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Scaini S, Caputi M, Giani L. Parent and Child Predictors of Internalizing and Externalizing Symptomatology during COVID-19. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1625. [PMID: 37892288 PMCID: PMC10605653 DOI: 10.3390/children10101625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 emergency has fostered an increasing risk of experiencing distress and negative emotions in parents that turned into heightened stress for children. In this study, we aim to evaluate the effects of parental stress, children's resilience, and previous adversities on the development of internalizing and externalizing symptoms in children. A series of questionnaires were completed by 158 Italian parents (148 mothers, 10 fathers, mean age = 41 years) concerning them and their school-aged children (N = 158, 76 boys, mean age = 7.4 years) at two critical time points (June 2020 and December 2020). Regression analyses showed that internalizing problems were predicted only by concurrent children's resilience, whereas externalizing problems were predicted by concurrent parental flooding, children's resilience, and early parental satisfaction. Therefore, internalizing and externalizing symptoms trajectories follow different routes and are predicted by both common and distinct factors. Supporting positive parenting attitudes and behavior should be recommended to prevent the worsening of children's externalizing behaviors. At the same time, nurturing resilience in pediatric systems might be useful in preventing or reducing children's internalizing symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Scaini
- Department of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, Ripa di Porta Ticinese 77, 20143 Milan, Italy; (S.S.); (L.G.)
- Child and Adolescent Unit, Italian Psychotherapy Clinics, Corso San Gottardo 5, 20136 Milan, Italy
| | - Marcella Caputi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via E. Weiss 21, 34128 Trieste, Italy
| | - Ludovica Giani
- Department of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, Ripa di Porta Ticinese 77, 20143 Milan, Italy; (S.S.); (L.G.)
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2
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Carvalho C, Oshri A. The Protective Role of the Autonomic Nervous System in Intergenerational Cycles of Neglect. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023:10.1007/s10578-023-01580-3. [PMID: 37561353 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-023-01580-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Offspring of parents who experienced childhood neglect are at increased risk for developing internalizing problems. Empirical evidence suggests this link is principally mediated through parenting behavior. However, such intergenerational cycles of adversity are found to be disrupted in many families. Parasympathetic nervous system functioning is well documented to mediate individuals' emotion regulation biologically. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is a validated biomarker for parasympathetic activity. The goal of the current study was to investigate the moderating role of parent RSA reactivity in the effect of parents' childhood neglect on their children's internalizing problems, through parental acceptance. Physiological and survey data were collected from 145 dyads (94% mothers; Youth Mage = 12.9, Youth SDage = 0.85). Results suggest that the effect of parents' childhood neglect on their child's internalizing problems was conditional on parents' RSA reactivity. Specifically, higher levels of parents' neglect were only linked to increased risk for youth internalizing problems if parents exhibited a lack of RSA withdrawal. Further, this moderating effect was found to be mediated through parental acceptance. Findings suggest understanding intergenerational consequences of child maltreatment contexts should include consideration of bioregulatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory Carvalho
- Human Development and Family Sciences, The Youth Development Institute, University of Georgia, 105 Foster Rd. Health Sciences Campus, 30606, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Assaf Oshri
- Human Development and Family Sciences, The Youth Development Institute, University of Georgia, 105 Foster Rd. Health Sciences Campus, 30606, Athens, GA, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Georgia, Athens, USA
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3
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Northam JC, Fisher CA, Burman C, Hawes DJ, Dadds MR. No hard feelings: maternal emotion socialization and callous-unemotional traits in children. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 31:1983-1993. [PMID: 34184116 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-021-01835-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Parents' identification and discussion of their own and their children's emotions are important emotion socialization behaviors (ESBs) that may mitigate child conduct problems (CPs). However, if parents perceive their child to be relatively unemotional, which may be the case for children with conduct problems and high callous-unemotional traits (CP + CU), these parents may be limited in their capacity to use ESBs effectively. This study tested these questions by looking at ESBs in mothers (N = 145) of children aged 2-8 years with CP + CU (n = 24), CPs and low CU traits (CP-CU; n = 94) and a non-clinical community sample (n = 27). After watching an emotional movie excerpt, mothers were asked to (1) provide ratings of their child's emotional experience and then (2) engage in a debriefing task with their child about the content. Children's expressed emotion during the excerpt and transcriptions of the debriefing task were coded by masked raters. Unexpectedly, mothers' perceptions of their children's emotion did not vary by group. Emotional ratings provided by mothers of children in the CP + CU group most closely aligned with ratings from independent observers. ESBs did not differ by group in the debriefing task. Mothers of children with CP + CU traits were shown in this study to be reliable reporters of their children's expressed emotion and showed similar rates of parental ESBs as mothers of children in the other groups. Results are discussed in reference to various models of parenting and CU traits that might account for these unexpected findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimie C Northam
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Carri A Fisher
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Charlotte Burman
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - David J Hawes
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark R Dadds
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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4
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Schneider M, Falkenberg I, Berger P. Parent-Child Play and the Emergence of Externalizing and Internalizing Behavior Problems in Childhood: A Systematic Review. Front Psychol 2022; 13:822394. [PMID: 35586226 PMCID: PMC9110017 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.822394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It has widely been accepted that play has a major role in human development. The play situation is considered a save and controlled space in which children can learn to express their problems and to regulate their emotions, thus promoting emotional and behavioral adjustment. In early childhood, this process is thought to emerge in close interaction with caregivers. Parent-child play is thus viewed as an ideal window for parents to connect with their children and to support them in their social-emotional development. In this preregistered systematic review, we sought to integrate evidence from developmental and clinical psychology to shed more light on the role of parents in the relationship between parent-child play and children's behavioral adjustment as expressed in internalizing or externalizing behavior. Our review revealed that increased harsh control during play interactions as well as a lack of parental responsiveness, warmth and sensitivity were found to be associated with increased behavioral problems. Yet, no protective effect of warmth or responsiveness could be found in the context of risk groups. Moreover, the included studies indicated that positive affect expressed by parents during parent-child play was associated with fewer behavior problems in children, while negative affect was associated with more behavior problems. In general, this review revealed that quality and quantity of playful parent-child interactions were reduced in children with behavioral problems of both domains compared to children without behavioral problems. These findings illustrate the important role of parental characteristics during play interactions and their possible impact on children's behavioral adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Irina Falkenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Marburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Berger
- Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Research Group Milestones of Early Cognitive Development, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- *Correspondence: Philipp Berger
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5
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Caputi M, Forresi B, Giani L, Michelini G, Scaini S. Italian Children's Well-Being after Lockdown: Predictors of Psychopathological Symptoms in Times of COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111429. [PMID: 34769947 PMCID: PMC8583178 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The first Italian lockdown imposed to fight the spread of COVID-19 caused important disruptions in families’ everyday lives. The main aim of this research was to investigate the predictors of psychopathology in children aged 5–10 years, immediately after the national 2-month lockdown. A total of 158 Italian parents (148 mothers, 10 fathers, mean age = 41 years) were recruited and asked to complete an online research concerning their 158 children (76 boys, mean age = 7.4 years). Parents completed questionnaires on parent–child conflict, resilience, temperament, behavior, and previous adverse childhood experiences. Hierarchical regressions showed that children’s psychopathology was predicted by low child resilience, high novelty seeking and harm avoidance, adverse experiences, and high flooding levels. Moreover, girls exposed to adverse experiences appeared more vulnerable to psychopathology. The recruitment of a convenience sample, the small sample size, and the cross-sectional design of our study limit the generalizability and interpretation of the present findings. Nonetheless, this research extends our knowledge of children’s functioning in such an exceptional period. Shedding light on predictors of children’s psychopathology following prolonged quarantine can indeed guide effective psychological interventions now and in future similar situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Caputi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via E. Weiss 21, 34128 Trieste, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Barbara Forresi
- Child and Youth Lab, Sigmund Freud University of Milan, Via Ripa di Porta Ticinese 77, 20143 Milan, Italy; (B.F.); (L.G.); (G.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Ludovica Giani
- Child and Youth Lab, Sigmund Freud University of Milan, Via Ripa di Porta Ticinese 77, 20143 Milan, Italy; (B.F.); (L.G.); (G.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Giovanni Michelini
- Child and Youth Lab, Sigmund Freud University of Milan, Via Ripa di Porta Ticinese 77, 20143 Milan, Italy; (B.F.); (L.G.); (G.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Simona Scaini
- Child and Youth Lab, Sigmund Freud University of Milan, Via Ripa di Porta Ticinese 77, 20143 Milan, Italy; (B.F.); (L.G.); (G.M.); (S.S.)
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Hawes DJ, Dadds MR. Practitioner Review: Parenting interventions for child conduct problems: reconceptualising resistance to change. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2021; 62:1166-1174. [PMID: 33543502 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Parenting interventions based on social learning theory have received extensive empirical support in the treatment of child conduct problems; yet, they fail to produce lasting gains in as many as a third of cases. Perspectives on these poor outcomes have been informed by numerous lines of research, and practitioner recommendations for improving such outcomes have often emphasized processes related to clinical engagement. In this Practitioner Review, we examine recent theory and evidence pertaining to these processes, including emerging research into the therapeutic relationship across face-to-face and eHealth treatment modalities, and the clinical engagement of both mothers and fathers. The concept of resistance to change is examined in light of these developments, and it is argued that the process of overcoming such resistance can be characterized as one of reflective practice. A novel process model based on this perspective is presented, comprising practical clinical strategies that are designed to be initiated from the earliest contacts with a family and build on one another across treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Hawes
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark R Dadds
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Chen SD, Yu Y, Li XK, Chen SQ, Ren J. Parental Self-Efficacy and Behavioral Problems in Children with Autism During COVID-19: A Moderated Mediation Model of Parenting Stress and Perceived Social Support. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2021; 14:1291-1301. [PMID: 34429669 PMCID: PMC8374842 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s327377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE COVID-19 pandemic has been verified as a public health emergency of international concern. During the special period, the health of vulnerable groups, such as children with autism, should be concerned. Some studies have been carried out to investigate the behavioral problems of children with autism during the COVID-19, but underlying mechanisms behind it is not clear. This study examines the role of parenting stress as a mediator in the relationship between parental self-efficacy and behavioral problems in Chinese children as well as the role of perceived social support as a moderator for this mediation effect. METHODS A total of 439 parents of children with autism (mean age=40.17, SD=5.26) were surveyed and completed five questionnaires (Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire, Parental Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, Parenting Stress Index-Short Form 15, Perceived Social Support Questionnaire, and Neuroticism Extraversion Openness Five Factor Inventory). The statistical analyses were conducted by SPSS 26.0 and SPSS PROCESS macro. RESULTS Controlling for neuroticism, which is highly associated with psychological changes in parents, the study found that parental self-efficacy was significantly and negatively correlated with behavioral problems in children with autism. In addition, the relationship between parental self-efficacy and behavioral problems was mediated by parenting stress. Furthermore, parenting stress moderated the indirect relationship between parental self-efficacy and behavioral problems via perceived social support. CONCLUSION These results provide direct evidences for the inextricable relationship between family, social factors and behavioral problems of children with autism. It suggest that improving perceived social support to enhance parental self-efficacy is critical to buffering against parenting stress and stabilizing children with autism during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Dan Chen
- School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Yu
- Guangzhou Haizhu Foreign Language School, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing Kai Li
- School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sui Qing Chen
- School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Ren
- School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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8
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[The Emotional Competence of Mothers and the Clinical Quality of Mother-Child Relationship in a Preschool Psychiatric Population]. Prax Kinderpsychol Kinderpsychiatr 2020; 69:22-39. [PMID: 31918644 DOI: 10.13109/prkk.2020.69.1.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The Emotional Competence of Mothers and the Clinical Quality of Mother-Child Relationship in a Preschool Psychiatric Population The quality of mother-child interaction and relationship is an essential risk factor for the development of mental disorders at preschool age. We examine maternal emotional competence and maternal level of psychopathology as predictors for the quality of mother-child relationship. At the beginning of their treatment a clinical sample of mother-child-dyads at the Child Psychiatric Family Day Hospital in Münster was assessed concerning the emotional competence of mothers (EKF), the maternal psychopathology (SCL) and the mother-child relationship quality, the latter with three different instruments reflecting the mother's, the child's and the therapist's perspective (PIR-GAS, SKEI, M-PCR). The mothers showed decreased results in the EKF scales emotional regulation, recognition of emotions and in the EKF-overall-score and presented a higher level of maternal psychopathology compared to the normal population. There is a direct relation between emotional regulation and the M-PCR scales affective bond and functional-conflict. Besides the direct influence of the maternal psychopathology, the expected moderator effect of emotional expressiveness and the M-PCR scale functional-conflict, reported by mothers, was apparent. Certain aspects of the emotional competence of mothers and their psychopathology show an influence on mother-child relationship quality. The method and the perspective of assessment are crucial to the results.
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9
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Short D. Whispering Hypnosis: Phylogenetically Programmed Behavior and a Pluralistic Understanding of Hypnosis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL HYPNOSIS 2020; 62:178-197. [PMID: 31928520 DOI: 10.1080/00029157.2019.1640180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Hypnosis is founded on a legacy of debate and zero-sum thinking as competing schools have argued for the value of one theoretical explanation at the expense of another. More recently, the discussion has turned to pluralistic modeling, with many researchers accepting four central constructs: imagination, suggestion, expectation, and trance experience. The aim of this paper is to introduce a fifth domain, instinct. Discoveries in comparative psychology, such as autoshaping and instinctual drift are used to highlight the importance of using suggestions that incorporate or are in service of phylogenetically programmed behavior. While it is not uncommon for hypnotic operators to intentionally trigger a single reflex for induction purposes, this paper shows the value of strategically incorporating constellations of reflexive behaviors and emotions that can be identified in terms of universal instincts found in humans and non-human animals; such as attachment, dominance-submission, catatonic immobility, competition, ownership, reciprocity, maternal instincts, and fraternal protectiveness. Highly complex interpersonal dynamics, which can occur during hypnosis, are simplified using the phylogenetic construct, as illustrated in clinical vignettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Short
- Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine and Health Sciences, Tempe, AZ, USA
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10
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Revisiting parent-child interactions in early childhood as relevant factor in the development of ADHD. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019; 28:1155-1157. [PMID: 31512051 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-019-01403-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Kasperzack D, Schrott B, Mingebach T, Becker K, Burghardt R, Kamp-Becker I. Effectiveness of the Stepping Stones Triple P group parenting program in reducing comorbid behavioral problems in children with autism. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2019; 24:423-436. [DOI: 10.1177/1362361319866063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Children with autism spectrum disorders often exhibit comorbid behavioral problems. These problems have an impact on the severity of the core symptoms, the progression of the disorder as well as on the families’ quality of life. We evaluated the effectiveness of the Stepping Stones Triple P group parent training program as a supplementary intervention in the treatment of children with autism spectrum disorder. Therefore, we employed a single group repeated measures design and assessed child variables via parents’ and teachers’ judgments at four successive time points. The participants were parents of 24 children with autism spectrum disorder aged between 3.6 and 12 years. We found a significant reduction of comorbid behavioral problems in the children, primarily in the parents’ judgment at follow-up. Furthermore, a reduction of the autism spectrum disorder core symptoms emerged. The teachers’ judgment particularly revealed an improvement in children’s social relationships. Effect sizes were large ( ƞ2 ranging from 0.14 to 0.23). The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the Stepping Stones Triple P as a supplementary intervention for reducing comorbid behavioral problems in the treatment of children with autism spectrum disorder. Higher parental self-efficacy and parental attributions, including parents’ ability to influence child problem behaviors, are discussed as important factors for the effectiveness of Stepping Stones Triple P.
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Treatment of child externalizing behavior problems: a comprehensive review and meta-meta-analysis on effects of parent-based interventions on parental characteristics. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019; 28:1025-1036. [PMID: 29948228 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-018-1175-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This is the first meta-meta-analysis examining the effects of parent-based interventions for children with externalizing behavior problems on parental characteristics (parenting, parental perceptions, parental mental health, parental relationship quality). Parent training interventions are recognized as evidence-based interventions for the treatment of externalizing behavior problems, although meta-analytic effects are heterogeneous. The objective of the present study was to comprehensively combine meta-analytic results on parent training interventions to arrive at valid effect predictions. Electronic databases were searched (PsycINFO, Medline, PubMed). In total, 11 meta-analyses were included that mainly comprised parents of children under the age of 13 years. Analyses were based on random effects models. Effect estimates were transformed to standardized mean differences (SMD) and corrected for primary study overlap. Results revealed a significant moderate overall effect for parenting (SMD 0.53) as well as for parents' report of parenting (SMD 0.60) and parental perceptions (SMD 0.52). Effects remained stable to follow-up. Results for observational data, parental mental health and parental relationship quality were small and only partially significant. Considerable heterogeneity within results was revealed. Overall, parent training interventions proved to be effective in improving parental characteristics for parents of children with externalizing behavior problems. Effectiveness was stronger regarding characteristics explicitly targeted by interventions. The findings should encourage health-care providers to apply evidence-based parent training interventions.
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Schorr-Sapir I, Apter A. Evidence for efficacy of parent-based interventions on parental characteristics. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019; 28:1023-1024. [PMID: 31332525 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-019-01377-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan Apter
- Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah-Tikva, Israel. .,Interdisciplinary Center, Herzliya, Israel. .,Ruppin Academic Center, Emek-Hefer, Israel.
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14
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Parenting in context: Revisiting Belsky’s classic process of parenting model in early childhood. DEVELOPMENTAL REVIEW 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dr.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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Ulrich F, Petermann F. Elterliche Emotionsdysregulation als Risikofaktor für die kindliche Entwicklung. KINDHEIT UND ENTWICKLUNG 2017. [DOI: 10.1026/0942-5403/a000225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Emotionsregulation ist eines der zentralen Themen der Entwicklungspsychopathologie. Der überwiegende Anteil an Forschungsarbeiten widmet sich der Frage zur Entwicklung von Emotionsregulation, welche als zentrale Entwicklungsaufgabe im Kindesalter erachtet wird. Die Herausbildung einer altersangemessenen Emotionsregulation besitzt eine entscheidende Bedeutung für die psychische Gesundheit und dem späteren Schulerfolg eines Kindes. Obwohl die elterliche Emotionsregulation als ein zentraler Aspekt des Erziehungsverhaltens verstanden wird, ist noch immer nicht hinreichend geklärt, wie Eltern ihre eigenen Gefühle im Erziehungskontext regulieren. Dieser Beitrag bietet einen Überblick zum aktuellen Forschungsstand zu den Auswirkungen einer elterlichen Emotions(dys)regulation auf familiäre Prozesse der kindlichen Emotionsregulation und den Entwicklungsergebnissen des Kindes. Empfehlungen für die klinische Praxis werden diskutiert.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Ulrich
- Zentrum für Klinische Psychologie und Rehabilitation der Universität Bremen
| | - Franz Petermann
- Zentrum für Klinische Psychologie und Rehabilitation der Universität Bremen
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16
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Emotion socialization and child conduct problems: A comprehensive review and meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev 2017; 54:65-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Del Vecchio T, Lorber MF, Slep AMS, Malik J, Heyman RE, Foran HM. Parental Flooding During Conflict: A Psychometric Evaluation of a New Scale. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2016; 44:1587-1597. [PMID: 26909682 PMCID: PMC4996766 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-016-0137-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Parents who are overwhelmed by the intensity and aversive nature of child negative affect - those who are experiencing flooding - may be less likely to react effectively and instead may focus on escaping the aversive situation, disciplining either overly permissively or punitively to escape quickly from child negative affect. However, there are no validated self-report measures of the degree to which parents experience flooding, impeding the exploration of these relations. Thus, we created and evaluated the Parent Flooding scale (PFS), assessing the extent to which parents believe their children's negative affect during parent-child conflicts is unexpected, overwhelming and distressing. We studied its factorial validity, reliability, and concurrent validity in a community sample of 453 couples with 3- to 7-year-old children (51.9 % girls) recruited via random digit dialing. Confirmatory factor analyses indicated a one-factor solution with excellent internal consistency. Test-retest stability over an average of 5.6 months was high. Concurrent validity was suggested by the associations of flooding with parents' aggression toward their children, overreactive and lax discipline, parenting satisfaction, and parents' anger, as well as with child externalizing behavior and negative affect. Incrementally concurrent validity analyses indicated that flooding was a unique predictor of mothers' and fathers' overreactive discipline and fathers' parent-child aggression and lax discipline, over and above the contributions of parents' anger and children's negative affect. The present results support the psychometric validity of the PFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Del Vecchio
- Department of Psychology, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA.
| | | | | | - Jill Malik
- New York University, New York City, NY, USA
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Abstract
Recently, there has been a resurgence of research on emotion, including the socialization of emotion. In this article, a heuristic model of factors contributing to the socialization of emotion is presented. Then literature relevant to the socialization of children's emotion and emotion-related behavior by parents is reviewed, including (a) parental reactions to children's emotions, (b) socializers' discussion of emotion, and (c) socializers' expression of emotion. The relevant literature is not conclusive and most of the research is correlational. However, the existing body of data provides initial support for the view that parental socialization practices have effects on children's emotional and social competence and that the socialization process is bidirectional. In particular, parental negative emotionality and negative reactions to children's expression of emotion are associated with children's negative emotionality and low social competence. In addition, possible moderators of effects such as level of emotional arousal are discussed.
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