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Ramadan MM, Dailey D. Trouble for Horses in Paradise: Toxicity and Fatality Resulting from the Consumption of Indigofera spicata (Fabaceae) on Oahu Island. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9060271. [PMID: 35737323 PMCID: PMC9230839 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9060271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This is the first account of fatal toxicity in horses resulting from grazing on the pasture plant creeping indigo, Indigofera spicata, on the island of Oahu, in the Hawaiian Islands. A survey in the town of Waialua on the north shore of Oahu island indicated that creeping indigo is common and abundant on grazing lands during the rainy season and requires intensive chemical and physical control measures. Four pastures were surveyed where ranchers reported mortality of more than 17 horses since 2020. We document these incidents to alert state animal and livestock support officials, groups monitoring invasive species, and horse owners regarding the problem of this noxious weed and to support breeders with information to confront its invasiveness. Herbicide treatment is not economically feasible, and breeders opted to physically uproot the plants from the paddocks and restrain horses to clear pastures as they were eliminating the plants. We urge state officials for a long-term control strategy to reduce the problems associated with this weed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mohamad Ramadan
- Plant Pest Control Branch, Division of Plant Industry, Hawaii Department of Agriculture, Honolulu, HI 96814, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Devon Dailey
- Hawaii Polo Club and Hawaii Polo Trail Rides, Waialua, HI 96791, USA;
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2
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Mouafon IL, Mountessou BYG, Lateef M, Tchamgoue J, Shaiq Ali M, Tchouankeu JC, Green IR, Ngadjui BT, Kouam SF. Atricephenols A and B, two phenolic compounds from Indigofera atriceps Hook.f. (Fabaceae). Nat Prod Res 2022:1-8. [PMID: 35175885 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2041007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The phytochemical investigation of a previously unstudied species of the genus Indigofera, I. atriceps Hook.f. was undertaken and two new phenolic compounds, atricephenols A (1) and B (2) were isolated, along with nine known secondary metabolites viz., (-)-melilotocarpan D (3), genistein (4), melilotocarpan A (5), maackiain (6), p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (7), bornesitol (8), β-sitosterol (9), sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (10) and stigmasterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (11). Their structures were elucidated by extensive NMR spectroscopic analyses and HRESIMS, and by comparing their data with those reported in the literature. Compounds 1, 4, 7-11 were tested for their antibacterial efficacies and for their potential to inhibit the enzyme urease. Compounds 7 and 9 showed significant antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi (ZOIs of 13 and 15 mm, respectively), while the best urease inhibition was measured for compound 9 with an IC50 value of 18.6 µM, which is higher than that of the potent inhibitor, thiourea (IC50 = 21.5 µM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliassou Lah Mouafon
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Mehreen Lateef
- Multidisciplinary Research Lab (MDRL), Bahria University Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Joseph Tchamgoue
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Muhammad Shaiq Ali
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Jean Claude Tchouankeu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Ivan Robert Green
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | | | - Simeon Fogue Kouam
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Gilbert RA, Netzel G, Chandra K, Ouwerkerk D, Fletcher MT. Degradation of the Indospicine Toxin from Indigofera spicata by a Mixed Population of Rumen Bacteria. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13060389. [PMID: 34071579 PMCID: PMC8226729 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13060389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The leguminous plant species, Indigofera linnaei and Indigofera spicata are distributed throughout the rangeland regions of Australia and the compound indospicine (L-2-amino-6-amidinohexanoic acid) found in these palatable forage plants acts as a hepatotoxin and can accumulate in the meat of ruminant livestock and wild camels. In this study, bovine rumen fluid was cultivated in an in vitro fermentation system provided with Indigofera spicata plant material and the ability of the resulting mixed microbial populations to degrade indospicine was determined using UPLC–MS/MS over a 14 day time period. The microbial populations of the fermentation system were determined using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and showed distinct, time-related changes occurring as the rumen-derived microbes adapted to the fermentation conditions and the nutritional substrates provided by the Indigofera plant material. Within eight days of commencement, indospicine was completely degraded by the microbes cultivated within the fermenter, forming the degradation products 2-aminopimelamic acid and 2-aminopimelic acid within a 24 h time period. The in vitro fermentation approach enabled the development of a specifically adapted, mixed microbial population which has the potential to be used as a rumen drench for reducing the toxic side-effects and toxin accumulation associated with ingestion of Indigofera plant material by grazing ruminant livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalind A. Gilbert
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, EcoSciences Precinct, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia; (K.C.); (D.O.)
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (G.N.); (M.T.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Gabriele Netzel
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (G.N.); (M.T.F.)
| | - Kerri Chandra
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, EcoSciences Precinct, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia; (K.C.); (D.O.)
| | - Diane Ouwerkerk
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, EcoSciences Precinct, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia; (K.C.); (D.O.)
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (G.N.); (M.T.F.)
| | - Mary T. Fletcher
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (G.N.); (M.T.F.)
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Mouafon IL, Tiani GLM, Mountessou BYG, Lateef M, Ali MS, Green IR, Ngadjui BT, Kouam SF. Chemical constituents of the medicinal plant Indigofera spicata Forsk (Fabaceae) and their chemophenetic significance. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2021.104230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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5
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Darby S, Sanchez LC, Mallicote MF, House AM, Plummer CE, Nadruz V, Benmoha RH, Roberts SM, Derendorf H, Silva-Sanchez C, Claire J, MacKay RJ. Plasma l-indospicine and 3-nitropropionic acid in ponies fed creeping indigo: Comparison with results from an episode of presumptive creeping indigo toxicosis. Equine Vet J 2020; 54:145-152. [PMID: 33369767 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Creeping indigo (Indigofera spicata) toxicosis is an emerging problem among horses in Florida and bordering states. OBJECTIVES To quantify the putative toxins l-indospicine (IND) and 3-nitropropionic acid (NPA) in creeping indigo collected from multiple sites and to measure plasma toxin concentrations in ponies fed creeping indigo and horses with presumptive creeping indigo toxicosis. STUDY DESIGN Experimental descriptive study with descriptive observational field investigation. METHODS Air-dried creeping indigo was assayed for IND and NPA content. Five ponies were fed chopped creeping indigo containing 1 mg/kg/day of IND and trace amounts of NPA for 5 days, then observed for 28 days. Blood samples from these ponies and from horses involved in a presumptive creeping indigo toxicosis were assayed for IND and NPA. RESULTS IND in creeping indigo plants was 0.4-3.5 mg/g dry matter whereas NPA was <0.01 to 0.03 mg/g. During creeping indigo feeding, clinical and laboratory signs were unchanged except for significant weight loss (median 6%, range 2%-9%; p = .04) and significant increase from baseline plasma protein concentration (median 16 g/L, range 8-25 g/L; p < .001). These changes could not definitively be ascribed to creeping indigo ingestion. Plasma IND rose to 3.9 ± 0.52 mg/L on day 6. Pharmacokinetic modelling indicated an elimination half-life of 25 days and a steady state plasma concentration of 22 mg/L. Plasma IND concentration in sick horses during an incident of creeping indigo toxicosis was approximately twice that of clinically normal pasture mates. Plasma NPA was <0.05 mg/L in all samples. MAIN LIMITATIONS Creeping indigo used in the feeding trial may not be representative of plants involved in creeping indigo toxicosis. There was no control group without creeping indigo in the feeding trial. CONCLUSIONS Indospicine can be detected in blood of horses consuming creeping indigo and the toxin accumulates in tissues and clears slowly. The role of NPA in the neurological signs of this syndrome is unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Darby
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - L Chris Sanchez
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Martha F Mallicote
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Amanda M House
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Caryn E Plummer
- Departments of Small and Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Veridiana Nadruz
- Kansas State University Veterinary Health Center, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Rachel H Benmoha
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Stephen M Roberts
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Hartmut Derendorf
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Cecilia Silva-Sanchez
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jami Claire
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Robert J MacKay
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Tan ET, Ng JC, Al Jassim R, D'Arcy BR, Netzel G, Fletcher MT. Emerging food safety risk of hepatotoxic indospicine in feral Australian camel meat. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Fletcher MT, Reichmann KG, Ossedryver SM, McKenzie RA, Carter PD, Blaney BJ. Accumulation and depletion of indospicine in calves (Bos taurus) fed creeping indigo (Indigofera spicata). ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/an16394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged consumption of Indigofera pasture plants can cause both hepatotoxicosis and reproductive losses in grazing animals with the responsible toxin indospicine forming persistent tissue residues. Separate accumulation and depletion feeding trials were undertaken in calves fed Indigofera spicata (3 mg indospicine/kg bodyweight) to ascertain the appearance and elimination of indospicine from various tissues. In the accumulation trial indospicine concentrations increased throughout the 42-day feeding period with maximum levels of 15 mg/L in plasma and 19 and 33 mg/kg in liver and muscle, respectively. In the depletion trial, calves were fed I. spicata for 35 days, after which the plant was withdrawn from the diet. The rate of elimination was relatively slow with estimates of half-life being 31, 25 and 20 days for muscle, liver and plasma, respectively. Indospicine levels measured in bovine tissues in this trial are comparable with levels in horsemeat and camel meat reported to cause fatal hepatoxicity in dogs, a species known to be susceptible to this toxin. The persistence of indospicine residues in bovine tissues and the widespread distribution of Indigofera species in tropical and sub-tropical grazing lands warrant further investigation, as indospicine has been established as causing reproductive losses and likely contributes to calf losses in these regions.
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9
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Tan ETT, Al Jassim R, Cawdell-Smith AJ, Ossedryver SM, D'Arcy BR, Fletcher MT. Accumulation, Persistence, and Effects of Indospicine Residues in Camels Fed Indigofera Plant. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:6622-6629. [PMID: 27477889 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Indospicine (l-2-amino-6-amidinohexanoic acid) is a natural hepatotoxin found in all parts of some Indigofera plants such as Indigofera linnaei and Indigofera spicata. Several studies have documented a susceptibility to this hepatotoxin in different species of animals, including cattle, sheep, dogs, and rats, which are associated with mild to severe liver disease after prolonged ingestion. However, there is little published data on the effects of this hepatotoxin in camels, even though Indigofera plants are known to be palatable to camels in central Australia. The secondary poisoning of dogs after prolonged dietary exposure to residual indospicine in camel muscle has raised additional food safety concerns. In this study, a feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the in vivo accumulation, excretion, distribution, and histopathological effects of dietary indospicine on camels. Six young camels (2-4 years old), weighing 270-390 kg, were fed daily a roughage diet consisting of Rhodes grass hay and lucerne chaff, supplemented with Indigofera and steam-flaked barley. Indigofera (I. spicata) was offered at 597 mg DM/kg body weight (bw)/day, designed to deliver 337 μg indospicine/kg bw/day, and fed for a period of 32 days. Blood and muscle biopsies were collected over the period of the study. Concentrations of indospicine in the plasma and muscle biopsy samples were quantitated by validated ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The highest concentrations in plasma (1.01 mg/L) and muscle (2.63 mg/kg fresh weight (fw)) were found at necropsy (day 33). Other tissues were also collected at necropsy, and analysis showed ubiquitous distribution of indospicine, with the highest indospicine accumulation detected in the pancreas (4.86 ± 0.56 mg/kg fw) and liver (3.60 ± 1.34 mg/kg fw), followed by the muscle, heart, and kidney. Histopathological examination of liver tissue showed multiple small foci of predominantly mononuclear inflammatory cells. After cessation of Indigofera intake, indospicine present in plasma in the remaining three camels had a longer terminal elimination half-life (18.6 days) than muscle (15.9 days), and both demonstrated monoexponential decreases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddie T T Tan
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Health and Food Sciences Precinct , Coopers Plains, QLD, Australia
- Food Technology Programme, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA , Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rafat Al Jassim
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Health and Food Sciences Precinct , Coopers Plains, QLD, Australia
| | - A Judy Cawdell-Smith
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Selina M Ossedryver
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Health and Food Sciences Precinct , Coopers Plains, QLD, Australia
| | - Bruce R D'Arcy
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Health and Food Sciences Precinct , Coopers Plains, QLD, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mary T Fletcher
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Health and Food Sciences Precinct , Coopers Plains, QLD, Australia
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Lang CS, Wong SH, Chow S, Challinor VL, Yong KWL, Fletcher MT, Arthur DM, Ng JC, De Voss JJ. Synthesis of l-indospicine, [5,5,6-2H3]-l-indospicine and l-norindospicine. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:6826-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01187j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Indospicine is a non-proteogenic amino acid that accumulates as the free amino acid in livestock grazing Indigofera plant species and causes both reproductive losses and hepatotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Shan Lang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane 4072
- Australia
| | - Siew-Hoon Wong
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane 4072
- Australia
| | - Sharon Chow
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane 4072
- Australia
| | - Victoria L. Challinor
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane 4072
- Australia
| | - Ken W. L. Yong
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI)
- The University of Queensland
- Health and Food Sciences Precinct
- Australia
| | - Mary T. Fletcher
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI)
- The University of Queensland
- Health and Food Sciences Precinct
- Australia
| | - Dionne M. Arthur
- National Research Centre for Environmental and Toxicology
- The University of Queensland
- Health and Food Sciences Precinct
- Australia
| | - Jack C. Ng
- National Research Centre for Environmental and Toxicology
- The University of Queensland
- Health and Food Sciences Precinct
- Australia
| | - James J. De Voss
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane 4072
- Australia
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Pérez LB, Li J, Lantvit DD, Pan L, Ninh TN, Chai HB, Soejarto DD, Swanson SM, Lucas DM, Kinghorn AD. Bioactive constituents of Indigofera spicata. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2013; 76:1498-504. [PMID: 23895019 PMCID: PMC3806331 DOI: 10.1021/np400567c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Four new flavanones, designated as (+)-5″-deacetylpurpurin (1), (+)-5-methoxypurpurin (2), (2S)-2,3-dihydrotephroglabrin (3), and (2S)-2,3-dihydrotephroapollin C (4), together with two known flavanones (5 and 6), three known rotenoids (7-9), and one known chalcone (10) were isolated from a chloroform-soluble partition of a methanol extract from the combined flowers, fruits, leaves, and twigs of Indigofera spicata, collected in Vietnam. The compounds were obtained by bioactivity-guided isolation using the HT-29 human colon cancer, 697 human acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and Raji human Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines. The structures of 1-4 were established by extensive 1D- and 2D-NMR experiments, and the absolute configurations were determined by the measurement of specific rotations and CD spectra. The cytotoxic activities of the isolated compounds were tested against the HT-29, 697, Raji, and CCD-112CoN human normal colon cells. Also, the quinone reductase induction activities of the isolates were determined using the Hepa 1c1c7 murine hepatoma cell line. In addition, cis-(6aβ,12aβ)-hydroxyrotenone (7) was evaluated in an in vivo hollow fiber bioassay using HT-29, MCF-7 human breast cancer, and MDA-MB-435 human melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynette Bueno Pérez
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy,
College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United
States
| | - Jie Li
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy,
College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United
States
| | - Daniel D. Lantvit
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and
Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
60612, United States
| | - Li Pan
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy,
College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United
States
| | - Tran Ngoc Ninh
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources,
Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology, Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi,
Vietnam
| | - Hee-Byung Chai
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy,
College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United
States
| | - Djaja Djendoel Soejarto
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and
Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
60612, United States
- Science and Education, Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake
Shore Dr., Chicago, IL 60605, United States
| | - Steven M. Swanson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and
Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
60612, United States
| | - David M. Lucas
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy,
College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United
States
- Division of Hematology, College of Medicine, The
Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - A. Douglas Kinghorn
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy,
College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United
States
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Ossedryver SM, Baldwin GI, Stone BM, McKenzie RA, van Eps AW, Murray S, Fletcher MT. Indigofera spicata(creeping indigo) poisoning of three ponies. Aust Vet J 2013; 91:143-9. [DOI: 10.1111/avj.12032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- SM Ossedryver
- Biosecurity Queensland; Animal Research Institute; Yeerongpilly; QLD; Australia
| | - GI Baldwin
- Eagle Farm Equine Veterinary Hospital; Hendra; QLD; Australia
| | - BM Stone
- School of Veterinary Science; University of Queensland; St Lucia; QLD; Australia
| | - RA McKenzie
- Biosecurity Queensland; Animal Research Institute; Yeerongpilly; QLD; Australia
| | - AW van Eps
- Eagle Farm Equine Veterinary Hospital; Hendra; QLD; Australia
| | - S Murray
- Eagle Farm Equine Veterinary Hospital; Hendra; QLD; Australia
| | - MT Fletcher
- Biosecurity Queensland; Animal Research Institute; Yeerongpilly; QLD; Australia
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Lima EF, Riet-Correa F, Gardner DR, Barros SS, Medeiros RM, Soares MP, Riet-Correa G. Poisoning by Indigofera lespedezioides in horses. Toxicon 2012; 60:324-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.04.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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14
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FitzGerald LM, Fletcher MT, Paul AEH, Mansfield CS, O'Hara AJ. Hepatotoxicosis in dogs consuming a diet of camel meat contaminated with indospicine. Aust Vet J 2011; 89:95-100. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2010.00684.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Pollitt S, Hegarty MP, Pass MA. Analysis of the amino acid indospicine in biological samples by high performance liquid chromatography. NATURAL TOXINS 2002; 7:233-40. [PMID: 11122512 DOI: 10.1002/1522-7189(199911/12)7:6<233::aid-nt59>3.0.co;2-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Indospicine is a hepatotoxic amino acid that accumulates in the meat of horses that consume the legume Indigofera linnaei. A method to determine indospicine concentration in biological samples using an amino acid analyser has been reported, but the analysis time is long and therefore not suited to the analysis of large numbers of samples. A rapid and reliable method was developed for the analysis of indospicine in horsemeat and serum using High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Horsemeat and serum were extracted with either water or 0.01 N hydrochloric acid, respectively, and deproteinized by ultrafiltration. Precolumn derivatization of samples with phenylisothiocyanate was followed by separation of indospicine from other amino acids on a Pico-Tag C 18 column and UV detection at 254 nm. The calibration curves for indospicine in horsemeat extract were linear over the concentration range 0.4 microg ml(-1) to 20 microg ml(-1), while for indospicine in serum, the linear range was from 0.17 microg ml(-1) to 16.67 microg ml(-1). The mean recovery of indospicine in horsemeat extract was 87.2 +/- 6.8% and in serum was 97.3 +/- 9.9%. Analysis time for indospicine in horsemeat samples was 31 min and in serum samples was 36 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pollitt
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Queensland, Australia
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17
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Synthesis of the L-arginine congener L-Indospicine and evaluation of its interaction with nitric oxide synthase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-894x(95)00569-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Christie GS, Wilson M, Hegarty MP. Effects on the liver in the rat of ingestion of Indigofera spicata, a legume containing an inhibitor of arginine metabolism. J Pathol 1975; 117:195-205. [PMID: 1214190 DOI: 10.1002/path.1711170402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The non-protein amino acid indospicine, which occurs in the free state in high concentration in the tropical pasture legume Indigofera spicata, causes toxic liver lesions in ruminants. Indospicine is a specific antagonist of arginine and an inhibitor of protein synthesis. The liver lesion was studied in rats at four dose levels by feeding diets containing 96, 48, 24 and 15 per cent. of the seed. The too higher levels caused death of most animals in 2-6 wk. Females were more susceptible than males. The rats fed the 24 per cent. seed diet developed a nodular cirrhosis by 6 wk and survived up to 18 wk. The rats fed the 15 per cent. seed diet developed cirrhosis at 16 wk and survived up to 28 wk. Prior to the onset of cirrhosis the liver showed a characteristic lesion consisting of hepatomegaly, periportal fatty change, portal cellularity due to proliferation of ovoid and cuboidal duct cells, gross enlargement of the hepatocyte cytoplasm nuclei and nucleoli in spite of brisk mitotic activity, and focal centrilobular necrosis. The lesion was interpreted as a restricted hepatic response to a growth stimulus, possibly the mobilisation of tissue amino acids. Improvement occurred in the rats fed the two lower dosage levels after nodular cirrhosis developed, producing a new parenchyma. An attempt is made to relate the lesions to the biochemical derangement induced by a specific amino acid antagonist.
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Clatworthy J. Introduction and preliminary screening of pasture legumes at Marandellas, Rhodesia, 1967–73. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1975. [DOI: 10.1080/00725560.1975.9648750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Lesinger T, Haas D, Hegarty MP. Indospicine as an arginine antagonist in Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1972; 262:214-9. [PMID: 4336093 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(72)90235-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Christie GS, De Munk FG, Madsen NP, Hegarty MP. The effects of an arginine antagonist on stimulated human lymphocytes in culture. Pathology 1971; 3:139-44. [PMID: 5094870 DOI: 10.3109/00313027109071333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Christie GS, Madsen NP, Hegarty MP. Acute biochemical changes in rat liver induced by the naturally occurring amino acid indospicine. Biochem Pharmacol 1969; 18:693-700. [PMID: 5788512 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(69)90039-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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