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Ma J, Li X, Song J, Wen L, Liang X, Xu K, Dai J. Distribution patterns of six metals and their influencing factors in M4 seamount seawater of the Western Pacific. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 196:115664. [PMID: 37862843 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Metals are crucial to the stability of marine ecosystems, and it is important to analyze their spatial heterogeneity. This study examined the distribution and influencing factors of six metals such as manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) in M4 seamount of the Western Pacific. The results showed that the factors affecting the distribution of metals are complex. The concentration ranges of Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Cd in the M4 seamount were 0-0.05, 0-0.44, 0-0.0014, 0-0.082, 0.12-0.16, and 0-0.013 μg/L, respectively, roughly equivalent to those of other open seas, however, there were also some differences. Specifically, the distribution of ferromanganese nodules and Co-rich crusts, resulted in a significant increase in the concentration of metals such as Mn, Fe, and Co in the bottom. This study will significantly contribute to our understanding of the spatial heterogeneity of metals in seamount areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Xuegang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jinming Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Lilian Wen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xianmeng Liang
- Joint Laboratory of Ocean Observation and Exploration, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Kuidong Xu
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jiajia Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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Balaguer J, Koch F, Flintrop CM, Völkner C, Iversen MH, Trimborn S. Iron and manganese availability drives primary production and carbon export in the Weddell Sea. Curr Biol 2023; 33:4405-4414.e4. [PMID: 37769661 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.08.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Next to iron (Fe), recent phytoplankton-enrichment experiments identified manganese (Mn) to (co-)limit Southern Ocean phytoplankton biomass and species composition. Since taxonomic diversity affects aggregation time and sinking rate, the efficiency of the biological carbon pump is directly affected by community structure. However, the impact of FeMn co-limitation on Antarctic primary production, community composition, and the subsequent export of carbon to depth requires more investigation. In situ samplings of 6 stations in the understudied southern Weddell Sea revealed that surface Fe and Mn concentrations, primary production, and carbon export rates were all low, suggesting a FeMn co-limited phytoplankton community. An Fe and Mn addition experiment examined how changes in the species composition drive the aggregation capability of a natural phytoplankton community. Primary production rates were highest when Fe and Mn were added together, due to an increased abundance of the colonial prymnesiophyte Phaeocystis antarctica. Although the community remained diatom dominated, the increase in Phaeocystis abundance led to highly carbon-enriched aggregates and a 4-fold increase in the carbon export potential compared to the control, whereas it only doubled in the Fe treatment. Based on the outcome of the FeMn-enrichment experiment, this region may suffer from FeMn co-limitation. As the Weddell Sea represents one of the most productive Antarctic marginal ice zones, our findings highlight that in response to greater Fe and Mn supply, changes in plankton community composition and primary production can have a disproportionally larger effect on the carbon export potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Balaguer
- Marine Botany, University of Bremen, Bremen 28359, Germany; Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven 25570, Germany.
| | - Florian Koch
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven 25570, Germany
| | - Clara M Flintrop
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven 25570, Germany; The Fredy & Nadine Herrmann Institute of Earth Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences, Eilat 88103, Israel
| | - Christian Völkner
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven 25570, Germany
| | - Morten H Iversen
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven 25570, Germany; MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen 28359, Germany
| | - Scarlett Trimborn
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven 25570, Germany
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Tagliabue A, Twining BS, Barrier N, Maury O, Berger M, Bopp L. Ocean iron fertilization may amplify climate change pressures on marine animal biomass for limited climate benefit. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:5250-5260. [PMID: 37409536 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Climate change scenarios suggest that large-scale carbon dioxide removal (CDR) will be required to maintain global warming below 2°C, leading to renewed attention on ocean iron fertilization (OIF). Previous OIF modelling has found that while carbon export increases, nutrient transport to lower latitude ecosystems declines, resulting in a modest impact on atmospheric CO2 . However, the interaction of these CDR responses with ongoing climate change is unknown. Here, we combine global ocean biogeochemistry and ecosystem models to show that, while stimulating carbon sequestration, OIF may amplify climate-induced declines in tropical ocean productivity and ecosystem biomass under a high-emission scenario, with very limited potential atmospheric CO2 drawdown. The 'biogeochemical fingerprint' of climate change, that leads to depletion of upper ocean major nutrients due to upper ocean stratification, is reinforced by OIF due to greater major nutrient consumption. Our simulations show that reductions in upper trophic level animal biomass in tropical regions due to climate change would be exacerbated by OIF within ~20 years, especially in coastal exclusive economic zones (EEZs), with potential implications for fisheries that underpin the livelihoods and economies of coastal communities. Any fertilization-based CDR should therefore consider its interaction with ongoing climate-driven changes and the ensuing ecosystem impacts in national EEZs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicolas Barrier
- MARBEC, IRD, IFREMER, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Maury
- MARBEC, IRD, IFREMER, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Browning TJ, Moore CM. Global analysis of ocean phytoplankton nutrient limitation reveals high prevalence of co-limitation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5014. [PMID: 37591895 PMCID: PMC10435517 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40774-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrient availability limits phytoplankton growth throughout much of the global ocean. Here we synthesize available experimental data to identify three dominant nutrient limitation regimes: nitrogen is limiting in the stratified subtropical gyres and in the summertime Arctic Ocean, iron is most commonly limiting in upwelling regions, and both nutrients are frequently co-limiting in regions in between the nitrogen and iron limited systems. Manganese can be co-limiting with iron in parts of the Southern Ocean, whilst phosphate and cobalt can be co-/serially limiting in some settings. Overall, an analysis of experimental responses showed that phytoplankton net growth can be significantly enhanced through increasing the number of different nutrients supplied, regardless of latitude, temperature, or trophic status, implying surface seawaters are often approaching nutrient co-limitation. Assessments of nutrient deficiency based on seawater nutrient concentrations and nutrient stress diagnosed via molecular biomarkers showed good agreement with experimentally-assessed nutrient limitation, validating conceptual and theoretical links between nutrient stoichiometry and microbial ecophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Browning
- Marine Biogeochemistry Division, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, 24148, Germany.
| | - C Mark Moore
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK.
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Anugerahanti P, Tagliabue A. Process controlling iron-manganese regulation of the Southern Ocean biological carbon pump. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2023; 381:20220065. [PMID: 37150202 PMCID: PMC10164462 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2022.0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is a key limiting nutrient driving the biological carbon pump and is routinely represented in global ocean biogeochemical models. However, in the Southern Ocean, the potential role for other micronutrients has not received the same attention. For example, although manganese (Mn) is essential to photosynthetic oxygen production and combating oxidative stress, it is not included in ocean models and a clear understanding of its interaction with Fe in the region is lacking. This is especially important for the Southern Ocean because both Mn and Fe are strongly depleted. We use a hierarchical modelling approach to explore how the physiological traits associated with Fe and Mn contribute to driving the footprint of micronutrient stress across different phytoplankton functional types (PFTs). We find that PFT responses are driven by physiological traits associated with their physiological requirements and acclimation to environmental conditions. Southern Ocean-specific adaptations to prevailing low Fe, such as large photosynthetic antenna sizes, are of major significance for the regional biological carbon pump. Other traits more strongly linked to Mn, such as dealing with oxidative stress, may become more important under a changing Fe supply regime. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Heat and carbon uptake in the Southern Ocean: the state of the art and future priorities'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prima Anugerahanti
- Department of Earth, University of Liverpool, Ocean, and Ecological Sciences, 4 Brownlow Street, Liverpool L69 3GP, UK
| | - Alessandro Tagliabue
- Department of Earth, University of Liverpool, Ocean, and Ecological Sciences, 4 Brownlow Street, Liverpool L69 3GP, UK
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