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Acevedo León NF, Jaramillo PL, Gabela CD, Boren-Alpízar A, Andrukonis A, Schmidt M, McGlone J, Garcia A. Hispanic worker attitudes toward pig euthanasia on U.S. farms. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1281102. [PMID: 38628943 PMCID: PMC11019433 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1281102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction On-farm pig euthanasia considers aspects of animal welfare and industry economics. Guidelines are available about the euthanasia process, but the agricultural workforce is highly diverse and guidelines do not consider cultural barriers. Euthanasia requires the ability to identify compromised pigs, technical skills, and willingness to euthanize pigs. In addition, timely euthanasia is part of the Common Swine Industry Audit (CSIA) and, thus, can lead to failed audits if not performed as required by the audit standards. The United States (US) swine industry employs a high percentage of Latin American workers, some US residents/citizens, and others through non-immigrant North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) visas. These workers vary in their level of education and swine industry experience. Proper training of this workforce and identification of the barriers associated with performing timely euthanasia are critical to promote improved welfare practices. The objectives of this study were to: (1) develop a survey instrument to identify Hispanic caretaker attitudes toward pig euthanasia, (2) assess and describe swine caretakers' attitudes toward pig euthanasia using the developed survey instrument, and (3) determine the demographic and psychological barriers associated with performing pig euthanasia. Methods Participants (n = 163) were surveyed from 16 farms across the State of Iowa. The on-farm survey was administered for two days in a period of 60 min per day. Results The results for demographics and the swine management survey data indicated that employees with less time working on the farm showed less knowledge of the CSIA, lower perceived ability to identify compromised pigs that needed to be euthanized, lower willingness to pecrform euthanasia on their own, and preferred not to have the responsibility of telling others when to euthanize pigs (p < 0.001). Secondary traumatic stress and transgressions were significantly correlated scales, associated with burnout, betrayals, and worker satisfaction (p = 0.022). Furthermore, individuals identifying as female had higher secondary traumatic stress scores (p = 0.026) and lower compassion satisfaction scores (p = 0.015). Discussion This data suggest that there are demographic, psychometric, and training-related factors correlated with Hispanic caretakers' feelings about pig euthanasia. The results of this study could be used to further improve and develop targeted training programs for Hispanic caretakers for early identification of compromised pigs and timely euthanasia, which could benefit human well-being, animal welfare, and the swine industry audit performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy F. Acevedo León
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX, United States
- Animal and Food Sciences Department, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Pablo Lamino Jaramillo
- Department of Agricultural Education and Communication, University of Florida, Gainesville, TX, United States
| | - Carlos Durán Gabela
- Agricultural Education and Communications Department, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Amy Boren-Alpízar
- Agricultural Education and Communications Department, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | | | - Marcelo Schmidt
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX, United States
| | - John McGlone
- Animal and Food Sciences Department, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Arlene Garcia
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX, United States
- Animal and Food Sciences Department, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
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Graf MDC, McMahon Bullis M, Lopez AA, Snethen J, Silvestre E, Mkandawire-Valhmu L. A Qualitative Analysis of Latina Migrant Farmworkers' Perception of Mental Health: Voices From Wisconsin. J Transcult Nurs 2024; 35:11-20. [PMID: 37902599 DOI: 10.1177/10436596231207490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite evidence showing Latinos' high prevalence of mental health, little is known about Latina migrant farmworkers' mental health experiences, especially those working in Midwestern states. Considering the multiple vulnerabilities observed among Latina migrant farmworkers, it is necessary to gain insight from own accounts and perceptions of mental health and mental health-seeking experiences. METHOD A qualitative descriptive approach, using in-depth semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions, served to retrieve data from 34 Latina migrant farmworkers. This study was informed by Chicana, postcolonial, and Black feminist epistemologies. RESULTS Thematic analysis identified themes within the data. These findings pertained to the conceptualization of mental health within the contexts of family, capacities, stigma, denial, and faith. DISCUSSION Our results demonstrate the need for health care providers to consider Latina migrant farmworkers' perceptions about mental health and apply those in designing and implementing culturally informed policy and practice.
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Maldonado A, Gonzalez R, Bufferd S, Garcia DO, D'Anna-Hernandez K. Psychosocial Determinants of Mental Healthcare Use Among Mexican-origin Women from Farmworker Families in Southern California. J Behav Health Serv Res 2024; 51:90-100. [PMID: 37612451 DOI: 10.1007/s11414-023-09860-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the contribution of psychosocial factors related to mental healthcare use among Mexican-origin women from farmworker families. Therefore, this study assessed relationships between acculturative stress, depressive symptoms, mental healthcare service use, and preferences for seeking care. Linear and logistic regression models and chi-square tests were performed to analyze survey data from 78 Mexican-origin women from farmworker families. Women were recruited in collaboration with promotoras and completed measures of acculturative stress, depressive symptoms, and mental healthcare use and preferences. Overall, 29.5% of the sample reported clinically significant depressive symptomatology. Acculturative stress was positively associated with depressive symptoms (b = 0.43, 95%CI = 0.27,0.59) after controlling for years in the U.S., primary language, and demographic characteristics. In addition, acculturative stress was associated with lower odds of mental healthcare use (OR = 0.96) after controlling for years in the U.S. and depressive symptoms. However, this association was no longer statistically significant when controlling for health insurance status and access to transportation. Mexican-origin women with high levels of acculturative stress were significantly more likely to seek care from a psychiatrist/psychologist than their peers (54.3% vs. 45.7%); however, this preference was not indicative of their use of mental healthcare services. Results suggest that acculturative stress is a risk factor for depressive symptoms and might contribute to a delay in seeking mental healthcare services in Mexican-origin women from farmworker families. Thus, interventions for this group should address aspects of acculturative stress as a strategy to increase mental health services use.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Maldonado
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
| | - R Gonzalez
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - S Bufferd
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40208, USA
| | - D O Garcia
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - K D'Anna-Hernandez
- Department of Psychology, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA
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Keeney AJ, Quandt A, Meng Y, Flores Jr L, Flores D, Garratt R, Hernandez P, Villaseñor M. “We All Have a Job to Do in This World, It’s up to Us”: Farmworker and Farmer Mental Health in a Rural US-Mexico Border Region. J Agromedicine 2022; 28:365-377. [DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2022.2154298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Arcury TA, Smith SA, Talton JW, Chen H, Laurienti PJ, Quandt SA. Depressive Symptoms of Latinx Women in Rural Farmworker and Urban Non-Farmworker Families in North Carolina. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2022; 9:2351-2360. [PMID: 34697765 PMCID: PMC8544181 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-021-01172-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health among low-income Latinx women in the United States (US), including those in farmworker families, is a health equity concern. This analysis (1) describes the depressive symptoms among Latinx women in rural farmworker families and urban non-farmworker families and (2) delineates immigration and acculturation, family composition and disruption, and financial characteristics associated with depressive symptoms experienced by these women. METHODS Data are from a 2019-2020 cross-sectional survey of 66 rural farmworker and 52 urban non-farmworker women with a child participating in a study of pesticide exposure and neurocognitive development. Depressive symptoms were measured with the CES-D Short Form. RESULTS The median (25th-75th percentiles) depressive symptom score reported was 2.0 (1.0-4.0), with 10 (8.5%) women having depressive symptom scores of 10 or greater. In bivariate analysis, among immigration and acculturation characteristics, women born in the USA and who spoke English fluently had lower depressive symptom scores. Among family composition and disruption characteristics, married women, and those with two adults in the household had lower depressive symptom scores. No financial status characteristic had statistically significant associations with depressive symptom score. In multivariate analysis, rural farmworker women had an expected median score one point lower than did urban non-farmworker women. CONCLUSION Addressing mental health among immigrant women, particularly those in farmworker families, is a complex undertaking. Rural versus urban locality provides a context for mental health. Determining the proximal determinants of locality requires further analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Arcury
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
| | - Sydney A Smith
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer W Talton
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Haiying Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Paul J Laurienti
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Sara A Quandt
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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Work-Life Stress during the Coronavirus Pandemic among Latina Farmworkers in a Rural California Region. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084928. [PMID: 35457795 PMCID: PMC9028285 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To examine the type and severity of stressors experienced among Latina farmworkers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A survey containing the Migrant Farmworker Stress Inventory was administered to 77 female-identifying Latina farmworkers working in a US–Mexico border region. A sub-sample of five participants participated in key-informant interviews. Data collection occurred in Summer 2021. Results: Nearly 40% of Latina farmworkers reported high stress levels indicative of clinical mental health risks. Health and safety concerns and experienced stressors identified included visible substance abuse and poor bathroom conditions at the field site, language barriers, and balancing work and home life demands. Conclusions: Latina farmworkers have unique health and safety needs, and COVID-19 has contributed to the experienced stressors. Understanding the familial and working environment sources of stress specific to female agriculture workers is imperative to implementing culturally and gender-responsive strategies to better support the health and safety of farming populations in future pandemics.
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Arcury TA, Smith SA, Talton JW, Quandt SA. The Abysmal Organization of Work and Work Safety Culture Experienced by North Carolina Latinx Women in Farmworker Families. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:4516. [PMID: 35457383 PMCID: PMC9029169 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The occupational health of immigrant workers in the United States is a major concern. This analysis describes two domains, organization of work and work safety culture, important to the occupational health of Latinx women in farmworker families. Sixty-seven Latinx women in North Carolina farmworker families completed a baseline and five follow-up questionnaires in 2019 through 2021. Fifty-nine of the women were employed in the year prior to the Follow-Up 5 Questionnaire. These women experienced an abysmal organization of work and work safety culture. They experienced significant job churn, with most changing employment several times during the 18-month period. Most of their jobs were seasonal, paid less than $10.00 per hour, piece-rate, and almost all without benefits. The women's jobs had little skill variety (mean 1.5) or decision latitude (mean 1.1), but had high psychological demands (mean 2.0). Work safety climate was very low (mean 13.7), with 76.3% of women noting that their supervisors were "only interested in doing the job fast and cheaply" rather than safely. Women employed as farmworkers versus those in other jobs had few differences. Further research and intervention are needed on the organization of work and work safety culture of Latinx women manual workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. Arcury
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Sydney A. Smith
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Division of Public Health Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (S.A.S.); (J.W.T.)
| | - Jennifer W. Talton
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Division of Public Health Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (S.A.S.); (J.W.T.)
| | - Sara A. Quandt
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA;
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Application of Postcolonial Feminist Theory, Chicana Feminist Thought, and Black Feminist Thought in Analyzing the Mental Health Needs of Latina Migrant Farmworkers: A Shared Legacy. ANS Adv Nurs Sci 2022; 45:38-52. [PMID: 35099413 DOI: 10.1097/ans.0000000000000399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this theoretical article is to analyze the utility of postcolonial, Black, and Chicana feminist frameworks to inform nursing research and practice specific to mental health needs of Latina women migrant farmworkers. Twentieth-century Western feminist narratives overlooked the intersecting systems of oppression experienced by women of color, including Latina women. Feminist epistemologies are useful in understanding the complex sociopolitical contexts that have impacted women's health outcomes and well-being. This analysis is critical to shaping nursing care that meets the unique health needs of migrant farmworker women while considering their sociopolitical realities.
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Watanabe-Galloway S, Chasek C, Yoder AM, Bell JE. Substance use disorders in the farming population: Scoping review. J Rural Health 2022; 38:129-150. [PMID: 33955045 DOI: 10.1111/jrh.12575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this scoping review is to summarize the current knowledge base in order to make recommendations for prevention and treatment of substance use disorders among the farming populations. METHODS We conducted a scoping review of peer-reviewed articles published between January 1989 and September 2019. The search yielded 3,426 citations and the final review was conducted on 42 articles. The full review was conducted by 4 authors to extract information about the target population, data collection methods, and main results. FINDINGS There were 21 articles on farmers and 21 articles on farmworkers. The majority of the articles were about alcohol. Overall, farmers had higher prevalence of risky alcohol consumption patterns than nonfarmers. The prevalence of risky alcohol consumption was also high among farmworkers compared to the general population. Risk factors for risky alcohol consumption included male gender, lower socioeconomic status, and psychological problems (eg, depression). Recommendations for prevention and intervention of alcohol disorders included policy development and implementation to curb alcohol access by taxation, screening of alcohol-related problems, and alternative means of recreation instead of alcohol consumption. CONCLUSIONS This review confirmed that alcohol-related problems are prevalent among farmers and farmworkers. More population-based research is called for to understand the additional risk factors of alcohol disorders and the prevalence of other substance-related disorders. Also, interventions should be tailored to the unique culture of farmers and farmworkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinobu Watanabe-Galloway
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Christine Chasek
- Department of Counseling and School Psychology, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, Nebraska, USA
| | - Aaron M Yoder
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural & Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jesse E Bell
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural & Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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Abstract
Latino immigrant dairy workers face significant challenges. Dairy's employment of immigrants is recent compared to other sectors, though today immigrants account for over half of US dairy workers. This study applies the Migrant Farmworker Stress Inventory to dairy for the first time. Interviews of 173 workers were conducted using the MFWSI, augmented with dairy specific indictors. Bivariate analysis identified associations between dairy worker characteristics and stress. Findings were compared to other studies using the MFWSI. Average stress was 74.6/156 points, with 36.5% at risk for clinically significant stress. Vermont ranked eighth among 11 MFWSI studies, and fourth of seven studies for significant stress. Primary stressors differed from studies of fruit and crop workers. Over a third of Vermont immigrant dairy workers risk debilitating stress. The MFWSI underestimates dairy farmworker stress and should be modified for this sector. Identified stressors indicate Spanish-language, dairy safety training may be beneficial.
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11
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Kanamori M, Shrader CH, De La Rosa M. A Timely Concern: Would Immigration Policies and Enforcement Actions Influence Higher Alcohol Dependence among Latina Seasonal Farmworkers? J Agromedicine 2021; 26:266-272. [PMID: 32238054 PMCID: PMC7530090 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2020.1744494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: We report the potential negative health consequences of immigration policies and enforcement actions, such as the increase of at-risk drinking, in the US Latino seasonal farmworker (LSFW) community.Method: Logistic regression analysis was performed using data from 213 female LSFWs over age 18 years.Results: The prevalence of at-risk drinking varied across participants' age groups: 18% for ages 21-29, 14% ages 30-39, 12% ages 40-49, and 32% ages 50 and older. Half of the participants reported being worried/tense, because they had difficulties finding legal services for their immigration status, and 65% reported that they have been questioned about their legal status. Of participants, 55% reported feeling worried/tense, because they were treated badly due to their lack of English; 42% because they have felt unaccepted by others due to their Latino culture; and 44% because they have been discriminated against. Legal and discrimination concerns were associated with at-risk drinking.Discussion: Enactment of new immigration policies and enforcement of existing immigration policies should consider negative public health implications. Novel approaches should be explored to more effectively reach and engage LSFW at-risk of problematic alcohol use or in need of substance use treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Kanamori
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Cho Hee Shrader
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Mario De La Rosa
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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Henning-Smith C, Alberth A, Bjornestad A, Becot F, Inwood S. Farmer Mental Health in the US Midwest: Key Informant Perspectives. J Agromedicine 2021; 27:15-24. [PMID: 33645448 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2021.1893881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we seek to illuminate: (1) the ways farm service providers and mental health professionals understand the drivers of farm stress, (2) the strategies, challenges, and opportunities farm service providers and mental health professionals identify for supporting the mental health needs of farm families, and; (3) opportunities for future research and outreach to improve the mental health of farmers in the U.S. Midwest region. We obtained qualitative data from a series of semi-structured key informant interviews with 19 subject matter experts, using content analysis to identify themes across four domains: main challenges, unique impacts by subpopulation, coping strategies, and interventions and recommendations. The key informants we interviewed identified a variety of acute and chronic stressors, including several that are structural, rather than individual and interpersonal, and which lie outside of the control of farmers themselves. They also highlighted diversity within farm populations by socio-demographic and farm characteristics as well as positive and negative coping strategies, with negative being more common. For interventions and recommendations, they stressed the importance of education on mental health, improving access to care, and addressing root causes of stress. While farmer stress is well-documented, less is known about the perspectives of farm service professionals and mental health providers who care for them. The insights from this study add important information on how to best support the immediate and long-term mental health needs of farmers and farm families in the U.S. Midwest and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie Henning-Smith
- Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Andrew Alberth
- Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Andrea Bjornestad
- Extension Mental Health Specialist, College of Education and Human Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA
| | - Florence Becot
- National Farm Medicine Center, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute - Marshfield Health System, Marshfield, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Shoshanah Inwood
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, USA
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Curl CL, Meierotto L, Som Castellano RL. Understanding Challenges to Well-Being among Latina FarmWorkers in Rural Idaho Using in an Interdisciplinary, Mixed-Methods Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 18:ijerph18010169. [PMID: 33383789 PMCID: PMC7795812 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify social, cultural and workplace-related risk factors affecting well-being among Latina farmworkers in rural Idaho. We recruited 70 Latina farmworkers from southwestern Idaho in 2019. We employed an inter-disciplinary, mixed-methods approach—including surveys, focus groups, interviews, and pesticide biomonitoring—to characterize multiple domains that influence well-being, including food security and access, housing conditions, social supports, access to medical care, and workplace safety. Six major themes emerged as primary challenges to Latina farmworkers’ well-being. In the public sphere, study participants identified these challenges as long working hours, concerns regarding pesticide exposure, and lack of enforcement of regulatory protections. Participants’ concerns regarding pesticide exposure were underscored by biological sampling results; multiple biomarkers of pesticide exposure were detected in all samples, with the highest concentrations measured in samples collected from women who reported mixing, loading or applying pesticides. Within the private sphere, food security and provisioning, childcare responsibilities, and social isolation were identified as significant challenges to well-being. Gender, ethnicity, and geography emerged as important, intersecting statuses that shaped the life experiences of these agricultural workers. Our findings suggest that gender may play a particularly critical role in the unique challenges facing Latina farmworkers. As a result, the services and regulations needed to support well-being in this population may be highly specific, and almost certainly include attention to work–family dynamics, pesticide exposure, and social connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia L. Curl
- Department of Community and Environmental Health, College of Health Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Lisa Meierotto
- School of Public Service, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA;
| | - Rebecca L. Som Castellano
- Department of Sociology, College of Arts and Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA;
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Rojas P, Ramírez-Ortiz D, Wang W, Daniel EV, Sánchez M, Cano MÁ, Ravelo GJ, Braithwaite R, Montano NP, De La Rosa M. Testing the Efficacy of an HIV Prevention Intervention Among Latina Immigrants Living in Farmworker Communities in South Florida. J Immigr Minor Health 2020; 22:661-667. [PMID: 31493119 PMCID: PMC7058487 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-019-00923-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Latina immigrants living in farmworker communities are a population in need of HIV risk reduction interventions due to their high risk for HIV and their limited access to health care and prevention services. The present study is the first to evaluate the efficacy of SEPA intervention on a cohort of 234 pre-established Latina immigrants living in farmworker communities in South Florida. SEPA is a CDC evidenced-based and Latinx culturally tailored HIV risk reduction intervention. Data were collected through structured interviews at baseline and 6-months post intervention and were analyzed using generalized linear mixed modeling. Results showed that SEPA was effective on increasing condom use during vaginal and anal sex with male partners, self-efficacy for condom use, intentions to negotiate safe sex and HIV-related knowledge from baseline to 6-months post intervention. These findings contribute to the evidence supporting the efficacy of SEPA by confirming previous results and demonstrating the efficacy of this intervention for Latinas of diverse backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patria Rojas
- Center for Research on U.S. Latino HIV/AIDS and Drug Abuse (CRUSADA), Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
- Department of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
- Center for Research on U.S. Latino HIV/AIDS and Drug Abuse (CRUSADA), Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, AHC5 Room 420, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
| | - Daisy Ramírez-Ortiz
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Weize Wang
- Center for Research on U.S. Latino HIV/AIDS and Drug Abuse (CRUSADA), Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - E Valerie Daniel
- Department of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Mariana Sánchez
- Center for Research on U.S. Latino HIV/AIDS and Drug Abuse (CRUSADA), Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Miguel Ángel Cano
- Center for Research on U.S. Latino HIV/AIDS and Drug Abuse (CRUSADA), Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Gira J Ravelo
- Center for Research on U.S. Latino HIV/AIDS and Drug Abuse (CRUSADA), Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ronald Braithwaite
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Department of Family Medicine and Psychiatry, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Mario De La Rosa
- Center for Research on U.S. Latino HIV/AIDS and Drug Abuse (CRUSADA), Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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Morris MC, Cooper RL, Ramesh A, Tabatabai M, Arcury TA, Shinn M, Im W, Juarez P, Matthews-Juarez P. Preparing Medical Students to Address the Needs of Vulnerable Patient Populations: Implicit Bias Training in US Medical Schools. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDUCATOR 2020; 30:123-127. [PMID: 34457650 PMCID: PMC8368413 DOI: 10.1007/s40670-020-00930-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about how medical students are trained to identify and reduce their own biases toward vulnerable patient groups. A survey was conducted among US medical schools to determine whether their curricula addressed physician implicit biases toward three vulnerable patient groups: lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning (LGBTQ) individuals, persons experiencing homelessness, and migrant farmworkers. Of 141 US medical schools, 71 (50%) responded. Survey respondents indicated that implicit bias is not routinely addressed in medical education, and training specific to vulnerable populations is infrequent. Recommendations for incorporating implicit bias training in medical school curricula are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C. Morris
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS USA
| | - Robert Lyle Cooper
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Aramandla Ramesh
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience & Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Mohammad Tabatabai
- School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Thomas A. Arcury
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Marybeth Shinn
- Department of Human and Organizational Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Wansoo Im
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Paul Juarez
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN USA
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"Se vale llorar y se vale reír": Latina Immigrants' Coping Strategies for Maintaining Mental Health in the Face of Immigration-Related Stressors. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2020; 7:937-948. [PMID: 32040841 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-020-00717-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Latina immigrant women in the U.S. are at increased risk for poor mental health status, due to socioeconomic- and immigration-related stressors. We sought to describe the mechanisms linking immigration-related stressors and mental health, including how the current social and political climate affects women's mental health status, and which coping strategies are used to maintain well-being. We conducted four focus groups with Latina immigrants (N = 58) recruited through local community-based organizations. We drew on the stages of migration framework to guide our study design and analysis. Focus group transcripts were analyzed to identify emergent themes across groups. On average, focus group participants were 35.5 years old and had lived in the U.S. for 12.5 years. Most were from Mexico. Participants reported immigration-related stressors including unsafe migration, worry about immigration enforcement, broken social ties, and limited access to health and social services. In the face of these stressors, they relied on transnational social networks and connections with other Latina immigrant women. Social ties with family in the U.S. also helped them alleviate social isolation and overcome barriers to social services. Those who were mothers expressed that their children were a source of encouragement and comfort with feelings of stress. Immigration policies that contribute to unsafe migration, worry about immigration enforcement, limited social ties, and limited access to social services were associated with increased stress among Latina immigrants who participated in the focus groups. These participants could benefit from increased access to mental health care and community-based programs that connect them to resources.
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Daghagh Yazd S, Wheeler SA, Zuo A. Key Risk Factors Affecting Farmers' Mental Health: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E4849. [PMID: 31810320 PMCID: PMC6926562 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16234849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, concern has increased globally over farmers' mental health issues. We present a systematic review of the outcomes, locations, study designs, and methods of current studies on farmers' mental health. In particular, this review aims to fill an important gap in understanding of the potential key risk factors affecting farmers' mental health around the world. 167 articles on farmer mental health were included in a final systematic review using a standardized electronic literature search strategy and PRISMA guidelines. The four most-cited influences on farmers' mental health in the reviewed literature respectively were pesticide exposure, financial difficulties, climate variabilities/drought, and poor physical health/past injuries. The majority of studies were from developed countries, most specifically from the United States, Australia, and the United Kingdom. Comparative studies on the mental health of farmers and other occupational workers showed mixed results, with a larger portion identifying that psychological health disturbances were more common in farmers and farm-workers. Knowledge of farmer psychological disorder risk factors and its impacts are essential for reducing the burden of mental illness. Further research will be required on climate change impacts, developing country farmers' mental health, and information on how to reduce help-seeking barriers amongst farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Ann Wheeler
- Centre for Global Food and Resources, Faculty of Professions, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (S.D.Y.); (A.Z.)
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Arcury TA, Furgurson KF, O’Hara HM, Miles K, Chen H, Laurienti PJ. Conventional and Complementary Therapy Use among Mexican Farmworkers in North Carolina: Applying the I-CAM-Q. J Agromedicine 2019; 24:257-267. [PMID: 30860961 PMCID: PMC6570560 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2019.1592049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: This analysis documents the use of conventional health-care providers, traditional healers, and complementary therapies by Mexican farmworkers; identifies the purposes and perceived helpfulness of these modalities; and delineates variation in the use of traditional healers and complementary therapies. Methods: Two-hundred Mexican farmworkers in North Carolina completed interviews May-September, 2017. The International Complementary and Alternative Medicine Questionnaire (I-CAM-Q) elicited use of conventional health-care providers, traditional healers, and complementary therapies in the previous 12 months. Results: Most of the farmworkers had been treated by a conventional provider (63.0%). One-in-five had been treated by any traditional healer; 19.5% had been treated by a sobador, 4.5% by a curandero, 2.0% by an herbalist, and 2.0% by a spiritual healer. Conventional providers (69.8%) and sobadores (84.6%) most often treated acute conditions; 62.5% had used an herb, 46.0% a vitamin, 57.0% an over-the-counter medicine, and 13.5% a home remedy. Participants used various self-care practices, including music (36.5%), sleep (18.0%), prayer for health (15.0%), and social media (14.0%). Education was inversely associated with the use of a traditional healer and herbs; treatment by a conventional health-care provider was positively associated with using a traditional healer and vitamins. Conclusions: Mexican farmworkers use conventional health-care providers as well as traditional healers and complementary therapies. Research on how use of complementary therapies and a system of medical pluralism affects farmworker health is needed. Health-care providers need to recognize complementary therapy use and provide patient education about ineffective or harmful therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. Arcury
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Center for Worker Health, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Katherine F. Furgurson
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Heather M. O’Hara
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kenya Miles
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Haiying Chen
- Department of Biostatistical Science, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Paul J. Laurienti
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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Hindman AH, Bustamante AS. Teacher depression as a dynamic variable: Exploring the nature and predictors of change over the head start year. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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