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Sarvas E, Webb J, Landrigan-Ossar M, Yin L. Oral Health Care for Children and Youth With Developmental Disabilities: Clinical Report. Pediatrics 2024; 154:e2024067603. [PMID: 39034828 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2024-067603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral health is an essential component of overall health for all individuals. The oral health of children and youth with developmental disabilities (CYDD) involves unique characteristics and needs of which pediatricians and pediatric clinicians can be aware. Risk for oral disease in CYDD is multifactorial and includes underlying medical conditions, medications, and ability to participate in preventive oral health care and treatment, and lack of access to providers is common for this population despite being eligible for Medicaid. Pediatric clinicians are uniquely positioned to support the oral health needs of CYDD and their families through the medical home. This clinical report aims to inform pediatric clinicians about the unique oral health needs of CYDD. It provides guidance on assessing caries risk and periodontal status using structured screening instruments; understanding dental trauma, the role of diet and caries risk, trauma prevention, and malocclusion; and providing anticipatory guidance on oral hygiene that includes tooth brushing, use of fluoridated toothpaste, assessing community water fluoridation, advocating for a dental home by 1 year of age, and transition to adult dental care as part of adolescent health care. It also highlights special considerations for dental treatment rendered under sedation or general anesthesia that CYDD may need. Pediatric clinicians can help reduce risk of CYDD developing dental disease by understanding the unique needs of their patients and their barriers to accessing oral health care in their community, communicating with the child's dental home, and advocating for safe and accessible dental procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Larry Yin
- Associate Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine of USC and Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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Marchetti G, Vendruscolo JL, Reis GEDS, Fraiz FC, Soares GMS, Assunção LRDS. Are technology-based health education methods able to reduce oral health inequalities between the sexes in adolescents? A cluster randomized trial. Int J Dent Hyg 2024; 22:485-493. [PMID: 36301013 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Determine if different technology-based health education interventions can reduce oral health inequalities between the sexes in a sample of adolescents. METHODS A cluster randomized clinical trial was conducted in three phases with an initial sample of 291 male and female adolescents 14-19 years of age. Phase I (n = 288) comprised a clinical examination performed by a calibrated examiner using the simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S) and gingival bleeding index (GBI). Phase II involved two educational interventions: video (VD; n = 147) or oral counselling (OR; n = 141) with standardized content. In phase III, an App was made available to half of the clusters (OR + App; n = 66/OR without App; n = 71/VD + App; n = 63/VD without App; n = 63), and the clinical examination was performed a second time. Data were evaluated using descriptive analysis and nonparametric tests. RESULTS In phase I, boys had a lower standard of oral hygiene compared with girls, with higher mean OHI-S (p = 0.039) and GBI (p = 0.015). After VD and OR interventions, no significant difference between sexes was found regarding the mean OHI-S. However, males had a higher mean GBI compared with females in the OR group (p = 0.006). When the App was added to OR and VD groups, males in the 'OR without App' group had a higher mean GBI compared with females (p = 0.007). CONCLUSION This clinical trial demonstrated that educational interventions involving information technologies were effective at reducing oral health inequalities between the sexes among adolescents. However, oral counselling alone was not efficient in reducing GBI in male adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele Marchetti
- Department of Stomatology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Zhang Y, He TC, Zhang H. The impact of metabolic disorders on management of periodontal health in children. PEDIATRIC DISCOVERY 2024; 2:e38. [PMID: 38784180 PMCID: PMC11115384 DOI: 10.1002/pdi3.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by plaque biofilm which shares risk factors with systemic chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and osteoporosis. Many studies have found increased prevalence and rate of progression of periodontal disease in children with common metabolic disorders. Although the causal relationship and specific mechanism between them has not been determined yet. The aim of this paper is to progress on the impact of metabolic disorders on periodontal health in children and the underlying mechanisms, which provides new evidences for the prevention and intervention of metabolic disorders and periodontitis in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyan Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Wang W, Feng X, Tai B, Hu D, Lin H, Wang B, Wang C, Zheng S, Liu X, Rong W, Wang W, Si Y. Epidemiology of plaque-induced gingivitis among 12-15-year-old Chinese schoolchildren: A study based on the 2018 case definition. J Clin Periodontol 2024; 51:299-308. [PMID: 38037239 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM To explore the epidemiology of plaque-induced gingivitis and related factors among Chinese adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional survey comprised 118,601 schoolchildren in the 12-15-year age group. Data came from the National Oral Health Survey in mainland China. The field investigation was conducted according to the World Health Organization guidelines. The new 2018 case definition for plaque-induced gingivitis was used. Participants underwent clinical examinations and completed a structured questionnaire. Bleeding on probing (BOP) was performed on all teeth. Multinomial logistic regression was used to explore the factors related to the extent of gingivitis. RESULTS Nearly half of the study population (47.3%) had plaque-induced gingivitis; 23.9% and 23.3% presented with localised and generalised gingivitis, respectively. The first molars were the most affected by BOP. Well-established factors, such as demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, local factors and smoking habits, were significantly associated with the extent of gingivitis. Odds ratios for localised and generalised gingivitis increased with the decrease in frequency of toothbrushing with a fluoride dentifrice. CONCLUSIONS The study population had high plaque-induced gingivitis prevalence. The extent of gingivitis appeared to have a dose-response relationship with the frequency of toothbrushing with a fluoride dentifrice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Wang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
| | - Xiping Feng
- Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Baojun Tai
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Deyu Hu
- West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huancai Lin
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Chinese Stomatological Association, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxiao Wang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shuguo Zheng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
| | - Xuenan Liu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
| | - Wensheng Rong
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
| | - Weijian Wang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Si
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
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Nguyen KCT, Le LH, Kaipatur NR, Almeida FT, Lai H, Lou EHM, Major PW. Measuring the alveolar bone level in adolescents: A comparison between ultrasound and cone beam computed tomography. Int J Paediatr Dent 2023; 33:487-497. [PMID: 37386727 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.13092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is an imaging modality, which is used routinely in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning but delivers much higher radiation than conventional dental radiographs. Ultrasound is a noninvasive imaging method that creates an image without ionizing radiation. AIM To investigate the reliability of ultrasound and the agreement between ultrasound and CBCT in measuring the alveolar bone level (ABL) on the buccal/labial side of the incisors in adolescent orthodontic patients. DESIGN One hundred and eighteen incisors from 30 orthodontic adolescent patients were scanned by CBCT with 0.3-mm voxel size and ultrasound at 20 MHz frequency. The ABL, distance from the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) to the alveolar bone crest (ABC), was measured twice to evaluate the agreement between ultrasound and CBCT. In addition, the intra- and inter-rater reliabilities in measuring the ABL by four raters were compared. RESULTS The mean difference (MD) in the ABL between ultrasound and CBCT was -0.07 mm with 95% limit of agreement (LoA) from -0.47 to 0.32 mm for all teeth. For each jaw, the MDs between the ultrasound and CBCT were -0.18 mm (for mandible with 95% LoA from -0.53 to 0.18 mm) and 0.03 mm (for maxilla with 95% LoA from -0.28 to 0.35 mm). In comparison, ultrasound had higher intra-rater (ICC = 0.83-0.90) and inter-rater reliabilities (ICC = 0.97) in ABL measurement than CBCT (ICC = 0.56-0.78 for intra-rater and ICC = 0.69 for inter-rater reliabilities). CONCLUSION CBCT parameters used in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning in adolescents may not be a reliable tool to assess the ABL for the mandibular incisors. On the contrary, ultrasound imaging, an ionizing radiation-free, inexpensive, and portable diagnostic tool, has potential to be a reliable diagnostic tool in assessing the ABL in adolescent patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim-Cuong T Nguyen
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lawrence H Le
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Fabiana T Almeida
- School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hollis Lai
- School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Edmond H M Lou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paul W Major
- School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Gare J, Kanoute A, Orsini G, Gonçalves LS, Ali Alshehri F, Bourgeois D, Carrouel F. Prevalence, Severity of Extension, and Risk Factors of Gingivitis in a 3-Month Pregnant Population: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12093349. [PMID: 37176789 PMCID: PMC10179599 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12093349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The scope of this study was to assess the prevalence, severity of extension, and risk factors of gingivitis among pregnant women. In this cross-sectional study, 220 nulliparous women at 3 months of pregnancy were recruited in 2022 at the first obstetrical visit in Dakar, Senegal. Demographic characteristics, lifestyle habits, prenatal clinical status, and oral clinical parameters were recorded. Multivariable logistic regression modeling was used to assess relationships between gingivitis and risk factors. Eighty-eight percent of women had gingivitis, 15% were classified as moderate and 73% as severe. A total of 66.7% (95% CI [28.8-92.1]) of the sites had bleeding on interdental brushing. The odds for gingivitis decreased significantly for women consuming more than five portions of fruits and vegetables per day (OR = 0.15; 95% CI [0.03-0.66]) and increased in women who had a professional activity (OR = 6.75; 95% CI [1.27-35.87]) and high education. Concomitantly, the percentage of dental plaque (OR = 131.6; 95% CI [10.80-1619.71] and the severity of clinical attachment loss (OR = 7.70; 95% CI [3.16-18.92]) were important risk factors. Inverse associations were observed with increasing body mass index (OR = 0.76; 95% CI [0.63-0.93]). Our results underline that gingivitis cases and bleeding were particularly high among 3-month pregnant women. Literacy and adequate oral hygiene actions to modify behaviors and to achieve meticulous biofilm disorganization could make a favorable change in the gingival health outcome. Additionally, further research is necessary to precisely determine the role of biofilm-induced gingivitis and systemic-induced gingivitis in improving gingival conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyne Gare
- Health, Systemic, Process (P2S), Research Unit UR 4129, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
- Public Health Laboratory (LASAP), University Joseph Ki Zerbo, Ouagadougou 7021, Burkina Faso
| | - Aida Kanoute
- Public Health Service, Department of Dentistry, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar 10700, Senegal
| | - Giovanna Orsini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Lucio Souza Gonçalves
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro 22790-710, Brazil
| | - Fahad Ali Alshehri
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Denis Bourgeois
- Health, Systemic, Process (P2S), Research Unit UR 4129, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Florence Carrouel
- Health, Systemic, Process (P2S), Research Unit UR 4129, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
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Meng Q, Zhong S, Wang J, Gao Y, Cui X. Advances in chitosan-based microcapsules and their applications. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 300:120265. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Liu X, Xu J, Li S, Wang X, Liu J, Li X. The prevalence of gingivitis and related risk factors in schoolchildren aged 6-12 years old. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:623. [PMID: 36544102 PMCID: PMC9768968 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02670-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to epidemiological studies, gingivitis is a common disease. However, its morbidity, considerably varies among individual. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of gingivitis, including prevalence, severity, intraoral distribution, and associated risk factors, in children aged 6-12 years in Jinzhou, China. METHODS A multistage, whole-group, randomized sample of 2880 children aged 6-12 years in Jinzhou City, China, was selected and clinically examined. Each selected child completed a questionnaire on sociodemographic factors and oral health behaviors in cooperation with the investigator and teacher. Gingival bleeding refers to the bleeding of 10% or more teeth under the condition of ingivitis. Gingivitis was further categorized into localized gingivitis (30% ≥ number of teeth positive for gingival bleeding ≥ 10%) and generalized gingivitis (number of positive for gingival bleeding > 30%). The score of gingival bleeding was recorded using the Gingival Index. RESULTS The prevalence of gingivitis in children aged 6-12 years in Jinzhou was 28.58%, including 701 cases of localized gingivitis (24.3%) and 122 cases of generalized gingivitis (4.2%). There were 429 cases (28.3%) of gingivitis in males and 394 cases (28.9%) in females, with no statistically significant difference in prevalence between males and females (P > 0.05). Chi-square tests and binary logistic regression analysis showed that aging, dental calculus, plaque, and dental crowding were significantly associated with a high prevalence of gingivitis. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that dental calculus, large amount dental plaque, poor oral health behavior, and oral health awareness are associated with the prevalence of gingivitis and maintaining children's oral health requires professional guidance and regular preventive care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Liu
- grid.454145.50000 0000 9860 0426The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Jianhui Xu
- grid.454145.50000 0000 9860 0426The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Siwei Li
- grid.454145.50000 0000 9860 0426The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xueqin Wang
- grid.454145.50000 0000 9860 0426The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Jin Liu
- grid.454145.50000 0000 9860 0426The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- grid.454145.50000 0000 9860 0426The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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Okawa R, Nakano K. Dental manifestation and management of hypophosphatasia. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2022; 58:208-216. [PMID: 35814738 PMCID: PMC9260292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypophosphatasia is an inherited metabolic disorder characterized by defective mineralization of bones and teeth with a wide variety of manifestations, ranging from stillbirth to dental symptoms alone. Recently, the prognosis of severe hypophosphatasia patients has been greatly improved by the introduction of enzyme replacement therapy. The typical dental manifestation is early exfoliation of primary teeth due to disturbed cementum formation, so dentures are recommended to ensure that important oral functions are acquired. Some studies have shown that enzyme replacement therapy improves dental mineralization, resulting in the stabilization of periodontal tissues and better growth of tooth roots. A nationwide Japanese survey revealed the common genetic and dental manifestations of patients with mild hypophosphatasia, which markedly differ from those of the severe forms. There may be many undiagnosed mild patients, so dentists should contribute to the early diagnosis by screening possible cases based on the typical finding of early exfoliation of primary teeth. Early diagnosis is important for patients to receive early intervention in both medical and dental fields. The establishment of fundamental dental therapy to solve the dental problems is still underway and is eagerly anticipated.
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Omara H, Elamin A. Oral health status and related risk factors among adolescents attending high schools in Khartoum, Sudan: A cross-sectional study. CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GLOBAL HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2022.101080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Periodontal Diseases in Children and Adolescents. Pediatr Dent 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-78003-6_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kim CM, Lee S, Hwang W, Son E, Kim TW, Kim K, Kim YH. Obesity and periodontitis: A systematic review and updated meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:999455. [PMID: 36353241 PMCID: PMC9637837 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.999455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A previous 2014 meta-analysis reported a positive association between obesity and periodontitis. It was considered necessary to update the recently published papers and to analyse subgroups on important clinical variables that could affect the association between obesity and periodontitis. Therefore, we updated the latest studies and attempted to derive more refined results. METHODS All observational studies were eligible for inclusion. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to qualitatively evaluate the risk of bias. Subgroup analyses were conducted for patients aged 18-34, 35-54, and 55+ years and the countries (European countries, USA, Brazil, Japan, Korea, and other Asian countries). RESULTS Thirty-seven full-text articles were included. Obesity conferred increased odds of periodontal disease with an odds ratio (1.35, 95% CI: 1.05-1.75). In the subgroup analysis by age, the odds ratio was the highest in the 18-34 years group (2.21, 95% CI: 1.26-3.89). In the subgroup analysis by country, European countries had the highest odds ratio (2.46, 95% CI: 1.11-5.46). CONCLUSION Despite the differences in degree, a positive association between obesity and periodontitis was found regardless of country or age. Therefore, medical professionals should try to prevent periodontitis by controlling patient weights, and more studies should be conducted to determine the association between obesity and oral health. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42022301343.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Min Kim
- School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Soobin Lee
- School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Wonjun Hwang
- School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Eunjeong Son
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Tae Woo Kim
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Kihun Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Busan, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Kihun Kim, ; Yun Hak Kim,
| | - Yun Hak Kim
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Kihun Kim, ; Yun Hak Kim,
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Arhakis A, Al-Batayneh OB, van Waes H. Tooth Eruption, Shedding, Extraction and Related Surgical Issues. Pediatr Dent 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-78003-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Salim NA, Alamoush RA, Al-Abdallah MM, Al-Asmar AA, Satterthwaite JD. Relationship between dental caries, oral hygiene and malocclusion among Syrian refugee children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:629. [PMID: 34876100 PMCID: PMC8650267 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01993-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the oral disease burden in refugee children and associated risk factors. This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the oral hygiene status and prevalence of caries, and to investigate their association with malocclusion characteristics in a child refugee population. METHODS 606 Syrian refugee children and adolescents aged 7-19 years, registered as refugees in Jordan and residing in Zaatari camp, were recruited to the study. Oral hygiene and caries status were recorded using DMFT (mean of decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth) and OHI-S (Simplified Oral Hygiene Index) according to WHO criteria. Oral health results were then cross tabulated with previously reported malocclusion traits for the same study sample (crowding, spacing, contact point deflection and IOTN) to detect any associations. Statistical analysis was conducted using chi-square test, independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, Welch test and Post Hoc testing (Gabriel and Games-Howell). RESULTS Overall DMFT and OHI-S were 4.32 and 1.33 respectively with no difference between males and females. Around 40% of the sample showed ≥ 5 DMFT score. 96.1% of the sample either do not brush or brush occasionally: females showed better oral hygiene practices (P = 0.002). No significant differences in DMFT scores were noted for gender or age, other than the 7-9.9 year old group having significantly higher mean DMFT scores than all other age groups (P < 0.01);the mean of OHI-S was not significantly different between different age groups (P = 0.927). Subjects with malocclusion, specifically crowding, contact point deflection and IOTN grades 3, 4 and 5 had higher scores in both arches for OHI-S and DMFT than subjects without malocclusion traits, although this was not statistically significant for DMFT scores. Overall, patients with generalized spacing had a significantly lower OHI-S score than those without spacing (P = 0.021). Significant correlations were found between parameters of intra-arch and inter-arch relationships and oral health indices (DMFT and OHI-S). CONCLUSION Malocclusion may increase the risk of caries and periodontal disease; the magnitude of this risk is amplified in populations with poor oral health and limited access to oral healthcare services, highlighting the need for preventive and curative oral health programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesreen A. Salim
- Prosthodontic Department, School of Dentistry, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942 Jordan
| | - Rasha A. Alamoush
- Prosthodontic Department, School of Dentistry, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942 Jordan
| | - Mariam Mohammad Al-Abdallah
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics, and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Aya Ahmed Al-Asmar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Julian D. Satterthwaite
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
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Lee KH, Lee WK, Jung ES, Choi YY. Associations between Mental Health and Oral Health among Korean Adolescents: Analysis of the National Surveys (2008-2017). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010660. [PMID: 34682406 PMCID: PMC8535659 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to analyze the trends and associations between the oral and mental health of Korean adolescents using the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Surveys. In total, 713,713 adolescents who participated in the surveys were included. To examine trends in oral and mental health, Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated between the weighted percentages and years, and the regression line slope was assessed to estimate annual changes. A complex sample logistic regression analysis was also performed. Experiencing oral symptoms and suicide-related factors both showed a gradually decreasing trend from 2008 and slight increases in 2017 and 2016, respectively. Compared with adolescents who had no oral symptoms, those with all six oral symptoms showed an increase in suicide attempts in the last 12 months, suicide ideation, and feelings of sadness and despair. In conclusion, experiencing more oral symptoms is associated with an increased risk of suicide-related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong-Hee Lee
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Bioecological Health, Shinhan University, Uijeongbu 11644, Korea; (K.-H.L.); (E.-S.J.)
| | - Won-Kee Lee
- Department of Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, KyungPook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea;
| | - Eun-Seo Jung
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Bioecological Health, Shinhan University, Uijeongbu 11644, Korea; (K.-H.L.); (E.-S.J.)
| | - Yoon-Young Choi
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Bioecological Health, Shinhan University, Uijeongbu 11644, Korea; (K.-H.L.); (E.-S.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-870-3450
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16
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Epidemiology and associated factors of gingivitis in adolescents in Guangdong Province, Southern China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:311. [PMID: 34134691 PMCID: PMC8207589 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01666-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gingivitis is the most prevalent form of periodontal disease in children and adolescents, being strongly associated to some socioeconomic factors and oral health behaviours. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of gingivitis and its association with socio-demographic factors and oral health-related behaviours in children aged 12-15 years in Guangdong, Southern China. METHODS A total of 7680 children were sampled using an equal-sized, stratified, multistage, random sampling method and clinically examined between December 2015 and April 2016. A questionnaire on socio-demographic factors and oral health-related behaviours related to gingivitis was completed by each of the selected children. Gingival bleeding was recorded using the Community Periodontal Index probe, and children with a gingival bleeding positive score ≥ 10% were defined as having gingivitis. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between socio-demographic factors and gingivitis. All statistical tests were performed at a two-sided significance level of 0.05. RESULTS The weighted prevalence of gingivitis among 12-15-year-old children was 29.6%, with 22.6% having localised gingivitis and 7.0% having generalised gingivitis. Age differences were observed in the prevalence of gingivitis, whereas urban-rural differences were not. According to the multivariate logistic regression analysis results, factors such as increasing age, being the only child, lack of regular annual dental check-up, and heavy dental calculus were significantly associated with higher prevalence of gingivitis. In addition, the association of gingivitis with these factors was inconsistent among the urban and rural areas. CONCLUSIONS Dental calculus and oral health behaviour were found to be important factors for maintaining the gingival health of children aged 12-15 years in Guangdong. Maintaining gingival health in children requires promoting positive oral health behaviours and regular dental prophylaxis.
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Zhang J, Sun M, Zhao Y, Geng G, Hu Y. Identification of Gingivitis-Related Genes Across Human Tissues Based on the Summary Mendelian Randomization. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:624766. [PMID: 34026747 PMCID: PMC8134671 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.624766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases are among the most frequent inflammatory diseases affecting children and adolescents, which affect the supporting structures of the teeth and lead to tooth loss and contribute to systemic inflammation. Gingivitis is the most common periodontal infection. Gingivitis, which is mainly caused by a substance produced by microbial plaque, systemic disorders, and genetic abnormalities in the host. Identifying gingivitis-related genes across human tissues is not only significant for understanding disease mechanisms but also disease development and clinical diagnosis. The Genome-wide association study (GWAS) a commonly used method to mine disease-related genetic variants. However, due to some factors such as linkage disequilibrium, it is difficult for GWAS to identify genes directly related to the disease. Hence, we constructed a data integration method that uses the Summary Mendelian randomization (SMR) to combine the GWAS with expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) data to identify gingivitis-related genes. Five eQTL studies from different human tissues and one GWAS studies were referenced in this paper. This study identified several candidates SNPs and genes relate to gingivitis in tissue-specific or cross-tissue. Further, we also analyzed and explained the functions of these genes. The R program for the SMR method has been uploaded to GitHub(https://github.com/hxdde/SMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Zhang
- Department of Stomatology and Dental Hygiene, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Mingai Sun
- General Hospital of Heilongjiang Province Land Reclamation Bureau, Harbin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- General Hospital of Heilongjiang Province Land Reclamation Bureau, Harbin, China
| | - Guannan Geng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
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18
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Wirth R, Maróti G, Lipták L, Mester M, Al Ayoubi A, Pap B, Madléna M, Minárovits J, Kovács KL. Microbiomes in supragingival biofilms and saliva of adolescents with gingivitis and gingival health. Oral Dis 2021; 28:2000-2014. [PMID: 33876475 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Important alterations exist in the microbiomes of supragingival biofilm and saliva samples from adolescent patients developing induced or spontaneous gingivitis relative to healthy controls. These and the relationships to dental health are not fully understood yet. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Supragingival biofilm samples (n = 36) were collected from the teeth of 9 adolescents with gingivitis induced by orthodontic appliances, as well as dental plaques (n = 40) from 10 adolescents with spontaneous gingivitis, in addition to similar samples (n = 36) from 9 healthy controls. The bacterial metagenomes were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Salivary microbiomes of the same persons were characterized by shotgun metagenome sequencing. The data sets were examined using advanced bioinformatics workflows and two reference databases. RESULTS The composition and diversity of bacterial communities did not differ extensively among the three study groups. Nevertheless, the relative abundances of the genera Fusobacterium, Akkermansia, Treponema, and Campylobacter were prominently higher in gingivitis patients versus controls. In contrast, the genera Lautropia, Kingella, Neisseria, Actinomyces, and Rothia were significantly more abundant in controls than in either of the two gingivitis groups. CONCLUSIONS The abundance pattern of certain taxa rather than individual strains shows characteristic features of potential diagnostic value. Stringent bioinformatics treatment of the sequencing data is mandatory to avoid unintentional misinterpretations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Wirth
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gergely Maróti
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lídia Lipták
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mónika Mester
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Alaa Al Ayoubi
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bernadett Pap
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Melinda Madléna
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - János Minárovits
- Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Kornél L Kovács
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Abstract
Acquisition and establishment of the oral microbiota occur in a dynamic process over various stages and involve close and continuous interactions with the host and its environment. In the present review, we discuss the stages of this process in chronological order. We start with the prenatal period and address the following questions: ‘Is the fetus exposed to maternal microbiota during pregnancy?’ and ‘If so, what is the potential role of this exposure?’ We comment on recent reports of finding bacterial DNA in placenta during pregnancies, and provide current views on the potential functions of prenatal microbial encounters. Next, we discuss the physiological adaptations that take place in the newborn during the birth process and the effect of this phase of life on the acquisition of the oral microbiota. Is it really just exposure to maternal vaginal microbes that results in the difference between vaginally and Cesarian section‐born infants? Then, we review the postnatal phase, in which we focus on transmission of microbes, the intraoral niche specificity, the effects of the host behavior and environment, as well as the role of genetic background of the host on shaping the oral microbial ecosystem. We discuss the changes in oral microbiota during the transition from deciduous to permanent dentition and during puberty. We also address the finite knowledge on colonization of the oral cavity by microbes other than the bacterial component. Finally, we identify the main outstanding questions that limit our understanding of the acquisition and establishment of a healthy microbiome at an individual level.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Marije Kaan
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dono Kahharova
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Egija Zaura
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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20
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Lai WY, Wei CC, Wan L, Mai CH, Lin CL, Tsai JD. Allergic rhinitis and dental-supporting tissue diseases in children. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e24780. [PMID: 33607828 PMCID: PMC7899888 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000024780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology of dental-supporting tissue diseases in children is multi factorial and not merely related to oral hygiene. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the relationship between children <18 years old with allergic rhinitis (AR) and the risk of dental-supporting tissue diseases.Data from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) of Taiwan were used to conduct a retrospective longitudinal cohort study. The study cohort comprised 378,160 patients with AR (AR group) and 378,160 patients without AR (non-AR group), who were selected through frequency matching based on age, sex, and the index year. The study patients were followed until dental-supporting tissue diseases occurrence, withdrawal from the National Health Insurance program, or December 31, 2013. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was conducted to calculate the risk of dental-supporting tissue diseases in the AR group after adjustment for age, sex, and relative comorbidities.The adjusted HRs of periodontal, pulp, and periapical diseases in AR children were higher than those in the non-AR controls (1.51, 95% CI: 1.50 to 1.53; 1.06, 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.07, respectively). The AR to non-AR HRs of these inflammatory dental diseases were particularly higher in children <6 years old and in boys. The HRs of periodontal, pulp, and periapical diseases were greatest in those with >5 AR-related medical visits/year (5.57, 95% CI: 5.50 to 5.56; 4.06, 95% CI: 4.00 to 4.12, respectively).Children with AR had a greater risk of inflammatory dental-supporting tissue diseases, particularly those <6 years old with primary teeth, boys, and those with severe persistent AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Yu Lai
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University
| | - Chang-Ching Wei
- Children's Hospital, China Medical University Hospital
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung
| | - Lei Wan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University
| | - Chen-Hao Mai
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua County
| | - Cheng-Li Lin
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital
- Institute of Biostatistics, China Medical University
| | - Jeng-Dau Tsai
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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21
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Folayan MO, Tantawi ME, Chukwumah NM, Alade M, Mapayi B, Oginni O, Arowolo O, Sam-Agudu NA. Associations between depression and gingivitis among adolescents resident in semi-urban South-West Nigeria. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:55. [PMID: 33557820 PMCID: PMC7869244 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01421-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE None of the past studies that had showed a linked between oral and mental health among adolescents was conducted in Nigeria. The objective of this study was to determine the association between gingivitis and depression among adolescents in Ile-Ife, South-West Nigeria. METHODS This cross-sectional study collected data through a household survey conducted between December 2018 and January 2019. Adolescents aged 10 to 19 years old were identified using multistage sampling. The study outcome measure was gingivitis, measured by the Löe and Silness gingival index. The explanatory variable was depression, measured by the Patient Health Questionnair. Confounders considered were age, sex, socioeconomic status, frequency of daily tooth brushing, oral hygiene status (measured by the plaque index), consumption of refined carbohydrates in-between meals, use of dental floss, and history of dental service utilization in the past 12 months. A logistic regression model was constructed to determine risk indicators for moderate/severe gingivitis. Additionally, modification of associations between dependent variables and the significant risk indicators of depression was assessed. RESULTS Mean plaque index for the 1,087 adolescent participants enrolled in the study was 0.80. We found a prevalence of 8.5% for moderate/severe gingivitis and 7.9% for depression. In adjusted regression, there were significant associations between the presence of moderate/severe gingivitis and consumption of refined carbohydrates in-between meals (OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.14, 3.28) and plaque index (OR 16.56, 95% CI 10.03, 27.33). Depression also significantly modified the association between plaque index and the presence of moderate/severe gingivitis (P < 0.0001), with a stronger association observed with mild depression (OR 24.75, 95% CI 3.33, 184.00) compared with no depression (OR 15.47, 95% CI 9.31, 25.69), with no significant modification for the association with frequent consumption of refined carbohydrates (P = 0.06). CONCLUSION Although there was no significant association between gingivitis and depression among our adolescent Nigerian cohort, depression significantly modified the association between plaque index score and moderate/severe gingivitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maha El Tantawi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Michael Alade
- Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Boladale Mapayi
- Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Olakunle Oginni
- Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Olaniyi Arowolo
- Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Nadia A Sam-Agudu
- International Research Center of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria.,Institute of Human Virology and Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
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22
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Yadav R, Kanwar IL, Haider T, Pandey V, Gour V, Soni V. In situ gel drug delivery system for periodontitis: an insight review. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-020-00053-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Periodontitis is a microbial disease that leads to inflammation in the tooth-supporting tissues of the oral cavity that is common among the elderly. It is initiated by oral inflammation induced by bacterial dysbiosis. Choosing an appropriate antimicrobial agent with the right course of drug administration is the key to successful periodontal therapy. In recent times, with more biomarkers and the development of new technologies, several point-of-care testing (POCT) platforms have been developed for the diagnosis and monitoring of periodontitis. This review focuses on oral microbiology and the pathogenesis of periodontitis as well as recent insights into the in situ gel system for periodontitis.
Design
An exhaustive search was conducted in the following scientific databases Science Direct, Springer, Pub Med, and Google Scholar to review all relevant literatures. This is a comprehensive narrative review of the literature, summarizing the perspectives of the authors.
Results
Novel in situ forming gel is introduced at the site that shows a promising potential to overcome one of the main practical obstacles associated with the treatment of local periodontitis: partial adhesion to the surrounding tissue, causing in the accidental expulsion of at least parts of the implants from patient’s pockets. This results in a large residence time of the system at the site of action and uncertainty of the final exposure to the drug.
Conclusion
From the reviewed literature, it is concluded that experimental evidence suggests that the in situ gel-forming systems can be useful in treating several common diseases of the oral cavity. Future research should focus on clinical studies to be performed for the in situ gel to make a significant contribution to periodontitis.
Graphical abstract
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Al-Hamoudi N, Mokeem S, Shafqat SS, Vohra F, Abduljabbar T. Effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy as an adjunct to open flap debridement in patients with aggressive periodontitis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 33:102075. [PMID: 33157325 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present clinical trial was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) as an adjunct to open flap debridement (OFD) in the treatment of generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP). MATERIALS AND METHODS The subjects recruited for the study were divided into two groups: 'control group' received treatment through OFD, whereas the test participants were treated with OFD and adjunctive PDT. The clinical periodontal parameters were plaque index (PI), full mouth probing depth (FMPD) and full mouth relative attachment loss (FMRA). The microbial levels of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and Tannarella forsythia (Tf) were analyzed. All parameters were assessed at baseline and 3 months. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The observed values for all the parameters were reported in mean and standard deviation (mean ± SD). In order to analyse the mean values and inter-group comparisons, the Mann-Whitney U test was employed. The p-value was set at <0.05 to establish a significant difference among the reported values. RESULTS A statistically significant improvement for BOP was observed in PDT group in comparison to the control group at 3 months only (p < 0.05). A significant reduction in the microbiological levels for Aa, Pg and Tf in both the study groups was observed. However, no significant differences in microbial levels were observed at any time point when the control and test groups were compared to each other. CONCLUSION PDT in conjuction with OFD plays a significant role in reducing the microbial load and improving the clinical periodontal parameters in patients with GAP. Moreover, it is regarded as a safe treatment regimen as no side effects have been reported regarding its use in GAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawwaf Al-Hamoudi
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameer Mokeem
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Saad Shafqat
- Ziauddin College of Dentistry, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Fahim Vohra
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Tariq Abduljabbar
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Discepoli N, Mirra R, Marruganti C, Beneforti C, Doldo T. Efficacy of Behaviour Change Techniques to improve oral hygiene control of individuals undergoing orthodontic therapy. A systematic review. Int J Dent Hyg 2020; 19:3-17. [PMID: 32974991 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aims to review the available evidence on the efficacy of behaviour change techniques to improve compliance in young orthodontic patients and to compare these with conventional oral hygiene instructions. METHODS The review was conducted according to the PRISMA statement. PICO method was used to define eligibility criteria. Two independent reviewers performed the research, examined electronic databases (MEDLINE, Scopus and CENTRAL) and manually checked relevant journals. Only RCTs with more than 10 participants and 3 months follow-up were included. Data extraction and their qualitative analysis were performed for included studies. RESULTS Search strategy identified 320 articles. After screening for titles, abstracts and full texts, 10 articles were then selected for qualitative analysis. High methodological heterogeneity was present among studies and therefore no meta-analysis was performed. Low risk of bias was detected for one study only. The most common intervention was "mobile phone communication," which was investigated in five studies. Motivational interviewing, repeated reinforcements and visual-aided approach were also examined. CONCLUSION The interest in remote control of patients compliance appears to be fruitful, nonetheless there is no consensus as to a unique treatment protocol. Every other treatment looks beneficial but higher methodological homogeneity should be sought for in future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Discepoli
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Unit of Periodontics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Raffaele Mirra
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Unit of Periodontics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Crystal Marruganti
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Unit of Periodontics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Undergraduate Program in Dentistry, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Cecilia Beneforti
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Unit of Periodontics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Tiziana Doldo
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Unit of Orthodontics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Incidence of Periodontal Disease among Adolescents. JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/jim-2020-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Despite the scarcity of studies regarding periodontal disease in young patients (teenagers and young adults), it seems that this disorder is also affecting the young population. Risk factors for periodontal disease include older age, chronic tobacco use, male gender, habits regarding oral hygiene, educational status, ethnicity, and financial status.
Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the periodontal health among adolescents in two high schools in Târgu Mureș that had dental practices.
Material and Methods: An online questionnaire consisting of 16 questions was distributed among high schoolers of Târgu Mureș. Data about personal characteristics, oral hygiene habits, family history of periodontal disease, risk factors for periodontal disease, and symptoms of periodontal disease observed by the respondents were collected and analyzed.
Results: Out of the 501 teenagers who responded to the online questionnaire, 114 (22.8%) were 18 years old and were mostly females (88.2%). Regarding oral hygiene habits, 75.8% prefer a manual toothbrush over an electric toothbrush, 66.7% brush their teeth twice a day, and 54.1% practice a horizontal method of toothbrushing. Mouthwash was the most used oral hygiene aid (58.3%). Family history of periodontal disease was observed in 21.9% of respondents. As favoring factors, nicotine addiction (23.8%), bruxism (24.4%), interposition of various objects between teeth (48.3%), past or present orthodontic treatments (38.7%) were recorded. Symptoms of gingivitis and periodontitis, such as gingival bleeding (81.4%), redness of gingiva (39.3%), increased gingival volume (44.5%), gingival retraction (22.8%), and halitosis (81%), were present in the responding teenagers.
Conclusions: In this study, periodontal disease was affecting mostly adolescent females who are practicing inappropriate methods of toothbrushing with inadequate frequency.
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Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy efficacy against specific pathogenic periodontitis bacterial species. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 30:101688. [PMID: 32087294 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine the safety and efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) combination of 0.33 mM Toluidine Blue O (TBO) with 60 mW/cm2 LED irradiation for 5 min that we had established, this study investigated the cytotoxic effect of aPDT combination on mammalian oral cells (gingival fibroblast and periodontal ligament cells) and compared the antimicrobial efficacy of antibiotics (the combination of amoxicillin (AMX) and metronidazole (MTZ)) against representative periodontitis pathogenic bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans) versus our aPDT combination. RESULT aPDT combination did not show any detectable effect on the viability of Streptococcus sanguinis or Streptococcus mitis, the most common resident species in the oral flora. However, it significantly reduced CFU values of P. gingivalis, F. nucleatum, and A. actinomycetemcomitans. The cytotoxicity of the present aPDT combination to mammalian oral cells was comparable to that of standard antiseptics used in oral cavity. In antimicrobial efficacy test, the present aPDT combination showed equivalent bactericidal rate compared to the combination of AMX + MTZ, the most widely used antibiotics in the periodontitis treatment. The bactericidal ability of the AMX + MTZ combination was effective against all five bacteria tested regardless of the bacterial species, whereas the bactericidal ability of the aPDT combination was effective only against P. gingivalis, F. nucleatum, and A. actinomycetemcomitans, the representative periodontitis pathogenic bacterial species. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated the safety and efficacy of the present aPDT combination in periodontitis treatment. TBO-mediated aPDT with LED irradiation has the potential to serve as a safe single or adjunctive antimicrobial procedure for nonsurgical periodontal treatment without damaging adjacent normal oral tissue or resident flora.
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Abstract
Primary disorders of neutrophil function result from impairment in neutrophil responses that are critical for host defense. This chapter summarizes inherited disorders of neutrophils that cause defects in neutrophil adhesion, migration, and oxidative killing. These include the leukocyte adhesion deficiencies, actin defects and other disorders of chemotaxis, hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome, Chédiak-Higashi Syndrome, neutrophil specific granule deficiency, chronic granulomatous disease, and myeloperoxidase deficiency. Diagnostic tests and treatment approaches are also summarized for each neutrophil disorder.
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Doğusal G, Afacan B, Bozkurt E, Sönmez I. Gingival crevicular fluid and salivary resistin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels in obese children with gingivitis. J Periodontol 2019; 89:973-982. [PMID: 29635809 DOI: 10.1002/jper.17-0613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the levels of resistin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and saliva of obese children with gingivitis. METHODS One-hundred and thirty children (65 obese and 65 normal weight; age range 8 to 12 years) were recruited for the study. The children were classified into four subgroups based on their body mass and periodontal status; 1) obese children with gingivitis (OG, n = 33); 2) obese children with healthy periodontium (OH, n = 32); 3) normal weight children with gingivitis (NWG, n = 32); 4) normal weight children with healthy periodontium (NWH, n = 33). Body mass index (BMI) percentile, probing pocket depth (PPD), gingival index (GI), and plaque index (PI) were recorded. Resistin and TNF-α were analyzed in GCF and saliva samples by ELISA. RESULTS Obese children had higher BMI percentiles than normal weight children (p < 0.0001). PPD, GI, PI, GCF volume, GCF, and salivary resistin and TNF-α levels were similar between obese and normal weight children (P > 0.05). OG and NWG subgroups had significantly higher GI, PI, GCF volume, GCF resistin total amounts, and salivary resistin concentrations but lower GCF resistin and TNF-α concentrations than OH and NWH (P < 0.0001 for all). GCF resistin total amounts were positively correlated with GI, PI, and GCF TNF-α total amounts (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first study evaluated the levels of resistin in GCF and saliva of children. Obesity is not associated with GCF and salivary resistin and TNF-α levels in children in the presence of gingival inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülçin Doğusal
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Beral Afacan
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Emir Bozkurt
- Section of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Işıl Sönmez
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
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Gupta K, Singh S, Kannan S. Diagnosis lies in the eyes of beholder: Linear gingival erythema in a non-HIV pediatric patient. JOURNAL OF INDIAN ACADEMY OF ORAL MEDICINE AND RADIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/jiaomr.jiaomr_125_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
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Baiju RMP, Peter E, Nayar BR, Varughese JM, Varghese NO. Prevalence and predictors of early periodontal disease among adolescents. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2019; 23:356-361. [PMID: 31367134 PMCID: PMC6628767 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_512_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Periodic estimation of periodontal disease burden is essential for formulating new treatment strategies, for evaluating preventive strategies, and for framing of new policies. The previous national-level survey among adolescents was held 15 years ago. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of periodontal disease among older adolescent students and to analyze its predictors as part of an oral health assessment survey conducted in Kerala. Materials and Methods A multistage cluster sampling was employed among five districts of Kerala to examine 1065 students in the age group of 15-18 years from government and private schools of selected urban and rural areas. Sociodemographic and oral health behavioral data, modified Community Periodontal Index, Oral Hygiene Index Simplified, and Dental Aesthetic Index were taken. Descriptive statistics and bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were done to identify the predictors of gingival bleeding and periodontal pockets. Results The prevalence of gingival bleeding, periodontal pockets, and loss of attachment was 42%, 13.4%, and 2.7%, respectively. In the adjusted multivariate model for predictors of gingival bleeding, rural location of residence, studying in government schools, high mother's education and their working status, orthodontic treatment need, oral hygiene frequency, and poor oral hygiene status emerged as significant predictors of gingival bleeding. In the multivariate model for periodontal pockets, bleeding on probing emerged as the strongest predictor with an odds ratio of 12.85 when adjusted to poor oral hygiene. Conclusion The prevalence of early periodontal disease among adolescents is significant. Sociodemographic factors, poor oral hygiene, and malocclusion are significant predictors for periodontal disease among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elbe Peter
- Department of Orthodontics, Government Dental College, Kotttayam, Kerala, India
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Heikkinen AM, Räisänen IT, Tervahartiala T, Sorsa T. Cross-sectional analysis of risk factors for subclinical periodontitis; active matrix metalloproteinase-8 as a potential indicator in initial periodontitis in adolescents. J Periodontol 2018; 90:484-492. [PMID: 30397915 DOI: 10.1002/jper.18-0450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate how different patient-related risk indicators might be associated with the odds of developing subclinical periodontitis in adolescents. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 252 Finnish individuals aged 15 to 16 years, of whom 141 were boys and 111 girls. A specially trained dentist performed clinical examinations: measurements included periodontal indexes (bleeding on probing, visible plaque index, root calculus, and probing depth, smoking by pack-years, periodontal bacteria (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, and Treponema denticola) and the potential salivary periodontal biomarkers (active matrix metalloproteinase-8 [aMMP-8], polymorphonuclear leukocyte elastase [PMN elastase], and total protein, albumin, immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G, and immunoglobulin M). Results were analyzed by ordinal logistic regression, one-way analysis of variance, Fisher exact test, and Kruskal-Wallis H test. RESULTS The main finding of this study was that subclinical periodontitis in adolescents was statistically significantly associated with elevated salivary aMMP-8 but not with PMN elastase. Also, adolescents with subclinical periodontitis had statistically significantly higher levels of bleeding on probing, root calculus, and dental plaque than adolescents without subclinical periodontitis. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that the main risk factor for subclinical periodontitis in adolescents is the partly calcified, dysbiotic bacterial biofilm, which interacts with the immune defenses of the host; this leads to gingival inflammation and eventually to deepening periodontal pockets. This proinflammatory subclinical periodontitis stage, which represents stage I periodontitis in the new classification, is reflected as elevated salivary aMMP-8 levels in oral fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Heikkinen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ismo T Räisänen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taina Tervahartiala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki Clinicum, Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
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Ruff RR, Senthi S, Susser SR, Tsutsui A. Oral health, academic performance, and school absenteeism in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Dent Assoc 2018; 150:111-121.e4. [PMID: 30473200 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The authors conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to provide a summary estimate of the association between oral health and academic performance. TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED The authors conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar for studies on oral health, school absence, and academic achievement published in English from January 1945 through December 2017. Exposures included subjectively or objectively measured caries, oral pain, and periodontitis. Outcomes included school absence and school achievement. RESULTS The authors screened a total of 2,041 studies, from which they extracted data from 14 studies of 139,989 children (12 cross-sectional studies, 1 case-control study, and 1 longitudinal study). Five studies had school absence as the primary outcome, and 7 studies had student achievement as the primary outcome. Three studies included both outcomes. The authors found no studies for periodontitis. The average modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale score was 3.93. The authors rated 10 studies as having a low risk of bias and 4 as having a high risk of bias. Qualitative synthesis suggested that poor oral health may have negative effects on student absenteeism and achievement, but study quality was highly variable. Results from meta-analyses indicated that poor oral health was significantly associated with increased odds of poor academic performance (pooled odds ratio, 1.52; 95% confidence interval, 1.20 to 1.83) and absenteeism (pooled odds ratio, 1.43; 95% confidence interval, 1.24 to 1.63). CONCLUSIONS AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Increased focus on the broader implications of improvements in oral health for children, such as educational or socioemotional development, is of further interest to practicing dentists owing to the greater connection between oral health and general health. The authors of this study found that caries or tooth pain had a negative association with academic achievement and school absenteeism. However, study quality was limited by inconsistent exposure and outcome definitions and a predominance of cross-sectional designs. Thus, causal conclusions are not supported.
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Prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor DMOG suppressed inflammatory cytokine production in human gingival fibroblasts stimulated with Fusobacterium nucleatum. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:3123-3132. [PMID: 30411281 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2733-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) is one of the most common bacteria involved in the initiation and progression of periodontal diseases. Pharmacological inhibitor of prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs), dimethyloxallyl glycine (DMOG), has been reported to exert anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the role of DMOG in inflammatory cytokine production of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) stimulated with F. nucleatum. MATERIAL AND METHODS HGFs were pretreated with 10, 50, and 100 μM DMOG for 24 h before infected with F. nucleatum (MOI = 100). Cell morphology and survival after infection with F. nucleatum were determined by crystal violet staining assay. The mRNA levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-1β were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The production of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-1β was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS F. nucleatum did not affect the morphology and survival of HGFs by the concentrations of MOI (multiplicity of infection) = 10, 50, and 100. The mRNA levels of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-1β were significantly enhanced with the stimulation of F. nucleatum, and the maximal effect reached at 6 h. The secretion of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α was significantly upregulated by the infection of F. nucleatum while the production of IL-1β was nearly unchanged. Above all, DMOG suppressed F. nucleatum-stimulated IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-1β expressions. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor DMOG partly downregulates inflammatory cytokine expression in F. nucleatum-infected HGFs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE DMOG may provide a novel strategy for the therapy of periodontitis.
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Prud'homme T, Roy E, Soueidan A, Fouassier M, Dajean-Trutaud S, Badran Z. Multidisciplinary Clinical Management of a Localized Aggressive Periodontitis diagnosed in a Child with Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018; 11:344-348. [PMID: 30397380 PMCID: PMC6212666 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Localized aggressive periodontitis (LAP) in child involving primary dentition is a rare disease. The main characteristics of LAP are deep periodontal pockets, bone loss, tooth mobility, and, sometimes, spontaneous tooth loss. The LAP involves only some specific teeth. Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia (GT) is a rare autosomal recessive bleeding disorder. The paper’s aim is to present the case of a 5-year-old girl with GT presenting LAP, and discuss her clinical management. How to cite this article: Prud’homme T, Roy E, Soueidan A, Fouassier M, Dajean-Trutaud S, Badran Z. Multidisciplinary Clinical Management of a Localized Aggressive Periodontitis diagnosed in a Child with Glanzmann’s Thrombasthenia. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018;11(4):344-348.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Prud'homme
- Surgeon, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Nantes Nantes, France
| | - Elisabeth Roy
- Surgeon, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Nantes Nantes, France
| | - Assem Soueidan
- Professor, Department of Periodontology, University of Nantes, Nantes France
| | - Marc Fouassier
- Surgeon, Department of Hematology/Biology, University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Zahi Badran
- Professor, Department of Periodontology, University of Nantes, Nantes France; Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Ballikaya E, Guciz Dogan B, Onay O, Uzamis Tekcicek M. Oral health status of children with mouth breathing due to adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2018; 113:11-15. [PMID: 30173966 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mouth breathing is an important health problem, commonly encountered in children. In children, adeno-tonsillar hypertrophy is the main reason causing partial or complete upper airway obstruction and reduction in airflow. This study aimed to determine the oral health status of children aged 3-15 years, with mouth breathing who were due to have surgery for adeno-tonsillar hypertrophy and referred to the Department of Otorhinolaryngology at Children's Hospital of a University in Ankara, Turkey between January-July 2015. METHODS The approval of the Non-Interventional Clinical Researches Ethics Board of Hacettepe University and written informed consents from the parents were obtained. The parents completed a questionnaire before the surgery. The children were examined using dental mirror and explorer under dental unit lighting. Oral health status was evaluated with DMFT/S, dmft/s, ICDAS II, dental plaque and gingival indices. The chi-square test, Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney U tests were used to statistically analyse the results, with statistical significance p<0.05. RESULTS Of the 170 children who had adenotonsillar hypertrophy with mouth breathing, 150 the parents agreed to participate the study. 77 of the children (51.3%) were male; the mean age was 5.9 ± 2.6. Mean dmft was 3.8 ± 3.6, dmfs 9.7 ± 1.1, DMFT 0.4 ± 1.0 and DMFS 0.6 ± 1.5 respectively. Among the children, 101 (67.3%) had cavitated dental caries, and according to ICDAS II, none had healthy teeth, 15 (10.0%) had initial, 42 (28.0%) had moderate and 93 (62.0%) had advanced caries. Of the children, 89.3% had gingivitis and the proportion of gingivitis in posterior region was found to be significantly higher than anterior region (p < 0,001). CONCLUSIONS The oral health status of mouth breathing in children with adeno-tonsillar hypertrophy was poor. To reduce the risk of dental caries and periodontal disease among these children, regular dental follow-up and preventive programmes for oral health are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Ballikaya
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ankara, 06100, Turkey.
| | - Bahar Guciz Dogan
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Ankara, 06100, Turkey
| | - Ovsen Onay
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ankara, 06100, Turkey
| | - Meryem Uzamis Tekcicek
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ankara, 06100, Turkey
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Nadanovsky P, Santos APP, Bloch KV. Prevalence of self‐reported gingival bleeding in a representative sample of the Brazilian adolescent population. J Clin Periodontol 2018; 45:952-958. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Nadanovsky
- Department of EpidemiologyNational School of Public HealthOswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz) Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Department of EpidemiologyInstitute of Social MedicineRio de Janeiro State University Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Pires Santos
- Department of Community and Preventive DentistryFaculty of DentistryRio de Janeiro State University Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Katia Vergetti Bloch
- Instituto de Estudos em Saúde ColetivaUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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Periodontal Pathogen Colonization in Young Children by PCR Quantification - A Longitudinal Survey. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018; 42:103-108. [PMID: 29087793 DOI: 10.17796/1053-4628-42.2.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Periodontal diseases are among the leading causes of premature tooth loss in adults, but the microbiota associated with this problem is established over time in childhood. AIM This longitudinal study aimed to verify the occurrence of periodontal pathogens in the oral cavity of children aged six, twelve, eighteen and twenty-four months through PCR quantification, correlating them with the oral microbiota of their mothers. STUDY DESIGN Saliva and oral biofilm samples were collected from mothers and children by using sterilized paper points. Furthermore, a questionnaire was applied in all periods to evaluate hygiene and dietary habits. RESULTS A positive correlation was found between mother-child pairs in all periods. No correlation was observed between hygiene and dietary habits and occurrence of periodontal pathogens. CONCLUSION Early inclusion of children in preventive and biofilm control programs could contribute to preventing acquisition of aggressive pathogens.
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Stein S, Schauseil M, Hellak A, Korbmacher-Steiner H, Braun A. Influence of Photobiomodulation Therapy on Gingivitis Induced by Multi-Bracket Appliances: A Split-Mouth Randomized Controlled Trial. Photomed Laser Surg 2018; 36:399-405. [PMID: 29775553 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2017.4404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this split-mouth trial was to investigate the influence of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on adjuvant treatment of gingivitis induced by multi-bracket appliances, after bracket debonding and professional tooth cleaning. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirteen patients (mean age 16.15 years; standard deviation ±2.12 years) who had completed active orthodontic treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances in an orthodontic clinic were included on a randomized basis. At time point T0, after bracket debonding and professional tooth cleaning, the papilla bleeding index (PBI) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were assessed in the upper jaw by the blinded investigator (M.S.), who was not aware at any time of which quadrant received PBMT. The study was based on a patient-blinded split-mouth design. In each patient, PBMT was administered by a practitioner (S.S.) in one upper quadrant (wavelength: 660 nm; Power: 100 mW; Power density: 100 mW/cm2; Energy density per application point = 2 J/cm2; Energy per application point = 2 J; Total dose = 52 J/cm2; Total energy = 52 J; Irradiation time: 26 × 20 sec), while the other upper quadrant received a simulated laser application with the laser system turned off. Randomized equal allocation of the sides was accomplished. The second PBI and BOP assessment followed 4-6 days after laser irradiation (T1) by M.S. RESULTS No statistical differences were observed between the sides with regard to PBI and BOP values at T0 (p > 0.05). The PBI and BOP values decreased significantly between T0 and T1 on both sides (p < 0.05). At T1, the PBI and BOP values were significantly lower in the laser side in comparison with the control side (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS On the basis of these results and study parameters, adjuvant PBMT is able to accelerate the healing process in patients with gingivitis induced by multi-bracket appliances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Stein
- 1 Department of Orthodontics, University of Marburg , Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael Schauseil
- 1 Department of Orthodontics, University of Marburg , Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Hellak
- 1 Department of Orthodontics, University of Marburg , Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Braun
- 2 Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontology, University of Marburg , Marburg, Germany
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Karbalaei A, Cho HJ. Microfluidic Devices Developed for and Inspired by Thermotaxis and Chemotaxis. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:E149. [PMID: 30424083 PMCID: PMC6187570 DOI: 10.3390/mi9040149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Taxis has been reported in many cells and microorganisms, due to their tendency to migrate toward favorable physical situations and avoid damage and death. Thermotaxis and chemotaxis are two of the major types of taxis that naturally occur on a daily basis. Understanding the details of the thermo- and chemotactic behavioral response of cells and microorganisms is necessary to reveal the body function, diagnosing diseases and developing therapeutic treatments. Considering the length-scale and range of effectiveness of these phenomena, advances in microfluidics have facilitated taxis experiments and enhanced the precision of controlling and capturing microscale samples. Microfabrication of fluidic chips could bridge the gap between in vitro and in situ biological assays, specifically in taxis experiments. Numerous efforts have been made to develop, fabricate and implement novel microchips to conduct taxis experiments and increase the accuracy of the results. The concepts originated from thermo- and chemotaxis, inspired novel ideas applicable to microfluidics as well, more specifically, thermocapillarity and chemocapillarity (or solutocapillarity) for the manipulation of single- and multi-phase fluid flows in microscale and fluidic control elements such as valves, pumps, mixers, traps, etc. This paper starts with a brief biological overview of the concept of thermo- and chemotaxis followed by the most recent developments in microchips used for thermo- and chemotaxis experiments. The last section of this review focuses on the microfluidic devices inspired by the concept of thermo- and chemotaxis. Various microfluidic devices that have either been used for, or inspired by thermo- and chemotaxis are reviewed categorically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Karbalaei
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
| | - Hyoung Jin Cho
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
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Santos MTBR, Diniz MB, Guaré RO, Ferreira MCD, Gutierrez GM, Gorjão R. Inflammatory markers in saliva as indicators of gingival inflammation in cerebral palsy children with and without cervical motor control. Int J Paediatr Dent 2017; 27:364-371. [PMID: 27785840 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the relation among gingival inflammation, salivary osmolality, levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and s-IgA concentrations in children with spastic CP with or without cervical motor control in a cross-sectional study. DESIGN Unstimulated whole saliva and the gingival index were collected in 37 and 34 CP children with and without cervical motor control, respectively. The data were dichotomized as follows: (=0) absence of gingival inflammation and (≥0.1) presence of gingival inflammation. RESULTS The group without cervical control presented statistically higher mean values of salivary osmolality, s-IgA, and cytokines. In addition, statistically positive correlation between the gingival index and salivary cytokines was observed in the group with cervical control. Salivary osmolality, salivary cytokines, and s-IgA from both groups presented a significant positive correlation. Significant differences (P = 0.00336) in the values of salivary osmolality were observed between the CP individuals with (93.9 ± 32.7) and without gingival inflammation (74.4 ± 16.6). ROC analysis was performed, and values of salivary osmolality >80 indicated a sensitivity of 0.54 and a specificity of 0.79. CONCLUSIONS Children without cervical motor control presented a more pronounced oral inflammatory status that was characterized by higher levels of cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Renata Gorjão
- Postgraduate Interdisciplinary Program in Health Sciences, Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Yadav SK, Khan G, Bonde GV, Bansal M, Mishra B. Design, optimization and characterizations of chitosan fortified calcium alginate microspheres for the controlled delivery of dual drugs. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 46:1180-1193. [PMID: 28830256 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1366331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Periodontal disease is chronic, highly prevalent infectious disease that requires prolonged and controlled delivery of antimicrobial agents into pockets. To achieve this objective, dual antimicrobials encapsulated chitosan fortified calcium alginate (CS-Ca-SA) microspheres were formulated by application of Plackett-Burman factorial design. The microspheres were optimized for particle size (PS), entrapment efficiency (EE) and drug release. The optimized microspheres presented average PS of 74-461 µm and EE of 62.45-86.20% with controlled drug delivery for 120 hours. FTIR disclosed successful complexation between SA and CS. DSC and XRD studies showed changes in the crystallinity of drugs in microspheres. Shape factor and SEM demonstrated spherical to pear-shaped microspheres. Release exponent >0.43 and high diffusion coefficients revealed non-Fickian-based diffusion-limited drug release. CS-Ca-SA microspheres exhibited surface pH of 6.5 ± 0.5, moderate swelling, less erosion and improved mucoadhesion over Ca-SA microspheres. Also, significant antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and cytocompatibility with L929 cell lines were observed. Further, microspheres exhibited long-term stability on refrigeration. The outcomes of study supported the potential of dual polymer and dual drug-based biodegradable, stable, non-toxic, mucoadhesive, controlled and prolonged drug release microspheres as more patient compliant by administration into periodontal pockets for the management of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Kumari Yadav
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi , India.,b Moti Lal Nehru Medical College , Allahabad , India
| | - Gayasuddin Khan
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi , India
| | - Gunjan Vasant Bonde
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi , India
| | - Monika Bansal
- c Faculty of Dental Sciences , Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi , India
| | - Brahmeshwar Mishra
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi , India
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Shizuma Y, Zaitsu T, Ueno M, Ohnuki M, Kawaguchi Y. Relationship between self-assessment and clinical evaluation of dental plaque and gingival condition in Japanese adolescents. Int J Dent Hyg 2017; 16:144-150. [DOI: 10.1111/idh.12281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Shizuma
- Department of Oral Health Promotion; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - T Zaitsu
- Department of Oral Health Promotion; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - M Ueno
- Department of Oral Health Promotion; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - M Ohnuki
- Department of Oral Health Promotion; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Y Kawaguchi
- Department of Oral Health Promotion; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
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Mira A, Simon-Soro A, Curtis MA. Role of microbial communities in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases and caries. J Clin Periodontol 2017; 44 Suppl 18:S23-S38. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Mira
- Department of Health and Genomics; Center for Advanced Research in Public Health; FISABIO Foundation; Valencia Spain
| | - A. Simon-Soro
- Department of Health and Genomics; Center for Advanced Research in Public Health; FISABIO Foundation; Valencia Spain
| | - M. A. Curtis
- Institute of Dentistry; Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry; Queen Mary University of London; London UK
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45
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Kamasaki Y, Satoh K, Nishiguchi M, Hoshino T, Fujiwara T. Acute oral complications in a pediatric patient with acute lymphoid leukemia. Pediatr Int 2016; 58:484-487. [PMID: 26711327 DOI: 10.1111/ped.12829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a low-virulence pathogen that can cause infection in immunocompromised patients. Among pediatric hematologists, it is known that careful attention should be paid to P. aeruginosa as the bacteria responsible for intraoral inflammation, and antibiotic therapy targeting P. aeruginosa is the first-line treatment during neutropenia in patients with hematological malignancy. Immunosuppressed patients, however, are at high risk of developing inflammation. Here, we report a case involving a 10-year-old patient with acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL), in which P. aeruginosa synergistically acted with pre-existing gingivitis to induce unusual oral necrotic lesions, leading to acute buccal cellulitis and pus discharge from external sinus tracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Kamasaki
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kyoko Satoh
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Miyuki Nishiguchi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tomonori Hoshino
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Taku Fujiwara
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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Agbaje HO, Kolawole KA, Folayan MO, Onyejaka NK, Oziegbe EO, Oyedele TA, Chukwumah NM, Oshomoji OV. Digit Sucking, Age, Sex, and Socioeconomic Status as Determinants of Oral Hygiene Status and Gingival Health of Children in Suburban Nigeria. J Periodontol 2016; 87:1047-56. [PMID: 27240472 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2016.150681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study determines prevalence of digit sucking and gingivitis, and association among age, sex, socioeconomic status, presence of digit-sucking habits, oral hygiene status (OHS), and gingivitis among a group of Nigerian children. METHODS Data of 992 children aged 1 to 12 years recruited through a household survey conducted in Osun State, Nigeria were analyzed. Information on age, sex, socioeconomic status, and history of digit-sucking habits were collected. Children were assessed for OHS and severity of gingivitis using the simplified oral hygiene index and the gingival index, respectively. Predictors of presence of gingivitis and poor oral hygiene were determined using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS One (0.2%) and 454 (93.0%) children aged 1 to 5 years had poor oral hygiene and mild gingivitis, respectively. Twenty-two (4.4%) and 361 (72.9%) children aged 6 to 12 years had poor oral hygiene and mild gingivitis, respectively. The odds of having poor oral hygiene (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 0.26; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.20 to 0.35; P <0.001) and gingivitis (AOR: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.14 to 0.31; P <0.001) was significantly reduced for children aged 1 to 5 years. The odds of having gingivitis was increased in children with low socioeconomic status (AOR: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.32 to 3.31; P = 0.002). There was no significant relationship among sex, digit sucking, OHS, and presence of gingivitis. CONCLUSIONS A digit-sucking habit did not increase chances of having poor oral hygiene and gingivitis. Increasing age and low socioeconomic status were factors that significantly increased chances of having poor oral hygiene and gingivitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakeem O Agbaje
- Oral Habit Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals' Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Kikelomo A Kolawole
- Oral Habit Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals' Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals' Complex
| | - Morenike O Folayan
- Oral Habit Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals' Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals' Complex
| | - Nneka K Onyejaka
- Oral Habit Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals' Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Elizabeth O Oziegbe
- Oral Habit Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals' Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals' Complex
| | - Titus A Oyedele
- Oral Habit Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals' Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Nneka M Chukwumah
- Oral Habit Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals' Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Olusegun V Oshomoji
- Oral Habit Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals' Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
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47
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Funieru C, Klinger A, Băicuș C, Funieru E, Dumitriu HT, Dumitriu A. Epidemiology of gingivitis in schoolchildren in Bucharest, Romania: a cross-sectional study. J Periodontal Res 2016; 52:225-232. [PMID: 27093564 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Gingivitis is the most prevalent oral disease in children, being strongly associated to social gradients. Many studies have reported different results concerning the extent and intra-oral distribution of gingivitis in children. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiologic parameters and socio-related risk factors of gingivitis in the 10-17-year-old Bucharest schoolchildren population and to analyze its intra-oral distribution. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cross-sectional data were obtained from 1595 schoolchildren, social condition being assigned using a simple questionnaire. Classes of students were used as clusters in a single-stage cluster sampling method. An intra-oral exam was performed for all the children included in this study. Silness and Löe scores, prevalence and the extent of gingivitis were calculated. RESULTS The gingival scores showed a mild inflammation and the prevalence of gingivitis was 91%. Boys had a higher gingival (0.19 vs. 0.18; p < 0.05) and plaque scores (0.71 vs. 0.59; p < 0.01) than girls. Children who did not live in overcrowded households, whose parents had a better education and those who had direct access to school dental services displayed better gingival conditions (p < 0.05). Gingivitis was more severe on the upper teeth, with the maximum score being reached at the right upper lateral incisor (0.63 on distal surface). CONCLUSIONS Gingival condition in Bucharest schoolchildren population was associated to social gradients. School dental services are also another factor that seems to be related with gingivitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Funieru
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,RECIF (Réseau d' Epidémiologie Clinique International Francophone), Bucharest, Romania
| | - A Klinger
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hadassah and Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - C Băicuș
- RECIF (Réseau d' Epidémiologie Clinique International Francophone), Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - H T Dumitriu
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - A Dumitriu
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
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Mathur MR, Tsakos G, Parmar P, Millett CJ, Watt RG. Socioeconomic inequalities and determinants of oral hygiene status among Urban Indian adolescents. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2016; 44:248-54. [PMID: 26762656 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the socioeconomic inequalities in oral hygiene and to explore the role of various socioeconomic and psychosocial factors as determinants of these inequalities among adolescents residing in Delhi National Capital Territory. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1386 adolescents aged 12-15 years from three different socioeconomic groups according to their area of residence (middle-class areas, resettlement colonies and urban slum colonies). Level of oral hygiene was examined clinically using the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S), and an interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to measure key socio-demographic variables and psychosocial and health-related behaviours. Logistic regression analysis tested the association between area of residence and poor oral hygiene. RESULTS Poor oral hygiene was observed in 50.2% of the adolescents. There was a socioeconomic gradient in poor oral hygiene, with higher prevalence observed at each level of deprivation. These differences were only partly explained, and the differences between adolescent groups remained statistically significant after adjusting for various demographic variables, standard of living, social capital, social support and health-affecting behaviours (OR: 1.96, 95% CI: 1.30-2.76; and OR: 2.50, 95% CI: 1.60-3.92 for adolescents from resettlement colonies and urban slums, respectively, than middle-class adolescents). CONCLUSION Area of residence emerged as a strong socioeconomic predictor of prevalence of poor oral hygiene among Indian adolescents. Various material, psychosocial and behavioural factors did not fully explain the observed inequalities in poor oral hygiene among different adolescent groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu Raj Mathur
- Department of Dental Public Health, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Georgios Tsakos
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Priyanka Parmar
- Department of Dental Public Health, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | | | - Richard G Watt
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
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Merchant SN, Vovk A, Kalash D, Hovencamp N, Aukhil I, Harrison P, Zapert E, Bidwell J, Varnado P, Shaddox LM. Localized aggressive periodontitis treatment response in primary and permanent dentitions. J Periodontol 2015; 85:1722-9. [PMID: 25186780 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2014.140171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The comparative treatment response of children and young adults with localized aggressive periodontitis treatment (LAgP) affecting primary and permanent dentition is unknown. The objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of non-surgical periodontal therapy with adjunctive systemic antibiotics on the clinical outcome of children and young adults with primary versus permanent dentition affected by LAgP. METHODS A cohort of 97 African American participants aged 5 to 21 years (30 males and 67 females; 22 primary and 75 permanent dentitions affected) diagnosed with LAgP were included. Patients presented with no significant medical history. All patients underwent periodontal therapy, which consisted of full-mouth mechanical debridement at baseline and the 3-, 6-, and 12-month appointments. Additionally, all patients were prescribed a 1-week regimen of systemic antibiotics at the initial appointment. Clinical parameters were analyzed, including probing depth, clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing, and percentage of visible plaque. RESULTS Overall, periodontal therapy was found to be effective in improving the clinical outcomes of both primary and permanent dentitions. Although baseline CALs were similar between the groups, the reduction in mean CAL at 3, 6, and 12 months and reduction in percentage plaque at 3 months were significantly greater in primary dentition compared with permanent dentition. CONCLUSIONS Non-surgical therapy with systemic antibiotics is effective for LAgP in both primary and permanent dentitions. A greater reduction in CAL in LAgP of primary dentition may suggest that younger children may carry a greater propensity for positive treatment outcomes and healing potential compared with children/young adults with permanent dentition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherin N Merchant
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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Rodan R, Khlaifat F, Smadi L, Azab R, Abdalmohdi A. Prevalence and severity of gingivitis in school students aged 6-11 years in Tafelah Governorate, South Jordan: results of the survey executed by National Woman's Health Care Center. BMC Res Notes 2015; 8:662. [PMID: 26552995 PMCID: PMC4640206 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1532-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A cross-sectional census was conducted on 994 public school students aged 6-11 years living in 3 different parts of Tafeleh Governorate—South of Jordan, to determine the prevalence, and severity
of gingivitis and to evaluate the oral hygiene habits among them as a part a survey executed by National Woman’s Health Care Center. All students were examined for gingival index (GI) and plaque index (PI), information about oral hygiene habits was recorded. Results Only 29.8 % had healthy gingiva, 38.5 % had mild gingivitis, 31.4 % had moderate gingivitis, and 0.3 % had severe gingivitis. The difference between both genders was not statistically significant P > 0.05. 36.8 % of the examined students never brushed their teeth. Average gingival index (GI) and average plaque index (PI) were 0.77 and 0.61 respectively. Conclusions Fair oral hygiene with mild to moderate gingivitis is highly prevalent among Tafelah school children. This study indicated that oral health status among schoolchildren in Tafelah is poor and needs to be improved. Long-term school based oral health education programme is highly recommended. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13104-015-1532-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Rodan
- Royal Medical Services, P.O Box 391, Salt, 19110, Jordan.
| | | | - Leena Smadi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, University of Jordan, P.O Box 855066, Amman, 11855, Jordan.
| | - Reem Azab
- Ministry of Health, P.O Box 86, Amman, 11118, Jordan.
| | - Asma Abdalmohdi
- Head of Planning, Research and Information Department, National Woman's Health Care Center, P.O Box 723, Amman, 11831, Jordan.
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