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Liu RX, Song DK, Zhang YY, Gong HX, Jin YC, Wang XS, Jiang YL, Yan YX, Lu BN, Wu YM, Wang M, Li XB, Zhang K, Liu SB. L-Cysteine: A promising nutritional supplement for alleviating anxiety disorders. Neuroscience 2024; 555:213-221. [PMID: 39089569 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are prevalent chronic psychological disease with complex pathogenic mechanisms. Current anxiolytics have limited efficacy and numerous side effects in many anxiety patients, highlighting the urgent need for new therapies. Recent research has been focusing on nutritional supplements, particularly amino acids, as potential therapies for anxiety disorders. Among these, L-Cysteine plays a crucial role in various biological processes. L-Cysteine exhibits antioxidant properties that can enhance the antioxidant functions of the central nervous system (CNS). Furthermore, metabolites of L-cysteine, such as glutathione and hydrogen sulfide have been shown to alleviate anxiety through distinct molecular mechanisms. Long-term administration of L-Cysteine has anxiolytic, antidepressant, and memory-improving effects. L-Cysteine depletion can lead to increased oxidative stress in the brain. This review delves into the potential mechanisms of L-Cysteine and its main products, glutathione (GSH) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the management of anxiety and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Xia Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Da-Ke Song
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Ying-Ying Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Heng-Xin Gong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yu-Chen Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xin-Shang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yong-Li Jiang
- Precision Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xinsi Road 1, Shaanxi, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Bei-Ning Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yu-Mei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xu-Bo Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Shui-Bing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Sethiya NK, Ghiloria N, Srivastav A, Bisht D, Chaudhary SK, Walia V, Alam MS. Therapeutic Potential of Myricetin in the Treatment of Neurological, Neuropsychiatric, and Neurodegenerative Disorders. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:865-882. [PMID: 37461364 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666230718105358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Myricetin (MC), 3,5,7,3',4',5'-hexahydroxyflavone, chemically belongs to a flavonoid category known to confer antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and neuroprotective effects. MC is known to suppress the generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), lipid peroxidation (MDA), and inflammatory markers. It has been reported to improve insulin function in the human brain and periphery. Besides this, it modulates several neurochemicals including glutamate, GABA, serotonin, etc. MC has been shown to reduce the expression of the enzyme Mono Amine Oxidase (MAO), which is responsible for the metabolism of monoamines. MC treatment reduces levels of plasma corticosterone and restores hippocampal BDNF (full form) protein in stressed animals. Further, MC has shown its protective effect against amyloid-beta, MPTP, rotenone, 6-OHDA, etc. suggesting its potential role against neurodegenerative disorders. The aim of the present review is to highlight the therapeutic potential of MC in the treatment of several neurological, neuropsychiatric, and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neha Ghiloria
- Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar Hospital, Rohini, New Delhi 110085, India
| | | | - Dheeraj Bisht
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sir J.C. Bose Technical Campus, Bhimtal, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand 263002, India
| | | | - Vaibhav Walia
- Department of Pharmacology, SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana 122505, India
| | - Md Sabir Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana 122505, India
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Inhibition of norepinephrine signaling during a sensitive period disrupts locus coeruleus circuitry and emotional behaviors in adulthood. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3077. [PMID: 36813805 PMCID: PMC9946949 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29175-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Deficits in arousal and stress responsiveness are a feature of numerous psychiatric disorders including depression and anxiety. Arousal is supported by norepinephrine (NE) released from specialized brainstem nuclei, including the locus coeruleus (LC) neurons into cortical and limbic areas. During development, the NE system matures in concert with increased exploration of the animal's environment. While several psychiatric medications target the NE system, the possibility that its modulation during discreet developmental periods can have long-lasting consequences has not yet been explored. We used a chemogenetic strategy in mice to reversibly inhibit NE signaling during brief developmental periods and then evaluated any long-lasting impact of our intervention on adult NE circuit function and on emotional behavior. We also tested whether developmental exposure to the α2 receptor agonist guanfacine, which is commonly used in the pediatric population and is not contraindicated during pregnancy and nursing, recapitulates the effect seen with the chemogenetic strategy. Our results reveal that postnatal days 10-21 constitute a sensitive period during which alterations in NE signaling lead to changes in baseline anxiety, increased anhedonia, and passive coping behaviors in adulthood. Disruption of NE signaling during this sensitive period also caused altered LC autoreceptor function, along with circuit specific changes in LC-NE target regions at baseline, and in response to stress. Our findings indicate an early critical role for NE in sculpting brain circuits that support adult emotional function. Interfering with this role by guanfacine and similar clinically used drugs can have lasting implications for mental health.
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Liang Y, Chen Y, Huang Q, Zhou Y, Liu Z. Network structure and temporal stability of depressive symptoms after a natural disaster among children and adolescents. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2023; 14:2179799. [PMID: 37052102 PMCID: PMC9970231 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2023.2179799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous studies have found that the postdisaster developmental course of depression is more stable than that of other mental disorders among children and adolescents. However, the network structure and temporal stability of depressive symptoms after natural disasters among children and adolescents remain unknown.Objective: This study aims to understand the depressive symptom network and evaluate its temporal stability among children and adolescents after natural disasters.Methods: Three-wave measurements were conducted among 1,466 children and adolescents at 3, 15, and 27 months following the Zhouqu debris flow. Depressive symptoms were evaluated by the Child Depression Inventory (CDI), which was dichotomised to signify the presence or absence of depressive symptoms. Depression networks were estimated with the Ising model, and expected influence was used to assess node centrality. A network comparison test was used to test the differences in the depression networks among the three temporal points.Results: Overall, the depressive symptom network was temporally stable regarding symptom centrality and global connectivity over the two-year study period. Self-hate, loneliness, and sleep disturbance were central symptoms and had low variability in the depressive networks at the three temporal points. Crying and self-deprecation had large temporal variability in centrality.Conclusion: The present study provides the first evidence for the temporal stability of the youth depressive symptom network postdisaster. The similar central symptoms and connectivity of depression symptoms at different temporal points after natural disasters may partially explain the stable prevalence and developmental trajectory of depression. Self-hate, loneliness, and sleep disturbance could be central characteristics, and sleep disturbance and reduced appetite, sadness and crying, and misbehaviour and disobedience could be key associations in the endurance of depression among children and adolescents after experiencing a natural disaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Liang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaru Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueyue Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengkui Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Zhai X, Zhou D, Han Y, Han MH, Zhang H. Noradrenergic modulation of stress resilience. Pharmacol Res 2023; 187:106598. [PMID: 36481260 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Resilience represents an active adaption process in the face of adversity, trauma, tragedy, threats, or significant sources of stress. Investigations of neurobiological mechanisms of resilience opens an innovative direction for preclinical research and drug development for various stress-related disorders. The locus coeruleus norepinephrine system has been implicated in mediating stress susceptibility versus resilience. It has attracted increasing attention over the past decades with the revolution of modern neuroscience technologies. In this review article, we first briefly go over resilience-related concepts and introduce rodent paradigms for segregation of susceptibility and resilience, then highlight recent literature that identifies the neuronal and molecular substrates of active resilience in the locus coeruleus, and discuss possible future directions for resilience investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Zhai
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Dongyu Zhou
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Yi Han
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Ming-Hu Han
- Department of Mental Health and Public Health, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong 518055, China; Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Hongxing Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China.
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Lenda R, Padjasek M, Krężel A, Ożyhar A, Bystranowska D. Does one plus one always equal two? Structural differences between nesfatin-1, -2, and nesfatin-1/2. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:163. [PMID: 36280843 PMCID: PMC9590162 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00980-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Nesfatin-1 and -2 are produced from a reaction in which the N-terminus of human Nucleobindin-2 undergoes proteolytical processing. To date, Nucleobindin-2 and/or nesfatin-1 have only been shown to act as peptide hormones. On the other hand, the purpose of nesfatin-2 remains unknown. Since Nucleobindin-2/nesfatin-1 is thought impact the control of a wide range of physiological processes, including energy homeostasis, neurodegenerative processes and carcinogenesis, its ligands/interactions deserve special studies and attention. However, there are no reports about the molecular properties of the proteolytical products of human Nucleobindin-2 in the literature. Hence, this study aimed to analyze the effect of Zn(II) and Ca(II) on human nesfatin-1, -2, and -1/2 structures. Herein, we report that human nesfatin-1 is a member of the intrinsically disordered protein family, as indicated by circular dichroism and analytical ultracentrifugation experiments. In contrast, we found that the human nesfatin-2 and nesfatin-1/2 structures were globular with intrinsically disordered regions. Under Zn(II) treatment, we observed concentration-dependent structurization and compaction of intrinsically disordered nesfatin-1 and its propensity for oligomerization, as well as destabilization of both nesfatin-2 and nesfatin-1/2. Furthermore, dissociation constants for Zn(II) binding by nesfatin-1, nesfatin-2, and nesfatin-1/2 were also reported. Moreover, structurally distinct nesfatin-1 and -2 seem to be interdependent when linked together, as indicated by the observed molecular properties of nesfatin-1/2, which in turn are not a simple sum of the properties exhibited by the former peptides. Thus, herein, we shed new light on the molecular behavior of human nesfatins, which might help to elucidate the complex function of those peptides. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Lenda
- grid.7005.20000 0000 9805 3178Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michał Padjasek
- grid.8505.80000 0001 1010 5103Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Artur Krężel
- grid.8505.80000 0001 1010 5103Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Andrzej Ożyhar
- grid.7005.20000 0000 9805 3178Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dominika Bystranowska
- grid.7005.20000 0000 9805 3178Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
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Ullah A, Fayyaz K, Javed U, Usman M, Malik R, Arif N, Kaleem A. Prevalence of Dysmenorrhea and Determinants of Pain Intensity Among University-Age Women. PAIN MEDICINE 2021; 22:2851-2862. [PMID: 34505897 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnab273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of dysmenorrhea and investigate factors associated with dysmenorrhic pain among university students in Lahore, Pakistan. DESIGN AND SETTING A cross-sectional study was conducted across various public and private sector universities in Lahore. METHODS A self-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 600 randomly selected female university students. RESULTS The prevalence of dysmenorrhea was 91.5%. Age at menarche (odds ratio [OR] = 1.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.10-3.50) was the only significant factor associated with dysmenorrhea. The mean pain severity score among dysmenorrhic students was 5.62 ± 2.28. Most of the participants (65.8%) were experiencing moderate/severe pain. Univariate analysis showed that irregular cycle (OR [95% CI] = 1.62 [1.13-2.33]), age at menarche of ≤14 years (OR [95% CI] = 1.46 [1.05-2.04]), duration of menses of more than 5 days (OR [95% CI] = 1.42 [1.02-1.99]), stress (OR [95% CI] = 2.16 [1.54-3.03]), moderate meat/protein consumption (OR [95% CI] = 1.55 [1.08-2.21]), and medical specialization (OR [95% CI] = 1.72 [1.17-2.52]) were significantly associated with pain severity among dysmenorrhic female students. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis revealed that medical specialization (OR [95% CI] = 1.83 [1.22-2.73]), age at menarche (OR [95% CI] = 0.603 [0.42-0.86]), regularity of menses (OR [95% CI] = 1.52 [1.04-2.22]), moderate meat/protein consumption (OR [95% CI] = 1.69 [1.16-2.45]), and stress (OR [95% CI] = 1.87 [1.32-2.66]) were independent predictors of moderate/severe dysmenorrhic pain. CONCLUSION The study revealed an alarmingly high prevalence of dysmenorrhea among university students. High levels of stress and early menarche were the potent determinants of moderate/severe dysmenorrhea that disturbs quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azmat Ullah
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Khadijah Fayyaz
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Uswa Javed
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rameesha Malik
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nafeesa Arif
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amna Kaleem
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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El Marzouki H, Aboussaleh Y, Najimi M, Chigr F, Ahami A. Effect of Cold Stress on Neurobehavioral and Physiological Parameters in Rats. Front Physiol 2021; 12:660124. [PMID: 34603068 PMCID: PMC8485037 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.660124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Cold stress is an important current issue and implementing control strategies to limit its sometimes harmful effects is crucial. Cold is a common stressor that can occur in our work and our occupational or leisure time activities every day. There are substantial studies on the effects of chronic stress on memory and behavior, although, the cognitive changes and anxiety disorders that can occur after exposure to chronic intermittent cold stress are not completely characterized. Therefore, the present study was undertaken with an aim to investigate the effects of chronic intermittent cold stress on body weight, food intake and working memory, and to elucidate cold stress related anxiety disorders using cognitive and behavioral test batteries. Methods: We generated a cold stress model by exposing rats to chronic intermittent cold stress for 5 consecutive days and in order to test for the potential presence of sex differences, a comparable number of male and female rats were tested in the current study. Then, we measured the body weights, food intake and the adrenal glands weight. Working memory and recognition memory were assessed using the Y maze and the Novel Object Recognition (NOR) tasks. While, sex differences in the effects of chronic stress on behavior were evaluated by the elevated plus maze (EPM), open field maze (OF), and Marble burying (MB) tests. Results: We found that 2 h exposure to cold (4°C) resulted in an increase in the relative weight of the adrenal glands in male rats. Given the same chronic stress 5 days of cold exposure (2 h per day), increased weight gain in male rats, while females showed decreased food intake and no change in body weight. Both sexes successfully performed the Y maze and object recognition (OR) tasks, indicating intact spatial working memory performance and object recognition abilities in both male and female rats. In addition, we have shown that stress caused an increase in the level of anxiety in male rats. In contrast, the behavior of the female rats was not affected by cold exposure. Conclusion: Overall, the current results provide preliminary evidence that chronic intermittent cold stress model may not be an efficient stressor to female rats. Females exhibit resilience to cold exposure that causes an increase in the level of anxiety in male rats, which demonstrates that they are affected differently by stress and the gender is an important consideration in experimental design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar El Marzouki
- Biology and Health Laboratory, Unit of Clinical and Cognitive-Behavioural Neurosciences and Applied Nutrition Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Youssef Aboussaleh
- Biology and Health Laboratory, Unit of Clinical and Cognitive-Behavioural Neurosciences and Applied Nutrition Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Najimi
- Biological Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan MoulaySlimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco
| | - Fatiha Chigr
- Biological Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan MoulaySlimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco
| | - Ahmed Ahami
- Biology and Health Laboratory, Unit of Clinical and Cognitive-Behavioural Neurosciences and Applied Nutrition Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco
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Gangar K, Bhatt LK. Therapeutic Targets for the Treatment of Comorbidities Associated with Epilepsy. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 13:85-93. [PMID: 31793425 DOI: 10.2174/1874467212666191203101606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
One of the most common neurological disorders, which occurs among 1% of the population worldwide, is epilepsy. Therapeutic failure is common with epilepsy and nearly about 30% of patients fall in this category. Seizure suppression should not be the only goal while treating epilepsy but associated comorbidities, which can further worsen the condition, should also be considered. Treatment of such comorbidities such as depression, anxiety, cognition, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and, various other disorders which co-exist with epilepsy or are caused due to epilepsy should also be treated. Novel targets or the existing targets are needed to be explored for the dual mechanism which can suppress both the disease and the comorbidity. New therapeutic targets such as IDO, nNOS, PAR1, NF-κb are being explored for their role in epilepsy and various comorbidities. This review explores recent therapeutic targets for the treatment of comorbidities associated with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinjal Gangar
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, India
| | - Lokesh Kumar Bhatt
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, India
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Savage K, Kingshott D, Gubko A, Thee AW, Burjawi T, Croft K, Sarris J, Stough C. The Relationship between Oxidative Stress and Anxiety in a Healthy Older Population. Exp Aging Res 2021; 47:322-346. [PMID: 33616006 DOI: 10.1080/0361073x.2021.1883966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Background/study context: F2-Isoprostanes are putative markers of oxidative stress, one of the processes associated with biological senescence. Evidence exists for elevated F2-Isoprostanes in chronic conditions including psychiatric disorders. Few studies have examined the relationship between oxidative stress and mood in older healthy samples, to establish the influence on mental health. Given current aging demographics in many nations, management of brain and mental health is crucial for longevity, chronic disease management, and quality of life.Method: We investigated the relationship between F2-Isoprostanes, a marker for oxidative stress, and anxiety and mood in 262 healthy adults aged 60-75 years, using baseline data from the Australian Research Council Longevity Intervention (ARCLI; ANZCTR12611000487910), a 12-month nutraceutical intervention study.Results: Higher F2 levels significantly predicted increased Depression-dejection and Anger-hostility subscale scores from the Profile of Mood States (POMS). Fatigue-inertia subscale was predicted by increased Body Mass Index. Spielberger State-Trait Inventory (STAI) scores were significantly higher in females.Conclusion: While the primary outcome data did not find a definitive relationship between F2 and total mood or general anxiety levels, the sub-scale data adds weight toward growing literature that biological processes such as oxidative stress are in part related to mood. This is a modifiable risk factor contributing to physical and mental wellbeing that are crucial to healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Savage
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Advanced Technologies Centre, Hawthorn, Australia.,Professorial Unit, the Melbourne Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne University, Richmond, Australia
| | - Davy Kingshott
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Advanced Technologies Centre, Hawthorn, Australia
| | - Andrew Gubko
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Advanced Technologies Centre, Hawthorn, Australia
| | - Alicia Wt Thee
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Advanced Technologies Centre, Hawthorn, Australia
| | - Tamer Burjawi
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Advanced Technologies Centre, Hawthorn, Australia
| | - Kevin Croft
- School of Biomedical Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Jerome Sarris
- Professorial Unit, the Melbourne Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne University, Richmond, Australia.,NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, Australia
| | - Con Stough
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Advanced Technologies Centre, Hawthorn, Australia
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Sorrentino F, Petito A, Angioni S, D'Antonio F, Severo M, Solazzo MC, Tinelli R, Nappi L. Impact of anxiety levels on the perception of pain in patients undergoing office hysteroscopy. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2020; 303:999-1007. [PMID: 33211175 PMCID: PMC7985115 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-020-05885-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed at assessing the impact of anxiety on pain perception during hysteroscopy and to highlight the possible contribution of factors related to pain perception. MATERIALS AND METHODS 104 women with indication for office hysteroscopy fullfilled anonymous self-report questionnaires during the waiting time, before the procedure. The first self-report questionnaire included general patient information and an overall assessment of the degree of satisfaction with the information received before the procedure. The level of pre-procedural anxiety was measured through the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory STAI-Y1 (state anxiety). The perceived stress was assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). The intensity of pain during the procedure and 20 min later was assessed with VAS score. RESULTS The average waiting time was of 192.33 ± 91 min. 59 patients (56.7%) performed the examination without analgesia while 45 women (43.3%) required analgesia. 28 women (27%) experienced mild pain, 34 (33%) moderate pain and 42 (40%) severe pain. The patients who performed the procedure without analgosedation had an average STAI-Y1 score of 44.81 ± 1.20, compared to women who required analgosedation (average score of 49.40 ± 1.64). The perceived level of stress was also associated with the use of analgosedation. Patients who did not request any anesthetic intervention obtained a PSS average score of 16.66 ± 0.75, compared to the subgroup with anesthesia (score of 19.76 ± 0.90). CONCLUSIONS Anxiety represents a key element for the success of ambulatory hysteroscopy. The management of anxiety can reduce the request for analgesia with a consequent optimization of time, costs and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felice Sorrentino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Foggia, Viale L. Pinto, 71100, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Annamaria Petito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Stefano Angioni
- Department of Surgical Science, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Francesco D'Antonio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Foggia, Viale L. Pinto, 71100, Foggia, Italy
| | - Melania Severo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Solazzo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Foggia, Viale L. Pinto, 71100, Foggia, Italy
| | - Raffaele Tinelli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Perrino" Hospital, Brindisi, Italy
| | - Luigi Nappi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Foggia, Viale L. Pinto, 71100, Foggia, Italy
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12
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Mai-Lippold SA, Dettlinger CM, Khalsa SS, Pollatos O. A Pilot Study on the Effect of an Energy Drink on Interoception in High vs. Low Anxiety Sensitivity Individuals. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1027/2512-8442/a000061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Background: The market for energy drinks has grown quickly over the past 20 years. While the physiological and psychological effects of different ingredients have been studied, the influence of energy drinks on interoceptive processes is unclear. Anxiety has been associated with amplified interoceptive functioning, suggesting potentially exaggerated reactions to energy drinks. Aims: Investigate the effect of energy drink consumption and anxiety sensitivity (AS) as well as their possible interactions on cardiorespiratory dimensions of interoception. Method: Thirty-nine healthy students consumed an energy drink via a placebo-controlled, counterbalanced, crossover design. Cardiac and respiratory interoceptive accuracy (IAcc), interoceptive sensibility (IS), and interoceptive evaluation (IE) were assessed. Heartbeat-evoked potentials (HEPs) were analyzed to evaluate neural processing of the heartbeat. Results: Consumption of one energy drink did not influence IAcc, IS, or IE. However, high AS subjects reported reduced interoceptive confidence after energy drink intake. While HEP amplitudes did not differ depending on the type of drink, high AS subjects showed reduced HEPs overall compared to low AS subjects. Heart rate was significantly lower following energy drink consumption as compared to the placebo condition. Limitations: The sample size was small, energy dosages low, and physiological parameters should be assessed in more detail. Conclusion: Energy drink consumption was associated with an interoceptive bias in high AS individuals suggesting possible interaction effects between changes in physical state, interoception, and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sahib S. Khalsa
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, University of Tulsa, OK, USA
- Oxley College of Health Sciences, University of Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Olga Pollatos
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Ulm University, Germany
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13
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López-Ferreras L, Eerola K, Shevchouk OT, Richard JE, Nilsson FH, Jansson LE, Hayes MR, Skibicka KP. The supramammillary nucleus controls anxiety-like behavior; key role of GLP-1R. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 119:104720. [PMID: 32563174 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent categories of mental illnesses. The gut-brain axis, along with gastrointestinally-derived neuropeptides, like glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), are emerging as potential key regulators of emotionality, including anxiety behavior. However, the neuroanatomical substrates from which GLP-1 exerts its anxiogenic effect remain poorly characterized. Here we focus on a relatively new candidate nucleus, the supramammillary nucleus (SuM), located just caudal to the lateral hypothalamus and ventral to the ventral tegmental area. Our focus on the SuM is supported by previous data showing expression of GLP-1R mRNA throughout the SuM and activation of the SuM during anxiety-inducing behaviors in rodents. Data show that chemogenetic activation of neurons in the SuM results in an anxiolytic response in male and female rats. In contrast, selective activation of SuM GLP-1R, by microinjection of a GLP-1R agonist exendin-4 into the SuM resulted in potent anxiety-like behavior, measured in both open field and elevated plus maze tests in male and female rats. This anxiogenic effect of GLP-1R activation persisted after high-fat diet exposure. Importantly, reduction of GLP-1R expression in the SuM, by AAV-shRNA GLP-1R knockdown, resulted in a clear anxiolytic response; an effect only observed in female rats. Our data identify a new neural substrate for GLP-1 control of anxiety-like behavior and indicate that the SuM GLP-1R are sufficient for anxiogenesis in both sexes, but necessary only in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- L López-Ferreras
- Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - K Eerola
- Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Research Centre of Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Finland
| | - O T Shevchouk
- Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - J E Richard
- Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - F H Nilsson
- Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - L E Jansson
- Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M R Hayes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - K P Skibicka
- Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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14
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Onaolapo OJ, Adeyemi OI, Amujoyegbe OJ, Fasola EA, Olofinnade AT, Onaolapo AY. High Dietary Fat Modulates Neurobehavioural Effect of Lopinavir/ Ritonavir in Mice. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2019; 21:158-168. [PMID: 31612827 DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666191011144930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lopinavir/Ritonavir (LR) is a protease inhibitor used human immunodeficiency virus infection management. There have been issues regarding the effects of fat on LR efficacy and the possibility of neurological deficits following prolonged use, there is however a dearth of research examining this. AIMS The effects of LR administered with normal or High-Fat Diet (HFD) on neurobehaviour, neurochemistry and oxidative stress in healthy mice were examined. METHODS Mice were randomly-assigned into eight groups of ten (n=10) animals each. The groups were normal control [Standard Diet, (SD)], HFD control, 3 groups of LR incorporated into SD (100/25, 200/50 and 400/100 mg/kg of feed), and 3 groups of LR with HFD (100/25, 200/50 and 400/100 mg/kg of feed). Mice were fed daily for six weeks, following which open field, elevated-plus maze (EPM), radial-arm maze and Y-maze behaviours were scored. Twenty-four hours after tests, mice were euthanised and brains were homogenised for estimation of oxidative stress, L-glutamate level and acetylcholinesterase activity. RESULTS LR was associated with a reduction in HFD-induced weight gain, suppression of open-field behaviours with SD, and counteraction of HFD-induced changes in working-memory, open-field and anxiety-related behaviours. Also, LR causes increased lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase activity; and a decrease in brain glutamate, irrespective of dietary composition. Increased fat catabolism leading to increased oxidative stress could possibly account for the weight changes, while a decrease in brain glutamate could account for the changes in open-field behaviours in mice fed SD. CONCLUSION LR alters neurobehaviour, oxidative stress and brain glutamate in mice; however, only its effects on neurobehaviour are affected by diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olakunle J Onaolapo
- Behavioural Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Oluwole I Adeyemi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Omolola J Amujoyegbe
- Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Eunice A Fasola
- Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Anthony T Olofinnade
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Lagos state Ikeja, Ikeja, Nigeria
| | - Adejoke Y Onaolapo
- Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria.,Behavioural Neuroscience and Neurobiology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
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15
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Zahola P, Hanics J, Pintér A, Máté Z, Gáspárdy A, Hevesi Z, Echevarria D, Adori C, Barde S, Törőcsik B, Erdélyi F, Szabó G, Wagner L, Kovacs GG, Hökfelt T, Harkany T, Alpár A. Secretagogin expression in the vertebrate brainstem with focus on the noradrenergic system and implications for Alzheimer's disease. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 224:2061-2078. [PMID: 31144035 PMCID: PMC6591208 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-01886-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Calcium-binding proteins are widely used to distinguish neuronal subsets in the brain. This study focuses on secretagogin, an EF-hand calcium sensor, to identify distinct neuronal populations in the brainstem of several vertebrate species. By using neural tube whole mounts of mouse embryos, we show that secretagogin is already expressed during the early ontogeny of brainstem noradrenaline cells. In adults, secretagogin-expressing neurons typically populate relay centres of special senses and vegetative regulatory centres of the medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain. Notably, secretagogin expression overlapped with the brainstem column of noradrenergic cell bodies, including the locus coeruleus (A6) and the A1, A5 and A7 fields. Secretagogin expression in avian, mouse, rat and human samples showed quasi-equivalent patterns, suggesting conservation throughout vertebrate phylogeny. We found reduced secretagogin expression in locus coeruleus from subjects with Alzheimer’s disease, and this reduction paralleled the loss of tyrosine hydroxylase, the enzyme rate limiting noradrenaline synthesis. Residual secretagogin immunoreactivity was confined to small submembrane domains associated with initial aberrant tau phosphorylation. In conclusion, we provide evidence that secretagogin is a useful marker to distinguish neuronal subsets in the brainstem, conserved throughout several species, and its altered expression may reflect cellular dysfunction of locus coeruleus neurons in Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Zahola
- SE NAP B Research Group of Experimental Neuroanatomy and Developmental Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Anatomy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Hanics
- SE NAP B Research Group of Experimental Neuroanatomy and Developmental Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Anatomy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Pintér
- Department of Anatomy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Máté
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Gáspárdy
- Department of Anatomy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Hevesi
- SE NAP B Research Group of Experimental Neuroanatomy and Developmental Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Diego Echevarria
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Miguel Hernandez de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Csaba Adori
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum 7D, SE-17165, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Swapnali Barde
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum 7D, SE-17165, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Beáta Törőcsik
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Erdélyi
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Szabó
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ludwig Wagner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabor G Kovacs
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tomas Hökfelt
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum 7D, SE-17165, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tibor Harkany
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum 7D, SE-17165, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alán Alpár
- SE NAP B Research Group of Experimental Neuroanatomy and Developmental Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary. .,Department of Anatomy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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16
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Ikeda A, Charvat H, Shigemura J, Kales SN, Tanigawa T. Longitudinal trends in disaster-related insomnia among Fukushima nuclear plant workers: the Fukushima Nuclear Energy Workers’ Support Project study. Sleep 2019; 42:5374591. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ai Ikeda
- Department of Public Health, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hadrien Charvat
- Prevention Division, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Shigemura
- Department of Psychiatry, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Stefanos N Kales
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Occupational Medicine, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA
| | - Takeshi Tanigawa
- Department of Public Health, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Hwang KA, Hwang YJ, Hwang IG, Song J, Jun Kim Y. Low temperature-aged garlic extract suppresses psychological stress by modulation of stress hormones and oxidative stress response in brain. J Chin Med Assoc 2019; 82:191-195. [PMID: 30908412 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Garlic is a folk medicine known for its multiple physiological activities, but the neuro-modulatory effect of garlic against psychological stress has rarely been explored. The current study was conducted to determine the potential antipsychological stress effect of low temperature-aged garlic (LTAG). METHODS After acute restraint stress exposure, mice were administered with raw garlic (RG, 500 mg/kg, p.o.) or LTAG (500 mg/kg, p.o.). We investigated corticosterone, cortisol, and monoamines levels, and the mRNA expression of genes relevant to oxidative stress. RESULTS RG and LTAG treatment significantly decreased stress-related hormones such as corticotropin-releasing factor, adrenocorticotropic hormone, corticosterone, and cortisol. Moreover, RG and LTAG administration significantly restored acute restraint stress-induced changes in concentrations of brain neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine, and epinephrine). In addition, RG and LTAG improved the antioxidant defense system by causing an increase in mRNA expression of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in the brain. CONCLUSION This study suggests an antipsychological stress and neuroprotective effect of RG and LTAG under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-A Hwang
- Department of Agrofood Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Wanju-Gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Hwang
- Department of Agrofood Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Wanju-Gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - In-Guk Hwang
- Department of Agrofood Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Wanju-Gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Jin Song
- Department of Agrofood Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Wanju-Gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Young Jun Kim
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
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18
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Li MM, Zhou P, Chen XD, Xu HS, Wang J, Chen L, Zhang N, Liu N. NO in the dPAG modulates panic-like responses and ASIC1a expression in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 511:274-279. [PMID: 30770101 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Panic disorder (PD) is a multifactorial neuropsychiatric disorder. Our previous study has demonstrated that the nitric oxide (NO) pathway and the acid-sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) level in the dorsal midbrain periaqueductal gray (dPAG) are involved in the modulation of panic-like responses. In addition, the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the hippocampus also play a role in panic-like responses. However, no studies have investigated the protein level of ASIC1a in the PFC and hippocampus in a mouse model of panic-like disorders after alteration of the NO pathway in the dPAG. We investigated the production of a panic attack with intra-dPAG injections of SNAP, an NO donor, and 7-NI, an nNOS inhibitor. Moreover, we measured ASIC1a protein levels in the PFC and hippocampus. The rat exposure test (RET) is frequently used as an animal model of panic. In our study, C57BL/6 mice received an intra-dPAG injection of SNAP or 7-NI before RET; neurobehavioral tests were then conducted, followed by mechanistic evaluation through western blot analysis in the PFC and hippocampus. An intra-dPAG infusion of SNAP significantly increased the panic-like effect, whereas treatment with 7-NI decreased fear behavior. Mice treated with SNAP/7-NI showed significantly increased/decreased ASIC1a expression in the PFC, and a decreasing/increasing trend in the hippocampus. The present study suggests that the NO pathway in the dPAG plays a key role in panic-like responses in mice confronted by a rat, further, NO intra-dPAG injection also modulates the ASIC1a expression levels in the PFC and hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Meng Li
- Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Medical Psychology, Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, China
| | - Huai-Sha Xu
- Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Toxicology, The Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Medical Psychology, Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Medical Psychology, Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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19
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Jang M, Jung T, Kim SH, Noh J. Sex differential effect of dexmedetomidine on fear memory extinction and anxiety behavior in adolescent rats. Neurosci Res 2019; 149:29-37. [PMID: 30685494 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to stressful stimuli, including fear and anxiety, modulates the central noradrenergic system. Dexmedetomidine is a commonly used α2-adrenoreceptor agonist. Because the effect of fear acquisition varies between sexes, the present study was designed to investigate sex-related differences in the effects of dexmedetomidine on fear memory and anxiety-like behavior. We conducted a fear test and an elevated plus maze test in 6-8-week-old male and female rats. Two doses of dexmedetomidine (20 and 40 μg/kg) were injected intraperitoneally three times at 24 h intervals after the tests: after fear expression, extinction 1, and extinction 2. The repeated administration of dexmedetomidine showed significant acceleration of fear memory extinction in female rats but not in male rats; the effect increased proportionally to concentrations of dexmedetomidine. Compared to male rats, female rats treated with both concentrations of dexmedetomidine showed significant anxiolytic behavior after 1 week. Dexmedetomidine accelerated the fear memory extinction and reduced anxiety; it was more effective in female rats than in male rats. Our results suggest that dexmedetomidine may exert protective effects against fear-related and anxiety-like behaviors in rats with fear memory after repeated administration, and the sex-specific effects of dexmedetomidine should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Jang
- Department of Science Education, Dankook University, 152 Jukjeon-ro, Suji-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 16890, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesub Jung
- Department of Science Education, Dankook University, 152 Jukjeon-ro, Suji-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 16890, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Biosignal Analysis and Perioperative Outcome Research Laboratory, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jihyun Noh
- Department of Science Education, Dankook University, 152 Jukjeon-ro, Suji-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 16890, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Nyman M, Eskola O, Kajander J, Jokinen R, Penttinen J, Karjalainen T, Nummenmaa L, Hirvonen J, Burns D, Hargreaves R, Solin O, Hietala J. Brain neurokinin-1 receptor availability in never-medicated patients with major depression - A pilot study. J Affect Disord 2019; 242:188-194. [PMID: 30193189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.08.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurotransmitter substance P (SP) and its preferred neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R) have been implicated in the treatment of affective and addiction disorders. Despite promising preclinical data on antidepressant action, the clinical trials of NK1R antagonists in major depression have been disappointing. There are no direct in vivo imaging studies on NK1R characteristics in patients with a major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS In this cross-sectional case-control study, we recruited nine never-medicated patients with moderate to severe MDD and nine matched healthy controls. NK1R availability (NK1R binding potential, BPND) was measured with in vivo 3-D positron emission tomography and a specific NK1 receptor tracer [18F]SPA-RQ. Clinical symptoms were assessed with the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D17). RESULTS NK1R-BPND did not differ statistically significantly between patients with MDD and healthy controls. HAM-D17 total scores (range 21-32) correlated positively with NK1R-BPND in cortical and limbic areas. HAM-D17 subscale score for anxiety symptoms correlated positively with NK1R-BPND in specific brain areas implicated in fear and anxiety. LIMITATIONS Small sample size. Low variability in the clinical HAM-D subscale ratings may affect the observed correlations. CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary results do not support a different baseline expression of NK1Rs in a representative sample of never-medicated patients with MDD during a current moderate/severe depressive episode. The modulatory effect of NK1Rs on affective symptoms is in line with early positive results on antidepressant action of NK1 antagonists. However, the effect is likely to be too weak for treatment of MDD with NK1R antagonists alone in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko Nyman
- Turku PET Centre, Neuropsychiatric Imaging, Turku, Finland; Department of Radiology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Eskola
- Turku PET Centre, Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Turku, Finland
| | - Jaana Kajander
- Turku PET Centre, Neuropsychiatric Imaging, Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Jokinen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jukka Penttinen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | | | | | - Jussi Hirvonen
- Turku PET Centre, Neuropsychiatric Imaging, Turku, Finland; Department of Radiology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Donald Burns
- Imaging Research, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA, USA
| | | | - Olof Solin
- Turku PET Centre, Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Turku, Finland; Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jarmo Hietala
- Turku PET Centre, Neuropsychiatric Imaging, Turku, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
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Vrinda M, Arun S, Srikumar B, Kutty BM, Shankaranarayana Rao B. Temporal lobe epilepsy-induced neurodegeneration and cognitive deficits: Implications for aging. J Chem Neuroanat 2019; 95:146-153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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A functional genetic variation of SLC6A2 repressor hsa-miR-579-3p upregulates sympathetic noradrenergic processes of fear and anxiety. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:226. [PMID: 30341278 PMCID: PMC6195525 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0278-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased sympathetic noradrenergic signaling is crucially involved in fear and anxiety as defensive states. MicroRNAs regulate dynamic gene expression during synaptic plasticity and genetic variation of microRNAs modulating noradrenaline transporter gene (SLC6A2) expression may thus lead to altered central and peripheral processing of fear and anxiety. In silico prediction of microRNA regulation of SLC6A2 was confirmed by luciferase reporter assays and identified hsa-miR-579-3p as a regulating microRNA. The minor (T)-allele of rs2910931 (MAFcases = 0.431, MAFcontrols = 0.368) upstream of MIR579 was associated with panic disorder in patients (pallelic = 0.004, ncases = 506, ncontrols = 506) and with higher trait anxiety in healthy individuals (pASI = 0.029, pACQ = 0.047, n = 3112). Compared to the major (A)-allele, increased promoter activity was observed in luciferase reporter assays in vitro suggesting more effective MIR579 expression and SLC6A2 repression in vivo (p = 0.041). Healthy individuals carrying at least one (T)-allele showed a brain activation pattern suggesting increased defensive responding and sympathetic noradrenergic activation in midbrain and limbic areas during the extinction of conditioned fear. Panic disorder patients carrying two (T)-alleles showed elevated heart rates in an anxiety-provoking behavioral avoidance test (F(2, 270) = 5.47, p = 0.005). Fine-tuning of noradrenaline homeostasis by a MIR579 genetic variation modulated central and peripheral sympathetic noradrenergic activation during fear processing and anxiety. This study opens new perspectives on the role of microRNAs in the etiopathogenesis of anxiety disorders, particularly their cardiovascular symptoms and comorbidities.
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The onset of treatment with the antidepressant desipramine is critical for the emotional consequences of neuropathic pain. Pain 2018; 159:2606-2619. [DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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Silva BA, Leal MC, Farías MI, Avalos JC, Besada CH, Pitossi FJ, Ferrari CC. A new focal model resembling features of cortical pathology of the progressive forms of multiple sclerosis: Influence of innate immunity. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 69:515-531. [PMID: 29378262 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and demyelinating disease of unknown aetiology that causes neurological disabilities in young adults. MS displays different clinical patterns, including recurrent episodes with remission periods ("relapsing-remitting MS" (RRMS)), which can progress over several years to a secondary progressive form (SPMS). However, 10% of patients display persistent progression at the onset of disease ("primary progressive MS" (PPMS)). Currently, no specific therapeutic agents are available for the progressive forms, mainly because the underlying pathogenic mechanisms are not clear and because no animal models have been specifically developed for these forms. The development of MS animal models is required to clarify the pathological mechanisms and to test novel therapeutic agents. In the present work, we overexpressed interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) in the cortex to develop an animal model reflecting the main pathological hallmarks of MS. The treated animals presented with neuroinflammation, demyelination, glial activation, and neurodegeneration along with cognitive symptoms and MRI images consistent with MS pathology. We also demonstrated the presence of meningeal inflammation close to cortical lesions, with characteristics similar to those described in MS patients. Systemic pro-inflammatory stimulation caused a flare-up of the cortical lesions and behavioural symptoms, including impairment of working memory and the appearance of anxiety-like symptoms. Our work demonstrated induced cortical lesions, reflecting the main histopathological hallmarks and cognitive impairments characterizing the cortical pathology described in MS patients with progressive forms of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berenice Anabel Silva
- Institute of Basic Science and Experimental Medicine (ICBME), University Institute, Italian Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Leloir Institute Foundation, Institute for Biochemical Investigations of Buenos Aires, (IIBBA, CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Celeste Leal
- Leloir Institute Foundation, Institute for Biochemical Investigations of Buenos Aires, (IIBBA, CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Isabel Farías
- Leloir Institute Foundation, Institute for Biochemical Investigations of Buenos Aires, (IIBBA, CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Fernando Juan Pitossi
- Leloir Institute Foundation, Institute for Biochemical Investigations of Buenos Aires, (IIBBA, CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carina Cintia Ferrari
- Institute of Basic Science and Experimental Medicine (ICBME), University Institute, Italian Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Leloir Institute Foundation, Institute for Biochemical Investigations of Buenos Aires, (IIBBA, CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Abstract
There is significant variation in the way individuals react and respond to extreme stress and adversity. While some individuals develop psychiatric conditions such as posttraumatic stress disorder or major depressive disorder, others recover from stressful experiences without displaying significant symptoms of psychological ill-health, demonstrating stress-resilience. To understand why some individuals exhibit characteristics of a resilient profile, the interplay between neurochemical, genetic, and epigenetic processes over time needs to be explained. In this review, we examine the hormones, neuropeptides, neurotransmitters, and neural circuits associated with resilience and vulnerability to stress-related disorders. We debate how this increasing body of knowledge could also be useful in the creation of a stress-resilient profile. Additionally, identification of the underlying neurobiological components related to resilience may offer a contribution to improved approaches toward the prevention and treatment of stress-related disorders.
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Fonagy P, Luyten P. Conduct problems in youth and the RDoC approach: A developmental, evolutionary-based view. Clin Psychol Rev 2017; 64:57-76. [PMID: 28935341 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Problems related to aggression in young people are traditionally subsumed under the header of conduct problems, which include conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder. Such problems in children and adolescents are an important societal and mental health problem. In this paper we present an evolutionarily informed developmental psychopathology view of conduct problems inspired by the NIMH Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative. We assume that while there are many pathways to conduct problems, chronic or temporary impairments in the domain of social cognition or mentalizing are a common denominator. Specifically, we conceptualize conduct problems as reflecting temporary or chronic difficulties with mentalizing, that is, the capacity to understand the self and others in terms of intentional mental states, leading to a failure to inhibit interpersonal violence through a process of perspective-taking and empathy. These difficulties, in turn, stem from impairments in making use of a normally evolutionarily protected social learning system that functions to facilitate intergenerational knowledge transmission and protect social collaborative processes from impulsive and aggressive action. Temperamental, biological, and social risk factors in different combinations may all contribute to this outcome. This adaptation then interacts with impairments in other domains of functioning, such as in negative and positive valence systems and cognitive systems. This view highlights the importance of a complex interplay among biological, psychological, and environmental factors in understanding the origins of conduct problems. We outline the implications of these views for future research and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Fonagy
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, UK.
| | - Patrick Luyten
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, UK; Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
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Guleria A, Karyampudi A, Singh R, Khetrapal CL, Verma A, Ghoshal UC, Kumar D. Mapping of Brain Activations to Rectal Balloon Distension Stimuli in Male Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2017; 23:415-427. [PMID: 28192648 PMCID: PMC5503292 DOI: 10.5056/jnm16148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is associated with exaggerated cerebral response including emotional processing following visceral stimulation; though data on this issue is available in female IBS patients, it is scanty among males. Hence, we aimed to study brain response of male IBS patients following rectal balloon distension as compared to healthy controls using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Data between diarrhea and constipation predominant IBS (IBS-D and IBS-C) were also compared. Methods Rectal balloon distension threshold was assessed in 20 male IBS patients (10 IBS-C and 10 IBS-D) and 10 age-matched male healthy controls. Subsequently, fMRI on all the participants was performed at their respective rectal pain threshold. The fMRI data were analysed using the Statistical Parametric Mapping software. Results IBS patients showed greater cerebral activations in insula, middle temporal gyrus, and cerebellum in the left hemisphere compared to healthy controls. Neural activation was found in bilateral precuneus/superior parietal lobules in controls but not in patients with IBS. The brain activation differed among IBS-C and IBS-D patients; while the right mid-cingulate cortex was activated in IBS-C, the left inferior orbito-frontal cortex, left calcarine, and bilateral fusiform gyri were activated among patients with IBS-D following rectal balloon distension. Conclusions Brain response to rectal balloon distension differed among male patients with IBS and controls and among patients with IBS-C and IBS-D. Differential activation among patients with IBS-C and IBS-D was seen in the brain regions controlling affective motivation, homeostatic emotions, and autonomic responses to pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Guleria
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arun Karyampudi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajan Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Chunni L Khetrapal
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhai Verma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Uday C Ghoshal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Onaolapo AY, Onaolapo OJ, Nwoha PU. Aspartame and the hippocampus: Revealing a bi-directional, dose/time-dependent behavioural and morphological shift in mice. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2017; 139:76-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2016.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Mather M, Joo Yoo H, Clewett DV, Lee TH, Greening SG, Ponzio A, Min J, Thayer JF. Higher locus coeruleus MRI contrast is associated with lower parasympathetic influence over heart rate variability. Neuroimage 2017; 150:329-335. [PMID: 28215623 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The locus coeruleus (LC) is a key node of the sympathetic nervous system and suppresses parasympathetic activity that would otherwise increase heart rate variability. In the current study, we examined whether LC-MRI contrast reflecting neuromelanin accumulation in the LC was associated with high-frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV), a measure reflecting parasympathetic influences on the heart. Recent evidence indicates that neuromelanin, a byproduct of catecholamine metabolism, accumulates in the LC through young and mid adulthood, suggesting that LC-MRI contrast may be a useful biomarker of individual differences in habitual LC activation. We found that, across younger and older adults, greater LC-MRI contrast was negatively associated with HF-HRV during fear conditioning and spatial detection tasks. This correlation was not accounted for by individual differences in age or anxiety. These findings indicate that individual differences in LC structure relate to key cardiovascular parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Mather
- Emotion and Cognition Lab, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Hyun Joo Yoo
- Emotion and Cognition Lab, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - David V Clewett
- Emotion and Cognition Lab, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Tae-Ho Lee
- Emotion and Cognition Lab, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Steven G Greening
- Emotion and Cognition Lab, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Allison Ponzio
- Emotion and Cognition Lab, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jungwon Min
- Emotion and Cognition Lab, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Julian F Thayer
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Onaolapo OJ, Adekola MA, Azeez TO, Salami K, Onaolapo AY. l-Methionine and silymarin: A comparison of prophylactic protective capabilities in acetaminophen-induced injuries of the liver, kidney and cerebral cortex. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 85:323-333. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Horn SR, Charney DS, Feder A. Understanding resilience: New approaches for preventing and treating PTSD. Exp Neurol 2016; 284:119-132. [PMID: 27417856 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
All individuals experience stressful life events, and up to 84% of the general population will experience at least one potentially traumatic event. In some cases, acute or chronic stressors lead to the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or other psychopathology; however, the majority of people are resilient to such effects. Resilience is the ability to adapt successfully in the face of stress and adversity. A wealth of research has begun to identify the genetic, epigenetic, neural, and environmental underpinnings of resilience, and has indicated that resilience is mediated by adaptive changes encompassing several environmental factors, neural circuits, numerous neurotransmitters, and molecular pathways. The first part of this review focuses on recent findings regarding the genetic, epigenetic, developmental, psychosocial, and neurochemical factors as well as neural circuits and molecular pathways that underlie the development of resilience. Emerging and exciting areas of research and novel methodological approaches, including genome-wide gene expression studies, immune, endocannabinoid, oxytocin, and glutamatergic systems, are explored to help delineate innovative mechanisms that may contribute to resilience. The second part reviews several interventions and preventative approaches designed to enhance resilience in both developmental and adult populations. Specifically, the review will delineate approaches aimed to bolster resilience in individuals with PTSD. Furthermore, we discuss novel pharmacologic approaches, including the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor ketamine and neuropeptide Y (NPY), as exciting new prospects for not only the treatment of PTSD but as new targets to enhance resilience. Our growing understanding of resilience and interventions will hopefully lead to the development of new strategies for not just treating PTSD but also screening and early identification of at-risk youth and adults. Taken together, efforts aimed at dissemination and implementation of novel interventions to enhance resilience will have to keep pace with the growth of new preventive and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Horn
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dennis S Charney
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adriana Feder
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Emotional processing and rTMS: does inhibitory theta burst stimulation affect the human startle reflex? J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2016; 123:1121-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-016-1568-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Carvalho-Costa PG, Branco LGS, Leite-Panissi CRA. Activation of locus coeruleus heme oxygenase-carbon monoxide pathway promoted an anxiolytic-like effect in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 49:e5135. [PMID: 27074170 PMCID: PMC4830028 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20165135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The heme oxygenase-carbon monoxide pathway has been shown to play an important role
in many physiological processes and is capable of altering nociception modulation in
the nervous system by stimulating soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC). In the central
nervous system, the locus coeruleus (LC) is known to be a region that expresses the
heme oxygenase enzyme (HO), which catalyzes the metabolism of heme to carbon monoxide
(CO). Additionally, several lines of evidence have suggested that the LC can be
involved in the modulation of emotional states such as fear and anxiety. The purpose
of this investigation was to evaluate the activation of the heme oxygenase-carbon
monoxide pathway in the LC in the modulation of anxiety by using the elevated plus
maze test (EPM) and light-dark box test (LDB) in rats. Experiments were performed on
adult male Wistar rats weighing 250-300 g (n=182). The results showed that the
intra-LC microinjection of heme-lysinate (600 nmol), a substrate for the enzyme HO,
increased the number of entries into the open arms and the percentage of time spent
in open arms in the elevated plus maze test, indicating a decrease in anxiety.
Additionally, in the LDB test, intra-LC administration of heme-lysinate promoted an
increase on time spent in the light compartment of the box. The
intracerebroventricular microinjection of guanylate cyclase, an sGC inhibitor
followed by the intra-LC microinjection of the heme-lysinate blocked the
anxiolytic-like reaction on the EPM test and LDB test. It can therefore be concluded
that CO in the LC produced by the HO pathway and acting via cGMP plays an
anxiolytic-like role in the LC of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Carvalho-Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicobiologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - L G S Branco
- Departamento de Morfologia, Fisiologia e Patologia Básica, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - C R A Leite-Panissi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicobiologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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Krishnan B, Scott MT, Pollandt S, Schroeder B, Kurosky A, Shinnick-Gallagher P. Fear potentiated startle increases phospholipase D (PLD) expression/activity and PLD-linked metabotropic glutamate receptor mediated post-tetanic potentiation in rat amygdala. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2016; 128:65-79. [PMID: 26748024 PMCID: PMC4744522 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Long-term memory (LTM) of fear stores activity dependent modifications that include changes in amygdala signaling. Previously, we identified an enhanced probability of release of glutamate mediated signaling to be important in rat fear potentiated startle (FPS), a well-established translational behavioral measure of fear. Here, we investigated short- and long-term synaptic plasticity in FPS involving metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) and associated downstream proteomic changes in the thalamic-lateral amygdala pathway (Th-LA). Aldolase A, an inhibitor of phospholipase D (PLD), expression was reduced, concurrent with significantly elevated PLD protein expression. Blocking the PLD-mGluR signaling significantly reduced PLD activity. While transmitter release probability increased in FPS, PLD-mGluR agonist and antagonist actions were occluded. In the unpaired group (UNP), blocking the PLD-mGluR increased while activating the receptor decreased transmitter release probability, consistent with decreased synaptic potentials during tetanic stimulation. FPS Post-tetanic potentiation (PTP) immediately following long-term potentiation (LTP) induction was significantly increased. Blocking PLD-mGluR signaling prevented PTP and reduced cumulative PTP probability but not LTP maintenance in both groups. These effects are similar to those mediated through mGluR7, which is co-immunoprecipitated with PLD in FPS. Lastly, blocking mGluR-PLD in the rat amygdala was sufficient to prevent behavioral expression of fear memory. Thus, our study in the Th-LA pathway provides the first evidence for PLD as an important target of mGluR signaling in amygdala fear-associated memory. Importantly, the PLD-mGluR provides a novel therapeutic target for treating maladaptive fear memories in posttraumatic stress and anxiety disorders.
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MESH Headings
- Amygdala/enzymology
- Amygdala/physiology
- Animals
- Conditioning, Classical/drug effects
- Conditioning, Classical/physiology
- Cyclopropanes/pharmacology
- Electric Stimulation
- Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials/drug effects
- Fear/drug effects
- Fear/physiology
- Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase/metabolism
- Glycine/analogs & derivatives
- Glycine/pharmacology
- Long-Term Potentiation/drug effects
- Male
- Memory, Long-Term/drug effects
- Memory, Long-Term/physiology
- Neural Pathways/drug effects
- Neural Pathways/physiology
- Phospholipase D/antagonists & inhibitors
- Phospholipase D/metabolism
- Phospholipase D/physiology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/agonists
- Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/physiology
- Reflex, Startle/drug effects
- Reflex, Startle/physiology
- Thalamus/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Krishnan
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States; UTMB Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States.
| | - Michael T Scott
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Sebastian Pollandt
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Bradley Schroeder
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Alexander Kurosky
- UTMB NHLBI Proteomics Center, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
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Shaikh M, Arulsamy A. The impact of epilepsy on the manifestation of anxiety disorder. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4103/2231-0738.173783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Jüngling K, Lange MD, Szkudlarek HJ, Lesting J, Erdmann FS, Doengi M, Kügler S, Pape HC. Increased GABAergic Efficacy of Central Amygdala Projections to Neuropeptide S Neurons in the Brainstem During Fear Memory Retrieval. Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 40:2753-63. [PMID: 25936641 PMCID: PMC4864651 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The canonical view on the central amygdala has evolved from a simple output station towards a highly organized microcircuitry, in which types of GABAergic neurons in centrolateral (CeL) and centromedial (CeM) subnuclei regulate fear expression and generalization. How these specific neuronal populations are connected to extra-amygdaloid target regions remains largely unknown. Here we show in mice that a subpopulation of GABAergic CeL and CeM neurons projects monosynaptically to brainstem neurons expressing neuropeptide S (NPS). The CeL neurons are PKCδ-negative and are activated during conditioned fear. During fear memory retrieval, the efficacy of this GABAergic influence on NPS neurons is enhanced. Moreover, a large proportion of these neurons (~50%) contain prodynorphin and somatostatin, two neuropeptides inhibiting NPS neurons. We conclude that CeL and CeM neurons inhibit NPS neurons in the brainstem by GABA release and that efficacy of this connection is strengthened upon fear memory retrieval. Thereby, this pathway provides a possible feedback mechanism between amygdala and brainstem routes involved in fear and stress coping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay Jüngling
- Institute of Physiology I, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany,Institute of Physiology I, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 27a, Münster D-48149, Germany. E-mail: or
| | - Maren D Lange
- Institute of Physiology I, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hanna J Szkudlarek
- Institute of Physiology I, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jörg Lesting
- Institute of Physiology I, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Frank S Erdmann
- Institute of Physiology I, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Doengi
- Institute of Physiology I, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kügler
- Department of Neurology, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Christian Pape
- Institute of Physiology I, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany,Institute of Physiology I, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 27a, Münster D-48149, Germany. E-mail: or
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LeMonda BC, Mahoney JR, Verghese J, Holtzer R. The Association between High Neuroticism-Low Extraversion and Dual-Task Performance during Walking While Talking in Non-demented Older Adults. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2015; 21:519-30. [PMID: 26527241 PMCID: PMC4867496 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617715000570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The Walking While Talking (WWT) dual-task paradigm is a mobility stress test that predicts major outcomes, including falls, frailty, disability, and mortality in aging. Certain personality traits, such as neuroticism, extraversion, and their combination, have been linked to both cognitive and motor outcomes. We examined whether individual differences in personality dimensions of neuroticism and extraversion predicted dual-task performance decrements (both motor and cognitive) on a WWT task in non-demented older adults. We hypothesized that the combined effect of high neuroticism-low extraversion would be related to greater dual-task costs in gait velocity and cognitive performance in non-demented older adults. Participants (N=295; age range,=65-95 years; female=164) completed the Big Five Inventory and WWT task involving concurrent gait and a serial 7's subtraction task. Gait velocity was obtained using an instrumented walkway. The high neuroticism-low extraversion group incurred greater dual-task costs (i.e., worse performance) in both gait velocity {95% confidence interval (CI) [-17.68 to -3.07]} and cognitive performance (95% CI [-19.34 to -2.44]) compared to the low neuroticism-high extraversion group, suggesting that high neuroticism-low extraversion interferes with the allocation of attentional resources to competing task demands during the WWT task. Older individuals with high neuroticism-low extraversion may be at higher risk for falls, mobility decline and other adverse outcomes in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeannette R. Mahoney
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York
| | - Joe Verghese
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York
| | - Roee Holtzer
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York
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Tursich M, Ros T, Frewen PA, Kluetsch RC, Calhoun VD, Lanius RA. Distinct intrinsic network connectivity patterns of post-traumatic stress disorder symptom clusters. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2015; 132:29-38. [PMID: 25572430 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is considered a multidimensional disorder, with distinct symptom clusters including re-experiencing, avoidance/numbing, hyperarousal, and most recently depersonalization/derealization. However, the extent of differing intrinsic network connectivity underlying these symptoms has not been fully investigated. We therefore investigated the degree of association between resting connectivity of the salience (SN), default mode (DMN), and central executive (CEN) networks and PTSD symptom severity. METHOD Using resting-state functional MRI data from PTSD participants (n = 21), we conducted multivariate analyses to test whether connectivity of extracted independent components varied as a function of re-experiencing, avoidance/numbing, hyperarousal, and depersonalization/derealization. RESULTS Hyperarousal symptoms were associated with reduced connectivity of posterior insula/superior temporal gyrus within SN [peak Montréal Neurological Institute (MNI): -44, -8, 0, t = -4.2512, k = 40]. Depersonalization/derealization severity was associated with decreased connectivity of perigenual anterior cingulate/ventromedial prefrontal cortex within ventral anterior DMN (peak MNI: 8, 40, -4; t = -3.8501; k = 15) and altered synchrony between two DMN components and between DMN and CEN. CONCLUSION Our results are consistent with prior research showing intrinsic network disruptions in PTSD and imply heterogeneous connectivity patterns underlying PTSD symptom dimensions. These findings suggest possible biomarkers for PTSD and its dissociative subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tursich
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - T Ros
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, The University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P A Frewen
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Neuroscience, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - R C Kluetsch
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | - V D Calhoun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.,The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - R A Lanius
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Neuroscience, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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Aggression and anxiety in adolescent AAS-treated hamsters: A role for 5HT3 receptors. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015; 134:85-91. [PMID: 25959831 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we have shown that anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) exposure throughout adolescence stimulates offensive aggression while also reducing anxious behaviors during the exposure period. Interestingly, AAS exposure through development correlates with alterations to the serotonin system in regions known to contain 5HT3 receptors that influence the control of both aggression and anxiety. Despite these effects, little is known about whether these separate developmental AAS-induced behavioral alterations occur as a function of a common neuroanatomical locus. To begin to address this question, we localized 5HT3 receptors in regions that have been implicated in aggression and anxiety. To examine the impact these receptors may have on AAS alterations to behavior, we microinjected the 5HT3 agonist mCPBG directly into a region know for its influence over aggressive behavior, the lateral division of the anterior hypothalamus, and recorded alterations to anxious behaviors using the elevated plus maze. AAS exposure primarily reduced the presence of 5HT3 receptors in aggression/anxiety regions. Accordingly, mCPBG blocked the anxiolytic effects of adolescent AAS exposure. These data suggest that the 5HT3 receptor plays a critical role in the circuit modulating developmental AAS-induced changes to both aggressive and anxious behaviors, and further implicates the lateral division of the anterior hypothalamus as an important center for the negative behavioral effects of developmental AAS-exposure.
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Nathan FM, Ogawa S, Parhar IS. Kisspeptin1 modulates odorant-evoked fear response via two serotonin receptor subtypes (5-HT1A
and 5-HT2
) in zebrafish. J Neurochem 2015; 133:870-8. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima M. Nathan
- Brain Research Institute; School of Medicine and Health Sciences; Monash University Malaysia; Bandar Sunway Selangor Malaysia
| | - Satoshi Ogawa
- Brain Research Institute; School of Medicine and Health Sciences; Monash University Malaysia; Bandar Sunway Selangor Malaysia
| | - Ishwar S. Parhar
- Brain Research Institute; School of Medicine and Health Sciences; Monash University Malaysia; Bandar Sunway Selangor Malaysia
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Trauma-induced insomnia: A novel model for trauma and sleep research. Sleep Med Rev 2015; 25:74-83. [PMID: 26140870 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic events have been increasingly recognized as important precipitants of clinically significant insomnia. Trauma is an extreme form of stressful life event that generates a sustained neurobiological response triggering the onset and maintenance of insomnia. Trauma may disrupt the normal sleep-wake regulatory mechanism by sensitizing the central nervous system's arousal centers, leading to pronounced central and physiological hyperarousal. The central concept of hyperarousal has been linked to both the pathogenesis of insomnia and to the neurobiological changes in the aftermath of traumatic events, and may be a neurobiological commonality underlying trauma and insomnia. This paper presents evidence for trauma-induced insomnia and advances a model of it as an important nosological and neurobiological entity. Trauma-induced insomnia may occur in the absence of full-blown posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and may also be a precursor of subsequent PTSD development. Converging lines of evidence from the neuroscience of insomnia with the neurobiology and psychophysiology of stress, fear, trauma and PTSD will be integrated to advance understanding of the condition. Preclinical and clinical stress and fear paradigms have informed the neurobiological pathways mediating the production of insomnia by trauma. Elucidating the underlying neurobiological substrates can establish novel biological markers to identify persons at risk for the condition, and help optimize treatment of the trauma-insomnia interface. Early identification and treatment of trauma-induced insomnia may prevent the development of PTSD, as well as other important sequelae such as depression, substance dependence, and other medical conditions.
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Medial prefrontal cortex serotonergic and GABAergic mechanisms modulate the expression of contextual fear: Intratelencephalic pathways and differential involvement of cortical subregions. Neuroscience 2015; 284:988-997. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abstract
A limbic brain area, the amygdala plays a key role in emotional responses and affective states and disorders such as learned fear, anxiety, and depression. The amygdala has also emerged as an important brain center for the emotional-affective dimension of pain and for pain modulation. Hyperactivity in the laterocapsular division of the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeLC, also termed the "nociceptive amygdala") accounts for pain-related emotional responses and anxiety-like behavior. Abnormally enhanced output from the CeLC is the consequence of an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms. Impaired inhibitory control mediated by a cluster of GABAergic interneurons in the intercalated cell masses (ITC) allows the development of glutamate- and neuropeptide-driven synaptic plasticity of excitatory inputs from the brainstem (parabrachial area) and from the lateral-basolateral amygdala network (LA-BLA, site of integration of polymodal sensory information). BLA hyperactivity also generates abnormally enhanced feedforward inhibition of principal cells in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), a limbic cortical area that is strongly interconnected with the amygdala. Pain-related mPFC deactivation results in cognitive deficits and failure to engage cortically driven ITC-mediated inhibitory control of amygdala processing. Impaired cortical control allows the uncontrolled persistence of amygdala pain mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Neugebauer
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Center for Translational Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX, 79430-6592, USA,
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Yan X, Lazar M, Shalev AY, Neylan TC, Wolkowitz OM, Brown AD, Henn-Haase C, Yehuda R, Flory JD, Abu-Amara D, Sodickson DK, Marmar CR. WITHDRAWN: Precuneal and amygdala spontaneous activity and functional connectivity in war-zone-related PTSD. Psychiatry Res 2014:S0925-4927(14)00328-X. [PMID: 25561375 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Yan
- Steven and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center for the Study of Posttraumatic Stress and Traumatic Brain Injury, Department of Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Mariana Lazar
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arieh Y Shalev
- Steven and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center for the Study of Posttraumatic Stress and Traumatic Brain Injury, Department of Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas C Neylan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Owen M Wolkowitz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Adam D Brown
- Steven and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center for the Study of Posttraumatic Stress and Traumatic Brain Injury, Department of Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychology, Sarah Lawrence College, Bronxville, NY, USA
| | - Clare Henn-Haase
- Steven and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center for the Study of Posttraumatic Stress and Traumatic Brain Injury, Department of Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rachel Yehuda
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Janine D Flory
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Duna Abu-Amara
- Steven and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center for the Study of Posttraumatic Stress and Traumatic Brain Injury, Department of Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel K Sodickson
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles R Marmar
- Steven and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center for the Study of Posttraumatic Stress and Traumatic Brain Injury, Department of Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Liu B, Feng J, Wang JH. Protein kinase C is essential for kainate-induced anxiety-related behavior and glutamatergic synapse upregulation in prelimbic cortex. CNS Neurosci Ther 2014; 20:982-90. [PMID: 25180671 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Anxiety is one of common mood disorders, in which the deficit of serotonergic and GABAergic synaptic functions in the amygdala and prefrontal cortex is believed to be involved. The pathological changes at the glutamatergic synapses and neurons in these brain regions as well as their underlying mechanisms remain elusive, which we aim to investigate. METHODS An agonist of kainate-type glutamate receptors, kainic acid, was applied to induce anxiety-related behaviors. The morphology and functions of glutamatergic synapses in the prelimbic region of mouse prefrontal cortex were analyzed using cellular imaging and electrophysiology. RESULTS After kainate-induced anxiety is onset, the signal transmission at the glutamatergic synapses is upregulated, and the dendritic spine heads are enlarged. In terms of the molecular mechanisms, the upregulated synaptic plasticity is associated with the expression of more protein kinase C (PKC) in the dendritic spines. Chelerythrine, a PKC inhibitor, reverses kainate-induced anxiety and anxiety-related glutamatergic synapse upregulation. CONCLUSION The activation of glutamatergic kainate-type receptors leads to anxiety-related behaviors and glutamatergic synapse upregulation through protein kinase C in the prelimbic region of the mouse prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Liu
- College of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; State Key Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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46
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Allen B, Jennings JR, Gianaros PJ, Thayer JF, Manuck SB. Resting high-frequency heart rate variability is related to resting brain perfusion. Psychophysiology 2014; 52:277-87. [PMID: 25174686 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We examined the neural correlates of resting cardiac vagal activity in a sample of 432 participants (206 male; 61 African American; mean age 42 years). Pulsed arterial spin labeling was used to quantify whole brain and regional cerebral blood flow at rest. High-frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV) was used to measure cardiac vagal activity at rest. The primary aim was to determine whether brain regions implicated in regulating cardiac vagal reactions were also related to cardiac vagal activity at rest, and whether these associations varied by sex or race. Brain areas previously related to vagal reactivity were related to resting HF-HRV. Directionality of relationships differed between overall and regional flows. Some relationships were only observed in women and African Americans. There appears to be communality between brain regions associated with task-induced vagal reactivity and those associated with resting cardiac vagal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Allen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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47
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Brain Circulation during Panic Attack: A Transcranial Doppler Study with Clomipramine Challenge. PSYCHIATRY JOURNAL 2014; 2014:296862. [PMID: 24829899 PMCID: PMC3994900 DOI: 10.1155/2014/296862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. Cerebral blood flow has been well studied in patients with panic disorder, but only few studies analyzed the mechanisms underlying the onset of a panic attack. The aim of the present study was to monitor the cerebral hemodynamics modifications during a panic attack. Materials and Methods. 10 panic disorder patients with recent onset, fully drug naïve, were compared to 13 patients with panic disorder with a previous history of treatment and to 14 controls. A continuous bilateral monitoring of mean flow velocities in right and left middle cerebral arteries was performed by transcranial Doppler. Clomipramine was chosen as challenge. Results. Eight out of 10 patients drug naïve and 6 control subjects out of 13 had a full blown panic attack during the test, whereas none of the patients with a history of treatment panicked. The occurrence of a panic attack was accompanied by a rapid decrease of flow velocities in both right and left middle cerebral arteries. Discussion. The bilateral acute decrease of mean flow velocity during a panic attack suggests the vasoconstriction of the microcirculation of deep brain structures perfused by middle cerebral arteries and involved in the so-called "fear circuitry," thus suggesting that cerebral homeostatic dysfunctions seem to have a key role in the onset of a panic attack.
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Joo SH, Jeong JH, Hong SC. A case report of suicidal behavior related to subclinical hyperthyroidism. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2014; 10:641-3. [PMID: 24790446 PMCID: PMC4000243 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s60881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities in thyroid function are associated with many psychiatric symptoms. We present a report of a 15-year-old girl who was admitted to the psychiatry inpatient unit with symptoms of suicidal behavior, irritability, and impulsivity. One year previously, she had become more short-tempered, and had started to cut her wrists impulsively. Laboratory tests revealed subclinical hyperthyroidism. She was treated with anxiolytic and antithyroid drugs, and her suicidal ideation and irritability resolved. This case demonstrates that subclinical hyperthyroidism can be associated with suicidal behavior as well as overt hyperthyroidism. Early intervention is required to prevent suicidal behavior in patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Hyun Joo
- Department of Psychiatry, St Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Jeong
- Department of Psychiatry, St Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Seung-Chul Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, St Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
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Vollert C, Ohia O, Akasaka H, Berridge C, Ruan KH, Eriksen JL. Elevated prostacyclin biosynthesis in mice impacts memory and anxiety-like behavior. Behav Brain Res 2014; 258:138-44. [PMID: 24140503 PMCID: PMC3849419 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 10/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Prostacyclin is an endogenous lipid metabolite with properties of vasodilation and anti-platelet aggregation. While the effects of prostacyclin on the vascular protection have been well-documented, the role of this eicosanoid in the central nervous system has not been extensively studied. Recently, a transgenic mouse containing a hybrid enzyme, of cyclooxygenase-1 linked to prostacyclin synthase, was developed that produces elevated levels of prostacyclin in vivo. The goal of this study was to investigate whether increased prostacyclin biosynthesis could affect behavioral phenotypes in mice. Our results uncovered that elevated levels of prostacyclin broadly affect both cognitive and non-cognitive behaviors, including decreased anxiety-like behavior and improved learning in the fear-conditioning memory test. This study demonstrates that prostacyclin plays an important, but previously unrecognized, role in central nervous system function and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Vollert
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
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Lin CH, Yen YC, Chen MC, Chen CC. Relief of depression and pain improves daily functioning and quality of life in patients with major depressive disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2013; 47:93-8. [PMID: 23989033 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of depression relief and pain relief on the improvement in daily functioning and quality of life (QOL) for depressed patients receiving a 6-week treatment of fluoxetine. METHOD A total of 131 acutely ill inpatients with major depressive disorder (MDD) were enrolled to receive 20mg of fluoxetine daily for 6 weeks. Depression severity, pain severity, daily functioning, and health-related QOL were assessed at baseline and again at week 6. Depression severity, pain severity, and daily functioning were assessed using the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, the Short-Form 36 (SF-36) Body Pain Index, and the Work and Social Adjustment Scale. Health-related QOL was assessed by three primary domains of the SF-36, including social functioning, vitality, and general health perceptions. Pearson's correlation and structural equation modeling were used to examine relationships among the study variables. Five models were proposed. In model 1, depression relief alone improved daily functioning and QOL. In model 2, pain relief alone improved daily functioning and QOL. In model 3, depression relief, mediated by pain relief, improved daily functioning and QOL. In model 4, pain relief, mediated by depression relief, improved daily functioning and QOL. In model 5, both depression relief and pain relief improved daily functioning and QOL. RESULTS One hundred and six patients completed all the measures at baseline and at week 6. Model 5 was the most fitted structural equation model (χ(2) = 8.62, df = 8, p = 0.376, GFI = 0.975, AGFI = 0.935, TLI = 0.992, CFI = 0.996, RMSEA = 0.027). CONCLUSION Interventions which relieve depression and pain improve daily functioning and QOL among patients with MDD. The proposed model can provide quantitative estimates of improvement in treating patients with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Hua Lin
- Kaohsiung Municipal Kai-Syuan Psychiatric Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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