02 for NaHES, and 1.68 ± 0.03 for NH4HES at 90% RH. Furthermore, the CCN activities of NaHMS, NaHES, and NH4HES were explored, and their single hygroscopicity parameters (κccn) were measured to be 0.649 ± 0.097 for NaHMS, 0.559 ± 0.069 for NaHES, and 0.434 ± 0.073 for NH4HES. In addition, the hygroscopic growth and CCN activities of binary mixtures of ammonium sulfate with one of the three hydroxyalkylsulfonates were also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Kotiba A Malek
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, A. James Clark School of Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Dewansh Rastogi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, A. James Clark School of Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Weigang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Akua A Asa-Awuku
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, A. James Clark School of Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Computer, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Xinming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Mingjin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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10
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Campbell J, Battaglia M, Dingilian K, Cesler-Maloney M, St Clair JM, Hanisco TF, Robinson E, DeCarlo P, Simpson W, Nenes A, Weber RJ, Mao J. Source and Chemistry of Hydroxymethanesulfonate (HMS) in Fairbanks, Alaska. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:7657-7667. [PMID: 35544773 PMCID: PMC9227704 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fairbanks, Alaska, is a subarctic city with fine particle (PM2.5) concentrations that exceed air quality regulations in winter due to weak dispersion caused by strong atmospheric inversions, local emissions, and the unique chemistry occurring under the cold and dark conditions. Here, we report on observations from the winters of 2020 and 2021, motivated by our pilot study that showed exceptionally high concentrations of fine particle hydroxymethanesulfonate (HMS) or related sulfur(IV) species (e.g., sulfite and bisulfite). We deployed online particle-into-liquid sampler-ion chromatography (PILS-IC) in conjunction with a suite of instruments to determine HMS precursors (HCHO, SO2) and aerosol composition in general, with the goal to characterize the sources and sinks of HMS in wintertime Fairbanks. PM2.5 HMS comprised a significant fraction of PM2.5 sulfur (26-41%) and overall PM2.5 mass concentration of 2.8-6.8% during pollution episodes, substantially higher than what has been observed in other regions, likely due to the exceptionally low temperatures. HMS peaked in January, with lower concentrations in December and February, resulting from changes in precursors and meteorological conditions. Strong correlations with inorganic sulfate and organic mass during pollution events suggest that HMS is linked to processes responsible for poor air quality episodes. These findings demonstrate unique aspects of air pollution formation in cold and humid atmospheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- James
R. Campbell
- Geophysical
Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775, United States
| | - Michael Battaglia
- School
of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Kayane Dingilian
- School
of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Meeta Cesler-Maloney
- Geophysical
Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775, United States
| | - Jason M. St Clair
- Atmospheric
Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA
Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, United States
- Joint
Center for Earth Systems Technology, University
of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21228, United States
| | - Thomas F. Hanisco
- Atmospheric
Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA
Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, United States
| | - Ellis Robinson
- Department
of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Peter DeCarlo
- Department
of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - William Simpson
- Geophysical
Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775, United States
| | - Athanasios Nenes
- School
of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Center for
the Study of Air Quality and Climate Change, Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research
and Technology Hellas, Patras 26504, Greece
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Processes and their Impacts, School of Architecture,
Civil and Environmental Engineering, École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Rodney J. Weber
- School
of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Jingqiu Mao
- Geophysical
Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775, United States
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11
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Moch JM, Mickley LJ, Keller CA, Bian H, Lundgren EW, Zhai S, Jacob DJ. Aerosol-Radiation Interactions in China in Winter: Competing Effects of Reduced Shortwave Radiation and Cloud-Snowfall-Albedo Feedbacks Under Rapidly Changing Emissions. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2022; 127:e2021JD035442. [PMID: 35859567 PMCID: PMC9285729 DOI: 10.1029/2021jd035442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Since 2013, Chinese policies have dramatically reduced emissions of particulates and their gas-phase precursors, but the implications of these reductions for aerosol-radiation interactions are unknown. Using a global, coupled chemistry-climate model, we examine how the radiative impacts of Chinese air pollution in the winter months of 2012 and 2013 affect local meteorology and how these changes may, in turn, influence surface concentrations of PM2.5, particulate matter with diameter <2.5 μm. We then investigate how decreasing emissions through 2016 and 2017 alter this impact. We find that absorbing aerosols aloft in winter 2012 and 2013 heat the middle- and lower troposphere by ∼0.5-1 K, reducing cloud liquid water, snowfall, and snow cover. The subsequent decline in surface albedo appears to counteract the ∼15-20 W m-2 decrease in shortwave radiation reaching the surface due to attenuation by aerosols overhead. The net result of this novel cloud-snowfall-albedo feedback in winters 2012-2013 is a slight increase in surface temperature of ∼0.5-1 K in some regions and little change elsewhere. The aerosol heating aloft, however, stabilizes the atmosphere and decreases the seasonal mean planetary boundary layer (PBL) height by ∼50 m. In winter 2016 and 2017, the ∼20% decrease in mean PM2.5 weakens the cloud-snowfall-albedo feedback, though it is still evident in western China, where the feedback again warms the surface by ∼0.5-1 K. Regardless of emissions, we find that aerosol-radiation interactions enhance mean surface PM2.5 pollution by 10%-20% across much of China during all four winters examined, mainly though suppression of PBL heights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M. Moch
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMAUSA
- Department of Earth and Planetary SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Loretta J. Mickley
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Christoph A. Keller
- Global Modeling and Assimilation OfficeNASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
- Universities Space Research AssociationColumbiaMDUSA
| | - Huisheng Bian
- Global Modeling and Assimilation OfficeNASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
- Universities Space Research AssociationColumbiaMDUSA
| | - Elizabeth W. Lundgren
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Shixian Zhai
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Daniel J. Jacob
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMAUSA
- Department of Earth and Planetary SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMAUSA
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12
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Catalytic role of formaldehyde in particulate matter formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2113265119. [PMID: 35101978 PMCID: PMC8833171 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2113265119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Formaldehyde (HCHO), the simplest and most abundant carbonyl in the atmosphere, contributes to particulate matter (PM) formation via two in-cloud processing pathways. First, in a catalytic pathway, HCHO reacts with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to form hydroxymethyl hydroperoxide (HMHP), which rapidly oxidizes dissolved sulfur dioxide (SO2,aq) to sulfate, regenerating HCHO. Second, HCHO reacts with dissolved SO2,aq to form hydroxymethanesulfonate (HMS), which upon oxidation with the hydroxyl radical (OH) forms sulfate and also reforms HCHO. Chemical transport model simulations using rate coefficients from laboratory studies of the reaction rate of HMHP with SO2,aq show that the HMHP pathways reduce the SO2 lifetime by up to a factor of 2 and contribute up to ∼18% of global sulfate. This contribution rises to >50% in isoprene-dominated regions such as the Amazon. Combined with recent results on HMS, this work demonstrates that the one-carbon molecules HMHP and HCHO contribute significantly to global PM, with HCHO playing a crucial catalytic role.
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13
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Sha T, Ma X, Wang J, Tian R, Zhao J, Cao F, Zhang YL. Improvement of inorganic aerosol component in PM 2.5 by constraining aqueous-phase formation of sulfate in cloud with satellite retrievals: WRF-Chem simulations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 804:150229. [PMID: 34798748 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
High concentrations of PM2.5 in China have caused severe visibility degradation and health problems. However, it is still challenging to accurately predict PM2.5 and its chemical components in numerical models. In this study, we compared the inorganic aerosol components of PM2.5 (sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium (SNA)) simulated by the Weather Research and Forecasting model fully coupled with chemistry (WRF-Chem) model with in-situ data in a heavy haze-fog event during November 2018 in Nanjing, China. Comparisons show that the model underestimates sulfate concentrations by 81% and fails to reproduce the significant increase of sulfate from early morning to noon, which corresponds to the timing of fog dissipation that suggests the model underestimates the aqueous-phase formation of sulfate in clouds. In addition, the model overestimates both nitrate and ammonium concentrations by 184% and 57%, respectively. These overestimates contribute to the simulated SNA being 77.2% higher than observed. However, cloud water content is also underestimated which is a pathway for important aqueous-phase reactions. Therefore, we constrained the simulated cloud water content based on the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Liquid Water Path observations. Results show that the simulation with MODIS-corrected cloud water content increases the sulfate by a factor of 3, decreases the Normalized Mean Bias (NMB) by 53.5%, and reproduces its diurnal cycle with the peak concentration occurring at noon. The improved sulfate simulation also improves the simulation of nitrate, which decreases the simulated nitrate bias by 134%. Although the simulated ammonium is still higher than the observations, corrected cloud water content leads to a decrease of the modelled bias in SNA from 77.2% to 14.1%. The strong sensitivity of simulated SNA concentration to the cloud water content provides an explanation for the simulated SNA bias. Hence, uncertainties in cloud water content can contribute to model biases in simulating SNA which are less frequently explored from a process-level perspective and can be reduced by constraining the model with satellite observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Sha
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Rong Tian
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Jianqi Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Fang Cao
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change and Key Laboratory Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education & Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disaster, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yan-Lin Zhang
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change and Key Laboratory Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education & Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disaster, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
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14
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Tilgner A, Schaefer T, Alexander B, Barth M, Collett JL, Fahey KM, Nenes A, Pye HOT, Herrmann H, McNeill VF. Acidity and the multiphase chemistry of atmospheric aqueous particles and clouds. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2021; 21:10.5194/acp-21-13483-2021. [PMID: 34675968 PMCID: PMC8525431 DOI: 10.5194/acp-21-13483-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The acidity of aqueous atmospheric solutions is a key parameter driving both the partitioning of semi-volatile acidic and basic trace gases and their aqueous-phase chemistry. In addition, the acidity of atmospheric aqueous phases, e.g., deliquesced aerosol particles, cloud, and fog droplets, is also dictated by aqueous-phase chemistry. These feedbacks between acidity and chemistry have crucial implications for the tropospheric lifetime of air pollutants, atmospheric composition, deposition to terrestrial and oceanic ecosystems, visibility, climate, and human health. Atmospheric research has made substantial progress in understanding feedbacks between acidity and multiphase chemistry during recent decades. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge on these feedbacks with a focus on aerosol and cloud systems, which involve both inorganic and organic aqueous-phase chemistry. Here, we describe the impacts of acidity on the phase partitioning of acidic and basic gases and buffering phenomena. Next, we review feedbacks of different acidity regimes on key chemical reaction mechanisms and kinetics, as well as uncertainties and chemical subsystems with incomplete information. Finally, we discuss atmospheric implications and highlight the need for future investigations, particularly with respect to reducing emissions of key acid precursors in a changing world, and the need for advancements in field and laboratory measurements and model tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Tilgner
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Thomas Schaefer
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Becky Alexander
- Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Mary Barth
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observation & Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307, USA
| | - Jeffrey L. Collett
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Kathleen M. Fahey
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27711, USA
| | - Athanasios Nenes
- School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
- Institute for Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Havala O. T. Pye
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27711, USA
| | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - V. Faye McNeill
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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