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Ding Q, Li X, Rakesh D, Peng S, Xu J, Chen J, Jiang N, Luo Y, Li X, Qin S, Whittle S. The influence of maternal and paternal parenting on adolescent brain structure. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2024:S2451-9022(24)00171-X. [PMID: 38960280 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents raised in families with different maternal and paternal parenting combinations exhibit variations in neurocognition and psychopathology; however, whether neural differences exist remains unexplored. This study used a longitudinal twin sample to delineate how different parenting combinations influence adolescent brain structure and to elucidate the genetic contribution. METHODS A cohort of 216 twins participated in parenting assessments during early adolescence and underwent MRI scanning during middle adolescence. We utilized latent profile analysis to distinguish between various maternal and paternal parenting profiles and subsequently investigated their influences on brain anatomy. Biometric analysis was applied to assess the genetic influences on brain structure, and associations with internalizing symptoms were explored. RESULTS In early adolescence, four parenting profiles emerged characterized by levels of harshness and hostility in one or both parents. Compared to adolescents in "catparent" families (low harshness/hostility in both parents), those raised in "tigermom" families (harsh/hostile mother only) exhibited smaller nucleus accumbens volume and larger temporal cortex surface area; those in "tigerdad" families demonstrated larger thalamus volumes; those in "tigerparent" families displayed smaller volumes in the mid-anterior corpus callosum. Genetic risk factors contributed significantly to the observed brain structural heterogeneity and internalizing symptoms. However, the influences of parenting profiles and brain structure on internalizing symptoms were not significant. CONCLUSIONS The findings underscore distinct brain structural features linked to maternal and paternal parenting combinations, particularly in terms of subcortical volume and cortical surface area. This study suggests an interdependent role of maternal and paternal parenting in shaping adolescent neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwen Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinying Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Divyangana Rakesh
- Neuroimaging Department, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Siya Peng
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahua Xu
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilonguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yu Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuebing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shaozheng Qin
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Sarah Whittle
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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van Dijl TL, Videler AC, Aben HP, Kop WJ. Anger regulation in patients with functional neurological disorder: A systematic review. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2024; 88:30-47. [PMID: 38458028 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2024.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional neurological disorder (FND) has been associated with predisposing psychological factors, including dysregulation of anger-related processes. This paper provides a systematic review of the literature on anger regulation in FND. We evaluated anger-related research on patient self-report, observational, and laboratory based measures in FND. The review also addresses adverse childhood experiences and their relation with anger regulation, and the effects of therapies targeting anger regulation in FND. METHODS MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO were searched for both quantitative and qualitative research, published in a peer-reviewed journal with a sample size of at least 5 (registered under Prospero protocol CRD42022314340). RESULTS A total of 2200 articles were identified. After screening, 54 studies were included in this review (k = 20 questionnaire-based studies, k = 12 laboratory studies, k = 21 using other methods, and k = 1 used both questionnaires and other methods) representing data of 2502 patients with FND. Questionnaire-based studies indicated elevated levels of state anger and trait hostility in patients with FND. Laboratory studies showed a higher tendency to avoid social threat cues, attentional bias towards angry faces, difficulties reliving anger, and preoccupation with frustrating barriers among FND patients versus controls. No specific childhood experiences were identified related to anger regulation in FND, and too few small and uncontrolled studies were available (k = 2) to assess the effects of anger-related interventions in FND. The overall quality of the studies was fair (k = 31) to poor (k = 18). Five studies (k = 5) were rated as having a good quality. CONCLUSIONS This review suggests that patients with FND have maladaptive anger regulation compared to individuals without FND. The findings also highlight the need for further research on the prevalence and consequences of anger-related processes in the development, diagnosis and treatment of FND.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L van Dijl
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Center for Research on Psychological Disorders and Somatic Diseases, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Clinical Centre of Excellence for Body, Mind, and Health, GGz Breburg, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department Tranzo, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, De Hoop ggz, Dordrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - A C Videler
- Clinical Centre of Excellence for Body, Mind, and Health, GGz Breburg, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department Tranzo, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - H P Aben
- Department of Neurology, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - W J Kop
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Center for Research on Psychological Disorders and Somatic Diseases, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department Tranzo, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands
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Nobakht HN, Steinsbekk S, Wichstrøm L. Development of symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder from preschool to adolescence: the role of bullying victimization and emotion regulation. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024; 65:343-353. [PMID: 37258090 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is associated with adverse outcomes which can continue to impair life well into adulthood. Identifying modifiable etiological factors of ODD is therefore essential. Although bullying victimization and poor emotion regulation are assumed to be risk factors for the development of ODD symptoms, little research has been conducted to test this possibility. METHODS A sample (n = 1,042) from two birth cohorts of children in the city of Trondheim, Norway, was assessed biennially from age 4 to 14 years. Parents and children (from age 8) were assessed with clinical interviews to determine symptoms of ODD, children reported on their victimization from bullying, and teachers reported on children's emotion regulation. RESULTS Oppositional defiant disorder symptoms increased from age 4 to 6, from age 8 to 10, and then started to wane as children entered adolescence. A Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model revealed that increased emotion regulation predicted a reduced number of ODD symptoms across development (β = -.15 to -.13, p < .001). This prediction was equally strong for the angry/irritable and argumentative/defiant dimensions of ODD. No longitudinal links were observed between bullying victimization and ODD symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Improving emotion regulation skills may protect against ODD symptoms throughout childhood and adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Niyaraq Nobakht
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Silje Steinsbekk
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lars Wichstrøm
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Herd T, Jacques K, Brieant A, Noll JG, King-Casas B, Kim-Spoon J. Parenting, emotion regulation, and externalizing symptomatology as adolescent antecedents to young adult health risk behaviors. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2023; 33:632-640. [PMID: 36658680 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This study used longitudinal data to elucidate how trajectories of negative parenting across adolescence are associated with young adult health risk behaviors (HRBs) by testing difficulties with emotion regulation and externalizing symptomatology as sequential underlying mediators. The sample included 167 adolescents (53% males, Mage = 14 at Time 1 and Mage = 18 at Time 5) who were assessed five times. Adolescents self-reported on negative parenting, emotion regulation, externalizing symptomatology, and engagement in HRBs. Results suggest that increasingly negative parenting across adolescence has adverse consequences for emotion regulation development and in turn, externalizing symptomatology, which confers risk for young adult HRBs. Results offer insights towards mechanisms for prevention and intervention and public health policy aimed at reducing the prevalence and consequences of engagement in HRBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toria Herd
- College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Karen Jacques
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Peabody College, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alexis Brieant
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jennie G Noll
- College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brooks King-Casas
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
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Cohodes EM, McCauley S, Preece DA, Gross JJ, Gee DG. Parental Assistance with Emotion Regulation Moderates Link Between COVID-19 Stress and Child Mental Health. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2022:1-18. [PMID: 36399629 PMCID: PMC10192455 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2022.2140431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted children's mental health. All children have not been affected equally, however, and whether parental emotion socialization might buffer or exacerbate the impact of COVID-19 on children's mental health remains an important question. METHOD During the first peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S. N = 200 parents of children ages 0-17 (52.5% female) completed questionnaires related to parental assistance with children's emotion regulation, symptomatology, and exposure to COVID-19-related stress. Parents were 74% Non-Hispanic/Latino/a White, 13% Asian, 4.5% Hispanic/Latino/a, 4% Black/African American, 2.5% Native American, and 1.5% bi/multiracial; 0.5% of participants preferred not to state their race/ethnicity. In a series of linear regression analyses, we examined whether parental assistance with children's execution of emotion regulation strategies - across a variety of prototypically-adaptive and -maladaptive strategies - moderates the association between children's exposure to COVID-19-related stress and symptomatology. RESULTS Results suggest that parental assistance with the execution of prototypically-adaptive strategies (i.e., acceptance, problem solving, behavioral disengagement) and prototypically-maladaptive strategies (i.e., suppression, rumination) may buffer or exacerbate, respectively, the impact of COVID-19-related stress on youth mental health. CONCLUSIONS Though interpretation of findings is constrained by limitations inherent in collecting data during a pandemic, results highlight the importance of supporting parents - who play a critical role of supporting children - during public health emergencies that affect family life. Interventions designed to improve child wellbeing during the ongoing pandemic may benefit from training parents to assist their children with specific emotion regulation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M. Cohodes
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, 2 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Sarah McCauley
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, 2 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - David A. Preece
- School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth WA 6009, Australia
| | - James J. Gross
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Jordan Hall, 450 Jane Stanford Way, Building 420, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Dylan G. Gee
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, 2 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, CT 06520
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Bilsky SA, Olson EK, Luber MJ, Petell JA, Friedman HP. An initial examination of the associations between appearance-related safety behaviors, socioemotional, and body dysmorphia symptoms during adolescence. J Adolesc 2022; 94:939-954. [PMID: 35821622 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adolescence is characterized by the onset of a relatively specific set of socioemotional disorders (i.e., depression, generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, and eating disorders) as well as body dysmorphia symptoms. Appearance-related concerns are a central feature of these disorders. Emerging evidence in adults suggests that appearance-related safety behaviors may play an instrumental role in the onset and maintenance of a number of disorders. To date, no work has examined appearance-related safety behaviors during adolescence. The present study examined the extent to which appearance-related safety behaviors may be associated with socioemotional and body dysmorphia symptoms during adolescence. METHODS Adolescents between the ages of 13 and 17 years old (N = 387, Mage = 14.82 years, 31.3% identified as male, 47.0% identified as female, and 19.1% identified as nonbinary/third gender, 2.6% declined to report gender identity) completed measures assessing negative affect, anxiety-relevant safety behavior use, cognitive reappraisal, expressive suppression, appearance-related safety behaviors, body dysmorphia symptoms, and socioemotional symptoms. Structural Equation Modeling was used to test hypotheses. RESULTS The results of this study suggest that appearance-related safety behaviors evidenced associations with latent factors corresponding to affective (i.e., depression, generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety), eating disorders, and body dysmorphia symptoms after controlling for previously established vulnerability factors. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that appearance-related safety behaviors may evidence transdiagnostic associations with socioemotional symptoms and body dysmorphia symptoms during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Bilsky
- Department of Psychology, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi, USA
| | - Emily K Olson
- Department of Psychology, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi, USA
| | - Maxwell J Luber
- Department of Psychology, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi, USA
| | - Jennifer A Petell
- Department of Psychology, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi, USA
| | - Hannah P Friedman
- Department of Psychology, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi, USA
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