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Govender L, Mikulic J, Wyss JC, Gaide O, Thome M, Golshayan D. Therapeutic Potential of Targeting Malt1-Dependent TCR Downstream Signaling to Promote the Survival of MHC-Mismatched Allografts. Front Immunol 2020; 11:576651. [PMID: 33042160 PMCID: PMC7517581 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.576651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Strategies targeting T cells are the cornerstone of immunosuppression after solid organ transplantation. The transcription factor NF-κB is a key regulator of downstream T-cell activation and induction of inflammatory mediators; its full activation via antigen receptor engagement requires both the scaffold and the protease activity of the paracaspase Malt1. Experimental studies have highlighted that Malt1-deficient mice were resistant to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, although they lacked peripheral regulatory T cells (Treg). Here, we compared targeting Malt1 versus using calcineurin inhibitors as immunosuppression in a stringent experimental transplantation model. We found that Malt1-deficiency impaired Th1-mediated alloresponses in vitro and in vivo and significantly prolonged MHC-mismatched skin allograft survival, compared to cyclosporine. However, it paradoxically enhanced Th17 differentiation in the transplantation setting. Interestingly, more selective inhibition of Malt1 protease activity in wild-type mouse and human peripheral T cells in vitro led to attenuation of alloreactive Th1 cells, while preserving preexisting Treg in the peripheral T-cell pool, and without promoting Th17 differentiation. Thus, there is a place for further investigation of the role of Malt1 signaling in the setting of transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lerisa Govender
- Transplantation Centre and Transplantation Immunopathology Laboratory, Department of Medicine and Service of Immunology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Josip Mikulic
- Transplantation Centre and Transplantation Immunopathology Laboratory, Department of Medicine and Service of Immunology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Christophe Wyss
- Transplantation Centre and Transplantation Immunopathology Laboratory, Department of Medicine and Service of Immunology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Gaide
- Department of Medicine and Service of Dermatology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Margot Thome
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Dela Golshayan
- Transplantation Centre and Transplantation Immunopathology Laboratory, Department of Medicine and Service of Immunology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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2
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Zhao Y, Cooper DKC, Wang H, Chen P, He C, Cai Z, Mou L, Luan S, Gao H. Potential pathological role of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-17) in xenotransplantation. Xenotransplantation 2019; 26:e12502. [PMID: 30770591 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The major limitation of organ transplantation is the shortage of available organs from deceased human donors which leads to the deaths of thousands of patients each year. Xenotransplantation is considered to be an effective way to resolve the problem. Immune rejection and coagulation dysfunction are two major hurdles for the successful survival of pig xenografts in primate recipients. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-17, play important roles in many diseases and in allotransplantation. However, the pathological roles of these pro-inflammatory cytokines in xenotransplantation remain unclear. Here, we briefly review the signaling transduction and expression regulation of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-17 and evaluate their potential pathological roles in in vitro and in vivo models of xenotransplantation. We found that IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-17 were induced in most in vitro or in vivo xenotransplantation model. Blockade of these cytokines using gene modification, antibody, or inhibitor had different effects in xenotransplantation. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling with tocilizumab decreased CRP but did not increase xenograft survival. The one possible reason is that tocilizumab can not suppress IL-6 signaling in porcine cells or organs. Other drugs which inhibit IL-6 signaling need to be investigated in xenotransplantation model. Inhibition of TNF-α was beneficial for the survival of xenografts in pig-to-mouse, rat, or NHP models. Blockade of IL-17 using a neutralizing antibody also increased xenograft survival in several animal models. However, the role of IL-17 in the pig-to-NHP xenotransplantation model remains unclear and needs to be further investigated. Moreover, blockade of TNF-α and IL-6 together has got a better effect in pig-to-baboon kidney xenotransplantation. Blockade two or even more cytokines together might get better effect in suppressing xenograft rejection. Better understanding the role of these cytokines in xenotransplantation will be beneficial for choosing better immunosuppressive strategy or producing genetic modification pig.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University Affiliated Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University Affiliated Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - David K C Cooper
- Xenotransplantation Program, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Huiyun Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University Affiliated Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pengfei Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University Affiliated Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chen He
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiming Cai
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lisha Mou
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shaodong Luan
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University Affiliated Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hanchao Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University Affiliated Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University Affiliated Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Baur J, Otto C, Steger U, Klein-Hessling S, Muhammad K, Pusch T, Murti K, Wismer R, Germer CT, Klein I, Müller N, Serfling E, Avots A. The Transcription Factor NFATc1 Supports the Rejection of Heterotopic Heart Allografts. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1338. [PMID: 29946322 PMCID: PMC6005848 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune suppressants cyclosporin A (CsA) and tacrolimus (FK506) are used worldwide in transplantation medicine to suppress graft rejection. Both CsA and FK506 inhibit the phosphatase calcineurin (CN) whose activity controls the immune receptor-mediated activation of lymphocytes. Downstream targets of CN in lymphocytes are the nuclear factors of activated T cells (NFATs). We show here that the activity of NFATc1, the most prominent NFAT factor in activated lymphocytes supports the acute rejection of heterotopic heart allografts. While ablation of NFATc1 in T cells prevented graft rejection, ectopic expression of inducible NFATc1/αA isoform led to rejection of heart allografts in recipient mice. Acceptance of transplanted hearts in mice bearing NFATc1-deficient T cells was accompanied by a reduction in number and cytotoxicity of graft infiltrating cells. In CD8+ T cells, NFATc1 controls numerous intracellular signaling pathways that lead to the metabolic switch to aerobic glycolysis and the expression of numerous lymphokines, chemokines, and their receptors, including Cxcr3 that supports the rejection of allogeneic heart transplants. These findings favors NFATc1 as a molecular target for the development of new strategies to control the cytotoxicity of T cells upon organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Baur
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular, and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Otto
- Experimental Surgery, Department of General, Visceral, Vascular, and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Steger
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular, and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Klein-Hessling
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Julius-Maximilians University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Khalid Muhammad
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Julius-Maximilians University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Pusch
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Julius-Maximilians University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Krisna Murti
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Julius-Maximilians University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rhoda Wismer
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Julius-Maximilians University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph-Thomas Germer
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular, and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Klein
- Transplant and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of General, Visceral, Vascular, and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nora Müller
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Edgar Serfling
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Julius-Maximilians University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andris Avots
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Julius-Maximilians University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Andrews LM, Li Y, De Winter BCM, Shi YY, Baan CC, Van Gelder T, Hesselink DA. Pharmacokinetic considerations related to therapeutic drug monitoring of tacrolimus in kidney transplant patients. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2017; 13:1225-1236. [PMID: 29084469 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2017.1395413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tacrolimus (Tac) is the cornerstone of immunosuppressive therapy after solid organ transplantation and will probably remain so. Excluding belatacept, no new immunosuppressive drugs were registered for the prevention of acute rejection during the last decade. For several immunosuppressive drugs, clinical development halted because they weren't sufficiently effective or more toxic. Areas covered: Current methods of monitoring Tac treatment, focusing on traditional therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), controversies surrounding TDM, novel matrices, pharmacogenetic and pharmacodynamic monitoring are discussed. Expert opinion: Due to a narrow therapeutic index and large interpatient pharmacokinetic variability, TDM has been implemented for individualization of Tac dose to maintain drug efficacy and minimize the consequences of overexposure. The relationship between predose concentrations and the occurrence of rejection or toxicity is controversial. Acute cellular rejection also occurs when the Tac concentration is within the target range, suggesting that Tac whole blood concentrations don't necessarily correlate with pharmacological effect. Intracellular Tac, the unbound fraction of Tac or pharmacodynamic monitoring could be better biomarkers/tools for adequate Tac exposure - research into this has been promising. Traditional TDM, perhaps following pre-emptive genotyping for Tac-metabolizing enzymes, must suffice for a few years before these strategies can be implemented in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise M Andrews
- a Department of Hospital Pharmacy , Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Yi Li
- a Department of Hospital Pharmacy , Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam , Rotterdam , The Netherlands.,b Department of Laboratory Medicine , West China Hospital of Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Brenda C M De Winter
- a Department of Hospital Pharmacy , Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Yun-Ying Shi
- c Department of Nephrology , West China Hospital of Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Carla C Baan
- d Department of Internal Medicine , Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Teun Van Gelder
- a Department of Hospital Pharmacy , Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam , Rotterdam , The Netherlands.,d Department of Internal Medicine , Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Dennis A Hesselink
- d Department of Internal Medicine , Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
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Sido JM, Nagarkatti PS, Nagarkatti M. Δ⁹-Tetrahydrocannabinol attenuates allogeneic host-versus-graft response and delays skin graft rejection through activation of cannabinoid receptor 1 and induction of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 98:435-47. [PMID: 26034207 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3a0115-030rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune cells have been shown to express cannabinoid receptors and to produce endogenous ligands. Moreover, activation of cannabinoid receptors on immune cells has been shown to trigger potent immunosuppression. Despite such studies, the role of cannabinoids in transplantation, specifically to prevent allograft rejection, has not, to our knowledge, been investigated previously. In the current study, we tested the effect of THC on the suppression of HvGD as well as rejection of skin allografts. To this end, we studied HvGD by injecting H-2(k) splenocytes into H-2(b) mice and analyzing the immune response in the draining ingLNs. THC treatment significantly reduced T cell proliferation and activation in draining LNs of the recipient mice and decreased early stage rejection-indicator cytokines, including IL-2 and IFN-γ. THC treatment also increased the allogeneic skin graft survival. THC treatment in HvGD mice led to induction of MDSCs. Using MDSC depletion studies as well as adoptive transfer experiments, we found that THC-induced MDSCs were necessary for attenuation of HvGD. Additionally, using pharmacological inhibitors of CB1 and CB2 receptors and CB1 and CB2 knockout mice, we found that THC was working preferentially through CB1. Together, our research shows, for the first time to our knowledge, that targeting cannabinoid receptors may provide a novel treatment modality to attenuate HvGD and prevent allograft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Sido
- *Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, USA; and William Jennings Bryan Dorn Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Prakash S Nagarkatti
- *Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, USA; and William Jennings Bryan Dorn Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- *Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, USA; and William Jennings Bryan Dorn Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
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7
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Liu Y, Li Y, Zhang L, Li M, Li C, Xue C, Huang X, Zhou P. NF-κB downregulates Cbl-b through binding and suppressing Cbl-b promoter in T cell activation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:3778-83. [PMID: 25762784 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
T cell activation causes the translocation of NF-κB dimers from the cytoplasm into the nucleus where NF-κB regulates inflammatory and immune response genes. Cbl-b is a negative regulator of T cell activation. However, the correlation between NF-κB activity and Cbl-b expression remains unclear. We showed that IκBαΔN-Tg T cells exhibited less NF-κB activity but higher levels of Cbl-b when compared with wild-type T cells. Furthermore, ursolic acid suppressed NF-κB activation and inhibited the downregulation of Cbl-b in wild-type T cells. NF-κBp65 specifically bound to an 11-bp NF-κB consensus sequence (gcaggaagtcc) in the Cbl-b promoter. Binding of NF-κB to this sequence suppressed Cbl-b transcription, thereby resulting in the negative regulation of Cbl-b expression. In addition, Cbl-b knockout led to the loss of cardiac allograft tolerance in IκBαΔN-Tg mice. These results indicated that NF-κB downregulated Cbl-b by binding and suppressing Cbl-b promoter in T cell activation. Our findings provide a novel role for NF-κB signaling in T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Li
- St.-Antonius-Hospital Kleve, Katholisches Karl-Leisner-Klinikum, Kleve 47533, Germany
| | - LiMin Zhang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Health, and Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - MingQiang Li
- The Center Hospital of TaiAn, 271000 TaiAn, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, 300000 Tianjin, China; and
| | - ChengBiao Xue
- Transplant Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060 Wuhan, China
| | - Xia Huang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Health, and Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Health, and Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, 430030 Wuhan, China;
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8
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Chong AS, Alegre ML. Transplantation tolerance and its outcome during infections and inflammation. Immunol Rev 2015; 258:80-101. [PMID: 24517427 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Much progress has been made toward understanding the mechanistic basis of transplantation tolerance in experimental models, which implicates clonal deletion of alloreactive T and B cells, induction of cell-intrinsic hyporesponsiveness, and dominant regulatory cells mediating infectious tolerance and linked suppression. Despite encouraging success in the laboratory, achieving tolerance in the clinic remains challenging, although the basis for these challenges is beginning to be understood. Heterologous memory alloreactive T cells generated by infections prior to transplantation have been shown to be a critical barrier to tolerance induction. Furthermore, infections at the time of transplantation and tolerance induction provide a pro-inflammatory milieu that alters the stability and function of regulatory T cells as well as the activation requirements and differentiation of effector T cells. Thus, infections can result in enhanced alloreactivity, resistance to tolerance induction, and destabilization of the established tolerance state. We speculate that these experimental findings have relevance to the clinic, where infections have been associated with allograft rejection and may be a causal event precipitating the loss of grafts after long periods of stable operational tolerance. Understanding the mechanisms by which infections prevent and destabilize tolerance can lead to therapies that promote stable life-long tolerance in transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita S Chong
- Section of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Barnes SE, Wang Y, Chen L, Molinero LL, Gajewski TF, Evaristo C, Alegre ML. T cell-NF-κB activation is required for tumor control in vivo. J Immunother Cancer 2015; 3:1. [PMID: 25648675 PMCID: PMC4308877 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-014-0045-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND T cells have the capacity to eliminate tumors but the signaling pathways by which they do so are incompletely understood. T cell priming requires activation of the transcription factors AP-1, NFAT and NF-κB downstream of the TCR, but whether activation of T cell-NF-κB in vivo is required for tumor control has not been addressed. In humans and mice with progressively growing tumors, the activity of T cell-intrinsic NF-κB is often reduced. However, it is not clear if this is causal for an inability to reject transformed cells, or if it is a consequence of tumor growth. T cell-NF-κB is important for T cell survival and effector differentiation and plays an important role in enabling T cells to reject cardiac and islet allografts, suggesting the possibility that it may also be required for tumor elimination. In this study, we tested whether normal T cell-NF-κB activation is necessary for the rejection of tumors whose growth is normally controlled by the immune system. METHODS Mice with genetically impaired T cell-NF-κB activity were subcutaneously injected with MC57-SIY tumor cells. Tumor growth was measured over time, and the anti-tumor immune response was evaluated using flow cytometry and cytokine detection assays. RESULTS Mice with impaired T cell-NF-κB activity were unable to reject tumors that were otherwise eliminated by wildtype mice, despite equal accumulation of tumor-reactive T cells. In addition, specific impairment of NF-κB signaling downstream of the TCR was sufficient to prevent tumor rejection. Tumor antigen-specific T cell-IFN-γ and TNF-α production, as well as cytotoxic ability, were all reduced in mice with impaired T cell-NF-κB, suggesting an important role for this transcription factor in the effector differentiation of tumor-specific effector T cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results have identified the NF-κB pathway as an important signaling axis in T cells, required for the elimination of growing tumors in vivo. Maintaining or enhancing T cell-NF-κB activity may be a promising avenue for anti-tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Barnes
- />Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, 924 E. 57th St. JFK-R312, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Ying Wang
- />Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, 924 E. 57th St. JFK-R312, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Luqiu Chen
- />Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, 924 E. 57th St. JFK-R312, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Luciana L Molinero
- />Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way MS: 245c, South San Francisco, CA 94080 USA
| | - Thomas F Gajewski
- />Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, 924 E. 57th St. JFK-R312, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
- />Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, 927 E. 57th St, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Cesar Evaristo
- />Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, 924 E. 57th St. JFK-R312, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Maria-Luisa Alegre
- />Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, 924 E. 57th St. JFK-R312, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
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Shin HM, Tilahun ME, Cho OH, Chandiran K, Kuksin CA, Keerthivasan S, Fauq AH, Golde TE, Miele L, Thome M, Osborne BA, Minter LM. NOTCH1 Can Initiate NF-κB Activation via Cytosolic Interactions with Components of the T Cell Signalosome. Front Immunol 2014; 5:249. [PMID: 24904593 PMCID: PMC4033603 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell stimulation requires the input and integration of external signals. Signaling through the T cell receptor (TCR) is known to induce formation of the membrane-tethered CBM complex, comprising CARMA1, BCL10, and MALT1, which is required for TCR-mediated NF-κB activation. TCR signaling has been shown to activate NOTCH proteins, transmembrane receptors also implicated in NF-κB activation. However, the link between TCR-mediated NOTCH signaling and early events leading to induction of NF-κB activity remains unclear. In this report, we demonstrate a novel cytosolic function for NOTCH1 and show that it is essential to CBM complex formation. Using a model of skin allograft rejection, we show in vivo that NOTCH1 acts in the same functional pathway as PKCθ, a T cell-specific kinase important for CBM assembly and classical NF-κB activation. We further demonstrate in vitro NOTCH1 associates physically with PKCθ and CARMA1 in the cytosol. Unexpectedly, when NOTCH1 expression was abrogated using RNAi approaches, interactions between CARMA1, BCL10, and MALT1 were lost. This failure in CBM assembly reduced inhibitor of kappa B alpha phosphorylation and diminished NF-κB–DNA binding. Finally, using a luciferase gene reporter assay, we show the intracellular domain of NOTCH1 can initiate robust NF-κB activity in stimulated T cells, even when NOTCH1 is excluded from the nucleus through modifications that restrict it to the cytoplasm or hold it tethered to the membrane. Collectively, these observations provide evidence that NOTCH1 may facilitate early events during T cell activation by nucleating the CBM complex and initiating NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Mu Shin
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts/Amherst , Amherst, MA , USA
| | - Mulualem E Tilahun
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts/Amherst , Amherst, MA , USA
| | - Ok Hyun Cho
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts/Amherst , Amherst, MA , USA
| | - Karthik Chandiran
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts/Amherst , Amherst, MA , USA
| | - Christina Arieta Kuksin
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts/Amherst , Amherst, MA , USA
| | - Shilpa Keerthivasan
- Program in Molecular Biology, Loyola University Medical Center , Maywood, IL , USA
| | - Abdul H Fauq
- Chemical Synthesis Core Facility, Mayo Clinic , Jacksonville, FL , USA
| | - Todd E Golde
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA ; Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA
| | - Lucio Miele
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, University of Mississippi Cancer Institute , Jackson, MS , USA
| | - Margot Thome
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Immunity and Infection, University of Lausanne , Epalinges , Switzerland
| | - Barbara A Osborne
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts/Amherst , Amherst, MA , USA ; Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts/Amherst , Amherst, MA , USA
| | - Lisa M Minter
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts/Amherst , Amherst, MA , USA ; Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts/Amherst , Amherst, MA , USA
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11
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Yan W, Xu R, Ma LL, Han W, Geevarghese SK, Williams PE, Sciammas R, Chong AS, Yin DP. B cells assist allograft rejection in the deficiency of protein kinase c-theta. Transpl Int 2013; 26:919-27. [PMID: 23841454 DOI: 10.1111/tri.12143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that mice deficient in protein kinase C theta (PKCθ) have the ability to reject cardiac allografts, but are susceptible to tolerance induction. Here we tested role of B cells in assisting alloimmune responses in the absence of PKCθ. Mouse cardiac allograft transplantations were performed from Balb/c (H-2d) to PKCθ knockout (PKCθ(-/-)), PKCθ and B cell double-knockout (PBDK, H-2b) mice and wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 (H-2b) mice. PBDK mice spontaneously accepted the allografts with the inhibition of NF-κB activation in the donor cardiac allograft. Anti-B cell antibody (rituximab) significantly delayed allograft rejection in PKCθ(-/-), but not in WT mice. Co-transfer of PKCθ(-/-) T plus PKCθ(-/-) B cells or primed sera triggered allograft rejection in Rag1(-/-) mice, and only major histocompatibility complex class II-enriched B cells, but not class I-enriched B cells, were able to promote rejection. This, together with the inability of PKCθ(-/-) and CD28(-/-) double-deficient (PCDK) mice to acutely reject allografts, suggested that an effective cognate interaction between PKCθ(-/-) T and B cells for acute rejection is CD28 molecule dependent. We conclude that T-B cell interactions synergize with PKCθ(-/-) T cells to mediate acute allograft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwei Yan
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Vafadari R, Kraaijeveld R, Weimar W, Baan CC. Tacrolimus inhibits NF-κB activation in peripheral human T cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60784. [PMID: 23573283 PMCID: PMC3613409 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The calcineurin inhibitor, tacrolimus (TAC), inhibits the protein phosphatase activity of calcineurin, leading to suppression of the nuclear translocation of NFAT and inhibition of T cell activation. Apart from NFAT also the transcription factor NF-κB plays a key functional role in T cell activation. Therefore, blockade of the NF-κB activation cascade by immunosuppressive drugs prevents immune activation. Here we studied whether TAC blocks NF-κB activation in peripheral human T cells. After anti-CD3/CD28-activation of T cells from healthy volunteers, NF-κB (p65) phosphorylation was measured by flow cytometry in CD3+ T cells, CD4+ helper T cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells in the absence and presence of TAC 10 ng/mL, sotrastaurin 500 nM (positive control) and mycophenolic acid 10 µg/mL (negative control; n = 6). NF-κB transcriptional activity was measured by ELISA and intracellular TNFα protein, a downstream target, was measured by flow cytometry to assess the functional consequences of NF-κB blockade. Anti-CD3/28-activation induced NF-κB phosphorylation in CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells by 34% (mean), 38% and 30% resp. (p<0.01). Sotrastaurin inhibited NF-κB activation in the respective T cell subsets by 93%, 95% and 86% (p<0.01 vs. no drug), while mycophenolic acid did not affect this activation pathway. Surprisingly, TAC also inhibited NF-κB phosphorylation, by 55% (p<0.01) in CD3+ T cells, by 56% (p<0.01) in CD4+ T cells and by 51% in CD8+ T cells (p<0.01). In addition, TAC suppressed NF-κB DNA binding capacity by 55% (p<0.05) in CD3+ T cells and TNFα protein expression was inhibited in CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells by 76%, 71% and 93% resp. (p<0.01 vs. no drug), confirming impaired NF-κB signaling. This study shows the suppressive effect of TAC on NF-κB signaling in peripheral human T cell subsets, measured at three specific positions in the NF-κB activation cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Vafadari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rens Kraaijeveld
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Weimar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carla C. Baan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic islet transplantation has the potential to cure type 1 diabetes, a chronic lifelong disease, but its clinical applicability is limited by allograft rejection. Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) is a transcription factor important for survival and differentiation of T cells. In this study, we tested whether NF-κB in T cells is required for the rejection of islet allografts. METHODS Mice expressing a superrepressor form of NF-κB selectively in T cells (IκBαΔN-Tg mice) with or without the antiapoptotic factor Bcl-xL, or mice with impaired T-cell receptor (TCR)- and B cell receptor-driven NF-κB activity (CARMA1-KO mice) were rendered diabetic and transplanted with islet allografts. Secondary skin transplantation in long-term acceptors of islet allografts was used to test for the development of donor-specific tolerance. Immune infiltration of the transplanted islets was examined by immunofluorescence. TCR-transgenic CD4 T cells were used to follow T-cell priming and differentiation. RESULTS Islet allograft survival was prolonged in IκBαΔN-Tg mice, although the animals did not develop donor-specific tolerance. Reduced NF-κB activity did not prevent T-cell priming or differentiation but reduced survival of activated T cells, as transgenic expression of Bcl-xL restored islet allograft rejection in IκBαΔN-Tg mice. Abolishing TCR- and B cell receptor-driven activation of NF-κB selectively by CARMA1 deficiency prevented T-cell priming and islet allograft rejection. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that T cell-NF-κB plays an important role in the rejection of islet allografts. Targeting NF-κB selectively in lymphocytes seems a promising approach to facilitate acceptance of transplanted islets.
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Molinero LL, Alegre ML. Role of T cell-nuclear factor κB in transplantation. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2011; 26:189-200. [PMID: 22074783 DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2011.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Revised: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor (NF) κB is a pleiotropic transcription factor that is ubiquitously expressed. After transplantation of solid organs, NF-κB in the graft is activated within a few hours as a consequence of ischemia/reperfusion and then again after a few days in intragraft infiltrating cells during the process of acute allograft rejection. In the present article, we review the components of the NF-κB pathway, their mechanisms of activation, and their role in T cell and antigen-presenting cell activation and differentiation and in solid organ allograft rejection. Targeted inhibition of NF-κB in selected cell types may promote graft survival with fewer adverse effects compared with global immunosuppressive therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana L Molinero
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Spivey TL, Uccellini L, Ascierto ML, Zoppoli G, De Giorgi V, Delogu LG, Engle AM, Thomas JM, Wang E, Marincola FM, Bedognetti D. Gene expression profiling in acute allograft rejection: challenging the immunologic constant of rejection hypothesis. J Transl Med 2011; 9:174. [PMID: 21992116 PMCID: PMC3213224 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-9-174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, the role and relationship between molecular pathways that lead to tissue destruction during acute allograft rejection are not fully understood. Based on studies conducted in humans, we recently hypothesized that different immune-mediated tissue destruction processes (i.e. cancer, infection, autoimmunity) share common convergent final mechanisms. We called this phenomenon the "Immunologic Constant of Rejection (ICR)." The elements of the ICR include molecular pathways that are consistently described through different immune-mediated tissue destruction processes and demonstrate the activation of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), the recruitment of cytotoxic immune cells (primarily through CXCR3/CCR5 ligand pathways), and the activation of immune effector function genes (IEF genes; granzymes A/B, perforin, etc.). Here, we challenge the ICR hypothesis by using a meta-analytical approach and systematically reviewing microarray studies evaluating gene expression on tissue biopsies during acute allograft rejection. We found the pillars of the ICR consistently present among the studies reviewed, despite implicit heterogeneity. Additionally, we provide a descriptive mechanistic overview of acute allograft rejection by describing those molecular pathways most frequently encountered and thereby thought to be most significant. The biological role of the following molecular pathways is described: IFN-γ, CXCR3/CCR5 ligand, IEF genes, TNF-α, IL-10, IRF-1/STAT-1, and complement pathways. The role of NK cell, B cell and T-regulatory cell signatures are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara L Spivey
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section (IDIS), Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center and trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology (CHI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Liu Y, Huang X, Li Y, Li C, Hu X, Xue C, Meng F, Zhou P. Ursolic acid promotes robust tolerance to cardiac allografts in mice. Clin Exp Immunol 2011; 164:282-8. [PMID: 21391985 PMCID: PMC3087921 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04333.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor (NF)-κB is an important molecule in T cell activation. Our previous work has found that T cell-restricted NF-κB super-repressor (IκBαΔN-Tg) mice, expressing an inhibitor of NF-κB restricted to the T cell compartment, can permanently accept fully allogeneic cardiac grafts and secondary donor skin grafts. In this study, we explore if transient NF-κB inhibition by a small molecular inhibitor could induce permanent graft survival. Ursolic acid, a small molecular compound, dose-dependently inhibited T cell receptor (TCR)-triggered NF-κB nuclear translocation and T cell activation in vitro. In vivo, ursolic acid monotherapy prolonged significantly the survival of cardiac allograft in mice. Assisted with donor-specific transfusion (DST) on day 0, ursolic acid promoted 84·6% of first cardiac grafts to survive for more than 150 days. While the mice with long-term surviving grafts (LTS) did not reject the second donor strain hearts for more than 100 days without any treatment, they all promptly rejected the third-party strain hearts within 14 days. Interestingly, this protocol did not result in an increased proportion of CD4(+) CD25(+) forkhead box P3(+) regulatory T cells in splenocytes. That adoptive transfer experiments also did not support regulation was the main mechanism in this model. Splenocytes from LTS showed reduced alloreactivity to donor antigen. However, depletion of CD4(+) CD25(+) regulatory T cells did not alter the donor-reactivity of LTS splenocytes. These data suggest that depletion of donor-reactive T cells may play an important role in this protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
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Cheng SP, Lee JJ, Chi CW, Chang KM, Chen YJ. Platonin Improves Survival of Skin Allografts. J Surg Res 2010; 164:146-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2009.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2009] [Revised: 04/24/2009] [Accepted: 05/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Bortezomib Can Suppress Activation of Rapamycin-Resistant Memory T Cells Without Affecting Regulatory T-Cell Viability in Non-Human Primates. Transplantation 2009; 88:1349-59. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e3181bd7b3a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Wu J, Zhang M, Jia H, Huang X, Zhang Q, Hou J, Bo Y. Protosappanin A induces immunosuppression of rats heart transplantation targeting T cells in grafts via NF-kappaB pathway. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2009; 381:83-92. [PMID: 19924402 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-009-0461-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Accepted: 09/30/2009] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Protosappanin A as one major and effective ingredient from Caesalpinia sappan L. exhibited antirejection activity obviously in heart-transplanted rat. The present study was designed to screen out the potential target genes of protosappanin A with microarray technology and reveal some molecular mechanism of immunosuppressive effect. Rats performed with ectopic peritoneal heart transplantation were randomized into three groups receiving different treatments for 7 days: protosappanin A group (25 mg kg(-1)), cyclosporine A group (10 mg kg(-1)), and control group. The differentially expressed genes responding to protosappanin A were analyzed with microarrays. Among common differentially expressed genes, the ones of interest were selected for further evaluation by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western blot, immunochemistry, immunofluorescence, and ELISA. Among the 146 common differentially expressed genes, NF-kappaB and related genes like IkappaBa, IFN-r, and IP10 were selected for verification. The results of qRT-PCR, Western blot, immunochemistry, and ELISA showed that protosappanin A significantly reduced the expression of NF-kappaB, IFN-r, and IP10 (p < 0.05) and increased IkappaBa expression (p < 0.05) in graft. Moreover, the immunochemistry staining of NF-kappaB and IkappaBa was mainly observed in infiltrating mononuclear cells. Strikingly, immunofluorescent staining localized NF-kappaB to the TCR-positive T cells in graft. Furthermore, protosappanin A exhibited inhibitory effect on T cell proliferation in recipients after 7-day treatment. In conclusion, protosappanin A might act on T cells through inhibiting NF-kappaB activation and downstream gene expressions of IFN-r and IP10, meanwhile reducing T cell proliferation responding to alloantigen, so as to induce immunosuppressive effect. The results encourage a potential therapeutic evaluation of protosappanin A for clinical organ transplantation or other T cell-mediated immune disorders. Additionally, our study also verified the feasibility of microarray utilization in Chinese herb research to explore molecular mechanism and promote development of scientific theories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
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Small Interfering RNA Targeting RelB Protects Against Renal Ischemia-reperfusion Injury. Transplantation 2009; 87:1283-9. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e3181a1905e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Molinero LL, Wang Y, Zhou P, Yagita H, Alegre ML. Fas mediates cardiac allograft acceptance in mice with impaired T-cell-intrinsic NF-kappaB signaling. Transpl Int 2009; 22:845-52. [PMID: 19351347 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2009.00875.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor NF-kappaB is critical for T-cell activation and survival. We have shown that mice expressing a T-cell-restricted NF-kappaB superrepressor (IkappaBalphaDeltaN-Tg) permanently accept heart but not skin allografts. Overexpression of the prosurvival factor Bcl-x(L) in T cells restored heart rejection, suggesting that graft acceptance in IkappaBalphaDeltaN-Tg mice was attributable to deletion of alloreactive T cells.In vitro, the increased death of IkappaBalphaDeltaN-Tg T cells upon TCR stimulation when compared with wildtype T cells was mostly because of Fas/FasL interaction. Similarly, Fas played a key role in cardiac allograft acceptance by IkappaBalphaDeltaN-Tg mice as both genetic and antibody-mediated inhibition of Fas-signaling restored cardiac allograft rejection. Rejection correlated with graft infiltration by T cells and splenic production of IFN-gamma upon allostimulation. These results indicate that T-cell inhibition of NF-kappaB results in cardiac allograft acceptance because of increased susceptibility to Fas-mediated cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Lorena Molinero
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, The University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Bioluminescence imaging visualizes activation of nuclear factor-kappaB in mouse cardiac transplantation. Transplantation 2008; 85:903-10. [PMID: 18360274 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e318166cde1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the role of bioluminescence imaging (BLI) in the determination of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activation in cardiac allograft rejection and ischemia-reperfusion injury. METHODS To visualize NF-kappaB activation, luciferase transgenic mice under the control of a mouse NF-kappaB promoter (NF-kappaB-Luc) were used as donors or recipients of cardiac grafts. Alternatively, NF-kappaB-Luc spleen cells were adoptively transferred into Rag2 -/- mice with or without cardiac allografts. BLI was performed posttransplantation to detect luciferase activity that represents NF-kappaB activation. RESULTS The results show that luciferase activity was significantly increased in the cardiac allografts when NF-kappaB-Luc mice were used as recipients as well as donors. Luciferase activity was also elevated in the wild-type cardiac allografts in Rag2 -/- mice that were transferred with NF-kappaB-Luc spleen cells. CD154 monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy inhibited luciferase activity and induced long-term survival of cardiac allografts. toll-like receptor-9 ligand, CpG DNA, enhanced luciferase activity and abrogated tolerance induction by CD154 mAb. Luciferase activity was also increased in ischemia-reperfusion injury of the cardiac grafts. CONCLUSION BLI using Luc-NF-kappaB mice is a noninvasive approach to visualize the activation of NF-kappaB signaling in mouse cardiac allograft rejection and ischemia-reperfusion injury. CD154 mAb can inhibit NF-kappaB activation, which is reversed by toll-like receptor engagement.
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Fairhead T, Lian D, McCully ML, Garcia B, Zhong R, Madrenas J. RIP2 is required for NOD signaling but not for Th1 cell differentiation and cellular allograft rejection. Am J Transplant 2008; 8:1143-50. [PMID: 18522545 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2008.02236.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Two previous reports that receptor-interacting protein (RIP)-2 knockout (RIP2-/-) mice had defective nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) signaling and T helper (Th)1 immune responses had led us to believe that this putative serine-threonine kinase might be a possible target for transplant immunosuppression. Thus, we tested whether RIP2-/- mice were able to reject vascularized allografts. Surprisingly, we found that T cells from RIP2-/- mice proliferated and produced interferon (IFN)-gamma after allostimulation in vitro. Moreover, naïve RIP2-/- CD4+ T cells differentiated normally into Th1 or Th2 cells under appropriate cytokine microenvironments. Consistent with these findings, no difference in allograft survival was observed between wild-type and RIP2-/- recipient mice, and rejection had similar pathology and cytokine profiles in both types of recipients. RIP2 deficiency was associated with defective NOD signaling, but this did not affect T-cell receptor (TCR)-dependent activation of the canonical NF-kappaB signaling or expression of NF-kappaB genes in rejecting allografts. Our data demonstrate that RIP2-deficient mice have intact canonical NF-kappaB signaling and can mount Th1-mediated alloresponses and reject vascularized allografts as efficiently as wild-type mice, thus arguing against RIP2 as a primary target for immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Fairhead
- The FOCIS Centre for Clinical Immunology and Immunotherapeutics, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
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Fairchild RL. Jump-starting alloreactive T cells with high-activation thresholds-donor Langerhans cells provide the charge. Am J Transplant 2008; 8:7-8. [PMID: 18184310 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2007.02064.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Molinero LL, Zhou P, Wang Y, Harlin H, Kee B, Abraham C, Alegre ML. Epidermal Langerhans cells promote skin allograft rejection in mice with NF-kappa B-impaired T cells. Am J Transplant 2008; 8:21-31. [PMID: 18021281 PMCID: PMC2829624 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2007.02038.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
T cells play a major role in the acute rejection of transplanted organs. Using mice transgenic for a T-cell-restricted NF-kappaB super-repressor (IkappaBalphaDeltaN-Tg mice), we have previously shown that T-cell-NF-kappaB is essential for the acute rejection of cardiac but not skin allografts. In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which skin grafts activate IkappaBalphaDeltaN-Tg T cells. Rejection was not due to residual T-cell-NF-kappaB activity as mice with p50/p52(-/-) T cells successfully rejected skin grafts. Rather, skin but not cardiac allografts effectively induced proliferation of graft-specific IkappaBalphaDeltaN-Tg T cells. Rejection of skin grafts by IkappaBalphaDeltaN-Tg mice was in part dependent on the presence of donor Langerhans cells (LC), a type of epidermal dendritic cells (DC), as lack of LC in donor skin grafts resulted in prolongation of skin allograft survival and injection of LC at the time of cardiac transplantation was sufficient to promote cardiac allograft rejection by IkappaBalphaDeltaN-Tg mice. Our results suggest that LC allow NF-kappaB-impaired T cells to reach an activation threshold sufficient for transplant rejection. The combined blockade of T-cell-NF-kappaB with that of alternative pathways allowing activation of NF-kappaB-impaired T cells may be an effective strategy for tolerance induction to highly immunogenic organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- LL Molinero
- Department of Medicine, and Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - P Zhou
- Department of Medicine, and Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Medicine, and Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - H Harlin
- Medical College of Wisconsin, WI 53226
| | - B Kee
- Department of Pathology, and Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - C Abraham
- Department of Medicine, and Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - ML Alegre
- Department of Medicine, and Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
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Zhou P, Balin SJ, Mashayekhi M, Hwang KW, Palucki DA, Alegre ML. Transplantation Tolerance in NF-κB-Impaired Mice Is Not Due to Regulation but Is Prevented by Transgenic Expression of Bcl-xL. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 174:3447-53. [PMID: 15749879 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.6.3447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
NF-kappaB is a key regulator of transcription after TCR and costimulatory receptor ligation. To determine the role of T cell-intrinsic NF-kappaB activation in acute allograft rejection, we used IkappaBalphaDeltaN-Tg mice (H-2b) that express an inhibitor of NF-kappaB restricted to the T cell compartment. We have previously shown that these mice permanently accept fully allogeneic (H-2d) cardiac grafts and secondary donor skin grafts, and that splenocytes from these tolerant mice have reduced alloreactivity when restimulated in vitro. These results were compatible with either deletion or suppression of allospecific T cells as possible mechanisms of tolerance. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of transplant tolerance in these mice. IkappaBalphaDeltaN-Tg mice did not have increased numbers or function of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells either before or after cardiac transplantation. In addition, tolerance could not be transferred to fresh NF-kappaB-competent T cells and was not permissive for linked suppression to skin grafts sharing donor and third-party alloantigens, suggesting that dominant suppression is not the mechanism by which IkappaBalphaDeltaN-Tg mice achieve tolerance. In contrast, overexpression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-xL in T cells from IkappaBalphaDeltaN-Tg mice resulted in effective rejection of cardiac allografts and correlated with an increased frequency of splenocytes producing IFN-gamma in response to alloantigen. Together, these results suggest that the death of alloreactive T cells may be partly responsible for the transplantation tolerance observed in mice with defective T cell-intrinsic NF-kappaB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Salgar SK, Yang D, Ruiz P, Miller J, Tzakis AG. Viral interleukin-10-engineered autologous hematopoietic stem cell therapy: a novel gene therapy approach to prevent graft rejection. Hum Gene Ther 2004; 15:131-44. [PMID: 14975186 DOI: 10.1089/104303404772679940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Epstein-Barr virus-encoded protein BCRF1 (viral interleukin [vIL]-10) is a biologically active homologue of cellular interleukin (IL)-10. In this study, a novel gene therapy approach to prolong allograft survival was designed. Autologous (syngeneic) hematopoietic progenitor/stem cell-enriched (HSC; lineage(-ve)) population derived from CBA/J mouse bone marrow were transduced with retrovirus encoding vIL-10 gene (vIL-10-HSC), ex vivo; vIL-10-HSC were injected (4-6 x 10(6) cells intravenously) into lethally (9.5 Gy) or sublethally (4 Gy) irradiated CBA/J mice. Six weeks after vIL-10-HSC administration, vascular heterotopic heart (C57BL/6) transplantation was performed. Ex vivo, the vIL-10-HSC produced 5.4 +/- 0.5 ng of vIL-10 protein/2 x 10(5) cells per 24 hr. In vivo, serum vIL-10 production was 187 +/- 205 pg/ml during 3-10 weeks after vIL-10-HSC administration. Cardiac allograft survival was prolonged (p < 0.004) in lethally (71 +/- 40 days) and sublethally (114 +/- 15 days) irradiated mice that received vIL-10-HSC compared to controls that received unengineered (UE) HSC or vector DNA-engineered HSC (12-16 days). However, secondary skin graft (C57BL/6) survival was not prolonged in cardiac allograft-tolerant animals. In the vIL-10-HSC-administered group, graft histopathology demonstrated mild arteritis/venulitis (grade 0.7) and rejection (grade 1.0). Intragraft expression of costimulatory molecules (B7.1, B7.2), cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, mIL-10, interferon [IFN]-gamma), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) molecules was markedly lower in vIL-10-HSC-treated tolerant grafts that survived more than 100 days compared to vector DNA-HSC- or UE-HSC-treated controls. Furthermore, T lymphocytes derived from vIL-10-HSC-treated tolerant recipients demonstrated hyporeactivity to donor antigens in mixed lymphocyte cultures. Administration of autologous vIL-10-engineered HSC prior to organ transplantation prolonged cardiac allograft survival significantly.
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