1
|
Cacheiro-Llaguno C, Mösges R, Calzada D, González-de la Fuente S, Quintero E, Carnés J. Polysensitisation is associated with more severe symptoms: The reality of patients with allergy. Clin Exp Allergy 2024; 54:607-620. [PMID: 38676405 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studying the sensitisation profiles of patients with allergies allows for a deeper understanding of the disease which may facilitate the selection of the best-personalised allergen immunotherapy. This observational, cross-sectional, multicentre study aimed to demonstrate the heterogeneity of the German population with allergies by analysing specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) patterns towards aeroallergens and exploring the relationship between sensitisation and clinical symptoms. METHODS In total, 500 patients with allergies from different regions of Germany were recruited based on their case histories, clinical allergic symptoms and skin prick test data for aeroallergens. Serum samples were analysed using ImmunoCAP assays to determine sIgE levels for 33 allergenic sources and 43 molecular allergens. RESULTS Most patients (81%) were polysensitised. Betula verrucosa pollen was the most common cause of sensitisation (59%), followed by Phleum pratense (58%) and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (44%). The highest prevalence rates of molecular allergens were observed for Bet v 1 (84%) from birch pollen, Phl p 1 from grass pollen (82%), Der p 2 (69%) from mites and Fel d 1 (69%) from cat. Polysensitisation was significantly associated with the presence of asthma and the severity of rhinitis symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show a high rate of polysensitisation and emphasise the importance of molecular diagnosis for more precise and comprehensive insights into sensitisation patterns and their association with clinical symptoms. These data may help improve personalised diagnosis and immunotherapy adapted to the needs of individual patients in the region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ralph Mösges
- IMSB, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- ClinCompetence Cologne GmbH, Cologne, Germany
| | - David Calzada
- R&D Allergy and Immunology Unit, LETI Pharma, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Eliana Quintero
- IMSB, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Praxis Dr. Kasche und Kollegen, Hamburg, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Grewling Ł, Ribeiro H, Antunes C, Apangu GP, Çelenk S, Costa A, Eguiluz-Gracia I, Galveias A, Gonzalez Roldan N, Lika M, Magyar D, Martinez-Bracero M, Ørby P, O'Connor D, Penha AM, Pereira S, Pérez-Badia R, Rodinkova V, Xhetani M, Šauliene I, Skjøth CA. Outdoor airborne allergens: Characterization, behavior and monitoring in Europe. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167042. [PMID: 37709071 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Aeroallergens or inhalant allergens, are proteins dispersed through the air and have the potential to induce allergic conditions such as rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and asthma. Outdoor aeroallergens are found predominantly in pollen grains and fungal spores, which are allergen carriers. Aeroallergens from pollen and fungi have seasonal emission patterns that correlate with plant pollination and fungal sporulation and are strongly associated with atmospheric weather conditions. They are released when allergen carriers come in contact with the respiratory system, e.g. the nasal mucosa. In addition, due to the rupture of allergen carriers, airborne allergen molecules may be released directly into the air in the form of micronic and submicronic particles (cytoplasmic debris, cell wall fragments, droplets etc.) or adhered onto other airborne particulate matter. Therefore, aeroallergen detection strategies must consider, in addition to the allergen carriers, the allergen molecules themselves. This review article aims to present the current knowledge on inhalant allergens in the outdoor environment, their structure, localization, and factors affecting their production, transformation, release or degradation. In addition, methods for collecting and quantifying aeroallergens are listed and thoroughly discussed. Finally, the knowledge gaps, challenges and implications associated with aeroallergen analysis are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Grewling
- Laboratory of Aerobiology, Department of Systematic and Environmental Botany, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Helena Ribeiro
- Department of Geosciences, Environment and Spatial Plannings of the Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto and Earth Sciences Institute (ICT), Portugal
| | - Celia Antunes
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, School of Health and Human Development & ICT-Institute of Earth Sciences, IIFA, University of Évora, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal
| | | | - Sevcan Çelenk
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Ana Costa
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, School of Health and Human Development & ICT-Institute of Earth Sciences, IIFA, University of Évora, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal
| | - Ibon Eguiluz-Gracia
- Allergy Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Malaga, Malaga 29010, Spain
| | - Ana Galveias
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, School of Health and Human Development & ICT-Institute of Earth Sciences, IIFA, University of Évora, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal
| | - Nestor Gonzalez Roldan
- Group of Biofunctional Metabolites and Structures, Priority Research Area Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Borstel, Germany; Pollen Laboratory, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mirela Lika
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - Donát Magyar
- National Center for Public Health and Pharmacy, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Pia Ørby
- Department of Environmental Science, Danish Big Data Centre for Environment and Health (BERTHA) Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - David O'Connor
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin D09 E432, Ireland
| | - Alexandra Marchã Penha
- Water Laboratory, School of Sciences and Technology, ICT-Institute of Earth Sciences, IIFA, University of Évora. 7000-671 Évora, Portugal
| | - Sónia Pereira
- Department of Geosciences, Environment and Spatial Plannings of the Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto and Earth Sciences Institute (ICT), Portugal
| | - Rosa Pérez-Badia
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | | | - Merita Xhetani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gureczny T, Heindl B, Klug L, Wantke F, Hemmer W, Wöhrl S. Allergy screening with extract-based skin prick tests demonstrates higher sensitivity over in vitro molecular allergy testing. Clin Transl Allergy 2023; 13:e12220. [PMID: 36825518 PMCID: PMC9899493 DOI: 10.1002/clt2.12220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As extract-based skin testing as well as in vitro tests for major allergens have their own advantages, both procedures are usually performed in routine settings. In times of shortages in medical staff and supplies, we asked ourselves, how many patients would be underdiagnosed, if only one test could be used. METHODS In a retrospective analysis, we investigated a cohort of 2646 patients seen by a single physician in a large Austrian outpatient allergy clinic in 2018. Only patients with an allergen source-specific history and pairs of extract-based skin prick (SPT) and in vitro molecular allergy tests to major allergens were included. RESULTS For all tested allergen sources, sensitivity was higher for SPT than for sIgE-based molecular allergy testing. Concerning 1006 birch pollen-allergic patients, 791 (78.6%) had positive results with both tests, while 153 (15.2%) only with the SPT and 62 (6.2%) only with the sIgE to Bet v1. The other allergen sources showed similar results: For house dust mite 816/1120 (72.9%), grass pollen 1077/1416 (76.1%) and cat 433/622 (69.6%) remained test-positive with both procedures, whereas in 276 (24.6%), 224 (15.8%) and 173 (27.8%) times only the SPT and 28 (2.5%), 115 (8.1%) and 16 (2.6%) times only the sIgE to Der p1/2/23, Phl p1/5 and Fel d1 showed a positive result. Each comparison was statistically significant (each p < 0.0001, Chi-squared test). CONCLUSIONS Screening for allergy with major molecular allergens has lower sensitivity when compared with extract-based skin tests. A combination of both is required for an optimal sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Gureczny
- Floridsdorf Allergy Center (FAZ)ViennaWienAustria,Medical University of ViennaViennaWienAustria
| | - Benjamin Heindl
- Floridsdorf Allergy Center (FAZ)ViennaWienAustria,Medical University of ViennaViennaWienAustria
| | - Livia Klug
- Floridsdorf Allergy Center (FAZ)ViennaWienAustria,Medical University of ViennaViennaWienAustria
| | - Felix Wantke
- Floridsdorf Allergy Center (FAZ)ViennaWienAustria
| | | | - Stefan Wöhrl
- Floridsdorf Allergy Center (FAZ)ViennaWienAustria
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Robledo-Retana T, Mani BM, Teran LM. Ligustrum pollen: New insights into allergic disease. World Allergy Organ J 2020; 13:100104. [PMID: 32055279 PMCID: PMC7005548 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory allergies are important medical conditions because they affect nearly 20% of the population worldwide, with higher prevalence in industrialized cities. Aeroallergens such as pollen are responsible for up to 40% of respiratory allergies. The pollen from Ligustrum (privet hedge) is a great source of inhalant allergens associated with allergic respiratory diseases around the world. However, it has been underestimated as a sensitization factor. Interestingly, over the last few years a number of novel allergens have been identified from Ligustrum using immunoproteomics technologies. Cross-linking of IgE and Ligustrum allergens could lead to the rapid release of inflammatory mediators by mast cells and basophils. These will promote a late response characterized by activation of T cells and overproduction of Th2 cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13. These inflammatory changes cause respiratory diseases like asthma and allergic rhinitis in sensitized subjects. Here, we review Ligustrum pollen allergens and focus on their clinical and immunological significance in allergic disease as well as the use of hypoallergenic derivatives in personalized therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tania Robledo-Retana
- Biochemistry Department, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Rd, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Blessy M Mani
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, C.P. 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis M Teran
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, C.P. 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Analysis of Pollen Allergens in Lily by Transcriptome and Proteome Data. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235892. [PMID: 31771269 PMCID: PMC6929097 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The lily (Lilium spp.) anther contains a lot of pollen. It is not known if lily pollen contains allergens, and therefore screening pollen allergy-related proteins and genes is necessary. The pollen development period of lily 'Siberia' was determined by microscope observation. Early mononuclear microspores and mature pollens were used as sequencing materials. The analysis of the pollen transcriptome identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs), e.g., Profilin, Phl p 7 (Polcalcin), Ole e 1, and Phl p 11, which are associated with pollen allergens. The proteome analysis positively verified a significant increase in pollen allergenic protein content. The expression levels of LoProfiilin and LoPolcalcin, annotated as allergen proteins, gradually increased in mature pollen. LoProfiilin and LoPolcalcin were cloned and their open reading frame lengths were 396 bp and 246 bp, which encoded 131 and 81 amino acids, respectively. Amino acid sequence and structure alignment indicated that the protein sequences of LoProfilin and LoPolcalcin were highly conserved. Subcellular localization analysis showed that LoProfilin protein was localized in the cell cytoplasm and nucleus. LoProfilin and LoPolcalcin were highly expressed in mature pollen at the transcriptional and protein levels. A tertiary structure prediction analysis identified LoProfilin and LoPolcalcin as potential allergens in lily pollen.
Collapse
|
6
|
Eder K, Gellrich D, Meßmer C, Canis M, Gröger M. Component resolved analysis of ash pollen allergy in Bavaria. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2018; 14:76. [PMID: 30455718 PMCID: PMC6222990 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-018-0291-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sensitization to ash pollen is underestimated in various regions. The prevalence in Germany is about 10%. However, allergy to ash pollen is widely overlooked by allergists, since the pollination period of ash and birch in central Europe closely overlap and rhinoconjunctival symptoms during April/May are often assigned to birch pollen. Component resolved analysis of the different ash allergens is not routinely available. Therefore, we would like to question the usefulness of component resolved diagnostic via olive components, as ash and olive are both part of the Oleaceae family. Methods 113 patients with nasal provocation and skin prick test to ash were retrospectively compared regarding their specific immunoglobulin E antibody profiles with response to native ash extract, rOle e 1, nOle e 7 and rOle e 9. Results In nasal provocation testing 58% of 113 patients sensitized to ash were allergic, 42% were only sensitized without showing symptoms. Skin prick testing and serology against native ash extract detected most patients sensitized to ash pollen, whereas rOle e 1 was less sensitive. However, the value of measurements of skin prick test, serology to native ash extract and rOle e 1 did not allow a differentiation between an allergy and clinically silent sensitization. Specific antibodies to nOle e 7 and rOle e 9 were only seen in individual patients and were all positive for native ash extract and rOle e 1. Conclusion Skin prick testing and serology to native extract of ash pollen are the most reliable tools to diagnose a sensitization to ash pollen for patients living in Germany. Component resolved diagnostic to the major allergen rOle e 1 as representative of the Oleaceae family is possible but was less sensitive. Diagnostic of nOle e 7 and rOle e 9 did not show any additional benefit. Regarding differentiation between allergy and clinically silent sensitization to ash pollen, provocation is the leading diagnostic tool. Concluding, in routine clinical practice the standard methods-skin prick test, serology to native ash extract and provocation testing-remain crucial in the diagnosis and differentiation of ash sensitization and allergy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Eder
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Donata Gellrich
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Catalina Meßmer
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Canis
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Moritz Gröger
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mansouritorghabeh H, Jabbari-Azad F, Varasteh A, Sankian M, Farid-Hosseini R. Common solvents for making extraction of allergenic proteins from plants' pollens for prick tests and related factors: a technical review. Electron Physician 2017; 9:4440-4446. [PMID: 28713519 PMCID: PMC5498712 DOI: 10.19082/4440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Collecting information on influencing factors in developing consistent and high-quality extracts results in accurate diagnosis and effective treatment of type I allergy (IgE mediated). Furthermore, considering that a large number of allergens are currently in practice, any attempt to develop a more effective procedure for preparing extract may be useful. Nowadays, different saline solvents, temperature, incubation time, and PH are being incorporated for preparing allergen extracts. The objective of the current study was to clear and address the commonest of solvent buffers and allied conditions for making extracts of pollens of grasses, trees, and weeds. The literature review was done in Jan 2016 on PubMed and Google Scholar medical search engines without any time limitation. After reading abstracts of 87 articles, finally 37 relevant papers were selected and their full texts were retrieved. In conclusion, 24 full-text papers were recognized appropriate and chosen. The extracted information for papers has been described fully in the text. On the basis of these data, PBS buffer with PH 7.4, temperature of 4 °C and with overnight incubation time, may be the optimized condition in order to have a proper extract for carrying out skin prick tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Farahzad Jabbari-Azad
- M.D., Associate Professor of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Allergy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Varasteh
- Ph.D., Professor of Medical School, Allergy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Sankian
- Ph.D., Associate Professor of Immunology, Immunology Research Center, Bouali Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Farid-Hosseini
- M.D., Professor of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Allergy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mousavi F, Majd A, Shahali Y, Ghahremaninejad F, Shokouhi Shoormasti R, Pourpak Z. Immunoproteomics of tree of heaven (Ailanthus atltissima) pollen allergens. J Proteomics 2016; 154:94-101. [PMID: 28041857 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ailanthus altissima pollen (AAP) is considered as an emerging cause of respiratory allergy in United States, Italy and Iran. However, the allergenic composition of AAP is still unknown and has yet to be characterized. The present study aimed to identify AAP allergens using a proteomics-based approach. For this purpose, optimized AAP protein extracts were analyzed using 1D- and 2D- gel electrophoresis and confronted to twenty sera from individuals with respiratory allergy during the AAP season. Candidate allergens were detected using the serum from an allergic patient with clinical history of AAP pollinosis. IgE-binding spots were identified using MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry and database searching. According to our results, AAP extracts were rich in proteins (up to 16.25mg/ml) with a molecular-weight distribution ranging from 10 to 175kDa. Two-D electrophoresis of AAP extracts revealed 125 protein spots from which 13 were IgE reactive. These IgE-binding proteins were identified as enolase, calreticulin, probable pectate lyase 6, conserved hypothetical protein and ras-related protein RHN1-like. By our knowledge, this study is the first report identifying AAP allergens. These findings will open up further avenues for the diagnosis and immunotherapy of the AAP allergy as well as for the cloning and molecular characterization of relevant allergens. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Ailanthus altissima colonizes new areas every year in Iran and is spreading aggressively worldwide. According to USDA, the tree of heaven is now present as an invasive plant in 30 states in US (www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov/plants/treeheaven.shtml) and come to dominate large areas in many regions. Up to now, several cases of allergy to A. altissima pollen have been reported in United States, Italy and Iran [1-4]. However, there is still no information on the sensitizing allergens and the molecular origin of these clinical symptoms, which constitutes a serious threat to patients suffering from respiratory allergies in these regions. To our knowledge, the current study describes, therefore, the first panel of proteins responsible for IgE-mediated A. altissima pollinosis by using a gel-based proteomic approach. This work represents the pioneer proteomic investigation on Simaroubaceae spp. and provides useful insights for further studies on the allergens of this widely distributed plant family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Mousavi
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Majd
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Youcef Shahali
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
| | - Farrokh Ghahremaninejad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Pourpak
- Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vara A, Fernández-González M, Aira MJ, Rodríguez-Rajo FJ. Fraxinus pollen and allergen concentrations in Ourense (South-western Europe). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 147:241-248. [PMID: 26901381 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In temperate zones of North-Central Europe the sensitization to ash pollen is a recognized problem, also extended to the Northern areas of the Mediterranean basin. Some observations in Switzerland suggest that ash pollen season could be as important as birch pollen period. The allergenic significance of this pollen has been poorly studied in Southern Europe as the amounts of ash pollen are low. Due to the high degree of family relationship with the olive pollen major allergen (backed by a sequence identity of 88%), the Fraxinus pollen could be a significant cause of early respiratory allergy in sensitized people to olive pollen as consequence of cross-reactivity processes. Ash tree flowers in the Northwestern Spain during the winter months. The atmospheric presence of Ole e 1-like proteins (which could be related with the Fra a 1 presence) can be accurately detected using Ole e 1 antibodies. The correlation analysis showed high Spearman correlation coefficients between pollen content and rainfall (R(2)=-0.333, p<0.01) or allergen concentration and maximum temperature (R(2)=-0.271, p<0.01). In addiction CCA analysis showed not significant differences (p<0.05) between the component 1 and 2 variables. PCFA analysis plots showed that the allergen concentrations are related to the presence of the Fraxinus pollen in the air, facilitating the wind speed its submicronic allergen proteins dispersion. In order to forecast the Fraxinus allergy risk periods, two regression equations were developed with Adjusted R(2) values around 0.48-0.49. The t-test for dependent samples shows no significant differences between the observed data and the estimated by the equations. The combination of the airborne pollen content and the allergen quantification must be assessed in the epidemiologic study of allergic respiratory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Vara
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Sciences, University of Vigo, Campus Ourense, Spain
| | - M Fernández-González
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Sciences, University of Vigo, Campus Ourense, Spain
| | - M J Aira
- Departament of Botany, University of Santiago, Campus South, Santiago of Compostela, Spain
| | - F J Rodríguez-Rajo
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Sciences, University of Vigo, Campus Ourense, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Asam C, Hofer H, Wolf M, Aglas L, Wallner M. Tree pollen allergens-an update from a molecular perspective. Allergy 2015; 70:1201-11. [PMID: 26186076 PMCID: PMC5102629 DOI: 10.1111/all.12696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
It is estimated that pollen allergies affect approximately 40% of allergic individuals. In general, tree pollen allergies are mainly elicited by allergenic trees belonging to the orders Fagales, Lamiales, Proteales, and Pinales. Over 25 years ago, the gene encoding the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 was the first such gene to be cloned and its product characterized. Since that time, 53 tree pollen allergens have been identified and acknowledged by the WHO/IUIS allergen nomenclature subcommittee. Molecule‐based profiling of allergic sensitization has helped to elucidate the immunological connections of allergen cross‐reactivity, whereas advances in biochemistry have revealed structural and functional aspects of allergenic proteins. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the present knowledge of the molecular aspects of tree pollen allergens. We analyze the geographic distribution of allergenic trees, discuss factors pivotal for allergic sensitization, and describe the role of tree pollen panallergens. Novel allergenic tree species as well as tree pollen allergens are continually being identified, making research in this field highly competitive and instrumental for clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C. Asam
- Department of Molecular Biology University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria
| | - H. Hofer
- Department of Molecular Biology University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria
| | - M. Wolf
- Department of Molecular Biology University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria
| | - L. Aglas
- Department of Molecular Biology University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria
| | - M. Wallner
- Department of Molecular Biology University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Microwave-assisted green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Fraxinus excelsior leaf extract and its antioxidant assay. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-015-0433-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
12
|
de Weger LA, Hiemstra PS, Op den Buysch E, van Vliet AJH. Spatiotemporal monitoring of allergic rhinitis symptoms in The Netherlands using citizen science. Allergy 2014; 69:1085-91. [PMID: 24888457 DOI: 10.1111/all.12433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airborne pollen is a major symptom trigger in allergic rhinitis patients, but the impact of pollen differs among patients and regions and is influenced by environmental factors. To study these complex relationships, there is a need for data on the severity of symptoms in space and time. 'Citizen science' is increasingly recognized as an effective tool to monitor changes in our environment. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of a citizen science-based survey to monitor spatiotemporal variation in allergic rhinitis symptoms. METHODS Participants were recruited through the Web site Allergieradar.nl. After registering by completing an extensive questionnaire, they entered (preferably daily) their symptoms of eyes, nose, and lungs on a scale from 1 to 10, as well as their geographic location. RESULTS The registration questionnaire revealed that the majority of the participants (77%) had physician-diagnosed hay fever and 65% of the participants had been tested positively for their allergy. This study shows that the symptom scores of the participants are related to (i) pollen concentrations in the air, (ii) the self-reported sensitivity profile, and (iii) the sales of prescription antihistamines in The Netherlands. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that the collection of allergic rhinitis symptom data by 'citizen science' is feasible and has an added value in studies on the impact of pollen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L. A. de Weger
- Department of Pulmonology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden the Netherlands
| | - P. S. Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden the Netherlands
| | | | - A. J. H. van Vliet
- Environmental Systems Analysis Group; Wageningen University; Wageningen the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Imhof K, Probst E, Seifert B, Regenass S, Schmid-Grendelmeier P. Ash pollen allergy: reliable detection of sensitization on the basis of IgE to Ole e 1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 23:78-83. [PMID: 26120518 PMCID: PMC4479456 DOI: 10.1007/s40629-014-0010-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Alongside hazel, alder and birch pollen allergies, ash pollen allergy is a relevant cause of hay fever during spring in the European region. For some considerable time, ash pollen allergy was not routinely investigated and its clinical relevance may well have been underestimated, particularly since ash and birch tree pollination times are largely the same. Ash pollen extracts are not yet well standardized and diagnosis is therefore sometimes unreliable. Olive pollen, on the other hand, is strongly cross-reactive with ash pollen and is apparently better standardized. Therefore, the main allergen of olive pollen, Ole e 1, has been postulated as a reliable alternative for the detection of ash pollen sensitization. Methods: To determine to what extent specific IgE against Ole e 1 in patients with ash pollen allergy is relevant, we included 183 subjects with ash pollen allergy displaying typical symptoms in March/April and positive skin prick test specific IgE against Ole e 1 (t224) and ash pollen (t25) and various birch allergens (Bet v 1, Bet v 2/v 4) in a retrospective study. Results: A significant correlation was seen between specific IgE against Ole e 1 and ash pollen, but also to a slightly lesser extent between IgE against Ole e 1 and skin prick test with ash pollen, the latter being even higher than IgE and skin prick test both with ash pollen. No relevant correlation was found with birch pollen allergens, demonstrating the very limited cross-reactivity between ash and birch pollen. Conclusion: It appears appropriate to determine specific IgE against Ole e 1 instead of IgE against ash pollen to detect persons with ash pollen allergy. Our findings may also support the idea of using possibly better standardized or more widely available olive pollen extracts instead of ash pollen extract for allergen-specific immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Imhof
- />Allergy ward, Division of Dermatology, UniversityHospital Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- />Airport Medical Center, Zurich-airport, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Probst
- />Division of clinical Immunology, UniversityHospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Burkhardt Seifert
- />Division of Biostatistics, Institute for social und preventive medicine, University Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Regenass
- />Division of clinical Immunology, UniversityHospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Schmid-Grendelmeier
- />Allergy ward, Division of Dermatology, UniversityHospital Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Eschenpollenallergie: zuverlässiger Nachweis der Sensibilisierung durch IgE gegen Ole e 1. ALLERGO JOURNAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s15007-014-0553-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
15
|
On the cover-green ash. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2014; 112:A13. [PMID: 24565599 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2014.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
16
|
Mas S, Torres M, Garrido-Arandia M, Salamanca G, Castro L, Barral P, Purohit A, Pauli G, Rodríguez R, Batanero E, Barderas R, Villalba M. Ash pollen immunoproteomics: identification, immunologic characterization, and sequencing of 6 new allergens. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 133:923-6.e3. [PMID: 24418479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Mas
- Dpto. Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Torres
- Dpto. Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Garrido-Arandia
- Dpto. Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Salamanca
- Dpto. Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; ALK-Abelló, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdes Castro
- Dpto. Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; ALK-Abelló, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Barral
- Dpto. Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; The Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ashok Purohit
- Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Lyautey, Hopitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, France
| | - Gabrielle Pauli
- Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Lyautey, Hopitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, France
| | - Rosalía Rodríguez
- Dpto. Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Batanero
- Dpto. Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Barderas
- Dpto. Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mayte Villalba
- Dpto. Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rocha-Estrada A, Alvarado-Vázquez MA, Hernández-Piñero JL, de León-Alanís DD, Guzmán-Lucio MA. Diversidad polínica en la atmósfera del área metropolitana de Monterrey, N. L., octubre 2004 a marzo 2005. REV MEX BIODIVERS 2013. [DOI: 10.7550/rmb.28877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
18
|
Assarehzad MA, Shakurnia AH, Amini A. Sensitization to Common Aeroallergens among Asthmatic Patients in a Tropical Region Affected by Dust Storm. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2013. [DOI: 10.3923/jms.2013.592.597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
19
|
The most common aeroallergens in a tropical region in Southwestern Iran. World Allergy Organ J 2013; 6:7. [PMID: 23663517 PMCID: PMC3651228 DOI: 10.1186/1939-4551-6-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Respiratory allergies are the most important public health issues in the world. They are caused by aeroallergens which play great role in pathogenesis of respiratory allergic diseases. Methods The current study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of positive skin test for various aeroallergens among allergic patients in Ahvaz, southwest Iran. 299 participants with allergic rhinitis (seasonal or perennial) were selected. Skin prick test using twenty three common allergen extracts was performed on all patients. Results The overall frequency of sensitization to any allergen was 85.6%. In outdoor allergens the most prevalent aeroallergen category was weeds (89%) followed by tree and grasses, and in indoor allergens, mites (43%) were the most prevalent aeroallergen. The mean and median numbers of positive test reactions among those with positive test responses were 11.5 and 13.0, respectively. 84% of patients were poly-sensitised and about 50% of them were sensitised to more than twelve different allergens. Conclusion The results of the study revealed that prevalence of the skin prick reactivity to weed pollens is significant in southwest Iran and multiple sensitizations were common.
Collapse
|
20
|
Moneret-Vautrin DA, Vitte J, Jacquenet S, Morisset M, Denery-Papini S, Renaudin JM, Codreanu F, Bonardel N, Fardeaux MF, Beaudouin E. Diagnostic de l’IgE-réactivité par analyse des composants moléculaires (test ISAC). REVUE FRANCAISE D ALLERGOLOGIE 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reval.2011.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
21
|
Rodríguez-de la Cruz D, Sánchez-Reyes E, Dávila-González I, Lorente-Toledano F, Sánchez-Sánchez J. Airborne pollen calendar of Salamanca, Spain, 2000-2007. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2010; 38:307-12. [PMID: 20950924 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2010.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2010] [Revised: 04/13/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The determination of pollen types and their proportions in the atmosphere of relevant urban areas have increasingly been evaluated in different regions. The final goal has been to elaborate a pollen calendar, providing data about the occurrence of pollen grains in the air, thus permitting medical treatment and prophylaxis. METHODS An aerobiological study was carried out in the atmosphere of the city of Salamanca, Spain, during eight years (2000-2007) by means of a Hirst type volumetric spore trap. A pollen calendar was elaborated following exponential classes obtained from 10-day average concentrations of the main pollen types. RESULTS Mean annual pollen index was 16,916, coming from 72 different types of pollen. During the studied period, an increase of annual pollen levels was registered by means of regression analysis index. The most important types of pollen were Quercus, Poaceae, Cupressaceae, Olea, and Plantago. Arboreal pollen grains (62.7%) were more represented in airborne pollen spectrum than non-arboreal pollen (37.3%). Airborne pollen levels were particularly high between April and July, showing the highest values in May and June. CONCLUSIONS In aerobiological terms Poaceae pollen seems to be a major risk for potential sensitised individuals due to its known allergenicity and its high atmospheric concentrations between late spring and early summer, followed by Cupressaceae, Olea and Platanus pollen grains, and taking into account the possible role of Fraxinus and Quercus in early spring allergenic courses and in processes of cross-sensitivity, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Rodríguez-de la Cruz
- Centro Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias, Universidad de Salamanca, Villamayor, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
|
23
|
Poncet P, Senechal H, Clement G, Purohit A, Sutra JP, Desvaux FX, Wal JM, Pauli G, Peltre G, Gougeon ML. Evaluation of ash pollen sensitization pattern using proteomic approach with individual sera from allergic patients. Allergy 2010; 65:571-80. [PMID: 19886925 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02231.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Europe, sensitization to ash pollen induces pollinosis with cross-reactivities with other pollen sources. The aim of the study was to identify the repertoire of ash pollen allergens and evaluate the extent of the diversity of the IgE response in ash allergic patients. METHODS The IgE reactivities of 114 ash pollen- and eight grass pollen-sensitized patients were screened by 1D immunoblot (SDS-PAGE) against ash pollen extract. The IgE reactivities of 13 ash pollen- and two grass pollen-sensitized patients were then evaluated in 2D immunoblots. Some IgE- and non-IgE-reactive proteins were identified by mass spectrometry. RESULTS In 1D analysis, 86% of sera showed binding to Fra e 1 (18-20 kDa), 23% to Fra e 2 (14 kDa), 3% to Fra e 3 (10 kDa) and 57% to High Molecular Weight allergens (HMW, >30 kDa). Individual analysis of 2D immunoblots showed several IgE-binding protein areas among which three were more often recognized: (i) Fra e 1 comprising, at least, 15 isoforms, (ii) a series of acidic spots (45 kDa), and (iii) Fra e 2, the ash profilin. HMW allergens could be resolved in four areas; two unidentified, one homologous to beta-galactosidase and the other to sugar transport proteins. A malate deshydrogenase and calmodulin were shown to be IgE-binding proteins and 10 non-IgE reactive proteins were identified. CONCLUSIONS No direct correlation was evidenced between IgE profile and the degree of sensitization even though 2 spectrotypes could be distinguished. Our data contribute to a better delineation of ash pollen allergens and patterns of sensitization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Poncet
- Ecole Supérieure de Physique et Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris, CNRS, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bai N, He K, Ibarra A, Bily A, Roller M, Chen X, Rühl R. Iridoids from Fraxinus excelsior with adipocyte differentiation-inhibitory and PPARalpha activation activity. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2010; 73:2-6. [PMID: 20000781 DOI: 10.1021/np9003118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Two new secoiridoid glucosides, excelsides A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the seeds of Fraxinus excelsior. Their structures were elucidated as (2S,4S,3E)-methyl 3-ethylidene-4-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)-2-[(6-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-d-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-5-carboxylate and (2S,4S,3E)-methyl 3-ethylidene-4-{2-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]oxy-2-oxoethyl}-2-[(6-O-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-beta-d-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-5-carboxylate, respectively, on the basis of NMR and MS data. Eight known compounds were identified as nuzhenide (3), GI3 (4), GI5 (5), ligstroside (6), oleoside 11-methyl ester (7), oleoside dimethyl ester (8), 1'''-O-beta-D-glucosylformoside (9), and salidroside (10). Compounds 1-9 inhibited adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. Dilutions of the aqueous extract of F. excelsior (1:10,000) as well as compounds 2, 3, 4, 5, and 8 activated the peroxisome proliferator-mediated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) reporter cell system in the range of 10(-4) M, compared to 10(-7)-10(-8) M for the synthetic PPARalpha activator, WY14,643. Both biological activity profiles support the hypothesis that inhibition of adipocyte differentiation and PPARalpha-mediated mechanisms might be relevant pathways for the antidiabetic activity of F. excelsior extract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naisheng Bai
- Naturex, Inc., 375 Huyler Street, South Hackensack, New Jersey 07606, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Heinzerling LM, Burbach GJ, Edenharter G, Bachert C, Bindslev‐Jensen C, Bonini S, Bousquet J, Bousquet‐Rouanet L, Bousquet PJ, Bresciani M, Bruno A, Burney P, Canonica GW, Darsow U, Demoly P, Durham S, Fokkens WJ, Giavi S, Gjomarkaj M, Gramiccioni C, Haahtela T, Kowalski ML, Magyar P, Muraközi G, Orosz M, Papadopoulos NG, Röhnelt C, Stingl G, Todo‐Bom A, Von Mutius E, Wiesner A, Wöhrl S, Zuberbier T. GA(2)LEN skin test study I: GA(2)LEN harmonization of skin prick testing: novel sensitization patterns for inhalant allergens in Europe. Allergy 2009; 64:1498-1506. [PMID: 19772515 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02093.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin prick testing is the standard for diagnosing IgE-mediated allergies. However, different allergen extracts and different testing procedures have been applied by European allergy centres. Thus, it has been difficult to compare results from different centres or studies across Europe. It was, therefore, crucial to standardize and harmonize procedures in allergy diagnosis and treatment within Europe. AIMS The Global Asthma and Allergy European Network (GA(2)LEN), with partners and collaborating centres across Europe, was in a unique position to take on this task. The current study is the first approach to implement a standardized procedure for skin prick testing in allergies against inhalant allergens with a standardized pan-European allergen panel. METHODS The study population consisted of patients who were referred to one of the 17 participating centres in 14 European countries (n = 3034, median age = 33 years). Skin prick testing and evaluation was performed with the same 18 allergens in a standardized procedure across all centres. RESULTS The study clearly shows that many allergens previously regarded as untypical for some regions in Europe have been underestimated. This could partly be related to changes in mobility of patients, vegetation or climate in Europe. CONCLUSION The results of this large pan-European study demonstrate for the first time sensitization patterns for different inhalant allergens in patients across Europe. The standardized skin prick test with the standardized allergen battery should be recommended for clinical use and research. Further EU-wide monitoring of sensitization patterns is urgently needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L. M. Heinzerling
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité Universitätsmedizin‐Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - G. J. Burbach
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité Universitätsmedizin‐Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - G. Edenharter
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité Universitätsmedizin‐Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - C. Bachert
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - S. Bonini
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - A. Bruno
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - P. Burney
- Imperial College for Science, Technology and Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - U. Darsow
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein and Division of Environmental Dermatology and Allergy Helmholtz Center, Technical University, Technische Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - P. Demoly
- University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - S. Durham
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - W. J. Fokkens
- Academic Medical Centre, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S. Giavi
- Allergy Department, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University, Athens, Greece
| | - M. Gjomarkaj
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - T. Haahtela
- Skin and Allergy Hospital, University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M. L. Kowalski
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - P. Magyar
- Semmelweis Medical University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - G. Muraközi
- Semmelweis Medical University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - M. Orosz
- Semmelweis Medical University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - N. G. Papadopoulos
- Allergy Department, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University, Athens, Greece
| | - C. Röhnelt
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité Universitätsmedizin‐Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - G. Stingl
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - A. Wiesner
- Children’s University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S. Wöhrl
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - T. Zuberbier
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité Universitätsmedizin‐Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Fuhrman C, Sarter H, Thibaudon M, Delmas MC, Zeghnoun A, Lecadet J, Caillaud D. Short-term effect of pollen exposure on antiallergic drug consumption. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2007; 99:225-31. [PMID: 17910325 DOI: 10.1016/s1081-1206(10)60657-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have investigated the association between pollen exposure and asthma emergency admissions, but only 2 have investigated the effect of airborne allergens on consultations for rhinitis or conjunctivitis and none has used drug consumption as the health indicator. OBJECTIVE To analyze the short-term association between pollen exposure and antiallergic drug consumption in the urban area of Clermont-Ferrand, France, taking into account the potentially confounding effect of air pollution and meteorological factors. METHODS We used the French health insurance database to select all individuals from the Clermont-Ferrand urban area having benefited from reimbursement for antiallergic treatment from January 1, 2000, through December 31, 2001, and from January 1, 2003, through December 31, 2004. An episode of treated allergic rhinitis, rhinosinusitus, or conjunctivitis (ARC) was defined as the association of an oral antihistamine and a local antiallergic drug on the same prescription. The relations between daily changes in pollen concentrations and daily changes in the number of treated ARC cases were analyzed using a Poisson regression model with penalized spline functions. RESULTS The risk of treated ARC associated with an interquartile increase in pollen concentration increased significantly for Poaceae (5%, P < .001), Fraxinus (7%, P < .001), Betula (7%, P < .001), and Corylus (2%, P < .02). This increase was significant in all age groups for Poaceae and Fraxinus pollen and in people younger than 65 years for Betula pollen. The effect was mainly concentrated on the present day, except for Poaceae pollens, for which the risk remained significantly (P < .001) increased until 3 days lag time. CONCLUSIONS This study showed a significant increase in treated ARC cases related to Poaceae, Fraxinus, and Betula. Specific risks are difficult to evaluate for species that share the same pollination period. Time-series studies based on drug consumption are useful to highlight and to supervise pollen-related diseases requiring ambulatory care.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Age Factors
- Aged
- Anti-Allergic Agents/therapeutic use
- Antigens, Plant/immunology
- Betula/immunology
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Conjunctivitis, Allergic/drug therapy
- Conjunctivitis, Allergic/epidemiology
- Environmental Exposure
- Female
- France/epidemiology
- Fraxinus/immunology
- Humans
- Hypersensitivity, Immediate/drug therapy
- Hypersensitivity, Immediate/epidemiology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Poaceae/immunology
- Pollen/immunology
- Rhinitis/drug therapy
- Rhinitis/epidemiology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/drug therapy
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/epidemiology
- Risk Assessment
- Seasons
- Sinusitis/drug therapy
- Sinusitis/epidemiology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Fuhrman
- Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Département Santé Environnement, Saint-Maurice, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wright CI, Van-Buren L, Kroner CI, Koning MMG. Herbal medicines as diuretics: a review of the scientific evidence. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2007; 114:1-31. [PMID: 17804183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2007] [Accepted: 07/25/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in the health and wellness benefits of herbs and botanicals. This is with good reason as they might offer a natural safeguard against the development of certain conditions and be a putative treatment for some diseases. One such area may be the lowering of blood pressure in those where it is elevated (i.e., hypertension). One class of clinical medicines used to lower blood pressure are known as diuretics and work by increasing the excretion of urine from the body as well as the amount of sodium in urine. There are a growing number of studies purporting diuretic effects with traditional medicines. The aim of this article was to review these studies and identify which extracts promote diuresis (which we assessed on terms of urine excreted and urinary sodium excretion) and also to identify the research needs in this area. We identified a number of species and genuses reporting diuretic effects. Of these, the most promising, at the present time, are the species Foeniculum vulgare, Fraxinus excelsior, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Petroselinum sativum and Spergularia purpurea, and species from the genuses Cucumis (Cucumis melo and Cucumis trigonus), Equisetum (Equisetum bogotense, Equisetum fluviatile, Equisetum giganteum, Equisetum hiemale var. affine and Equisetum myriochaetum), Lepidium (Lepidium latifolium and Lepidium sativum), Phyllanthus (Phyllanthus amarus, Phyllanthus corcovadensis and Phyllanthus sellowianus) and Sambucus (Sambucus mexicana and Sambucus nigra). However, there the number of studies is limited and we recommend that further studies be conducted to confirm reported effects. Such evidence is needed to provide scientific credence to the folklore use of traditional medicines and even be helpful in the development of future medicines, treatments and treatment guidelines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C I Wright
- Nutrition, Nutrition and Health Enhancement, Unilever Food and Health Research Institute, Olivier van Noortlaan 120, PO Box 114, 3130 AC, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
D'Amato G, Cecchi L, Bonini S, Nunes C, Annesi-Maesano I, Behrendt H, Liccardi G, Popov T, van Cauwenberge P. Allergenic pollen and pollen allergy in Europe. Allergy 2007; 62:976-90. [PMID: 17521313 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01393.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 569] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The allergenic content of the atmosphere varies according to climate, geography and vegetation. Data on the presence and prevalence of allergenic airborne pollens, obtained from both aerobiological studies and allergological investigations, make it possible to design pollen calendars with the approximate flowering period of the plants in the sampling area. In this way, even though pollen production and dispersal from year to year depend on the patterns of preseason weather and on the conditions prevailing at the time of anthesis, it is usually possible to forecast the chances of encountering high atmospheric allergenic pollen concentrations in different areas. Aerobiological and allergological studies show that the pollen map of Europe is changing also as a result of cultural factors (for example, importation of plants such as birch and cypress for urban parklands), greater international travel (e.g. colonization by ragweed in France, northern Italy, Austria, Hungary etc.) and climate change. In this regard, the higher frequency of weather extremes, like thunderstorms, and increasing episodes of long range transport of allergenic pollen represent new challenges for researchers. Furthermore, in the last few years, experimental data on pollen and subpollen-particles structure, the pathogenetic role of pollen and the interaction between pollen and air pollutants, gave new insights into the mechanisms of respiratory allergic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G D'Amato
- Division of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases, Department of Chest Diseases, High Speciality Hospital "A.Cardarelli" Napoli, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Jianan X, Zhiyun O, Hua Z, Xiaoke W, Hong M. Allergenic pollen plants and their influential factors in urban areas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2032(07)60082-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
30
|
Hrabina M, Purohit A, Oster JP, Papanikolaou I, Jain K, Pascal P, Sicard H, Gouyon B, Moingeon P, Pauli G, André C. Standardization of an Ash (Fraxinus excelsior) Pollen Allergen Extract. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2006; 142:11-8. [PMID: 17016054 DOI: 10.1159/000095994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2006] [Accepted: 06/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ash tree (Fraxinus excelsior) is the main representative of the Oleaceae family in temperate zones. Diagnosis of ash pollen allergy is made difficult due to (1) an overlapping pollinization period with Betulaceae, (2) non-inclusion in current diagnostic assays, and (3) some cross- reactivity with minor allergens from Betulaceae. The aim of this study was to calibrate an ash pollen in-house reference preparation (IHRP) in allergic patients in order to produce standardized products for diagnosis and immunotherapy purposes. METHODS Ash pollen IHRP was extracted, ultrafiltered and freeze dried. Allergens in the extract were detected after 2-dimensional PAGE using specific sera and a monoclonal antibody. The Fra e 1 content of IHRP was evaluated by quantitative immunoprint. Forty-eight subjects from the North-East of France exhibiting clinical symptoms, a positive skin test and specific IgE levels > or =class 2 to ash pollen were recruited. IgE immunoprints were performed to select patients sensitized to the ash Fra e 1 allergen as opposed to cross-reacting allergens. Serial 10-fold dilutions of the IHRP were tested by skin prick tests in order to determine the concentration inducing a geometrical mean wheal diameter of 7 mm, said to correspond to an index of reactivity (IR) of 100 per millilitre. RESULTS IgE-reactive molecules in IHRP comprise Fra e 1, Fra e 2, a 9-kDa molecule (presumably Fra e 3), as well as a doublet at 15 kDa and high molecular weight allergens. The 100 IR concentration of IHRP inducing a geometrical mean wheal diameter of 7 mm in 22 patients sensitized to Fra e 1 corresponds to the 1/126 (w/v) extraction ratio (i.e. 259 microg/ml of protein by Bradford) and contains 17 microg/ml of Fra e 1. The variability in total activity of 5 batches of standardized extracts was found to be significantly reduced when compared with 7 non-standardized extracts. CONCLUSION An ash pollen IHRP was defined and molecularly characterized. Its successful standardization at 100 IR/ml in patients specifically sensitized to Fra e 1 allowed a skin reactivity-based calibration in properly diagnosed patients. Such a standardized ash pollen extract is a reliable tool to support immunotherapy of ash pollen allergy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maud Hrabina
- Département Scientifique et Médical, Stallergènes SA, Antony, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Palomares O, Swoboda I, Villalba M, Balic N, Spitzauer S, Rodríguez R, Valenta R. The major allergen of olive pollen Ole e 1 is a diagnostic marker for sensitization to Oleaceae. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2006; 141:110-8. [PMID: 16864978 DOI: 10.1159/000094713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2005] [Accepted: 03/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trees of the family Oleaceae are important allergen sources, with a strongly varying geographic distribution. For example, olive pollen is an important allergen source in Mediterranean countries, whereas ash pollen dominates in Northern and Central Europe and North America. The aim of this study was to compare the profiles of olive and ash pollen allergens and to study the degree of cross-reactivity using populations of allergic patients selectively exposed to olive or ash pollen. METHODS Olive and ash pollen extracts were analyzed by IgE immunoblotting using sera from Spanish patients highly exposed to olive pollen and Austrian patients without olive but ash pollen exposure. IgE cross-reactivity was studied by qualitative immunoblot inhibition assays and semiquantitative ELISA inhibitions using olive, ash, birch, mugwort, timothy grass pollen extracts and the major olive pollen allergen, Ole e 1. RESULTS Spanish and Austrian patients exhibited an almost identical IgE-binding profile to olive and ash pollen allergens, with major reactivity directed against Ole e 1, and its homologous ash counterpart, Fra e 1. IgE inhibition experiments demonstrated extensive cross-reactivity between olive and ash pollen allergens. However, whereas cross-reactions between profilins and calcium-binding allergens also occurred between unrelated plant species, cross-reactivity to Ole e 1 was confined to plants belonging to the Oleaceae. CONCLUSIONS Ole e 1 is a marker allergen for the diagnosis of olive and ash pollen allergy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Palomares
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Barderas R, Purohit A, Rodríguez R, Pauli G, Villalba M. Isolation of the main allergen Fra e 1 from ash (Fraxinus excelsior) pollen: comparison of the natural and recombinant forms. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2006; 96:557-63. [PMID: 16680926 DOI: 10.1016/s1081-1206(10)63550-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fra e 1 is a major allergen for ash pollen-sensitized individuals in northern and central Europe. It belongs to the Ole e 1-like family and displays high cross-reactivity with taxonomically related members. OBJECTIVES To isolate and characterize natural Fra e 1 (nFra e 1) from ash pollen and to compare its structural, antigenic, and allergenic properties with those of its recombinant form (rFra e 1). METHODS The allergen was isolated by means of gel permeation chromatography and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography columns. Molecular characterization was performed by means of Edman degradation, mass spectrometry, circular dichroism, concanavalin A lectin reaction, and anti-horseradish peroxidase polyclonal antibody. Immunologic characterization was performed using immunoblotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, inhibition experiments, and histamine release assays with serum samples from allergic patients with well-known reactivity to Fra e 1 or Ole e 1 and with polyclonal antiserum and monoclonal antibodies against Ole e 1. The protein used as a reference was rFra e 1, which was produced in the yeast Pichia pastoris. RESULTS Purified nFra e 1 appeared as 5 variants with different glycosylation degrees. Both nFra e 1 and rFra e 1 were equivalently folded as deduced from the spectroscopic analysis using circular dichroism. Both molecules share the antigenic and allergenic epitopes after the purification process, and the glycan group of nFra e 1 is a potential epitope. Natural Fra e 1 displayed strong cross-reactivity with Ole e 1. CONCLUSIONS Natural Fra e 1 is a heterogeneously glycosylated protein with high allergenic relevance. It displays structural, antigenic, and allergenic similarity with rFra e 1. Both proteins could be used for clinical purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Barderas
- Departmento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Barderas R, Purohit A, Papanikolaou I, Rodríguez R, Pauli G, Villalba M. Cloning, expression, and clinical significance of the major allergen from ash pollen, Fra e 1. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005; 115:351-7. [PMID: 15696094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2004.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ash tree, an Oleaceae member, is considered an important source of pollen allergy in Central Europe. Fra e 1 is a protein of the Ole e 1-like family, which regulates pollen tube growth. It has been suggested to be a relevant allergen from ash pollen. OBJECTIVE Cloning Fra e 1-cDNA and overproducing a properly folded recombinant allergen to analyze its clinical significance. METHODS Fra e 1-encoding cDNA was amplified by PCR, cloned in Escherichia coli , and sequenced. The recombinant allergen was produced in Pichia pastoris and used in immunoblotting, ELISA, histamine release, and skin prick tests. Sera and blood cells from patients sensitized to ash pollen as well as anti-Ole e 1 monoclonal and polyclonal antisera were used. RESULTS Recombinant Fra e 1 (rFra e 1) is a glycoprotein of 145 amino acids exhibiting 82%, 88%, and 91% identity with Syr v 1, Ole e 1, and Lig v 1, allergens of the Oleaceae family. It was secreted to the extracellular medium of the yeast cultures and purified by means of 3 chromatographic steps. IgG from Ole e 1-specific antibodies recognized rFra e 1. IgE antibodies from ash-sensitized patients bound to rFra e 1 with a prevalence of 75%. The recombinant allergen induced histamine release. Twenty-nine of 30 ash-sensitized patients were positive to rFra e 1 by skin prick tests. CONCLUSION Fra e 1 is a relevant allergen in ash pollen sensitization. It has been efficiently produced in P pastoris and could be used in diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Barderas
- Departamento Bioquímica y Biologia Molecular, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Mothes N, Horak F, Valenta R. Transition from a Botanical to a Molecular Classification in Tree Pollen Allergy: Implications for Diagnosis and Therapy. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2004; 135:357-73. [PMID: 15583457 DOI: 10.1159/000082332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tree pollens are among the most important allergen sources. Allergic cross-reactivity to pollens of trees from various plant orders has so far been classified according to botanical relationships. In this context, cross-reactivities to pollens of trees of the Fagales order (birch, alder, hazel, hornbeam, oak, chestnut), fruits and vegetables, between pollens of the Scrophulariales (olive, ash, plantain, privet, lilac) and pollens of the Coniferales (cedar, cypress, pine) are well established. The application of molecular biology methods for allergen characterization has revealed the molecular nature of many important tree pollen allergens. We review the spectrum of tree pollen allergens and propose a classification of tree pollen and related allergies based on major allergen molecules instead of botanical relationships among the allergenic sources. This molecular classification suggests the major birch pollen allergen, Bet v 1 as a marker for Fagales pollen and related plant food allergies, the major olive pollen allergen, Ole e 1, as a possible marker for Scrophulariales pollen allergy and the cedar allergens, Cry j 1 and Cry j 2, as potential markers for allergy to Coniferales pollens. We exemplify for Fagales pollen allergy and Bet v 1 that major marker allergens are diagnostic tools to determine the disease-eliciting allergen source. Information obtained by diagnostic testing with marker allergens will be important for the appropriate selection of patients for allergen-specific forms of therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Mothes
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Pathophysiology, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lombardero M, Obispo T, Calabozo B, Lezaún A, Polo F, Barber D. Cross-reactivity between olive and other species. Role of Ole e 1-related proteins. Allergy 2002; 57 Suppl 71:29-34. [PMID: 12173266 DOI: 10.1034/j.1398-9995.2002.057s71029.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Lombardero
- R & D Department, ALK-Abelló, SA Miguel Fleta 19, 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Niederberger V, Purohit A, Oster JP, Spitzauer S, Valenta R, Pauli G. The allergen profile of ash (Fraxinus excelsior) pollen: cross-reactivity with allergens from various plant species. Clin Exp Allergy 2002; 32:933-41. [PMID: 12047442 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2222.2002.01369.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ash, a wind-pollinated tree belonging to the family Oleaceae, is distributed world-wide and has been suggested as a potent allergen source in spring time. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the profile of allergen components in ash pollen in order to refine diagnosis and therapy for patients with sensitivity to ash pollen METHODS The IgE reactivity profile of 40 ash pollen-allergic patients was determined by immunoblotting. Antibodies raised to purified pollen allergens from tree and grass pollens were used to identify cross-reactive structures in ash pollen extract. IgE immunoblot inhibition studies were performed with recombinant and natural pollen allergens to characterize ash pollen allergens and to determine the degree of cross-reactivity between pollen allergens from ash, olive, birch, grasses and weeds. RESULTS The allergen profile of ash pollen comprises Fra e 1, a major allergen related to the major olive allergen, Ole e 1, and to group 11 grass pollen allergens, the panallergen profilin, a two EF-hand calcium-binding protein, a pectinesterase-like molecule and an allergen sharing epitopes with group 4 grass pollen allergens. Thus, the relevant allergens of ash are primarily allergens that share epitopes with pollen allergens from other tree, grass and weed species. CONCLUSIONS Allergic symptoms to ash pollen can be the consequence of sensitization to cross-reactive allergens from other sources. The fact that ash pollen-allergic patients can be discriminated on the basis of their specific IgE reactivity profile to highly or moderately cross-reactive allergens has implications for the selection of appropriate forms of treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Niederberger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Vienna General Hospital, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hemmer W, Focke M, Kolarich D, Wilson IB, Altmann F, Wöhrl S, Götz M, Jarisch R. Antibody binding to venom carbohydrates is a frequent cause for double positivity to honeybee and yellow jacket venom in patients with stinging-insect allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001; 108:1045-52. [PMID: 11742287 DOI: 10.1067/mai.2001.120013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Up to 50% of patients with stinging-insect allergy have double-positive RAST results to honeybee and yellow jacket (YJ) venom. True double sensitization and crossreactivity through venom hyaluronidases are considered main reasons for this multiple reactivity. OBJECTIVE We investigated the role of antibodies against cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants in venom double positivity. METHODS CAP inhibition experiments were performed with crude oilseed rape (OSR) and timothy grass pollen extracts and a neoglycoprotein construct displaying a MUXF glycan, as present in pineapple-stem bromelain (MUXF-BSA). CAP to OSR was used as a rough measure for carbohydrate-specific IgE in individual sera. RESULTS CAP results to OSR pollen were positive in 2 of 14 single-positive honeybee venom sera, 2 of 16 single-positive YJ venom sera, and 33 (80.5%) of 41 double-positive sera (P < .00001, chi(2) test). CAP inhibition was performed in 16 selected patients with a CAP class of 3 or higher to both venoms. In 9 of 11 patients with a highly positive CAP result to OSR (CAP score to OSR > CAP score to second venom), pollen extracts, MUXF-BSA, or both were able to completely inhibit IgE binding to one of the venoms, whereas this was not the case in 5 patients with a negative or weakly positive CAP result to OSR (CAP score to OSR < CAP score to second venom). CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that carbohydrate-specific IgE is a major cause for the double positivity to honeybee and YJ venom seen in patients with Hymenoptera allergy. Because these antibodies may have low clinical relevance, they may severely impede the correct diagnosis of Hymenoptera venom allergy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Hemmer
- FAZ-Floridsdorf Allergy Centre, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|