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Chen Z, Wang G, Wang W, Wang X, Huang Y, Jia J, Gao Q, Xu H, He L, Xu Y, Liu Z, Sun J, Li C. Relationship between jejunum ATPase activity and antioxidant function on the growth performance, feed conversion efficiency, and jejunum microbiota in Hu sheep (Ovis aries). BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:242. [PMID: 38831422 PMCID: PMC11149274 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04100-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ATPase activity and the antioxidant function of intestinal tissue can reflect intestinal cell metabolic activity and oxidative damage, which might be related to intestinal function. However, the specific influence of intestinal ATPase activity and antioxidant function on growth performance, feed conversion efficiency, and the intestinal microbiota in sheep remains unclear. RESULTS This study analyzed the correlation between ATPase activity and antioxidant function in the jejunum of 92 Hu sheep and their growth performance and feed conversion efficiency. Additionally, individuals with the highest (H group) and lowest (L group) jejunum MDA content and Na+ K+-ATPase activity were further screened, and the effects of jejunum ATPase activity and MDA content on the morphology and microbial community of sheep intestines were analyzed. There was a significant correlation between jejunum ATPase and SOD activity and the initial weight of Hu sheep (P < 0.01). The H-MDA group exhibited significantly higher average daily gain (ADG) from 0 to 80 days old and higher body weight (BW) after 80 days. ATPase and SOD activities, and MDA levels correlated significantly and positively with heart weight. The jejunum crypt depth and circular muscle thickness in the H-ATP group were significantly higher than in the L-ATP group, and the villus length, crypt depth, and longitudinal muscle thickness in the H-MDA group were significantly higher than in the L-MDA group (P < 0.01). High ATPase activity and MDA content significantly reduced the jejunum microbial diversity, as indicated by the Chao1 index and observed species, and affected the relative abundance of specific taxa. Among species, the relative abundance of Olsenella umbonata was significantly higher in the H-MDA group than in the L-MDA group (P < 0.05), while Methanobrevibacter ruminantium abundance was significantly lower than in the L-MDA group (P < 0.05). In vitro culture experiments confirmed that MDA promoted the proliferation of Olsenella umbonata. Thus, ATPase and SOD activities in the jejunum tissues of Hu sheep are predominantly influenced by congenital factors, and lambs with higher birth weights exhibit lower Na+ K+-ATPase, Ca2+ Mg2+-ATPase, and SOD activities. CONCLUSIONS The ATPase activity and antioxidant performance of intestinal tissue are closely related to growth performance, heart development, and intestinal tissue morphology. High ATPase activity and MDA content reduced the microbial diversity of intestinal tissue and affect the relative abundance of specific taxa, representing a potential interaction between the host and its intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanyu Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Guoxiu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Weimin Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730020, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Yongliang Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Jiale Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Qihao Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Haoyu Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Lijuan He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Yunfei Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Jinlin Sun
- Gansu Runmu Bio-Engineering Co.,LTD, Yongchang, Gansu, 737200, China
| | - Chong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China.
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2
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Cazzaniga M, Cardinali M, Di Pierro F, Zonzini GB, Palazzi CM, Gregoretti A, Zerbinati N, Guasti L, Bertuccioli A. The Potential Role of Probiotics, Especially Butyrate Producers, in the Management of Gastrointestinal Mucositis Induced by Oncologic Chemo-Radiotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2306. [PMID: 38396981 PMCID: PMC10889689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Many clinical studies have now highlighted how the composition of the intestinal microbiota can regulate the effects of many oncological therapies. In particular, the modulation of microbial composition has been shown to enhance their efficacy and reduce potential side effects. Numerous adverse events induced by chemotherapy and radiotherapy appear to be strongly associated with an alteration in the intestinal microbiota caused by these treatments. This supports the hypothesis that the modulation or correction of the microbiota may decrease the toxic impact of therapies, improving patient compliance and quality of life. Among the most debilitating disorders related to oncological treatments is certainly mucositis, and recent clinical data highlight how the deficiency of short-chain fatty acids, especially butyrate, and specifically the lack of certain bacterial groups responsible for its production (butyrate producers), is strongly associated with this disorder. It is hypothesized that restoring these elements may influence the onset and severity of adverse events. Therefore, the intake of probiotics, especially butyrate producers, and specifically Clostridium butyricum (CBM588), currently the only cultivable and usable strain with a history of data proving its safety, could be a valuable ally in oncological therapies, reducing the associated discomfort and improving compliance, efficacy, and quality of life for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Cazzaniga
- Scientific & Research Department, Velleja Research, 20125 Milano, Italy (F.D.P.)
- Microbiota International Clinical Society, 10123 Torino, Italy (A.B.)
| | - Marco Cardinali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infermi Hospital, AUSL Romagna, 47921 Rimini, Italy
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61122 Urbino, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Pierro
- Scientific & Research Department, Velleja Research, 20125 Milano, Italy (F.D.P.)
- Microbiota International Clinical Society, 10123 Torino, Italy (A.B.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insurbia, 21100 Varese, Italy (L.G.)
| | | | | | - Aurora Gregoretti
- Microbiota International Clinical Society, 10123 Torino, Italy (A.B.)
| | - Nicola Zerbinati
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insurbia, 21100 Varese, Italy (L.G.)
| | - Luigina Guasti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insurbia, 21100 Varese, Italy (L.G.)
| | - Alexander Bertuccioli
- Microbiota International Clinical Society, 10123 Torino, Italy (A.B.)
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61122 Urbino, Italy
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3
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Meng C, Wang X, Fan L, Fan Y, Yan Z, Wang Y, Li Y, Zhang J, Lv S. A new perspective in the prevention and treatment of antitumor therapy-related cardiotoxicity: Intestinal microecology. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:115588. [PMID: 38039758 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The continuous development of antitumor therapy has significantly reduced the mortality of patients with malignancies. However, the antitumor-related cardiotoxicity has become the leading cause of long-term mortality in patients with malignancies. Besides, the pathogenesis of antitumor-related cardiotoxicity is still unclear, and practical means of prevention and treatment are lacking in clinical practice. Therefore, the major challenge is how to combat the cardiotoxicity of antitumor therapy effectively. More and more studies have shown that antitumor therapy kills tumor cells while causing damage to sensitive tissues such as the intestinal mucosa, leading to the increased permeability of the intestine and the dysbiosis of intestinal microecology. In addition, the dysbiosis of intestinal microecology contributes to the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases through multiple pathways. Thus, the dysbiosis of intestinal microecology may be a potential mechanism and target for antitumor-related cardiotoxicity. We summarized the characteristics of intestinal microecology disorders induced by antitumor therapy and the association between intestinal microecological dysbiosis and CVD. And on this basis, we hypothesized the potential mechanisms of intestinal microecology mediating the occurrence of antitumor-related cardiotoxicity. Then we reviewed the previous studies targeting intestinal microecology against antitumor-associated cardiotoxicity, aiming to provide a reference for future studies on the occurrence and prevention of antitumor-related cardiotoxicity by intestinal microecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Meng
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion), Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion), Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Fan
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion), Tianjin, China
| | - Yajie Fan
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion), Tianjin, China
| | - Zhipeng Yan
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion), Tianjin, China
| | - Yunjiao Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion), Tianjin, China
| | - Yanyang Li
- Department of integrated Chinese and Western medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Junping Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion), Tianjin, China.
| | - Shichao Lv
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion), Tianjin, China.
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4
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Wang J, Gao B. Mechanisms and Potential Clinical Implications of Oral Microbiome in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Curr Oncol 2023; 31:168-182. [PMID: 38248096 PMCID: PMC10814288 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol31010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms in the oral cavity are abundant in the human body. At present, more than 700 species of oral microorganisms have been identified. Recently, a lot of literature has indicated that the oral microbiota plays an important role in the occurrence, development, and prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) through various mechanisms. And researchers are now trying to utilize oral microbiota in cancer diagnosis and treatment. However, few articles systematically summarize the effects of oral microbes in the diagnosis, treatment, and disease outcomes of oral cancer. Herein, we made a summary of the microbial changes at cancerous sites and placed more emphasis on the mechanisms by which the oral microbiome promotes cancerization. Moreover, we aimed to find out the clinical value of the oral microbiome in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
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5
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Safarpour S, Safarpour S, Akbar Moghadamnia A, Kazemi S, Ebrahimpour A, Shirafkan F. The protective effects of silymarin nanoemulsion on 5-fluorouracil-induced gastrointestinal toxicity in rats. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101672. [PMID: 37448841 PMCID: PMC10336682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5FUra) is the third most popular chemotherapeutic component employed to treat solid tumors. In the present study, we aimed to appraise the silymarin (SM) and silymarin nanoemulsion (SMN) effect on 5FUra-induced gastrointestinal toxicity in adult male rats. A total of 30 male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups including the control (Crl) group, and groups treated with SMN (5 mg.kg-1), SM (5 mg.kg-1), 5FUra + SMN (5 mg.kg-1), and 5FUra + SM (5 mg.kg-1) by IP injection for 14 days. And gastrointestinal toxicity was induced by a single intraperitoneal (IP) injection of 5FUra (100 mg.kg-1) for the last group in the study. Treating rats with SM and SMN diminished elevating malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and improved total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels. Also, the intensity of mRNA expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) caused by 5FUra in the gastrointestinal tissue tract, and macroscopic oral ulcerations decreased, ass well as weight loss was prevented, particularly in the SMN group. Moreover, in the microscopic scope, there were significant improvements in the levels of hyperemia, hyaline, and inflammatory cell infiltration in the tongue, esophagus, and intestinal tissues in the FUra + SMN and FUra + SM groups compared to 5FUra. Hence, treatment with SM and SMN reduced oxidative stress, histopathological degeneration, and gene expression of inflammatory markers in the gastrointestinal tract. According to the results, treatment with SM and SMN markedly decreases the gastrointestinal toxicity caused by 5FUra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Safarpour
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Samaneh Safarpour
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Ali Akbar Moghadamnia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Sohrab Kazemi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Anahita Ebrahimpour
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shirafkan
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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6
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Mendes I, Vale N. How Can the Microbiome Induce Carcinogenesis and Modulate Drug Resistance in Cancer Therapy? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11855. [PMID: 37511612 PMCID: PMC10380870 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the years, cancer has been affecting the lives of many people globally and it has become one of the most studied diseases. Despite the efforts to understand the cell mechanisms behind this complex disease, not every patient seems to respond to targeted therapies or immunotherapies. Drug resistance in cancer is one of the limiting factors contributing to unsuccessful therapies; therefore, understanding how cancer cells acquire this resistance is essential to help cure individuals affected by cancer. Recently, the altered microbiome was observed to be an important hallmark of cancer and therefore it represents a promising topic of cancer research. Our review aims to provide a global perspective of some cancer hallmarks, for instance how genetic and epigenetic modifications may be caused by an altered human microbiome. We also provide information on how an altered human microbiome can lead to cancer development as well as how the microbiome can influence drug resistance and ultimately targeted therapies. This may be useful to develop alternatives for cancer treatment, i.e., future personalized medicine that can help in cases where traditional cancer treatment is unsuccessful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Mendes
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Edifício de Geociências, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Nuno Vale
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
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7
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Dahlgren D, Lennernäs H. Review on the effect of chemotherapy on the intestinal barrier: Epithelial permeability, mucus and bacterial translocation. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114644. [PMID: 37018992 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy kills fast-growing cells including gut stem cells. This affects all components of the physical and functional intestinal barrier, i.e., the mucus layer, epithelium, and immune system. This results in an altered intestinal permeability of toxic compounds (e.g., endotoxins) as well as luminal bacterial translocation into the mucosa and central circulation. However, there is uncertainty regarding the relative contributions of the different barrier components for the development of chemotherapy-induced gut toxicity. This review present an overview of the intestinal mucosal barrier determined with various types of molecular probes and methods, and how they are affected by chemotherapy based on reported rodent and human data. We conclude that there is overwhelming evidence that chemotherapy increases bacterial translocation, and that it affects the mucosal barrier by rendering the mucosa more permeable to large permeability probes. Chemotherapy also seems to impede the intestinal mucus barrier, even though this has been less clearly evaluated from a functional standpoint but certainly plays a role in bacteria translocation. Combined, it is however difficult to outline a clear temporal or succession between the different gastrointestinal events and barrier functions, especially as chemotherapy-induced neutropenia is also involved in intestinal immunological homeostasis and bacterial translocation. A thorough characterization of this would need to include a time dependent development of neutropenia, intestinal permeability, and bacterial translocation, ideally after a range of chemotherapeutics and dosing regimens.
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8
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Nobre L, Fernandes C, Florêncio K, Alencar N, Wong D, Lima-Júnior R. Could paraprobiotics be a safer alternative to probiotics for managing cancer chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal toxicities? Braz J Med Biol Res 2023; 55:e12522. [PMID: 36651453 PMCID: PMC9843735 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2022e12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical oncology has shown outstanding progress improving patient survival due to the incorporation of new drugs. However, treatment success may be reduced by the emergency of dose-limiting side effects, such as intestinal mucositis and diarrhea. Mucositis and diarrhea management is symptomatic, and there is no preventive therapy. Bacterial and fungal-based compounds have been suggested as an alternative for preventing the development of diarrhea in cancer patients. Using probiotics is safe and effective in immunocompetent individuals, but concerns remain during immunosuppressive conditions. Paraprobiotics, formulations composed of non-viable microorganisms, have been proposed to overcome such limitation. The present literature review discusses current evidence regarding the possible use of paraprobiotics as an alternative to probiotics to prevent gastrointestinal toxicity of cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L.M.S. Nobre
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - C. Fernandes
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - K.G.D. Florêncio
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - N.M.N. Alencar
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - D.V.T. Wong
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - R.C.P. Lima-Júnior
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
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9
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Pirini F, Cortesi M, Tumedei MM, Zanoni M, Ravaioli S, Bravaccini S. Tumor resident microbiota and response to therapies: An insight on tissue bacterial microbiota. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 10:1048360. [PMID: 36684442 PMCID: PMC9845623 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1048360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of the intestinal microbiota in the promotion, progression, and response to therapies is gaining importance, but recent studies confirm the presence of microbiota also in the tumor, thus becoming a component of the tumor microenvironment. There is not much knowledge on the characteristics and mechanisms of action of the tumor resident microbiota, but there are already indications of its involvement in conditioning the response to therapies. In this review, we discuss recent publications on the interaction between microbiota and anticancer treatments, mechanisms of resistance and possible strategies for manipulating the microbiota that could improve treatments in a personalized medicine perspective.
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10
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Skallsjö K, von Bültzingslöwen I, Hasséus B, Johansson JE, Öhman J, Raber-Durlacher JE, Huysmans MCDNJM, Laheij AMGA, van Leeuwen SJM, Hovan AJ, Garming Legert K, Nguyen HM, Turk PJ, Rozema FR, Blijlevens NMA, Brennan MT. Oral health in patients scheduled for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the Orastem study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285615. [PMID: 37200298 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in transplant medicine, prevalence of complications after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remains high. The impact of pre-HSCT oral health factors on the incidence and severity of complications post-HSCT is poorly understood. The aim of this prospective, observational study was to analyze oral health in patients planned for HSCT. Patients ≥18 years requiring HSCT were included from five sites between 2011-2018. General health, oral findings and patient-reported symptoms were registered in 272 patients. Oral symptoms around disease onset were reported by 43 patients (15.9%) and 153 patients (58.8%) reported oral complications during previous chemotherapy. One third of patients experienced oral symptoms at the oral examination before conditioning regimen and HSCT. In total, 124 (46.1%) patients had dental caries, 63 (29.0%) had ≥one tooth with deep periodontal pockets, 147 (75.0%) had ≥one tooth with bleeding on probing. Apical periodontitis was observed in almost 1/4 and partially impacted teeth in 17 (6.3%) patients. Oral mucosal lesions were observed in 84 patients (30.9%). A total of 45 (17.4%) of 259 patients had at least one acute issue to be managed prior to HSCT. In conclusion, oral symptoms and manifestations of oral disease were prevalent in patients planned for HSCT. The extent of oral and acute dental diseases calls for general oral screening of patients pre-HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Skallsjö
- Department of Oral medicine and Pathology, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Inger von Bültzingslöwen
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bengt Hasséus
- Department of Oral medicine and Pathology, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan-Erik Johansson
- Department of Hematology and Coagulation, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jenny Öhman
- Department of Oral medicine and Pathology, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Judith E Raber-Durlacher
- Department of Oral Medicine, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Alexa M G A Laheij
- Department of Oral Medicine, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stephanie J M van Leeuwen
- Department of Dentistry, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Allan J Hovan
- Oral Oncology and Dentistry, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Hieu M Nguyen
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Atrium Health, Charlotte, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Philip J Turk
- Department of Data Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Frederik R Rozema
- Department of Oral Medicine, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole M A Blijlevens
- Department of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael T Brennan
- Department of Oral Medicine/Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Atrium Health Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Wake Forest, North Carolina, United States of America
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11
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Spanogiannopoulos P, Kyaw TS, Guthrie BGH, Bradley PH, Lee JV, Melamed J, Malig YNA, Lam KN, Gempis D, Sandy M, Kidder W, Van Blarigan EL, Atreya CE, Venook A, Gerona RR, Goga A, Pollard KS, Turnbaugh PJ. Host and gut bacteria share metabolic pathways for anti-cancer drug metabolism. Nat Microbiol 2022; 7:1605-1620. [PMID: 36138165 PMCID: PMC9530025 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-022-01226-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals have extensive reciprocal interactions with the microbiome, but whether bacterial drug sensitivity and metabolism is driven by pathways conserved in host cells remains unclear. Here we show that anti-cancer fluoropyrimidine drugs inhibit the growth of gut bacterial strains from 6 phyla. In both Escherichia coli and mammalian cells, fluoropyrimidines disrupt pyrimidine metabolism. Proteobacteria and Firmicutes metabolized 5-fluorouracil to its inactive metabolite dihydrofluorouracil, mimicking the major host mechanism for drug clearance. The preTA operon was necessary and sufficient for 5-fluorouracil inactivation by E. coli, exhibited high catalytic efficiency for the reductive reaction, decreased the bioavailability and efficacy of oral fluoropyrimidine treatment in mice and was prevalent in the gut microbiomes of colorectal cancer patients. The conservation of both the targets and enzymes for metabolism of therapeutics across domains highlights the need to distinguish the relative contributions of human and microbial cells to drug efficacy and side-effect profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Spanogiannopoulos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Than S Kyaw
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ben G H Guthrie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Patrick H Bradley
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Joyce V Lee
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Melamed
- Clinical Toxicology and Environmental Biomonitoring Laboratory, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ysabella Noelle Amora Malig
- Clinical Toxicology and Environmental Biomonitoring Laboratory, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kathy N Lam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daryll Gempis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Moriah Sandy
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wesley Kidder
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Erin L Van Blarigan
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chloe E Atreya
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alan Venook
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Roy R Gerona
- Clinical Toxicology and Environmental Biomonitoring Laboratory, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrei Goga
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Katherine S Pollard
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Peter J Turnbaugh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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12
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Cristiano C, Cuozzo M, Coretti L, Liguori F, Cimmino F, Turco L, Avagliano C, Aviello G, Mollica M, Lembo F, Russo R. Oral sodium butyrate supplementation ameliorates paclitaxel-induced behavioral and intestinal dysfunction. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113528. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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13
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Zhu W, Wang JZ, Liu Z, Wei JF. The bacteria inside human cancer cells: Mainly as cancer promoters. Front Oncol 2022; 12:897330. [PMID: 36033476 PMCID: PMC9411745 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.897330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The roles of the microbiome in human beings have become clearer with the development of next-generation sequencing techniques. Several pieces of evidence showed strong correlations between the microbiome and human health and disease, such as metabolic disorders, infectious diseases, digestive system diseases, and cancers. Among these diverse microbiomes, the role of bacteria in human cancers, especially in cancer cells, has received extensive attention. Latest studies found that bacteria widely existed in cancers, mainly in cancer cells and immune cells. In this review, we summarize the latest advances in understanding the role of bacteria in human cancer cells. We also discuss how bacteria are transported into cancer cells and their physiological significance in cancer progression. Finally, we present the prospect of bacterial therapy in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing-Zi Wang
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhixian Liu
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ji-Fu Wei
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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14
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The effect of propolis on 5-fluorouracil-induced cardiac toxicity in rats. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8661. [PMID: 35606482 PMCID: PMC9127097 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12735-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is one of the most common chemotherapeutic agents used in treating solid tumors, and the 5-FU-induced cardiotoxicity is the second cause of cardiotoxicity induced by chemotherapeutic drugs. Propolis (Pro) has vigorous anti-inflammatory activity. Its cardio-protective characteristic against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity was previously proven. The current study aimed to appraise the effect of Pro on 5-FU-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Control, 5-FU, 5-FU + Pro 250 mg/kg, and 5-FU + Colchicine (CLC) 5 mg/kg. Different hematological, serological, biochemical, histopathological, and molecular assays were performed to assess the study’s aim. Moreover, a rat myocardium (H9C2(2–1)) cell line was also used to assess this protective effect in-vitro. 5-FU resulted in significant cardiotoxicity represented by an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression, cardiac enzyme levels, and histopathological degenerations. 5-FU treatment also decreased bodyweight, total anti-oxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT) levels, blood cell counts, and hemoglobin (Hb) levels. In addition, 5-FU disrupted ECG parameters, including increased elevation in the ST-segment and increased QRS complex and QTc duration. Treating with Pro reduced oxidative stress, cardiac enzymes, histopathological degenerations, and COX-2 expression in cardiac tissue alleviated ECG disturbances and increased the number of blood cells and TAC levels. Moreover, 5-FU-induced bodyweight loss was ameliorated after treatment with Pro. Our results demonstrated that treatment with Pro significantly improved cardiotoxicity induced by 5-FU in rats.
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15
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Secombe KR, Ball IA, Wignall AD, Bateman E, Keefe DM, Bowen JM. Antibiotic treatment targeting gram negative bacteria prevents neratinib-induced diarrhea in rats. Neoplasia 2022; 30:100806. [PMID: 35561424 PMCID: PMC9111977 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2022.100806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Neratinib is a pan-ErbB tyrosine kinase inhibitor used for extended adjuvant treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer. Diarrhea is the main adverse event associated with neratinib treatment. We aimed here to determine whether antibiotic-induced gut microbial shifts altered development of neratinib-induced diarrhea. Methods Female Albino Wistar rats (total n = 44) were given antibiotics (vancomycin, neomycin, or a cocktail of vancomycin, neomycin and ampicillin) in drinking water for four weeks, and then treated daily with neratinib (50 mg/kg) for 28 days. Diarrhea, along with markers of gastrointestinal damage and microbial alterations were measured by histopathology and 16S sequencing, respectively. Results Rats treated with vancomycin or neomycin had significantly lower levels of diarrhea than rats treated with neratinib alone. In the distal ileum, neratinib was associated with a statistically significant increase in histological damage in all treatment groups expect the antibiotic cocktail. Key features included villous blunting and fusion and some inflammatory infiltrate. Differences in microbial composition at necropsy in vehicle control, neratinib and neratinib + neomycin groups, were characterized by a neratinib-induced increase in gram-negative bacteria that was reversed by neomycin. Neomycin shifted bacterial composition so that Blautia become the dominant genus. Conclusions Narrow spectrum antibiotics reduced neratinib-induced diarrhea. This suggests that the microbiome may play a key role in the development and prolongation of diarrhea following neratinib treatment, although further research is required to understand the key bacteria and mechanisms by which they reduce diarrhea, as well as how this may impact presentation of diarrhea in clinical cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate R Secombe
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Imogen A Ball
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Anthony D Wignall
- Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, South Australia, Australia
| | - Emma Bateman
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dorothy M Keefe
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Joanne M Bowen
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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16
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Safarpour S, Safarpour S, Moghadamnia AA, Kazemi S, Ebrahimpour A, Shirafkan F, Golchoobian R. Cardioprotective effect of silymarin nanoemulsion on 5-fluorouracil-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2200060. [PMID: 35411625 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)-associated cardiotoxicity has been ranked as the second most common cause of cardiotoxicity induced by chemotherapeutic drugs after anthracyclines. In the present study, we investigated the protective impacts of silymarin (SIL) and silymarin nanoemulsion (SLN) against cardiotoxicity caused by 5-FU in rats. Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into six groups as follows: control, SLN (5 mg/kg), SIL (5 mg/kg), 5-FU + SLN, 5-FU + SIL, and 5-FU. Cardiotoxicity was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of 5-FU (100 mg/kg). The control group received an intraperitoneal injection (ip) of normal saline and the treatment groups received ips of SIL and SLN for 14 days. 5-FU resulted in significant cardiotoxicity, represented by an increase in the serum levels of cardiac enzymes and malondialdehyde, as well as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression, and histopathological degeneration. 5-FU treatment also induced a decrease in body weight, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and catalase values. Evaluation of electrocardiographic parameters in 5-FU-treated rats showed increases in the ST segment, QRS duration, and RR interval. Treatment with SIL and SLN reduced oxidative stress, cardiac enzymes, histopathological degeneration, and the expression of TNF-α and COX-2 in cardiac tissue. Our results demonstrated that treatment with SIL and SLN significantly improved cardiotoxicity induced by 5-FU in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Safarpour
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Samaneh Safarpour
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali A Moghadamnia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Sohrab Kazemi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Anahita Ebrahimpour
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shirafkan
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ravieh Golchoobian
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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17
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Colchicine Ameliorates 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6194532. [PMID: 35126817 PMCID: PMC8816577 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6194532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective. 5-Fluorouracil is one of the most common chemotherapeutic agents used in the treatment of solid tumors. 5-Fluorouracil-associated cardiotoxicity is the second cause of cardiotoxicity induced by chemotherapeutic drugs after anthracyclines. Colchicine is a strong anti-inflammatory drug used to prevent and treat acute gout and treat familial Mediterranean fever. And also, its protective effects on cardiovascular disease have been reported in various studies. The current study is aimed at appraising the effect of colchicine on 5-fluorouracil-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Methods. Twenty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups as follows: control, 5-fluorouracil, colchicine (5 mg/kg), and 5-fluorouracil+5 mg/kg colchicine. Cardiotoxicity was induced with an intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of 5-fluorouracil (100 mg/kg). The control group received normal saline, and the treatment groups received colchicine with an intraperitoneal injection for 14 days. Findings. 5-Fluorouracil resulted in significant cardiotoxicity represented by an increase in cardiac enzymes, malondialdehyde levels, cyclooxygenase-2 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression, cardiac enzymes, and histopathological degenerations. 5-Fluorouracil treatment also decreased body weight, total antioxidant capacity and catalase values, blood cells, and hemoglobin levels. In addition, 5-fluorouracil disrupted electrocardiographic parameters, including increased elevation in the ST segment and increased QRS duration. Treatment with colchicine reduced oxidative stress, cardiac enzymes, histopathological degenerations, and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in cardiac tissue, improved electrocardiographic disorders, and enhanced the number of blood cells and total antioxidant capacity levels. Moreover, body weight loss was hampered after treatment with colchicine. Our results demonstrated that treatment with colchicine significantly improved cardiotoxicity induced by 5-fluorouracil in rats.
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18
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Li Q, Tong Y, Wang H, Ren J, Liu S, Liu T, Qu K, Liu C, Zhang J. Origin of Sepsis Associated with the Short-Term Mortality of Patients: A Retrospective Study Using the eICU Collaborative Research Database. Int J Gen Med 2022; 14:10293-10301. [PMID: 34992444 PMCID: PMC8714464 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s345050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the clinical characteristics and short-term mortality of patients with abdominal and pulmonary sepsis. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Adult intensive care units (ICUs) at tertiary hospitals. PARTICIPANTS Adult ICU patients from 2014 to 2015 in the eICU Collaborative Research Database. INTERVENTIONS In univariate analysis, we compared the differences in the characteristics of patients in each group. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the relationships between primary site of sepsis and short-term prognosis. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Hospital and ICU survival. RESULTS The final dataset included 7023 pulmonary and 2360 abdominal sepsis patients, who accounted for 74.84% and 25.16%, respectively. We compared the results of the baseline characteristics, vital signs and laboratory indicators between the two groups. In the logistic regression models, we found that the hospital and ICU mortality of patients with abdominal sepsis was higher than that with pulmonary sepsis (p < 0.05, OR = 1.15, p < 0.05, OR = 1.19, respectively), although these results were no longer significantly after adjustment for confounders, but in the subgroups with SOFA score ≧ 8, the adjusted hospital mortality rate of patients with abdominal sepsis was 1.30 times higher than that of patients with pulmonary sepsis (p < 0.005, OR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.09-1.55), while there was no significant difference in the subgroups that SOFA score < 8. CONCLUSION In the patients with SOFA score ≧ 8, the adjusted hospital mortality of patients with abdominal sepsis was higher than patients with pulmonary sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglin Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingmu Tong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Ren
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Sinan Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China.,Department of SICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Qu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China.,Department of SICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyao Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China.,Department of SICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
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Safarpour S, Pirzadeh M, Ebrahimpour A, Shirafkan F, Madani F, Hosseini M, Moghadamnia AA, Kazemi S. Protective Effect of Kaempferol and Its Nanoparticles on 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:2273000. [PMID: 35198633 PMCID: PMC8858719 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2273000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fluorouracil (5-FU) is the third most common chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of solid tumors. 5-FU-associated cardiotoxicity ranks the second causes of cardiotoxicity induced by chemotherapeutic drugs after anthracyclines. Kaempferol (KPF), a common flavonoid, possessing anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, antioxidative properties, and its protective effects on cardiovascular disease has been reported in various studies. The current study is aimed at appraising the effect of KPF and KPF nanoparticles (NPs) on 5-FU-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. METHODS Thirty Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups as follows: control, 5-FU, 5-FU+10 mg/kg vitamin C, 5-FU+ 1 mg/kg KPF, and 5-FU+ 1 mg/kg KPF-NPs. Cardiotoxicity was induced with an intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of 5-FU (100 mg/kg). The control group received normal saline, and the treatment groups received KPF and KPF-NPs with an intraperitoneal injection for 14 days. Each heart histopathological lesions were given a score of 0 to 3 in compliance with the articles for statistical analysis. RESULTS 5-FU resulted in a significant cardiotoxicity represented by an increase in cardiac enzymes, MDA (malondialdehyde) levels, COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) expression, and histopathological degenerations. 5-FU treatment also decreased body weight, TAC (total antioxidant capacity) values, VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) expression, blood cells, and hemoglobin (Hb) levels. Treatment with KPF and KPF-NPs reduced oxidative stress, cardiac enzymes, COX-2 expression, and VEGF expression. The number of blood cells, Hb levels, and histopathological degenerations, in cardiac tissue also body weight of animals, increased, followed by treatment with KPF and KPF-NPs. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that treatment with KPF and KPF-NPs significantly improved cardiotoxicity induced by 5-FU in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Safarpour
- 1Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- 2Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Marzieh Pirzadeh
- 1Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Anahita Ebrahimpour
- 3Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shirafkan
- 3Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Fateme Madani
- 1Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosseini
- 4Department of Veterinary Pathology, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Moghadamnia
- 3Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Sohrab Kazemi
- 3Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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20
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To study the contributing factors and outcomes of Clostridioides difficile infection in patients with solid tumors. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08450. [PMID: 34926847 PMCID: PMC8646976 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a considerable healthcare burden, and now identified as the leading cause of acquired diarrheal illness in patients receiving antibiotics. Patients with malignancies are more prone to acquire CDI, owing to their frequent exposure to risk factors. Objective This study aims to investigate the factors affecting the outcome of Clostridioides Difficile Infection in patients with solid tumors at our community healthcare center. Methods This is a retrospective study that included a total of 59 patients with solid tumors who were hospitalized for Clostridioides difficile infection. Results The median age of the study population was 79 years with 39 males and 20 females. The patients had a diagnosis of a malignancy involving the following sites: prostate (25), lung (19), colon (7), bladder (4), breast (3), and renal (1). There were 52 cases of first time and 7 cases of recurrent CDI admissions. 40 patients were detected to have CDI at presentation while 19 patients were diagnosed with CDI after admission. CDI was categorized as follows: non-severe (29), severe (28), and very severe (2). There were 33 patients on chemotherapy and 20 patients undergoing radiotherapy. Twenty-seven patients had a recent history of cancer care-related procedures or interventions. Twenty-nine patients were from either a rehabilitation center or a long-term nursing care facility. There were 39 recent hospitalizations with 29 patients receiving antibiotics. Almost half of the patients were on proton pump inhibitors (29) and 12 were on steroids (20.3%) at the time of developing CDI. Patients with a high-risk qSOFA score of 2 or more (p-value = 0.008) or a high white blood cell count of >15 × 109/L (p-value = 0.016) at the time of admission were found to have higher in-hospital mortality. Critical care data suggested that 9 patients required intensive care, 7 patients required vasopressor support, and 6 needed mechanical ventilation. Patients were treated with either vancomycin alone (13), or metronidazole alone (25), or combination therapy with vancomycin + metronidazole (21). The median duration of hospital stay was 6 days with 11 fatalities (18.64%). Conclusions CDI causes significant morbidity in patients with malignancies. A high qSOFA score and leukocytosis are significantly associated with high morbidity and thus should be used to prioritize and intensify inpatient care of these patients.
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21
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Cullin N, Azevedo Antunes C, Straussman R, Stein-Thoeringer CK, Elinav E. Microbiome and cancer. Cancer Cell 2021; 39:1317-1341. [PMID: 34506740 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The human microbiome constitutes a complex multikingdom community that symbiotically interacts with the host across multiple body sites. Host-microbiome interactions impact multiple physiological processes and a variety of multifactorial disease conditions. In the past decade, microbiome communities have been suggested to influence the development, progression, metastasis formation, and treatment response of multiple cancer types. While causal evidence of microbial impacts on cancer biology is only beginning to be unraveled, enhanced molecular understanding of such cancer-modulating interactions and impacts on cancer treatment are considered of major scientific importance and clinical relevance. In this review, we describe the molecular pathogenic mechanisms shared throughout microbial niches that contribute to the initiation and progression of cancer. We highlight advances, limitations, challenges, and prospects in understanding how the microbiome may causally impact cancer and its treatment responsiveness, and how microorganisms or their secreted bioactive metabolites may be potentially harnessed and targeted as precision cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyssa Cullin
- Microbiome and Cancer Division, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Camila Azevedo Antunes
- Microbiome and Cancer Division, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ravid Straussman
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Christoph K Stein-Thoeringer
- Microbiome and Cancer Division, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Eran Elinav
- Microbiome and Cancer Division, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel.
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A Perspective on the Role of Microbiome for Colorectal Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184623. [PMID: 34572850 PMCID: PMC8468110 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Colorectal cancer is the third most diagnosed cancer worldwide and contributes significantly to global mortality and morbidity. The gut microbiome, composed of the trillions of microbes endemic to the human gastrointestinal tract, has been shown to be implicated in colorectal cancer oncogenesis; however, the roles of microbiota and dysbiosis in CRC treatment remain poorly understood. This review sought to characterize this relationship and in doing so, identify how these interactions may inform future treatments in the form of synbiotics designed to alter the host microbiota to achieve optimized treatment outcomes. Abstract In healthy hosts, trillions of microbes colonise the gut and oral cavity in a well-balanced state, maintaining a mutually beneficial relationship. Loss of this balance, termed dysbiosis, is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the roles of microbiota and dysbiosis in CRC treatment remain poorly understood. Recent studies suggest that the gut microbiota has the ability to affect the host response to chemotherapeutic agents by enhancing drug efficacy, promoting chemoresistance and mediating chemotherapy-induced toxicity and side effects via a variety of mechanisms. Several other studies have also proposed manipulation of the microbiota to optimise CRC treatment. In this review, we summarise the current advancement of knowledge on how microbiota and CRC treatments interact with each other and how this interaction may shed some light on the development of personalised microbiota manipulations that improve CRC treatment outcomes.
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Secombe KR, Van Sebille YZA, Mayo BJ, Coller JK, Gibson RJ, Bowen JM. Diarrhea Induced by Small Molecule Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Compared With Chemotherapy: Potential Role of the Microbiome. Integr Cancer Ther 2021; 19:1534735420928493. [PMID: 32493068 PMCID: PMC7273583 DOI: 10.1177/1534735420928493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Small molecule receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (SM-TKIs) are among a group of
targeted cancer therapies, intended to be more specific to cancer cells compared
with treatments, such as chemotherapy, hence reducing adverse events.
Unfortunately, many patients report high levels of diarrhea, the pathogenesis of
which remains under investigation. In this article, we compare the current state
of knowledge of the pathogenesis of chemotherapy-induced diarrhea (CID) in
comparison to SM-TKI–induced diarrhea, and investigate how a similar research
approach in both areas may be beneficial. To this end, we review evidence that
both treatment modalities may interact with the gut microbiome, and as such the
microbiome should be investigated for its ability to reduce the risk of
diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate R Secombe
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ysabella Z A Van Sebille
- UniSA Online, Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Bronwen J Mayo
- Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, South Australia, Australia
| | - Janet K Coller
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Rachel J Gibson
- School of Allied Health Science and Practice, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Joanne M Bowen
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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24
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Nordström EA, Teixeira C, Montelius C, Jeppsson B, Larsson N. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299v (LP299V ®): three decades of research. Benef Microbes 2021; 12:441-465. [PMID: 34365915 DOI: 10.3920/bm2020.0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the in vitro, animal, and clinical studies with the bacterial strain Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299v (L. plantarum 299v; formerly named Lactobacillus plantarum 299v) published up until June 30, 2020. L. plantarum 299v is the most documented L. plantarum strain in the world, described in over 170 scientific publications out of which more than 60 are human clinical studies. The genome sequence of L. plantarum 299v has been determined and is available in the public domain (GenBank Accession number: NZ_LEAV01000004). The probiotic strain L. plantarum 299v was isolated from healthy human intestinal mucosa three decades ago by scientists at Lund University, Sweden. Thirty years later, a wealth of data coming from in vitro, animal, and clinical studies exist, showing benefits primarily for gastrointestinal health, such as reduced flatulence and abdominal pain in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Moreover, several clinical studies have shown positive effects of L. plantarum 299v on iron absorption and more recently also on iron status. L. plantarum 299v is safe for human consumption and does not confer antibiotic resistance. It survives the harsh conditions of the human gastrointestinal tract, adheres to mannose residues on the intestinal epithelial cells and has in some cases been re-isolated more than ten days after administration ceased. Besides studying health benefits, research groups around the globe have investigated L. plantarum 299v in a range of applications and processes. L. plantarum 299v is used in many different food applications as well as in various dietary supplements. In a freeze-dried format, L. plantarum 299v is robust and stable at room temperature, enabling long shelf-lives of consumer healthcare products such as capsules, tablets, or powder sachets. The strain is patent protected for a wide range of indications and applications worldwide as well as trademarked as LP299V®.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C Teixeira
- Probi AB, Ideongatan 1A, 22370 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - B Jeppsson
- Department of Surgery, Lund University, Universitetssjukhuset, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - N Larsson
- Probi AB, Ideongatan 1A, 22370 Lund, Sweden
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25
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Schubert ML, Rohrbach R, Schmitt M, Stein-Thoeringer CK. The Potential Role of the Intestinal Micromilieu and Individual Microbes in the Immunobiology of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:670286. [PMID: 34135898 PMCID: PMC8200823 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.670286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular immunotherapy with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells (CARTs) represents a breakthrough in the treatment of hematologic malignancies. CARTs are genetically engineered hybrid receptors that combine antigen-specificity of monoclonal antibodies with T cell function to direct patient-derived T cells to kill malignant cells expressing the target (tumor) antigen. CARTs have been introduced into clinical medicine as CD19-targeted CARTs for refractory and relapsed B cell malignancies. Despite high initial response rates, current CART therapies are limited by a long-term loss of antitumor efficacy, the occurrence of toxicities, and the lack of biomarkers for predicting therapy and toxicity outcomes. In the past decade, the gut microbiome of mammals has been extensively studied and evidence is accumulating that human health, apart from our own genome, largely depends on microbes that are living in and on the human body. The microbiome encompasses more than 1000 bacterial species who collectively encode a metagenome that guides multifaceted, bidirectional host-microbiome interactions, primarily through the action of microbial metabolites. Increasing knowledge has been accumulated on the role of the gut microbiome in T cell-driven anticancer immunotherapy. It has been shown that antibiotics, dietary components and gut microbes reciprocally affect the efficacy and toxicity of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo HCT) as the prototype of T cell-based immunotherapy for hematologic malignancies, and that microbiome diversity metrics can predict clinical outcomes of allo HCTs. In this review, we will provide a comprehensive overview of the principles of CD19-CART immunotherapy and major aspects of the gut microbiome and its modulators that impact antitumor T cell transfer therapies. We will outline i) the extrinsic and intrinsic variables that can contribute to the complex interaction of the gut microbiome and host in CART immunotherapy, including ii) antibiotic administration affecting loss of colonization resistance, expansion of pathobionts and disturbed mucosal and immunological homeostasis, and ii) the role of specific gut commensals and their microbial virulence factors in host immunity and inflammation. Although the role of the gut microbiome in CART immunotherapy has only been marginally explored so far, this review may open a new chapter and views on putative connections and mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Luisa Schubert
- Klinik fuer Haematologie, Onkologie und Rheumatologie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roman Rohrbach
- Research Division Microbiome and Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Schmitt
- Klinik fuer Haematologie, Onkologie und Rheumatologie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph K Stein-Thoeringer
- Research Division Microbiome and Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Klinik fuer Medizinische Onkologie, Nationales Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
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26
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Lin CW, Chen YT, Ho HH, Hsieh PS, Kuo YW, Lin JH, Liu CR, Huang YF, Chen CW, Hsu CH, Lin WY, Yang SF. Lozenges with probiotic strains enhance oral immune response and health. Oral Dis 2021; 28:1723-1732. [PMID: 33749084 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Probiotics participate in regulating oral microbiota and reducing the prevalence of oral diseases; however, clinical research on probiotics is insufficient. Therefore, in this study, we performed in vitro screening of potential oral protective probiotic strains and then evaluated the clinical efficacy of the selected strains on maintaining oral health. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty healthy individuals were recruited and randomly assigned into the placebo group and probiotics group, which included three strains of probiotics, Lactobacillus salivarius subs. salicinius AP-32, Lactobacillus paracasei ET-66, and Lactobacillus plantarum LPL28. Each group was blindly administered placebo or probiotics for four weeks. RESULTS Next-generation sequencing results showed that the oral microbiota of Lactobacillus salivarius in the oral cavity were significantly increased in subjects supplemented with mixed probiotic lozenges. The anti-bacterial activities of viable probiotics were observed within two weeks. Both IgA levels and Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium abundances in the oral cavity were significantly increased in the experimental groups, along with a reduced formation of plaque. Most participants reported that their oral health conditions and intestinal symptoms had improved. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our clinical study suggests that oral probiotic lozenges may enhance oral immunity, modulate oral microbiota, and improve oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Wen Lin
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tzu Chen
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsieh-Hsun Ho
- Research and Development Department, Bioflag Biotech Co., Ltd, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Shan Hsieh
- Research and Development Department, Bioflag Biotech Co., Ltd, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wei Kuo
- Research and Development Department, Bioflag Biotech Co., Ltd, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Hung Lin
- Research and Development Department, Bioflag Biotech Co., Ltd, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ruei Liu
- Research and Development Department, Bioflag Biotech Co., Ltd, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fen Huang
- Research and Development Department, Bioflag Biotech Co., Ltd, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wei Chen
- Research and Development Department, Bioflag Biotech Co., Ltd, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hung Hsu
- Research and Development Department, Bioflag Biotech Co., Ltd, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yang Lin
- Research and Development Department, Bioflag Biotech Co., Ltd, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Ghidini M, Nicoletti M, Ratti M, Tomasello G, Lonati V, Ghilardi M, Parati MC, Borgonovo K, Cabiddu M, Petrelli F. Lactobacillus Kefiri LKF01 (Kefibios ®) for Prevention of Diarrhoea in Cancer Patients Treated with Chemotherapy: A Prospective Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020385. [PMID: 33513713 PMCID: PMC7912053 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diarrhoea is one of the main side effects that cancer patients face. The literature showsthat the incidence of chemotherapy (CT)-induced diarrhoea (grade 3–4) in treated patients is in the range of 10–20%, particularly after 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) bolus or some combination therapies of irinotecan and fluoropyrimidines. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of Lactobacillus kefiri LKF01 (Kefibios®) in the prevention or treatment of CT-related diarrhoea in the cancer population. We conducted a prospective observational study. Patients enrolled were adults treated for at least four months with 5-FU-based CT. Kefibios® was administered to patients every day. The primary outcome was the evaluation of the incidence of grade 3–4 CT-induced diarrhoea. We included 76 patients in the final analysis. A 6.6% incidence of high-grade diarrhoea was found in the evaluated population (4.7% of patients treated with 5-FU-based therapy and 8.5% of patients treated with capecitabine-based CT). The overall incidence of high-grade diarrhoea observed was higher in the 1st and 2nd cycles (3.9%), with a subsequent sharp reduction from the 3rd cycle (1.3%) and negativisation from the 5th cycle. Lactobacillus kefiri LKF01 (Kefibios®) is safe and effective in preventing severe diarrhoea in cancer patients receiving 5-FU or capecitabine-based treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Ghidini
- Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.G.); (G.T.)
| | | | | | - Gianluca Tomasello
- Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.G.); (G.T.)
| | - Veronica Lonati
- Oncology Unit, ASST Bergamo Ovest, 24047 Treviglio, Italy; (V.L.); (M.G.); (M.C.P.); (K.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Mara Ghilardi
- Oncology Unit, ASST Bergamo Ovest, 24047 Treviglio, Italy; (V.L.); (M.G.); (M.C.P.); (K.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Maria Chiara Parati
- Oncology Unit, ASST Bergamo Ovest, 24047 Treviglio, Italy; (V.L.); (M.G.); (M.C.P.); (K.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Karen Borgonovo
- Oncology Unit, ASST Bergamo Ovest, 24047 Treviglio, Italy; (V.L.); (M.G.); (M.C.P.); (K.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Mary Cabiddu
- Oncology Unit, ASST Bergamo Ovest, 24047 Treviglio, Italy; (V.L.); (M.G.); (M.C.P.); (K.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Fausto Petrelli
- Oncology Unit, ASST Bergamo Ovest, 24047 Treviglio, Italy; (V.L.); (M.G.); (M.C.P.); (K.B.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0363424420; Fax: +39-0363424380
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28
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Bidirectional and dynamic interaction between the microbiota and therapeutic resistance in pancreatic cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1875:188484. [PMID: 33246025 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is one of the most lethal malignancies and is known for its high resistance and low response to treatment. Cancer treatments can reshape the microbiota and in turn, the microbiota influences the therapeutic efficacy by regulating immune response and metabolism. This crosstalk is bidirectional, heterogeneous, and dynamic. In this review, we elaborated on the interactions between the microbiota and therapeutic resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Regulating the microbiota in pancreatic tumor microenvironment may not only generate direct anti-cancer but also synergistic effects with other treatments, providing new directions in cancer therapy.
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Menezes-Garcia Z, Do Nascimento Arifa RD, Acúrcio L, Brito CB, Gouvea JO, Lima RL, Bastos RW, Fialho Dias AC, Antunes Dourado LP, Bastos LFS, Queiroz-Júnior CM, Igídio CED, Bezerra RDO, Vieira LQ, Nicoli JR, Teixeira MM, Fagundes CT, Souza DG. Colonization by Enterobacteriaceae is crucial for acute inflammatory responses in murine small intestine via regulation of corticosterone production. Gut Microbes 2020; 11:1531-1546. [PMID: 32573321 PMCID: PMC7524327 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1765946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although dysbiosis in the gut microbiota is known to be involved in several inflammatory diseases, whether any specific bacterial taxa control host response to inflammatory stimuli is still elusive. Here, we hypothesized that dysbiotic indigenous taxa could be involved in modulating host response to inflammatory triggers. To test this hypothesis, we conducted experiments in germ-free (GF) mice and in mice colonized with dysbiotic taxa identified in conventional (CV) mice subjected to chemotherapy-induced mucositis. First, we report that the absence of microbiota decreased inflammation and damage in the small intestine after administration of the chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Also, 5-FU induced a shift in CV microbiota resulting in higher amounts of Enterobacteriaceae, including E. coli, in feces and small intestine and tissue damage. Prevention of Enterobacteriaceae outgrowth by treating mice with ciprofloxacin resulted in diminished 5-FU-induced tissue damage, indicating that this bacterial group is necessary for 5-FU-induced inflammatory response. In addition, monocolonization of germ-free (GF) mice with E. coli led to reversal of the protective phenotype during 5-FU chemotherapy. E. coli monocolonization decreased the basal plasma corticosterone levels and blockade of glucocorticoid receptor in GF mice restored inflammation upon 5-FU treatment. In contrast, treatment of CV mice with ciprofloxacin, that presented reduction of Enterobacteriaceae and E. coli content, induced an increase in corticosterone levels. Altogether, these findings demonstrate that Enterobacteriaceae outgrowth during dysbiosis impacts inflammation and tissue injury in the small intestine. Importantly, indigenous Enterobacteriaceae modulates host production of the anti-inflammatory steroid corticosterone and, consequently, controls inflammatory responsiveness in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zélia Menezes-Garcia
- Departament of Microbiology, Universidade Federal De Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo Acúrcio
- Departament of Microbiology, Universidade Federal De Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Camila Bernardo Brito
- Departament of Microbiology, Universidade Federal De Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Júlia Oliveira Gouvea
- Departament of Microbiology, Universidade Federal De Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Renata Lacerda Lima
- Departament of Microbiology, Universidade Federal De Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rafael Wesley Bastos
- Departament of Microbiology, Universidade Federal De Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Fialho Dias
- Departament of Microbiology, Universidade Federal De Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil,Departament of Biochemistry and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Leandro F. S. Bastos
- Departament of Biochemistry and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Leda Q. Vieira
- Departament of Biochemistry and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jacques R. Nicoli
- Departament of Microbiology, Universidade Federal De Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Departament of Biochemistry and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Caio T. Fagundes
- Departament of Microbiology, Universidade Federal De Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil,Caio T. Fagundes Departamento De Microbiologia, Instituto De Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal De Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais6627, Brazil
| | - Daniele G. Souza
- Departament of Microbiology, Universidade Federal De Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil,CONTACT Daniele G. Souza
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Farshi Radvar F, Mohammad-Zadeh M, Mahdavi R, Andersen V, Nasirimotlagh B, Faramarzi E, Lotfi Yagin N. Effect of synbiotic supplementation on matrix metalloproteinase enzymes, quality of life and dietary intake and weight changes in rectal cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2020. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-200413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Probiotic/synbiotic has the important role of in altering intestinal bacteria, reducing inflammation and improvement of intestinal diseases. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the effect of synbiotic supplementation on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) enzymes, hs-CRP, quality of life, dietary intake and weight changes in rectal cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT). METHODS: In this study, 46 rectal cancer patients were recruited. Patients were allocated to the synbiotic (n = 23) group or placebo groups (n = 23) receiving 2 synbiotic or placebo capsules for six weeks. Anthropometric measurements, quality of life, dietary intakes, and serum levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, and hs-CRP were compared before and after intervention with the use of statistical tests. RESULTS: The mean energy, carbohydrate, and protein intake of patients increased in the synbiotic group, while in the placebo group, post intervention, significant reduction was noticed in these parameters (P < 0.05). Synbiotic supplementation caused improvement in global health status, symptom scale scores and scores of functional scale. At the end of intervention, the elevation in hs-CRP, MMP-2, and MMP-9 levels in the placebo group was approximately two and four times higher than the synbiotic group respectively. CONCLUSION: According to our results, synbiotic supplementation may be helpful in cancer patients undergoing CRT. However, further studies must consider synbiotic as a new complementary treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Mohammad-Zadeh
- Radiotherapy Department Shahid Madani University hospital Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Mahdavi
- Nutrition Research Centre of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vibeke Andersen
- Organ Center, Hospital of Southern Jutland, 6200 Aabenraa, Denmark
| | - Behnam Nasirimotlagh
- Radiotherapy Department Shahid Madani University Hospital Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elnaz Faramarzi
- Liver & Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Centre of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Tabriz, Iran
| | - Neda Lotfi Yagin
- Nutrition Research Centre of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Tabriz, Iran
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Batista VL, da Silva TF, de Jesus LCL, Coelho-Rocha ND, Barroso FAL, Tavares LM, Azevedo V, Mancha-Agresti P, Drumond MM. Probiotics, Prebiotics, Synbiotics, and Paraprobiotics as a Therapeutic Alternative for Intestinal Mucositis. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:544490. [PMID: 33042054 PMCID: PMC7527409 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.544490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal mucositis, a cytotoxic side effect of the antineoplastic drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), is characterized by ulceration, inflammation, diarrhea, and intense abdominal pain, making it an important issue for clinical medicine. Given the seriousness of the problem, therapeutic alternatives have been sought as a means to ameliorate, prevent, and treat this condition. Among the alternatives available to address this side effect of treatment with 5-FU, the most promising has been the use of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and paraprobiotics. This review addresses the administration of these "biotics" as a therapeutic alternative for intestinal mucositis caused by 5-FU. It describes the effects and benefits related to their use as well as their potential for patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Lima Batista
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular (LGCM), Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Tales Fernando da Silva
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular (LGCM), Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luís Cláudio Lima de Jesus
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular (LGCM), Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Nina Dias Coelho-Rocha
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular (LGCM), Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Alvarenga Lima Barroso
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular (LGCM), Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Laisa Macedo Tavares
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular (LGCM), Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular (LGCM), Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Pamela Mancha-Agresti
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular (LGCM), Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Faculdade de Minas, FAMINAS-BH, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mariana Martins Drumond
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular (LGCM), Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais (CEFET/MG), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Microbiota Modulates the Immunomodulatory Effects of Filifolinone on Atlantic Salmon. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8091320. [PMID: 32872599 PMCID: PMC7564783 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Filifolinone is an aromatic geranyl derivative, a natural compound isolated from Heliotropum sclerocarpum, which has immunomodulatory effects on Atlantic salmon, upregulating cytokines involved in Th1-type responses through a mechanism that remains unknown. In this work, we determined whether the immunomodulatory effects of filifolinone depend on the host microbiotic composition. We evaluated the effect of filifolinone on immune genes and intestinal microbiotic composition of normal fish and fish previously treated with bacitracin/neomycin. Filifolinone induced the early expression of IFN-α1 and TGF-β, followed by the induction of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IFN-γ. A pre-treatment with antibiotics modified this effect, mainly changing the expression of IL-1β and IFN-γ. The evaluation of microbial diversity shows that filifolinone modifies the composition of intestinal microbiota, increasing the abundance of immunostimulating organisms like yeast and firmicutes. We identified 69 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) associated with filifolinone-induced IFN-γ. Our results indicate that filifolinone stimulates the immune system in two ways, one dependent on fish microbiota and the other not. To our knowledge, this is the first report of microbiota-dependent immunostimulation in Salmonids.
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Yeung CY, Chiang Chiau JS, Cheng ML, Chan WT, Chang SW, Chang YH, Jiang CB, Lee HC. Modulations of probiotics on gut microbiota in a 5-fluorouracil-induced mouse model of mucositis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 35:806-814. [PMID: 31674687 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Intestinal mucositis remained one of the most deleterious complications in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. 5-FU treatment was reported to affect the abundance of gut microbiota and cause mucositis, which might be ameliorated by probiotics. We investigate the potential changes of 5-FU treatment and the modulations of probiotics on gut microbiota in a mouse model. METHODS Male BALB/c mice received either 5-FU or saline (S). They were separated and fed saline, Lactobacillus casei variety rhamnosus (Lcr) and Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (BG). Lcr and BG were simultaneously administered with 5-FU for 5 days. Stool specimens were collected for DNA extraction and pyrosequenced for bioinformatic analysis. RESULTS Fecal microbial communities were obviously diverse. Bacteroides and Bacteroidaceae were the most abundant microbiota in FU.BG group while S24_7 was the most in S.S group. At phylum and class levels, abundances of Betaproteobacteria, Erysipelotrichi, Gammaproteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia were significantly increased in the FU groups. Probiotics supplementation did increase the abundances of Enterobacteriales and Turicibacterales. We demonstrated that probiotics did modulate the abundance and diversity of gut microbiota. Bacterial motility proteins were found enriched and upregulated in the S.BG group. No mortality was noted. No bacterial translocation was found in spleen and blood among the six groups. CONCLUSION Gut microbiota of mice undergoing chemotherapy exhibited a distinct disruption in bacterial composition. Probiotic did modulate the abundance and diversity of gut microbiota. This is the first study to analyze the effects and safety of Lactobacillus strains on 5-FU-induced mucositis systematically and assess changes in the intestinal microbiota after probiotic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yan Yeung
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | | | - Mei-Lein Cheng
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wai-Tao Chan
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Wen Chang
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hao Chang
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Bin Jiang
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chang Lee
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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Nakamura K, Tonouchi H, Sasayama A, Yamaji T, Ashida K. Nutritional treatment with an immune-modulating enteral formula alleviates 5-fluorouracil-induced adverse effects in rats. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225389. [PMID: 31770400 PMCID: PMC6879153 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer chemotherapy is frequently accompanied by adverse effects, such as diarrhoea and leukopenia, which lead to malnutrition and a decrease in the patients’ quality of life. We previously demonstrated that an immune-modulating formula (IMF)—an enteral formula enriched with immunonutrients, whey-hydrolysed peptides, and fermented milk—had anti-inflammatory effects and protective effects on intestinal disorders in some experimental models. Here, we investigated whether nutritional treatment with the IMF could prevent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced adverse effects in rats. Rats were randomised into CTR and IMF groups, which received a control formula or the IMD supplemented formula ad libitum. Two weeks after starting the formula, rats were intraperitoneally injected with 5-FU (300 mg/kg) on day 0. The treatment with 5-FU decreased their body weights, food intake, and leukocyte counts, and worsened the diarrhoea score. However, the body weights, food intake, and leukocyte counts were significantly higher in the IMF rats than in the CTR rats on day 1. The IMF also delayed the incidence of diarrhoea and significantly preserved the villus heights in the jejunum on day 2. In conclusion, nutritional treatment with the IMF alleviated the adverse effects induced by 5-FU injection in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Nakamura
- Nutrition Research Department, Food Microbiology & Function Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co., Ltd., Hachiouji, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Hidekazu Tonouchi
- Nutrition Research Department, Food Microbiology & Function Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co., Ltd., Hachiouji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akina Sasayama
- Nutrition Research Department, Food Microbiology & Function Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co., Ltd., Hachiouji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taketo Yamaji
- Nutrition Research Department, Food Microbiology & Function Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co., Ltd., Hachiouji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kinya Ashida
- Nutrition Research Department, Food Microbiology & Function Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co., Ltd., Hachiouji, Tokyo, Japan
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Laheij AMGA, Raber-Durlacher JE, Koppelmans RGA, Huysmans MCDNJM, Potting C, van Leeuwen SJM, Hazenberg MD, Brennan MT, von Bültzingslöwen I, Johansson JE, de Soet JJ, Haverman TM, Buijs MJ, Brandt BW, Rozema FR, Blijlevens NMA, Zaura E. Microbial changes in relation to oral mucositis in autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16929. [PMID: 31729407 PMCID: PMC6858439 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53073-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this prospective, two center study was to investigate the dynamics of the microbial changes in relation to the development of ulcerative oral mucositis in autologous SCT (autoSCT) recipients. Fifty-one patients were diagnosed with multiple myeloma and treated with high-dose melphalan followed by autoSCT. They were evaluated before, three times weekly during hospitalization, and three months after autoSCT. At each time point an oral rinse was collected and the presence or absence of ulcerative oral mucositis (UOM) was scored (WHO scale). Oral microbiome was determined by using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and fungal load by qPCR. Twenty patients (39%) developed UOM. The oral microbiome changed significantly after autoSCT and returned to pre-autoSCT composition after three months. However, changes in microbial diversity and similarity were more pronounced and rapid in patients who developed UOM compared to patients who did not. Already before autoSCT, different taxa discriminated between the 2 groups, suggesting microbially-driven risk factors. Samples with high fungal load (>0.1%) had a significantly different microbial profile from samples without fungi. In conclusion, autoSCT induced significant and reversible changes in the oral microbiome, while patients who did not develop ulcerative oral mucositis had a more resilient microbial ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa M G A Laheij
- Department of Oral Medicine, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Judith E Raber-Durlacher
- Department of Oral Medicine, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Renée G A Koppelmans
- Department of Oral Medicine, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Carin Potting
- Department of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Mette D Hazenberg
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael T Brennan
- Department of Oral Medicine, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, United States of America
| | | | - Jan-Erik Johansson
- Department of Hematology and Coagulation, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johannes J de Soet
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thijs M Haverman
- Department of Oral Medicine, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark J Buijs
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bernd W Brandt
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik R Rozema
- Department of Oral Medicine, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nicole M A Blijlevens
- Department of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Egija Zaura
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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36
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Chemotherapy-induced neuroinflammation is associated with disrupted colonic and bacterial homeostasis in female mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16490. [PMID: 31712703 PMCID: PMC6848141 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52893-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy treatment negatively affects the nervous and immune systems and alters gastrointestinal function and microbial composition. Outside of the cancer field, alterations in commensal bacteria and immune function have been implicated in behavioral deficits; however, the extent to which intestinal changes are related to chemotherapy-associated behavioral comorbidities is not yet known. Thus, this study identified concurrent changes in behavior, central and peripheral immune activation, colon histology, and bacterial community structure in mice treated with paclitaxel chemotherapy. In paclitaxel-treated mice, increased fatigue and decreased cognitive performance occurred in parallel with reduced microglia immunoreactivity, increased circulating chemokine expression (CXCL1), as well as transient increases in pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine (Il-1β, Tnfα, Il-6, and Cxcl1) gene expression in the brain. Furthermore, mice treated with paclitaxel had altered colonic bacterial community composition and increased crypt depth. Relative abundances of multiple bacterial taxa were associated with paclitaxel-induced increases in colon mass, spleen mass, and microglia activation. Although microbial community composition was not directly related to available brain or behavioral measures, structural differences in colonic tissue were strongly related to microglia activation in the dentate gyrus and the prefrontal cortex. These data indicate that the chemotherapeutic paclitaxel concurrently affects the gut microbiome, colonic tissue integrity, microglia activation, and fatigue in female mice, thus identifying a novel relationship between colonic tissue integrity and behavioral responses that is not often assessed in studies of the brain-gut-microbiota axis.
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37
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Carvalho R, Vaz A, Pereira FL, Dorella F, Aguiar E, Chatel JM, Bermudez L, Langella P, Fernandes G, Figueiredo H, Goes-Neto A, Azevedo V. Gut microbiome modulation during treatment of mucositis with the dairy bacterium Lactococcus lactis and recombinant strain secreting human antimicrobial PAP. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15072. [PMID: 30305667 PMCID: PMC6180057 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33469-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucositis is an inflammatory condition of the gut, caused by an adverse effect of chemotherapy drugs, such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). In an attempt to develop alternative treatments for the disease, several research groups have proposed the use of probiotics, in particular, Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB). In this context, the use of recombinant LAB, for delivering anti-inflammatory compounds has also been explored. In previous work, we demonstrated that either Lactococcus lactis NZ9000 or a recombinant strain expressing an antimicrobial peptide involved in human gut homeostasis, the Pancreatitis-associated Protein (PAP), could ameliorate 5-FU-induced mucositis in mice. However, the impact of these strains on the gut microbiota still needs to be elucidated. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to characterize the effects of both Lactococci strains in the gut microbiome of mice through a 16 S rRNA gene sequencing metagenomic approach. Our data show 5-FU caused a significant decrease in protective bacteria and increase of several bacteria associated with pro-inflammatory traits. The Lactococci strains were shown to reduce several potential opportunistic microbes, while PAP delivery was able to suppress the growth of Enterobacteriaceae during inflammation. We conclude the strain secreting antimicrobial PAP was more effective in the control of 5-FU-dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Carvalho
- Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG-ICB), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Aline Vaz
- Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG-ICB), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Dorella
- Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG-ICB), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Eric Aguiar
- Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Jean-Marc Chatel
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Luis Bermudez
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Philippe Langella
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Gabriel Fernandes
- Fiocruz - Centro de Pesquisa Renê Rachou, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Vasco Azevedo
- Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG-ICB), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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38
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Secombe KR, Coller JK, Gibson RJ, Wardill HR, Bowen JM. The bidirectional interaction of the gut microbiome and the innate immune system: Implications for chemotherapy‐induced gastrointestinal toxicity. Int J Cancer 2018; 144:2365-2376. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kate R. Secombe
- Cancer Treatment Toxicities Group, Discipline of Physiology, Adelaide Medical SchoolUniversity of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Janet K. Coller
- Cancer Treatment Toxicities Group, Discipline of PharmacologyAdelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Rachel J. Gibson
- Cancer Treatment Toxicities Group, Discipline of Physiology, Adelaide Medical SchoolUniversity of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia Australia
- Division of Health SciencesUniversity of South Australia Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Hannah R. Wardill
- Cancer Treatment Toxicities Group, Discipline of Physiology, Adelaide Medical SchoolUniversity of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia Australia
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, University of Groningen, Beatrix Children's HospitalUniversity Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Joanne M. Bowen
- Cancer Treatment Toxicities Group, Discipline of Physiology, Adelaide Medical SchoolUniversity of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia Australia
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von Frieling J, Fink C, Hamm J, Klischies K, Forster M, Bosch TCG, Roeder T, Rosenstiel P, Sommer F. Grow With the Challenge - Microbial Effects on Epithelial Proliferation, Carcinogenesis, and Cancer Therapy. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2020. [PMID: 30294304 PMCID: PMC6159313 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The eukaryotic host is in close contact to myriads of resident and transient microbes, which influence the crucial physiological pathways. Emerging evidence points to their role of host-microbe interactions for controlling tissue homeostasis, cell fate decisions, and regenerative capacity in epithelial barrier organs including the skin, lung, and gut. In humans and mice, it has been shown that the malignant tumors of these organs harbor an altered microbiota. Mechanistic studies have shown that the altered metabolic properties and secreted factors contribute to epithelial carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Exciting recent work points toward a crucial influence of the associated microbial communities on the response to chemotherapy and immune-check point inhibitors during cancer treatment, which suggests that the modulation of the microbiota might be a powerful tool for personalized oncology. In this article, we provide an overview of how the bacterial signals and signatures may influence epithelial homeostasis across taxa from cnidarians to vertebrates and delineate mechanisms, which might be potential targets for therapy of human diseases by either harnessing barrier integrity (infection and inflammation) or restoring uncontrolled proliferation (cancer).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob von Frieling
- Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christine Fink
- Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jacob Hamm
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kenneth Klischies
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Forster
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas C G Bosch
- Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Roeder
- Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Felix Sommer
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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40
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Wang X, Huang L, Qu Y, Lv H, He X. Effects of glutamine on cytokines 1L-1 and TNF-α in rehabilitation and prognosis of patients with lobectomy. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:2303-2308. [PMID: 30186471 PMCID: PMC6122503 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the effects of glutamine on cytokines 1L-1, TNF-α and prognosis of patients with lobectomy in the process of postoperative rehabilitation. A total of 78 patients with lung cancer who underwent lobectomy from January 2015 to January 2017 were selected in Daqing Oilfield General Hospital (Daqing, China). Patients were randomly divided into two groups, 39 patients in each group. Patients in the control group were treated with conventional treatment, while patients in the observation group were treated with both conventional and glutamine treatment. The levels of TNF-α, endotoxin, serum IL-1, IL-10, IL-15, IL-18 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, incidence of nausea and vomiting, pulmonary histopathological changes, prognosis, and rehabilitation (time in bed, hospital stay and lung function) were compared between the two groups. Within 1 year after treatment, most patients survived, except 2 patients in the observation group and 3 patients in the control group who died. The rate of postoperation infection in the observation group was slightly lower than that in the control group. After treatment, the levels of endotoxin and TNF-α in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (p<0.05). After treatment, the serum levels of IL-1 and IL-10 were significantly higher and the serum levels of IL-15 and IL-18 were significantly lower in the observation group than those in the control group (p<0.05). The expression levels of ICAM-1 and MPO activity were significantly higher in the observation group than those in the control group (p<0.05). No significant difference in the incidence of nausea and vomiting was found between the two groups (p>0.05). The average postoperative bed rest and hospital stay in the observation group were significantly shorter than those in the control group (p<0.05). The levels of forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (p<0.05). The results indicated that glutamine treatment is effective in the postoperative rehabilitation of patients undergoing lobectomy. Glutamine can regulate the levels of IL-1 and TNF-α, improve lung function, shorten bed rest and hospitalization days, promote patients postoperative rehabilitation process, and improve patients quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163001, P.R. China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163001, P.R. China
| | - Yanxia Qu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163001, P.R. China
| | - Hongmei Lv
- Department of Rehabilitation, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohua He
- Department of Rehabilitation, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163001, P.R. China
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Jordan KR, Loman BR, Bailey MT, Pyter LM. Gut microbiota-immune-brain interactions in chemotherapy-associated behavioral comorbidities. Cancer 2018; 124:3990-3999. [PMID: 29975400 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.31584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Increasing scientific attention is focused on the gut-brain axis, including the ability of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to modulate central nervous system function. Changes in the intestinal microbiome can influence affective-like behavior, cognitive performance, fatigue, and sleep in rodents and humans. Patients with cancer who are receiving chemotherapy experience similar negative behavioral changes and concurrent GI symptoms. These chemotherapy comorbidities can be long-lasting and may reduce patients' quality of life and motivation to comply with treatment. This review summarizes the clinical and preclinical evidence supporting a role for the intestinal microbiome in mediating behavioral comorbidities through peripheral immune activation in patients with cancer who are receiving chemotherapy. In addition, evidence suggesting that targeted modification of the intestinal microbiome during cancer treatment could ameliorate associated behavioral comorbidities is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelley R Jordan
- The Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Brett R Loman
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Michael T Bailey
- The Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Leah M Pyter
- The Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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42
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Panebianco C, Andriulli A, Pazienza V. Pharmacomicrobiomics: exploiting the drug-microbiota interactions in anticancer therapies. MICROBIOME 2018; 6:92. [PMID: 29789015 PMCID: PMC5964925 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0483-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a major health burden worldwide, and despite continuous advances in medical therapies, resistance to standard drugs and adverse effects still represent an important cause of therapeutic failure. There is a growing evidence that gut bacteria can affect the response to chemo- and immunotherapeutic drugs by modulating either efficacy or toxicity. Moreover, intratumor bacteria have been shown to modulate chemotherapy response. At the same time, anticancer treatments themselves significantly affect the microbiota composition, thus disrupting homeostasis and exacerbating discomfort to the patient. Here, we review the existing knowledge concerning the role of the microbiota in mediating chemo- and immunotherapy efficacy and toxicity and the ability of these therapeutic options to trigger dysbiotic condition contributing to the severity of side effects. In addition, we discuss the use of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, and antibiotics as emerging strategies for manipulating the microbiota in order to improve therapeutic outcome or at least ensure patients a better quality of life all along of anticancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Panebianco
- Division of Gastroenterology, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" Hospital, Viale dei Cappuccini, 1, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Angelo Andriulli
- Division of Gastroenterology, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" Hospital, Viale dei Cappuccini, 1, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Valerio Pazienza
- Division of Gastroenterology, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" Hospital, Viale dei Cappuccini, 1, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy.
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43
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Bajic JE, Johnston IN, Howarth GS, Hutchinson MR. From the Bottom-Up: Chemotherapy and Gut-Brain Axis Dysregulation. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:104. [PMID: 29872383 PMCID: PMC5972222 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract form the primary targets of chemotherapy-induced toxicities. Symptoms associated with damage to these regions have been clinically termed chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment and mucositis. Whilst extensive literature outlines the complex etiology of each pathology, to date neither chemotherapy-induced side-effect has considered the potential impact of one on the pathogenesis of the other disorder. This is surprising considering the close bidirectional relationship shared between each organ; the gut-brain axis. There are complex multiple pathways linking the gut to the brain and vice versa in both normal physiological function and disease. For instance, psychological and social factors influence motility and digestive function, symptom perception, and behaviors associated with illness and pathological outcomes. On the other hand, visceral pain affects central nociception pathways, mood and behavior. Recent interest highlights the influence of functional gut disorders, such as inflammatory bowel diseases and irritable bowel syndrome in the development of central comorbidities. Gut-brain axis dysfunction and microbiota dysbiosis have served as key portals in understanding the potential mechanisms associated with these functional gut disorders and their effects on cognition. In this review we will present the role gut-brain axis dysregulation plays in the chemotherapy setting, highlighting peripheral-to-central immune signaling mechanisms and their contribution to neuroimmunological changes associated with chemotherapy exposure. Here, we hypothesize that dysregulation of the gut-brain axis plays a major role in the intestinal, psychological and neurological complications following chemotherapy. We pay particular attention to evidence surrounding microbiota dysbiosis, the role of intestinal permeability, damage to nerves of the enteric and peripheral nervous systems and vagal and humoral mediated changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana E Bajic
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ian N Johnston
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gordon S Howarth
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Department of Gastroenterology, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mark R Hutchinson
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Vanlancker E, Vanhoecke B, Stringer A, Van de Wiele T. 5-Fluorouracil and irinotecan (SN-38) have limited impact on colon microbial functionality and composition in vitro. PeerJ 2017; 5:e4017. [PMID: 29158969 PMCID: PMC5694655 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal mucositis is a debilitating side effect of chemotherapy treatment, with currently no treatment available. As changes in microbial composition have been reported upon chemotherapy treatment in vivo, it is thought that gut microbiota dysbiosis contribute to the mucositis etiology. Yet it is not known whether chemotherapeutics directly cause microbial dysbiosis, thereby increasing mucositis risk, or whether the chemotherapeutic subjected host environment disturbs the microbiome thereby aggravating the disease. To address this question, we used the M-SHIME®, an in vitro mucosal simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem, as an experimental setup that excludes the host factor. The direct impact of two chemotherapeutics, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and SN-38 (active metabolite of irinotecan), on the luminal and mucosal gut microbiota from several human donors was investigated through monitoring fermentation activity and next generation sequencing. At a dose of 10 µM in the mucosal environment, 5-FU impacted the functionality and composition of the colon microbiota to a minor extent. Similarly, a daily dose of 10 µM SN-38 in the luminal environment did not cause significant changes in the functionality or microbiome composition. As our mucosal model does not include a host-compartment, our findings strongly indicate that a putative microbial contribution to mucositis is initially triggered by an altered host environment upon chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Vanlancker
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Barbara Vanhoecke
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andrea Stringer
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Papanicolas LE, Gordon DL, Wesselingh SL, Rogers GB. Not Just Antibiotics: Is Cancer Chemotherapy Driving Antimicrobial Resistance? Trends Microbiol 2017; 26:393-400. [PMID: 29146383 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The global spread of antibiotic-resistant pathogens threatens to increase the mortality of cancer patients significantly. We propose that chemotherapy contributes to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria within the gut and, in combination with antibiotics, drives pathogen overgrowth and translocation into the bloodstream. In our model, these processes are mediated by the effects of chemotherapy on bacterial mutagenesis and horizontal gene transfer, the disruption of commensal gut microbiology, and alterations to host physiology. Clinically, this model manifests as a cycle of recurrent sepsis, with each episode involving ever more resistant organisms and requiring increasingly broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy. Therapies that restore the gut microbiota following chemotherapy or antibiotics could provide a means to break this cycle of infection and treatment failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lito E Papanicolas
- The South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; The SAHMRI Microbiome Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - David L Gordon
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Steve L Wesselingh
- The South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; The SAHMRI Microbiome Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Geraint B Rogers
- The South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; The SAHMRI Microbiome Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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Gleaning Insights from Fecal Microbiota Transplantation and Probiotic Studies for the Rational Design of Combination Microbial Therapies. Clin Microbiol Rev 2017; 30:191-231. [PMID: 27856521 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00049-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Beneficial microorganisms hold promise for the treatment of numerous gastrointestinal diseases. The transfer of whole microbiota via fecal transplantation has already been shown to ameliorate the severity of diseases such as Clostridium difficile infection, inflammatory bowel disease, and others. However, the exact mechanisms of fecal microbiota transplant efficacy and the particular strains conferring this benefit are still unclear. Rationally designed combinations of microbial preparations may enable more efficient and effective treatment approaches tailored to particular diseases. Here we use an infectious disease, C. difficile infection, and an inflammatory disorder, the inflammatory bowel disease ulcerative colitis, as examples to facilitate the discussion of how microbial therapy might be rationally designed for specific gastrointestinal diseases. Fecal microbiota transplantation has already shown some efficacy in the treatment of both these disorders; detailed comparisons of studies evaluating commensal and probiotic organisms in the context of these disparate gastrointestinal diseases may shed light on potential protective mechanisms and elucidate how future microbial therapies can be tailored to particular diseases.
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McQuade RM, Stojanovska V, Abalo R, Bornstein JC, Nurgali K. Chemotherapy-Induced Constipation and Diarrhea: Pathophysiology, Current and Emerging Treatments. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:414. [PMID: 27857691 PMCID: PMC5093116 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) side-effects of chemotherapy are a debilitating and often overlooked clinical hurdle in cancer management. Chemotherapy-induced constipation (CIC) and Diarrhea (CID) present a constant challenge in the efficient and tolerable treatment of cancer and are amongst the primary contributors to dose reductions, delays and cessation of treatment. Although prevalence of CIC is hard to estimate, it is believed to affect approximately 16% of cancer patients, whilst incidence of CID has been estimated to be as high as 80%. Despite this, the underlying mechanisms of both CID and CIC remain unclear, but are believed to result from a combination of intersecting mechanisms including inflammation, secretory dysfunctions, GI dysmotility and alterations in GI innervation. Current treatments for CIC and CID aim to reduce the severity of symptoms rather than combating the pathophysiological mechanisms of dysfunction, and often result in worsening of already chronic GI symptoms or trigger the onset of a plethora of other side-effects including respiratory depression, uneven heartbeat, seizures, and neurotoxicity. Emerging treatments including those targeting the enteric nervous system present promising avenues to alleviate CID and CIC. Identification of potential targets for novel therapies to alleviate chemotherapy-induced toxicity is essential to improve clinical outcomes and quality of life amongst cancer sufferers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M McQuade
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne VIC, Australia
| | - Vanesa Stojanovska
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne VIC, Australia
| | - Raquel Abalo
- Área de Farmacología y Nutrición, Universidad Rey Juan CarlosMadrid, Spain; Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC, Banco de Santander Grupo Multidisciplinar de Investigación y Tratamiento del Dolor, Universidad Rey Juan CarlosMadrid, Spain; Unidad Asociada al Instituto de Química Médica del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMadrid, Spain; Unidad Asociada al Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMadrid, Spain
| | - Joel C Bornstein
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne VIC, Australia
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne VIC, Australia
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Abstract
Purpose: To provide a current review of the literature related to chemotherapy induced diarrhea (CID), including clinical assessment, recommended management guidelines and investigational pharmacological approaches for the prevention and treatment of CID. Data sources: A search of MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, and Web of Science (1996—2006) databases was conducted using terms such as: chemotherapy, diarrhea, diarrhoea, and irinotecan. Appropriate references from selected articles were also used. The search engine, Google, provided further access to information. Data extraction: The retrieved literature was reviewed to include all articles pertaining to the pathophysiology, assessment and management of CID. Data synthesis: Diarrhea is a debilitating and potentially life-threatening side effect associated with many chemotherapeutic agents. Despite the high incidence and severity of CID, it is often under recognized and poorly managed. A multidisciplinary panel recently updated recommended practice guidelines for the assessment and management of CID. Prompt and aggressive intervention is important in order to minimize the negative consequences of CID, such as dehydration, which may cause interruptions in optimal clinical outcomes or may lead to life-threatening sequelae. Further investigation into the pathophysiology of CID may allow for more directed approaches in the prophylaxis and treatment of CID. J Oncol Pharm Practice (2007) 13: 181—198.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roxanne Dobish
- Provincial Pharmacy, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada,
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Vanlancker E, Vanhoecke B, Smet R, Props R, Van de Wiele T. 5-Fluorouracil sensitivity varies among oral micro-organisms. J Med Microbiol 2016; 65:775-783. [PMID: 27296270 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent, often causes oral mucositis, an inflammation and ulceration of the oral mucosa. Micro-organisms in the oral cavity are thought to play an important role in the aggravation and severity of mucositis, but the mechanisms behind this remain unclear. Although 5-FU has been shown to elicit antibacterial effects at high concentrations (>100 µM), its antibacterial effect at physiologically relevant concentrations in the oral cavity is unknown. This study reports the effect of different concentrations of 5-FU (range 0.1-50 µM) on the growth and viability of bacterial monocultures that are present in the oral cavity and the possible role in the activity of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), an enzyme involved in 5-FU resistance. Our data showed a differential sensitivity among the tested oral species towards physiological concentrations of 5-FU. Klebsiellaoxytoca, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus oralis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Lactobacillus salivarius appeared to be highly resistant to all tested concentrations. In contrast, Lactobacillusoris, Lactobacillus plantarum, Streptococcus pyogenes, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Neisseria mucosa showed a significant reduction in growth and viability starting from very low concentrations (0.2-3.1 µM). We can also provide evidence that DPD is not involved in the 5-FU resistance of the selected species. The observed variability in response to physiological 5-FU concentrations may explain why certain microbiota lead to a community dysbiosis and/or an overgrowth of certain resistant micro-organisms in the oral cavity following cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Vanlancker
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Barbara Vanhoecke
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rozel Smet
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ruben Props
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Tang Y, Wu Y, Huang Z, Dong W, Deng Y, Wang F, Li M, Yuan J. Administration of probiotic mixture DM#1 ameliorated 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis and dysbiosis in rats. Nutrition 2016; 33:96-104. [PMID: 27427511 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The use of probiotics to alleviate chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis is supported by clinical consensus. However, no studies to date, to our knowledge, have systematically analyzed the effects of a probiotic mixture on chemotherapy-induced mucositis or assessed changes in the intestinal microbiota after probiotic treatment. The aim of this study was to report the effects of a probiotic mixture, DM#1, on intestinal mucositis and dysbiosis of rats treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). METHODS Twenty-eight male Sprague Dawley rats weighing 180 to 220 g were randomly divided into four groups: control, 5-FU, probiotic high (PH), and probiotic low (PL). Except for the control group, all other groups received intraperitoneal injections of 5-FU for 5 d, and the PH and PL groups received DM#1 intragastrically (1 × 109 or 1 × 108 colony-forming units/kg, respectively) for 8 d. One day after the last administration, rats were sacrificed and the ilea were removed for histopathologic assessment and evaluation of permeability, myeloperoxidase activity, levels of cytokines (interleukin [IL]-4, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α), and mRNA of toll-like receptors (TLR; TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9). Additionally, intestinal microbiota profiles were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS Treatment with DM#1 ameliorated 5-FU-induced intestinal mucosal injury in rats, possibly by reducing proinflammatory cytokine levels and neutrophil infiltration. The increased intestinal permeability caused by 5-FU was ameliorated. These results were closely associated with the reestablishment of intestinal microbial homeostasis and alteration of the TLR2/TLR4 signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Administration of the probiotic mixture DM#1 ameliorated 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis and dysbiosis in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Tang
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yingtao Wu
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ziyi Huang
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Weiwei Dong
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ying Deng
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Fengjiao Wang
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Jieli Yuan
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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