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Meyer Z, Unger JB, Zheng Y. Gene-environment transactions between peer cigarette use, parental supervision, and Chinese adolescent cigarette smoking initiation. J Adolesc 2024; 96:1034-1047. [PMID: 38445782 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The initiation and continued use of tobacco products constitute an ongoing source of preventable disease that continues to pose a significant risk to global adolescent health. Scarce research has sought to explore the influences of two well-known environmental risk factors, parental supervision and peer cigarette use, on genetic and environmental contributions to adolescent cigarette use, especially in non-Western populations. METHODS Following 602 Chinese twin pairs (52% female, N = 1204) from early to middle adolescence at two-time points (Mage = 12 and 15) from 2006 to 2009 and using multivariate biometric modeling, this study examined gene-environment interplay (i.e., gene-environment correlation and interaction) between perceived parental supervision, peer cigarette use, and adolescent cigarette smoking initiation. RESULTS From early to middle adolescence, genetic influences on cigarette smoking initiation became more pronounced, whereas shared environmental influences that promote similarity between family members diminished. Genetic factors primarily explained the links between parental supervision and cigarette smoking initiation in mid-adolescence. Peer cigarette use displayed stronger associations with and moderating potential in adolescent cigarette smoking initiation than parental supervision. High levels of peer cigarette use amplified genetic risk for cigarette smoking initiation in mid-adolescence. CONCLUSIONS Chinese adolescent cigarette smoking initiation involves dynamic gene-environment transactions primarily with peer processes over development. Mid-adolescence constitutes a developmental period wherein underlying genetic risk for cigarette smoking initiation is particularly sensitive to peer influences. Targeted interventions aimed at reducing Chinese adolescent cigarette smoking initiation should focus on peer processes during this developmental period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Meyer
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jennifer B Unger
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yao Zheng
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
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2
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Mehanović E, Mathis F, Brambilla R, Faggiano F, Galanti MR, Vigna-Taglianti F. Do the socioeconomic context and the European geographical area modify parental influences on smoking experimentation among adolescents? Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 30:105-115. [PMID: 32080764 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-020-01489-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent smoking is a major public health problem. While the socioeconomic status (SES) of the neighbourhood and that of the family are known to play a role in smoking onset and progression, it is not clear whether it modifies the association between parental influences and adolescent behaviour. The purpose of this study is to investigate family correlates of adolescent smoking experimentation and to explore the modifying role of socioeconomic context and European geographical area in a sample of European adolescents. This is a secondary analysis of the baseline survey of the European Drug Addiction Prevention (EU-Dap) trial which took place in seven European countries and involved 7079 students. School SES was used as indicator of socioeconomic context. European countries were aggregated in two geographical areas: North-Central and South. The associations between parental, family factors, and adolescents smoking experimentation were analysed through multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression models, stratified by school SES and European geographical area. Parental smoking, permissiveness towards tobacco, family conflicts, problematic relationships, low connectedness, and low parental control were significantly associated with adolescent smoking experimentation. Paternal smoking was a stronger correlate of adolescent smoking in low SES schools, while maternal smoking in high SES schools. Parental permissiveness was a stronger correlate in low SES schools. Family conflicts and low parental control were correlates only in low SES schools. The associations did not substantially differ between European geographical areas, with the exception of parental smoking that was a stronger correlate in the North, and parental control that was a correlate only in the South of Europe. To reduce inequalities in tobacco-related outcomes, prevention efforts in low socioeconomic contexts appear to be a public health priority. Parental smoking, permissiveness, family relationships, and connectedness should be addressed in preventive programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emina Mehanović
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043, Orbassano, Turin, Italy. .,Piedmont Centre for Drug Addiction Epidemiology, ASL TO3, Via Sabaudia 164, 10095, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy.
| | - Federica Mathis
- Piedmont Centre for Drug Addiction Epidemiology, ASL TO3, Via Sabaudia 164, 10095, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Romeo Brambilla
- Piedmont Centre for Drug Addiction Epidemiology, ASL TO3, Via Sabaudia 164, 10095, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Faggiano
- Department of Translational Medicine, Avogadro University, Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Galanti
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 1E (Torsplan), 11365, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Epidemiology and Community Health, Solnavägen 1E (Torsplan), 11365, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Federica Vigna-Taglianti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043, Orbassano, Turin, Italy.,Piedmont Centre for Drug Addiction Epidemiology, ASL TO3, Via Sabaudia 164, 10095, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
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Cui Y, Forget EL, Zhu Y, Torabi M, Oguzoglu U. The effects of cigarette price and the amount of pocket money on youth smoking initiation and intensity in Canada. Canadian Journal of Public Health 2018; 110:93-102. [PMID: 30168041 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-018-0123-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the price and income elasticities of adolescent smoking initiation and intensity to determine the extent to which increased pocket money leads to greater smoking among youth, and whether higher taxes can mitigate this effect. METHODS We used the 2012/2013 Canadian Youth Smoking Survey including students in grades 7-12. The multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the probability of smoking initiation, and a linear regression to examine the smoking intensity determined by province-level prices of cigarettes, pocket money, and a vector of individual characteristics, including age, sex, race, and school-related and psychosocial factors. RESULTS Of respondents, 28.8% have tried cigarette smoking. More than 90% of these initiated smoking between age 9 and 17. Male smokers consumed a higher average number of whole cigarettes daily than did females. The price elasticity of smoking initiation and intensity for youth in the full sample were - 1.13 and - 1.02, respectively, which means that a 10% increase in price leads to an 11.3% reduction in initiation and a 10.2% reduction in intensity. The income elasticity of smoking initiation and intensity for youth in the full sample were 0.07 and 0.06, respectively, which means that a 10% increase in income leads to a 0.7% increase in initiation and a 0.6% increase in intensity. CONCLUSION Economic measures such as taxation that raise the price of cigarettes may be a useful policy tool to limit smoking initiation and intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cui
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0T6, Canada. .,George & Fay Yee Centre for Healthcare Innovation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Evelyn L Forget
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0T6, Canada.,Department of Economics, Faculty of Arts, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Yunfa Zhu
- Statistics Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mahmoud Torabi
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0T6, Canada
| | - Umut Oguzoglu
- Department of Economics, Faculty of Arts, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Bergagna E, Tartaglia S. The relation of modelling and the perception of parental care with adolescent smoking: a cross-sectional study. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/17405629.2018.1455581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Bergagna
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
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Pre-adolescent Receptivity to Tobacco Marketing and Its Relationship to Acquiring Friends Who Smoke and Cigarette Smoking Initiation. Ann Behav Med 2018; 51:730-740. [PMID: 28255935 DOI: 10.1007/s12160-017-9896-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study extends research on receptivity to tobacco marketing over a key developmental period for cigarette smoking experimentation. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to understand the effect of receptivity to tobacco marketing and exposure to friends who smoke on smoking experimentation. METHODS Participants were 10 to 13 years old who had never tried cigarettes (n = 878), interviewed six times at 8-month intervals. RESULTS At baseline, 25% percent of the 10 and 11 years old in the sample of never smokers were receptive to tobacco marketing, while less than 5% had friends who smoked. Having a friend who smoked at study baseline and acquiring such friends for the first time during the study were the strongest predictors of smoking experimentation. Initial receptivity to tobacco marketing increased the risk of smoking experimentation independently of having friends who smoke at baseline or acquiring friends who smoke throughout the study period. CONCLUSIONS The high level of receptivity observed even among 10 and 11 years old and its robust relationship with cigarette smoking experimentation independent of the significant risk associated with having friends who smoke suggests that successful prevention of receptivity may require intervention at an early age.
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Scalici F, Schulz PJ. Parents' and peers' normative influence on adolescents' smoking: results from a Swiss-Italian sample of middle schools students. SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT PREVENTION AND POLICY 2017; 12:5. [PMID: 28109189 PMCID: PMC5251233 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-017-0089-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND METHOD Adolescents observe and imitate people to whom they are associated in their social context, and the normative factors sent out by reference groups are crucial determinants of their decision to smoke. The aim of the study is to investigate how adolescents' smoking changes when they are exposed to factors of pro-smoking normative influence by parents and peers, and how age moderate this relation. A cross sectional survey collected data from 5657 students, aged between 11 and 14, from public and private middle schools in the Italian region of Switzerland (Ticino) on their smoking habits, perceived parents' and peers' approval and smoking. RESULTS Multinomial logistic regression show that, as adolescents get older, more of the pro-smoking factors come from peers and parents, the higher the risk gets of being a "heavy smoker" has compared against having no experience with smoking. Living in a context with no factor of normative influence toward smoking play a protective role against smoking, and this effect becomes more important than more harmful the smoking behavior in question is. Furthermore, peers' descriptive norms are more influential for adolescents to become "light" and "heavy smokers", while smoking being approved by peers is important for adolescents to become accustomed to smoking. CONCLUSIONS Findings support the different influence of parents' and peers' norms on adolescents' smoking, and highlight the importance of peers' model behavior as the most important factor influencing smoking during adolescence. Such results have implications for programs that aim to prevent or reduce smoking in early adolescence when friendship choice starts to become crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Scalici
- Institute of Communication and Health, Università della svizzera italiana, Via Giuseppe Buffi 13, CH-6904, Lugano, Switzerland.
| | - Peter J Schulz
- Institute of Communication and Health, Università della svizzera italiana, Via Giuseppe Buffi 13, CH-6904, Lugano, Switzerland
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Nyambe A, Van Hal G, Kampen JK. Screening and vaccination as determined by the Social Ecological Model and the Theory of Triadic Influence: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:1166. [PMID: 27855680 PMCID: PMC5114823 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3802-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccination and screening are forms of primary and secondary prevention methods. These methods are recommended for controlling the spread of a vast number of diseases and conditions. To determine the most effective preventive methods to be used by a society, multi-level models have shown to be more effective than models that focus solely on individual level characteristics. The Social Ecological Model (SEM) and the Theory of Triadic Influence (TTI) are such models. The purpose of this systematic review was to identify main differences and similarities of SEM and TTI regarding screening and vaccination in order to prepare potentially successful prevention programs for practice. METHODS A systematic review was conducted. Separate literature searches were performed during January and February 2015 using Medline, Ovid, Proquest, PubMed, University of Antwerp Discovery Service and Web of Science, for articles that apply the SEM and TTI. A Data Extraction Form with mostly closed-end questions was developed to assist with data extraction. Aggregate descriptive statistics were utilized to summarize the general characteristics of the SEM and TTI as documented in the scientific literature. RESULTS A total of 290 potentially relevant articles referencing the SEM were found. As for the TTI, a total of 131 potentially relevant articles were found. After strict evaluation for inclusion and exclusion criteria, 40 SEM studies and 46 TTI studies were included in the systematic review. CONCLUSIONS The SEM and TTI are theoretical frameworks that share many theoretical concepts and are relevant for several types of health behaviors. However, they differ in the structure of the model, and in how the variables are thought to interact with each other, the TTI being a matrix while the SEM has a ring structure. The main difference consists of the division of the TTI into levels of causation (ultimate, distal and proximal) which are not considered within the levels of the SEM. It was further found that in the articles studied in this systematic review, both models are often considered effective, while the empirical basis of these (and other) conclusions reached by their authors is in many cases unclear or incompletely specified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anayawa Nyambe
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Guido Van Hal
- Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jarl K. Kampen
- Biometris, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- StatUA (Core Facility for Statistical Analysis), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Lowe K, Escoffery C, Mertens AC, Berg CJ. Distinct health behavior and psychosocial profiles of young adult survivors of childhood cancers: a mixed methods study. J Cancer Surviv 2016; 10:619-32. [PMID: 26688575 PMCID: PMC4915965 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-015-0508-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We used a mixed-methods approach to examine health behavior profiles of young adult cancer survivors and characterize related sociodemographic and psychosocial factors. METHODS We conducted a mail-based survey assessing sociodemographics, cancer treatment, health behaviors (e.g., tobacco use, physical activity), healthcare provider interactions, and psychosocial factors (e.g., Profile of Moods States [POMS]) among 106 young adult survivors from a southeastern cancer center and semi-structured interviews among a subset of 26. RESULTS A k-means cluster analysis using eight health behaviors yielded three distinct health behavior profiles: high risk (n = 25), moderate risk (n = 39), and low risk (n = 40). High risks had the highest current alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use; physical activity; and number of sexual partners (p's < 0.001). They had higher symptoms of POMS tension-anxiety, depression-dejection, fatigue-inertia, and confusion-bewilderment (p's < 0.05). Moderate risks had lowest physical activity (p < 0.05) but otherwise had moderate health behaviors. Low risks had the lowest alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use and fewest sexual partners (p's < 0.05). They had the lowest levels of tension-anxiety, depression-dejection, fatigue-inertia, and confusion-bewilderment (p's < 0.05). Qualitative interviews showed that cancer had a range of effects on health behaviors and variable experiences regarding how healthcare providers address these behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Assessing health behavior profiles, rather than individual health behaviors, is informative in characterizing young adult cancer survivors and targeting survivorship care. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS Young adult cancer survivors demonstrate distinct health behavior profiles and are differentially impacted by the experience of cancer. Healthcare providers should be consistently intervening to ensure that survivors understand their specific health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kincaid Lowe
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Emory University School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Cam Escoffery
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Emory University School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Ann C Mertens
- Aflac Cancer Center/Department of Pediatrics, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Woodruff Health Sciences Center, Emory University, 1440 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Carla J Berg
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Emory University School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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Sznitman SR, Zlotnick C, Harel-Fisch Y. Normalisation theory: Does it accurately describe temporal changes in adolescent drunkenness and smoking? Drug Alcohol Rev 2015; 35:424-32. [DOI: 10.1111/dar.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cheryl Zlotnick
- The Cheryl Spencer Department of Nursing; University of Haifa; Haifa Israel
| | - Yossi Harel-Fisch
- The International Research Program on Adolescent Well-Being and Health; School of Education Faculty of Social Sciences; Bar-Ilan University; Ramat Gan Israel
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Subramaniam M, Shahwan S, Fauziana R, Satghare P, Picco L, Vaingankar JA, Chong SA. Perspectives on Smoking Initiation and Maintenance: A Qualitative Exploration among Singapore Youth. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:8956-70. [PMID: 26264011 PMCID: PMC4555258 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120808956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Studies among adolescents have shown that several important interpersonal, intrapersonal and environmental factors are associated with smoking behaviour. The current qualitative research project aimed to explore the determinants of smoking initiation and maintenance, from a youth perspective, among young people who smoked, living in a multi-ethnic Asian country. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with youths in Singapore in youth-friendly and accessible locations. Young people, from a variety of social contexts-varying on age, gender, ethnicity and educational level, were included in the study. All FGDs were conducted in English and participants were recruited using a mix of network and purposive sampling. All FGDs were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. The data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis, allowing themes to emerge from the data with the goal of answering the research question. Ninety-one youth smokers (54 males, 37 females), aged between 14 to 29 years, participated in the study. The majority were males (59%) and of Chinese ethnicity (52%). Participants identified multiple personal, social, and familial influences on young adults' smoking behaviors. Peer and family influences, as well as risk minimization, played a key role in smoking initiation and maintenance. While young people were aware of policies that restricted smoking, these did not directly affect their decision to start smoking. The theory of triadic influence provided a promising theoretical framework to understand smoking initiation and maintenance in a sample of young adult smokers from a multi-ethnic Asian country. It also provides actionable information for initiatives to prevent smoking in young people, which includes their perspectives and emphasizes an inclusive approach without stigmatizing those who smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mythily Subramaniam
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, 539747, Singapore.
| | - Shazana Shahwan
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, 539747, Singapore.
| | - Restria Fauziana
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, 539747, Singapore.
| | - Pratika Satghare
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, 539747, Singapore.
| | - Louisa Picco
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, 539747, Singapore.
| | - Janhavi Ajit Vaingankar
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, 539747, Singapore.
| | - Siow Ann Chong
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, 539747, Singapore.
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Holman LR, Bricker JB, Comstock BA. Psychological predictors of male smokeless tobacco use initiation and cessation: a 16-year longitudinal study. Addiction 2013; 108:1327-35. [PMID: 23607490 PMCID: PMC3679343 DOI: 10.1111/add.12164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To test whether psychological factors predict male smokeless tobacco (SLT) initiation and cessation longitudinally. DESIGN Sixteen-year longitudinal design with 95% retention at year 6 and 82% at year 16. SETTING Forty Washington State school districts. PARTICIPANTS SLT use data were gathered on a cohort of adolescents (91% Caucasian). For SLT initiation, the sample size was 2468. For SLT cessation, sample sizes were 219 (age 20 outcome) and 192 (age 28 outcome). MEASUREMENTS Self-reported psychological measures of parental disobedience ('parent non-compliance'), peer influence ('friend compliance'), rebelliousness and thrill-seeking were taken at ages 12 and 18. SLT use was measured at ages 12, 18, 20 and 28 years. FINDINGS For SLT initiation, scoring highly on the following psychological factors at age 12 at least doubled the odds of daily SLT use at age 18 (P < 0.001): friend compliance [odds ratio (OR): 2.56, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.78-3.68), rebelliousness (OR: 2.16, 95% CI: 1.46-3.19) and thrill-seeking (OR: 2.33, 95% CI: 1.45-3.75). For SLT cessation, none of the psychological factors at age 18 predicted SLT cessation at age 20 or 28 (P value range: 0.06-0.84). CONCLUSION Peer influence, rebelliousness, and thrill-seeking appear to predict smokeless tobacco initiation strongly among male youth in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leela R. Holman
- Cancer Prevention Research Program, Division of Public Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States,Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Jonathan B. Bricker
- Cancer Prevention Research Program, Division of Public Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States,Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Bryan A. Comstock
- Cancer Prevention Research Program, Division of Public Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States,Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
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Effect of a smoking ban and school-based prevention and control policies on adolescent smoking in Spain: a multilevel analysis. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2013; 13:574-83. [PMID: 22918603 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-012-0283-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the impact of a smoking ban in schools and of school-based smoking prevention and control policies on adolescent smoking. Annual surveys carried out between 2001 and 2005 that were representative of students in the 4th year of secondary education in the Madrid region, with 203 schools and 9127 students participating. The student questionnaire gathered information about personal and family variables. The contextual factors were: the periods before (years 2001-2002) and after the law; and through a survey of school management boards: compliance with the law, policy reflected in the school regulations, existence of complaints against smoking, and undertaking of educational activities regarding smoking. Multilevel logistic regression models were constructed with two dependent variables: current smoking and the proportion giving up smoking. Smoking declined in 2003, the first year after the law came into force (Odds ratio: 0.80; CI 95%: 0.66-0.96), and this decline was maintained in 2005. By contrast, smoking increased in those schools that did not undertake educational programmes regarding smoking (Odds ratio: 1.34; CI 95%: 1.13-1.59), and in those that received complaints about smoking (Odds ratio: 1.12; CI 95%: 0.96-1.29). This association is partly due to the effect of the increase in giving up smoking. The inclusion of contextual variables into the model with the individual factors reduces the variability of smoking between schools by 32.6%. In summary, the coming into force of a law banning smoking in schools, and the implementing of educational policies for the prevention and control of smoking are related to a lower risk of adolescent smoking.
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Mahabee-Gittens EM, Xiao Y, Gordon JS, Khoury JC. The dynamic role of parental influences in preventing adolescent smoking initiation. Addict Behav 2013; 38:1905-11. [PMID: 23380496 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As adolescents grow, protective parental influences become less important and peer influences take precedence in adolescent's initiation of smoking. It is unknown how and when this occurs. We sought to: prospectively estimate incidence rates of smoking initiation from late childhood through mid-adolescence, identify important risk and protective parental influences on smoking initiation, and examine their dynamic nature in order to identify key ages. METHODS Longitudinal data from the National Survey of Parents and Youth of 8 nationally representative age cohorts (9-16 years) of never smokers in the U.S. were used (N=5705 dyads at baseline). Analysis involved a series of lagged logistic regression models using a cohort-sequential design. RESULTS The mean sample cumulative incidence rates of tobacco use increased from 1.8% to 22.5% between the 9 and 16 years old age cohorts. Among risk factors, peer smoking was the most important across all ages; 11-15 year-olds who spent time with peers who smoked had 2 to 6.5 times higher odds of initiating smoking. Parent-youth connectedness significantly decreased the odds of smoking initiation by 14-37% in 11-14 year-olds; parental monitoring and punishment for smoking decreased the odds of smoking initiation risk by 36-59% in 10-15 year-olds, and by 15-28% in 12-14 year-olds, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Parental influences are important in protecting against smoking initiation across adolescence. At the same time, association with peers who smoke is a very strong risk factor. Our findings provide empirical evidence to suggest that in order to prevent youth from initiating smoking, parents should be actively involved in their adolescents' lives and guard them against association with peers who smoke.
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Bricker JB, Schiff L, Comstock BA. Does avoidant coping influence young adults' smoking?: a ten-year longitudinal study. Nicotine Tob Res 2011; 13:998-1002. [PMID: 21543547 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntr074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Young adults who avoid their emotions may be at risk for starting smoking or not quitting smoking. This study investigated whether a preliminary measure of avoidant coping longitudinally predicts young adults' smoking escalation and cessation. METHODS In a sample of the 3,305 participants, originally from Washington State, a preliminary measure of self-reported avoidant coping at age 18 was used to predict both smoking escalation and cessation at ages 20 and 28 with both probability and logistic regression models (10-year retention: 98.5%). RESULTS Individuals who scored high on avoidant coping at 18 were 2.52 (p = .001) times more likely to acquire smoking by 20. However, there was no evidence that avoidant coping at age 18 predicted smoking escalation at 28 or cessation for 20- and 28-year-olds. CONCLUSIONS An avoidant coping style may have a short-term effect on young adults' smoking acquisition. Future research using a precise and well-validated measure of avoidant coping is now needed to test this possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan B Bricker
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA.
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Otten R, Bricker JB, Liu J, Comstock BA, Peterson AV. Adolescent psychological and social predictors of young adult smoking acquisition and cessation: A 10-year longitudinal study. Health Psychol 2011; 30:163-70. [PMID: 21401250 DOI: 10.1037/a0022352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A 10-year follow-up study to test the extent to which theory-based adolescent psychological and social factors directly predict and moderate the prediction of young adult smoking acquisition and cessation. DESIGN A prospective community-based sample. A total of 2,970 adolescents participated in the large Washington State Hutchinson Smoking Prevention Project (HSPP) longitudinal cohort. As predictors, psychological factors (i.e., parentnoncompliance, friendcompliance, rebelliousness, achievement motivation, and thrill seeking) and social environmental factors (i.e., parent's and friend's smoking) were measured when adolescents were 17-18 years old. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES As main outcome measures, smoking acquisition and cessation were assessed both at ages 18 and 28. RESULTS Psychological and social factors predicted 3% to 7% probability (p < .05) of smoking acquisition and a nonsignificant to 24% probability (p < .05) of smoking continuation (not quitting) in young adulthood. Both friendcompliance and rebelliousness were more powerful predictors of young adult-smoking continuation than of smoking acquisition. CONCLUSION First evidence that parent noncompliance, friend compliance, and a lack of achievement motivation predict smoking acquisition and (with the exception of parent noncompliance) smoking continuation in young adulthood. Including these psychological factors in future interventions designed to promote young adult smoking cessation may be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Otten
- Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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16
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McCool J, Cameron LD, Robinson E. Do parents have any influence over how young people appraise tobacco images in the media? J Adolesc Health 2011; 48:170-5. [PMID: 21257116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2009] [Revised: 06/12/2010] [Accepted: 06/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Socio-cultural factors, including media and family, play an important role in introducing and reinforcing pro-smoking intentions. Tendencies to appraise smokers in media in positive, negative, and empathic ways may play a role in the social and familial dynamics influencing smoking intentions. OBJECTIVE This study assessed: (1) social group differences in appraisals of pro- and antismoking imagery in media; (2) whether parental antismoking expectations are associated with less positive appraisals; and (3) whether these appraisal tendencies mediate the relationship between parental antismoking expectations and smoking intentions. METHODS AND MATERIALS Adolescents (N = 515, ages 11-13, M = 11.5 years) from Auckland, New Zealand completed a multimedia, computer-based questionnaire assessing media exposure of smoking imagery in four media clips as well as media exposure, parental attitudes toward smoking, and smoking intentions. RESULTS Appraisals of smoking imagery in the media clips and media consumption were patterned on the basis of gender, ethnic group, school economic status, and peer and parent smoking behaviors. Positive appraisals of the smoking images were found to mediate the relationship between weaker parental antismoking expectations and greater smoking intentions. CONCLUSION Parents may have significant influence over how adolescents perceive smoking imagery in media by presenting clear and unambiguous expectations about tobacco use at home. These expectations may shape how adolescents respond to smoking images by effectively "tainting" the image.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith McCool
- Social and Community Health, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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17
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Yu M. Tobacco Use Among American Indian or Alaska Native Middle- and High-School Students in the United States. Nicotine Tob Res 2010; 13:173-81. [DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntq233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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18
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Ennett ST, Foshee VA, Bauman KE, Hussong A, Faris R, Hipp JR, Cai L. A social contextual analysis of youth cigarette smoking development. Nicotine Tob Res 2010; 12:950-62. [PMID: 20688870 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntq122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We apply a social contextual perspective based on Bronfenbrenner's ecology of human development theory to understanding development of youth cigarette smoking. We examine the contributions of family, peer, school, and neighborhood contexts. Context attributes examined were derived from social learning and social control theories. METHODS Data are from 6,544 youth who participated in at least one of five waves of data collection between Spring 2002 and Spring 2004, 1,663 randomly selected parents who participated in one or more of three waves of data collection in the same time period; and the U.S. Census. Three-level hierarchical growth models were used to examine the contributions of time-varying measures of the four social contexts to development of smoking from age 11-17 years. Interactions between variables were examined within and between social contexts. RESULTS Attributes of each social context made independent contributions to adolescent smoking development; there also were significant interactions between variables from different contexts indicating joint contextual effects. Attributes of the social bond moderated exposure to models of smoking within and between the family and peer contexts. DISCUSSION Results suggest the value of a social contextual perspective in research on the etiology of youth smoking development as well as the utility of guidance by social learning and social control theories. While all contexts were implicated in adolescent smoking, the family and peer contexts were primarily implicated, with findings suggesting the need for consideration of interactive effects between social learning and social control variables within and between these contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan T Ennett
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Campus Box 7440, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Yu M, Hahm HC, Vaughn MG. Intrapersonal and interpersonal determinants of smoking status among Asian American adolescents: findings from a national sample. Nicotine Tob Res 2010; 12:801-9. [PMID: 20576799 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntq100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Asian American youth are one of the fastest growing populations in the United States. This present study examined intrapersonal and interpersonal determinants of smoking status among Asian American adolescents. METHODS Using data from the 2006 National Youth Tobacco Survey, 1,368 Asian American adolescents in Grades 6 through 12 were selected. RESULTS Findings revealed that one eighth (12%) experimented with cigarettes, 3% smoked occasionally, and 2% smoked regularly. High school students reported higher rates for experimental, occasional, and regular smoking than middle school students. More male than female youth reported the three types of smoking status. Multivariate analyses showed that, compared with nonsmoking, age, weekly income, family members' smoking, refusal of cigarettes from best friends predicted experimental smoking; and positive images of smoking, perception of safety of smoking for only 1 year, awareness of the harmful effects of secondhand smoking, refusal to smoke, and absence from school predicted occasional smoking. Age interacted with refusal to smoke in predicting occasional smoking. Male gender, awareness of the harmful effects of secondhand smoking, refusal to smoke, absence from school, and receptivity to tobacco marketing were determinants of regular smoking. DISCUSSION This study uniquely examined how the impacts of multiple intrapersonal and interpersonal predictors differed by various stages of smoking in a nationally representative sample of Asian American adolescents. Our findings underscore that smoking treatment and prevention programs should consider predictors of risk for different stages of adolescent smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- ManSoo Yu
- School of Social Work and Public Health Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211-4470, USA.
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Belgrave FZ, Johnson J, Nguyen A, Hood K, Tademy R, Clark T, Nasim A. Stress and tobacco use among African-American adolescents: the buffering effect of cultural factors. JOURNAL OF DRUG EDUCATION 2010; 40:173-88. [PMID: 21133330 PMCID: PMC10581863 DOI: 10.2190/de.40.2.e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco is a leading contributor to morbidity and mortality and a primary reason for health disparities among African Americans. In this study we explore the role of stress in smoking and cultural factors that protect against stress among African-American adolescents. Our sample consisted of 239 youth who were recruited into the study while enrolled in 8th and 12th grade. Measures of risk factors (stress, school transition stress, and community disorganization), moderator or protective factors (religious support and intergenerational connections), and 30-day tobacco use were collected. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted. Intergenerational connections moderated the effect of stress on past 30-day tobacco use. Religious support moderated the effect of neighborhood disorganization on past 30-day tobacco use. Religious support also moderated the effect of stress on past 30-day tobacco use. The findings have implications for prevention efforts to consider religious beliefs and practices and also to link youth with supportive adults in their community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faye Z Belgrave
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23284-2018, USA.
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