1
|
Zimmerman AJ, Serrano-Rodriguez A, Wilson SJ, Linsenbardt DN, Brigman JL, Weick J. Knockout of AMPA receptor binding protein Neuron-Specific Gene 2 (NSG2) enhances associative learning and cognitive flexibility. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4790348. [PMID: 39257983 PMCID: PMC11384823 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4790348/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
The vast majority of gene mutations and/or gene knockouts result in either no observable changes, or significant deficits in molecular, cellular, or organismal function. However, in a small number of cases, mutant animal models display enhancements in specific behaviors such as learning and memory. To date, most gene deletions shown to enhance cognitive ability generally affect a limited number of pathways such as NMDA receptor- and translation-dependent plasticity, or GABA receptor- and potassium channel-mediated inhibition. While endolysosomal trafficking of AMPA receptors is a critical mediator of synaptic plasticity, mutations in genes that affect AMPAR trafficking either have no effect or are deleterious for synaptic plasticity, learning and memory. NSG2 is one of the three-member family of Neuron-specific genes (NSG1-3), which have been shown to regulate endolysosomal trafficking of a number of proteins critical for neuronal function, including AMPAR subunits (GluA1-2). Based on these findings and the largely universal expression throughout mammalian brain, we predicted that genetic knockout of NSG2 would result in significant impairments across multiple behavioral modalities including motor, affective, and learning/memory paradigms. However, in the current study we show that loss of NSG2 had highly selective effects on associative learning and memory, leaving motor and affective behaviors intact. For instance, NSG2 KO animals performed equivalent to wild-type C57Bl/6n mice on rotarod and Catwalk motor tasks, and did not display alterations in anxiety-like behavior on open field and elevated zero maze tasks. However, NSG2 KO animals demonstrated enhanced recall in the Morris water maze, accelerated reversal learning in a touch-screen task, and accelerated acquisition and enhanced recall on a Trace Fear Conditioning task. Together, these data point to a specific involvement of NSG2 on multiple types of associative learning, and expand the repertoire of pathways that can be targeted for cognitive enhancement.
Collapse
|
2
|
Shibata Y, Toji N, Wang H, Go Y, Wada K. Expansion of learning capacity elicited by interspecific hybridization. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn3409. [PMID: 38896617 PMCID: PMC11186503 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn3409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Learned behavior, a fundamental adaptive trait in fluctuating environments, is shaped by species-specific constraints. This phenomenon is evident in songbirds, which acquire their species-specific songs through vocal learning. To explore the neurogenetic mechanisms underlying species-specific song learning, we generated F1 hybrid songbirds by crossing Taeniopygia guttata with Aidemosyne modesta. These F1 hybrids demonstrate expanded learning capacities, adeptly mimicking songs from both parental species and other heterospecific songs more extensively than their parental counterparts. Despite the conserved size of brain regions and neuron numbers in the neural circuits for song learning and production, single-cell transcriptomics reveals distinctive transcriptional characteristics in the F1 hybrids, especially in vocal-motor projection neurons. These neurons exhibit enrichment for nonadditively expressed genes, particularly those related to ion channel activity and cell adhesion, which are associated with the degree of song learning among F1 individuals. Our findings provide insights into the emergence of altered learning capabilities through hybridization, linked to cell type-specific transcriptional changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukino Shibata
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
- Research Fellowship for Young Scientists of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Toji
- Research Fellowship for Young Scientists of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Hongdi Wang
- Evolutionary Neurobiology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0497, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Go
- Graduate School of Information Science, University of Hyogo, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS), Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS), Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Wada
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
- Research and Education Center for Brain Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cognitive Sequelae and Hippocampal Dysfunction in Chronic Kidney Disease following 5/6 Nephrectomy. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12070905. [PMID: 35884712 PMCID: PMC9321175 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12070905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders are prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Vascular factors and uremic toxins are involved with cognitive impairment in CKD. In addition, vascular dementia-induced alterations in the structure and function of the hippocampus can lead to deficits in hippocampal synaptic plasticity and cognitive function. However, regardless of this clinical evidence, the pathophysiology of cognitive impairment in patients with CKD is not fully understood. We used male Sprague Dawley rats and performed 5/6 nephrectomy to observe the changes in behavior, field excitatory postsynaptic potential, and immunostaining of the hippocampus following CKD progression. We measured the hippocampus volume on magnetic resonance imaging scans in the controls (n = 34) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) hemodialysis patients (n = 42). In four cognition-related behavior assays, including novel object recognition, Y-maze, Barnes maze, and classical contextual fear conditioning, we identified deficits in spatial working memory, learning and memory, and contextual memory, as well as the ability to distinguish familiar and new objects, in the rats with CKD. Immunohistochemical staining of Na+/H+ exchanger1 was increased in the hippocampus of the CKD rat models. We performed double immunofluorescent staining for aquaporin-4 and glial fibrillary acidic protein and then verified the high coexpression in the hippocampus of the CKD rat model. Furthermore, results from recoding of the field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) in the hippocampus showed the reduced amplitude and slope of fEPSP in the CKD rats. ESRD patients with cognitive impairment showed a significant decrease in the hippocampus volume compared with ESRD patients without cognitive impairment or the controls. Our findings suggest that uremia resulting from decreased kidney function may cause the destruction of the blood–brain barrier and hippocampus-related cognitive impairment in CKD.
Collapse
|
4
|
D'Oliveira da Silva F, Azevedo Neto J, Sturaro C, Guarino A, Robert C, Gavioli EC, Calo G, Mouledous L, Ruzza C. The NOP antagonist BTRX-246040 increases stress resilience in mice without affecting adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Neuropharmacology 2022; 212:109077. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
5
|
Toll L, Cippitelli A, Ozawa A. The NOP Receptor System in Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders: Discrepancies, Peculiarities and Clinical Progress in Developing Targeted Therapies. CNS Drugs 2021; 35:591-607. [PMID: 34057709 PMCID: PMC8279133 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-021-00821-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The nociceptin opioid peptide (NOP) receptor and its endogenous ligand nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) are the fourth members of the opioid receptor and opioid peptide families. Although they have considerable sequence homology to the other family members, they are not considered opioid per se because they do not have pharmacological profiles similar to the other family members. The number of NOP receptors in the brain is higher than the other family members, and NOP receptors can be found throughout the brain. Because of the widespread distribution of NOP receptors, N/OFQ and other peptide and small molecule agonists and antagonists have extensive CNS activities. Originally thought to be anti-opioid, NOP receptor agonists block some opioid activities, potentiate others, and modulate other activities not affected by traditional opiates. Because the effect of receptor activation can be dependent upon site of administration, state of the animal, and other variables, the study of NOP receptors has been fraught with contradictions and inconsistencies. In this article, the actions and controversies pertaining to NOP receptor activation and inhibition are discussed with respect to CNS disorders including pain (acute, chronic, and migraine), drug abuse, anxiety and depression. In addition, progress towards clinical use of NOP receptor-directed compounds is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Toll
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Rd, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA.
| | - Andrea Cippitelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Rd, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Akihiko Ozawa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Rd, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bąchor U, Mączyński M. Selected β 2-, β 3- and β 2,3-Amino Acid Heterocyclic Derivatives and Their Biological Perspective. Molecules 2021; 26:438. [PMID: 33467741 PMCID: PMC7829935 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterocyclic moieties, especially five and six-membered rings containing nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atoms, are broadly distributed in nature. Among them, synthetic and natural alike are pharmacologically active compounds and have always been at the forefront of attention due to their pharmacological properties. Heterocycles can be divided into different groups based on the presence of characteristic structural motifs. The presence of β-amino acid and heterocyclic core in one compound is very interesting; additionally, it very often plays a vital role in their biological activity. Usually, such compounds are not considered to be chemicals containing a β-amino acid motif; however, considering them as this class of compounds may open new routes of their preparation and application as new drug precursors or even drugs. The possibility of their application as nonproteinogenic amino acid residues in peptide or peptide derivatives synthesis to prepare a new class of compounds is also promising. This review highlights the actual state of knowledge about β-amino acid moiety-containing heterocycles presenting antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial compounds, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitors, as well as agonist and antagonists of the receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Bąchor
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
The neural mechanisms underlying the impacts of noise on nonauditory function, particularly learning and memory, remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that rats exposed postnatally (between postnatal days 9 and 56) to structured noise delivered at a sound pressure level of ∼65 dB displayed significantly degraded hippocampus-related learning and memory abilities. Noise exposure also suppressed the induction of hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP). In parallel, the total or phosphorylated levels of certain LTP-related key signaling molecules in the synapses of the hippocampus were down-regulated. However, no significant changes in stress-related processes were found for the noise-exposed rats. These results in a rodent model indicate that even moderate-level noise with little effect on stress status can substantially impair hippocampus-related learning and memory by altering the plasticity of synaptic transmission. They support the importance of more thoroughly defining the unappreciated hazards of moderately loud noise in modern human environments.
Collapse
|
8
|
Tyagi A, Daliri EBM, Kwami Ofosu F, Yeon SJ, Oh DH. Food-Derived Opioid Peptides in Human Health: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8825. [PMID: 33233481 PMCID: PMC7700510 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
World Health Organization data suggest that stress, depression, and anxiety have a noticeable prevalence and are becoming some of the most common causes of disability in the Western world. Stress-related disorders are considered to be a challenge for the healthcare system with their great economic and social impact. The knowledge on these conditions is not very clear among many people, as a high proportion of patients do not respond to the currently available medications for targeting the monoaminergic system. In addition, the use of clinical drugs is also associated with various side effects such as vomiting, dizziness, sedation, nausea, constipation, and many more, which prevents their effective use. Therefore, opioid peptides derived from food sources are becoming one of the safe and natural alternatives because of their production from natural sources such as animals and plant proteins. The requirement for screening and considering dietary proteins as a source of bioactive peptides is highlighted to understand their potential roles in stress-related disorders as a part of a diet or as a drug complementing therapeutic prescription. In this review, we discussed current knowledge on opioid endogenous and exogenous peptides concentrating on their production, purification, and related studies. To fully understand their potential in stress-related conditions, either as a drug or as a therapeutic part of a diet prescription, the need to screen more dietary proteins as a source of novel opioid peptides is emphasized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Deog-Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea; (A.T.); (E.B.-M.D.); (F.K.O.); (S.-J.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Holanda VAD, Oliveira MC, Da Silva Junior ED, Calo' G, Ruzza C, Gavioli EC. Blockade of nociceptin/orphanin FQ signaling facilitates an active copying strategy due to acute and repeated stressful stimuli in mice. Neurobiol Stress 2020; 13:100255. [PMID: 33344710 PMCID: PMC7739191 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2020.100255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of stress in the etiology of depression has been largely reported. In this line, exogenous glucocorticoids are employed to mimic the influence of stress on the development of depression. The N/OFQ-NOP receptor system has been implicated in the modulation of stress and emotional behaviors. In fact, the blockade of NOP receptors induces antidepressant effects and increases resilience to acute stress. This study investigated the effects of the NOP receptor blockade on dexamethasone-treated mice exposed to acute and prolonged swimming stress. Swiss and NOP(+/+) and NOP(−/−) mice were treated with dexamethasone, and the protective effects of the NOP antagonist SB-612111 (10 mg/kg, ip) or imipramine (20 mg/kg, ip) were investigated in three swimming sessions. The re-exposure to swim stress increased immobility time in Swiss and NOP(+/+), but not in NOP(−/−) mice. Acute and repeated dexamethasone administration induced a further increase in the immobility time, and facilitated body weight loss in Swiss mice. Single administration of SB-612111, but not imipramine, prevented swimming stress- and dexamethasone-induced increase in the immobility time. Repeated administrations of SB-612111 prevented the deleterious effects of 5 days of dexamethasone treatment. Imipramine also partially prevented the effects of repeated glucocorticoid administration on the immobility time, but did not affect the body weight loss. NOP(−/−) mice were more resistant than NOP(+/+) mice to inescapable swimming stress, but not dexamethasone-induced increase in the immobility time and body weight loss. In conclusion, the blockade of the NOP receptor facilitates an active stress copying response and attenuates body weight loss due to repeated stress.
Collapse
Key Words
- ACTH, adrenocorticotropic hormone
- CRF, corticotrophin releasing factor
- Dexamethasone
- Forced swimming test
- GR, glucocorticoid receptor
- HPA, hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- MR, mineralocorticoid receptor
- Mouse
- N/OFQ, nociceptin/orphanin FQ
- NOP receptor
- NOP, nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide receptor
- Nociceptin/orphanin FQ
- POMC, opiomelanocortin
- SB-612111
- SPF, specific pathogen-free
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor A D Holanda
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Matheus C Oliveira
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Edilson D Da Silva Junior
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Girolamo Calo'
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Chiara Ruzza
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Technopole of Ferrara, LTTA Laboratory for Advanced Therapies, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elaine C Gavioli
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sasaki-Hamada S, Hojyo Y, Mizumoto R, Koyama H, Yanagisawa S, Oka JI. Cognitive and hippocampal synaptic profiles in monosodium glutamate-induced obese mice. Neurosci Res 2020; 170:201-207. [PMID: 32949668 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a growing worldwide public health issue and is associated with a range of comorbidities, including cognitive deficits. The present study investigated synaptic changes in the hippocampus during the development of obesity. The treatment of newborn mice with monosodium-L-glutamate (MSG, 2 mg/g) induced obesity and recognition memory deficits in the novel object recognition (NOR) test at 16-17 weeks, but not at 8-9 weeks. Hippocampal synaptic plasticity, including long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD), and excitatory synaptic transmission at Schaffer collateral-CA1 (SC-CA1) synapses were compared between MSG-treated mice and age-matched control mice. LTP and fiber volley amplitudes were enhanced in MSG-treated mice at 16-17 weeks, but not at 8-9 weeks. Furthermore, the strength of paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) changed in MSG-treated mice at 16-17 weeks, but not at 8-9 weeks. These results suggest that enhanced LTP in the SC-CA1 synapses of MSG-induced obese mice involves presynaptic rather than postsynaptic mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sachie Sasaki-Hamada
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; Department of Physiology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan
| | - Yuki Hojyo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Ryo Mizumoto
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Hajime Koyama
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Shoko Yanagisawa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichiro Oka
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chang SY, DeVera C, Yang Z, Yang T, Song L, McDowell A, Xiong ZG, Simon R, Zhou A. Hippocampal changes in mice lacking an active prohormone convertase 2. Hippocampus 2020; 30:715-723. [PMID: 32057164 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Prohormone convertase 2 (PC2) is essential for the biosynthesis of many neuropeptides, including several of them in hippocampus. In mouse brain, lacking an enzymatically active PC2 (PC2-null) causes accumulation of many neuropeptides in their precursor or intermediate forms. Little is known about how a PC2-null state may affect the function of the hippocampus. In this study, adult PC2-null mice and their wildtype (WT) littermates were subjected to three analyses to determine possible changes associated with PC2-null at physiological, behavioral, and molecular levels, respectively, under normal and stressed conditions. Electrophysiological recordings of hippocampal slices were performed to measure evoked field-excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSP), long-term potentiation (LTP), and paired-pulse facilitation (PPF). Morris water maze (MWM) testing was conducted to examine behavioral changes that are indicative of hippocampal integrity. Quantitative mass spectrometry analysis was used to determine changes in the hippocampal proteome in response to a focal cerebral ischemic insult. We found that there were no significant differences in the threshold of evoked EPSPs between PC2-null and WT animals. However, an increase in LTP in both triggering rate and amplitude was observed in PC2-null mice, suggesting that PC2 may be involved in regulating synaptic strength. The PPF, on the other hand, showed a decrease in PC2-null mice, suggesting a presynaptic mechanism. Consistent with changes in LTP, PC2-null mice displayed decreased latencies in finding the escape platform in the MWM test. Further, after distal focal cerebral ischemia, the hippocampal proteomes incurred changes in both WT and PC2-null mice, with a prominent change in proteins associated with neurotransmission, exocytosis, and transport processes seen in the PC2-null but not WT mice. Taken together, our results suggest that PC2 is involved in regulating hippocampal synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory behaviors, as well as the hippocampal response to stresses originating in other regions of the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su-Youne Chang
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Christopher DeVera
- Department of Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Zhihua Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lina Song
- Department of Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Arthur McDowell
- Department of Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Zhi-Gang Xiong
- Department of Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Roger Simon
- Department of Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - An Zhou
- Department of Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fan C, Gao Y, Liang G, Huang L, Wang J, Yang X, Shi Y, Dräger UC, Zhong M, Gao TM, Yang X. Transcriptomics of Gabra4 knockout mice reveals common NMDAR pathways underlying autism, memory, and epilepsy. Mol Autism 2020; 11:13. [PMID: 32033586 PMCID: PMC7007694 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-020-0318-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neuronal developmental disorder with impaired social interaction and communication, often with abnormal intelligence and comorbidity with epilepsy. Disturbances in synaptic transmission, including the GABAergic, glutamatergic, and serotonergic systems, are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of this disorder, yet we do not know if there is a common molecular mechanism. As mutations in the GABAergic receptor subunit gene GABRA4 are reported in patients with ASD, we eliminated the Gabra4 gene in mice and found that the Gabra4 knockout mice showed autistic-like behavior, enhanced spatial memory, and attenuated susceptibility to pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures, a constellation of symptoms resembling human high-functioning autism. To search for potential molecular pathways involved in these phenotypes, we performed a hippocampal transcriptome profiling, constructed a hippocampal interactome network, and revealed an upregulation of the NMDAR system at the center of the converged pathways underlying high-functioning autism-like and anti-epilepsy phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cuixia Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1838 N. Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Guanmei Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1838 N. Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Lang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xiaoxue Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yiwu Shi
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Ursula C Dräger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Mei Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Tian-Ming Gao
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xinping Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China. .,Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China. .,Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1838 N. Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Puryear CB, Brooks J, Tan L, Smith K, Li Y, Cunningham J, Todtenkopf MS, Dean RL, Sanchez C. Opioid receptor modulation of neural circuits in depression: What can be learned from preclinical data? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 108:658-678. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
14
|
Bando M, Masumoto S, Kuroda M, Tsutsumi R, Sakaue H. Effect of olive oil consumption on aging in a senescence-accelerated mice-prone 8 (SAMP8) model. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INVESTIGATION 2019; 66:241-247. [PMID: 31656282 DOI: 10.2152/jmi.66.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Background : Mediterranean diets have been linked to a reduced risk of cancer, vascular illnesses, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. Olive oil is the primary fat source in the Mediterranean diet ; however, only a few studies have investigated the effect of olive oil on aging. In the present study, we aimed to determine whether consumption of olive oil significantly influences aging and memory in senescence-accelerated mouse-prone 8 (SAMP8). Methods : SAMP8 and senescence-accelerated mouse resistant 1 (SAMR1) mice were fed either 7% soy oil or 1% olive oil and 6% soy oil during a six-month study period. Reduction in memory in passive avoidance learning was examined after two months from the initiation of the experiment. Results : The weight of organs including the liver, kidney, spleen, and fat tissue changed significantly and memory performance was reduced in SAMP8 than in SAMR1 mice. There were no significant differences in SAMP8 and SAMR1 mice; however, blood triglyceride level decreased significantly in SAMP8 mice fed on olive oil. Conclusions : These results suggest that consuming olive oil may not have a protective role in aging and memory recall, but beneficial effects may be related to improvement in lipid metabolism. J. Med. Invest. 66 : 241-247, August, 2019.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Bando
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Saeko Masumoto
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masashi Kuroda
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Rie Tsutsumi
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sakaue
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li H, Hu B, Zhang HP, Boyle CA, Lei S. Roles of K + and cation channels in ORL-1 receptor-mediated depression of neuronal excitability and epileptic activities in the medial entorhinal cortex. Neuropharmacology 2019; 151:144-158. [PMID: 30998945 PMCID: PMC6500758 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Nociceptin (NOP) is an endogenous opioid-like peptide that selectively activates the opioid receptor-like (ORL-1) receptors. The entorhinal cortex (EC) is closely related to temporal lobe epilepsy and expresses high densities of ORL-1 receptors. However, the functions of NOP in the EC, especially in modulating the epileptiform activity in the EC, have not been determined. We demonstrated that activation of ORL-1 receptors remarkably inhibited the epileptiform activity in entorhinal slices induced by application of picrotoxin or by deprivation of extracellular Mg2+. NOP-mediated depression of epileptiform activity was independent of synaptic transmission in the EC, but mediated by inhibition of neuronal excitability in the EC. NOP hyperpolarized entorhinal neurons via activation of K+ channels and inhibition of cation channels. Whereas application of Ba2+ at 300 μM which is effective for the inward rectifier K+ (Kir) channels slightly inhibited NOP-induced hyperpolarization, the current-voltage (I-V) curve of the net currents induced by NOP was linear without showing inward rectification. However, a role of NOP-induced inhibition of cation channels was revealed after inhibition of Kir channels by Ba2+. Furthermore, NOP-mediated augmentation of membrane currents was differently affected by application of the blockers selective for distinct subfamilies of Kir channels. Whereas SCH23390 or ML133 blocked NOP-induced augmentation of membrane currents at negative potentials, application of tertiapin-Q exerted no actions on NOP-induced alteration of membrane currents. Our results demonstrated a novel cellular and molecular mechanism whereby activation of ORL-1 receptors depresses epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiming Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA
| | - Binqi Hu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA
| | - Hao-Peng Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA
| | - Cody A Boyle
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA
| | - Saobo Lei
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) is an endogenous neuropeptide of 17 amino acids, related to opioid peptides but with its own receptor, distinct from conventional opioid receptors, the ORL1 or NOP receptor. The NOP receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor which activates Gi/o proteins and thus induces an inhibition of neuronal activity. The peptide and its receptor are widely expressed in the central nervous system with a high density of receptors in regions involved in learning and memory. This review describes the consequences of the pharmacological manipulation of the N/OFQ system by NOP receptor ligands on learning processes and on the consolidation of various types of long-term memory. We also discuss the role of endogenous N/OFQ release in the modulation of learning and memory. Finally we propose several putative neuronal mechanisms taking place at the level of the hippocampus and amygdala and possibly underlying the behavioral amnestic or promnesic effects of NOP ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Moulédous
- Research Center on Animal Cognition (CRCA), Center for Integrative Biology (CBI), Toulouse University, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Whilst the nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) receptor (NOP) has similar intracellular coupling mechanisms to opioid receptors, it has distinct modulatory effects on physiological functions such as pain. These actions range from agonistic to antagonistic interactions with classical opioids within the spinal cord and brain, respectively. Understanding the electrophysiological actions of N/OFQ has been crucial in ascertaining the mechanisms by which these agonistic and antagonistic interactions occur. These similarities and differences between N/OFQ and opioids are due to the relative location of NOP versus opioid receptors on specific neuronal elements within these CNS regions. These mechanisms result in varied cellular actions including postsynaptic modulation of ion channels and presynaptic regulation of neurotransmitter release.
Collapse
|
18
|
Caputi FF, Romualdi P, Candeletti S. Regulation of the Genes Encoding the ppN/OFQ and NOP Receptor. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2019; 254:141-162. [PMID: 30689088 DOI: 10.1007/164_2018_196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Over the years, the ability of N/OFQ-NOP receptor system in modulating several physiological functions, including the release of neurotransmitters, anxiety-like behavior responses, modulation of the reward circuitry, inflammatory signaling, nociception, and motor function, has been examined in several brain regions and at spinal level. This chapter collects information related to the genes encoding the ppN/OFQ and NOP receptor, their regulation, and relative transcriptional control mechanisms. Furthermore, genetic manipulations, polymorphisms, and epigenetic alterations associated with different pathological conditions are discussed. The evidence here collected indicates that the study of ppN/OFQ and NOP receptor gene expression may offer novel opportunities in the field of personalized therapies and highlights this system as a good "druggable target" for different pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Felicia Caputi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Romualdi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Sanzio Candeletti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Calo G, Lambert DG. Nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor ligands and translational challenges: focus on cebranopadol as an innovative analgesic. Br J Anaesth 2018; 121:1105-1114. [PMID: 30336855 PMCID: PMC6208290 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2018.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioids are characterised as classical (mu, delta, and kappa) along with the non-classical nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) receptor or NOP. Targeting NOP has therapeutic indications in control of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems and micturition, and a profile as an antidepressant. For all of these indications, there are translational human data. Opioids such as morphine and fentanyl (activating the mu receptor) are the mainstay of pain treatment in the perioperative period, despite a challenging side-effect profile. Opioids in general have poor efficacy in neuropathic pain. Moreover, longer term use is associated with tolerance. There is good evidence interactions between opioid receptors, and receptor co-activation can reduce side-effects without compromising analgesia; this is particularly true for mu and NOP co-activation. Recent pharmaceutical development has produced a mixed opioid/NOP agonist, cebranopadol. This new chemical entity is effective in animal models of nociceptive and neuropathic pain with greater efficacy in the latter. In animal models, there is little evidence for respiratory depression, and tolerance (compared with morphine) only develops after long treatment periods. There is now early phase clinical development in diabetic neuropathy, cancer pain, and low back pain where cebranopadol displays significant efficacy. In 1996, N/OFQ was formally identified with an innovative analgesic profile. Approximately 20 yr later, cebranopadol as a clinical ligand is advancing through the human trials process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Calo
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medical Sciences, National Institute of Neurosciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - D G Lambert
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kumar V, Polgar WE, Cami-Kobeci G, Thomas MP, Khroyan TV, Toll L, Husbands SM. Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and SAR Studies of 14β-phenylacetyl Substituted 17-cyclopropylmethyl-7, 8-dihydronoroxymorphinones Derivatives: Ligands With Mixed NOP and Opioid Receptor Profile. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:430. [PMID: 30283364 PMCID: PMC6156383 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of 14β-acyl substituted 17-cyclopropylmethyl-7,8-dihydronoroxymorphinone compounds has been synthesized and evaluated for affinity and efficacy for mu (MOP), kappa (KOP), and delta (DOP) opioid receptors and nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide (NOP) receptors. The majority of the new ligands displayed high binding affinities for the three opioid receptors, and moderate affinity for NOP receptors. The affinities for NOP receptors are of particular interest as most classical opioid ligands do not bind to NOP receptors. The predominant activity in the [35S]GTPγS assay was partial agonism at each receptor. The results are consistent with our prediction that an appropriate 14β side chain would access a binding site within the NOP receptor and result in substantially higher affinity than displayed by the parent compound naltrexone. Molecular modeling studies, utilizing the recently reported structure of the NOP receptor, are also consistent with this interpretation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | | | - Gerta Cami-Kobeci
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Mark P. Thomas
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | | | - Lawrence Toll
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
| | - Stephen M. Husbands
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Khan MS, Boileau I, Kolla N, Mizrahi R. A systematic review of the role of the nociceptin receptor system in stress, cognition, and reward: relevance to schizophrenia. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:38. [PMID: 29391391 PMCID: PMC5804030 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-017-0080-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a debilitating neuropsychiatric illness that is characterized by positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms. Research over the past two decades suggests that the nociceptin receptor system may be involved in domains affected in schizophrenia, based on evidence aligning it with hallmark features of the disorder. First, aberrant glutamatergic and striatal dopaminergic function are associated with psychotic symptoms, and the nociceptin receptor system has been shown to regulate dopamine and glutamate transmission. Second, stress is a critical risk factor for first break and relapse in schizophrenia, and evidence suggests that the nociceptin receptor system is also directly involved in stress modulation. Third, cognitive deficits are prevalent in schizophrenia, and the nociceptin receptor system has significant impact on learning and working memory. Last, reward processing is disrupted in schizophrenia, and nociceptin signaling has been shown to regulate reward cue salience. These findings provide the foundation for the involvement of the nociceptin receptor system in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and outline the need for future research into this system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saad Khan
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Isabelle Boileau
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Nathan Kolla
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College St., Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Romina Mizrahi
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College St., Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zaveri NT, Marquez PV, Meyer ME, Hamid A, Lutfy K. The Nociceptin Receptor (NOP) Agonist AT-312 Blocks Acquisition of Morphine- and Cocaine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference in Mice. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:638. [PMID: 30555362 PMCID: PMC6281746 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of drug addiction remains an unmet medical need due to the dearth of approved pharmacotherapies. There are no approved treatments for cocaine addiction, whereas the current opioid crisis has revealed the stark reality of the limited options to treat prescription and illicit opioid abuse. Preclinical studies in rodents and nonhuman primates have shown that orphanin FQ/nociceptin (N/OFQ), the endogenous ligand for the nociceptin opioid receptor (NOP) reduces the rewarding effects of several abused substances, including opioids, psychostimulants and alcohol. A few nonpeptide small-molecule NOP agonists have also shown efficacy in attenuating the rewarding effects of various abused drugs. We previously demonstrated that a high affinity small-molecule NOP agonist AT-312 selectively reduced the rewarding effects of ethanol in the conditioned place preference paradigm in mice. In the present study, we examined if AT-312 (3 mg/kg, i.p. or s.c. respectively), would alter the rewarding action of morphine (7.5 mg/kg, s.c.) or cocaine (15 mg/kg, i.p.). The effect of AT-312 on morphine- and cocaine-induced motor stimulation was also assessed on the conditioning days. The role of the NOP receptor in the effects of AT-312 was further confirmed by conducting the place conditioning experiments in NOP knockout mice and compared to their wild-type controls. Our results showed that AT-312 significantly reduced the acquisition of morphine and cocaine CPP in wild-type mice but not in mice lacking NOP receptors. AT-312 also suppressed morphine-induced and completely abolished cocaine-induced motor stimulation in NOP wild-type mice, but not in NOP knockout mice. These results show that small-molecule NOP receptor agonists have promising efficacy for attenuating the rewarding effects of morphine and cocaine, and may have potential as pharmacotherapy for opioid and psychostimulant addiction or for treating polydrug addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nurulain T Zaveri
- Astraea Therapeutics, LLC, Mountain View, California, CA, United States
| | - Paul V Marquez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Michael E Meyer
- Astraea Therapeutics, LLC, Mountain View, California, CA, United States
| | - Abdul Hamid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Kabirullah Lutfy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Adem A, Madjid N, Kahl U, Holst S, Sadek B, Sandin J, Terenius L, Ögren SO. Nociceptin and the NOP receptor in aversive learning in mice. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 27:1298-1307. [PMID: 29102248 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The endogenous neuropeptide nociceptin (N/OFQ), which mediates its actions via the nociceptin receptor (NOP), is implicated in multiple behavioural and physiological functions. This study examined the effects of the NOP agonists N/OFQ and the synthetic agonist Ro 64-6198, the antagonists NNN and NalBzoH, as well as deletion of the Pronociceptin gene on emotional memory in mice. The animals were tested in the passive avoidance (PA) task, dependent on hippocampal and amygdala functions. N/OFQ injected intraventricularly (i.c.v.) prior to training produced a biphasic effect on PA retention; facilitation at a low dose and impairment at higher doses. Ro 64-6198 also displayed a biphasic effect with memory facilitation at lower doses and impairment at a high dose. None of the agonists influenced PA training latencies. NNN did not significantly modulate retention in the PA task but antagonized the inhibitory effects of N/OFQ. NalBzoH facilitated memory retention in a dose-dependent manner and blocked the impairing effects of N/OFQ. However, neither NNN nor NalBzoH blocked the memory-impairing effects of Ro 64-6198. Finally, the Pnoc knockout mice exhibited enhanced PA retention latencies compared to the wild type mice. The biphasic effect of the natural ligand and Ro 64-6198 and the failure of the antagonists to block the action of Ro 64-6198 indicate complexity in ligand-receptor interaction. These results indicate that brain nociceptin and its NOP has a subtle role in regulation of mechanisms of relevance for treatment of disorders with processing disturbances of aversive events e.g. Alzheimer's disease, anxiety, depression and PTSD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdu Adem
- Department of Neuroscience, Retzius väg 8, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Nather Madjid
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences UAE University, Al Ain, UAE; Department of Neuroscience, Retzius väg 8, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Kahl
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences UAE University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Sarah Holst
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences UAE University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Bassem Sadek
- Department of Neuroscience, Retzius väg 8, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Sandin
- AlzeCure Foundation, Karolinska Institutet Science Park, Hälsovägen 7, S-141 57 Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Terenius
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, CMM L8:01, Karolinska University Hospital, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sven Ove Ögren
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences UAE University, Al Ain, UAE.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kim M, Yu JH, Seo JH, Shin YK, Wi S, Baek A, Song SY, Cho SR. Neurobehavioral Assessments in a Mouse Model of Neonatal Hypoxic-ischemic Brain Injury. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 29286442 DOI: 10.3791/55838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed unilateral carotid artery occlusion on CD-1 mice to create a neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) model and investigated the effects of neonatal HI brain injury by studying neurobehavioral functions in these mice compared to non-operated (i.e., normal) mice. During the study, Rice-Vannucci's method was used to induce neonatal HI brain damage in postnatal day 7-10 (P7-10) mice. The HI operation was performed on the pups by unilateral carotid artery ligation and exposure to hypoxia (8% O2 and 92% N2 for 90 min). One week after the operation, the damaged brains were evaluated with the naked eye through the semi-transparent skull and were categorized into subgroups based on the absence ("no cortical injury" group) or presence ("cortical injury" group) of cortical injury, such as a lesion in the right hemisphere. On week 6, the following neurobehavioral tests were performed to evaluate the cognitive and motor functions: passive avoidance task (PAT), ladder walking test, and grip strength test. These behavioral tests are helpful in determining the effects of neonatal HI brain injury and are used in other mouse models of neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, neonatal HI brain injury mice showed motor deficits that corresponded to right hemisphere damage. The behavioral test results are relevant to the deficits observed in human neonatal HI patients, such as cerebral palsy or neonatal stroke patients. In this study, a mouse model of neonatal HI brain injury was established and showed different degrees of motor deficits and cognitive impairment compared to non-operated mice. This work provides basic information on the HI mouse model. MRI images demonstrate the different phenotypes, separated according to the severity of brain damage by motor and cognitive tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- MinGi Kim
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University
| | - Ji Hea Yu
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine
| | - Jung Hwa Seo
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University
| | - Yoon-Kyum Shin
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University
| | - Soohyun Wi
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University
| | - Ahreum Baek
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine
| | - Suk-Young Song
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine; Graduate Program of NanoScience and Technology, Yonsei University
| | - Sung-Rae Cho
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University; Rehabilitation Institute of Neuromuscular Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine; Graduate Program of NanoScience and Technology, Yonsei University;
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Rekik K, Faria Da Silva R, Colom M, Pacifico S, Zaveri NT, Calo' G, Rampon C, Frances B, Mouledous L. Activation of nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptors inhibits contextual fear memory reconsolidation. Neuropharmacology 2017; 125:39-49. [PMID: 28705439 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Several neuropeptidergic systems act as modulators of cognitive performances. Among them, nociceptin, an opioid-like peptide also known as orphanin FQ (N/OFQ), has recently gained attention. Stimulation of its receptor, the N/OFQ opioid receptor (NOP), which is expressed in brain regions involved in emotion, memory and stress response, has inhibitory effects on the acquisition and/or consolidation of spatial and emotional memory in rodents. Recently, N/OFQ was also proposed to be linked to the pathogenesis of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in humans. However, until now the effect of the activation of the N/OFQ-NOP system on already consolidated memory, such as during retrieval and reconsolidation phases, has never been explored. In the present study, we investigated the consequences of systemic injection of NOP agonists or i.c.v. injection of the N/OFQ peptide on the retrieval and the reconsolidation of contextual fear memory in mice. We demonstrate that the activation of the N/OFQ system impairs the reconsolidation of context-dependent but not cue-dependent aversive memories. We also show that this amnestic effect is associated with decreased c-Fos expression in the hippocampus and amygdala. Our data thus provide the first evidence that the NOP receptor could be targeted during the reconsolidation process to weaken maladaptive memories. The N/OFQ-NOP system might constitute in the future an interesting pharmacological target for interfering with so-called "pathological memories", in particular those involving maladaptive contextual memories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khaoula Rekik
- Research Center on Animal Cognition, Center for Integrative Biology, Toulouse University, CNRS, UPS, France
| | - Raquel Faria Da Silva
- Research Center on Animal Cognition, Center for Integrative Biology, Toulouse University, CNRS, UPS, France
| | - Morgane Colom
- Research Center on Animal Cognition, Center for Integrative Biology, Toulouse University, CNRS, UPS, France
| | - Salvatore Pacifico
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and LTTA, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Nurulain T Zaveri
- Astraea Therapeutic LLC, 320 Logue Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
| | - Girolamo Calo'
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Claire Rampon
- Research Center on Animal Cognition, Center for Integrative Biology, Toulouse University, CNRS, UPS, France
| | - Bernard Frances
- Research Center on Animal Cognition, Center for Integrative Biology, Toulouse University, CNRS, UPS, France
| | - Lionel Mouledous
- Research Center on Animal Cognition, Center for Integrative Biology, Toulouse University, CNRS, UPS, France.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ueda H, Sasaki K, Halder SK, Deguchi Y, Takao K, Miyakawa T, Tajima A. Prothymosin alpha-deficiency enhances anxiety-like behaviors and impairs learning/memory functions and neurogenesis. J Neurochem 2017; 141:124-136. [PMID: 28122138 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Prothymosin alpha (ProTα) is expressed in various mammalian organs including the neuronal nuclei in the brain, and is involved in multiple functions, such as chromatin remodeling, transcriptional regulation, cell proliferation, and survival. ProTα has beneficial actions against ischemia-induced necrosis and apoptosis in the brain and retina. However, characterizing the physiological roles of endogenous ProTα in the brain without stress remains elusive. Here, we generated ProTα-deficiency mice to explore whether endogenous ProTα is involved in normal brain functions. We successfully generated heterozygous ProTα knockout (ProTα+/- ) mice, while all homozygous ProTα knockout (ProTα-/- ) offspring died at early embryonic stage, suggesting that ProTα has crucial roles in embryonic development. In the evaluation of different behavioral tests, ProTα+/- mice exhibited hypolocomotor activity in the open-field test and enhanced anxiety-like behaviors in the light/dark transition test and the novelty induced hypophagia test. ProTα+/- mice also showed impaired learning and memory in the step-through passive avoidance test and the KUROBOX test. Depression-like behaviors in ProTα+/- mice in the forced swim and tail suspension tests were comparable with that of wild-type mice. Furthermore, adult hippocampal neurogenesis was significantly decreased in ProTα+/- mice. ProTα+/- mice showed an impaired long-term potentiation induction in the evaluation of electrophysiological recordings from acute hippocampal slices. Microarray analysis revealed that the candidate genes related to anxiety, learning/memory-functions, and neurogenesis were down-regulated in ProTα+/- mice. Thus, this study suggests that ProTα has crucial physiological roles in the robustness of brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ueda
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Keita Sasaki
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Sebok Kumar Halder
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yuichi Deguchi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Keizo Takao
- Section of Behavior Patterns, Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, NINS, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Miyakawa
- Section of Behavior Patterns, Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, NINS, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan.,Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tajima
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Matsushima A, Nishimura H, Matsuyama Y, Liu X, Costa T, Shimohigashi Y. Specific affinity-labeling of the nociceptin ORL1 receptor using a thiol-activated Cys(Npys)-containing peptide ligand. Biopolymers 2016; 106:460-9. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.22792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayami Matsushima
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Structure-Function Biochemistry, Faculty and Graduate School of Science; Kyushu University; Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Hirokazu Nishimura
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Structure-Function Biochemistry, Faculty and Graduate School of Science; Kyushu University; Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Yutaka Matsuyama
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Structure-Function Biochemistry, Faculty and Graduate School of Science; Kyushu University; Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Structure-Function Biochemistry, Faculty and Graduate School of Science; Kyushu University; Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Tommaso Costa
- Istituto Superiore Di Sanità; Laboratorio Di Farmacologia; Viale Regina Elena 299 Roma Italy
| | - Yasuyuki Shimohigashi
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Structure-Function Biochemistry, Faculty and Graduate School of Science; Kyushu University; Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Toll L, Bruchas MR, Calo' G, Cox BM, Zaveri NT. Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ Receptor Structure, Signaling, Ligands, Functions, and Interactions with Opioid Systems. Pharmacol Rev 2016; 68:419-57. [PMID: 26956246 PMCID: PMC4813427 DOI: 10.1124/pr.114.009209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The NOP receptor (nociceptin/orphanin FQ opioid peptide receptor) is the most recently discovered member of the opioid receptor family and, together with its endogenous ligand, N/OFQ, make up the fourth members of the opioid receptor and opioid peptide family. Because of its more recent discovery, an understanding of the cellular and behavioral actions induced by NOP receptor activation are less well developed than for the other members of the opioid receptor family. All of these factors are important because NOP receptor activation has a clear modulatory role on mu opioid receptor-mediated actions and thereby affects opioid analgesia, tolerance development, and reward. In addition to opioid modulatory actions, NOP receptor activation has important effects on motor function and other physiologic processes. This review discusses how NOP pharmacology intersects, contrasts, and interacts with the mu opioid receptor in terms of tertiary structure and mechanism of receptor activation; location of receptors in the central nervous system; mechanisms of desensitization and downregulation; cellular actions; intracellular signal transduction pathways; and behavioral actions with respect to analgesia, tolerance, dependence, and reward. This is followed by a discussion of the agonists and antagonists that have most contributed to our current knowledge. Because NOP receptors are highly expressed in brain and spinal cord and NOP receptor activation sometimes synergizes with mu receptor-mediated actions and sometimes opposes them, an understanding of NOP receptor pharmacology in the context of these interactions with the opioid receptors will be crucial to the development of novel therapeutics that engage the NOP receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Toll
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie, Florida (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesiology, and Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (M.R.B.); Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medical Science, and National Institute of Neurosciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy (G.C.); Professor of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland (B.M.C.); and Astraea Therapeutics, LLC, Mountain View, California (N.T.Z.)
| | - Michael R Bruchas
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie, Florida (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesiology, and Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (M.R.B.); Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medical Science, and National Institute of Neurosciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy (G.C.); Professor of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland (B.M.C.); and Astraea Therapeutics, LLC, Mountain View, California (N.T.Z.)
| | - Girolamo Calo'
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie, Florida (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesiology, and Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (M.R.B.); Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medical Science, and National Institute of Neurosciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy (G.C.); Professor of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland (B.M.C.); and Astraea Therapeutics, LLC, Mountain View, California (N.T.Z.)
| | - Brian M Cox
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie, Florida (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesiology, and Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (M.R.B.); Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medical Science, and National Institute of Neurosciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy (G.C.); Professor of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland (B.M.C.); and Astraea Therapeutics, LLC, Mountain View, California (N.T.Z.)
| | - Nurulain T Zaveri
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie, Florida (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesiology, and Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (M.R.B.); Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medical Science, and National Institute of Neurosciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy (G.C.); Professor of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland (B.M.C.); and Astraea Therapeutics, LLC, Mountain View, California (N.T.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lutfy K, Zaveri NT. The Nociceptin Receptor as an Emerging Molecular Target for Cocaine Addiction. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2015; 137:149-81. [PMID: 26810001 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine addiction is a global public health and socioeconomic issue that requires pharmacological and cognitive therapies. Currently there are no FDA-approved medications to treat cocaine addiction. However, in preclinical studies, interventions ranging from herbal medicine to deep-brain stimulation have shown promise for the therapy of cocaine addiction. Recent developments in molecular biology, pharmacology, and medicinal chemistry have enabled scientists to identify novel molecular targets along the pathways involved in drug addiction. In 1994, a receptor that showed a great deal of homology to the traditional opioid receptors was characterized. However, endogenous and exogenous opioids failed to bind to this receptor, which led scientists to name it opioid receptor-like receptor, now referred to as the nociceptin receptor. The endogenous ligand of NOPr was identified a year later and named orphanin FQ/nociceptin. Nociceptin and NOPr are widely distributed throughout the CNS and are involved in many physiological responses, such as food intake, nociceptive processing, neurotransmitter release, etc. Furthermore, exogenous nociceptin has been shown to regulate the activity of mesolimbic dopaminergic neurons, glutamate, and opioid systems, and the stress circuit. Importantly, exogenous nociceptin has been shown to reduce the rewarding and addictive actions of a number of drugs of abuse, such as psychostimulants, alcohol, and opioids. This paper reviews the existing literature on the role of endogenous nociceptin in the rewarding and addictive actions of cocaine. The effect of exogenous nociceptin on these processes is also reviewed. Furthermore, the effects of novel small-molecule NOPr ligands on these actions of cocaine are discussed. Overall, a review of the literature suggests that NOPr could be an emerging target for cocaine addiction pharmacotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kabirullah Lutfy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Thomas SA. Neuromodulatory signaling in hippocampus-dependent memory retrieval. Hippocampus 2015; 25:415-31. [PMID: 25475876 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Considerable advances have been made toward understanding the molecular signaling events that underlie memory acquisition and consolidation. In contrast, less is known about memory retrieval, despite its necessity for utilizing learned information. This review focuses on neuromodulatory and intracellular signaling events that underlie memory retrieval mediated by the hippocampus, for which the most information is currently available. Among neuromodulators, adrenergic signaling is required for the retrieval of various types of hippocampus-dependent memory. Although they contribute to acquisition and/or consolidation, cholinergic and dopaminergic signaling are generally not required for retrieval. Interestingly, while not required for retrieval, serotonergic and opioid signaling may actually constrain memory retrieval. Roles for histamine and non-opioid neuropeptides are currently unclear but possible. A critical effector of adrenergic signaling in retrieval is reduction of the slow afterhyperpolarization mediated by β1 receptors, cyclic AMP, protein kinase A, Epac, and possibly ERK. In contrast, stress and glucocorticoids impair retrieval by decreasing cyclic AMP, mediated in part by the activation of β2 -adrenergic receptors. Clinically, alterations in neuromodulatory signaling and in memory retrieval occur in Alzheimer's disease, Down syndrome, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder, and recent evidence has begun to link changes in neuromodulatory signaling with effects on memory retrieval.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Thomas
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Andero R. Nociceptin and the nociceptin receptor in learning and memory. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2015; 62:45-50. [PMID: 25724763 PMCID: PMC4458422 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
There are many processes in which the neuropeptide nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ or nociceptin) is involved in the brain. The role of nociceptin in learning and memory holds promise in modulating these processes in health and disease in the human brain. This review summarizes the body of research focused on N/OFQ and its specific receptor, the nociceptin receptor (NOP receptor), in learning and memory, and its potential mechanisms of action, in which acetylcholine, NMDA receptor, and noradrenaline may be critical. Finally, the association between NOP receptor and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a psychiatric disorder with altered fear learning, is examined as one of the potential outcomes resulting from pathological consequences of dysregulation of N/OFQ-NOP receptor in the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raül Andero
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Morange M. Genetic modification of the human germ line: The reasons why this project has no future. C R Biol 2015; 338:554-8. [PMID: 26231145 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Modification of the human germ line has remained a distant but valuable objective for most biologists since the emergence of genetics (and even before). To study the historical transformations of this project, I have selected three periods - the 1930s, at the pinnacle of eugenics, around 1974 when molecular biology triumphed, and today - and have adopted three criteria to estimate the feasibility of this project: the state of scientific knowledge, the existence of suitable tools, and societal demands. Although the long-awaited techniques to modify the germ line are now available, I will show that most of the expectations behind this project have disappeared, or are considered as being reachable by highly different strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michel Morange
- Centre Cavaillès, République des savoirs : Lettres, sciences, philosophie, USR 3608, École normale supérieure, 29, rue d'Ulm, 75230 Paris cedex 05, France.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hallberg M. Neuropeptides: metabolism to bioactive fragments and the pharmacology of their receptors. Med Res Rev 2015; 35:464-519. [PMID: 24894913 DOI: 10.1002/med.21323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
The proteolytic processing of neuropeptides has an important regulatory function and the peptide fragments resulting from the enzymatic degradation often exert essential physiological roles. The proteolytic processing generates, not only biologically inactive fragments, but also bioactive fragments that modulate or even counteract the response of their parent peptides. Frequently, these peptide fragments interact with receptors that are not recognized by the parent peptides. This review discusses tachykinins, opioid peptides, angiotensins, bradykinins, and neuropeptide Y that are present in the central nervous system and their processing to bioactive degradation products. These well-known neuropeptide systems have been selected since they provide illustrative examples that proteolytic degradation of parent peptides can lead to bioactive metabolites with different biological activities as compared to their parent peptides. For example, substance P, dynorphin A, angiotensin I and II, bradykinin, and neuropeptide Y are all degraded to bioactive fragments with pharmacological profiles that differ considerably from those of the parent peptides. The review discusses a selection of the large number of drug-like molecules that act as agonists or antagonists at receptors of neuropeptides. It focuses in particular on the efforts to identify selective drug-like agonists and antagonists mimicking the effects of the endogenous peptide fragments formed. As exemplified in this review, many common neuropeptides are degraded to a variety of smaller fragments but many of the fragments generated have not yet been examined in detail with regard to their potential biological activities. Since these bioactive fragments contain a small number of amino acid residues, they provide an ideal starting point for the development of drug-like substances with ability to mimic the effects of the degradation products. Thus, these substances could provide a rich source of new pharmaceuticals. However, as discussed herein relatively few examples have so far been disclosed of successful attempts to create bioavailable, drug-like agonists or antagonists, starting from the structure of endogenous peptide fragments and applying procedures relying on stepwise manipulations and simplifications of the peptide structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Hallberg
- Beijer Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Biological Research on Drug Dependence, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Fulford AJ. Endogenous nociceptin system involvement in stress responses and anxiety behavior. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2015; 97:267-93. [PMID: 25677776 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms underpinning stress-related behavior and dysfunctional events leading to the expression of neuropsychiatric disorders remain incompletely understood. Novel candidates involved in the neuromodulation of stress, mediated both peripherally and centrally, provide opportunities for improved understanding of the neurobiological basis of stress disorders and may represent targets for novel therapeutic development. This chapter provides an overview of the mechanisms by which the opioid-related peptide, nociceptin, regulates the neuroendocrine stress response and stress-related behavior. In our research, we have employed nociceptin receptor antagonists to investigate endogenous nociceptin function in tonic control over stress-induced activity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. Nociceptin demonstrates a wide range of functions, including modulation of psychological and inflammatory stress responses, modulation of neurotransmitter release, immune homeostasis, in addition to anxiety and cognitive behaviors. Greater appreciation of the complexity of limbic-hypothalamic neuronal networks, together with attention toward gender differences and the roles of steroid hormones, provides an opportunity for deeper understanding of the importance of the nociceptin system in the context of the neurobiology of stress and behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison Jane Fulford
- Centre for Comparative and Clinical Anatomy, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS2 8EJ, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
In the past decades, a large number of neuropeptides with unknown functions have been identified in the brain. Among the newly discovered peptides, nociceptin or orphanin-FQ (N/OFQ) peptide has attracted considerable attention because of its sequence homology with the opioid peptide family. N/OFQ and its cognate receptor (NOP receptor) are distributed widely in the mammalian central nervous system, though particularly intense expression is found in corticolimbic structures. Such distinctive pattern of expression suggests a key role of N/OFQ system in higher brain functions, such as cognition and emotion. In this chapter, we will outline the findings supporting the role played by N/OFQ and NOP receptors in learning and memory and discuss the underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
|
36
|
Inamine S, Nishimura H, Li J, Isozaki K, Matsushima A, Costa T, Shimohigashi Y. Tritium-labelled isovaleryl-RYYRIK-NH2 as potential antagonist probe for ORL1 nociceptin receptor. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:5902-9. [PMID: 25284251 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
IsoVa-RYYRIK-NH2 is a highly specific antagonist ligand of the opioid receptor-like 1 (ORL1) receptor, an endogenous ligand of which is 17-mer peptide nociceptin. ORL1 antagonists have potential for clinical use as analgesic and antineuropathic drugs, and thus information on the receptor-binding characteristics of antagonists is very important for rational drug design. In the present study, we prepared tritium-labelled isova-RYYRIK-NH2 from its precursor with the 3-methylcrotonyl (CH3)2CCHCO group by a catalytic reduction using tritium gas. The resulting [(3)H]isoVa-RYYRIK-NH2 was evaluated in a saturation binding assay using the COS-7 cell membrane preparations of transiently expressed ORL1. It exhibited more than 90% specific binding with a dissociation constant of 1.21±0.03nM. From the mutual heterologous binding assays using [(3)H]isoVa-RYYRIK-NH2 and [(3)H]nociceptin, isoVa-RYYRIK-NH2 and nociceptin were found to share the receptor-binding site, but each also had a separate specific binding site of its own. They differentiated the two different binding states or conformations of ORL1, which might represent the agonist-active and antagonist-inactive conformations of ORL1. [(3)H]isoVa-RYYRIK-NH2 is thus a key tracer to uncover the amino acid residues important for receptor inactivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Inamine
- Laboratory of Structure-Function Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty and Graduate School of Sciences, Risk Science Research Center, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Nishimura
- Laboratory of Structure-Function Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty and Graduate School of Sciences, Risk Science Research Center, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Jinglan Li
- Laboratory of Structure-Function Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty and Graduate School of Sciences, Risk Science Research Center, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Kaname Isozaki
- Laboratory of Structure-Function Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty and Graduate School of Sciences, Risk Science Research Center, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Ayami Matsushima
- Laboratory of Structure-Function Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty and Graduate School of Sciences, Risk Science Research Center, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Tommaso Costa
- Laboratorio di Farmacologia, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, Roma, Italy
| | - Yasuyuki Shimohigashi
- Laboratory of Structure-Function Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty and Graduate School of Sciences, Risk Science Research Center, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lee YS. Genes and signaling pathways involved in memory enhancement in mutant mice. Mol Brain 2014; 7:43. [PMID: 24894914 PMCID: PMC4050447 DOI: 10.1186/1756-6606-7-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutant mice have been used successfully as a tool for investigating the mechanisms of memory at multiple levels, from genes to behavior. In most cases, manipulating a gene expressed in the brain impairs cognitive functions such as memory and their underlying cellular mechanisms, including synaptic plasticity. However, a remarkable number of mutations have been shown to enhance memory in mice. Understanding how to improve a system provides valuable insights into how the system works under normal conditions, because this involves understanding what the crucial components are. Therefore, more can be learned about the basic mechanisms of memory by studying mutant mice with enhanced memory. This review will summarize the genes and signaling pathways that are altered in the mutants with enhanced memory, as well as their roles in synaptic plasticity. Finally, I will discuss how knowledge of memory-enhancing mechanisms could be used to develop treatments for cognitive disorders associated with impaired plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Seok Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Bourinet E, Altier C, Hildebrand ME, Trang T, Salter MW, Zamponi GW. Calcium-permeable ion channels in pain signaling. Physiol Rev 2014; 94:81-140. [PMID: 24382884 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00023.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection and processing of painful stimuli in afferent sensory neurons is critically dependent on a wide range of different types of voltage- and ligand-gated ion channels, including sodium, calcium, and TRP channels, to name a few. The functions of these channels include the detection of mechanical and chemical insults, the generation of action potentials and regulation of neuronal firing patterns, the initiation of neurotransmitter release at dorsal horn synapses, and the ensuing activation of spinal cord neurons that project to pain centers in the brain. Long-term changes in ion channel expression and function are thought to contribute to chronic pain states. Many of the channels involved in the afferent pain pathway are permeable to calcium ions, suggesting a role in cell signaling beyond the mere generation of electrical activity. In this article, we provide a broad overview of different calcium-permeable ion channels in the afferent pain pathway and their role in pain pathophysiology.
Collapse
|
39
|
Alder J, Kallman S, Palmieri A, Khadim F, Ayer JJ, Kumar S, Tsung K, Grinberg I, Thakker-Varia S. Neuropeptide orphanin FQ inhibits dendritic morphogenesis through activation of RhoA. Dev Neurobiol 2013; 73:769-84. [PMID: 23821558 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a facilitatory role in neuronal development and promotion of differentiation. Mechanisms that oppose BDNF's stimulatory effects create balance and regulate dendritic growth. However, these mechanisms have not been studied. We have focused our studies on the BDNF-induced neuropeptide OrphaninFQ/ Nociceptin (OFQ); while BDNF is known to enhance synaptic activity, OFQ has opposite effects on activity, learning, and memory. We have now examined whether OFQ provides a balance to the stimulatory effects of BDNF on neuronal differentiation in the hippocampus. Golgi staining in OFQ knockout (KO) mice revealed an increase in primary dendrite length as well as spine density, suggesting that endogenous OFQ inhibits dendritic morphology. We have also used cultured hippocampal neurons to demonstrate that exogenous OFQ has an inhibitory effect on dendritic growth and that the neuropeptide alters the response to BDNF when pre-administered. To determine if BDNF and OFQ act in a feedback loop, we inhibited the actions of the BDNF and OFQ receptors, TrkB and NOP using ANA-12 and NOP KO mice respectively but our data suggest that the two factors do not act in a negative feedback loop. We found that the inhibition of dendritic morphology induced by OFQ is via enhanced RhoA activity. Finally, we have evidence that RhoA activation is required for the inhibitory effects of OFQ on dendritic morphology. Our results reveal basic mechanisms by which neurons not only regulate the formation of proper dendritic growth during development but also control plasticity in the mature nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janet Alder
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ma Y, Wang S, Tian Y, Chen L, Li G, Mao J. Disruption of persistent nociceptive behavior in rats with learning impairment. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74533. [PMID: 24040273 PMCID: PMC3770575 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the subjective nature of pain experience with cognitive and affective dimensions, preclinical pain research has largely focused on its sensory dimension. Here, we examined the relationship between learning/memory and nociceptive behavior in rats with combined learning impairment and persistent nociception. Learning impairment was induced by bilateral hippocampal injection of a mixed Aβ solution, whereas persistent nociception produced in these rats by complete Freund's adjuvant-induced ankle inflammation. Those rats with learning impairment showed a diminished development of thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia and a shorter time course of nociceptive behavior without alteration of their baseline nociceptive threshold. In rats with pre-established hyperalgesia and allodynia due to ankle inflammation, bilateral intra-hippocampal injection of cycloheximide (a protein synthesis inhibitor) promoted the earlier recovery of nociceptive behavior. Moreover, expression of Aβ, NR1 subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, and protein kinase Cγ was upregulated, whereas the choline acetyl transferase expression was downregulated, in the hippocampus, thalamus, amygdala, and/or spinal cord of rats with combined learning impairment and persistent nociception. The data indicate that learning impairment could disrupt the response to a state of persistent nociception, suggesting an important role for cognitive maladaptation in the mechanisms of chronic pain. These results also suggest that a preclinical model of combined learning impairment and persistent nociception may be useful to explore the brain mechanisms underlying the transition from acute to chronic pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Ma
- MGH Center for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuxing Wang
- MGH Center for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yinghong Tian
- MGH Center for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lucy Chen
- MGH Center for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Guoying Li
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianren Mao
- MGH Center for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Beck B, Pourié G. Ghrelin, neuropeptide Y, and other feeding-regulatory peptides active in the hippocampus: role in learning and memory. Nutr Rev 2013; 71:541-61. [PMID: 23865799 DOI: 10.1111/nure.12045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus is a brain region of primary importance for neurogenesis, which occurs during early developmental states as well as during adulthood. Increases in neuronal proliferation and in neuronal death with age have been associated with drastic changes in memory and learning. Numerous neurotransmitters are involved in these processes, and some neuropeptides that mediate neurogenesis also modulate feeding behavior. Concomitantly, feeding peptides, which act primarily in the hypothalamus, are also present in the hippocampus. This review aims to ascertain the role of several important feeding peptides in cognitive functions, either through their local synthesis in the hippocampus or through their actions via specific receptors in the hippocampus. A link between neurogenesis and the orexigenic or anorexigenic properties of feeding peptides is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Beck
- INSERM U954, Nutrition, Génétique et Expositions aux Risques Environnementaux, Faculté de Médecine, Vandœuvre, France.
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Marquez P, Hamid A, Lutfy K. The role of NOP receptors in psychomotor stimulation and locomotor sensitization induced by cocaine and amphetamine in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 707:41-5. [PMID: 23524092 PMCID: PMC3652801 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that orphanin FQ (also known as nociceptin; OFQ/N) attenuates the motor stimulatory effect of cocaine and blocks locomotor sensitization induced by cocaine. Furthermore, we have shown that cocaine treatment altered the level of endogenous OFQ/N, raising the possibility that endogenous OFQ/N and its receptor (NOP) may be crucial in these actions of cocaine. Accordingly, in the present study, we sought to determine the role of NOP receptors in psychomotor stimulation and locomotor sensitization induced by cocaine or amphetamine. Mice lacking the NOP receptor and their wild-type littermates were habituated to motor activity chambers for 1h, injected with cocaine (0, 15 or 30 mg/kg) or amphetamine (0, 1 or 3mg/kg), and motor activity was recorded for 1h. For sensitization induced by these drugs, mice were treated with saline or the highest dose of each drug once daily for three consecutive days and tested on day 8. On this day, mice were habituated to the chambers for 1h, then received a challenge dose of cocaine (15 mg/kg) or amphetamine (1mg/kg), and motor activity was recorded for 1h. Cocaine and amphetamine each induced hyperlocomotion but the extent of this response was not different between NOP receptor null mice and their controls. Sensitization developed to the motor stimulatory action of each drug, but the magnitude of cocaine-induced sensitization was only higher in null mice compared to their controls. Together, the present results suggest that the endogenous OFQ/N/NOP receptor system may modulate the development of cocaine-induced locomotor sensitization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Marquez
- Dept. of Pharm. Sci., Coll of Pharmacy, Western Univ. of Health Sci., Pomona, CA 91766
- Dept. of Endocrinology/Medicine, Charles Drew University, Los Angeles, CA 90059
| | - Abdul Hamid
- Dept. of Endocrinology/Medicine, Charles Drew University, Los Angeles, CA 90059
| | - Kabirullah Lutfy
- Dept. of Pharm. Sci., Coll of Pharmacy, Western Univ. of Health Sci., Pomona, CA 91766
- Dept. of Endocrinology/Medicine, Charles Drew University, Los Angeles, CA 90059
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Calo’ G, Guerrini R. Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Biological Actions of Peptide Ligands Selective for the Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ Receptor. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2013-1131.ch015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Girolamo Calo’
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara and National Institute of Neuroscience, Italy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and LTTA (Laboratorio per le Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate), University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Remo Guerrini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara and National Institute of Neuroscience, Italy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and LTTA (Laboratorio per le Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate), University of Ferrara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Bowers ME, Choi DC, Ressler KJ. Neuropeptide regulation of fear and anxiety: Implications of cholecystokinin, endogenous opioids, and neuropeptide Y. Physiol Behav 2012; 107:699-710. [PMID: 22429904 PMCID: PMC3532931 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2012] [Revised: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The neural circuitry of fear likely underlies anxiety and fear-related disorders such as specific and social phobia, panic disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder. The primary pharmacological treatments currently utilized for these disorders include benzodiazepines, which act on the GABAergic receptor system, and antidepressants, which modulate the monamine systems. However, recent work on the regulation of fear neural circuitry suggests that specific neuropeptide modulation of this system is of critical importance. Recent reviews have examined the roles of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis neuropeptides as well as the roles of neurotrophic factors in regulating fear. The present review, instead, will focus on three neuropeptide systems which have received less attention in recent years but which are clearly involved in regulating fear and its extinction. The endogenous opioid system, particularly activating the μ opioid receptors, has been demonstrated to regulate fear expression and extinction, possibly through functioning as an error signal within the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray to mark unreinforced conditioned stimuli. The cholecystokinin (CCK) system initially led to much excitement through its potential role in panic disorder. More recent work in the CCK neuropeptide pathway suggests that it may act in concordance with the endogenous cannabinoid system in the modulation of fear inhibition and extinction. Finally, older as well as very recent data suggests that neuropeptide Y (NPY) may play a very interesting role in counteracting stress effects, enhancing extinction, and enhancing resilience in fear and stress preclinical models. Future work in understanding the mechanisms of neuropeptide functioning, particularly within well-known behavioral circuits, are likely to provide fascinating new clues into the understanding of fear behavior as well as suggesting novel therapeutics for treating disorders of anxiety and fear dysregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mallory E Bowers
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Reiss D, Prinssen EP, Wichmann J, Kieffer BL, Ouagazzal AM. The nociceptin orphanin FQ peptide receptor agonist, Ro64-6198, impairs recognition memory formation through interaction with glutamatergic but not cholinergic receptor antagonists. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2012; 98:254-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
46
|
Goeldner C, Spooren W, Wichmann J, Prinssen EP. Further characterization of the prototypical nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide receptor agonist Ro 64-6198 in rodent models of conflict anxiety and despair. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2012; 222:203-14. [PMID: 22249359 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-012-2636-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Ro 64-6198, the prototypical non-peptide nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide (NOP) receptor agonist, has potent anxiolytic-like effects in several preclinical models and species. However the effects of Ro 64-6198 on distinctive anxiety-provoking conditions related to unconditioned conflict behavior as well as its role in despair-like behavior remain to be addressed. OBJECTIVE Here we examined the effects of Ro 64-6198 on unconditioned conflict anxiety using stimuli with different salience and on regulation of autonomic reactivity and compared these to the effects of benzodiazepine receptor agonists. We also addressed the potential effects of Ro 64-6198 on despair-like behavior. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ro 64-6198 (0.1 to 10 mg/kg i.p.) and either diazepam or chlordiazepoxide were tested in the Vogel conflict punished drinking test (VCT) in Sprague Dawley rats, in the social approach-avoidance (SAA) test in Lewis rats, in the novelty-induced hypophagia (NIH) in C57BL/6J mice, and in stress-induced hyperthermia in NMRI mice, as well as in the forced swim test (FST) in Sprague Dawley rats and the tail suspension test (TST) in C57BL/6J mice. RESULTS Ro 64-6198 (0.3 to 3 mg/kg) dose-dependently produced anxiolytic-like effects in the VCT, SAA, NIH, and SIH, similar to benzodiazepine receptor agonists. Ro 64-6198 did not alter immobility time in the FST and TST. CONCLUSIONS Ro 64-6198 produced marked anxiolytic-like effects in response to a variety of mild to strong anxiogenic stimuli, whereas it did not facilitate depression-related behaviors. This data extend previous literature suggesting that NOP receptors are a viable target for the treatment of anxiety disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celia Goeldner
- CNS Research, CNS Discovery, pRED, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Johnstone D, Graham RM, Trinder D, Delima RD, Riveros C, Olynyk JK, Scott RJ, Moscato P, Milward EA. Brain transcriptome perturbations in the Hfe(-/-) mouse model of genetic iron loading. Brain Res 2012; 1448:144-52. [PMID: 22370144 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Revised: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Severe disruption of brain iron homeostasis can cause fatal neurodegenerative disease, however debate surrounds the neurologic effects of milder, more common iron loading disorders such as hereditary hemochromatosis, which is usually caused by loss-of-function polymorphisms in the HFE gene. There is evidence from both human and animal studies that HFE gene variants may affect brain function and modify risks of brain disease. To investigate how disruption of HFE influences brain transcript levels, we used microarray and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to assess the brain transcriptome in Hfe(-/-) mice relative to wildtype AKR controls (age 10 weeks, n≥4/group). The Hfe(-/-) mouse brain showed numerous significant changes in transcript levels (p<0.05) although few of these related to proteins directly involved in iron homeostasis. There were robust changes of at least 2-fold in levels of transcripts for prominent genes relating to transcriptional regulation (FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene Fos, early growth response genes), neurotransmission (glutamate NMDA receptor Grin1, GABA receptor Gabbr1) and synaptic plasticity and memory (calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIα Camk2a). As previously reported for dietary iron-supplemented mice, there were altered levels of transcripts for genes linked to neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, a disease characterized by excessive lipofuscin deposition. Labile iron is known to enhance lipofuscin generation which may accelerate brain aging. The findings provide evidence that iron loading disorders can considerably perturb levels of transcripts for genes essential for normal brain function and may help explain some of the neurologic signs and symptoms reported in hemochromatosis patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Johnstone
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ces A, Reiss D, Walter O, Wichmann J, Prinssen EP, Kieffer BL, Ouagazzal AM. Activation of nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide receptors disrupts visual but not auditory sensorimotor gating in BALB/cByJ mice: comparison to dopamine receptor agonists. Neuropsychopharmacology 2012; 37:378-89. [PMID: 21881568 PMCID: PMC3242299 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2011.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) peptide and its receptor (NOP receptor) have been implicated in a host of brain functions and diseases, but the contribution of this neuropeptide system to behavioral processes of relevance to psychosis has not been investigated. We examined the effect of the NOP receptor antagonists, Compound 24 and J-113397, and the synthetic agonist, Ro64-6198, on time function (2-2000 ms prepulse-pulse intervals) of acoustic (80 dB/10 ms prepulse) and visual (1000 Lux/20 ms prepulse) prepulse inhibition of startle reflex (PPI), a preattentive sensory filtering mechanism that is central to perceptual and mental integration. The effects of the dopamine D1-like receptor agonist, SKF-81297, the D2-like receptor agonist, quinelorane, and the mixed D1/D2 agonist, apomorphine, were studied for comparison. When acoustic stimulus was used as prepulse, BALB/cByJ mice displayed a monotonic time function of PPI, and consistent with previous studies, apomorphine and SKF-81279 induced PPI impairment, whereas quinelorane had no effect. None of the NOP receptor ligands was effective on acoustic PPI. When flash light was used as prepulse, BALB/cByJ mice displayed a bell-shaped time function of PPI and all dopamine agonists were active. Ro64-6198 was also effective in reducing visual PPI. NOP receptor antagonists showed no activity but blocked disruptive effect of Ro64-6198. Finally, coadministration of the typical antipsychotic, haloperidol, attenuated PPI impairment induced by Ro64-6198, revealing involvement of a dopaminergic component. These findings show that pharmacological stimulation of NOP or dopamine D2-like receptors is more potent in disrupting visual than acoustic PPI in mice, whereas D1-like receptor activation disrupts both. They further suggest that dysfunction of N/OFQ transmission may be implicated in the pathogenesis of psychotic manifestations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - David Reiss
- IGBMC (Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire), Département de Neurobiologie et Génétique, Illkirch, France
| | - Ondine Walter
- IGBMC (Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire), Département de Neurobiologie et Génétique, Illkirch, France
- Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | - Brigitte L Kieffer
- IGBMC (Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire), Département de Neurobiologie et Génétique, Illkirch, France
- Inserm, U596, Illkirch, France
| | - Abdel-Mouttalib Ouagazzal
- IGBMC (Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire), Département de Neurobiologie et Génétique, Illkirch, France
- CNRS, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Structural requirements of N-substituted spiropiperidine analogues as agonists of nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:8961-81. [PMID: 22272114 PMCID: PMC3257111 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12128961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Revised: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The nociceptin/orphanin FQ (NOP) receptor is involved in a wide range of biological functions, including pain, anxiety, depression and drug abuse. Especially, its agonists have great potential to be developed into anxiolytics. In this work, both the ligand- and receptor-based three-dimensional quantitative structure–activity relationship (3D-QSAR) studies were carried out using comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) techniques on 103 N-substituted spiropiperidine analogues as NOP agonists. The resultant optimal ligand-based CoMSIA model exhibited Q2 of 0.501, R2ncv of 0.912 and its predictive ability was validated by using an independent test set of 26 compounds which gave R2pred value of 0.818. In addition, docking analysis and molecular dynamics simulation (MD) were also applied to elucidate the probable binding modes of these agonists. Interpretation of the 3D contour maps, in the context of the topology of the active site of NOP, provided insight into the NOP-agonist interactions. The information obtained from this work can be used to accurately predict the binding affinity of related agonists and also facilitate the future rational design of novel agonists with improved activity.
Collapse
|
50
|
Matsushima A, Nishimura H, Inamine S, Uemura S, Shimohigashi Y. Capturing of the free cysteine residue in the ligand-binding site by affinity labeling of the ORL1 nociceptin receptor. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:7597-602. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|