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Healthy ways of relating to past, present, and future self: Narrated growth and self-compassion with well-being and future orientation. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2022.104284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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2
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Baumann D, Ruch W. What constitutes a fulfilled life? A mixed methods study on lay perspectives across the lifespan. Front Psychol 2022; 13:982782. [PMID: 36248492 PMCID: PMC9563392 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.982782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we initiated a new research line on fulfillment in life by developing a conceptual framework and a self-report measure. To enhance conceptual clarity and complement theoretical considerations and empirical findings, we investigated lay conceptions of a fulfilled life in German-speaking participants at different life stages. First, we selected a qualitative approach using an open-ended question asking participants to describe a fulfilled life. Second, for a more comprehensive understanding, quantitative data were collected about the relevance of sources in providing fulfillment and ratings on a fulfilling life in the present and a fulfilled life in retrospect. Qualitative content analysis was used to assess the responses to the open-ended question. One-fifth of the data was double coded, and intercoder reliability was high (Kappa = 0.89). Responses comprised a variety of descriptions, and we grouped them into seven themes, three of which overlapped with the prior conceptualization, namely the core elements of (a) general description, (b) cognitive appraisals, and (c) affective appraisals. Cognitive evaluations related to intrapersonal aspects, particularly having lived life fully, attained personally significant goals, and developed oneself, as well as interpersonal, generative aspects, such as having made a contribution and been able to leave something of value. These categories are mostly in line with what the Fulfilled Life Scale (FLS) measures. Further themes referred to correlates—including (d) sources—and antecedents, including (e) resources, (f) personal characteristics, and (g) quality of life, all considered worthy to be the subject of empirical investigation but which were not included in the conceptual model. Qualitative and quantitative results suggest that individuals derive fulfillment from different sources. Fulfillment from a profession and having a life task was strongly associated with longer-term fulfillment. Only a few age and sex differences were found. The overarching framework developed from the qualitative results can stimulate further investigation. Our findings underscore that a fulfilled life as a distinct construct should be measured directly rather than via a proxy. Insights into the constituents, sources, and antecedents of a fulfilled life can inform practice to promote a life well lived.
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Bauer JJ, Graham LE, Mooney S, Geisz A, Mueller M. The Good Life Story: Deconstructing (and Integrating) Elements of Narrative Identity and a Good Life, Featuring Themes of Humanistic Growth. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2022.104303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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4
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Mousa Almatar N, Jayawickreme N, Foote WG, Demaske A, Jayawickreme E. Examining associations between personal growth initiative and subjective trajectories of life satisfaction among survivors of ethnopolitical violence in Rwanda and Sri Lanka. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2022; 15:499-515. [PMID: 35855652 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Does personal growth initiative (PGI)-the tendency to be proactive about one's personal development-impact adaptive beliefs about life quality among survivors of mass violence, such as ethnopolitical warfare or genocidal violence? One-hundred-and-twenty-three survivors of the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda and 179 Tamil individuals affected by the civil war in Sri Lanka completed assessments of PGI, satisfaction with one's past life, current life satisfaction, and anticipated future life satisfaction. High levels of PGI were associated with an adaptive inclining trajectory of life satisfaction (Past < Present < Future) in both samples. These results indicate that PGI is associated with adaptive beliefs about one's identity and well-being among war-affected populations, and supports future interventions targeting PGI among those communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alana Demaske
- Department of Psychology & Program for Leadership and Character, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Eranda Jayawickreme
- Department of Psychology & Program for Leadership and Character, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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6
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Costabile KA, Boytos AS. Autobiographical Narratives Reflect, Repair, and Rewrite Self-Views. PSYCHOLOGICAL INQUIRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1047840x.2021.2007702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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7
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Thomas B, Clegg KA, Holding AC, Koestner R. From the Good Life to Good Living: A Longitudinal Study Investigating the Relationship Between Good-Life Coherence and Motivation, Goal Progress and Subjective Well-Being. JOURNAL OF HAPPINESS STUDIES 2021; 23:1887-1900. [PMID: 34840523 PMCID: PMC8608581 DOI: 10.1007/s10902-021-00476-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although considerable research has examined the traits and features involved in living a good life (Baumeister et al. in J Posit Psychol 8(6):505-516, 2013; Ryan et al. in Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness, Guilford Press, 2006; Wong in Can Psychol/Psychol Can 52(2):69-81, 2011), little research has examined personal philosophies of the good life and the motivational outcomes associated with these views. Through a prospective longitudinal study across one academic year, we examined whether perceiving oneself to be living coherently with personal conceptions of the good life was associated with greater autonomous goal motivation and, subsequently, goal progress and greater subjective well-being (SWB) over time. We hypothesize that perceiving oneself as living coherently in terms of one's own philosophy of flourishing relates to greater volition, goal progress and happiness. Our results suggest that when individuals assess themselves as following their own philosophy of the good life, they tend to experience greater autonomous motivation, goal progress and SWB. Implications for personality coherence and Self-Determination Theory are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Thomas
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Fournier MA, Dong M, Quitasol MN, Weststrate NM, Di Domenico SI. Components and Correlates of Personality Coherence in Action, Agency, and Authorship. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/08902070211034954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Personality coherence is an individual difference capturing the extent to which a person’s psychological characteristics are coordinated, unified, and integrated. The present research addressed the extent to which coherence indicators inter-correlate and predict relevant outcomes over and above the effects of the Big Five among midlife adults ( N = 446). Coherence indicators loaded onto four components: actor coherence, which captured the extent to which people were consistent in their interpersonal values, traits, and behavior; agent coherence, which captured the extent to which people’s goals were coordinated and need-congruent; author coherence, which captured the extent to which people’s self-defining stories were well composed and theme laden; and controlled coherence, which captured the extent to which people experienced their goals as pressured or compelled and as leading them to need-detracting futures. Although actor coherence correlated with both agent and author coherence, agent and author coherence were not correlated. Nevertheless, the actor-, agent-, and author-coherence composites each predicted at least one of the outcome variables (i.e., well-being, autonomy, and ego development) over and above the Big Five. The present findings suggest that the coherence of personality constitutes an individual difference domain of consequence beyond the established content dimensions of personality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A. Fournier
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mengxi Dong
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew N. Quitasol
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nic M. Weststrate
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Larissa Bühler J, Weidmann R, Grob A. The actor, agent, and author across the life span: interrelations between personality traits, life goals, and life narratives in an age-heterogeneous sample. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/per.2275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
According to the integrative framework for studying people, personality manifests and develops along three separate, but related, levels: the actor (e.g. traits), agent (e.g. goals), and author (i.e. narratives). Although these levels are thought to be conceptually interrelated, few studies have empirically examined such interrelations. To address this gap, the present study tested how traits, goals, and narratives are longitudinally related to each other and whether master motives (getting along and getting ahead) serve as helpful tools to structure these interrelations. Applying a developmental approach, we further explored these interrelations against the background of age-related effects. A sample of 141 participants (14–68 years, M = 35.40 years) completed self-reports on traits and goals at the beginning and end of a 2-year study. In between these measurements, participants took part in a life story interview that assessed narratives. We applied multilevel analyses and found that traits, goals, and narratives were meaningfully related to each other. Interactions with age occurred in less than 20% of the cases, emerged among the majority of variables (except for agreeableness and openness), were most pronounced for narratives and were mainly found among young and middle-aged participants. The findings are discussed in view of master motives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Larissa Bühler
- Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Alexander Grob
- Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Switzerland
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İnce B, Şimsek ÖF, Özbek L. Attachment and depression: The mediating roles of personal life projects and emotional intelligence. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-019-0136-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Jealousy Incarnate: Quiet Ego, Competitive Desire, and the Fictional Intelligence of Long-Term Mating in a Romantic K-Drama. Behav Sci (Basel) 2020; 10:bs10090134. [PMID: 32899259 PMCID: PMC7551964 DOI: 10.3390/bs10090134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we analyze a K-drama aired by the Korean TV network SBS in 2016, Jealousy Incarnate, as a case study of the application of the Tie-Up Theory to a romantic narrative as a form of simulation of human mating processes with social cognition valence. We find that this case provides us with an example of a mating process where the choice of the male partner by the female lead character does not privilege the one that should be preferable on the basis of the standard prediction of the experimental research on human mating. This discrepancy is a signal of a basic limitation of experimental research, that highlights the subjects’ preferences for abstract potential partners but is not able to fully account for the mechanisms that lead to the choice of a specific partner in a specific mating interaction. We argue that the narrative simulation viewpoint provides insights that are complementary to those of experimental research, and that a more comprehensive theoretical approach, such as the one offered by the Tie-Up Theory, may be helpful to account for both perspectives.
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Berber Çelik Ç, Odaci H. Subjective well-being in university students: what are the impacts of procrastination and attachment styles? BRITISH JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE & COUNSELLING 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/03069885.2020.1803211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Çiğdem Berber Çelik
- Department of Science Education, Faculty of Education, RecepTayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Hatice Odaci
- Department of Science Education, Fatih Faculty of Education, Trabzon University, Trabzon, Turkey
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Perlin JD, Li L. Why Does Awe Have Prosocial Effects? New Perspectives on Awe and the Small Self. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2020; 15:291-308. [PMID: 31930954 DOI: 10.1177/1745691619886006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Awe is an emotional response to stimuli that are perceived to be vast (e.g., tall trees, sunsets) and that defy accommodation by existing mental structures. Curiously, awe has prosocial effects despite often being elicited by nonsocial stimuli. The prevailing explanation for why awe has prosocial effects is that awe reduces attention to self-oriented concerns (i.e., awe makes the self small), thereby making more attention available for other-oriented concerns. However, several questions remain unaddressed by the current formulation of this small-self hypothesis. How are awe researchers defining the self, and what implications might their theory of selfhood have for understanding the "smallness" of the self? Building on theories regarding psychological selfhood, we propose that awe may interact with the self not just in terms of attentional focus but rather at multiple layers of selfhood. We further reinterpret the small self using the notion of the quiet ego from personality psychology. Linking awe to an enriched model of the self provided by personality psychology may be fruitful for explaining a range of phenomena and motivating future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leon Li
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University
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Jensen RA, Kirkegaard Thomsen D, O'Connor M, Mehlsen MY. Age differences in life stories and neuroticism mediate age differences in subjective well‐being. APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/acp.3580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rikke A.A. Jensen
- Department of PsychologyAarhus University Aarhus Denmark
- Center on Autobiographical Memory Research (CON AMORE)Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Dorthe Kirkegaard Thomsen
- Department of PsychologyAarhus University Aarhus Denmark
- Center on Autobiographical Memory Research (CON AMORE)Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Maja O'Connor
- Department of PsychologyAarhus University Aarhus Denmark
- Unit for Bereavement ResearchAarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Mimi Y. Mehlsen
- Department of PsychologyAarhus University Aarhus Denmark
- Unit for Psychooncology and Health PsychologyAarhus University Aarhus Denmark
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Miyagawa Y, Taniguchi J, Niiya Y. Can self-compassion help people regulate unattained goals and emotional reactions toward setbacks? PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2018.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Brown LD, Adeboye AA, Yusuf RA, Chaudhary P. Engaging vulnerable populations in parent-led support groups: Testing a recruitment strategy. EVALUATION AND PROGRAM PLANNING 2018; 69:18-24. [PMID: 29656058 PMCID: PMC5997542 DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the proven benefits of parenting interventions, parent engagement in such interventions remains low and is particularly challenging among vulnerable populations. This theoretically grounded study tested the effectiveness of a recruitment strategy - a simulated parent-led support group (PSG) - to increase intentions to attend a PSG in a predominantly low income, minority sample. The study also examined sociodemographic characteristics that may influence the effectiveness of the recruitment strategy and engagement in PSGs. Surveys assessing intentions to attend a PSG were administered before and after the simulation, and a 2-month follow-up survey assessed subsequent PSG attendance. A total of 95 participants were included in this study. Results indicate that participants' intentions to attend a PSG significantly increased following the PSG simulation (Cohen's d = 1.15), especially among Hispanics. However, PSG attendance in the 2 months following the PSG simulation was relatively low, with only 13% of parents attending a PSG or a planning meeting to start a new PSG. Nevertheless, this recruitment strategy may serve as an important component of a larger engagement effort, especially given the substantial challenges of engaging vulnerable populations in PSGs and other parenting interventions to reduce educational and health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis D Brown
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), School of Public Health, 1851 Wiggins Way, HSN 486, El Paso, TX, 79968, United States.
| | - Adeniyi A Adeboye
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), School of Public Health, 1200 Pressler Street, Houston, TX, 77030, United States.
| | - Rafeek A Yusuf
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), School of Public Health, 1200 Pressler Street, Houston, TX, 77030, United States.
| | - Pooja Chaudhary
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), School of Public Health, 1200 Pressler Street, Houston, TX, 77030, United States.
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Bauer JJ, Graham LE, Lauber EA, Lynch BP. What growth sounds like: Redemption, self-improvement, and eudaimonic growth across different life narratives in relation to well-being. J Pers 2018; 87:546-565. [PMID: 29999181 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We disentangled three growth-relevant concepts (redemption, self-improvement, and eudaimonic growth) in personal narratives of high, low, and turning points and tested their relations to well-being. METHOD In two studies, participants (Study 1 n = 111, Study 2 n = 206; overall ages 17-83, 56% women, 75% white) wrote narratives of high points, low points, and turning points. Researchers coded each narrative for redemption sequences (i.e., affectively valenced changes in life from bad to good), self-improvement sequences (i.e., affectively valenced changes in oneself for the better), and themes of eudaimonic growth (i.e., values or motives for cultivating meaningful activities or relationships, helping others, or wisdom). Participants also self-reported well-being. RESULTS Redemption sequences in low points predicted higher well-being but in high points predicted lower well-being. Self-improvement sequences and growth themes each predicted higher well-being in each life event (and interacted in high points). Growth themes consistently mediated predicted relations between both redemption and self-improvement sequences and well-being. Findings held when controlling for global narrative affect, self-reported growth motivation, and big-five traits. CONCLUSIONS Thematic motives for eudaimonic growth were more closely tied to well-being than were affective evaluations of either changes from bad to good (redemption) or one's becoming better (self-improvement).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack J Bauer
- Department of Psychology, University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio
| | - Laura E Graham
- Department of Psychology, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, California
| | - Elissa A Lauber
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Bridget P Lynch
- Department of Psychology, LeMoyne College, Syracuse, New York
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Bauer JJ, King LA, Steger MF. Meaning making, self-determination theory, and the question of wisdom in personality. J Pers 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Philippe FL, Dobbin AE, Ross S, Houle I. Resilience facilitates positive emotionality and integration of negative memories in need satisfying memory networks: An experimental study. JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2017.1365158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Frederick L. Philippe
- ELABORER – Laboratory for Research on Emotions and Representations, Department of Psychology, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Alastair E. Dobbin
- College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sheila Ross
- The Foundation for Positive Mental Health, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Iliane Houle
- ELABORER – Laboratory for Research on Emotions and Representations, Department of Psychology, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, Canada
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Mendoza-Ruvalcaba NM, von Humboldt S, Arias-Merino ED, Leal I. Cross-cultural differences in adjustment to aging: A comparison between Mexico and Portugal. PSYCHOLOGY, COMMUNITY & HEALTH 2017. [DOI: 10.5964/pch.v6i1.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective
To compare Adjustment to Aging (AtA) and Satisfaction with Life in a Mexican and a Portuguese older sample.
Method
A total of 723 (n = 340 Mexican and n = 383 Portuguese) older adults were included and assessed with the AtA Scale (ATAS) and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWL). Informed consent was obtained from all participants. Portuguese participants were significantly older than Mexicans (mean age 85.19 and 71.36 years old, respectively) and showed higher education level (p < .001). No significant differences on gender and marital status were found.
Results
Mexicans considered all aspects of AtA absolutely more important than their Portuguese counterparts (p < .001). For Mexicans, being cherished by their family (82.1%), being healthy, without pain or disease (75.9%), having spiritual religious and existential values (75%) and having fun and laughter (75%) were the most important for AtA, compared to having curiosity and an interest in learning (22.5%), creating and being creative (20.1%) and leaving a mark and seed for the future (18.0%) for Portuguese participants. Mexicans also reported a higher SWL than Portuguese participants. Mean scores were 6.10 (SD = 0.76) and 3.66 (SD = 1.47) respectively (p < .001). AtA and SWL were correlated in the Mexican sample (p = .001), but not in the Portuguese (p = .100).
Discussion
Differences on AtA between Mexican and Portuguese older adults should be explained considering their cultural and social context, and their socio-demographic characteristics. The enhancement of AtA, and its relevance to improve well-being and longevity can become a significant resource or health care interventions.
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Philippe FL, Bernard-Desrosiers L. The Odyssey of Episodic Memories: Identifying the Paths and Processes Through Which They Contribute to Well-Being. J Pers 2016; 85:518-529. [PMID: 27087385 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This research highlights the processes through which lasting episodic memories and their characterized level of need satisfaction (autonomy, competence, and relatedness) can impact well-being, both at the situational level and over time. METHOD Study 1 (N = 92, Mage = 42.07 years, 72% female) investigated the effect of the unconscious activation of a personal episodic memory on situational well-being using a subliminal priming procedure. Study 2 (N = 275, Mage = 22.45 years, 84% female) followed the odyssey of an episodic memory by examining at various points over time its abstraction into perceptions of general need satisfaction and its long-term effect on well-being. RESULTS Study 1 revealed that the activation of a need-satisfying memory produced an immediate increase in well-being, whereas the triggering of a need-thwarting memory led to an immediate decrease in well-being compared to controls. Study 2 revealed little influence of individual differences, but need satisfaction in episodic memories had a significant cumulative impact on well-being at different points in time over months and was abstracted into greater perceptions of general need satisfaction over time. CONCLUSION Results provide convincing evidence for the directive function of memories on well-being, both at the situational level and over time.
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Merrill N, Waters TEA, Fivush R. Connecting the self to traumatic and positive events: links to identity and well-being. Memory 2015; 24:1321-8. [DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2015.1104358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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23
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Is narrating growth in stories of personal transgressions associated with increased well-being, self-compassion, and forgiveness of others? JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Adler JM, Lodi-Smith J, Philippe FL, Houle I. The Incremental Validity of Narrative Identity in Predicting Well-Being. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2015; 20:142-75. [PMID: 25968138 DOI: 10.1177/1088868315585068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Grounded in four theoretical positions—structural, cognitive, phenomenological, and ethical—the present review demonstrates the empirical evidence for the incremental validity of narrative identity as a cross-sectional indicator and prospective predictor of well-being, compared with other individual difference and situational variables. In doing so, we develop an organizational framework of four categories of narrative variables: (a) motivational themes, (b) affective themes, (c) themes of integrative meaning, and (d) structural elements. Using this framework, we detail empirical evidence supporting the incremental association between narrative identity and well-being, a case that is strongest for motivational, affective, and integrative meaning themes. These categories of themes serve as vital complimentary correlates and predictors of well-being, alongside commonly assessed variables such as dispositional personality traits. We then use the theoretically grounded review of the empirical literature to develop concrete areas of future research for the field.
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Lynch BP, O'Mara EM. Do Autonomous Individuals Strive for Self-Positivity? Examining the Role of Autonomy in the Expression of Self-Enhancement. SELF AND IDENTITY 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2015.1006244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Travers CJ, Morisano D, Locke EA. Self-reflection, growth goals, and academic outcomes: A qualitative study. BRITISH JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2014; 85:224-41. [DOI: 10.1111/bjep.12059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominique Morisano
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health; Toronto Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health; University of Toronto; Canada
| | - Edwin A. Locke
- Robert H. Smith School of Business; University of Maryland; College Park Maryland USA
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Lamela D, Figueiredo B, Bastos A, Martins H. Psychometric Properties of the Portuguese Version of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory Short Form Among Divorced Adults. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT 2014. [DOI: 10.1027/1015-5759/a000161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop and validate a Portuguese version of the Short Form of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI-SF). Using an online convenience sample of Portuguese divorced adults (N = 482), we confirmed the oblique five-factor structure of the PTGI-SF by confirmatory factor analysis. The results demonstrated the measurement invariance across divorce initiator status groups. Total score and factors of PTGI-SF showed good internal consistency, with the exception of the New Possibilities factor, which revealed an acceptable reliability. The Portuguese PTGI-SF showed a satisfactory convergent validity. In terms of discriminant validity, posttraumatic growth assessed by the Portuguese PTGI-SF was a distinct factor from posttraumatic psychological adjustment. These preliminary findings suggest the cultural adaptation and also psychometric properties of the present Portuguese PTGI-SF to measure posttraumatic growth after personal crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alice Bastos
- Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, Portugal
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28
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Maturity and change in personality: developmental trends of temperament and character in adulthood. Dev Psychopathol 2014; 25:713-27. [PMID: 23880387 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579413000126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We studied the developmental trends of temperament and character in a longitudinal population-based sample of Finnish men and women aged 20-45 years using the Temperament and Character Inventory model of personality. Personality was assessed in 1997, 2001, and 2007 (n = 2,104, 2,095, and 2,056, respectively). Mean-level changes demonstrated qualitatively distinct developmental patterns for character (self-directedness, cooperativeness, and self-transcendence) and temperament (novelty seeking, harm avoidance, reward dependence, and persistence). Character developed toward greater maturity, although self-transcendence decreased with age. However, self-transcendence was the strongest predictor of overall personality change. Cohort effects indicated lower level of self-transcendence and higher level of self-directedness and cooperativeness in younger birth cohorts. Regarding temperament, novelty seeking decreased and persistence increased slightly with age. Both high novelty seeking and high persistence predicted overall personality change. These findings suggest that temperament and character traits follow different kinds of developmental trajectories.
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29
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Joseph RP, Royse KE, Benitez TJ, Pekmezi DW. Physical activity and quality of life among university students: exploring self-efficacy, self-esteem, and affect as potential mediators. Qual Life Res 2014; 23:659-67. [PMID: 23928820 PMCID: PMC4049193 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-013-0492-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Physical activity (PA) has been shown to enhance quality of life (QOL) in older adults. Findings from these studies indicate that the relationship between PA and QOL is indirect and likely mediated by variables such as physical self-esteem, exercise self-efficacy, and affect. As PA varies greatly by age, the purpose of the current study is to extend this area of research to young adults and explore the complex relationship between PA and QOL in this target population. METHODS Data were collected via anonymous questionnaire from N = 590 undergraduate students. PA was assessed with the Godin Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire, and QOL was assessed by the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Path analysis was used to test the relationship between PA and QOL, with mediators of exercise self-efficacy, physical self-esteem, and affect. RESULTS The PA model (RMSEA = .03, CFI = .99) accounted for 25 % of the variance in QOL. PA had positive direct effects on exercise self-efficacy (β = .28, P < .001), physical self-esteem (β = .10, P < .001), positive affect (β = .10, P < .05), and negative affect (β = .08, P < .05). Physical self-esteem was found to be the most powerful mediating variable on QOL (β = .30, P < .001), followed by positive affect (β = .27, P < .001) and negative affect (β = .14, P < .001). CONCLUSION Physical self-esteem and, to a lesser extent, positive affect emerged as integral components in the link between PA and QOL. Findings suggest that health education programs designed to promote regular PA and increase physical self-esteem may be effective in improving QOL in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney P Joseph
- University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health, Birmingham, AL, USA,
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30
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Ryff CD. Psychological well-being revisited: advances in the science and practice of eudaimonia. PSYCHOTHERAPY AND PSYCHOSOMATICS 2014; 83:10-28. [PMID: 24281296 PMCID: PMC4241300 DOI: 10.1159/000353263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 833] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews research and interventions that have grown up around a model of psychological well-being generated more than two decades ago to address neglected aspects of positive functioning such as purposeful engagement in life, realization of personal talents and capacities, and enlightened self-knowledge. The conceptual origins of this formulation are revisited and scientific products emerging from 6 thematic areas are examined: (1) how well-being changes across adult development and later life; (2) what are the personality correlates of well-being; (3) how well-being is linked with experiences in family life; (4) how well-being relates to work and other community activities; (5) what are the connections between well-being and health, including biological risk factors, and (6) via clinical and intervention studies, how psychological well-being can be promoted for ever-greater segments of society. Together, these topics illustrate flourishing interest across diverse scientific disciplines in understanding adults as striving, meaning-making, proactive organisms who are actively negotiating the challenges of life. A take-home message is that increasing evidence supports the health protective features of psychological well-being in reducing risk for disease and promoting length of life. A recurrent and increasingly important theme is resilience - the capacity to maintain or regain well-being in the face of adversity. Implications for future research and practice are considered.
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31
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von Humboldt S, Leal I, Pimenta F. Analyzing Adjustment to Aging and Subjective Age from Angolan and Portuguese Community-dwelling Older Adults' Perspectives. INT J GERONTOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijge.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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32
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The Journey of Personal Growth: A Qualitative Exploration of Personal Growth Processes in Young Adulthood. PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDIES 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12646-013-0222-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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33
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von Humboldt S, Leal I, Pimenta F. Does spirituality really matter?: A study on the potential of spirituality for older adult's adjustment to aging. JAPANESE PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/jpr.12033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabel Leal
- Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada - Instituto Universitário
| | - Filipa Pimenta
- Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada - Instituto Universitário
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34
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GOLD JOSHUAM. Spirituality and Self-Actualization: Considerations for 21st-Century Counselors. THE JOURNAL OF HUMANISTIC COUNSELING 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2161-1939.2013.00044.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- Monisha Pasupathi
- Department of Psychology , University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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36
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Machado WDL, Bandeira DR. Bem-estar psicológico: definição, avaliação e principais correlatos. ESTUDOS DE PSICOLOGIA (CAMPINAS) 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0103-166x2012000400013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
O bem-estar psicológico é um construto baseado na teoria psicológica a respeito do funcionamento positivo ou ótimo. Os pontos de convergência entre definições provenientes de teorias do desenvolvimento humano, psicologia humanista-existencial e saúde mental constituem suas dimensões: autoaceitação, relações positivas com outros, autonomia, domínio sobre o ambiente, propósito na vida e crescimento pessoal. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar o conceito de bem-estar psicológico a partir de uma revisão seletiva da literatura. São examinados as origens e o desenvolvimento do conceito, bem como as abordagens na sua avaliação. Correlatos psicossociais, sociodemográficos e neurobiológicos do bem-estar psicológico são brevemente descritos e discutidos. O bem-estar psicológico está associado a processos positivos relacionados à saúde. Aponta-se a necessidade de estudos sobre o construto no Brasil.
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37
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Von Humboldt S, Leal I, Pimenta F, Niculescu G. Adjustment to Aging, Subjective Age and Age Representation: Assessing a Nationally-Diverse Population of Older Adults. PSYCHOLOGY, COMMUNITY & HEALTH 2012. [DOI: 10.5964/pch.v1i3.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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38
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Neuroticism, extraversion, goals, and subjective well-being: Exploring the relations in young, middle-aged, and older adults. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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39
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Brown LD, Feinberg ME, Kan ML. Predicting engagement in a transition to parenthood program for couples. EVALUATION AND PROGRAM PLANNING 2012; 35:1-8. [PMID: 21841851 PMCID: PMC3153129 DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2011.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Fostering participant engagement is a challenging but essential component of effective prevention programs. To better understand which factors influence engagement, this study examines several predictors of couple engagement in Family Foundations (FF), a preventive intervention for first-time parents shown to enhance parent mental health, couple relations, parenting quality, and child adjustment through age 3 years. FF consists of a series of classes delivered through childbirth education departments at local hospitals. Baseline data on socio-demographics, parent mental health, and couple relationship quality were examined as predictors of participants' level of engagement in FF (n = 89 couples, 178 individuals). Sociodemographic variables such as parent gender, socioeconomic status, and age predicted program engagement to a limited extent. However, findings indicated that marital status was the best predictor of engagement. Discussion focuses on how findings can inform the development of practices that promote engagement, such as the use of targeted outreach efforts for individuals most at risk of disengagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis D Brown
- Division of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, El Paso Regional Campus, El Paso,TX 79902, USA.
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40
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Lambie GW, Hagedorn WB, Ieva KP. Social-Cognitive Development, Ethical and Legal Knowledge, and Ethical Decision Making of Counselor Education Students. COUNSELOR EDUCATION AND SUPERVISION 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/j.1556-6978.2010.tb00100.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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41
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Lambie GW, Smith HL, Ieva KP. Graduate Counseling Students' Levels of Ego Development, Wellness, and Psychological Disturbance: An Exploratory Investigation. ADULTSPAN JOURNAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2161-0029.2009.tb00064.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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42
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Karasawa M, Curhan KB, Markus HR, Kitayama SS, Love GD, Radler BT, Ryff CD. Cultural perspectives on aging and well-being: a comparison of Japan and the United States. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2011; 73:73-98. [PMID: 21922800 PMCID: PMC3183740 DOI: 10.2190/ag.73.1.d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated age differences in multiple aspects of psychological well-being among midlife and older adults in Japan (N = 482) and the United States (N = 3,032) to test the hypothesis that older Japanese adults would rate aspects of their well-being (personal growth, purpose in life, positive relations with others) more highly that older U.S. adults. Partial support was found: older adults in Japan showed higher scores on personal growth compared to midlife adults, whereas the opposite age pattern was found in the United States. However, purpose in life showed lower scores for older adults in both cultural contexts. Interpersonal well-being, as hypothesized, was rated significantly higher, relative to the overall well-being, among Japanese compared to U.S. respondents, but only among younger adults. Women in both cultures showed higher interpersonal well-being, but also greater negative affect compared with men. Suggestions for future inquiries to advance understanding of aging and well-being in distinct cultural contexts are detailed.
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43
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Bauer JJ, Schwab JR, McAdams DP. Self-actualizing: Where ego development finally feels good? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/08873267.2011.564978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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44
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Pasupathi M, Hoyt T. Silence and the shaping of memory: how distracted listeners affect speakers' subsequent recall of a computer game experience. Memory 2010; 18:159-69. [PMID: 20391180 DOI: 10.1080/09658210902992917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study focused on how distracted listening affects subsequent memory for narrated events. Undergraduate students experienced a computer game in the lab and talked about it with either a responsive or distracted friend. One month later, those who initially spoke with distracted listeners showed lower retention of information about the computer game, and their subsequent memories were also less consistent with their initial conversational recall. Differences in subsequent memory across initial listener condition appeared likely to be mediated by differences in the initial conversations elicited by responsive and unresponsive listeners. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for the social shaping of memory and identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monisha Pasupathi
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84105, USA.
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45
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Ego Development, Ethical Decision-Making, and Legal and Ethical Knowledge in School Counselors. JOURNAL OF ADULT DEVELOPMENT 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10804-010-9105-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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46
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Rewarding and unrewarding aspects of deployment to Iraq and its association with psychological health in UK military personnel. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2010; 83:653-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s00420-009-0504-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2009] [Accepted: 12/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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47
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Autonomy, Identity, and Narrative Construction with Parents and Friends. NARRATIVE DEVELOPMENT IN ADOLESCENCE 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-89825-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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48
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McAdams DP. The Problem of Meaning in Personality Psychology from the Standpoints of Dispositional Traits, Characteristic Adaptations, and Life Stories. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.2132/personality.18.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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49
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50
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Lodi-Smith J, Geise AC, Roberts BW, Robins RW. Narrating personality change. J Pers Soc Psychol 2009; 96:679-89. [PMID: 19254112 DOI: 10.1037/a0014611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The present research investigated the longitudinal relations between personality traits and narratives. Specifically, the authors examined how individual differences in 170 college students' narratives of personality change (a) were predicted by personality traits at the beginning of college, (b) related to actual changes and perceived changes in personality traits during college, and (c) related to changes in emotional health during college. Individual differences in narratives of personality trait change told in the 4th year of college fell into 2 dimensions: affective processing, characterized by positive emotions, and exploratory processing, characterized by meaning making and causal processing. Conscientious, open, and extraverted freshmen told exploratory stories of change as seniors. Emotionally healthy freshmen told stories of change that were high in positive affect. Both positive affective and exploratory stories corresponded to change in emotional stability and conscientiousness during college above and beyond the effects of perceived changes in these traits. In addition, both positive affective and exploratory narratives corresponded to increases in emotional health during college independent of the effects of changes in personality traits. These findings improve our understanding of how individuals conceptualize their changing identity over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Lodi-Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.
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