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Wang Y, Gao Y, Liu J, Bai R, Liu X. Reciprocal associations between early maladaptive schemas and depression in adolescence: long-term effects of childhood abuse and neglect. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2023; 17:134. [PMID: 38037149 PMCID: PMC10688108 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-023-00682-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent depression has grown to be a major social concern in China. During the coronavirus pandemic, the incidence of depression among Chinese adolescents increased substantially. More research is required to inform the prevention and intervention of adolescent depression in China. Depression is associated with Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMSs). Childhood abuse and neglect are distal antecedents of adolescent depression. It is not known how depression and EMSs interact in adolescence and how childhood abuse and neglect contribute to this relationship. This study aimed to examine the reciprocal relationships between depression and EMSs, as well as the long-term effects of childhood abuse and neglect on depression and EMSs during adolescence. The work also investigates gender differences in these mechanisms. METHODS Using a two-wave longitudinal design, we recruited 3,485 Chinese adolescents (Mage = 13.2; 43.2% females) from three Shanxi Province, China middle schools. All participants completed self-report questionnaires addressing childhood abuse and neglect, depression, and EMSs. Structural equation models examined reciprocal relationships between depression and EMS, as well as the effect of childhood abuse and neglect on depression and EMSs. Multi-group analysis addressed gender differences. RESULTS Results indicated that greater depression predicted more EMSs measured later, but EMSs did not predict subsequent depression. Childhood abuse and neglect had different effects on depression and EMSs during adolescence. Specifically, exposure to childhood abuse related to more severe depression and EMSs in adolescence and contributed to the perpetuation of EMSs by increasing depression. Exposure to childhood neglect showed a direct effect on depression and indirectly reinforced subsequent EMSs through depression. There were no gender differences. CONCLUSION These findings contribute to a better understanding of the emergence and course of depression in early adolescence, suggesting that childhood abuse and neglect are critical early risk factors. Additionally, depression plays a key role in promoting schema perpetuation among adolescents exposed to childhood maltreatment, providing important implications for relevant prevention and intervention in early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Wang
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yemiao Gao
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jinmeng Liu
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Rong Bai
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China.
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2
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Unanue W, Martela F, Vignoles VL, Dittmar H. Clarifying the link between psychological need satisfaction and positive affect: Longitudinal within-person tests for bi-directional influence in two cultures. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/08902070231157149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Positive affect is often considered the “hallmark of well-being,” associated with better health, longevity, and success. Self-determination theory (SDT) proposes that satisfying three basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness (BNS) fosters optimal functioning, thriving, and positive affect. Meanwhile, broaden-and-build theory suggests that positive emotions predict future psychosocial resources such as need satisfaction. Previous research on the BNS–positive affect link has not sufficiently established to what extent changes in BNS precede changes in positive affect or vice versa. We tested this in two 3-wave longitudinal studies, conducted over 2 years in the UK (Study 1: N = 958) and over 2 months in Latin America (Study 2: N = 1200). Bivariate latent trait-state-occasion models revealed that within-person fluctuations in BNS significantly predicted subsequent fluctuations in positive affect in both studies, but fluctuations in positive affect predicted subsequent fluctuations in BNS only in Study 2. These findings consistently support SDT predictions, whereas they only partially support broaden-and-build theory predictions, helping to clarify the likely causal relations between BNS and positive affect.
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3
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Bottemanne H, Frileux S, Guesdon A, Fossati P. [Belief updating and mood congruence in depressive disorder]. Encephale 2021; 48:188-195. [PMID: 34916079 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2021.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Depressive disorder is characterized by a polymorphic symptomatology associating emotional, cognitive and behavioral disturbances. One of the most specific symptoms is negative beliefs, called congruent to mood. Despite the importance of these beliefs in the development, the maintenance, and the recurrence of depressive episodes, little is known about the processes underlying the generation of depressive beliefs. In this paper, we detail the link between belief updating mechanisms and the genesis of depressive beliefs. We show how depression alters information processing, generating cognitive immunization when processing positive information, affective updating bias related to the valence of belief and prediction error, and difficultie to disengage from negative information. We suggest that disruption of belief-updating mechanisms forms the basis of belief-mood congruence in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Bottemanne
- Paris Brain Institute - Institut du Cerveau (ICM), UMR 7225/UMRS 1127, CNRS / INSERM, Sorbonne university, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, Department of Philosophy, SND Research Unit, UMR 8011, CNRS, Paris, France; Department of psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, DMU Neuroscience, Sorbonne university, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.
| | - S Frileux
- Paris Brain Institute - Institut du Cerveau (ICM), UMR 7225/UMRS 1127, CNRS / INSERM, Sorbonne university, Paris, France; Department of psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, DMU Neuroscience, Sorbonne university, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - A Guesdon
- Paris Brain Institute - Institut du Cerveau (ICM), UMR 7225/UMRS 1127, CNRS / INSERM, Sorbonne university, Paris, France; Department of psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, DMU Neuroscience, Sorbonne university, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - P Fossati
- Paris Brain Institute - Institut du Cerveau (ICM), UMR 7225/UMRS 1127, CNRS / INSERM, Sorbonne university, Paris, France; Department of psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, DMU Neuroscience, Sorbonne university, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
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4
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Zhou HL, Jiang HB, Zhang B, Liang HY. Social anxiety, maladaptive cognition, mobile phone addiction, and perceived social support: A moderated mediation model. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY IN AFRICA 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/14330237.2021.1927354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ling Zhou
- College of Medical Humanities, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyan, China
| | - Huai-Bin Jiang
- School of Education, Fuqing Branch of Fujian Normal University, Fuqing, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Applied Psychology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Han-Yu Liang
- College of Medical Humanities, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyan, China
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5
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Gratitude at Work Prospectively Predicts Lower Workplace Materialism: A Three-Wave Longitudinal Study in Chile. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18073787. [PMID: 33916410 PMCID: PMC8038617 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Materialism at work refers to a higher importance attached to extrinsic (e.g., money, fame, image) versus intrinsic (self-development, affiliation, community participation) employees' 'aspirations'. Research from self-determination theory has consistently found that materialism at work is strongly detrimental for both employees and organizations. For example, materialism is negatively associated with lower job satisfaction and engagement and positively associated with higher turnover intentions and job insecurity. Unfortunately, there are no viable strategies for reducing materialism in the workplace yet. In this sense, based on emergent research in psychology, we theorized that dispositional gratitude-a key construct within the Positive Organizational Psychology field-could be a protecting factor against materialism. Further, we conducted a three-wave longitudinal design among a large sample of Chilean workers (n = 1841) to test, for the first time, the longitudinal link between gratitude and materialism. We used two novel methodologies: A cross-lagged panel model (CLPM) to test between-person changes and a trait-state-occasion model (TSO) to test within-person changes. We found that both the CLPM as well as the TSO models showed that gratitude at work prospectively predicted further lower workplace materialism. Specifically, the CLPM shows that individuals with higher than average gratitude at Ti, are more likely to show lower than average materialism at Ti+1. The TSO shows that individuals with a higher than their usual level of gratitude at Ti are more likely to show a lower than their usual level of materialism at Ti+1. Important implications for materialism research as well as for the Positive Organizational Psychology field are discussed.
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6
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Scarpato BS, Swardfager W, Eid M, Ploubidis GB, Cogo-Moreira H. Disentangling trait, occasion-specific, and accumulated situational effects of psychological distress in adulthood: evidence from the 1958 and 1970 British birth cohorts. Psychol Med 2021; 51:804-814. [PMID: 31910922 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719003805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The trajectories of psychological distress differ between individuals, but these differences can be difficult to understand because the measures contain both consistent and situational features; however, in longitudinal studies these sources of information can be disentangled. In addition to occasion-specific features, interindividual differences can be decomposed into two sources of information: trait and carry-over effects between neighboring occasions that are not related to the trait (i.e. accumulated situational effects). METHODS To disentangle these three sources of variance throughout adulthood, the consistency (trait and accumulated situational effects) and occasion specificity of nine indicators of psychological distress from the Malaise Inventory were examined in two birth cohorts, the 1958 National Child Development Study (NCDS58), and the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70). RESULTS The scale was administered at ages 23, 33, 42, and 50 in NCDS58 (n = 7147), and at ages 26, 30, 34, and 42 in BCS70 (n = 6859). For each psychological symptom, more variance was consistent than occasion-specific. The majority of the consistency was due to trait variance as opposed to accumulated situational effects, indicating that an individual predisposed to be distressed at the beginning of the study remained more likely to be distressed over the whole period. Symptoms of rage were notably more consistent among males than females in both cohorts (78.1% and 81.3% variance explained by trait in NCDS58 and BCS70, respectively), and among females in the NCDS58 (69%). CONCLUSIONS Symptoms of psychological distress exhibited high stability throughout adulthood, especially among men, due mostly to interindividual trait differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Scarpato
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - W Swardfager
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - M Eid
- Department of Educational Science and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - G B Ploubidis
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, UCL Institute of Education, University College London, London, UK
| | - H Cogo-Moreira
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, UCL Institute of Education, University College London, London, UK
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7
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The Cognitive Distortions Questionnaire: Psychometric validation for an Australian population. AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ajpy.12101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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8
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Wu PC. Is personality stable in adolescence? Disentangling time-invariant and time-varying factors of personality in a trait-state-occasion model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 56:425-434. [PMID: 33058205 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.12723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study applied trait-state-occasion (TSO) modelling to investigate the extent to which inter-individual differences in personality were accounted for by time-invariant and time-varying factors during adolescence. The participants were 753 high school students, and only 661 students were followed for 4 years. The mean age in the first year was 15.23 years and 52.8% were females. The results showed that the full TSO model had the best representation of adolescent personality, and the means of the proportions of variance explained by trait factors for the Big Five ranged between 56% and 83%, suggesting that inter-individual differences in personality are mainly accounted for by stable trait variance over the course of adolescence. Furthermore, the five dimensions of personality differed not only in the amounts of trait variance but also in the stability of time-varying factors. These findings have significant implications for personality research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chen Wu
- Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, National PingTung University, PingTung, Taiwan
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9
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Stroud CB, Chen FR, Curzi BE, Granger DA, Doane LD. Overestimating Self-Blame for Stressful Life Events and Adolescents' Latent Trait Cortisol: The Moderating Role of Parental Warmth. J Youth Adolesc 2019; 49:283-298. [PMID: 31446583 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-019-01112-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive interpretations of stressful events impact their implications for physiological stress processes. However, whether such interpretations are related to trait cortisol-an indicator of individual differences in stress physiology-is unknown. In 112 early adolescent girls (M age = 12.39 years), this study examined the association between self-blame estimates for past year events and latent trait cortisol, and whether maternal warmth moderated effects. Overestimating self-blame (versus objective indices) for independent (uncontrollable) events was associated with lower latent trait cortisol, and maternal warmth moderated the effect of self-blame estimates on latent trait cortisol for each dependent (at least partially controllable) and interpersonal events. Implications for understanding the impact of cognitive and interpersonal factors on trait cortisol during early adolescence are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine B Stroud
- Department of Psychology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA, 01267, USA.
| | - Frances R Chen
- Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697-7085, USA
| | - Blair E Curzi
- Department of Psychology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA, 01267, USA
| | - Douglas A Granger
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697-7085, USA.,The Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Bloomberg School of Public Health, and School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.,Salivary Bioscience Laboratory and Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Leah D Doane
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1104, USA
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10
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Zainal NH, Newman MG. Relation between cognitive and behavioral strategies and future change in common mental health problems across 18 years. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 128:295-304. [PMID: 31045412 PMCID: PMC6707366 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and panic disorder (PD), constitute common mental disorders that may have chronic and disabling courses. Cognitive and behavioral theories posit that lack of engagement in certain strategies (goal persistence, self-mastery, positive reappraisal) increases vulnerability toward these disorders. Further, scar effect theories assert that experiencing more of these disorders may diminish engagement in such strategies within individuals across time. However, dynamic longitudinal associations between cognitive-behavioral strategies (CBS) and disorder counts across adulthood are not well understood. Using bivariate latent difference score models, this study aimed to test the dynamic trajectories between disorder counts and each CBS across 18 years. Participants were 3,294 community-dwelling adults ages 45.62 years (SD = 11.41, range = 20-74; 54.61% female) who took part in 3 waves of measurement spaced 9 years apart. Self-mastery, disorder counts, and their change were not significantly related. However, higher within-subject increase in goal persistence (but not self-mastery or positive reappraisal) led to greater future decline in disorder counts, but not vice versa. Last, within individuals, greater prior levels of goal persistence and positive reappraisal predicted larger subsequent reduction in disorder counts, and vice versa. The reciprocal, bidirectional associations between specific CBS (goal persistence, positive reappraisal) and disorder counts support both vulnerability and scar models of depression and anxiety. Treatments for MDD, GAD, and PD should attempt to enhance perseverance and optimism. Theoretical and clinical implications are further discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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11
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Paterson J, Medvedev ON, Sumich A, Tautolo ES, Krägeloh CU, Sisk R, McNamara RK, Berk M, Narayanan A, Siegert RJ. Distinguishing transient versus stable aspects of depression in New Zealand Pacific Island children using Generalizability Theory. J Affect Disord 2018; 227:698-704. [PMID: 29174744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.11.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The distinction between temporary versus enduring or state/trait aspects of depression is important. More precise distinction would improve understanding of the aetiology of depression and those aspects most amenable to intervention thus identifying more homogeneous, dynamic targets for clinical trials. Generalizability Theory has been proposed as useful for disentangling state and trait components of psychopathology. METHODS We applied Generalizability Theory to determine the relative contributions of temporary and enduring aspects of depression in a widely used screening measure of depression the - 10-item Children's Depression Inventory (CDI-10; Kovacs, 1985). Participants were children of Pacific Island descent living in New Zealand (n = 668). Data were collected at ages - 9, 11, and 14 years. RESULTS The CDI-10 demonstrated acceptable generalizability across occasions (G = 0.79) with about one third of variance in total scores attributed to temporary and two thirds to more enduring aspects of depression. There were no other significant sources of error variance. Two items were identified as more sensitive than the remaining eight to more dynamic symptoms. LIMITATIONS Studies with briefer test-retest intervals are warranted. Use of this Pacific Island cohort limits generalizability of findings to other cultures and ethnicities. No data were collected on whether participants had received intervention for depression. CONCLUSIONS While the CDI-10 reliably measures both stable and transient aspects of depression in children, the scale does not permit clear distinction between them. We advocate application of Generalizability Theory for developing state/trait depression measures and determining which existing measures are most suitable for capturing modifiable features of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janis Paterson
- School of Public Health and Psychosocial Studies, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Oleg N Medvedev
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alexander Sumich
- School of Public Health and Psychosocial Studies, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand; Division of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - El-Shadan Tautolo
- School of Public Health and Psychosocial Studies, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Christian U Krägeloh
- School of Public Health and Psychosocial Studies, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rose Sisk
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
| | - Robert K McNamara
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ajit Narayanan
- School of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
| | - Richard J Siegert
- School of Public Health and Psychosocial Studies, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
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12
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Hoofs H, Jansen NWH, Jansen MWJ, Kant IJ. The trait and occasion components of fatigue and their association with sickness absence. J Psychosom Res 2017; 102:54-60. [PMID: 28992898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fatigue is an important health outcome in public and occupational health care. To correctly understand and treat high levels of (prolonged) fatigue it is important to disentangle the state of fatigue into a time-varying (occasion) and -invarying (trait) component. Not only for understanding of the construct itself over time but also for its relation with (health) outcomes such as sickness absence. METHODS Longitudinal data (n=2316) from the Maastricht Cohort Study (MCS) study was used, which assessed fatigue across 4-month intervals using the Checklist Individual Strength (CIS). RESULTS It was found that the occasion component explains 27.60% (95%-CI [25.80%; 29.40%]) of the variance of fatigue and the trait component 71.00% (95%-CI [69.00%; 72.90%]). The trait component was, furthermore, found to be a significant predictor of sickness absence. CONCLUSION Fatigue has a considerable time-invariant component. As this component is also related with other adverse health outcomes, preventive measures and interventions should take the difference between the occasion and trait component of fatigue into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hoofs
- Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Academic Collaborative Centre for Public Health Limburg, Public Health Service Southern Limburg, Geleen, The Netherlands.
| | - N W H Jansen
- Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - M W J Jansen
- Academic Collaborative Centre for Public Health Limburg, Public Health Service Southern Limburg, Geleen, The Netherlands; Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - I J Kant
- Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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13
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Prenoveau JM, Craske MG, West V, Giannakakis A, Zioga M, Lehtonen A, Davies B, Netsi E, Cardy J, Cooper P, Murray L, Stein A. Maternal postnatal depression and anxiety and their association with child emotional negativity and behavior problems at two years. Dev Psychol 2017; 53:50-62. [PMID: 28026191 PMCID: PMC5191902 DOI: 10.1037/dev0000221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Postnatal maternal depression is associated with poorer child emotional and behavioral functioning, but it is unclear whether this occurs following brief episodes or only with persistent depression. Little research has examined the relation between postnatal anxiety and child outcomes. The present study examined the role of postnatal major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) symptom chronicity on children’s emotional and behavioral functioning at 24 months. Following postnatal screening mothers (n = 296) were identified as having MDD, GAD, MDD and GAD, or no disorder at 3 months postnatal; the average age was 32.3 (SD = 5.0), 91.9% self-identified as Caucasian, and 62.2% were married. Maternal disorder symptom severity was assessed by questionnaires and structured interview at 3, 6, 10, 14, and 24 months postpartum. At 24 months, child emotional negativity and behavior were assessed using questionnaires and by direct observation. Latent trait–state-occasion modeling was used to represent maternal disorder symptom chronicity; both stable trait and time-specific occasion portions of maternal symptomatology were examined in relation to child outcomes. Only the stable trait portion of maternal MDD and GAD symptom severity were related to maternal report of child behavior problems and higher levels of emotional negativity. Persistent maternal MDD, but not GAD, symptom severity was related to higher levels of child emotional negativity as measured observationally. These data suggest that children’s behavior problems and emotional negativity are adversely affected by persistent maternal depression, and possibly anxiety. This has implications for interventions to prevent negative effects of postnatal psychopathology on children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Maria Zioga
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford
| | | | | | - Elena Netsi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford
| | | | | | | | - Alan Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford
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14
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Pössel P. Comparing Different Sequential Mediational Interpretations of Beck’s Cognitive Model of Depression in Adolescents. J Youth Adolesc 2016; 46:725-743. [DOI: 10.1007/s10964-016-0551-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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15
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Kindt KCM, Kleinjan M, Janssens JMAM, Scholte RHJ. Cross-Lagged Associations Between Adolescents' Depressive Symptoms and Negative Cognitive Style: The Role of Negative Life Events. J Youth Adolesc 2015; 44:2141-53. [PMID: 26036993 PMCID: PMC4598351 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-015-0308-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has established that cognitive theory-based depression prevention programs aiming change in negative cognitive style in early adolescents do not have strong effects in universal settings. Although theories suggest that a negative cognitive style precedes depressive symptoms, empirical findings are mixed. We hypothesized that negative cognitive style may not predict depressive symptoms in adolescents with normative depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms, negative cognitive style and dependent negative life events were assessed in young adolescents (N = 1343; mean age = 13.4 years, SD = 0.77; 52.3 % girls) at four time points over an 18-month period. Using a cross-lagged panel design, results revealed that depressive symptoms predicted a negative cognitive style but not vice versa. However, when including dependent negative life events as a variable, depressive symptoms did not prospect a negative cognitive style consistently. When dependent negative life events were used as a time-varying covariate, depressive symptoms and a negative cognitive style were not related. We concluded that negative cognitive style is not predictive of depressive symptoms in a community sample of young adolescents. Moreover, the findings suggest that longitudinal relationships between depressive symptoms and a negative cognitive style are not meaningful when dependent negative life events are not considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlijn C M Kindt
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Marloes Kleinjan
- Trimbos Institute, P.O. Box 725, 3500 AS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan M A M Janssens
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ron H J Scholte
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Praktikon, P.O. Box 6909, 6503 GK, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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16
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Abstract
In a six-wave longitudinal study with two cohorts (660 adolescents and 630 young adults), this study investigated the longitudinal stability of the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) using the Trait-State-Occasion (TSO) model. The results revealed that the full TSO model was the best fitting representation of the depression measured by the BDI-II for both cohorts. It was found that the trait components explained more than 50% of the state variance of the BDI-II scores in both cohorts, and the occasion-specific factor explained about 7% to 12% of variances. The occasion-specific variance was more stable (occasion stability) and somewhat higher in the younger cohort. Implications regarding the longitudinal stability of the BDI-II measure are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chen Wu
- National PingTung University, Taiwan, Republic of China
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17
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Kindt K, Scholte R, Schuck K, Kleinjan M, Janssens J. Examining Reciprocal Associations Between a Negative Cognitive Style and Depressive Symptoms in Early Adolescence. Int J Cogn Ther 2015. [DOI: 10.1521/ijct.2015.8.1.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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18
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Lambert SF, Robinson WL, Ialongo NS. The role of socially prescribed perfectionism in the link between perceived racial discrimination and African American adolescents' depressive symptoms. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2014; 42:577-87. [PMID: 24150863 PMCID: PMC3976756 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-013-9814-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Research examining the social origins of perfectionism has focused on negative evaluative experiences in the family, with less attention to negative social evaluations in other contexts and situations relevant for African American adolescents. The experience of racial discrimination is common for African American youth, and may trigger maladaptive perfectionistic beliefs if the youth perceive that they do not meet others' standards (socially prescribed perfectionism) or internalize discriminatory messages. Thus, the present study examined longitudinal associations among racial discrimination, socially prescribed perfectionism, and depressive symptoms among a community sample of urban and predominantly low income African American adolescents (n = 492; 46.7 % female). In each of grades 7, 8 and 9, participants reported their experiences with racial discrimination, perfectionistic beliefs, and depressive symptoms. Analyses revealed that experiences with racial discrimination in grade 7 were associated with socially prescribed perfectionism in grade 8 which, in turn, was linked with depressive symptoms in grade 9. Results suggest that prospective associations between the experience of racial discrimination and depressive symptoms are due, in part, to increased socially prescribed perfectionism. Implications for interventions targeting depression in African American are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon F Lambert
- Department of Psychology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA,
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19
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Kim SY, Mun EY, Smith S. Using mixture models with known class membership to address incomplete covariance structures in multiple-group growth models. THE BRITISH JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL AND STATISTICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2014; 67:94-116. [PMID: 23432382 PMCID: PMC3864537 DOI: 10.1111/bmsp.12008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Multi-group latent growth modelling in the structural equation modelling framework has been widely utilized for examining differences in growth trajectories across multiple manifest groups. Despite its usefulness, the traditional maximum likelihood estimation for multi-group latent growth modelling is not feasible when one of the groups has no response at any given data collection point, or when all participants within a group have the same response at one of the time points. In other words, multi-group latent growth modelling requires a complete covariance structure for each observed group. The primary purpose of the present study is to show how to circumvent these data problems by developing a simple but creative approach using an existing estimation procedure for growth mixture modelling. A Monte Carlo simulation study was carried out to see whether the modified estimation approach provided tangible results and to see how these results were comparable to the standard multi-group results. The proposed approach produced results that were valid and reliable under the mentioned problematic data conditions. We also present a real data example and demonstrate that the proposed estimation approach can be used for the chi-square difference test to check various types of measurement invariance as conducted in a standard multi-group analysis.
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20
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Acceptance, mindfulness, and cognitive reappraisal as longitudinal predictors of depression and quality of life in educators. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Calvete E, Orue I, Hankin BL. Transactional relationships among cognitive vulnerabilities, stressors, and depressive symptoms in adolescence. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2013; 41:399-410. [PMID: 23093441 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-012-9691-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The transactional cognitive vulnerability to stress model Hankin & Abramson (Psychological Bulletin, 127:773-796, 2001) extends the traditional diathesis-stress model by proposing that the relationships among cognitions, depressive symptoms, and stressors are dynamic and bidirectional. In this study three different pathways among these variables were assessed simultaneously: (1) cognitive vulnerabilities and stressors as predictors of depressive symptoms (vulnerability model), (2) depressive symptoms and cognitive vulnerabilities as predictors of stressors (stress generation model), and (3) depressive symptoms and stressors as predictors of cognitive vulnerabilities (consequence model). A fully cross-lagged design panel was employed with 1,187 adolescents (545 girls and 642 boys, Mean Age = 13.42 years) who were assessed at two time points separated by 6 months. They completed measures of cognitive vulnerabilities (maladaptive schema domains and negative inferential style), stressors, and depressive symptoms. Inferential style and schemas of the disconnection and rejection domain predicted prospective increases in depressive symptoms. Initial levels of depressive symptoms and most cognitive vulnerabilities predicted greater stress generation. Initial levels of stressors and depressive symptoms predicted an increase in negative inferential style and maladaptive schema domains over time. These bidirectional relationships were mostly similar for boys and girls, although there were a few gender differences. The findings support a transactional model with reciprocal relationships among stress, depressive symptoms, and cognitive vulnerabilities. Transactional implications for depression interventions among adolescents are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Calvete
- Department of Personality, Psychological Assessment and Treatment, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain.
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22
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Kruijt AW, Antypa N, Booij L, de Jong PJ, Glashouwer K, Penninx BWJH, Van der Does W. Cognitive reactivity, implicit associations, and the incidence of depression: a two-year prospective study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70245. [PMID: 23922962 PMCID: PMC3724814 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive reactivity to sad mood is a vulnerability marker of depression. Implicit self-depressed associations are related to depression status and reduced remission probability. It is unknown whether these cognitive vulnerabilities precede the first onset of depression. AIM To test the predictive value of cognitive reactivity and implicit self-depressed associations for the incidence of depressive disorders. METHODS Prospective cohort study of 834 never-depressed individuals, followed over a two-year period. The predictive value of cognitive reactivity and implicit self-depressed associations for the onset of depressive disorders was assessed using binomial logistic regression. The multivariate model corrected for baseline levels of subclinical depressive symptoms, neuroticism, for the presence of a history of anxiety disorders, for family history of depressive or anxiety disorders, and for the incidence of negative life events. RESULTS As single predictors, both cognitive reactivity and implicit self-depressed associations were significantly associated with depression incidence. In the multivariate model, cognitive reactivity was significantly associated with depression incidence, together with baseline depressive symptoms and the number of negative life events, whereas implicit self-depressed associations were not. CONCLUSION Cognitive reactivity to sad mood is associated with the incidence of depressive disorders, also when various other depression-related variables are controlled for. Implicit self-depressed associations predicted depression incidence in a bivariate test, but not when controlling for other predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Wil Kruijt
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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23
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Calvete E, Orue I, Hankin BL. Early maladaptive schemas and social anxiety in adolescents: the mediating role of anxious automatic thoughts. J Anxiety Disord 2013; 27:278-88. [PMID: 23602941 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2013.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 02/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive models state that cognitions are organized hierarchically, so that the underlying schemas affect behavior via more automatic, superficial cognitive processes. This study aimed to demonstrate that early maladaptive schemas predict anxious automatic thoughts, and to show that such automatic thoughts act as mediators between schemas and prospective changes in social anxiety symptoms. The study also examined an alternative reverse model in which schemas acted as mediators between automatic thoughts and social anxiety. A total of 1052 adolescents (499 girls and 553 boys; M(age)=13.43; SD(age)=1.29) completed measures of early maladaptive schemas, socially anxious automatic thoughts, and social anxiety symptoms at Times 1, 2, and 3. The results revealed bidirectional longitudinal relationships among schemas and automatic thoughts that were consistent in content (e.g., the disconnection/rejection schemas and automatic thoughts of negative self-concept). Furthermore, the automatic thoughts of anticipatory negative evaluation by others at Time 2 mediated the relationship between the other-directedness schemas at Time 1 and social anxiety symptoms at Time 3. These findings are consistent with hierarchical cognitive models of social anxiety given that deeper schemas predict more surface-level thoughts. They also support that these more surface-level thoughts contribute to perpetuating schemas. Finally, results show that early maladaptive schemas of the other-directedness domain play a relevant role in the development and maintenance of social anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Calvete
- Department of Personality, Psychological Assessment and Treatment, University of Deusto, Apdo. 1, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
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Leary KA, DeRosier ME. Factors Promoting Positive Adaptation and Resilience during the Transition to College. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/psych.2012.312a180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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