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Wang Y, Wildschut T, Sedikides C, Wu M, Cai H. Trajectory of Nostalgia in Emerging Adulthood. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2024; 50:629-644. [PMID: 36601905 DOI: 10.1177/01461672221143241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We examined the change and stability of nostalgia in emerging adulthood. We followed 327 students through their 4 university years with six assessments. Nostalgia demonstrated moderate rank stability (r = .25-.79). A Trait-State-Occasion model analysis indicated that the stable trait component, slowing-change trait component, and state component explained 37% to 43%, 10% to 27%, and 29% to 49% of variation in nostalgia on specific occasions, respectively. Longitudinal multilevel analysis revealed that the mean nostalgia level declined across university years. Greater intensity of negative life events at the start of university was associated with higher initial nostalgia and slower decline of it, while the emotion intensified when experiencing more negative life events. Nostalgia in emerging adulthood displays moderate stability, with negative life events contributing to the shape of its trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Wang
- Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
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2
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Gao W, Ji J, Zhang W, Liu X. Depression and approach-avoidance achievement goals of Chinese undergraduate students: A four-wave longitudinal study. BRITISH JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 94:151-164. [PMID: 37783569 DOI: 10.1111/bjep.12638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study explored the prospective relations between depression and approach-avoidance achievement goals of undergraduate students in China. METHODS 2473 full-time undergraduates reported their depression and achievement goals annually from the freshman to the senior year. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and cross-lagged models. RESULTS Students' achievement goals decreased gradually during the first 3 years but rose in the fourth year, and the avoidance goals appeared to be less prevalent than the approach goals over time. Depression was negatively associated with approach goals, whereas positively correlated with avoidance goals. Depression in the freshman and sophomore years resulted in more avoidance goals 1 year later, and the depressive problems in the junior year predicted the decline of approach goals in the senior year. CONCLUSIONS The present study highlighted the deleterious effects of depression on the achievement goals of college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Gao
- Institute of Higher Education, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- School of Public Administration, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Research Centre for Beijing Higher Education Development, Beijing, China
| | - Junlin Ji
- Institute of Higher Education, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- School of Public Administration, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Research Centre for Beijing Higher Education Development, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Graduate School of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinqiao Liu
- School of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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3
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Wright AJ, Litwin AW, Jackson JJ. Compensatory couple effects: How a spouse’s life goals impact one’s own career and health outcomes. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2023.104350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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4
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Fenesy MC, Lee SS. Profiles of executive functioning and neuroticism in emerging adulthood: Concurrent associations with psychopathology and health-related quality of life. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022:1-13. [PMID: 36279263 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2132827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Objective: We employed latent profile analysis (LPA) to discern configurations of executive functioning (EF) and neuroticism (NE) and tested their concurrent validity with respect to internalizing and externalizing problems and physical health. Participants: A total of 125 college students completed the study. Methods: Participants self-reported NE and EF on separate normed rating scales and completed computerized tests of EF. Self-reported internalizing problems, externalizing problems, and global physical health were collected. Results: LPA revealed four profiles: (1) Lower EF + Higher NE, (2) Higher EF + Lower NE, (3) Inconsistent EF + Higher NE, and (4) Inconsistent EF + Lower NE. Adjusting for covariates, profiles were differentially associated with internalizing problems, externalizing problems, and physical health. Conclusions: Screening EF and NE in college students may identify those at risk for psychopathology and physical health concerns. Tailored prevention and intervention efforts on college campuses targeting EF and NE may enhance well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C Fenesy
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Transforming Mental Health Initiative, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Steve S Lee
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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5
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Changes in Life Goals Over College: A Comparison Between Men and Women Majoring in STEM. SEX ROLES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-022-01300-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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6
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Hatano K, Hihara S, Sugimura K, Crocetti E. Direction of associations between personality traits and educational identity processes: Between- and within-person associations. J Adolesc 2022; 94:763-775. [PMID: 35694957 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In adolescence, personality traits and educational identity processes are interwoven. Previous studies have shown that personality traits predict healthy identity commitment and exploration in education. However, the direction of associations between personality traits and an identity process that searches for another identity option (i.e., reconsideration of commitment) is unclear. Furthermore, there is a lack of prospective studies regarding the direction of the association between personality traits and the educational identity process using within-person methods. Therefore, this study examined the direction of these associations. METHODS Participants of this four-wave longitudinal study comprised 618 Japanese 13-year-old adolescents (53.3% girls). This study involved a 1-year-interval assessment. RESULTS Cross-lagged panel models (CLPM) indicated that four personality traits (neuroticism, agreeableness, and conscientiousness) predicted three educational identity processes, while reconsideration of commitment predicted two personality traits (i.e., neuroticism and conscientiousness). Random intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPM) indicated that agreeableness predicted healthy commitment, while commitment predicted agreeableness at within-person level. CONCLUSION The findings from CLPM suggest that reconsideration of commitment is a significant factor to predict healthy (i.e., conscientiousness) and unhealthy (i.e., neuroticism) personality traits in individual differences. Furthermore, the findings from RI-CLPM suggest that agreeableness may be a key trait in promoting healthy educational identity commitment. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hatano
- Graduate School of Sustainable System Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shogo Hihara
- Faculty of Business Administration, Matsuyama University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Kazumi Sugimura
- Department of Psychology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Elisabetta Crocetti
- Department of Psychology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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7
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Meyerhof H, Jones CM, Schüz B. Intra-individual trajectories of subjectively prioritizing health over other life domains. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2022; 14:1448-1463. [PMID: 35578834 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Subjectively prioritizing health over other life domains is an indicator of health motivation and is associated with higher levels of health behaviors and more effective health behavior self-regulation. However, little is known about when individuals prioritize health over other life domains and which factors predict prioritizing health. Here, we examine 3644 older adults in Germany (mean age 60.79) over a period of 6-9 years from DEAS, a population-representative survey. Latent growth curves were estimated to examine individual change in prioritizing health. Socio-structural (gender, educational attainment) and indicators of health status (baseline status and change in [a] number of illnesses, [b] functional health, and [c] self-rated health) were tested as predictors of changes in health prioritization. Participants prioritized health over other life domains, and this increased over time. Women and those with worse health status (lower functional and lower self-rated health) prioritized health more than men and those with better health status, respectively. Lower educational attainment was associated with higher increases in prioritizing health, and interactions between educational status and health indicators show that increases are larger in those with worse health and lower educational attainment. This indicates individual differences in the degree and the changes of prioritizing health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Meyerhof
- Institute of Public Health and Nursing Research, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Christopher M Jones
- Institute of Public Health and Nursing Research, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Schüz
- Institute of Public Health and Nursing Research, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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8
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Masters S, Barth JM. Middle School, Middle-Skills: 8th Grader’s Interest in Middle-Skill Occupations. JOURNAL OF CAREER DEVELOPMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/08948453221089364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
There is a workforce shortage in middle-skill occupations requiring some educational training but not a 4-year college degree, such as skilled trades (e.g., construction), transportation (e.g., drivers), and manufacturing. Identifying factors that promote adolescent interest in middle-skill occupations is crucial in combating this shortage. This study examined whether variables contributing to adolescent interest in STEM occupations, such as gender, occupation goal affordances, and occupational knowledge, extend to middle-skill occupations. Results from hierarchical linear models revealed that adolescents ( N = 502) were interested in middle-skill occupations for which they felt knowledgeable and perceived to afford agentic and communal goals. The effect of perceived knowledge on interest in construction and manufacturing occupations was stronger for boys than girls. Efforts to increase interest in middle-skill occupations should address the gender gap in perceived knowledge and highlight how these occupations fulfill agentic and communal goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Masters
- Institute for Social Science Research, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Joan M. Barth
- Institute for Social Science Research, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
- Institute for Social Science Research, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
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9
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Voulgaridou I, Kokkinos CM, Markos A. Is relational aggression a means of pursuing social goals among adolescents with specific personality traits? PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pits.22705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Voulgaridou
- Department of Primary Education, School of Education Sciences Democritus University of Thrace Alexandroupolis Greece
| | - Constantinos M. Kokkinos
- Department of Primary Education, School of Education Sciences Democritus University of Thrace Alexandroupolis Greece
| | - Angelos Markos
- Department of Primary Education, School of Education Sciences Democritus University of Thrace Alexandroupolis Greece
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10
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Smriti D, Ambulkar S, Meng Q, Kaimal G, Ramotar K, Park SY, Huh-Yoo J. Creative arts therapies for the mental health of emerging adults: A systematic review. ARTS IN PSYCHOTHERAPY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aip.2021.101861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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11
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Di Sarno M, Costantini G, Richetin J, Preti E, Perugini M. Why are you (un)conscientious? The dynamic interplay of goals, states, and traits in everyday life. J Pers 2022. [PMID: 35037250 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Personality involves both trait and state components, personal goals serving a crucial regulatory function for the expression of personality states. The present study investigates the dynamic interplay between conscientiousness-related goals, conscientious personality states, and trait conscientiousness. A sample of 244 community participants responded to a baseline survey (T1), a 5-times-a-day Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) for 15 days, and a post-EMA survey (T2). Pre-registered multilevel analyses indicated significant contemporaneous positive and negative associations between momentary conscientious and unconscientious goals and state conscientiousness, respectively. Cross-lagged associations also emerged, with goals predicting future states of conscientiousness. A latent growth model was fitted on a subsample of participants (N = 159). Results indicated that change in trait conscientiousness from T1 to T2 was explained by growth in conscientiousness-related goals during the EMA phase, with a mediating effect of growth in state conscientiousness. Overall, the results corroborate the importance of goals for modeling contemporaneous and cross-lagged personality dynamics, both in short and longer timeframes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Di Sarno
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy.,Personality Disorders Lab (PDlab), Milano-Parma, Italy
| | - Giulio Costantini
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy.,Bicocca Center for Applied Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
| | - Juliette Richetin
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy.,Bicocca Center for Applied Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
| | - Emanuele Preti
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy.,Personality Disorders Lab (PDlab), Milano-Parma, Italy.,Bicocca Center for Applied Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
| | - Marco Perugini
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy.,Bicocca Center for Applied Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
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Weststrate NM, Jayawickreme E, Wrzus C. Advancing a Three-Tier Personality Framework for Posttraumatic Growth. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/08902070211062327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adversity has been assumed to foster positive personality change under certain conditions. In this article, we examine this assumption within the context of the three-tier personality framework integrating traits, characteristic adaptations, and narrative identity to provide a comprehensive understanding of personality growth. We first review findings on how adverse events affect personality on each of these three levels. Second, we summarize knowledge on event-based and person-based predictors of personality change in the face of adversity. Third, we specify affective, behavioral, and cognitive processes that explain personality change across levels of personality. Innovatively, our proposed process model addresses change at all three levels of personality, as well as similarities and differences in processes across the levels. We conclude by discussing unresolved issues, asking critical questions, and posing challenging hypotheses for testing this framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nic M. Weststrate
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eranda Jayawickreme
- Department of Psychology & Program for Leadership and Character, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Cornelia Wrzus
- Department of Psychology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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13
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Information Reliability Assessment and Filtering for Decision Making. Case Study of Lithuanian and China Students’ Life Goals Survey Data. Symmetry (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sym13122452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This article presents the methodology and tools to evaluate the reliability of quantitative sociological research data. The problem of filtering unreliable data is usually solved by statistical methods. This article proposes an improved method for filtering unreliable data. In this case, the statistical methods are not applied to the initial data but the value of the distance function between the two preferences. This allows for the disclosure of conflicting or erroneous data. Calculation of the distance between two preferences and prioritisation of life goals are based on binary relation theory, where the properties of symmetry (antisymmetry) are very important. The article presents a case study on 11 life goals evaluation and ranking by Lithuanian and China students. The study revealed that the China student data filtered at least twice as much as the Lithuanian student data, i.e., they are less reliable. The filtered data show that students of both countries ranked the most and the least important life goals in a very similar way with minimum deviations detected in the ranking results.
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14
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Blagov PS, Singer JA, Oost KM, Goodman JA. Self-defining memories-Narrative features in relation to adaptive and maladaptive personality traits (replication and extension of Blagov & Singer, 2004). J Pers 2021; 90:457-475. [PMID: 34601722 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Self-defining memories (SDMs) are units of life-story analysis, whose features resemble elements from narrative identity's factorial structure. To bridge narrative-identity and personality-trait domains, we conducted a replication and extension of prior research. METHOD We linked four SDM features - affect, specificity, meaning making, and content - to the Big Three trait domains of personality and psychopathology in a small sample that was well-powered for multilevel modeling (133 participants, 1330 SDMs). RESULTS Affect SDM affect correlated with indices of Positive Emotionality and Negative Emotionality, and narrative themes of contamination were associated with Negative Emotionality. Specificity SDM specificity vs. overgenerality related to Constraint and Negative Emotionality indices, lending support to the executive dysfunction and emotional disorder theories of overgeneral autobiographical memory. (Tests of the avoidance thesis of overgeneral memory were inconclusive.) Meaning making Explicit meaning making in SDMs reflected adaptive personality. It moderated (or buffered) the link between SDMs' affect and chronic emotional distress. Content The links between SDM content and traits suggest that SDMs reflect personal goals, whose fulfillment or frustration relate to psychological health. CONCLUSIONS This research serves replication purposes as well as the purpose of connecting two major domains of personality: narrative identity and adaptive and maladaptive traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel S Blagov
- Psychology Department, Whitman College, Walla Walla, Washington, USA
| | - Jefferson A Singer
- Psychology Department, Connecticut College, New London, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kathryn M Oost
- Psychology Department, Whitman College, Walla Walla, Washington, USA
| | - Joshua A Goodman
- Department of Psychology, Rhodes College, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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Buchinger L, Richter D, Heckhausen J. The development of life goals over the adult lifespan. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 77:905-915. [PMID: 34417801 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbab154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Life goals are important organizing units for individual agency in development. On a societal level, they align with age-normative developmental tasks; on the individual level, they guide people's attempts at shaping their own development. This study investigates the development of life goals across the adult lifespan with a focus on differences regarding gender, parental status, education, and region. METHOD Using longitudinal data from the German Socio-Economic Panel study (SOEP, N=52,052; age range: 18-84 years), we estimated the developmental trajectories of importance ratings for nine life goals across the adult lifespan using multiple-group latent growth curve modelling. RESULTS Having a happy relationship or marriage, having children, and being there for others are the life goals rated as most important across almost the entire adult lifespan. Having a happy relationship or marriage differed strongly by gender. Up to middle adulthood it was more important for women but more important for men in late adulthood. Parental status amplified gender differences in the work and family domain. Low education was associated with a higher perceived importance of being there for others. The largest regional differences (East vs. West) were found for home ownership. DISCUSSION Although the importance of some life goal trajectories reflects typical age-grading in developmental tasks, other life goals (e.g., having children) remain important even after goal attainment or after developmental deadlines have passed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Buchinger
- German Institute for Economic Research (DIW Berlin).,International Max Planck Research School on the Life Course (LIFE), Germany.,Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - David Richter
- German Institute for Economic Research (DIW Berlin).,Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
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Effects of Goal Appraisals and Goal Motivation on Dimensions of Identity Development: A Longitudinal Mixed Methods Analysis of European American Emerging Adults. JOURNAL OF ADULT DEVELOPMENT 2021; 29:89-107. [PMID: 34335001 PMCID: PMC8299736 DOI: 10.1007/s10804-021-09386-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the ways in which the ideographic goal descriptions and goal appraisals of European American high school seniors reflect potentials for intentional self-development during emerging adulthood (EA), a lifespan phase characterized by increasing levels of freedom and decreasing age-graded, socially sanctioned developmental norms.
Additionally, we investigated whether variation in participants’ goal appraisals and the motivational qualities emergent in their goal descriptions would predict variation in dimensions of identity development, both concurrently at age 18 and prospectively at age 23. Results of an exploratory, mixed method analysis of participants’ (N = 129, 56.6% male, Mage = 18.24, SD = 0.37) goal data revealed diversity in education and work goals, strong potentials for intentional self-development reflected across goal appraisals, and more nuanced reflections of intentional self-development across the motivational qualities emergent in goal descriptions. Results partially supported the hypothesis that goal appraisals and motivational qualities that reflect potentials for intentional self-development would predict kindred processes of identity development across the first five years of EA. These findings contribute to a nascent empirical literature focused on the interrelationship of goal and identity constructs during EA and suggest new avenues for future research.
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Liu J, Lee A, Li X, Li CR. The Role of Change in the Relationships Between Leader-Member Exchange/Coworker Exchange and Newcomer Performance: A Latent Growth Modeling Approach. Front Psychol 2021; 12:600712. [PMID: 34054635 PMCID: PMC8155730 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.600712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines whether and how the qualities of newcomers’ interpersonal relationships [i.e., leader-member exchange (LMX) and coworker exchange (CWX)] relate to their initial performance and how changes in the qualities of these relationships relate to the changes in performance. To test a latent growth model, we collected data from 230 newcomers at six time points over a 6-week period. The results showed that LMX quality is positively related to initial newcomer performance; however, changes in LMX quality are not statistically significantly related to changes in newcomer performance. In contrast, an increase in CWX quality is positively related to newcomer performance improvement, but the initial quality of CWX does not predict newcomer performance. Furthermore, newcomers’ psychological entitlement moderates the relationship between LMX quality and newcomer performance; newcomers’ conscientiousness moderates the relationship between increases in CWX quality and improvements in newcomer performance. The findings increase our understanding of the newcomer exchange relationship-performance link over time and suggest that future newcomer socialization research explore the initial level of and the changes in these relationships simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- School of Management, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Allan Lee
- Exeter Business School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Xueling Li
- School of Management, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ci-Rong Li
- School of Management, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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18
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Wehner C, Scheppingen MAV, Bleidorn W. Stability and change in major life goals during the transition to parenthood. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/0890207021996894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The transition to parenthood introduces changes in various life domains. In this paper, we examined whether and to what degree the transition to parenthood is related to changes in the importance of major life goals. To do this, we examined the rank-order stability, ipsative stability, and mean-level change in six life goal domains ( achievement, power, variation, affiliation, altruism, and intimacy) in a sample of 248 parents and 294 individuals in a romantic relationship without children across two time points. Overall, we found high rank-order (variable-oriented) and ipsative (person-oriented) stability, and little evidence for mean-level changes in the importance of life goals across the transition to parenthood. However, we found several selection effects suggesting that women without children tended to endorse agentic life goals ( variation and achievement) more than mothers did. Generally, our findings underline the overall stability of life goals and their role as guiding principles in life.
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Zimmermann J, Greischel H, Jonkmann K, Neyer FJ. Growth all along the road? Personality development and international contacts of (in)experienced sojourners. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/0890207020988439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
International student mobility (ISM) is an important educational means to promote the international (job market) potential of university students. Beyond that, it constitutes a context of personality development in young adulthood. With the present research, we tried to integrate the perspectives of applied and personality research in addressing the following questions. First, we scrutinized the robustness of ISM effects on personality development as we controlled for effects of sociodemographic characteristics and implemented a waiting group design ( N = 3070). Second, we explored ISM anticipation effects as well as the moderation of ISM effects by previous international mobility experiences. Finally, in view of the public discourse on the benefits of “Erasmus crowds”, we assessed the roles of international and host relationships with regard to the personality development of sojourners. The results largely corroborated the robustness of ISM effects on personality development. No ISM anticipation effects occurred, and effects of current ISM engagement were largely unaffected by previous international mobility experiences. Finally, international contact experiences were associated with personality development above and beyond effects of host country contacts. Implications for the understanding of personality development and potential inferences for the organization and improvement of ISM programs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Franz J. Neyer
- Department of Psychology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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20
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Bleidorn W. Linking personality states, current social roles and major life goals. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/per.731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Employing an experience‐sampling design, the interplay between personality states, social roles and major life goals was examined as it unfolds in the stream of people's daily lives. Multilevel analyses revealed a considerable amount of both within‐ and between‐person variability in state expressions of personality traits justifying further examination of predictors at both levels of analyses. Roles proved as predictors of current personality states albeit effects differed significantly between individuals. Life goals accounted for between‐person differences in average personality states but were not effective in predicting differences in relations between personality states and roles. Altogether, findings testify to the viability of the employed research strategy to analyse the interplay between both dispositional and fluctuating influences on individuals' trait expressions in behaviour. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Goodwin R, Polek E, Bardi A. The Temporal Reciprocity of Values and Beliefs: A Longitudinal Study within a Major Life Transition. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/per.844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Values and beliefs (or social axioms) are important personality constructs, but little previous work has examined the relationship between the two, and none has examined their real–life longitudinal effects on one another. Major life transitions—such as moving to a new culture—can challenge existing values and beliefs and therefore provide a particularly useful context for the analysis of value and belief change. The main aim of this research was to examine whether values may predict theoretically meaningful belief change and vice versa. Polish migrants participated in the study shortly after their arrival in the UK and at two, subsequent, nine–month intervals ( N = 172). Cross–lagged effects suggested reciprocal effects of values and beliefs, depending on the value involved. Findings are discussed in light of current debates over personality change, as well as the broader impact of significant life transitions on personality. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ela Polek
- University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anat Bardi
- Psychology, Royal Holloway University of London, London, UK
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22
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Luyckx K, Soenens B, Goossens L. The personality‐identity interplay in emerging adult women: convergent findings from complementary analyses. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/per.579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined whether identity development occurs in tandem with personality development in emerging adulthood. Three‐wave longitudinal data on a sample of 351 female college students were used to answer questions about stability and change, direction of effects, and interrelated developmental trajectories. Four identity dimensions (i.e. commitment making, exploration in breadth, identification with commitment, and exploration in depth) and the Big Five were assessed. Identity and personality were found to be meaningfully related at the level of both the time‐specific adjacent measures and the underlying developmental trajectories with various degrees of convergence. Cross‐lagged analyses substantiated reciprocal influences and Latent Growth Curve Modelling substantiated common developmental pathways that partially mirrored the concurrent relations. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Luyckx
- Department of Psychology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Soenens
- Department of Psychology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc Goossens
- Department of Psychology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
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Larissa Bühler J, Weidmann R, Grob A. The actor, agent, and author across the life span: interrelations between personality traits, life goals, and life narratives in an age-heterogeneous sample. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/per.2275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
According to the integrative framework for studying people, personality manifests and develops along three separate, but related, levels: the actor (e.g. traits), agent (e.g. goals), and author (i.e. narratives). Although these levels are thought to be conceptually interrelated, few studies have empirically examined such interrelations. To address this gap, the present study tested how traits, goals, and narratives are longitudinally related to each other and whether master motives (getting along and getting ahead) serve as helpful tools to structure these interrelations. Applying a developmental approach, we further explored these interrelations against the background of age-related effects. A sample of 141 participants (14–68 years, M = 35.40 years) completed self-reports on traits and goals at the beginning and end of a 2-year study. In between these measurements, participants took part in a life story interview that assessed narratives. We applied multilevel analyses and found that traits, goals, and narratives were meaningfully related to each other. Interactions with age occurred in less than 20% of the cases, emerged among the majority of variables (except for agreeableness and openness), were most pronounced for narratives and were mainly found among young and middle-aged participants. The findings are discussed in view of master motives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Larissa Bühler
- Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Alexander Grob
- Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Switzerland
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Atherton OE, Grijalva E, Roberts BW, Robins RW. Stability and Change in Personality Traits and Major Life Goals From College to Midlife. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2020; 47:841-858. [PMID: 32842904 DOI: 10.1177/0146167220949362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The association between personality traits and motivational units, such as life goals, has been a long-standing interest of personality scientists. However, little research has investigated the longitudinal associations between traits and life goals beyond young adulthood. In the present study (N = 251), we examined the rank-order stability of, and mean-level changes in, the Big Five and major life goals (Aesthetic, Economic, Family/Relationship, Hedonistic, Political, Religious, Social) from college (age 18) to midlife (age 40), as well as their co-development. Findings showed that personality traits and major life goals were both moderately-to-highly stable over 20 years. On average, there were mean-level increases in the Big Five and mean-level decreases in life goals over time. Patterns of co-development suggest people formulate goals consistent with their personality traits, and conversely, investing in goal-relevant contexts is associated with trait change. We discuss the results in light of Social Investment Theory and the developmental regulation literature.
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25
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Kokkinos CM, Kountouraki M, Voulgaridou I, Markos A. Understanding the association between Big Five and relational aggression: The mediating role of social goals and friendship jealousy. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.109946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Williams KE, Ciarrochi J. Perceived Parenting Styles and Values Development: A Longitudinal Study of Adolescents and Emerging Adults. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2020; 30:541-558. [PMID: 31868969 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study explored parenting styles and values internalization. Perceived parenting styles were measured in Grade 7 (n = 749) and Grade 12 (n = 468), and values were measured in Grade 12 (n = 271) and one year postschool (n = 291). We measured three aspects of valuing: priority (extrinsic, intrinsic importance); regulation (controlled, autonomous); and successful enactment of values (success). Mothers' authoritative parenting in Grade 7 predicted increased importance and autonomous regulation of values one year postschool. Fathers' authoritative parenting in Grade 7 predicted decreased importance of extrinsic values. Fathers' permissive parenting in Grade 7 predicted decreased importance of intrinsic values. Authoritarian parenting in Grade 12 predicted more controlled values regulation postschool, particularly for extrinsic values. Parenting in early and late adolescence predicts values internalization in emerging adulthood.
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27
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Stoll G, Einarsdóttir S, Song QC, Ondish P, Sun JJ, Rounds J. The Roles of Personality Traits and Vocational Interests in Explaining What People Want Out of Life. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2020.103939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Laakasuo M, Rotkirch A, van Duijn M, Berg V, Jokela M, David-Barrett T, Miettinen A, Pearce E, Dunbar R. Homophily in Personality Enhances Group Success Among Real-Life Friends. Front Psychol 2020; 11:710. [PMID: 32431638 PMCID: PMC7212830 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Personality affects dyadic relations and teamwork, yet its role among groups of friends has been little explored. We examine for the first time whether similarity in personality enhances the effectiveness of real-life friendship groups. Using data from a longitudinal study of a European fraternity (10 male and 15 female groups), we investigate how individual Big Five personality traits were associated with group formation and whether personality homophily related to how successful the groups were over 1 year (N = 147-196). Group success was measured as group performance/identification (adoption of group markers) and as group bonding (using the inclusion-of-other-in-self scale). Results show that individuals' similarity in neuroticism and conscientiousness predicted group formation. Furthermore, personality similarity was associated with group success, even after controlling for individual's own personality. Especially higher group-level similarity in conscientiousness was associated with group performance, and with bonding in male groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Laakasuo
- Department of Digital Humanities, Cognitive Science Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Rotkirch
- Population Research Institute, Väestöliitto, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Max van Duijn
- Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science (LIACS), Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Venla Berg
- Population Research Institute, Väestöliitto, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Criminology and Legal Policy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus Jokela
- Department of Digital Humanities, Cognitive Science Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tamas David-Barrett
- Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
- Trinity College, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Väestöliitto Population Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Eiluned Pearce
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robin Dunbar
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Becker S, Pfost M, Schiefer IM, Artelt C. Relations between life-goal regulation, goal orientation, and education-related parenting - A person-centered perspective. LEARNING AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lindif.2019.101786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Shin J, Lee YK, Park S, Seo E. Young individuals’ consideration of goal-self alignment and its relations to goal commitment and social concern: age differences and similarities. SELF AND IDENTITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2018.1510850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jongho Shin
- Center for Learning Science and Creative Talent Development, Department of Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - You-kyung Lee
- Department of Counseling, Educational Psychology, and Special Education, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Soowon Park
- Department of Education, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjin Seo
- School of Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
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Bojanić Ž, Nedeljković J, Šakan D, Mitić PM, Milovanović I, Drid P. Personality Traits and Self-Esteem in Combat and Team Sports. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2280. [PMID: 31649595 PMCID: PMC6794460 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to examine whether psychological variables which make up basic dimensions of personality and self-esteem distinguish competitors in combat sports from competitors in team sports. The research included 149 respondents, aged 19 to 27 years. The Self-Esteem Scale questionnaire was used to measure self-esteem. The BFI inventory was used to measure personality traits according to the Big Five model: Extraversion, Neuroticism, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, and Openness to Experience. The basic research question is – does the set of psychological variables which make up basic dimensions of personality and self-esteem statistically significantly distinguish competitors in combat sports from the competitors in team sports? Both mean differences and simple discriminant function analyses for competitors in combat/team sports revealed that self-esteem, neuroticism, and conscientiousness were the most important factors distinguishing the two groups. Practical implications, limitations, and future research directions were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Željka Bojanić
- Faculty of Law and Business Studies Dr Lazar Vrkatić, University Union Belgrade, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Nedeljković
- Faculty of Law and Business Studies Dr Lazar Vrkatić, University Union Belgrade, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dušana Šakan
- Faculty of Law and Business Studies Dr Lazar Vrkatić, University Union Belgrade, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Petar M Mitić
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Ivana Milovanović
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Patrik Drid
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
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Jordan SL, Ferris GR, Hochwarter WA, Wright TA. Toward a Work Motivation Conceptualization of Grit in Organizations. GROUP & ORGANIZATION MANAGEMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1059601119834093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite its widespread media acclaim and recognition as a strategic imperative, the role of grit in organizational research remains unclear. This ambiguity resulted from inconsistent empirical findings, thus triggering a pessimistic outlook for the construct across disciplines. To address these issues, we suggest that such confusion and lack of construct and predictive validity stem from not only methodological issues but also a lack of theoretical sophistication. In this article, we address methodological issues, focusing mainly on construct and criterion-related validity, by showing how traditional definitional components of grit are absent in existing measures. Next, we address theoretical issues impeding progress by developing a new work motivation conceptualization of the construct. To do so, we focus primarily on noncognitive ability, purpose-driven long-term goal setting, and task strategy (i.e., short-term goal) adaptation. Finally, we develop an organizing framework examining how, and under what conditions, work-related goal setting manifests, highlighting grit’s distinction from other historically related constructs. Coupled with the assumption that individuals hold higher order organizational goals toward which they are passionate, our organizing framework includes feedback mechanisms accounting for grit’s developmental properties over time. Finally, we acknowledge significant areas for future research and potential practical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wayne A. Hochwarter
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA
- Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, NSW, Australia
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34
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Michaeli Y, Kalfon Hakhmigari M, Dickson DJ, Scharf M, Shulman S. The role of change in self-criticism across young adulthood in explaining developmental outcomes and psychological wellbeing. J Pers 2018; 87:785-798. [PMID: 30260502 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Past research has confirmed the role of self-criticism in numerous forms of psychopathology and negative interpersonal outcomes. However, the majority of these studies were cross-sectional and have not addressed the role of possible changes in self-criticism across time for future outcomes. The current study investigated the degree to which changes in self-criticism during young adulthood precede better psychological outcomes beyond the contribution of their baseline levels. METHOD A total of 168 Israeli emerging adults were followed for 12 years. Participants completed assessments of self-criticism at age 23, 24, 26.5, and 29, and of developmental tasks and psychological adaptation at age 35. Analyses assessed the extent to which the intercept and linear slope of self-criticism were associated with assessments of coping with age-related tasks and psychological well-being at age 35. RESULTS Findings indicated that decreases in self-criticism between the ages of 23 and 29 were associated with better coping with age-related task outcomes and psychological health at age 35. CONCLUSIONS These findings are among the first to show that decreases in self-criticism serve as important precursors of coping with age-related tasks and psychological outcomes and point to the positive contributions of changes in personality attributes for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yossi Michaeli
- Department of Psychology, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | | | - Daniel J Dickson
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Miri Scharf
- Department of Counseling and Human Development, Haifa University, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shmuel Shulman
- Department of Psychology, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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35
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Eldesouky L, English T. Individual differences in emotion regulation goals: Does personality predict the reasons why people regulate their emotions? J Pers 2018; 87:750-766. [PMID: 30246480 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated how the Big Five traits predict individual differences in five theoretically important emotion regulation goals that are commonly pursued-pro-hedonic, contra-hedonic, performance, pro-social, and impression management. METHOD We conducted two studies: (a) a large survey study consisting of undergraduates (N = 394; 18-25 years; 69% female; 56% European American) and community adults (N = 302; 19-74 years; 50% female; 75% European American) who completed a newly developed global measure of individual differences in emotion regulation goals and (b) a 9-day daily diary study with community adults (N = 272; 23-85 years; 50% female; 84% European American) who completed daily reports of emotion regulation goals. In both studies, participants completed a measure of the Big Five. RESULTS Across global and daily measures, pro-hedonic goals and pro-social goals were positively associated with Agreeableness, performance goals were positively associated with Openness, and impression management goals were positively associated with Neuroticism. Globally, contra-hedonic goals were also negatively associated with Agreeableness and Conscientiousness. CONCLUSIONS The Big Five systematically predict the emotion regulation goals people typically pursue. These findings have important implications for understanding why people engage in certain forms of regulatory behavior and why personality has consequences for well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lameese Eldesouky
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Tammy English
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
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36
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Bredow CA, Hames N. Steadfast Standards or Fluctuating Fancies? Stability and Change in People’s Mate Criteria Over 27 Months. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2018; 45:671-687. [PMID: 30229702 DOI: 10.1177/0146167218794643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Although research on mate preferences has been built on the assumption that the criteria people report at one point in time should predict their future partnering behavior, little is known about the temporal stability of people’s standards. Using survey data collected at four time points from 285 originally unmarried individuals, this study examined the rank-order, mean-level, individual-level and ipsative stability of people’s mate criteria over 27 months. Overall, reported standards exhibited moderate to high baseline stability, with rank-order and ipsative estimates comparable to those reported for personality traits. At the same time, mean- and individual-level analyses revealed small, but significant, increases in participants’ reported criteria over the study, as well as significant variability in individual trajectories. Consistent with theory, the stability of individuals’ standards was moderated by several contextual factors, including age, changes in perceived mate value, and significant relationship events.
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Sharma S, Elfenbein HA, Foster J, Bottom WP. Predicting Negotiation Performance from Personality Traits: A field Study across Multiple Occupations. HUMAN PERFORMANCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/08959285.2018.1481407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sudeep Sharma
- Department of Management, University of Illinois at Springfield, Springfield, Illinois, United States
| | - Hillary Anger Elfenbein
- Olin Business School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Jeff Foster
- Research and Development, Hogan Assessments, Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States
| | - William P. Bottom
- Olin Business School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
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Vecchione M, Alessandri G, Roccas S, Caprara GV. A look into the relationship between personality traits and basic values: A longitudinal investigation. J Pers 2018; 87:413-427. [PMID: 29806202 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study examines the longitudinal association between basic personal values and the Big Five personality traits. METHOD A sample of 546 young adults (57% females) with a mean age of 21.68 years (SD = 1.60) completed the Portrait Values Questionnaire and the Big Five Questionnaire at three time points, each separated by an interval of 4 years. Cross-lagged models were used to investigate the possible reciprocal relations between traits and values, after the stability of the variables was taken into account. RESULTS We found that values did not affect trait development. Traits, by contrast, have some effects on how values change. Specifically, high levels of Agreeableness predict an increase over time in the importance assigned to benevolence values. Similarly, high levels of Openness predict a later increase in the importance assigned to self-direction values. The same effect was not found for the other traits. Additionally, except for in the case of Emotional Stability, traits showed synchronous (i.e., within wave) correlations with values, suggesting that part of this relationship is due to common antecedents. CONCLUSIONS Mechanisms underlying the associations between traits and values are discussed.
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Williamson JA, O’Hara MW. Who Gets Social Support, Who Gives It, and How It’s Related to Recipient’s Mood. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2017; 43:1355-1377. [DOI: 10.1177/0146167217711936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We sought to identify personal characteristics associated with receiving and perceiving social support, and characteristics of support providers who give the most support and are perceived as the most available. In samples of students ( n = 755) and community adults ( n = 430), we found that people who were younger, female, more extraverted, more conscientious, and more open received and perceived more support. Female providers and romantic partners were associated with more support whereas coworkers were associated with less. In many cases, social support mediated associations between these characteristics and recipient mood. For instance, recipients reported they experience more positive mood and less negative mood when interacting with female providers. These associations were partly explained by increased received and perceived support from female providers. Notable differences emerged between received support and perceived support, and between the student and community samples. Implications for increasing support for poorly supported individuals are discussed.
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40
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Chen IS. Examining the linkage between creative self-efficacy and work engagement. BALTIC JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1108/bjm-04-2015-0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between creative self-efficacy and work engagement using openness to experience as a moderator. The theoretical background is rooted in the resource perspective of the job demands-resources model (JD-R model) of work engagement.
Design/methodology/approach
The developed hypotheses were tested in a study of 101 faculty members from a science and technology institute in the USA. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to analyze the data.
Findings
The results supported a positive effect of creative self-efficacy on work engagement but did not support a moderating effect of openness to experience on the relationship between creative self-efficacy and work engagement.
Originality/value
This study introduces the context of creativity into the work engagement and JD-R model fields. Specifically, through the resource perspective of the JD-R model, it theoretically and empirically extends the contribution and explanatory ability of personal resources to the improvement of work engagement.
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Openness and Intellect: An analysis of the motivational constructs underlying two aspects of personality. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
To examine (a) how young adults' personal goals change as they progress from emerging to young adulthood in their university studies and immediately after and (b) the extent to which such changes are associated with the normative transitions and the life events they experience and their age, 297 university students completed the revised Personal Project Analysis and a life-event questionnaire five times over 10 years. The changes in young adults' personal goals reflected changing developmental tasks, role transitions, and life situations: They disengaged from goals related to education, friends, and traveling and engaged in goals related to work, family, and health. The older the participants, the more family- and work-related goals and the fewer friend-related goals they reported. The results showed further that the more family-related goals they had, the earlier they married, started to cohabitate, and had children. The earlier they had graduated and found permanent jobs, the more their education-related goals decelerated.
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Wrzus C, Roberts BW. Processes of Personality Development in Adulthood: The TESSERA Framework. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2016; 21:253-277. [PMID: 27260302 DOI: 10.1177/1088868316652279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The current article presents a theoretical framework of the short- and long-term processes underlying personality development throughout adulthood. The newly developed TESSERA framework posits that long-term personality development occurs due to repeated short-term, situational processes. These short-term processes can be generalized as recursive sequence of Triggering situations, Expectancy, States/State expressions, and Reactions (TESSERA). Reflective and associative processes on TESSERA sequences can lead to personality development (i.e., continuity and lasting changes in explicit and implicit personality characteristics and behavioral patterns). We illustrate how the TESSERA framework facilitates a more comprehensive understanding of normative and differential personality development at various ages during the life span. The TESSERA framework extends previous theories by explicitly linking short- and long-term processes of personality development, by addressing different manifestations of personality, and by being applicable to different personality characteristics, for example, behavioral traits, motivational orientations, or life narratives.
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Valero D, Hirschi A. Latent profiles of work motivation in adolescents in relation to work expectations, goal engagement, and changes in work experiences. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL BEHAVIOR 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Hudson NW, Fraley RC. Changing for the Better? Longitudinal Associations Between Volitional Personality Change and Psychological Well-Being. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2016; 42:603-15. [DOI: 10.1177/0146167216637840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has found that a vast majority of people want to change their personality traits—and they may be able to find some degree of success in doing so. However, desires for self-change have been theoretically and empirically linked to reduced well-being. The present study utilized a longitudinal design to better understand the associations between people’s desires and attempts to change their personality traits and their psychological well-being. Results indicated that possessing change goals did not necessarily predict growing deficits in well-being over time. In contrast, people who were able to change their personality traits in ways that aligned with their desires tended to experience increases in well-being over time. These findings are consistent with theory that dissatisfaction can precipitate change goals, and successful change can ameliorate dissatisfaction.
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Bollich KL, Hill PL, Harms PD, Jackson JJ. When Friends' and Society's Expectations Collide: A Longitudinal Study of Moral Decision-Making and Personality across College. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146716. [PMID: 26751944 PMCID: PMC4709233 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Early adulthood is a developmentally important time period, with many novel life events needing to be traversed for the first time. Despite this important transition period, few studies examine the development of moral decision-making processes during this critical life stage. In the present study, college students completed moral decision-making measures during their freshman and senior years of college. Results indicate that, across four years, moral decision-making demonstrates considerable rank-order stability as well as change, such that people become more likely to help a friend relative to following societal rules. To help understand the mechanisms driving changes in moral decision-making processes, we examined their joint development with personality traits, a known correlate that changes during early adulthood in the direction of greater maturity. We found little evidence that personality and moral decision-making developmental processes are related. In sum, findings indicate that while moral decision-making processes are relatively stable across a four-year period, changes do occur which are likely independent of developmental processes driving personality trait change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L. Bollich
- Department of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Patrick L. Hill
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter D. Harms
- Department of Management, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Joshua J. Jackson
- Department of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
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Robinson OC, Noftle EE, Guo J, Asadi S, Zhang X. Goals and plans for Big Five personality trait change in young adults. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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McCabe KO, Fleeson W. Are traits useful? Explaining trait manifestations as tools in the pursuit of goals. J Pers Soc Psychol 2015; 110:287-301. [PMID: 26280839 DOI: 10.1037/a0039490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Traits and motivation mainly have been treated separately for almost a century. The purpose of these studies is to test the proposal that traits and motivation are intricately linked. Specifically, that 1 explanation for traits, at least in terms of their descriptiveness of what people actually do, is the goals people pursue. Study 1 used experience-sampling methodology to show that almost half the variance in extraversion and conscientiousness manifestation was explained by goal pursuit differences. Both why people enacted more of extraversion and/or conscientiousness than others, and why people enacted extraversion and/or conscientiousness at any given moment were explained by the goals people were pursuing at those moments. Study 2 used experimental methodology to show that extraversion and conscientiousness enactment was in fact caused by the goal pursuit. Study 3 employed observer ratings to show that the goal-dependent enactments of traits were observer-verified actual behaviors. In all 3 studies, different goals affected different traits discriminatively. Thus, these findings provided strong evidence for 1 explanation of traits, that they are useful for accomplishing goals. These findings provided 1 answer to long-standing questions about the conceptual relations between traits and motivation. And these findings clarified the meaning and nature of extraversion and conscientiousness by revealing part of what these traits are for.
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Bleidorn W. What Accounts for Personality Maturation in Early Adulthood? CURRENT DIRECTIONS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/0963721414568662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
During early adulthood, individuals tend to increase in personality traits that mark greater social maturity. The compelling question is why most young adults change in the direction of greater maturity. Recently, this question has been addressed by a diverse array of research, ranging from behavioral-genetic to prospective longitudinal and cross-cultural studies. The present article reviews the new insights gained from these studies, discusses their implications for two theoretical accounts of personality-trait development, and highlights challenges for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Bleidorn
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis
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