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Zhang F, Jin X, Fan L, Zhao Y, Sun M, Geng X. Does subjective socioeconomic status moderate the effect of basic psychological need satisfaction on undergraduates' affective forecasting? Front Psychol 2023; 14:1227077. [PMID: 37519363 PMCID: PMC10381921 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1227077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Affective forecasts are people's predictions of their future feelings in response to future events. In this study, based on the self-determination theory (SDT), we examined whether satisfying basic psychological needs influence undergraduates' affective forecasting and the moderating role of subjective socioeconomic status (SES). With a total of 423 undergraduate participants (177 males, 246 females), through one pilot study and three experiments, we first manipulated participants' basic psychological need satisfaction, i.e., autonomy need satisfaction (study 1), competence need satisfaction (study 2), and relatedness need satisfaction (study 3), then we asked low-SES and high-SES participants, respectively, to predict the pleasantness of a particular new product and evaluated the actual experience with the product. Results showed that the effect of basic psychological need on affective forecasting was not significant. When the need for autonomy need and competence need was satisfied, the impact bias was greater for the high SES than the low SES. Conversely, when the relatedness need was satisfied, the impact bias was greater for the low SES than the high SES. In conclusion, subjective SES moderated the influence of basic psychological needs satisfaction on increasing the impact bias in affective forecasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Jing Hengyi School of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Chinese Education Modernization Research Institute of Hangzhou Normal University (Zhejiang Provincial Key Think Tank), Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiuzhen Jin
- Department of Child Education, Kunsan National University, Gunsan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Linlin Fan
- School of Educational Science, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Institute for Education and Treatment of Problematic Youth, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Yating Zhao
- Jing Hengyi School of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meihua Sun
- Weihai Ocean Vocational College, Weihai, China
| | - Xiaowei Geng
- Jing Hengyi School of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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Pan W, Zhou W, Wu J, Huang Z, Ding L, Guo L, Hang B, Li X. The effect of exposure to COVID-19 on life satisfaction: The mediating role of hyperarousal and moderating/mediating role of affective forecasting. J Affect Disord 2023; 337:1-10. [PMID: 37230267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a global trauma event, the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) hugely impacts people's mental health and well-being. The purpose of our study is threefold: first, investigate the relationship between exposure to COVID-19 and life satisfaction among a large sample in China. Second, test the mediating role of hyperarousal in the association between exposure to COVID-19 and life satisfaction. Third, explore the moderating/mediating role of affective forecasting in the association between hyperarousal and life satisfaction. METHOD The current study recruited 5546 participants to complete a set of self-report questionnaires online from April 22, 2020 to April 24, 2020. The moderated mediation and chain mediation model analyses were conducted using the SPSS software and PROCESS macro program. RESULTS Exposure to COVID-19 negatively predicted life satisfaction (Effect = -0.058, p < 0.001). This relationship was partially mediated by the hyperarousal level (Effect = -0.018, CI = [-0.024, -0.013]). The moderating role of forecasted positive affect (PA)/forecasted negative affect (NA) between hyperarousal and life satisfaction was significant (β = 0.058, CI = [0.035, 0.081]; β = 0.037, CI = [0.014, 0.06]). The chain mediating effect of hyperarousal and forecasted PA/forecasted NA on the relationship between exposure to COVID-19 and life satisfaction was also significant (Effect = -0.003, CI = [-0.004, -0.002]; Effect = -0.006, CI = [-0.008, -0.004]). LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional design precludes causal inference. CONCLUSION Greater exposure to COVID-19 was associated with more severe hyperarousal symptoms, decreased life satisfaction. Forecasted PA and forecasted NA could moderate and mediate the negative impact of hyperarousal on life satisfaction. The moderating/mediating role of forecasted PA/NA implied that future interventions targeting at improving affective forecasting and reducing hyperarousal might be helpful to improve life satisfaction during the post-COVID-19 era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, China; School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China; Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Wenwei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, China; School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China; Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Junjie Wu
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, China; School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China; Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Zhijing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, China; School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China; Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Linjie Ding
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, China; School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China; Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Liwen Guo
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, China; School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China; Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Bowen Hang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, China; School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China; Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xu Li
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, China; School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China; Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430079, China.
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Emotional Expectancies and Hostile Attributions as Predictors of Adolescents’ Expressions of Emotion with Parents. ADOLESCENTS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/adolescents3010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined associations between adolescents’ Emotional Expectancies (EE), Hostile Attributions of Intent (HAI), and emotions expressed during interactions with their mother and father. Data were collected from 96 14- to 16-year-olds (27 African Americans, 38 European Americans, and 31 Latinos; a total of 51 girls and 45 boys) and their parents over a period of 2 years. Questionnaires completed by adolescents were used to assess emotional expectancies and hostile attributions of parents’ behavior. In both year one and year two, adolescent emotional expressiveness with parents was observed in a laboratory interaction session. Data revealed that both adolescents’ EE and HAI in reaction to ambiguous situations predicted their expression of positive emotion with their mother and father 1 year later. EE of happiness were positively related and EE of anger were negatively related to the expression of positive emotion with their mother and father. HAI were negatively related to the expression of positive emotion. Only HAI were related to a higher expression of anger with their mother and father. The findings indicate that HAI and EE represent distinct cognitive-emotional processes that contribute to individual differences in adolescents’ expressions of emotion with parents.
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Duberstein PR, Hoerger M, Norton SA, Mohile S, Dahlberg B, Hyatt EG, Epstein RM, Wittink MN. The TRIBE model: How socioemotional processes fuel end-of-life treatment in the United States. Soc Sci Med 2023; 317:115546. [PMID: 36509614 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Prior interventions have repeatedly failed to decrease the prescription and receipt of treatments and procedures that confer more harm than benefit at the End-of-Life (EoL); new approaches to intervention are needed. Ideally, future interventions would be informed by a social-ecological conceptual model that explains EoL healthcare utilization patterns, but current models ignore two facts: (1) healthcare is an inherently social activity, involving clinical teams and patients' social networks, and (2) emotions influence social activity. To address these omissions, we scaffolded Terror Management Theory and Socioemotional Selectivity Theory to create the Transtheoretical Model of Irrational Biomedical Exuberance (TRIBE). Based on Terror Management Theory, TRIBE suggests that the prospect of patient death motivates healthcare teams to conform to a biomedical norm of care, even when clinicians believe that biomedical interventions will likely be unhelpful. Based on Socioemotional Selectivity Theory, TRIBE suggests that the prospect of dwindling time motivates families to prioritize emotional goals, and leads patients to consent to disease-directed treatments they know will likely be unhelpful, as moral emotions motivate deference to the perceived emotional needs of their loved ones. TRIBE is unique among models of healthcare utilization in its acknowledgement that moral emotions and processes (e.g., shame, compassion, regret-avoidance) influence healthcare delivery, patients' interactions with family members, and patients' outcomes. TRIBE is especially relevant to potentially harmful EoL care in the United States, and it also offers insights into the epidemics of overtreatment in healthcare settings worldwide. By outlining the role of socioemotional processes in the care of persons with serious conditions, TRIBE underscores the critical need for psychological innovation in interventions, health policy and research on healthcare utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Duberstein
- Department of Health Behavior, Society, and Policy, Rutgers University School of Public Heath, 683 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, United States.
| | - Michael Hoerger
- Department of Psychology, Psychiatry, and Medicine, Tulane University, 131 S. Robertson Building, 131 S Robertson St, New Orleans, LA, 70112, United States; Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University, 1415 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA, 70112, United States.
| | - Sally A Norton
- School of Nursing, University of Rochester, 255 Crittenden Blvd, Rochester, NY, 14642, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY, 14642, United States.
| | - Supriya Mohile
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY, 14642, United States; James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 90 Crittenden Blvd, Rochester, NY, 14642, United States.
| | - Britt Dahlberg
- Center for Humanism, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, 401 South Broadway, Camden, NJ, 08103, United States.
| | - Erica Goldblatt Hyatt
- Rutgers School of Social Work, 536 George St, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, United States.
| | - Ronald M Epstein
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY, 14642, United States; James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 90 Crittenden Blvd, Rochester, NY, 14642, United States; Department of Family Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY, 14642, United States.
| | - Marsha N Wittink
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY, 14642, United States.
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Moran JB, Perry LM, Hoerger M, Murray DR. Dispositional intelligence of the Five-Factor Model as a learning outcome in an undergraduate personality course. SCHOLARSHIP OF TEACHING AND LEARNING IN PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 8:404-408. [PMID: 36844034 PMCID: PMC9956306 DOI: 10.1037/stl0000315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This pedagogical prime aimed to examine whether undergraduate education in personality psychology was associated with increases in dispositional intelligence, a key variable underlying social skills. The sample consisted of students enrolled in a small Introduction to Personality college course who completed a summative performance-based assessment of their conceptual reasoning that required a complex application of their understanding of personality. On the first day of class, the students completed a dispositional intelligence scale, demonstrating their pre-course understanding of how personal adjectives (e.g., insecure) correspond to particular personality dispositions (e.g., neuroticism). They took the same scale again on the last day of class to assess if learning about the Five-Factor Model (FFM) during the class was associated with increased dispositional intelligence scores. Results from this longitudinal study revealed that participants had an increase in dispositional intelligence from the first to last day of class (d = 0.89, p = .001), especially when perceiving the dispositions of openness (d=.59, p=.04) and agreeableness (d=.69, p=.019). In conclusion, a college personality course emphasizing the Five-Factor Model was associated with increases in a measure of personality understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B Moran
- Department of Psychology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118
| | - Laura M Perry
- Department of Psychology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118
| | - Michael Hoerger
- Department of Psychology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118
| | - Damian R Murray
- Department of Psychology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118
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Crane NT, Martinelli MK, Forman EM, Butryn ML. Subjective experiences of physical activity and forecasting bias during behavioral weight loss. Obes Sci Pract 2022; 8:289-298. [PMID: 35664253 PMCID: PMC9159563 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Engagement in physical activity (PA) is a critical component of behavioral weight loss (BWL) treatment. Subjective experiences surrounding PA may shape exercise decisions and need to be further understood within a BWL sample. Methods Participants in this study were adults with overweight/obesity enrolled in an 18-month BWL program. At baseline, six, and 18 months, participants (N = 320) predicted how they would feel during a lab-based walking task and rated their experiences mid-walk and post-walk. They also completed self-report questionnaires assessing depressive symptoms and discomfort intolerance. Results and Discussion Results indicated that exercise experience and expectations were more positive at later treatment points than at baseline. At each assessment point, post-walk ratings were more positive than mid-walk ratings, but pre-walk ratings did not differ from mid-walk ratings, suggesting BWL participants were relatively accurate in predicting their PA experience. These results suggest treatment-seeking adults with overweight/obesity feel most positive upon completion of PA, may not experience a forecasting bias as hypothesized and seem to have increasingly positive PA expectations and experiences as they proceed through treatment and lose weight. Lower discomfort intolerance and depressive symptoms were associated with more positive PA expectations and experiences. Understanding these individual differences in PA experience can inform intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole T. Crane
- Department of Psychology and Center for WeightEating and Lifestyle Sciences (WELL Center)Drexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Mary K. Martinelli
- Department of Psychology and Center for WeightEating and Lifestyle Sciences (WELL Center)Drexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Evan M. Forman
- Department of Psychology and Center for WeightEating and Lifestyle Sciences (WELL Center)Drexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Meghan L. Butryn
- Department of Psychology and Center for WeightEating and Lifestyle Sciences (WELL Center)Drexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
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Epstein RM. Facing epistemic and complex uncertainty in serious illness: The role of mindfulness and shared mind. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2021; 104:2635-2642. [PMID: 34334265 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2021.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epistemic uncertainty refers to situations in which available evidence is insufficient or unreliable, often accompanied by complexity due to novel contexts, multifactorial causation, and emerging options (the "unknowable unknown"). It stands in contrast to aleatory uncertainty where probabilities are known, and potential benefits and harms can be calculated and presented graphically (the "knowable unknown"). DISCUSSION Epistemic uncertainty is common, and encompasses uncertainty about the nature of the illness, whom to entrust with one's care, and one's ability to adapt and cope. Communication about the "unknowable unknown" occurs infrequently and ineffectively, and there is little research on improving communication in the face of epistemic and complex uncertainty. Terror Management Theory (TMT) predicts that in encountering serious illness, people engage in "worldview defense" - suppressing death-related thoughts, affiliating with like-minded others, and developing cognitive rigidity and intolerance of information that challenges their worldview. Mindfulness is associated with diminished defensive worldview reactions and cognitive rigidity, and greater tolerance of ambiguity. Shared mind encompasses shared understanding and affective attunement. CONCLUSION For clinicians and seriously ill patients facing epistemic uncertainty, psychologically-informed interventions that promote mindfulness and shared mind offer promise in promoting open discussions regarding prognostic uncertainty, advance care planning, and treatment decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald M Epstein
- Center for Communication and Disparities Research, Department of Family Medicine, and Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
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8
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Emotion theories as a scoring rationale for tests of emotional understanding. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.111034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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9
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Simonet DV, Miller KE, Askew KL, Sumner KE, Mortillaro M, Schlegel K. How Multidimensional Is Emotional Intelligence? Bifactor Modeling of Global and Broad Emotional Abilities of the Geneva Emotional Competence Test. J Intell 2021; 9:14. [PMID: 33807593 PMCID: PMC8006218 DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence9010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Drawing upon multidimensional theories of intelligence, the current paper evaluates if the Geneva Emotional Competence Test (GECo) fits within a higher-order intelligence space and if emotional intelligence (EI) branches predict distinct criteria related to adjustment and motivation. Using a combination of classical and S-1 bifactor models, we find that (a) a first-order oblique and bifactor model provide excellent and comparably fitting representation of an EI structure with self-regulatory skills operating independent of general ability, (b) residualized EI abilities uniquely predict criteria over general cognitive ability as referenced by fluid intelligence, and (c) emotion recognition and regulation incrementally predict grade point average (GPA) and affective engagement in opposing directions, after controlling for fluid general ability and the Big Five personality traits. Results are qualified by psychometric analyses suggesting only emotion regulation has enough determinacy and reliable variance beyond a general ability factor to be treated as a manifest score in analyses and interpretation. Findings call for renewed, albeit tempered, research on EI as a multidimensional intelligence and highlight the need for refined assessment of emotional perception, understanding, and management to allow focused analyses of different EI abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel V. Simonet
- Department of Psychology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA; (K.L.A.); (K.E.S.)
| | - Katherine E. Miller
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Kevin L. Askew
- Department of Psychology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA; (K.L.A.); (K.E.S.)
| | - Kenneth E. Sumner
- Department of Psychology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA; (K.L.A.); (K.E.S.)
| | - Marcello Mortillaro
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Katja Schlegel
- Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;
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10
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Cabras C, Mondo M, Diana A, Sechi C. Relationships between Trait Emotional Intelligence, mood states, and future orientation among female Italian victims of Intimate Partner Violence. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05538. [PMID: 33294683 PMCID: PMC7695952 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Trait Emotional Intelligence (EI) has been associated with psychological outcomes in many conditions; however, it has received little attention in the field of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV). We explored the relationship between trait EI, mood states, and future orientation in a sample of Italian women victims of IPV. Method We recruited 409 help-seeking women who were victims of IPV. They completed the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire, Positive Affect-Negative Affect Schedule, Long-Term Personal Direction Scale, and Achievability of Future Goals Scale. Results The results showed that trait EI was associated with the future orientation of IPV victims both directly and indirectly through the mood states. Conclusions Our findings suggest potential paths for developing future psychoeducation methodologies designed at improving the quality of life of women IPV victims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cabras
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Via is Mirrionis 1, 09123, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marina Mondo
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Via is Mirrionis 1, 09123, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Angelica Diana
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Via is Mirrionis 1, 09123, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Cristina Sechi
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Via is Mirrionis 1, 09123, Cagliari, Italy
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11
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Perry LM, Hoerger M, Korotkin BD, Duberstein PR. Perceived importance of affective forecasting in cancer treatment decision making. J Psychosoc Oncol 2020; 38:687-701. [PMID: 32586210 DOI: 10.1080/07347332.2020.1768198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine whether adults with cancer view affective forecasting as important for treatment decisions, and to examine these perceptions among key subgroups. DESIGN Adults with cancer (N = 376) completed a cross-sectional survey that included demographic and clinical characteristics, the IPIP five-factor personality measure, and a rating of the perceived importance of affective forecasting for cancer treatment decisions. Descriptive statistics characterized the importance of affective forecasting. Multivariate analyses examined whether health and personality variables were associated with affective forecasting importance. FINDINGS Most participants (89.6%) identified affective forecasting as important for treatment decisions. Affective forecasting was more likely to be rated as important among patients with prostate cancer (p < .001), patients lower in neuroticism (p = .02), and patients higher in agreeableness (p = .004). Conclusions/Implications: Patients believe it is important to understand how treatments will impact their emotional well-being. Oncology clinicians should discuss with patients these consequences during healthcare decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Perry
- Department of Psychology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Michael Hoerger
- Department of Psychology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Paul R Duberstein
- Department of Health Behavior, Society, and Policy, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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12
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Villinger K, Wahl DR, König LM, Ziesemer K, Butscher S, Müller J, Reiterer H, Schupp HT, Renner B. Do We Know What We Enjoy? Accuracy of Forecasted Eating Happiness. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1187. [PMID: 32625135 PMCID: PMC7311650 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Forecasting how we will react in the future is important in every area of our lives. However, people often demonstrate an "impact bias" which leads them to inaccurately forecast their affective reactions to distinct and outstanding future events. The present study examined forecasting accuracy for a day-to-day repetitive experience for which people have a wealth of past experiences (eating happiness), along with dispositional expectations toward eating ("foodiness"). Seventy-three participants (67.12% women, M age = 41.85 years) used a smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment to assess their food intake and eating happiness over 14 days. Eating happiness experienced in-the-moment showed considerable inter-and intra-individual variation, ICC = 0.47. Comparing forecasted and in-the-moment eating happiness revealed a significant discrepancy whose magnitude was affected by dispositional expectations and the variability of the experience. The results demonstrate that biased forecasts are a general phenomenon prevalent both in outstanding and well-known experiences, while also emphasizing the importance of inter-individual differences for a detailed understanding of affective forecasting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deborah R. Wahl
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Laura M. König
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Katrin Ziesemer
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Simon Butscher
- Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jens Müller
- Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Harald Reiterer
- Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Harald T. Schupp
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Britta Renner
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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Colombo D, Fernández-Álvarez J, Suso-Ribera C, Cipresso P, García-Palacios A, Riva G, Botella C. Biased Affective Forecasting: A Potential Mechanism That Enhances Resilience and Well-Being. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1333. [PMID: 32595578 PMCID: PMC7304283 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
According to a growing body of studies, people's ability to forecast future emotional experiences is generally biased. Nonetheless, the existing literature has mainly explored affective forecasting in relation to specific events, whereas little is still known about the ability to make general estimations of future emotional states. Based on existing evidence suggesting future-oriented disposition as a key factor for mental health, the aims of the current study were (1) to investigate the relationship between negative (NA) and positive (PA) affective forecasting biases and perceived psychological well-being, and (2) to explore whether positively biased predictions are associated with resilience and foster one's skills to cope with stressful events. To do so, we asked 85 undergraduate students to forecast PA and NA over 2 weeks, as well as to report their daily affect through a web-based Ecological Momentary Assessment. According to the results, positively biased PA forecasting (i.e., overestimating positive emotional states) was associated with greater perceived psychological well-being and higher resilience. When high levels of stress were experienced, participants holding an optimistic, yet biased, estimation of future PA were more likely to successfully manage stressors, thus maintaining lower levels of NA and higher levels of positive emotions. We suggest that positively biased PA forecasting is an adaptive cognitive distortion that boosts people's resilience and mental health, thus opening new avenues for the promotion of psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desirée Colombo
- Department of Basic Psychology, Clinic and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Suso-Ribera
- Department of Basic Psychology, Clinic and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Pietro Cipresso
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
- Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Azucena García-Palacios
- Department of Basic Psychology, Clinic and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Riva
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
- Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Botella
- Department of Basic Psychology, Clinic and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Peña-Sarrionandia A, Mikolajczak M, Gross JJ. Corrigendum: Integrating emotion regulation and emotional intelligence traditions: a meta-analysis. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2610. [PMID: 31824385 PMCID: PMC6891968 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ainize Peña-Sarrionandia
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatments, University of the Basque Country, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Moïra Mikolajczak
- Department of Psychology, Research Unit for Emotion Cognition and Health, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - James J Gross
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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15
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Gutierrez D, Butts CM, Lamberson KA, Lassiter PS. Examining the Contributions of Trait Emotional Intelligence on Addiction Counselor Burnout. JOURNAL OF ADDICTIONS & OFFENDER COUNSELING 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jaoc.12056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gutierrez
- Department of School Psychology and Counselor EducationCollege of William & Mary
| | - C. Missy Butts
- Department of CounselingUniversity of North Carolina at Charlotte
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16
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Olderbak S, Semmler M, Doebler P. Four-Branch Model of Ability Emotional Intelligence With Fluid and Crystallized Intelligence: A Meta-Analysis of Relations. EMOTION REVIEW 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1754073918776776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We meta-analytically investigated relations between the four-branch model of ability emotional intelligence (EI) with fluid (Gf) and crystallized intelligence (Gc; 352 effect sizes; ntotal = 15,333). We found that for each branch, the strength of relations with Gf and Gc were equivalent. Understanding emotions has the strongest relation with Gf/Gc combined (ρ = .43, k = 81, n = 11,524), relative to facilitating thought using emotion (ρ = .19, k = 51, n = 7,254), managing emotions (ρ = .20, k = 74, n = 11,359), and perceiving emotion (ρ = .20, k = 79, n = 9,636); for the latter, relations were also moderated by stimulus type. We conclude with implications and recommendations for the study of ability EI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Olderbak
- Individual Differences and Psychological Assessment Department, Institute for Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Germany
- Statistical Methods in Social Research, TU Dortmund University, Germany
| | - Martin Semmler
- Individual Differences and Psychological Assessment Department, Institute for Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Germany
- Statistical Methods in Social Research, TU Dortmund University, Germany
| | - Philipp Doebler
- Statistical Methods in Social Research, TU Dortmund University, Germany
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17
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Ellis EM, Elwyn G, Nelson WL, Scalia P, Kobrin SC, Ferrer RA. Interventions to Engage Affective Forecasting in Health-Related Decision Making: A Meta-Analysis. Ann Behav Med 2018; 52:157-174. [PMID: 29538630 PMCID: PMC7189982 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kax024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background People often use affective forecasts, or predictions about how a decision will make them feel, to guide medical and health decision making. However, these forecasts are susceptible to biases and inaccuracies that can have consequential effects on decision making and health. Purpose A meta-analysis was performed to determine the effectiveness of intervening to address affective forecasting as a means of helping patients make better health-related choices. Methods We included between-subjects experimental and intervention studies that targeted variables related to affective forecasting (e.g., anticipated regret, anticipated affect) as a means of changing health behaviors or decisions. We determined the overall effect of these interventions on targeted affective constructs and behavioral outcomes, and whether conceptual and methodological factors moderated these effects. Results A total of 133 independent effect sizes were identified from 37 publications (N = 72,020). Overall, affective forecasting interventions changed anticipated regret, d = 0.24, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.15, 0.32), p < .001, behavior, d = 0.29, 95% CI (0.13, 0.45), p < .001, and behavioral intentions, d = 0.19, 95% CI (0.11, 0.28), p < .001, all measured immediately postintervention. Interventions did not change anticipated positive and negative affect, and effects on intentions and regret did not extend to follow-up time points, ps > .05. Generally, effects were not moderated by conceptual model, intervention intensity, or behavioral context. Conclusions Affective forecasting interventions had a small consistent effect on behavioral outcomes regardless of intervention intensity and conceptual framework, suggesting such constructs are promising intervention targets across several health domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Ellis
- Basic Biobehavioral and Psychological Sciences Branch, Behavioral Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Glyn Elwyn
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Wendy L Nelson
- Basic Biobehavioral and Psychological Sciences Branch, Behavioral Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Peter Scalia
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Sarah C Kobrin
- Basic Biobehavioral and Psychological Sciences Branch, Behavioral Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Rebecca A Ferrer
- Basic Biobehavioral and Psychological Sciences Branch, Behavioral Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
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18
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Hemenover SH, Harbke CR. Individual differences in forecast effectiveness of 5 negative affect repair strategies. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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19
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Abstract
BACKGROUND A lack of emotional skills may affect a nurse's personal well-being and have negative effects on patient outcomes. OBJECTIVE To compare psychiatric-mental health nurses' (PMHN) scores on the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT) to a normed population and compare the emotional intelligence (EI) scores of PMHNs using two tools, MSCEIT and Self-Rated Emotional Intelligence Scale (SREIS). DESIGN Comparative descriptive and correlational study. RESULTS PMHNs in the study had a higher mean EI compared with that of 5,000 participants in the normed MSCEIT sample. Significant weak correlations were seen between the perceiving and understanding emotion branches of the MSCEIT and SREIS. CONCLUSION The current study added data about a sample of PMHN's EI levels in the United States, which may encourage dialog about EI among PMHNs. Future research is needed to examine the relationship between self-report EI tools (e.g., SREIS) and performance tools (e.g., MSCEIT) to determine if they are measuring the same construct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Traci T Sims
- 1 Traci T. Sims, DNS, RN, CNS/PMH-BC, WellStar College of Health and Human Services, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw State University, GA, USA
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20
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Hoerger M, Chapman B, Duberstein P. Realistic affective forecasting: The role of personality. Cogn Emot 2016; 30:1304-16. [PMID: 26212463 PMCID: PMC5223734 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2015.1061481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Affective forecasting often drives decision-making. Although affective forecasting research has often focused on identifying sources of error at the event level, the present investigation draws upon the "realistic paradigm" in seeking to identify factors that similarly influence predicted and actual emotions, explaining their concordance across individuals. We hypothesised that the personality traits neuroticism and extraversion would account for variation in both predicted and actual emotional reactions to a wide array of stimuli and events (football games, an election, Valentine's Day, birthdays, happy/sad film clips, and an intrusive interview). As hypothesised, individuals who were more introverted and neurotic anticipated, correctly, that they would experience relatively more unpleasant emotional reactions, and those who were more extraverted and less neurotic anticipated, correctly, that they would experience relatively more pleasant emotional reactions. Personality explained 30% of the concordance between predicted and actual emotional reactions. Findings suggest three purported personality processes implicated in affective forecasting, highlight the importance of individual-differences research in this domain, and call for more research on realistic affective forecasts.
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21
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Cowden RG. Mental Toughness, Emotional Intelligence, and Coping Effectiveness: An Analysis of Construct Interrelatedness Among High-Performing Adolescent Male Athletes. Percept Mot Skills 2016; 123:737-753. [PMID: 27555364 DOI: 10.1177/0031512516666027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the interrelationships between mental toughness (MT) and two constructs also linked to athletic performance, emotional intelligence (EI) and coping effectiveness. A sample of 151 male adolescent athletes (M age = 15.4 years, SD = 1.3) completed the Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire, the Self-Rated Emotional Intelligence Scale, and an adapted version of the Coping Effectiveness Scale. The regression and mediation analysis results supported both hypotheses in that (a) EI was a significant predictor of MT and (b) the relationship between EI and coping effectiveness was fully mediated by MT. The findings suggest that EI may be an important mechanism through which mentally tough responses and outcomes are generated. Furthermore, although EI is associated with coping effectiveness, it is the attributes of MT that account for the superior coping effectiveness reported among athletes high in EI. Future research could explore whether MT may be developed through intervention programs that target EI, along with the influence of such programs on athletes' coping effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard G Cowden
- Institute of Psychology and Wellbeing, North-West University, North-West, South Africa .,Discipline of Psychology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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22
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Humphrey RH, Burch GF, Adams LL. The Benefits of Merging Leadership Research and Emotions Research. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1022. [PMID: 27458415 PMCID: PMC4934170 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A closer merging of the literature on emotions with the research on leadership may prove advantageous to both fields. Leadership researchers will benefit by incorporating the research on emotional labor, emotional regulation, and happiness. Emotions researchers will be able to more fully consider how leadership demands influence emotional processes. In particular, researchers can better understand how the workplace context and leadership demands influence affective events. The leadership literature on charisma, transformational leadership, leader-member exchange, and other theories have the potential to shed light on how rhetorical techniques and other leadership techniques influence emotional labor, emotional contagion, moods, and overall morale. Conversely, the literature on emotional labor and emotional contagion stands to provide insights into what makes leaders charismatic, transformational, or capable of developing high quality leader–follower relationships. This review examines emotions and leadership at five levels: within person, between persons, interpersonal, groups and teams, and organizational wide and integrates research on emotions, emotional contagion, and leadership to identify opportunities for future research for both emotions researchers and leadership researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald H Humphrey
- Department of Leadership and Management, Lancaster University Management School, Lancaster University Lancaster, UK
| | - Gerald F Burch
- Department of Management, Tarleton State University, Stephenville TX, USA
| | - Laural L Adams
- School of Business, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA, USA
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23
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Marroquín B, Boyle CC, Nolen-Hoeksema S, Stanton AL. Using Emotion as Information in Future-Oriented Cognition: Individual Differences in the Context of State Negative Affect. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2016; 95:121-126. [PMID: 27041783 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Predictions about the future are susceptible to mood-congruent influences of emotional state. However, recent work suggests individuals also differ in the degree to which they incorporate emotion into cognition. This study examined the role of such individual differences in the context of state negative emotion. We examined whether trait tendencies to use negative or positive emotion as information affect individuals' predictions of what will happen in the future (likelihood estimation) and how events will feel (affective forecasting), and whether trait influences depend on emotional state. Participants (N=119) reported on tendencies to use emotion as information ("following feelings"), underwent an emotion induction (negative versus neutral), and made likelihood estimates and affective forecasts for future events. Views of the future were predicted by both emotional state and individual differences in following feelings. Whereas following negative feelings affected most future-oriented cognition across emotional states, following positive feelings specifically buffered individuals' views of the future in the negative emotion condition, and specifically for positive future events, a category of future-event prediction especially important in psychological health. Individual differences may confer predisposition toward optimistic or pessimistic expectations of the future in the context of acute negative emotion, with implications for adaptive and maladaptive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Marroquín
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Chloe C Boyle
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | | | - Annette L Stanton
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
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24
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Barsics C, Van der Linden M, D'Argembeau A. Frequency, characteristics, and perceived functions of emotional future thinking in daily life. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2016; 69:217-33. [DOI: 10.1080/17470218.2015.1051560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
While many thoughts and mental images that people form about their personal future refer to emotionally significant events, there is still little empirical data on the frequency and nature of emotional future-oriented thoughts (EmoFTs) that occur in natural settings. In the present study, participants recorded EmoFTs occurring in daily life and rated their characteristics, emotional properties, and perceived functions. The results showed that EmoFTs are frequent, occur in various contexts, and are perceived to fulfil important functions, mostly related to goal pursuit and emotion regulation. When distinguishing between anticipatory and anticipated emotions (i.e., emotions experienced in the present versus emotions expected to occur in the future), a positivity bias in the frequency of EmoFTs was found to be restricted to anticipated emotions. The representational format and perceived function of EmoFTs varied according to their affective valence, and the intensity of anticipatory and anticipated emotions were influenced by the personal importance and amount of visual imagery of EmoFTs. Mood states preceding EmoFTs influenced their emotional components, which, in turn, impacted ensuing mood states. Overall, these findings shed further light on the emotional properties of future-oriented thoughts that are experienced in daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Barsics
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Cognitive Psychopathology and Neuropsychology Unit, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Martial Van der Linden
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Cognitive Psychopathology and Neuropsychology Unit, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology: Cognition and Behavior, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Arnaud D'Argembeau
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology: Cognition and Behavior, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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25
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Johnson SK, Blanchard A. Emotional Intelligence and Mental Health: Stress and Symptom Reporting Pathways. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.17744/mehc.38.1.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the pathways through which mood perception affects perceived stress and symptom reporting among undergraduate students. It examines depression, anxiety, positive affect, and negative affect as mediators between a) emotional intelligence (EI) and b) perceived stress and symptom reporting. Results indicated that on the EI measure used in this study, the Trait Meta-mood Scale (TMMS) subscales, Attention was not related to perceived stress or symptom reporting. Mood Repair and Clarity were significantly and inversely related to perceived stress and symptom reporting. Anxiety and depression were the primary mediators in these relationships.
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26
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Miloyan B, Suddendorf T. Feelings of the future. Trends Cogn Sci 2015; 19:196-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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27
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Peña-Sarrionandia A, Mikolajczak M, Gross JJ. Integrating emotion regulation and emotional intelligence traditions: a meta-analysis. Front Psychol 2015; 6:160. [PMID: 25759676 PMCID: PMC4338658 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Two relatively independent research traditions have developed that address emotion management. The first is the emotion regulation (ER) tradition, which focuses on the processes which permit individuals to influence which emotions they have, when they have them, and how they experience and express these emotions. The second is the emotional intelligence (EI) tradition, which focuses—among other things—on individual differences in ER. To integrate these two traditions, we employed the process model of ER (Gross, 1998b) to review the literature on EI. Two key findings emerged. First, high EI individuals shape their emotions from the earliest possible point in the emotion trajectory and have many strategies at their disposal. Second, high EI individuals regulate their emotions successfully when necessary but they do so flexibly, thereby leaving room for emotions to emerge. We argue that ER and EI traditions stand to benefit substantially from greater integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainize Peña-Sarrionandia
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatments, University of the Basque Country Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Moïra Mikolajczak
- Department of Psychology, Research Unit for Emotion Cognition and Health, Université Catholique de Louvain Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - James J Gross
- Department of Psychology, Standford University Standford, USA
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28
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Marroquín B, Nolen-Hoeksema S. EVENT PREDICTION AND AFFECTIVE FORECASTING IN DEPRESSIVE COGNITION: USING EMOTION AS INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUTURE. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2015; 34:117-134. [PMID: 26146452 PMCID: PMC4486478 DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2015.34.2.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Depression is characterized by a bleak view of the future, but the mechanisms through which depressed mood is integrated into basic processes of future-oriented cognition are unclear. We hypothesized that dysphoric individuals' predictions of what will happen in the future (likelihood estimation) and how the future will feel (affective forecasting) are attributable to individual differences in incorporating present emotion as judgment-relevant information. Dysphoric individuals (n = 77) made pessimistic likelihood estimates and blunted positive affective forecasts relative to controls (n = 84). These differences were mediated by dysphoric individuals' tendencies to rely on negative emotion as information more than controls-and on positive emotion less-independent of anhedonia. These findings suggest that (1) blunted positive affective forecasting is a distinctive component of depressive future-oriented cognition, and (2) future-oriented cognitive processes are linked not just to current emotional state, but also to individual variation in using that emotion as information. This role of individual differences elucidates basic mechanisms in future-oriented cognition, and suggests routes for intervention on interrelated cognitive and affective processes in depression.
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29
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Allen VD, Weissman A, Hellwig S, MacCann C, Roberts RD. Development of the situational test of emotional understanding – brief (STEU-B) using item response theory. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2014.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Chapman BP, Hampson S, Clarkin J. Personality-informed interventions for healthy aging: conclusions from a National Institute on Aging work group. Dev Psychol 2014; 50:1426-41. [PMID: 23978300 PMCID: PMC3940665 DOI: 10.1037/a0034135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We describe 2 frameworks in which personality dimensions relevant to health, such as Conscientiousness, can be used to inform interventions designed to promote health aging. First, contemporary data and theory do not suggest that personality is "immutable," but instead focus on questions of who changes, in what way, why, when, and how. In fact, the notion that personality could be changed was part and parcel of many schools of psychotherapy, which suggested that long-term and meaningful change in symptoms could not be achieved without change in relevant aspects of personality. We review intervention research documenting change in personality. On the basis of an integrative view of personality as a complex system, we describe a bottom-up model of change in which interventions to change basic personality processes eventuate in changes at the trait level. A 2nd framework leverages the descriptive and predictive power of personality to tailor individual risk prediction and treatment, as well as refine public health programs, to the relevant dispositional characteristics of the target population. These methods dovetail with, and add a systematic and rigorous psychosocial dimension to, the personalized medicine and patient-centeredness movements in medicine. In addition to improving health through earlier intervention and increased fit between treatments and persons, cost-effectiveness improvements can be realized by more accurate resource allocation. Numerous examples from the personality, health, and aging literature on Conscientiousness and other traits are provided throughout, and we conclude with a series of recommendations for research in these emerging areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John Clarkin
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College
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31
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Côté S. Emotional Intelligence in Organizations. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY AND ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR 2014. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Côté
- Joseph L. Rotman School of Management, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E6, Canada;
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32
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Hoerger M, Chapman BP, Prigerson HG, Fagerlin A, Mohile SG, Epstein RM, Lyness JM, Duberstein PR. Personality Change Pre- to Post- Loss in Spousal Caregivers of Patients with Terminal Lung Cancer. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PERSONALITY SCIENCE 2014; 5:722-729. [PMID: 25614779 DOI: 10.1177/1948550614524448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Personality is relatively stable in adulthood but could change in response to life transitions, such as caring for a spouse with a terminal illness. Using a case-control design, spousal caregivers (n=31) of patients with terminal lung cancer completed the NEO-FFI twice, 1.5 years apart, before and after the patient's death. A demographically-matched sample of community controls (n=93) completed the NEO-FFI on a similar timeframe. Based on research and theory, we hypothesized that bereaved caregivers would experience greater changes than controls in interpersonal facets of extraversion (sociability), agreeableness (prosocial, nonantagonistic), and conscientiousness (dependability). Consistent with hypotheses, bereaved caregivers experienced an increase in interpersonal orientation, becoming more sociable, prosocial, and dependable (Cohen's d = .48-.67), though there were no changes in nonantagonism. Changes were not observed in controls (ds ≤ .11). These initial findings underscore the need for more research on the effect of life transitions on personality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hoerger
- Tulane Cancer Center, New Orleans, LA, USA, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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Epstein RM. Whole mind and shared mind in clinical decision-making. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2013; 90:200-206. [PMID: 22884938 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2012.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 06/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the theory, research evidence and ethical implications regarding "whole mind" and "shared mind" in clinical practice in the context of chronic and serious illnesses. METHODS Selective critical review of the intersection of classical and naturalistic decision-making theories, cognitive neuroscience, communication research and ethics as they apply to decision-making and autonomy. RESULTS Decision-making involves analytic thinking as well as affect and intuition ("whole mind") and sharing cognitive and affective schemas of two or more individuals ("shared mind"). Social relationships can help processing of complex information that otherwise would overwhelm individuals' cognitive capacities. CONCLUSIONS Medical decision-making research, teaching and practice should consider both analytic and non-analytic cognitive processes. Further, research should consider that decisions emerge not only from the individual perspectives of patients, their families and clinicians, but also the perspectives that emerge from the interactions among them. Social interactions have the potential to enhance individual autonomy, as well as to promote relational autonomy based on shared frames of reference. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Shared mind has the potential to result in wiser decisions, greater autonomy and self-determination; yet, clinicians and patients should be vigilant for the potential of hierarchical relationships to foster coercion or silencing of the patient's voice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Mark Epstein
- Departments of Family Medicine, Psychiatry, Oncology and Nursing and the Center for Communication and Disparities Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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34
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Wenze SJ, Gunthert KC, Ahrens AH, Taylor Bos TC. Biases in Short-Term Mood Prediction in Individuals with Depression and Anxiety Symptoms. INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES RESEARCH : IDR 2013; 11:91-101. [PMID: 25339851 PMCID: PMC4203448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We used ecological momentary assessment to explore depressive and anxious biases in within-day negative and positive mood predictions. Participants (N = 120) who were higher in depression symptoms demonstrated stronger biases (i.e., were more pessimistically biased) in the prediction of negative mood and weaker biases (i.e., were less optimistically biased) in the prediction of positive mood (b01 = .002, SE = .001, p = .031 and b01 = -.008, SE = .002, p < .001, respectively). Anxiety symptoms were not associated with short-term mood prediction biases (p's > .10). Such biases might influence daily decisions and experiences as well as impact longer-term outcomes. Limitations and future research directions are discussed.
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Hoerger M. Coping strategies and immune neglect in affective forecasting: Direct evidence and key moderators. JUDGMENT AND DECISION MAKING 2012; 7:86-96. [PMID: 22375161 PMCID: PMC3286620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Affective forecasting skills have important implications for decision making. However, recent research suggests that immune neglect - the tendency to overlook coping strategies that reduce future distress - may lead to affective forecasting problems. Prior evidence for immune neglect has been indirect. More direct evidence and a deeper understanding of immune neglect are vital to informing the design of future decision-support interventions. In the current study, young adults (N = 325) supplied predicted, actual, and recollected reactions to an emotionally-evocative interpersonal event, Valentine's Day. Based on participants' qualitative descriptions of the holiday, a team of raters reliably coded the effectiveness of their coping strategies. Supporting the immune neglect hypothesis, participants overlooked the powerful role of coping strategies when predicting their emotional reactions. Immune neglect was present not only for those experiencing the holiday negatively (non-daters) but also for those experiencing it positively (daters), suggesting that the bias may be more robust than originally theorized. Immune neglect was greater for immediate emotional reactions than more enduring reactions. Further, immune neglect was conspicuously absent from recollected emotional reactions. Implications for decision-support interventions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hoerger
- Address: Michael Hoerger, University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, 300 Crittenden Blvd, Rochester, NY 14642, , Phone: 585-276-4251, Fax: 585-273-1384
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