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Solka JR, Finan LJ. Narcissism and alcohol use: The mediating role of drinking motives among college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38917364 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2024.2368000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Objective: The current study examined associations between grandiose and vulnerable subclinical narcissistic traits and alcohol use among college students and whether drinking motives mediated these associations. Methods and Participants: Young adult college students who reported past month alcohol use were invited to complete self-report online surveys (N = 406; 81% female; Mage = 20.13, SD = 1.69; 10% Hispanic; 85% White). Results: Results from path analysis using structural equation modeling indicated that there were no direct associations between grandiose or vulnerable subclinical narcissistic traits and alcohol use. However, several drinking motives mediated these associations. Specifically, the association between grandiose traits and alcohol use was mediated by enhancement and social motives. Similarly, the association between vulnerable traits and alcohol use was mediated by enhancement, social and coping motives. Conclusions: Findings highlight a potential mechanism by which personality traits may contribute to a health risk behavior among young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake R Solka
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Laura J Finan
- Department of Psychology, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois, USA
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2
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de Vries IRH, Oudman E, Postma A. Personality traits and personality problems in Korsakoff syndrome patients. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2024; 46:233-245. [PMID: 38640075 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2024.2344840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Personality research is of relevance because it provides insights into the psychological strengths and vulnerabilities of a person. Korsakoff's syndrome (KS) is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder following acute thiamine deficiency, usually as a consequence of alcohol-use disorders. Research on personality traits of KS patients is currently limited. The aim of the current exploratory study was therefore to examine the personality traits and problems of KS patients. We assessed self-reported and informant-reported personality traits and problems in institutionalized KS patients (n = 30). Results indicate that the psychotic personality organization was more frequently present in KS patients compared to a psychiatric reference population, leading to increased vulnerability for the development of severe psychiatric issues. Informants observed more premorbid and current cluster B ("emotional") and C ("anxious") personality behavior in comparison to the general population. Also, rigid- and socially avoidant behavior in KS patients was observed to increase over the years. They also observed personality problems such as emotional-, unpredictable-, dramatic-, anxious and fearful behavior in the present and in the past. KS patients reported themselves as healthy individuals, indicating a lack of self-awareness. We recommend training programs for the medical team focussed on psycho-education and supportive interventions for patients with complex personality problems concomitant to KS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ineke Roelfina Hendrika de Vries
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Slingedael Korsakoff Centre, Lelie Care Group, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Oudman
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Slingedael Korsakoff Centre, Lelie Care Group, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Postma
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Slingedael Korsakoff Centre, Lelie Care Group, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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3
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Semple SJ, Pines HA, Pitpitan EV, Harvey-Vera A, Martinez G, Rangel MG, Strathdee SA, Patterson TL. Correlates of impulsivity among female sex workers in Mexico. Health Care Women Int 2023; 44:1119-1135. [PMID: 34427544 PMCID: PMC8866522 DOI: 10.1080/07399332.2021.1958816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Impulsivity is a trait characteristic that is associated with sexual risk behavior. We examined correlates of impulsivity among 602 female sex workers (FSWs) enrolled in a sexual risk reduction intervention in Mexico (2016-2020). Impulsivity was positively associated with condomless sex with clients. Higher levels of impulsivity were associated with greater use of alcohol and heavy drugs, use of illicit drugs with clients, sexual/physical abuse history, and clinical depression. Global public health policy that supports free substance abuse treatment in combination with psychotherapeutic treatments (e.g. regulation management skills) and behavioral-focused therapy may help to reduce HIV/STI incidence in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley J. Semple
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California USA
| | - Heather A. Pines
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California USA
| | - Eileen V. Pitpitan
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California USA
- School of Social Work, San Diego State University, San Diego, California USA
| | - Alicia Harvey-Vera
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California USA
| | - Gustavo Martinez
- Federación Méxicana de Asociaciones Privadas (FEMAP), Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - M. Gudelia Rangel
- US-Mexico Border Health Commission, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
| | | | - Thomas L. Patterson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California USA
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4
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Santens E, Dom G, Dierckx E, Claes L. Reactive and Regulative Temperament in Relation to Clinical Symptomatology and Personality Disorders in Patients with a Substance Use Disorder. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030591. [PMID: 35160046 PMCID: PMC8837055 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperament and personality traits are important factors underlying the vulnerability for both the initiation and continuation of addictive behaviors. We investigated the influence of reactive and regulative temperament and their interaction in relation to clinical symptomatology and personality disorders (PDs) in a sample of 841 inpatients (68.1% males) with a substance use disorder (SUD). To assess reactive temperament we used the Behavioral Inhibition and Behavioral Activation Scales (BISBAS) and to assess regulative temperament we used the Effortful Control Scale. Clinical symptomatology and personality traits were measured by means of the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) and the Assessment of ADP-IV Personality Disorders (ADP-IV). Hierarchical regression analyses showed that both, clinical symptomatology and PDs were related to low levels of effortful control (EC). None of the two-way interactions (BIS × EC, BAS × EC) however were significantly related to psychopathology. Current findings highlight the role of effortful control (EC) in the expression of psychopathology in an adult sample of inpatients with SUD. Therapeutic interventions aiming at strengthening EC can possibly result in better treatment outcomes for both the addiction and the comorbid psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Els Santens
- Alexian Psychiatric Hospital, 3300 Tienen, Belgium;
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (G.D.); (L.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Geert Dom
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (G.D.); (L.C.)
- Multiversum Psychiatric Hospital, 2530 Boechout, Belgium
| | - Eva Dierckx
- Alexian Psychiatric Hospital, 3300 Tienen, Belgium;
- Developmental and Life Span Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurence Claes
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (G.D.); (L.C.)
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Science, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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5
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Patel N, Sharma H, Mahida A, Mistry H. Relationship of alcohol use pattern with locus of control and impulsivity: A cross-sectional study in hospitalized alcohol use disorder patients in Western India. J Family Med Prim Care 2022; 11:987-993. [PMID: 35495781 PMCID: PMC9051702 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1181_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) are increasing in developing countries like India and it has high relapse rates. Locus of control (LOC) and impulsivity can be important predictors of relapse and knowledge about them can help in management of AUD. Method: Cross-sectional analytical study of 116 indoor patients in tertiary care hospital, between ages 18 and 65 years diagnosed as AUD according to DSM-5, after acute detoxification was done. For interview, a sociodemographic sheet, Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test, Drinking-Related Locus of Control Scale, and Barrett’s Impulsiveness Scale 11 scale (Gujarati versions) were used. Patients with complicated withdrawal and any other comorbid organic brain conditions were excluded. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Result: Total participants consisted of 65% middle-aged (35–50 years) rural inhabitants. Eighty-six-percent of patients were employed and around 80% were educated >5th standard. No association was found between sociodemographic variables and severity of alcohol use. Severity of alcohol use increased with more duration of alcohol consumption (P = 0.001). Patients being earlier aged for first intake of alcohol had a high external LOC (r = 0.209, P = 0.050). Patients with high external LOC (P = 0.003) and more impulsivity (P = 0.001) had more relapses (more numbers of attempts to quit alcohol). With increased external LOC (r = 0.315) and increased impulsivity (r = 0.716), severity of alcohol use also increased. As impulsivity increased, patients’ LOC was found more toward external side (P = 0.007) (r = 0.345). Conclusion: External LOC and impulsivity have a strong association with alcohol use. Patients with high external LOC and more impulsivity had early age of first intake, severe alcohol use, and more duration of alcohol consumption.
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Richter A, Stapel B, Heitland I, Westhoff-Bleck M, Ponimaskin E, Stubbs B, Lichtinghagen R, Hartung D, Kahl KG. Epicardial adipose tissue and adrenal gland volume in patients with borderline personality disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 144:323-330. [PMID: 34715600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is associated with an elevated mortality risk that is partially attributed to suicide, but few studies examined other possible causes of premature death. The present study compared epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) volume as a known early predictor of premature cardiovascular morbidity, cardiovascular risk indices, and adrenal gland volume (AGV) as an indicator for chronic hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation in females with borderline personality disorder (BPD), major depressive disorder (MDD) and in healthy individuals. Twenty-eight patients with BPD comorbid with MDD (BPD/MDD), 22 MDD patients and 26 healthy females (CTRL) of comparable age were included. EAT and AGV were assessed by magnetic resonance tomography; 10-year cardiovascular risk and diabetes risk were determined by PROCAM and FINDRISK score; metabolic syndrome was defined following National Cholesterol Education Adult Treatment Panel III R (NCEP/ATP III) criteria. MADRS was used to assess depression severity. After adjustment for age, body mass index (BMI), and physical activity, EAT and AGV were significantly increased in BPD/MDD compared to MDD and CTRL. EAT and AGV displayed a positive correlation. Finally, diabetes risk in BPD/MDD was elevated compared to CTRL and MDD. The present study highlights the increased cardiometabolic risk of BPD patients. We identify EAT accumulation as an early predictor and potential mediator of cardiovascular disease in BPD that appears to be driven at least in part by HPA axis dysregulation. Therefore, interventions that reduce EAT volume (i.e. exercise and diet) should be considered in the clinical management of BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Richter
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - B Stapel
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - I Heitland
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - M Westhoff-Bleck
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - E Ponimaskin
- Institute of Cellular Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - B Stubbs
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - R Lichtinghagen
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - D Hartung
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - K G Kahl
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Richey PM, Laageide L, Swick BL. Stimulant use in patients presenting with psychocutaneous disorders. J Am Acad Dermatol 2021; 86:1002-1009. [PMID: 33878406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychocutaneous disorders are often attributed to stimulant medications, yet this relationship has never been fully elucidated. Literature on psychocutaneous disorders largely focuses on clinical presentation and treatment rather than disease etiology or exacerbation. OBJECTIVE To determine whether patients presenting with psychocutaneous disorders display high rates of stimulant use and psychiatric comorbidity. METHODS We undertook a retrospective cohort study of patients with psychocutaneous disorders presenting to a single center. It was hypothesized that these patients would have high rates of stimulant use and psychiatric comorbidity. Following analysis of baseline demographics, the patients were assigned to 1 of 2 groups: those with a psychotic disorder and those with a neurotic disorder. RESULTS Sixty percent of the patients (n = 317) with psychocutaneous disease had recently used a stimulant and more than 80% (270 of 317) carried an additional psychiatric diagnosis. The neurotic disorder group (n = 237) was younger and had higher rates of stimulant use. The psychotic disorder group (n = 80) had higher rates of psychosis, medical comorbidity, and illicit stimulant drug use. LIMITATIONS The predominantly Caucasian population may limit generalizability of findings as may the retrospective nature. CONCLUSIONS Patients with psychocutaneous disease have high rates of stimulant use and most have at least 1 psychiatric comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia M Richey
- Department of Dermatology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa.
| | - Leah Laageide
- Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Brian L Swick
- Department of Dermatology and Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa; Veterans' Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa
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8
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Alcohol use patterns and disorders among individuals with personality disorders in the Sao Paulo Metropolitan Area. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248403. [PMID: 33755679 PMCID: PMC7987194 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alcohol Use Disorders are frequently comorbid with personality disorders. However, the heterogeneity of the prevalence estimates is high, and most data come from high income countries. Our aim is to estimate the prevalence and association between alcohol use outcomes and the three DSM-5 clusters of personality disorders in a representative sample of the São Paulo Metropolitan Area. Materials and methods A representative household sample of 2,942 adults was interviewed using the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview and the International Personality Disorder Examination Screening Questionnaire. Lifetime PD diagnoses were multiply imputed, and AUD diagnoses were obtained using DSM-5 criteria. We conducted cross-tabulations and logistic regression to estimate the associations between AUDs and PDs. Results and discussion Our study did not find significant associations of PDs with heavy drinking patterns or mild AUD. Cluster B PD respondents tended to show the highest conditional prevalence estimates of most alcohol use patterns and AUD, including its severity subtypes. When alcohol outcomes were regressed on all PD Clusters simultaneously, with adjustment for sex and age, only cluster B was significantly associated with past-year alcohol use (OR 3.0), regular drinking (OR 3.2), and AUDs (OR 8.5), especially moderate and severe cases of alcohol use disorders (OR 9.7 and 16.6, respectively). These associations between Cluster B PDs and these alcohol outcomes were shown to be independent of other PD Clusters and individuals´ sex and age. Conclusion The main finding of our study is that AUDs are highly comorbid with PDs. The presence of Cluster B PDs significantly increases the odds of alcohol consumption and disorders and of more severe forms of AUDs. Considering the local context of poor treatment provision, more specific prevention and intervention strategies should be directed to this population.
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Personality Pathology and Substance Misuse in Later Life: Perspectives from Interviewer-, Self-, and Informant-Reports. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2021; 43:597-619. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-020-09862-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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10
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Quaglieri A, Mari E, Boccia M, Piccardi L, Guariglia C, Giannini AM. Brain Network Underlying Executive Functions in Gambling and Alcohol Use Disorders: An Activation Likelihood Estimation Meta-Analysis of fMRI Studies. Brain Sci 2020; 10:E353. [PMID: 32517334 PMCID: PMC7348890 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10060353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroimaging and neuropsychological studies have suggested that common features characterize both Gambling Disorder (GD) and Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD), but these conditions have rarely been compared. METHODS We provide evidence for the similarities and differences between GD and AUD in neural correlates of executive functions by performing an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis of 34 functional magnetic resonance imaging studies involving executive function processes in individuals diagnosed with GD and AUD and healthy controls (HC). RESULTS GD showed greater bilateral clusters of activation compared with HC, mainly located in the head and body of the caudate, right middle frontal gyrus, right putamen, and hypothalamus. Differently, AUD showed enhanced activation compared with HC in the right lentiform nucleus, right middle frontal gyrus, and the precuneus; it also showed clusters of deactivation in the bilateral middle frontal gyrus, left middle cingulate cortex, and inferior portion of the left putamen. CONCLUSIONS Going beyond the limitations of a single study approach, these findings provide evidence, for the first time, that both disorders are associated with specific neural alterations in the neural network for executive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Quaglieri
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.M.); (M.B.); (L.P.); (C.G.); (A.M.G.)
| | - Emanuela Mari
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.M.); (M.B.); (L.P.); (C.G.); (A.M.G.)
| | - Maddalena Boccia
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.M.); (M.B.); (L.P.); (C.G.); (A.M.G.)
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Piccardi
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.M.); (M.B.); (L.P.); (C.G.); (A.M.G.)
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Guariglia
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.M.); (M.B.); (L.P.); (C.G.); (A.M.G.)
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Giannini
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.M.); (M.B.); (L.P.); (C.G.); (A.M.G.)
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LaSpada N, Delker E, East P, Blanco E, Delva J, Burrows R, Lozoff B, Gahagan S. Risk taking, sensation seeking and personality as related to changes in substance use from adolescence to young adulthood. J Adolesc 2020; 82:23-31. [PMID: 32512252 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study examined changes in substance use from adolescence to young adulthood as related to adolescents' risk taking, sensation seeking, antisocial activities, and personality traits. METHODS Chilean youth (N = 890, 52% female) were studied in adolescence (14.5 and 16.2 years) and young adulthood (M age 21.3 years). Risk taking was assessed via a laboratory-based performance task (Balloon Analogue Risk Task), and self-administered questionnaires assessed sensation seeking, antisocial behaviors, personality and substance use. RESULTS Frequent involvement in sensation seeking and antisocial activities were associated with increased odds of continued marijuana use from adolescence to young adulthood and of illicit substance use at young adulthood. High risk taking was associated with a reduced likelihood of discontinuing marijuana use at young adulthood, and high agreeableness and conscientiousness were associated with reduced likelihood of new onset marijuana use and illicit substance use at young adulthood. CONCLUSIONS Results highlight specific risk-taking tendencies and personality characteristics that relate to initiating, continuing, or discontinuing substance use at entry into adulthood. Sensation seeking and involvement in antisocial activities were the two foremost risk factors for continued use, which is a forecaster of drug dependence. Findings suggest potential prevention and intervention targets for abstaining from or discontinuing substance use as youth transition to adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia LaSpada
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Child Development and Community Health, La Jolla, CA, USA; Johns Hopkins University, Department of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Erin Delker
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Child Development and Community Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Patricia East
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Child Development and Community Health, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Estela Blanco
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Child Development and Community Health, La Jolla, CA, USA; Public Health Doctoral Program, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Delva
- School of Social Work, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raquel Burrows
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Betsy Lozoff
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sheila Gahagan
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Child Development and Community Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
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12
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Richmond JR, Tull MT, Gratz KL. The Roles of Emotion Regulation Difficulties and Impulsivity in the Associations between Borderline Personality Disorder Symptoms and Frequency of Nonprescription Sedative Use and Prescription Sedative/Opioid Misuse. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2020; 16:62-70. [PMID: 32368442 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite evidence of a strong relationship between BPD and substance use problems in general, little research has examined the associations of BPD symptoms with the misuse of sedatives or opioids, and no studies have explored possible factors that may underlie these associations. Thus, this study examined the relationships of BPD symptoms (i.e., the number of BPD criteria with threshold ratings on a diagnostic interview) to nonprescription sedative use, nonprescription opioid use, and prescription sedative/opioid misuse among 194 patients with alcohol and/or cocaine dependence in a residential substance use disorder treatment facility, as well as the roles of two theoretically-relevant factors in these relationships: emotion regulation (ER) difficulties and impulsivity facets. We found significant positive associations between BPD symptoms and nonprescription sedative use, nonprescription opioid use, and prescription sedative/opioid misuse. We also found significant positive indirect relationships of BPD symptoms to nonprescription sedative use through ER difficulties, ab = .04, 95% CI [.003, .09], and to prescription sedative/opioid misuse through two facets of impulsivity: lack of perseverance, ab = .05, 95% CI [.01, .11], and negative urgency, ab = .03, 95% CI [.002, .07]. Findings highlight the differential relevance of ER difficulties and impulsivity dimensions to the relationships of BPD symptoms to nonprescription sedative use and prescription sedative/opioid misuse, respectively, among patients with alcohol and/or cocaine dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew T Tull
- Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Kim L Gratz
- Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
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13
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Potik D, Abramsohn Y, Schreiber S, Adelson M, Peles E. Drug Abuse and Behavioral Transgressions during Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT) are Related to High Psychopathy Levels. Subst Use Misuse 2020; 55:460-468. [PMID: 31703535 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2019.1685546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Studies which used the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) among methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) patients focused mostly on methodological issues, without addressing its relationship to patients' misconduct during treatment. This paper tests the hypothesis that high PCL-R scores are related to high rates of drug abuse, and high numbers of behavioral transgressions in MMT during a 7-year period. Material and Methods: 107 MMT patients were recruited from a MMT clinic in Israel, and were administered the PCL-R. The questionnaires results as well as routine drug test findings were recorded between 7/2007 and 11/2007. Seven years later (7/2014), repeated drug test results were analyzed, and the number of behavioral transgressions during the entire period was computed. Results: High levels of psychopathy were related to drug test results indicating any illicit drug use, cocaine use and benzodiazepines misuse at the beginning of study, and limited to benzodiazepines misuse among patients who stayed in treatment at the 7-year follow-up. However, higher scores on different PCL-R facets were significantly associated with different types of drugs. The PCL-R's total score and all but the antisociality facet were positively correlated with a higher number of behavioral transgressions (such as, threats and/or verbal and physical aggression). Conclusions: Administration of the PCL-R during MMT may help identify patients with high illicit drug use levels and a higher chance of committing behavioral transgressions during treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Potik
- Dr. Miriam & Sheldon G. Adelson Clinic for Drug Abuse, Treatment & Research, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Psychiatry, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yali Abramsohn
- Dr. Miriam & Sheldon G. Adelson Clinic for Drug Abuse, Treatment & Research, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shaul Schreiber
- Dr. Miriam & Sheldon G. Adelson Clinic for Drug Abuse, Treatment & Research, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Psychiatry, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Miriam Adelson
- Dr. Miriam & Sheldon G. Adelson Clinic for Drug Abuse, Treatment & Research, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Einat Peles
- Dr. Miriam & Sheldon G. Adelson Clinic for Drug Abuse, Treatment & Research, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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14
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Koļesņikova J, Perepjolkina V, Sudraba V, Mārtinsone K, Stepens A. Relationship Between Personality Disorders Scales, Pathological Personality Traits, and Six Domains of Functioning in Sample With Alcohol Use Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:498. [PMID: 32581874 PMCID: PMC7291949 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies reveal a functional impairment in patients with personality disorders (PDs), but there is not enough information to form conclusions about this relation in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD). The aim of this study was to investigate to what extent a personality disorders scales including pathological personality traits (PPTs) predict six domains of functioning in patients with AUD. METHODS In total, 48 patients with AUD diagnosis, who were treated in the psychiatric clinics, aged 20 to 65 years [M = 37.5; SD = 12.08; 12 (25%) females and 36 (75%) males], filled out the demographic questionnaire, WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0, Latvian version) and Latvian Clinical Personality Inventory (LCPI v2.1.). All respondents signed the informed consent form. RESULTS Stepwise regression analysis showed that PD Avoidant scale positively predicts impairment in Cognition and Getting along domains of functioning in AUD patients, but, on the PPTs level, it was found that Social withdrawal along with Irresponsibility and Guilt/Shame positively predict impairment in Cognition domain of functioning, and Social withdrawal along with Depressivity and Irresponsibility positively predict impairment in Getting along domain of functioning. The results of the study showed that PPT Orderliness negatively predicts impairment in Live activities domain of functioning. The PD Dependent scale and PPT Separation insecurity positively predict impairment in Participation domain of functioning. CONCLUSIONS Obtained results add deeper insight into understanding of the relationship between personality disorders scales including pathological personality traits and six domains of functioning in patients with AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeļena Koļesņikova
- Department of Health Psychology and Paedagogy, Psychology Laboratory, Faculty of Public Health and Social Welfare, Riga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Viktorija Perepjolkina
- Department of Sociology and Psychology, Faculty of Communications, Riga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Velga Sudraba
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Public Health and Social Welfare, Riga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Kristīne Mārtinsone
- Department of Health Psychology and Paedagogy, Faculty of Public Health and Social Welfare, Riga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Ainārs Stepens
- Centre for Military Medicine Research, Riga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia
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15
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Bronchain J, Chabrol H, Raynal P. Could schizotypy protect against the negative outcomes of borderline traits on alcohol consumption? A cluster analytic study. Psychiatry Res 2018; 269:21-24. [PMID: 30145296 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Schizotypal and borderline personality traits seem to be differently associated to alcohol use in young adult. However, no study has explored co-occurring schizotypal and borderline traits in their link with alcohol consumption. Participants were 1572 students from different French universities who completed self-report questionnaires assessing these three dimensions. A cluster analysis based on the borderline and schizotypal traits scores yielded four distinct groups characterized by low schizotypal and borderline traits (LT), high borderline traits (HB), high schizotypal and borderline traits (HT) and high schizotypal traits (HS). The HS cluster had significantly lower alcohol use than the other three groups. LT and HT clusters did not differ significantly in their alcohol use. Comparison between clusters suggests that schizotypal traits may be protective against the negative impact of borderline traits on alcohol consumption. In the context of a co-occurrence between borderline and schizotypal traits, this study provides important information about their link with alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Bronchain
- Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches en Psychopathologie et Psychologie de la Santé, Université de Toulouse, UT2J, France.
| | - Henri Chabrol
- Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches en Psychopathologie et Psychologie de la Santé, Université de Toulouse, UT2J, France
| | - Patrick Raynal
- Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches en Psychopathologie et Psychologie de la Santé, Université de Toulouse, UT2J, France
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16
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Habersaat S, Ramain J, Mantzouranis G, Palix J, Boonmann C, Fegert JM, Schmeck K, Perler C, Schmid M, Urben S. Substance-use disorders, personality traits, and sex differences in institutionalized adolescents. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2018; 44:686-694. [DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2018.1491587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Habersaat
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julie Ramain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gregory Mantzouranis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julie Palix
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cyril Boonmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Psychiatric Hospitals of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jörg M. Fegert
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Klaus Schmeck
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatric Hospitals of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Perler
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Psychiatric Hospitals of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marc Schmid
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatric Hospitals of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sébastien Urben
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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17
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Yang P, Tao R, He C, Liu S, Wang Y, Zhang X. The Risk Factors of the Alcohol Use Disorders-Through Review of Its Comorbidities. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:303. [PMID: 29867316 PMCID: PMC5958183 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) represent a severe, world-wide problem, and are usually comorbid with psychiatric disorders, comorbidity increases the risks associated with AUDs, and results in more serious consequences for patients. However, currently the underlying mechanisms of comorbid psychiatric disorders in AUDs are not clear. Studies investigating comorbidity could help us understand the neural mechanisms of AUDs. In this review, we explore three comorbidities in AUDs, including schizophrenia, major depressive disorder (MDD), and personality disorders (PDs). They are all co-morbidities of AUDs with rate of 33.7, 28, and 50–70%, respectively. The rate is significantly higher than other diseases. Therefore we review and analyze relevant literature to explore whether these three diseases are the risk factors of AUDs, focusing on studies assessing cognitive function and those using neural imaging. We found that memory deficits, impairment of cognitive control, negative emotion, and impulsivity may increase an individual's vulnerability to AUDs. This comorbidity may indicate the neural basis of AUDs and reveal characteristics associated with different types of comorbidity, leading to further development of new treatment approaches for AUDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yang
- Department of Medical Psychology, Chaohu Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Rui Tao
- Department of Substance-Related Disorders, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China
| | - Chengsen He
- Department of Medical Psychology, Chaohu Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaochu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
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18
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Mosher Ruiz S, Oscar-Berman M, Kemppainen MI, Valmas MM, Sawyer KS. Associations Between Personality and Drinking Motives Among Abstinent Adult Alcoholic Men and Women. Alcohol Alcohol 2018; 52:496-505. [PMID: 28379312 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agx016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Men and women differ in personality characteristics and may be motivated to use alcohol for different reasons. The goals of the present study were to characterize personality and drinking motives by gender and alcoholism status in adults, and to determine how alcoholism history and gender are related to the associations between personality traits and drinking motivation. Methods Personality characteristics were assessed with the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, which includes Extraversion, Neuroticism, Psychoticism and Lie (Social Conforming) scales. To evaluate drinking motivation, we asked abstinent long-term alcoholic men and women, and demographically similar nonalcoholic participants to complete the Drinking Motives Questionnaire, which includes Conformity, Coping, Social and Enhancement scales. Results Patterns of personality scale scores and drinking motives differed by alcoholism status, with alcoholics showing higher psychopathology and stronger motives for drinking compared with controls. Divergent gender-specific relationships between personality and drinking motives also were identified, which differed for alcoholics and controls. Conclusion Alcoholic and control men and women differed with respect to the associations between personality traits and motives for drinking. A better understanding of how different personality traits affect drinking motivations for alcoholic men and women can inform individualized relapse prevention strategies. Short Summary Men and women differed in their personality traits and their motivations for drinking, and these relationships differed for abstinent alcoholic and control groups. Additionally, alcoholics scored higher on Neuroticism and Psychoticism personality traits, and had lower Enhancement and Social Conformity drinking motives than nonalcoholic controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Mosher Ruiz
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.,VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - Marlene Oscar-Berman
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.,VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA.,Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Maaria I Kemppainen
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.,VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - Mary M Valmas
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.,VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - Kayle S Sawyer
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.,VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA
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19
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Lyvers M, Bremner M, Edwards MS, Thorberg FA. Rash Impulsiveness and Negative Mood, but not Alexithymia or Reward Sensitivity, Differentiate Young to Middle-Aged Chronic Daily Smokers from Never-Smokers. J Psychoactive Drugs 2017; 50:33-42. [DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2017.1366604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lyvers
- Associate Professor of Psychology, School of Psychology, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Monique Bremner
- Honors Student Researcher, School of Psychology, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark S. Edwards
- Professor of Psychology, School of Psychological and Social Sciences, York St. John University, York, UK
| | - Fred Arne Thorberg
- Senior Research Fellow, National Centre for Dual Diagnosis, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
- Senior Research Fellow, Department of Behavioural Sciences in Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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20
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Armenti NA, Snead AL, Babcock JC. Exploring the Moderating Role of Problematic Substance Use in the Relations Between Borderline and Antisocial Personality Features and Intimate Partner Violence. Violence Against Women 2017; 24:223-240. [DOI: 10.1177/1077801216687875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Borderline and antisocial personality features relate to multiple externalizing behaviors, including intimate partner violence (IPV). However, not all individuals with borderline and antisocial traits perpetrate IPV. The strength of the personality-IPV link may be related to problematic substance use. We examined borderline and antisocial personality features, problematic substance use, and IPV in a community sample of couples. Positive relations between both borderline and antisocial features and IPV were stronger in conditions of high problematic alcohol use relative to low problematic alcohol use. Alcohol misuse may be an important factor to consider for IPV reduction in men with these personality features.
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21
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Sher L, Fisher AM, Kelliher CH, Penner JD, Goodman M, Koenigsberg HW, New AS, Siever LJ, Hazlett EA. Clinical features and psychiatric comorbidities of borderline personality disorder patients with versus without a history of suicide attempt. Psychiatry Res 2016; 246:261-266. [PMID: 27728869 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) are at high risk for suicidal behavior. However, many BPD patients do not engage in suicidal behavior. In this study, we compared clinical features of BPD patients with or without a history of suicide attempts and healthy volunteers. Compared with healthy volunteers, both BPD groups had higher Affective Lability Scale (ALS), ALS - Depression-Anxiety Subscale, Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS), and Lifetime History of Aggression (LHA) scores and were more likely to have a history of temper tantrums. BPD suicide attempters had higher ALS, ALS - Depression-Anxiety Subscale and LHA scores and were more likely to have a history of non-suicidal self-injury or temper tantrums compared to BPD non-attempters. Also, BPD suicide attempters were more likely to have a history of comorbid major depressive disorder and less likely to have comorbid narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) in comparison to BPD non-attempters. About 50% of study participants in each BPD group had a history of comorbid substance use disorder (SUD). Our study indicates that BPD patients with a history of suicide attempt are more aggressive, affectively dysregulated and less narcissistic than BPD suicide non-attempters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Sher
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States; Inpatient and Outpatient Psychiatry, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States.
| | - Amanda M Fisher
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Caitlin H Kelliher
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Justin D Penner
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States; Inpatient and Outpatient Psychiatry, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States; Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC; VISN 2 South), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Marianne Goodman
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States; Inpatient and Outpatient Psychiatry, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States; Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC; VISN 2 South), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Harold W Koenigsberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States; Inpatient and Outpatient Psychiatry, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Antonia S New
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Larry J Siever
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States; Inpatient and Outpatient Psychiatry, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States; Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC; VISN 2 South), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Erin A Hazlett
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States; Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States; Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC; VISN 2 South), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
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22
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A Within-Person Analysis of the Association between Borderline Personality Disorder and Alcohol Use in Adolescents. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2016; 45:1157-1167. [PMID: 27812907 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-016-0225-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Many studies examining the association between borderline personality disorder (BPD) and alcohol use during adolescence have focused on between-individual differences (rank order stability), comparing whether adolescents with elevated rates of alcohol use have higher BPD symptoms than those with lower rates of alcohol use. As such, the extent to which an individual's alcohol use is associated with concurrent and future BPD symptoms has been relatively unstudied. The current study assessed year-to-year fluctuations in alcohol use and BPD symptoms in a large urban sample of girls from age 14 to age 17 (N = 2450). The primary aim was to examine whether increases in alcohol use were associated with increases in adolescent girls' BPD symptoms in the same year and in the following year. Results of fixed-effects (within-individual) models revealed that even while controlling for the time-varying impact of symptoms of both internalizing and externalizing disorders, prior and concurrent other substance use, and all time invariant, pre-existing differences between individuals, higher past-year alcohol use was associated with higher levels of BPD symptoms. Furthermore, this association did not vary by age, or by sociodemographic factors, including child race and socioeconomic status of the family. The results of this study indicate heightened risk for the exacerbation of BPD symptoms following increases in alcohol use frequency and highlight the potential utility of interventions targeting drinking behavior for preventing escalations in BPD symptoms.
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23
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Haeny AM, Littlefield AK, Sher KJ. Limitations of lifetime alcohol use disorder assessments: A criterion-validation study. Addict Behav 2016; 59:95-9. [PMID: 27082748 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The goal of the present study was to compare etiologically and clinically relevant correlates of lifetime AUD (e.g., alcohol consumption, personality traits, psychiatric disorders) based on a single assessment compared to a cumulative, prospective assessment of lifetime AUD. Data were drawn from the Alcohol, Health and Behavior (AHB; baseline N=489) study, which consisted of a prospective cohort of college students assessed seven times over a 16-year period ([M(SD) age at baseline=18.56 (.97)] and [M(SD) age at final assessment=34.33 (.82)]). The participants were assessed using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) for DSM-III at Waves 1-7 and for DSM-IV at Waves 6-7. A single assessment and cumulative assessments of DSM-III lifetime AUD at Wave 6 (M[SD] age=28.98 [1.03]) were used to predict past-year alcohol related variables (e.g., alcohol consumption, drinking motives, drinking expectancies), personality variables, general functioning, lifetime substance use, and lifetime psychiatric disorders at Wave 7. Significantly larger correlations were found between the cumulative assessment and eight of the 25 etiologically relevant correlates of AUD compared to the single assessment. Further, significant incremental validity of cumulative assessment over single, retrospective assessment was observed for 16 of the 25 covariates. Overall, this study provides further support for the value of using prospective data with multiple assessments when determining lifetime history of disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Haeny
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, and The Midwest Alcohol Research Center, United States.
| | - Andrew K Littlefield
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Kenneth J Sher
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, and The Midwest Alcohol Research Center, United States
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24
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25
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Maraz A, Andó B, Rigó P, Harmatta J, Takách G, Zalka Z, Boncz I, Lackó Z, Urbán R, van den Brink W, Demetrovics Z. The two-faceted nature of impulsivity in patients with borderline personality disorder and substance use disorder. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 163:48-54. [PMID: 27107850 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impulsivity, which has been the subject of extensive debate in psychiatric research, is a clinically important concept, especially with respect to Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) and Substance Use Disorders (SUD). The current study aims to examine the presence of two aspects of impulsivity (self-reported impulsivity and delay discounting) in patients with BPD, SUD (alcohol use=AUD or drug use=DUD) and the combination of both disorders (BPD+SUD). METHODS Patients were recruited from eight different mental health treatment service facilities. A total of 345 participants were assessed and divided into six groups: (1) healthy controls (non-BPD, non-SUD), (2) patients with BPD (non-SUD), (3) DUD (non-BPD), (4) AUD (non-BPD), (5) BPD+AUD and (6) BPD+DUD. RESULTS The behavioural measure of impulsivity is more conservative than the results of self-reported impulsivity. Furthermore, ANOVA indicated that BPD and SUD have significant effects on self-reported impulsivity, even when demographic variables, income, other psychiatric symptoms or depression are considered as covariates. On the other hand, the main effects of BPD and SUD are mediated by psychiatric symptoms and depression when delay discounting is considered as a dependent variable. CONCLUSIONS When self-reported, impulsivity is over-estimated as compared to reports based on behavioural measures. These results provide support for the notion that impulsivity is not a unitary construct, and that it instead has different manifestations in BPD and SUD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniko Maraz
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Doctoral School of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Bálint Andó
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Rigó
- Department of Psychiatry III., Nyírő Gyula Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Harmatta
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Psychotherapy and Rehabilitation, "Tündérhegy", Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gáspár Takách
- Department of Pathological Addictions, Merényi Gusztáv Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Zalka
- Thalassa House Institute for Psychotherapeutic and Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Boncz
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa Lackó
- Department of Pathological Addictions, Merényi Gusztáv Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Róbert Urbán
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Wim van den Brink
- Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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26
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Webber TA, Kiselica AM, Arango A, Rojas E, Neale MC, Bornovalova MA. Unidirectionality Between Borderline Personality Disorder Traits and Psychopathology in a Residential Addictions Sample: A Short-Term Longitudinal Study. J Pers Disord 2015; 29:755-70. [PMID: 25562538 PMCID: PMC4836848 DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2014_28_172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a barrier to treatment, yet the relationship between BPD features and other psychopathology symptoms in residential addictions treatment samples is understudied. Using a sample of adults enrolled in a residential drug treatment facility measured at baseline and 2-3 month follow-up, the authors examined the prospective relationship between BPD features and five indices of psychopathology: depression, anxiety, interpersonal sensitivity, hostility, and psychoticism, as well as psychopathology global severity. There was no effect of time on any of the forms of psychopathology, but females reported higher levels of BPD features, anxiety symptoms, and interpersonal sensitivity than males. A series of latent change score models indicated that BPD features predicted increases in all psychopathology scales at follow-up, while the reverse was not true. These results suggest that targeting BPD features in residents of drug treatment facilities may reduce the emergence of new psychopathology in the short term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy A. Webber
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | | | - Alejandra Arango
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Elizabeth Rojas
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Michael C. Neale
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Marina A. Bornovalova
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
- Department of Mental Health Law and Policy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
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27
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Ashenhurst JR, Harden KP, Corbin WR, Fromme K. Trajectories of binge drinking and personality change across emerging adulthood. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2015; 29:978-91. [PMID: 26348219 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
College students binge drink more frequently than the broader population, yet most individuals "mature out" of binge drinking. Impulsivity and sensation seeking traits are important for understanding who is at risk for maintaining binge drinking across college and the transition to adult roles. We use latent class growth analysis (LCGA) to examine longitudinal binge-drinking trajectories spanning from the end of high school through 2 years after college (M ages = 18.4 to 23.8). Data were gathered over 10 waves from students at a large Southwestern university (N = 2,245). We use latent factor models to estimate changes in self-reported impulsive (IMP) and sensation-seeking (SS) personality traits across 2 time periods-(a) the end of high school to the end of college and (b) the 2-year transition out of college. LCGA suggested 7 binge-drinking trajectories: frequent, moderate, increasing, occasional, low increasing, decreasing, and rare. Models of personality showed that from high school through college, change in SS and IMP generally paralleled drinking trajectories, with increasing and decreasing individuals showing corresponding changes in SS. Across the transition out of college, only the increasing group demonstrated a developmentally deviant increase in IMP, whereas all other groups showed normative stability or decreases in both IMP and SS. These data indicate that "late bloomers," who begin binge drinking only in the later years of college, are a unique at-risk group for drinking associated with abnormal patterns of personality maturation during emerging adulthood. Our results indicate that personality targeted interventions may benefit college students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kim Fromme
- Psychology Department, The University of Texas at Austin
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Laconi S, Sacilotto A, Moreau A, Girard M, Chabrol H. Forte association entre les symptômes de dépendance à la nicotine et les traits des troubles de la personnalité du cluster A. Encephale 2015; 41:280-1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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29
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Rooney M, Chronis-Tuscano AM, Huggins S. Disinhibition mediates the relationship between ADHD and problematic alcohol use in college students. J Atten Disord 2015; 19:313-27. [PMID: 23117860 DOI: 10.1177/1087054712459885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High-risk alcohol use among college students has received substantial attention in recent years, and intervention and prevention efforts have increased dramatically. The current study examined ADHD as a risk factor for problematic drinking among college students. Trait disinhibition and difficulty stopping a drinking session were examined as potential mechanisms through which ADHD is associated with alcohol-related problems. METHOD Participants included 100 full-time undergraduate students with (n = 48) and without (n = 52) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.) ADHD. RESULTS Students with ADHD had higher rates of alcohol-related problems and alcohol-use disorders across multiple measures. Both disinhibition and difficulty stopping a drinking session independently mediated the relationship between ADHD and negative consequences of alcohol use. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that college students with ADHD are at increased risk for alcohol-related problems. Trait disinhibition and difficulty stopping a drinking session represent mechanisms of high-risk alcohol use among college students with ADHD.
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Zhong B, Xiang Y, Cao X, Li Y, Zhu J, Chiu HFK. Prevalence of antisocial personality disorder among Chinese individuals receiving treatment for heroin dependence: a meta-analysis. SHANGHAI ARCHIVES OF PSYCHIATRY 2014; 26:259-71. [PMID: 25477719 PMCID: PMC4248258 DOI: 10.11919/j.issn.1002-0829.214091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Background Studies from Western countries consistently report very high rates of comorbid Antisocial
Personality Disorder (ASPD) among individuals with heroin addiction, but the reported proportion of
Chinese individuals with heroin addiction who have co-morbid ASPD varies widely, possibly because Chinese
clinicians do not consider personality issues when treating substance abuse problems. Aim Conduct a meta-analysis of studies that assessed the proportion of Chinese individuals with heroin
dependence who have comorbid ASPD. Methods We searched for relevant studies in both Chinese databases (China National Knowledge
Infrastructure, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, Taiwan Electronic Periodical Services) and
western databases (PubMed, EMBASE, and PsycInfo). Two authors independently retrieved the literature,
identified studies that met pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, assessed the quality of included
studies, and extracted the data used in the analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using StatsDirect 3.0
and R software. Results The search yielded 15 eligible studies with a total of 3692 individuals with heroin dependence. Only
2 of the studies were rated as high-quality studies. All studies were conducted in rehabilitation centers or
hospitals. The pooled lifetime prevalence of ASPD in these subjects was 30% (95%CI: 23%-38%), but the
heterogeneity of results across studies was great (I2
=95%, p<0.001). Men had a higher prevalence than
women (44% vs. 21%), and injection heroin users had higher prevalence than those who smoked heroin
(44% vs. 27%). Studies that were methodologically stronger had higher reported prevalence of ASPD among
heroin dependent individuals. Conclusions There are substantial methodological problems in the available literature about ASPD in
Chinese individuals receiving treatment for heroin dependence, but we estimate that about one-third
of them meet criteria for ASPD. Further work is needed to increase clinicians’ awareness of this issue; to
compare the pathogenesis, treatment responsiveness and recidivism of those with and without ASPD; and
to develop and test targeted interventions for this difficult-to-treat subgroup of individuals with heroin
dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoliang Zhong
- Department of Psychiatry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China ; Affiliated Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yutao Xiang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China ; Affiliated Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China ; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China ; Mood Disorders Centre, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolan Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Junhong Zhu
- Affiliated Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Helen F K Chiu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Donald S, Chartrand H, Bolton JM. The relationship between nicotine cessation and mental disorders in a nationally representative sample. J Psychiatr Res 2013; 47:1673-9. [PMID: 23890363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between Axis I and II mental disorders, quality of life, and nicotine dependence cessation in a nationally representative sample. Data came from Wave 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC), a nationally representative survey of adults in the United States (N = 34,653). People who met DSM-IV criteria for nicotine dependence previously but who had abstained from nicotine in the last year (nicotine cessation) were compared to people currently dependent on nicotine as well as lifetime abstainers using multivariate logistic regression. Outcomes of interest included DSM-IV Axis I and II mental disorders, treatment seeking for mental disorders, and quality of life measures. In adjusted models, individuals who ceased nicotine use in the last year were less likely to have past-year mood [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.64; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.50-0.82, p < 0.001] and substance use disorders (AOR = 0.65, 95% CI 0.52-0.82, p < 0.001) compared to those with current nicotine dependence. They were also less likely to have narcissistic and borderline personality disorders. Compared to those with current nicotine dependence, cessation was associated with an improved quality of life, both physically (beta = 1.65; standard error 0.40, p < 0.001) and mentally (beta = 2.17, standard error 0.39, p < 0.001). In conclusion, nicotine dependence cessation was associated with reduced likelihood of several mental disorders and a higher quality of life compared to those with current nicotine dependence. These findings provide further support for public health policy aimed at smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Donald
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Magidson JF, Roberts BW, Collado-Rodriguez A, Lejuez CW. Theory-driven intervention for changing personality: expectancy value theory, behavioral activation, and conscientiousness. Dev Psychol 2012; 50:1442-50. [PMID: 23106844 DOI: 10.1037/a0030583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Considerable evidence suggests that personality traits may be changeable, raising the possibility that personality traits most linked to health problems can be modified with intervention. A growing body of research suggests that problematic personality traits may be altered with behavioral intervention using a bottom-up approach. That is, by targeting core behaviors that underlie personality traits with the goal of engendering new, healthier patterns of behavior that, over time, become automatized and manifest in changes in personality traits. Nevertheless, a bottom-up model for changing personality traits is somewhat diffuse and requires clearer integration of theory and relevant interventions to enable real clinical application. As such, this article proposes a set of guiding principles for theory-driven modification of targeted personality traits using a bottom-up approach, focusing specifically on targeting the trait of conscientiousness using a relevant behavioral intervention, Behavioral Activation (BA), considered within the motivational framework of expectancy value theory (EVT). We conclude with a real case example of the application of BA to alter behaviors counter to conscientiousness in a substance-dependent patient, highlighting the EVT principles most relevant to the approach and the importance and viability of a theoretically driven, bottom-up approach to changing personality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brent W Roberts
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | | | - C W Lejuez
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cluster B personality disorders are associated with behaviour and lifestyle that cause significant problems not only for the personality disordered individual but for society as well. Despite the fact that cluster B personality disorders have attracted a lot of research interest recently, their association with medical (physical health) problems is less studied, though it is anticipated that personality is clinically important and influences the outcome of somatic disease illnesses. RECENT FINDINGS Cluster B personality disorders are associated with Axis I psychiatric disorders such as addiction that have serious and life-threatening physical comorbidity. Lifestyle and health behaviours associated with cluster B personality disorders lead to medical problems and enhance preexisting physical problems. Furthermore, personality traits associated with cluster B personality disorders disrupt both medical treatment and follow-up, influencing negatively life expectancy and quality of life. SUMMARY It is imperative that clinicians of all medical specialties are aware of the influence personality disorders and certain personality traits such as impulsivity can have on the outcome of the illness. Further research on the interaction between personality disorders and medical illness is needed.
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Bornovalova MA, Hicks BM, Iacono WG, McGue M. Longitudinal twin study of borderline personality disorder traits and substance use in adolescence: developmental change, reciprocal effects, and genetic and environmental influences. Personal Disord 2012; 4:23-32. [PMID: 22642461 DOI: 10.1037/a0027178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Although the comorbidity between borderline personality disorder (BPD) and substance abuse is well established, there are few longitudinal studies that have examined its developmental origins or whether the comorbidity is due to common genetic or environmental risk factors. To fill this gap, we used a large sample of female adolescent twins (N = 1,280) to examine the developmental course, reciprocal influences, and the genetic and environmental factors underlying the co-occurrence of BPD traits and substance use from age 14 to 18. Rank-order stability was moderate to high for both BPD traits (r = .58) and substance use (r = .51), whereas mean levels of substance use increased substantially from age 14 to 18 (d = 0.77) and BPD traits showed a small decline (d = -0.21). BPD traits and substance use exhibited concurrent and prospective associations; however, the longitudinal associations dropped to nonsignificance after accounting for the temporal stability of each trait. Twin analyses revealed that shared environmental factors accounted for the association between BPD traits and substance use at age 14, but genetic factors accounted for the association at age 18. These results indicate that, at least in adolescence, the comorbidity between BPD traits and substance use is a consequence of common risk factors rather than due to one being a casual antecedent of the other.
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Fenton MC, Keyes K, Geier T, Greenstein E, Skodol A, Krueger B, Grant BF, Hasin DS. Psychiatric comorbidity and the persistence of drug use disorders in the United States. Addiction 2012; 107:599-609. [PMID: 21883607 PMCID: PMC3260401 DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03638.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS DSM-IV drug use disorders, a major public health problem, are highly comorbid with other psychiatric disorders, but little is known about the role of this comorbidity when studied prospectively in the general population. Our aims were to determine the role of comorbid psychopathology in the 3-year persistence of drug use disorders. DESIGN AND SETTING Secondary data analysis using waves 1 (2001-02) and 2 (2005-05) of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. PARTICIPANTS Respondents with current DSM-IV drug use disorder at wave 1 who participated in wave 2 (n = 613). MEASUREMENTS Alcohol Use Disorders and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule IV (AUDADIS-IV) obtained DSM-IV Axis I and II diagnoses. Persistent drug use disorder was defined as meeting full criteria for any drug use disorder between waves 1 and 2. FINDINGS Drug use disorders persisted in 30.9% of respondents. No Axis I disorders predicted persistence. Antisocial [odds ratio (OR) = 2.75; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.27-5.99], borderline (OR = 1.91; 95% CI: 1.06-3.45) and schizotypal (OR = 2.77; 95% CI: 1.42-5.39) personality disorders were significant predictors of persistent drug use disorders, controlling for demographics, psychiatric comorbidity, family history, treatment and number of drug use disorders. Deceitfulness and lack of remorse were the strongest antisocial criteria predictors of drug use disorder persistence, identity disturbance and self-damaging impulsivity were the strongest borderline criteria predictors, and ideas of reference and social anxiety were the strongest schizotypal criteria predictors. CONCLUSIONS Antisocial, borderline and schizotypal personality disorders are specific predictors of drug use disorder persistence over a 3-year period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam C Fenton
- Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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36
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Maruotti A, Rocci R. A mixed non-homogeneous hidden Markov model for categorical data, with application to alcohol consumption. Stat Med 2012; 31:871-86. [DOI: 10.1002/sim.4478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Revised: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonello Maruotti
- Dipartimento di Istituzioni Pubbliche, Economia e Società; Università di Roma Tre; Rome; Italy
| | - Roberto Rocci
- Dipartimento di Studi Economico-Finanziari e Metodi Quantitativi; Università di Roma “Tor Vergata”; Rome; Italy
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Feldman M, Kumar VK, Angelini F, Pekala RJ, Porter J. Individual Differences in Substance Preference and Substance Use. JOURNAL OF ADDICTIONS & OFFENDER COUNSELING 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2161-1874.2007.tb00023.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Katz LY, Cox BJ, Clara IP, Oleski J, Sacevich T. Substance abuse versus dependence and the structure of common mental disorders. Compr Psychiatry 2011; 52:638-43. [PMID: 21295775 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2010.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Revised: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 1999, using data from the National Comorbidity Survey (NCS), Krueger presented a model that gave a novel taxonomic approach to mental disorders and their core psychopathologies. He proposed that the relationships among 10 common mental disorders could be understood in a factor structure composed of higher-order "Internalizing" and "Externalizing" factors, with the Internalizing factor subdivided into an "Anxious-Misery" subfactor and a "Fear" subfactor. However, Krueger did not include all of the mental disorders assessed in the NCS. The objective of the current study was to examine how alcohol abuse and drug abuse compare to alcohol dependence and drug dependence in Krueger's model. METHOD The sample for this research was the 8098 noninstitutionalized US civilians aged 15 to 54 years who participated in the NCS between 1990 and 1992. The data from the NCS were analyzed using confirmatory factor analyses. RESULTS Alcohol abuse and drug abuse loaded on both the Anxious-Misery subfactor and the Externalizing factor and were distinct from alcohol dependence and drug dependence. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with drug abuse and alcohol abuse constitute a different population than individuals with drug dependence and alcohol dependence and have a different pattern of comorbidities. This suggests that underlying etiologies may vary between these 2 groups, leading to different approaches for both research and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Y Katz
- Department of Psychiatry, PsycHealth Centre, University of Manitoba, PZ-162, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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Jahng S, Trull TJ, Wood PK, Tragesser SL, Tomko R, Grant JD, Bucholz KK, Sher KJ. Distinguishing general and specific personality disorder features and implications for substance dependence comorbidity. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2011; 120:656-69. [PMID: 21604829 PMCID: PMC4241053 DOI: 10.1037/a0023539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and population-based samples show high comorbidity between Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) and Axis II Personality Disorders (PDs). However, Axis II disorders are frequently comorbid with each other, and existing research has generally failed to distinguish the extent to which SUD/PD comorbidity is general or specific with respect to both specific types of PDs and specific types of SUDs. We sought to determine whether ostensibly specific comorbid substance dependence-Axis II diagnoses (e.g., alcohol use dependence and borderline personality disorder) are reflective of more pervasive or general personality pathology or whether the comorbidity is specific to individual PDs. Face-to-face interview data from Wave 1 and Wave 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions were analyzed. Participants included 34,653 adults living in households in the United States. We used hierarchical factor models to statistically partition general and specific personality disorder dimensions while simultaneously testing for specific PD-substance dependence relations. Results indicated that substance dependence-Axis II comorbidity is characterized by general (pervasive) pathology and by Cluster B PD pathology over and above the relationship to the general PD factor. Further, these relations between PD factors and substance dependence diagnoses appeared to largely account for the comorbidity among substance dependence diagnoses in the younger but not older participants. Our findings suggest that a failure to consider the general PD factor, which we interpret as reflecting interpersonal dysfunction, can lead to potential mischaracterizations of the nature of certain PD and SUD comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungmin Jahng
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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40
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Littlefield AK, Agrawal A, Ellingson JM, Kristjansson S, Madden PAF, Bucholz KK, Slutske WS, Heath AC, Sher KJ. Does variance in drinking motives explain the genetic overlap between personality and alcohol use disorder symptoms? A twin study of young women. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2011; 35:2242-50. [PMID: 21790670 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2011.01574.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic risk for alcohol dependence has been shown to overlap with genetic factors contributing to variation in dimensions of personality. Although drinking motives have been posited as important mediators of the alcohol-personality relation, the extent to which the genetic covariance between alcohol use disorder (AUD) symptoms (i.e., abuse and dependence criteria) and personality is explained by genetic factors contributing to variation in drinking motives remains unclear. METHODS Using data from 2,904 young adult female twins, the phenotypic and genetic associations between personality dimensions (constraint [measured by the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire; Tellegen A, 1982 unpublished data], conscientiousness, neuroticism, and agreeableness [measured by the NEO-PI; Costa and McCrae, 1985]), internal drinking motives (enhancement and coping motives [measured by the Drinking Motive Questionnaire; Cooper, 1994]), and AUD symptoms were tested. RESULTS Significant genetic associations were found between all personality measures and AUD symptoms. Coping motives showed significant genetic overlap with AUD symptoms and most personality measures, whereas enhancement motives were not significantly heritable. Adjusting for coping motives, genetic correlations between AUD symptoms and traits of neuroticism and agreeableness were no longer statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that genetic variation in drinking to cope might account for a considerable proportion of the genetic covariance between specific personality dimensions and AUD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew K Littlefield
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, 65211-0001, USA.
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Personality disorders and cigarette smoking among adults in the United States. J Psychiatr Res 2011; 45:835-41. [PMID: 21168156 PMCID: PMC3095681 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2010] [Revised: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a paucity of empirical information pertaining to the association between personality disorders and cigarette smoking. The present study examined whether, and to what degree, personality disorders are associated with cigarette smoking; investigated the specificity of any observed smoking-personality disorder association; and the role of mood/anxiety disorders, substance use, and nicotine dependence in those relations. METHODS Data were drawn from the National Epidemiologic Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC), a nationally representative sample of 43,083 adults in the United States. RESULTS Results indicated a substantial percentage of those with personality disorders are nicotine dependent. Interestingly, the association between dependent, avoidant, histrionic, schizoid and paranoid personality disorders as well as former dependent smoking was partially explained by co-occurring mood/anxiety disorders, and adjusting for such clinical conditions appeared to generally attenuate the strength of many other associations. Finally, the association between personality disorders and smoking appears to differ by specific personality disorder, with some of the strongest relations being evident for antisocial personality disorder. DISCUSSION These novel empirical findings are discussed in relation to the relevance of cigarette smoking among those with personality disorders.
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Weafer J, Milich R, Fillmore MT. Behavioral components of impulsivity predict alcohol consumption in adults with ADHD and healthy controls. Drug Alcohol Depend 2011; 113:139-46. [PMID: 20863628 PMCID: PMC3010339 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2010] [Revised: 07/09/2010] [Accepted: 07/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The degree to which distinct behavioral components of impulsivity predict alcohol consumption is as yet not well-understood. Further, the possibility that this relation might be more pronounced in groups characterized by heightened impulsivity (i.e., individuals with ADHD) has not been tested. METHODS The current study examined the degree to which three specific behavioral components of impulsivity (i.e., poor response inhibition, poor attentional inhibition, and increased risk-taking) were associated with quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption in a group of young adult social drinkers with ADHD (n = 33) and in a comparison control group (n = 21). Participants performed the delayed ocular return task (attentional inhibition), the cued go/no-go task (behavioral inhibition), and the balloon analogue risk task (risk-taking). RESULTS Both poor behavioral inhibition and greater risk-taking were related to greater quantity of consumption in the entire sample, whereas poor attentional inhibition was related to greater quantity specifically among those with ADHD. By contrast, only risk-taking was associated with frequency of consumption, and this was found specifically in the control group. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide important information regarding the potential role of distinct behavioral components of impulsivity in drinking behavior, and highlight unique relevance of attentional impairments to drinking behavior in those with ADHD.
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Yu S, Li H, Liu W, Zheng L, Ma Y, Chen Q, Chen Y, Yu H, Lu Y, Pan B, Wang W. Alexithymia and personality disorder functioning styles in paranoid schizophrenia. Psychopathology 2011; 44:371-8. [PMID: 21847004 DOI: 10.1159/000325168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2010] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Personality disorder functioning styles might contribute to the inconclusive findings about alexithymic features in schizophrenia. We therefore studied the relationship between alexithymia and personality styles in paranoid schizophrenia. METHODS We administered the Chinese versions of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), the Parker Personality Measure (PERM), the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale as well as the Hamilton Anxiety and Depression Scales to 60 paranoid schizophrenia patients and 60 healthy control subjects. RESULTS Patients scored significantly higher on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, TAS 'difficulty identifying feelings' and 'difficulty describing feelings', Hamilton Depression Scale and most PERM scales. In healthy subjects, difficulty identifying feelings predicted the PERM 'dependent' style, and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale predicted difficulty identifying feelings and difficulty describing feelings. In patients, difficulty identifying feelings nonspecifically predicted all the PERM scales; by contrast, the PERM 'antisocial' style predicted difficulty identifying feelings, the 'avoidant' style predicted difficulty describing feelings, and the 'histrionic' and 'paranoid (-)' styles predicted 'externally oriented thinking'. CONCLUSIONS Personality disorder functioning styles - instead of anxiety, depression, psychotic symptoms or disease duration - were specifically associated with alexithymia scales in our patients, which sheds light on a cognitive-personological substrate in paranoid schizophrenia on the one hand, and calls for a longitudinal design to discover how premorbid or postacute residual personality styles contribute to the sluggish disorder on the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Ramsay CE, Abedi GR, Marson JD, Compton MT. Overview and initial validation of two detailed, multidimensional, retrospective measures of substance use: the Lifetime Substance Use Recall (LSUR) and Longitudinal Substance Use Recall for 12 Weeks (LSUR-12) Instruments. J Psychiatr Res 2011; 45:83-91. [PMID: 20488461 PMCID: PMC2925123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2010] [Revised: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Research on comorbidities between substance use disorders and serious mental illnesses would be facilitated by new methods for collecting comprehensive data on substance use, including data on onset, progression, frequency, amounts, and consequential behaviors. Given substantial limitations of available instruments, and a nearly complete absence of methodologies that allow derivation of continuous measures that estimate dose or cumulative exposure, this report describes the development and initial validation of two interviewer-administered, multidimensional measures of substance use, the Lifetime Substance Use Recall (LSUR) and Longitudinal Substance Use Recall for 12 Weeks (LSUR-12) Instruments. Participants (n=60) in an ongoing study of first-episode psychosis were evaluated with the LSUR, LSUR-12, and a number of other concurrent measures pertaining to substance use, substance use disorder diagnoses, select demographic features, and two personality traits. Specific a priori hypothesis tests were selected to demonstrate validity, relying on effect sizes to estimate strengths of association, considering small-to-medium correlations (e.g., ρ) as |.20-.50| and medium-to-large effect sizes as >|.50|. Numerous associations were observed between key nicotine-, alcohol-, and cannabis-related variables from the LSUR and LSUR-12 and scores from other concurrently administered measures. These findings provide a thorough initial validation of scores obtained with the new multidimensional instruments. Although validity of the two new measures of lifetime and past 12-week substance use was demonstrated, empirical data on inter-rater and test-retest reliability are needed. Careful development, and demonstration of psychometric properties, of these and related instruments may advance the fields of addiction and comorbidity research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E Ramsay
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
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Castellanos-Ryan N, Rubia K, Conrod PJ. Response inhibition and reward response bias mediate the predictive relationships between impulsivity and sensation seeking and common and unique variance in conduct disorder and substance misuse. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2010; 35:140-55. [PMID: 21039636 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01331.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disinhibited traits, assessed both at the self-report and at the cognitive/behavioral levels, have been frequently implicated in externalizing behaviors, such as conduct disorder (CD), binge drinking, and drug use. However, self-report measures of disinhibition, such as impulsivity (IMP) and sensation seeking (SS), and cognitive measures of disinhibition are not often studied together in the same participants. Thus, it is still unclear how cognitive measures such as response inhibition and reward response bias relate to self-report measures of IMP and SS, and whether they can explain some of the association found between these self-report measures and specific facets of externalizing problems. METHODS The aim of this study was to assess whether cognitive measures of disinhibition relate to self-report measures of disinhibition and can mediate the specific relationships between self-report measures of disinhibition and CD symptoms, binge drinking and drug use in adolescence. Seventy-six adolescents were assessed on personality, substance use, and conduct problems every 6 months from 14 to 16 years of age and completed a test battery that included a Stop task, rewarded go/no-go task, digit span, and intelligence quotient tests at 16 years of age. RESULTS Multiple regression analyses showed that self-report IMP at 14 and deficits in response inhibition were associated with a 2-year average CD symptoms score and that deficits in response inhibition partially mediated the association between self-report IMP and CD symptoms (ab = 0.018 CI: 0.00002 to 0.04827). In contrast, SS and reward response bias were significantly associated with the unique variance in binge drinking, and that part of the overlap between SS and binge drinking was mediated by reward response bias (ab = 0.019, CI: 0.00131 to 0.04662). CONCLUSIONS Findings show a dissociation between inhibitory measures associated with CD symptoms and those associated with binge drinking, with "cool" inhibitory and executive functions being associated with CD but "hot," reward-related disinhibition measures being specific mediators between SS and binge drinking. The findings support the theoretical conceptualization for dual cognitive/motivational pathways of disinhibition, in this case IMP and SS, and their unique association with externalizing behavior in adolescence.
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Rose AK, Mason-Li M, Nicholas D, Hobbs M. A new test to measure attentional bias and cognitive disinhibition in drinkers, based on the Hayling task. Alcohol Alcohol 2010; 45:501-6. [PMID: 20876218 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agq062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To generate and pilot unfinished sentences, based on the Hayling Task of disinhibition, which could be completed with alcohol or non-alcohol words. To determine whether drinking habits influenced responses on the new sentences, which may advance understanding of the cognitive processes underlying alcohol-related behaviours. METHODS Three phases: I-Generation of appropriate sentences (via email correspondence); II-Sentence completion to establish proportion of alcohol-related and non-alcohol-related responses; III-A Hayling-style task using the sentences (laboratory-based). During the Hayling task, sentences were completed with the first word that came to mind (initiation task), and with a word that did not make semantic sense (inhibition task). In Phase III, the alcohol use disorder identification test (AUDIT) was also completed to determine whether drinking habits were related to responses. RESULTS Fifteen sentences were generated and tested. Compared with low hazardous drinkers, higher hazardous drinkers gave more alcohol-related responses; persisted in giving alcohol responses in the inhibition task; and were slower to make non-alcohol-related responses. A positive correlation was found between AUDIT score and number of alcohol-related responses. CONCLUSIONS A new alcohol-related sentence-completion tool, based upon the Hayling disinhibition task, was developed and piloted. Responses on the task were associated with measures of alcohol use disorders. The task can be used in research investigating the processes underlying the acute and chronic effects of alcohol, such as attentional bias and disinhibition. In future, the task could be used in conjunction with non-alcohol-related sentence completion tasks to investigate general and alcohol-specific processes of disinhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Rose
- School of Psychology, Bedford Street South, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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Littlefield AK, Sher KJ, Steinley D. Developmental trajectories of impulsivity and their association with alcohol use and related outcomes during emerging and young adulthood I. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2010; 34:1409-16. [PMID: 20528822 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01224.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research has documented normative patterns of personality change during emerging and young adulthood that reflect decreases in traits associated with substance use, such as impulsivity. However, evidence suggests variability in these developmental changes. METHODS This study examined trajectories of impulsivity and their association with substance use and related problems from ages 18 to 35. Analyses were based on data collected from a cohort of college students (N = 489), at high and low risk for AUDs, first assessed as freshmen at a large, public university. RESULTS Mixture modeling identified five trajectory groups that differed in baseline levels of impulsivity and developmental patterns of change. Notably, the trajectory group that exhibited the sharpest declines in impulsivity tended to display accelerated decreases in alcohol involvement from ages 18 to 25 compared to the other impulsivity groups. CONCLUSION Findings highlight the developmental nature of impulsivity across emerging and young adulthood and provide an empirical framework to identify key covariates of individual changes of impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew K Littlefield
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia and Midwest Alcoholism Research Center, Columbia, Missouri 65211-0001, USA.
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Pulay AJ, Stinson FS, Ruan WJ, Smith SM, Pickering RP, Dawson DA, Grant BF. The relationship of DSM-IV personality disorders to nicotine dependence-results from a national survey. Drug Alcohol Depend 2010; 108:141-5. [PMID: 20079976 PMCID: PMC2836161 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2009] [Revised: 11/25/2009] [Accepted: 12/01/2009] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the prevalence of nicotine dependence (ND) and its associations with DSM-IV personality disorders (PDs) among current smokers (n=7078), controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and comorbid Axis I and II disorders. Data were derived from a nationally representative sample of the U.S. population. Although all PDs were significantly associated with ND when sociodemographic factors were controlled, only schizotypal, borderline, narcissistic and obsessive-compulsive PDs were associated with ND after adding controls for Axis I and other Axis II disorders. These associations remained significant after controlling for degree of smoking exposure. The results suggest that both shared and PD-specific pathogenetic factors underlie these PD-ND associations. Implications are also discussed in terms of the relationship between personality features of schizotypal, borderline, narcissistic and obsessive-compulsive PDs and the self-medication hypothesis and the role of neurotransmission.
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Solomon TM, Kiang MV, Halkitis PN, Moeller RW, Pappas MK. Personality traits and mental health states of methamphetamine-dependent and methamphetamine non-using MSM. Addict Behav 2010; 35:161-3. [PMID: 19786324 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2009.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2009] [Revised: 07/30/2009] [Accepted: 09/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This analysis considers the relation between personality traits, mental health states and methamphetamine (MA) use in 60 men who have sex with men (MSM). Thirty MA-dependent and 30 MA non-using MSM were assessed on the Neo Five Factor Inventory, the Brief Symptom Inventory, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian Version tests. Our results indicate differences between groups on a variety of measures of personality traits and mental states. Specifically, MA-dependent participants were found to be more Neurotic, less Open, less Agreeable, and less Conscientious. Further, MA-dependent participants were found to have higher levels of Paranoid Ideation and higher levels of Interpersonal Sensitivity. Given the high prevalence of MA use in the MSM community and the association between MA use and sexual risk taking, our findings provided a clearer understanding of how individual personality traits may be a factor in the continued use of this drug among MSM. Further research should seek to incorporate individual personality traits into the development of efficacious MA-specific treatment interventions.
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Abstract
This study investigated whether deficits in mindfulness (attention, awareness, and acceptance of the present moment) underlie variability in borderline personality disorder (BPD) features and related impairments in interpersonal functioning, impulsivity, and emotion regulation. A path analytic approach was used to examine the relationships of trait mindfulness with BPD features, interpersonal effectiveness, impulsive and passive emotion-regulation, and neuroticism in a psychiatric sample of adults (N = 70). As hypothesized, mindfulness was associated inversely with BPD features and core areas of dysfunction, and these associations continued when controlling for neuroticism. Furthermore, mindfulness deficits continued to predict BPD features even when interpersonal effectiveness, passive and impulsive emotion-regulation, and neuroticism were controlled. These findings suggest that mindfulness may be a unique predictor for the expression of BPD pathology. An emphasis on mindfulness may thus be crucial in enhancing the formulation and treatment of BPD.
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