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Roberts D, Rösler L, Wijnen JP, Thakkar KN. Associations between N-Acetylaspartate and white matter integrity in individuals with schizophrenia and unaffected relatives. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2023; 330:111612. [PMID: 36805928 PMCID: PMC10023491 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2023.111612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Compromised white matter has been reported in schizophrenia; however, few studies have investigated neurochemical abnormalities underlying microstructural differences. N-acetylaspartate (NAA) is used to synthesize myelin and is often reduced in persons with schizophrenia (PSZ) and their unaffected first-degree relatives (REL). Low levels of NAA could affect white matter by preventing the synthesis or repair of myelin. We used magnetic resonance spectroscopy and diffusion tensor imaging to investigate the relationship between NAA and white matter integrity in PSZ. REL were included to examine whether putative relationships are associated with symptom expression or illness liability. 52 controls, 23 REL and 25 PSZ underwent 7T proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and/or 3T diffusion tensor imaging. NAA in the visual cortex and basal ganglia were measured and compared across groups. Diffusivity measures were compared across groups using tract-based spatial statistics and related to NAA concentrations. Visual cortex NAA was significantly reduced in PSZ compared to controls. White matter integrity did not differ between groups. Reduced cortical and subcortical NAA were associated with diffusivity measures of poor white matter microstructure. These data suggest that levels of neural NAA may be related to white matter integrity similarly across individuals with schizophrenia, those at genetic risk, and controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Roberts
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Lara Rösler
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jannie P Wijnen
- Department of Radiology, High Field MR Research, Centre for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Katharine N Thakkar
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States.
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2
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Zouraraki C, Kyriklaki A, Economou E, Giakoumaki SG. The moderating role of early traumatic experiences on the association of schizotypal traits with visual perception. Scand J Psychol 2023; 64:10-20. [PMID: 35833570 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The findings on the association of schizotypal traits with the perception of visual illusions are scarce and inconsistent and have not taken into consideration potential effects of childhood traumatic experiences, a risk factor for schizophrenia-spectrum conditions. Thus, the present study addressed the question of potential moderating effects of early traumatic experiences on the association between different aspects of schizotypal traits with the perception of the Müller-Lyer and Navon's Hierarchical Letters (NHL) illusions. The study revealed that (a) increased suspiciousness was associated with increased liability to the Müller-Lyer illusion, when the exposure to traumatic events was high, whereas the opposite pattern was true when the exposure to traumatic events was low; (b) negative schizotypy was associated with more accurate global perception, and high disorganized schizotypy was associated with superior accuracy when target letters were present during the NHL illusion, when early traumatic experiences were at lower levels; and (c) high negative, disorganized, and total schizotypy were associated with lower accuracy when target letters were present in the NHL paradigm, when early traumatic experiences were at higher levels. The findings of the study suggest that early traumatic events differentially moderate the relationship between various aspects of schizotypal traits and visual perceptual processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysoula Zouraraki
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, Department of Psychology, University of Crete, Rethymno, Crete, Greece.,University of Crete Research Center for the Humanities, The Social and Educational Sciences (UCRC), University of Crete, Rethymno, Crete, Greece
| | - Andriani Kyriklaki
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Elias Economou
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Crete, Rethymno, Crete, Greece
| | - Stella G Giakoumaki
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, Department of Psychology, University of Crete, Rethymno, Crete, Greece.,University of Crete Research Center for the Humanities, The Social and Educational Sciences (UCRC), University of Crete, Rethymno, Crete, Greece
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3
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Kütük B, Aslan A, Aytemur A. Visual context processing and its development in gamers and non-gamers. Dev Sci 2023; 26:e13268. [PMID: 35398965 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Visual context processing was investigated in both action video game players and nonplayers using the Ebbinghaus illusion task (N = 312, 39.4% female) in a cross-sectional study design. When presented in context, players showed markedly poorer target size discrimination accuracy compared with nonplayers in the 6-, 7-, 8-, and 9-years old age groups, but this difference was reduced in 10-years old group and diminished in adults. When presented in isolation (no-context), the two groups displayed similar performance in all age groups. Furthermore, nonplayers (linear) and players (bell curve) showed profoundly different age-related differences in context processing. These findings provide evidence that players might have enhanced perceptual bias to process visual context in the transition from early childhood to early adolescence, and the differences between the two groups start at early ages and continue with distinct developmental profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahtım Kütük
- Department of Psychology, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aslı Aslan
- Department of Psychology, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Ali Aytemur
- Department of Psychology, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
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Lyu H, St Clair D, Wu R, Benson PJ, Guo W, Wang G, Liu Y, Hu S, Zhao J. Eye Movement Abnormalities Can Distinguish First-Episode Schizophrenia, Chronic Schizophrenia, and Prodromal Patients From Healthy Controls. SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN OPEN 2023; 4:sgac076. [PMID: 39145342 PMCID: PMC11207660 DOI: 10.1093/schizbullopen/sgac076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Background This study attempts to replicate in a Chinese population an earlier UK report that eye movement abnormalities can accurately distinguish schizophrenia (SCZ) cases from healthy controls (HCs). It also seeks to determine whether first-episode SCZ differ from chronic SCZ and whether these eye movement abnormalities are enriched in psychosis risk syndrome (PRS). Methods The training set included 104 Chinese HC and 60 Chinese patients with SCZ, and the testing set included 20 SCZ patients and 20 HC from a UK cohort. An additional 16 individuals with PRS were also enrolled. Eye movements of all participants were recorded during free-viewing, smooth pursuit, and fixation stability tasks. Group differences in 55 performance measures were compared and a gradient-boosted decision tree model was built for predictive analyses. Results Extensive eye-movement abnormalities were observed in patients with SCZ on almost all eye-movement tests. On almost all individual variables, first-episode patients showed no statistically significant differences compared with chronic patients. The classification model was able to discriminate patients from controls with an area under the curve of 0.87; the model also classified 88% of PRS individuals as SCZ-like. Conclusions Our findings replicate and extend the UK results. The overall accuracy of the Chinese study is virtually identical to the UK findings. We conclude that eye-movement abnormalities appear early in the natural history of the disorder and can be considered as potential trait markers for SCZ diathesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Lyu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder’s Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Psychiatry and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - David St Clair
- Division of Applied Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Renrong Wu
- Department of Psychiatry and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Philip J Benson
- Department of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Wenbin Guo
- Department of Psychiatry and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaohua Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder’s Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingping Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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The impact of visual dysfunctions in recent-onset psychosis and clinical high-risk state for psychosis. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:2051-2060. [PMID: 35982238 PMCID: PMC9556592 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01385-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Subtle subjective visual dysfunctions (VisDys) are reported by about 50% of patients with schizophrenia and are suggested to predict psychosis states. Deeper insight into VisDys, particularly in early psychosis states, could foster the understanding of basic disease mechanisms mediating susceptibility to psychosis, and thereby inform preventive interventions. We systematically investigated the relationship between VisDys and core clinical measures across three early phase psychiatric conditions. Second, we used a novel multivariate pattern analysis approach to predict VisDys by resting-state functional connectivity within relevant brain systems. VisDys assessed with the Schizophrenia Proneness Instrument (SPI-A), clinical measures, and resting-state fMRI data were examined in recent-onset psychosis (ROP, n = 147), clinical high-risk states of psychosis (CHR, n = 143), recent-onset depression (ROD, n = 151), and healthy controls (HC, n = 280). Our multivariate pattern analysis approach used pairwise functional connectivity within occipital (ON) and frontoparietal (FPN) networks implicated in visual information processing to predict VisDys. VisDys were reported more often in ROP (50.34%), and CHR (55.94%) than in ROD (16.56%), and HC (4.28%). Higher severity of VisDys was associated with less functional remission in both CHR and ROP, and, in CHR specifically, lower quality of life (Qol), higher depressiveness, and more severe impairment of visuospatial constructability. ON functional connectivity predicted presence of VisDys in ROP (balanced accuracy 60.17%, p = 0.0001) and CHR (67.38%, p = 0.029), while in the combined ROP + CHR sample VisDys were predicted by FPN (61.11%, p = 0.006). These large-sample study findings suggest that VisDys are clinically highly relevant not only in ROP but especially in CHR, being closely related to aspects of functional outcome, depressiveness, and Qol. Findings from multivariate pattern analysis support a model of functional integrity within ON and FPN driving the VisDys phenomenon and being implicated in core disease mechanisms of early psychosis states.
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Zhuo C, Xiao B, Ji F, Lin X, Jiang D, Tian H, Xu Y, Wang W, Chen C. Patients with first-episode untreated schizophrenia who experience concomitant visual disturbances and auditory hallucinations exhibit co-impairment of the brain and retinas-a pilot study. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 15:1533-1541. [PMID: 32748321 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-020-00351-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
There are limited structural brain and retina alteration data from schizophrenia patients who experience visual disturbances (VDs) with or without auditory hallucinations (AHs). We compared brain and retina alterations between first-episode untreated schizophrenia patients with VDs (FUSCH-VDs) with versus without AHs, and between patients and healthy controls (HCs)(N = 30/group). VDs, AHs, gray matter volumes (GMVs), and retinal thicknesses were evaluated with the Bonn Scale for Assessment of Basic Symptoms (BSABS) scale, the Auditory Hallucinations Rating Scale (AHRS), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and optical coherence tomography (OCT), respectively. Compared to HCs, FUSCH-VDs had reduced GMVs, mainly in dorsal V3/V3A and V5 regions, the fusiform gyrus, and ventral V4 and V8 regions. Most FUSCH-VDs (85.0%; 51/60) had primary visual cortex-retina co-impairments. FUSCH-VDs with AHs had more serious and larger scope GMV reductions than FUSCH-VDs without AHs. FUSCH-VDs with AHs had significant retinal thickness reductions compared to HCs. Primary visual cortex-retina co-impairments were found to be more common, and more pronounced when present, in FUSCH-VDs with AHs than in FUSCH-VDs without AHs. The present findings support the notion that VDs and AHs may have reciprocal deteriorating actions in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjun Zhuo
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272119, Shandong, China. .,Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics Laboratory, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China. .,Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics-Comorbidity Laboratory, Tianjin Mental Health Centre, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Teaching Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300222, China.
| | - Bo Xiao
- Department of OCT, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300034, China
| | - Feng Ji
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272119, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaodong Lin
- Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics Laboratory, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Deguo Jiang
- Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics Laboratory, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Hongjun Tian
- Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics-Comorbidity Laboratory, Tianjin Mental Health Centre, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Teaching Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,MDT Center for Cognitive Impairment and Sleep Disorders, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Wenqiang Wang
- Co-collaboration Laboratory of China and Canada, Xiamen Xianyue Hospital and University of Alberta, Xiamen, 361000, Fujian, China
| | - Ce Chen
- Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics Laboratory, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
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Associations between long-term psychosis risk, probabilistic category learning, and attenuated psychotic symptoms with cortical surface morphometry. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 16:91-106. [PMID: 34218406 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-021-00479-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies have consistently found structural cortical abnormalities in individuals with schizophrenia, especially in structural hubs. However, it is unclear what abnormalities predate psychosis onset and whether abnormalities are related to behavioral performance and symptoms associated with psychosis risk. Using surface-based morphometry, we examined cortical volume, gyrification, and thickness in a psychosis risk group at long-term risk for developing a psychotic disorder (n = 18; i.e., extreme positive schizotypy plus interview-rated attenuated psychotic symptoms [APS]) and control group (n = 19). Overall, the psychosis risk group exhibited cortical abnormalities in multiple structural hub regions, with abnormalities associated with poorer probabilistic category learning, a behavioral measure strongly associated with psychosis risk. For instance, the psychosis risk group had hypogyria in a right posterior midcingulate cortical hub and left superior parietal cortical hub, as well as decreased volume in a right pericalcarine hub. Morphometric measures in all of these regions were also associated with poorer probabilistic category learning. In addition to decreased right pericalcarine volume, the psychosis risk group exhibited a number of other structural abnormalities in visual network structural hub regions, consistent with previous evidence of visual perception deficits in psychosis risk. Further, severity of APS hallucinations, delusional ideation, and suspiciousness/persecutory ideas were associated with gyrification abnormalities, with all domains associated with hypogyria of the right lateral orbitofrontal cortex. Thus, current results suggest that structural abnormalities, especially in structural hubs, are present in psychosis risk and are associated both with poor learning on a psychosis risk-related task and with APS severity.
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8
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Mittal VA, Ellman LM, Strauss GP, Walker EF, Corlett PR, Schiffman J, Woods SW, Powers AR, Silverstein SM, Waltz JA, Zinbarg R, Chen S, Williams T, Kenney J, Gold JM. Computerized Assessment of Psychosis Risk. JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND BRAIN SCIENCE 2021; 6:e210011. [PMID: 34307899 PMCID: PMC8302046 DOI: 10.20900/jpbs.20210011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Early detection and intervention with young people at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis is critical for prevention efforts focused on altering the trajectory of psychosis. Early CHR research largely focused on validating clinical interviews for detecting at-risk individuals; however, this approach has limitations related to: (1) specificity (i.e., only 20% of CHR individuals convert to psychosis) and (2) the expertise and training needed to administer these interviews is limited. The purpose of our study is to develop the computerized assessment of psychosis risk (CAPR) battery, consisting of behavioral tasks that require minimal training to administer, can be administered online, and are tied to the neurobiological systems and computational mechanisms implicated in psychosis. The aims of our study are as follows: (1A) to develop a psychosis-risk calculator through the application of machine learning (ML) methods to the measures from the CAPR battery, (1B) evaluate group differences on the risk calculator score and test the hypothesis that the risk calculator score of the CHR group will differ from help-seeking and healthy controls, (1C) evaluate how baseline CAPR battery performance relates to symptomatic outcome two years later (i.e., conversion and symptomatic worsening). These aims will be explored in 500 CHR participants, 500 help-seeking individuals, and 500 healthy controls across the study sites. This project will provide a next-generation CHR battery, tied to illness mechanisms and powered by cutting-edge computational methods that can be used to facilitate the earliest possible detection of psychosis risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay A. Mittal
- Institutes for Policy Research (IPR) and Innovations in Developmental Sciences (DevSci), Departments of Psychology, Psychiatry, Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Lauren M. Ellman
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Gregory P. Strauss
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Elaine F. Walker
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | - Jason Schiffman
- Department of Psychological Science, 4201 Social and Behavioral Sciences Gateway, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Scott W. Woods
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Albert R. Powers
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Steven M. Silverstein
- Center for Visual Science, Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - James A. Waltz
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA
| | - Richard Zinbarg
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- The Family Institute at Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Shuo Chen
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA
| | - Trevor Williams
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Joshua Kenney
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - James M. Gold
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA
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Abstract
About 40% of schizophrenia patients report discrete visual disturbances which could occur if saccadic suppression, the decrease of visual sensitivity around saccade onset, is impaired. Two mechanisms contribute to saccadic suppression: efference copy processing and backwards masking. Both are reportedly altered in schizophrenia. However, saccadic suppression has not been investigated in schizophrenia. 17 schizophrenia patients and 18 healthy controls performed a saccadic suppression task using a Gabor stimulus with individually adjusted contrast, which was presented within an interval 300 ms around saccade onset. Visual disturbance scores were higher in patients than controls, but saccadic suppression strength and time course were similar in both groups with lower saccadic suppression rates being similarly related to smaller saccade amplitudes. Saccade amplitudes in the saccadic suppression task were reduced in patients, in contrast to unaltered amplitudes during a saccade control task. Notably, smaller saccade amplitudes were related to higher visual disturbances scores in patients. Saccadic suppression performance was unrelated to symptom expression and antipsychotic medication. Unaltered saccadic suppression in patients suggests sufficiently intact efference copy processing and backward masking as required for this task. Instead, visual disturbances in patients may be related to restricted saccadic amplitudes arising from cognitive load while completing a task.
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Zhuo C, Xiao B, Chen C, Jiang D, Li G, Ma X, Li R, Wang L, Xu Y, Zhou C, Lin X. Abberant inverted U-shaped brain pattern and trait-related retinal impairment in schizophrenia patients with combined auditory and visual hallucinations: a pilot study. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 15:738-747. [PMID: 32304019 PMCID: PMC8032576 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-020-00281-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenic patients often experience auditory hallucinations (AHs) and visual hallucinations (VHs). However, brain and retinal alterations associated with combined AHs and VHs in schizophrenic patients are unknown. This study aimed o investigate brain and retinal alterations in first episode un-treated schizophrenic patients with combined AHs and VHs (FUSCHAV). FUSCHAV patients (n = 120), divided into four groups according to severity of AH and VH symptoms, were compared to healthy controls (n = 30). Gray matter volume (GMV) and global functional connectivity density (gFCD) were recorded to reflect brain structure and functional alterations. Total retinal thickness was acquired by optical coherence tomography to assess retinal impairment. The majority of FUSCHAV patients (85.8%) demonstrated both GMV reduction and gFCD increases along with retinal thinning compared to healthy controls. The severity of GMV reduction and gFCD increase differed between patient groups, ranked from highest to lowest severity as follows: severe AHs combined with severe VHs (FUSCHSASV, 20 patients), moderate AHs combined with severe VHs (FUSCHMASV, 23 patients), severe AHs combined with moderate VHs (FUSCHSAMV, 28 patients), and moderate AHs combined with moderate VHs (FUSCHMAMV, 26). Retinal impairment was similar among the four FUSCHAV groups. GMV reduction and gFCD increases in the frontal-parietal lobule show an inverted U-shaped pattern among FUSCHAV patients according to AH and VH severity, while retinal impairment remains stable among FUSCHAV groups. These findings indicate a reciprocal deterioration in auditory and visual disturbances among FUSCHAV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjun Zhuo
- Department of Psychiatry Pattern Recognition, Department of Genetics Laboratory of Schizophrenia, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272119, Shandong Province, China.
- Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
- Department of Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics and Co-morbidity Laboratory(PNGC_Lab), Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Mental Health Center, Tianjin Medical University Mental Heath Teaching Hospital, Tianjin, 300222, China.
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
- MDT Center for Cognitive Impairment and Sleep Disorders, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
- Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300074, China.
- Department of Medical Big Data Centre, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Bo Xiao
- Department of OCT, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300274, China
| | - Ce Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Deguo Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Gongying Li
- Department of Psychiatry Pattern Recognition, Department of Genetics Laboratory of Schizophrenia, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272119, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Department of Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics and Co-morbidity Laboratory(PNGC_Lab), Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Mental Health Center, Tianjin Medical University Mental Heath Teaching Hospital, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Ranli Li
- Department of Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics and Co-morbidity Laboratory(PNGC_Lab), Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Mental Health Center, Tianjin Medical University Mental Heath Teaching Hospital, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics and Co-morbidity Laboratory(PNGC_Lab), Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Mental Health Center, Tianjin Medical University Mental Heath Teaching Hospital, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chunhua Zhou
- Department of Pharmacoloy, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical Universtiy, Shijiazhuang, 05000, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Xiaodong Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
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11
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Pokorny VJ, Lano TJ, Schallmo MP, Olman CA, Sponheim SR. Reduced influence of perceptual context in schizophrenia: behavioral and neurophysiological evidence. Psychol Med 2021; 51:786-794. [PMID: 31858929 PMCID: PMC7444089 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719003751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate perception of visual contours is essential for seeing and differentiating objects in the environment. Both the ability to detect visual contours and the influence of perceptual context created by surrounding stimuli are diminished in people with schizophrenia (SCZ). The central aim of the present study was to better understand the biological underpinnings of impaired contour integration and weakened effects of perceptual context. Additionally, we sought to determine whether visual perceptual abnormalities reflect genetic factors in SCZ and are present in other severe mental disorders. METHODS We examined behavioral data and event-related potentials (ERPs) collected during the perception of simple linear contours embedded in similar background stimuli in 27 patients with SCZ, 23 patients with bipolar disorder (BP), 23 first-degree relatives of SCZ, and 37 controls. RESULTS SCZ exhibited impaired visual contour detection while BP exhibited intermediate performance. The orientation of neighboring stimuli (i.e. flankers) relative to the contour modulated perception across all groups, but SCZ exhibited weakened suppression by the perceptual context created by flankers. Late visual (occipital P2) and cognitive (centroparietal P3) neural responses showed group differences and flanker orientation effects, unlike earlier ERPs (occipital P1 and N1). Moreover, behavioral effects of flanker context on contour perception were correlated with modulation in P2 & P3 amplitudes. CONCLUSION In addition to replicating and extending findings of abnormal contour integration and visual context modulation in SCZ, we provide novel evidence that the abnormal use of perceptual context is associated with higher-order sensory and cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor J. Pokorny
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA
| | - Timothy J. Lano
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michael-Paul Schallmo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Cheryl A. Olman
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Scott R. Sponheim
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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12
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Silverstein SM, Lai A. The Phenomenology and Neurobiology of Visual Distortions and Hallucinations in Schizophrenia: An Update. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:684720. [PMID: 34177665 PMCID: PMC8226016 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.684720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is characterized by visual distortions in ~60% of cases, and visual hallucinations (VH) in ~25-50% of cases, depending on the sample. These symptoms have received relatively little attention in the literature, perhaps due to the higher rate of auditory vs. visual hallucinations in psychotic disorders, which is the reverse of what is found in other neuropsychiatric conditions. Given the clinical significance of these perceptual disturbances, our aim is to help address this gap by updating and expanding upon prior reviews. Specifically, we: (1) present findings on the nature and frequency of VH and distortions in schizophrenia; (2) review proposed syndromes of VH in neuro-ophthalmology and neuropsychiatry, and discuss the extent to which these characterize VH in schizophrenia; (3) review potential cortical mechanisms of VH in schizophrenia; (4) review retinal changes that could contribute to VH in schizophrenia; (5) discuss relationships between findings from laboratory measures of visual processing and VH in schizophrenia; and (6) integrate findings across biological and psychological levels to propose an updated model of VH mechanisms, including how their content is determined, and how they may reflect vulnerabilities in the maintenance of a sense of self. In particular, we emphasize the potential role of alterations at multiple points in the visual pathway, including the retina, the roles of multiple neurotransmitters, and the role of a combination of disinhibited default mode network activity and enhanced state-related apical/contextual drive in determining the onset and content of VH. In short, our goal is to cast a fresh light on the under-studied symptoms of VH and visual distortions in schizophrenia for the purposes of informing future work on mechanisms and the development of targeted therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Silverstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States.,Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Adriann Lai
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
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13
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Chen X, Chen C, Ji F, Xu Y, Wang W, Lin X, Jiang D, Song X, Gao X, Tian H, Zhuo C, Zhang J. Irreversible Primary Visual Cortex Impairment in a Mouse Model of High-Risk Schizophrenia. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2021; 17:277-282. [PMID: 33542631 PMCID: PMC7853429 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s246163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Although visual deficits can be observed at any stage of schizophrenia, few studies have focused on visual cortex alterations in individuals at high risk of schizophrenia. This study aimed to investigate the pathological changes of the primary visual cortex in a prenatal mouse model of MK801-induced high-risk schizophrenia. METHODS The high-risk schizophrenia model was generated by MK801 injection into pregnant mice. The male offspring without schizophrenia-like behaviors in early adulthood were defined as the high-risk mouse model of schizophrenia (HRMMS) and divided into two groups. One HRMMS group received the antipsychotic agent risperidone beginning at postnatal week 4 and another group did not receive any treatment. After treatment for 4 weeks, in vivo two-photon calcium imaging was performed to characterize the primary visual cortex activity. The novel object recognition test and the prepulse inhibition apparatus test were also implemented to assess the cognitive and behavioral performance, respectively. RESULTS Both groups of HRMMS mice, with or without antipsychotic treatment, had decreased neuronal calcium activity, demonstrating primary visual cortex impairment. More notably, antipsychotic treatment did not normalize the impaired neuronal activities in the primary visual cortex. Correspondingly, the treatment did not improve the cognitive or behavioral impairment. CONCLUSION Visual cortex impairment might be a prominent feature of individuals at high risk of schizophrenia that cannot be normalized by early treatment with antipsychotic medication, indicating the presence of independent regulatory pathways for visual perception disturbance in schizophrenia. Thus, visual system impairment in schizophrenic patients must be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Chen
- Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics-Comorbidity Laboratory (PNGC_Lab), Tianjin Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Teaching Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin 300222, People's Republic of China
| | - Ce Chen
- Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics Laboratory, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Ji
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining 272119, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, MDT Center for Cognitive Impairment and Sleep Disorders, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqiang Wang
- Co-Collaboration Laboratory of China and Canada, Xiamen Xianyue Hospital and University of Alberta, Xiamen 361000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Lin
- Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics Laboratory, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Deguo Jiang
- Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics Laboratory, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqin Song
- The First Affiliated Hospital/Zhengzhou University, Biological Psychiatry International Joint Laboratory of Henan/Zhengzhou University, Henan Psychiatric Transformation Research Key Laboratory/Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyang Gao
- Health Management Institute, Center for Statistical Analysis of Medical Data, Medical Big Data Analysis Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjun Tian
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry Biological Imaging Laboratory (NPBI_Lab), Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin 200024, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanjun Zhuo
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry Biological Imaging Laboratory (NPBI_Lab), Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin 200024, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingliang Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325007, People's Republic of China
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14
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Klein SD, Olman CA, Sponheim SR. Perceptual Mechanisms of Visual Hallucinations and Illusions in Psychosis. JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND BRAIN SCIENCE 2020; 5:e200020. [PMID: 32944656 PMCID: PMC7494209 DOI: 10.20900/jpbs.20200020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Psychosis has been associated with neural anomalies across a number of brain regions and cortical networks. Nevertheless, the exact pathophysiology of the disorder remains unclear. Aberrant visual perceptions such as hallucinations are evident in psychosis, while the occurrence of visual distortions is elevated in individuals with genetic liability for psychosis. The overall goals of this project are to: (1) use psychophysical tasks and neuroimaging to characterize deficits in visual perception; (2) acquire a mechanistic understanding of these deficits through development and validation of a computational model; and (3) determine if said mechanisms mark genetic liability for psychosis. Visual tasks tapping both low- and high-level visual processing are being completed as individuals with psychotic disorders (IPD), first-degree biological siblings of IPDs (SibIPDs) and healthy controls (HCs) undergo 248-channel magneto-encephalography (MEG) recordings followed by 7 Tesla functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). By deriving cortical source signals from MEG and MRI data, we will characterize the timing, location and coordination of neural processes. We hypothesize that IPDs prone to visual hallucinations will exhibit deviant functions within early visual cortex, and that aberrant contextual influences on visual perception will involve higher-level visual cortical regions and be associated with visual hallucinations. SibIPDs who experience visual distortions-but not hallucinations-are hypothesized to exhibit deficits in higher-order visual processing reflected in abnormal inter-regional neural synchronization. We hope the results lead to the development of targeted interventions for psychotic disorders, as well as identify useful biomarkers for aberrant neural functions that give rise to psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel D. Klein
- Clinical Science and Psychopathology Research Program, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 75 East River Road, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Cheryl A. Olman
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 75 East River Road, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 2021 6th St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Scott R. Sponheim
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, 1 Veterans Dr, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of Minnesota, 606 24th Ave S, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
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15
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Zhuo C, Chen M, Xu Y, Jiang D, Chen C, Ma X, Li R, Sun Y, Li Q, Zhou C, Lin X. Reciprocal deterioration of visual and auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia presents V-shaped cognition impairment and widespread reduction in brain gray matter-A pilot study. J Clin Neurosci 2020; 79:154-159. [PMID: 33070887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2020.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenic patients often experience visual hallucinations (VHs) and auditory hallucinations (AHs); however, brain aberrations associated with combined VH and AH in schizophrenic patients remains poorly documented. Changes to the brain and cognition during the first episode of untreated schizophrenic patients (FUSCH) with both VHs and AHs (FUSCHVA) were evaluated. One-hundred and fifty-seven patients were enrolled that had FUSCH (1) with VHs but not AHs (FUSCHV), and (2) with AHs but not VHs (FUSCHA), plus FUSCHVA and healthy controls (n = 30). Gray matter volume (GMV) and MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) was measured to reflect impairments to the brain and cognition, respectively. FUSCHVA patients had the severest cognitive impairment for all components of the MCCB, followed by FUSCHV and FUSCHA patients. Compared to healthy patients, FUSCHVA patients had reduced GMV in the occipital, parietal, frontal, and temporal cortex, and increased GMV in the hippocampus and striatum. Compared to FUSCHV patients, FUSCHVA patients had reduced GMV in the occipital cortex and postcentral gyrus, and increased GMV in the posterio-parietal lobe. Compared to patients with FUSCHA, the GMV in patients with FUSCHVV was reduced in the occipital cortex and posterio parietal lobe. In conclusion, visual and auditory hallucinations appear to deteriorate reciprocally in FUSCHVA patients, accompanied with sever cognitive impairments. Compared to AHs, VHs might be accompanied with severe GMV impairment in the brain, especially in the primary visual cortex and higher perception integration cortex (posterio parietal lobe) in patients with FUSCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjun Zhuo
- Department of Neuroimage-Genetics Laboratory of Schizophrenia, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining 272119, Shandong Province, China; Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; MDT Center for Cognitive Impairment and Sleep Disorders, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; Department of Psychiatric-Neuroimage-Genetics, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, China; Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics and Co-morbidity Laboratory (PNGC_Lab), Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Mental Health Center, Tianjin Medical University Mental Heath Teaching Hospital, 300222 Tianjin, China; Key labaratory of Real Time of Brain Circuits Tracing For Neurology and Psychiatry, Tianjin Medical University Affiliated Tianjin Forth Centre Hospital, Tianjin Fourth Centre Hospital, Tianjin 300024, China.
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Neuroimage-Genetics Laboratory of Schizophrenia, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining 272119, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; MDT Center for Cognitive Impairment and Sleep Disorders, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Deguo Jiang
- Department of Psychiatric-Neuroimage-Genetics, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Ce Chen
- Department of Psychiatric-Neuroimage-Genetics, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics and Co-morbidity Laboratory (PNGC_Lab), Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Mental Health Center, Tianjin Medical University Mental Heath Teaching Hospital, 300222 Tianjin, China
| | - Ranli Li
- Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics and Co-morbidity Laboratory (PNGC_Lab), Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Mental Health Center, Tianjin Medical University Mental Heath Teaching Hospital, 300222 Tianjin, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics and Co-morbidity Laboratory (PNGC_Lab), Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Mental Health Center, Tianjin Medical University Mental Heath Teaching Hospital, 300222 Tianjin, China
| | - Qianchen Li
- Department of Pharmacoloy, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 05000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Chunhua Zhou
- Department of Pharmacoloy, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 05000, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Xiaodong Lin
- Department of Pharmacoloy, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 05000, Hebei Province, China
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16
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Zhuo C, Xiao B, Chen C, Jiang D, Li G, Ma X, Li R, Wang L, Xu Y, Zhou C, Lin X. Antipsychotic agents deteriorate brain and retinal function in schizophrenia patients with combined auditory and visual hallucinations: A pilot study and secondary follow-up study. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01611. [PMID: 32285647 PMCID: PMC7303384 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Schizophrenia patients often experience auditory hallucinations (AHs) and visual hallucinations (VHs). However, the degree and type of brain and retinal alterations associated with combined AHs and VHs in schizophrenia patients remain unknown. There is an urgent need for a study that investigates the trajectory of brain and retinal alterations in patients with first-episode untreated schizophrenia accompanied by combined AHs and VHs (FUSCHAV). METHODS FUSCHAV patients (n = 120), divided into four groups according to AH and VH symptom severity (severe AHs combined with severe VHs [FUSCHSASV, 20 patients]; middle-to-moderate AHs combined with severe VHs [FUSCHMASV, 23 patients]; severe AHs combined with middle-to-moderate VHs [FUSCHSAMV, 28 patients]; and middle-to-moderate AHs combined with middle-to-moderate VHs [FUSCHMAMV, 26 patients]), were compared to healthy controls (n = 30). Gray matter volume (GMV) was adopted for brain structural alteration assessment. Total retinal thickness was adopted as a measure of retinal thickness impairment. RESULTS In the pilot study, the rate of GMV reduction showed an inverted U-shaped pattern across the different FUSCHAV patient groups according to AH and VH severity. The degree of retinal impairment remained stable across the groups. More notably, in the secondary follow-up study, we observed that, after 6 months of treatment with antipsychotic agents, all the GMV reduction-related differences across the different patient groups disappeared, and both GMV and retinal thickness demonstrated a tendency to deteriorate. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate the need for heightened alertness on brain and retinal impairments in patients with FUSCHAV. Further deteriorations induced by antipsychotic agent treatment should be monitored in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjun Zhuo
- Department of Psychiatry Pattern Recognition, Laboratory of Schizophrenia, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.,Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Schizophrenia, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics and Co-morbidity Laboratory (PNGC_Lab), Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Mental Health Center, Tianjin Medical University Mental Health Teaching Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,MDT Center for Cognitive Impairment and Sleep Disorders, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Department of OCT, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ce Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Deguo Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Gongying Li
- Department of Psychiatry Pattern Recognition, Laboratory of Schizophrenia, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.,Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Schizophrenia, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Department of Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics and Co-morbidity Laboratory (PNGC_Lab), Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Mental Health Center, Tianjin Medical University Mental Health Teaching Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ranli Li
- Department of Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics and Co-morbidity Laboratory (PNGC_Lab), Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Mental Health Center, Tianjin Medical University Mental Health Teaching Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics and Co-morbidity Laboratory (PNGC_Lab), Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Mental Health Center, Tianjin Medical University Mental Health Teaching Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,MDT Center for Cognitive Impairment and Sleep Disorders, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chunhua Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaodong Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
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17
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Chen X, Cai Z, Ji F, Lin X, Jiang D, Lin C, Ma X, Xu Y, Wang W, Zheng L, Chen C, Zhuo C. Paroxetine can improve primary visual cortex activity in a high-risk mouse model of schizophrenia. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2020.1837009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Chen
- Department of Psychiatric-Neuroimging-Genetics and Comorbidity Laboratory (PNGC_Lab), Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Ziyao Cai
- Department of Psychiatry and Micro-imaging Centre, Wenzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Feng Ji
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Lin
- Department of Psychiatry and Micro-imaging Centre, Wenzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Deguo Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry and Micro-imaging Centre, Wenzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Chongguang Lin
- Department of Psychiatry and Micro-imaging Centre, Wenzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Department of Psychiatric-Neuroimging-Genetics and Comorbidity Laboratory (PNGC_Lab), Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China
- MDT Center for Cognitive Impairment and Sleep Disorders, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Wenqiang Wang
- Canada and China Joint Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Xiamen Xianye Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Lidan Zheng
- Department of Psychiatric-Neuroimging-Genetics and Comorbidity Laboratory (PNGC_Lab), Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Ce Chen
- Department of Psychiatric-Neuroimging-Genetics and Comorbidity Laboratory (PNGC_Lab), Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Chuanjun Zhuo
- Department of Psychiatric-Neuroimging-Genetics and Comorbidity Laboratory (PNGC_Lab), Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
- Department of Psychiatry and Micro-imaging Centre, Wenzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Wenzhou, PR China
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Real Time Brain Circuits Tracing Of Neurology and Psychiatry (RTBNB_Lab), Tianjin fourth center Hospital, Tianjin Medical affiliated Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, Nankai University affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
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18
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Türközer HB, Hasoğlu T, Chen Y, Norris LA, Brown M, Delaney-Busch N, Kale EH, Pamir Z, Boyacı H, Kuperberg G, Lewandowski KE, Topçuoğlu V, Öngür D. Integrated assessment of visual perception abnormalities in psychotic disorders and relationship with clinical characteristics. Psychol Med 2019; 49:1740-1748. [PMID: 30178729 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291718002477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The visual system is recognized as an important site of pathology and dysfunction in schizophrenia. In this study, we evaluated different visual perceptual functions in patients with psychotic disorders using a potentially clinically applicable task battery and assessed their relationship with symptom severity in patients, and with schizotypal features in healthy participants. METHODS Five different areas of visual functioning were evaluated in patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder (n = 28) and healthy control subjects (n = 31) using a battery that included visuospatial working memory (VSWM), velocity discrimination (VD), contour integration, visual context processing, and backward masking tasks. RESULTS The patient group demonstrated significantly lower performance in VD, contour integration, and VSWM tasks. Performance did not differ between the two groups on the visual context processing task and did not differ across levels of interstimulus intervals in the backward masking task. Performances on VSWM, VD, and contour integration tasks were correlated with negative symptom severity but not with other symptom dimensions in the patient group. VSWM and VD performances were also correlated with negative sychizotypal features in healthy controls. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results demonstrate significant abnormalities in multiple visual processing tasks in patients with psychotic disorders, adding to the literature implicating visual abnormalities in these conditions. Furthermore, our results show that visual processing impairments are associated with the negative symptom dimension in patients as well as healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tuna Hasoğlu
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, and Harvard Medical School,Boston, MA,USA
| | - Yue Chen
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, and Harvard Medical School,Boston, MA,USA
| | | | - Meredith Brown
- Department of Psychology,Tufts University,Medford, MA,USA
| | | | - Emre H Kale
- Brain Research Center, Ankara University,Ankara,Turkey
| | - Zahide Pamir
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Bilkent University,Ankara,Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Boyacı
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Bilkent University,Ankara,Turkey
| | - Gina Kuperberg
- Department of Psychology,Tufts University,Medford, MA,USA
| | | | - Volkan Topçuoğlu
- Department of Psychiatry,Marmara University School of Medicine,Istanbul,Turkey
| | - Dost Öngür
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, and Harvard Medical School,Boston, MA,USA
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19
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Demmin DL, Fradkin SI, Silverstein SM. Remediation of Visual Processing Impairments in Schizophrenia: Where We Are and Where We Need to Be. Curr Behav Neurosci Rep 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40473-019-00171-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Bernadyn T, Feigenson KA. Data gathering ability contributes to visual organization and probabilistic reasoning. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00582. [PMID: 29862345 PMCID: PMC5968128 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals use data gathering methods to inform judgments and behaviors. Effective interaction with the environment depends on these having high accuracy and low noise, but when they become abnormal, aberrant thoughts and perceptions can occur. In this study, we examined if data gathering methods were consistent across tasks that relied on different cognitive abilities, specifically visual perception and probabilistic reasoning. Thirty-four non-clinical participants engaged in the Ebbinghaus Illusion and the Jumping to Conclusions tasks, while also completing questionnaires concerning aspects of delusion formation. A significant, positive correlation was observed between performance on the Ebbinghaus Illusion and the Jumping to Conclusions tasks. Both tasks were negatively correlated with the General Conspiracy Belief Scale. The results suggest an underlying mechanism for data gathering that is consistent across behavioral domains and exists on a continuum in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Bernadyn
- Psychology Department, Albright College, 1621 N. 13th Street, Reading, PA 19612, USA.,Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 2900 W. Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Keith A Feigenson
- Psychology Department, Albright College, 1621 N. 13th Street, Reading, PA 19612, USA
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21
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Todorović D, Jovanović L. Is the Ebbinghaus illusion a size contrast illusion? Acta Psychol (Amst) 2018; 185:180-187. [PMID: 29499478 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ebbinghaus illusion, in which a central target surrounded by larger context figures looks smaller than when surrounded by smaller context figures, is usually classified as a size contrast illusion. Thus "size contrast" is the dominant account of this effect. However, according to an alternative "contour interaction" account this phenomenon has little to do with size contrast but is rather caused by distance-dependent attractive and repulsive interactions between neural representation of contours. Here evidence is presented against the size contrast account and consistent with the contour interaction account. Experiment 1 was a control study confirming that the illusion can be obtained using displays consisting only of squares, which are more convenient to manipulate than the standardly used circles. In Experiment 2, the standard configuration involving small context figures surrounding the target was compared to a novel configuration, which involved many "spread" small context figures. The illusory effect of the standard context was stronger than the illusory effect of the spread context, in accord with the prediction of the contour interaction account, and contrary to the prediction of the size contrast account. In Experiment 3 two novel configurations were used, based on standard and spread contexts. The results were in accord with the prediction of the contour interaction account, whereas the size contrast account had no prediction because the stimuli did not involve conventional size contrast. Additional aspects of the stimuli and an account of the illusion based on a perspective interpretation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Todorović
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Ljubica Jovanović
- Laboratoire des systèmes perceptifs, Département d'études cognitives, École normale supérieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
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22
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Corcoran CM, Stoops A, Lee M, Martinez A, Sehatpour P, Dias EC, Javitt DC. Developmental trajectory of mismatch negativity and visual event-related potentials in healthy controls: Implications for neurodevelopmental vs. neurodegenerative models of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2018; 191:101-108. [PMID: 29033283 PMCID: PMC5866919 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Sensory processing deficits are core features of schizophrenia, reflected in impaired generation of event-related potential (ERP) measures such as auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) and visual P1. To understand the potential time course of development of deficits in schizophrenia, we obtained MMN to unattended duration, intensity and frequency deviants, and visual P1 to attended LSF stimuli, in 43 healthy individuals ages 6 to 25years (mean 17), and compared results to data from 30 adult schizophrenia patients (mean age 38). We analyzed "time-domain" measures of amplitude and latency, and event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP, "time-frequency") to evaluate underlying neurophysiological mechanisms. Duration and intensity MMN amplitudes increased from childhood to late adolescence, while frequency MMN reached maximum amplitude during early development. As reported previously, in ERSP analyses, MMN activity corresponded primarily to theta-band (4-7Hz) activity, while responses to standards occurred primarily in alpha (8-12Hz) across age groups. Both deviant-induced theta and standard-induced alpha activity declined significantly with age for all deviant types. Likewise, visual P1 also showed an amplitude decline over development, reflecting a reduction in both evoked power and ITC. While MMN "difference" waveform ERP data suggest failure of maturation in schizophrenia, MMN ERSP analyses instead support a neurodegenerative process, as these isolate responses to deviants and standards, showing large low-frequency evoked power for both in children. Neurodegenerative processes are also supported by large visual P1 amplitudes and large low-frequency evoked power in children, in contrast with adult schizophrenia. Sensory processing deficits in schizophrenia may be related to accelerated synaptic pruning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl M Corcoran
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute at Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Schizophrenia Research Division, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Anastasia Stoops
- Schizophrenia Research Division, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Migyung Lee
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute at Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Schizophrenia Research Division, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Antigona Martinez
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute at Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Schizophrenia Research Division, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Pejman Sehatpour
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute at Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Schizophrenia Research Division, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Elisa C Dias
- Schizophrenia Research Division, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Daniel C Javitt
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute at Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Schizophrenia Research Division, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
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Forsyth JK, Lewis DA. Mapping the Consequences of Impaired Synaptic Plasticity in Schizophrenia through Development: An Integrative Model for Diverse Clinical Features. Trends Cogn Sci 2017; 21:760-778. [PMID: 28754595 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with alterations in sensory, motor, and cognitive functions that emerge before psychosis onset; identifying pathogenic processes that can account for this multi-faceted phenotype remains a challenge. Accumulating evidence suggests that synaptic plasticity is impaired in schizophrenia. Given the role of synaptic plasticity in learning, memory, and neural circuit maturation, impaired plasticity may underlie many features of the schizophrenia syndrome. Here, we summarize the neurobiology of synaptic plasticity, review evidence that plasticity is impaired in schizophrenia, and explore a framework in which impaired synaptic plasticity interacts with brain maturation to yield the emergence of sensory, motor, cognitive, and psychotic features at different times during development in schizophrenia. Key gaps in the literature and future directions for testing this framework are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Forsyth
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - David A Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Disruptions in neural connectivity associated with reduced susceptibility to a depth inversion illusion in youth at ultra high risk for psychosis. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2016; 12:681-690. [PMID: 27761399 PMCID: PMC5065045 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Patients with psychosis exhibit a reduced susceptibility to depth inversion illusions (DII) in which a physically concave surface is perceived as convex (e.g., the hollow mask illusion). Here, we examined the extent to which lessened susceptibility to DII characterized youth at ultra high risk (UHR) for psychosis. In this study, 44 UHR participants and 29 healthy controls judged the apparent convexity of face-like human masks, two of which were concave and the other convex. One of the concave masks was painted with realistic texture to enhance the illusion; the other was shown without such texture. Networks involved with top-down and bottom-up processing were evaluated with resting state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging (fcMRI). We examined regions associated with the fronto-parietal network and the visual system and their relations with susceptibility to DII. Consistent with prior studies, the UHR group was less susceptible to DII (i.e., they were characterized by more veridical perception of the stimuli) than the healthy control group. Veridical responses were related to weaker connectivity within the fronto-parietal network, and this relationship was stronger in the UHR group, suggesting possible abnormalities of top-down modulation of sensory signals. This could serve as a vulnerability marker and a further clue to the pathogenesis of psychosis.
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Silverstein SM. Visual Perception Disturbances in Schizophrenia: A Unified Model. NEBRASKA SYMPOSIUM ON MOTIVATION. NEBRASKA SYMPOSIUM ON MOTIVATION 2016; 63:77-132. [PMID: 27627825 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-30596-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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26
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Silverstein SM, Thompson JL. A vision science perspective on schizophrenia. SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH-COGNITION 2015; 2:39-41. [PMID: 26345386 PMCID: PMC4560247 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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