1
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Guo X, Luo Z, Qi Y, Hei X, Zhang X, Cao X, Qian M, Zhao S, Hou Y, Chen X. Structure optimization of Cmpd-15 as negative allosteric modulators for the β 2-adrenergic receptor. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 108:117787. [PMID: 38838580 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
19 derivatives of 1-benzyl-3-arylpyrazole-5-carboxamides (H1-H19) and 5 derivatives of 1-benzyl-5-arylpyrazole-3-carboxamides (J1-J5) have been designed and synthesized as potential negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) for the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR). The new pyrazole derivatives were screened on the classic G-protein dependent signaling pathway at β2AR. The majority of 1-benzyl-3-aryl-pyrazole-5-carboxamide derivatives show more potent allosteric antagonistic activity against β2AR than Cmpd-15, the first reported β2AR NAM. However, the 1-benzyl-5-arylpyrazole-3-carboxamide derivatives exhibit very poor or even no allosteric antagonistic activity for β2AR. Furthermore, the active pyrazole derivatives have relative better drug-like profiles than Cmpd-15. Taken together, we discovered a series of derivatives of 1-benzyl-3-arylpyrazole-5-carboxamides as a novel scaffold of β2AR NAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Zhijie Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Ying Qi
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Hei
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Xuli Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Mingcheng Qian
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Yanan Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Jiangsu 213164, China.
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2
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Flores-Espinoza E, Thomsen ARB. Beneath the surface: endosomal GPCR signaling. Trends Biochem Sci 2024; 49:520-531. [PMID: 38643023 PMCID: PMC11162320 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) located at the cell surface bind extracellular ligands and convey intracellular signals via activation of heterotrimeric G proteins. Traditionally, G protein signaling was viewed to occur exclusively at this subcellular region followed by rapid desensitization facilitated by β-arrestin (βarr)-mediated G protein uncoupling and receptor internalization. However, emerging evidence over the past 15 years suggests that these βarr-mediated events do not necessarily terminate receptor signaling and that some GPCRs continue to activate G proteins after having been internalized into endosomes. Here, we review the recently elucidated mechanistic basis underlying endosomal GPCR signaling and discuss physiological implications and pharmacological targeting of this newly appreciated signaling mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Flores-Espinoza
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA; NYU Pain Research Center, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Alex R B Thomsen
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA; NYU Pain Research Center, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA.
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3
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Walker V. The Intricacies of Renal Phosphate Reabsorption-An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4684. [PMID: 38731904 PMCID: PMC11083860 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
To maintain an optimal body content of phosphorus throughout postnatal life, variable phosphate absorption from food must be finely matched with urinary excretion. This amazing feat is accomplished through synchronised phosphate transport by myriads of ciliated cells lining the renal proximal tubules. These respond in real time to changes in phosphate and composition of the renal filtrate and to hormonal instructions. How they do this has stimulated decades of research. New analytical techniques, coupled with incredible advances in computer technology, have opened new avenues for investigation at a sub-cellular level. There has been a surge of research into different aspects of the process. These have verified long-held beliefs and are also dramatically extending our vision of the intense, integrated, intracellular activity which mediates phosphate absorption. Already, some have indicated new approaches for pharmacological intervention to regulate phosphate in common conditions, including chronic renal failure and osteoporosis, as well as rare inherited biochemical disorders. It is a rapidly evolving field. The aim here is to provide an overview of our current knowledge, to show where it is leading, and where there are uncertainties. Hopefully, this will raise questions and stimulate new ideas for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Walker
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton S016 6YD, UK
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4
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Heng J, Hu Y, Pérez-Hernández G, Inoue A, Zhao J, Ma X, Sun X, Kawakami K, Ikuta T, Ding J, Yang Y, Zhang L, Peng S, Niu X, Li H, Guixà-González R, Jin C, Hildebrand PW, Chen C, Kobilka BK. Function and dynamics of the intrinsically disordered carboxyl terminus of β2 adrenergic receptor. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2005. [PMID: 37037825 PMCID: PMC10085991 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37233-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in structural biology have provided important mechanistic insights into signaling by the transmembrane core of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs); however, much less is known about intrinsically disordered regions such as the carboxyl terminus (CT), which is highly flexible and not visible in GPCR structures. The β2 adrenergic receptor's (β2AR) 71 amino acid CT is a substrate for GPCR kinases and binds β-arrestins to regulate signaling. Here we show that the β2AR CT directly inhibits basal and agonist-stimulated signaling in cell lines lacking β-arrestins. Combining single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), NMR spectroscopy, and molecular dynamics simulations, we reveal that the negatively charged β2AR-CT serves as an autoinhibitory factor via interacting with the positively charged cytoplasmic surface of the receptor to limit access to G-proteins. The stability of this interaction is influenced by agonists and allosteric modulators, emphasizing that the CT plays important role in allosterically regulating GPCR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Heng
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yunfei Hu
- Beijing Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Guillermo Pérez-Hernández
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Jiawei Zhao
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiuyan Ma
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaoou Sun
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Kouki Kawakami
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ikuta
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Jienv Ding
- Beijing Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yujie Yang
- Beijing Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lujia Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Sijia Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaogang Niu
- Beijing Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- Beijing Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ramon Guixà-González
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232, Villigen, PSI, Switzerland
| | - Changwen Jin
- Beijing Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Peter W Hildebrand
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University Leipzig, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, 10178, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chunlai Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Brian K Kobilka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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5
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Raynaud P, Gauthier C, Jugnarain V, Jean-Alphonse F, Reiter E, Bruneau G, Crépieux P. Intracellular VHHs to monitor and modulate GPCR signaling. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1048601. [PMID: 36465650 PMCID: PMC9708903 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1048601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-domain antibody fragments, also known as VHHs or nanobodies, have opened promising avenues in therapeutics and in exploration of intracellular processes. Because of their unique structural properties, they can reach cryptic regions in their cognate antigen. Intracellular VHHs/antibodies primarily directed against cytosolic proteins or transcription factors have been described. In contrast, few of them target membrane proteins and even less recognize G protein-coupled receptors. These receptors are major therapeutic targets, which reflects their involvement in a plethora of physiological responses. Hence, they elicit a tremendous interest in the scientific community and in the industry. Comprehension of their pharmacology has been obscured by their conformational complexity, that has precluded deciphering their structural properties until the early 2010's. To that respect, intracellular VHHs have been instrumental in stabilizing G protein-coupled receptors in active conformations in order to solve their structure, possibly bound to their primary transducers, G proteins or β-arrestins. In contrast, the modulatory properties of VHHs recognizing the intracellular regions of G protein-coupled receptors on the induced signaling network have been poorly studied. In this review, we will present the advances that the intracellular VHHs have permitted in the field of GPCR signaling and trafficking. We will also discuss the methodological hurdles that linger the discovery of modulatory intracellular VHHs directed against GPCRs, as well as the opportunities they open in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Raynaud
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français du Cheval et de l’Equitation (IFCE), Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Camille Gauthier
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français du Cheval et de l’Equitation (IFCE), Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Vinesh Jugnarain
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français du Cheval et de l’Equitation (IFCE), Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Frédéric Jean-Alphonse
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français du Cheval et de l’Equitation (IFCE), Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
- Inria, Inria Saclay-Ile-de-France, Palaiseau, France
| | - Eric Reiter
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français du Cheval et de l’Equitation (IFCE), Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
- Inria, Inria Saclay-Ile-de-France, Palaiseau, France
| | - Gilles Bruneau
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français du Cheval et de l’Equitation (IFCE), Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Pascale Crépieux
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français du Cheval et de l’Equitation (IFCE), Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
- Inria, Inria Saclay-Ile-de-France, Palaiseau, France
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6
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Sonnessa M, Sergio S, Saponaro C, Maffia M, Vergara D, Zito FA, Tinelli A. The Biological Relevance of NHERF1 Protein in Gynecological Tumors. Front Oncol 2022; 12:836630. [PMID: 35223518 PMCID: PMC8878902 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.836630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gynecological cancer management remains challenging and a better understanding of molecular mechanisms that lead to carcinogenesis and development of these diseases is needed to improve the therapeutic approaches. The Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor 1 (NHERF1) is a scaffold protein that contains modular protein-interaction domains able to interact with molecules with an impact on carcinogenesis and cancer progression. During recent years, its involvement in gynecological cancers has been explored, suggesting that NHERF1 could be a potential biomarker for the development of new targeted therapies suitable to the management of these tumors. This comprehensive review provides an update on the recent study on NHERF1 activity and its pathological role in cervical and ovarian cancer, as well as on its probable involvement in the therapeutic landscape of these cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Sonnessa
- Functional Biomorphology Laboratory, Pathology Department, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, Bari, Italy
| | - Sara Sergio
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Concetta Saponaro
- Functional Biomorphology Laboratory, Pathology Department, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, Bari, Italy
- *Correspondence: Concetta Saponaro,
| | - Michele Maffia
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Daniele Vergara
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Francesco Alfredo Zito
- Functional Biomorphology Laboratory, Pathology Department, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Tinelli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Veris delli Ponti” Hospital, Lecce, Italy
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7
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Degrandmaison J, Grisé O, Parent JL, Gendron L. Differential barcoding of opioid receptors trafficking. J Neurosci Res 2021; 100:99-128. [PMID: 34559903 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Over the past several years, studies have highlighted the δ-opioid receptor (DOPr) as a promising therapeutic target for chronic pain management. While exhibiting milder undesired effects than most currently prescribed opioids, its specific agonists elicit effective analgesic responses in numerous animal models of chronic pain, including inflammatory, neuropathic, diabetic, and cancer-related pain. However, as compared with the extensively studied μ-opioid receptor, the molecular mechanisms governing its trafficking remain elusive. Recent advances have denoted several significant particularities in the regulation of DOPr intracellular routing, setting it apart from the other members of the opioid receptor family. Although they share high homology, each opioid receptor subtype displays specific amino acid patterns potentially involved in the regulation of its trafficking. These precise motifs or "barcodes" are selectively recognized by regulatory proteins and therefore dictate several aspects of the itinerary of a receptor, including its anterograde transport, internalization, recycling, and degradation. With a specific focus on the regulation of DOPr trafficking, this review will discuss previously reported, as well as potential novel trafficking barcodes within the opioid and nociceptin/orphanin FQ opioid peptide receptors, and their impact in determining distinct interactomes and physiological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Degrandmaison
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Quebec Network of Junior Pain Investigators, QC, Canada
| | - Olivier Grisé
- Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Luc Parent
- Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Louis Gendron
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Quebec Pain Research Network, QC, Canada
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8
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Andersson L, Cinato M, Mardani I, Miljanovic A, Arif M, Koh A, Lindbom M, Laudette M, Bollano E, Omerovic E, Klevstig M, Henricsson M, Fogelstrand P, Swärd K, Ekstrand M, Levin M, Wikström J, Doran S, Hyötyläinen T, Sinisalu L, Orešič M, Tivesten Å, Adiels M, Bergo MO, Proia R, Mardinoglu A, Jeppsson A, Borén J, Levin MC. Glucosylceramide synthase deficiency in the heart compromises β1-adrenergic receptor trafficking. Eur Heart J 2021; 42:4481-4492. [PMID: 34297830 PMCID: PMC8599074 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Cardiac injury and remodelling are associated with the rearrangement of cardiac lipids. Glycosphingolipids are membrane lipids that are important for cellular structure and function, and cardiac dysfunction is a characteristic of rare monogenic diseases with defects in glycosphingolipid synthesis and turnover. However, it is not known how cardiac glycosphingolipids regulate cellular processes in the heart. The aim of this study is to determine the role of cardiac glycosphingolipids in heart function. Methods and results Using human myocardial biopsies, we showed that the glycosphingolipids glucosylceramide and lactosylceramide are present at very low levels in non-ischaemic human heart with normal function and are elevated during remodelling. Similar results were observed in mouse models of cardiac remodelling. We also generated mice with cardiomyocyte-specific deficiency in Ugcg, the gene encoding glucosylceramide synthase (hUgcg
–/– mice). In 9- to 10-week-old hUgcg
–/– mice, contractile capacity in response to dobutamine stress was reduced. Older hUgcg
–/– mice developed severe heart failure and left ventricular dilatation even under baseline conditions and died prematurely. Using RNA-seq and cell culture models, we showed defective endolysosomal retrograde trafficking and autophagy in Ugcg-deficient cardiomyocytes. We also showed that responsiveness to β-adrenergic stimulation was reduced in cardiomyocytes from hUgcg
–/– mice and that Ugcg knockdown suppressed the internalization and trafficking of β1-adrenergic receptors. Conclusions Our findings suggest that cardiac glycosphingolipids are required to maintain β-adrenergic signalling and contractile capacity in cardiomyocytes and to preserve normal heart function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Andersson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Bruna Stråket 16, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mathieu Cinato
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Bruna Stråket 16, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ismena Mardani
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Bruna Stråket 16, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Azra Miljanovic
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Bruna Stråket 16, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ara Koh
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Bruna Stråket 16, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Malin Lindbom
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Bruna Stråket 16, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marion Laudette
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Bruna Stråket 16, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Entela Bollano
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Bruna Stråket 16, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elmir Omerovic
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Bruna Stråket 16, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martina Klevstig
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Bruna Stråket 16, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marcus Henricsson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Bruna Stråket 16, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Fogelstrand
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Bruna Stråket 16, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karl Swärd
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Matias Ekstrand
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Bruna Stråket 16, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Max Levin
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Bruna Stråket 16, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johannes Wikström
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden 1, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Stephen Doran
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Tuulia Hyötyläinen
- School of Natural Sciences and Technology, Örebro University, Fakultetsgatan 1, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Lisanna Sinisalu
- School of Natural Sciences and Technology, Örebro University, Fakultetsgatan 1, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Matej Orešič
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden.,Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku, FIN-20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Åsa Tivesten
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Bruna Stråket 16, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin Adiels
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Bruna Stråket 16, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin O Bergo
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, SE-141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Richard Proia
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Anders Jeppsson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Bruna Stråket 16, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Borén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Bruna Stråket 16, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin C Levin
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Bruna Stråket 16, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
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9
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Kim H, Lee HN, Choi J, Seong J. Spatiotemporal Characterization of GPCR Activity and Function during Endosomal Trafficking Pathway. Anal Chem 2021; 93:2010-2017. [PMID: 33400862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) is activated by extracellular signals. After their function at plasma membrane, GPCRs are internalized to be desensitized, while emerging evidence suggests that some GPCRs maintain their activity even after internalization. The endosomal trafficking pathway of a prototypic GPCR, β adrenergic receptor 2 (B2AR), is in the range of several hours, however, spatiotemporal B2AR activity during this long-term endosomal trafficking pathway has not been characterized yet. Here, we analyze an agonist-induced real-time B2AR activity and its downstream function at the level of individual vesicles, utilizing a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based B2AR biosensor and cAMP reporters tethered at different trafficking stages of endosomes. Our results report that the internalized B2ARs sustain the activity and maintain the production of cAMP for several hours during the endosomal trafficking pathway. Temporal kinetics of B2AR activity is mathematically well explained by our active-vesicle population model modified from the Ricker model. Therefore, our GPCR monitoring system and a new kinetics model can be applied to understand the spatiotemporal GPCR activity and its downstream function during the endosomal trafficking pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunbin Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.,Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Nim Lee
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.,Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesik Choi
- Graduate School of Artificial Intelligence, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Seong
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.,Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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10
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van Gastel J, Leysen H, Boddaert J, Vangenechten L, Luttrell LM, Martin B, Maudsley S. Aging-related modifications to G protein-coupled receptor signaling diversity. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 223:107793. [PMID: 33316288 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a highly complex molecular process, affecting nearly all tissue systems in humans and is the highest risk factor in developing neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, cardiovascular disease and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. The intense complexity of the aging process creates an incentive to develop more specific drugs that attenuate or even reverse some of the features of premature aging. As our current pharmacopeia is dominated by therapeutics that target members of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily it may be prudent to search for effective anti-aging therapeutics in this fertile domain. Since the first demonstration of GPCR-based β-arrestin signaling, it has become clear that an enhanced appreciation of GPCR signaling diversity may facilitate the creation of therapeutics with selective signaling activities. Such 'biased' ligand signaling profiles can be effectively investigated using both standard molecular biological techniques as well as high-dimensionality data analyses. Through a more nuanced appreciation of the quantitative nature across the multiple dimensions of signaling bias that drugs possess, researchers may be able to further refine the efficacy of GPCR modulators to impact the complex aberrations that constitute the aging process. Identifying novel effector profiles could expand the effective pharmacopeia and assist in the design of precision medicines. This review discusses potential non-G protein effectors, and specifically their potential therapeutic suitability in aging and age-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaana van Gastel
- Receptor Biology Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Faculty of Pharmacy, Biomedical and Veterinary Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hanne Leysen
- Receptor Biology Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Faculty of Pharmacy, Biomedical and Veterinary Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jan Boddaert
- Molecular Pathology Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Laura Vangenechten
- Receptor Biology Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Louis M Luttrell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Medical Genetics, Medical University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Bronwen Martin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Biomedical and Veterinary Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stuart Maudsley
- Receptor Biology Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Faculty of Pharmacy, Biomedical and Veterinary Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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11
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Fischer JP, Els-Heindl S, Beck-Sickinger AG. Adrenomedullin - Current perspective on a peptide hormone with significant therapeutic potential. Peptides 2020; 131:170347. [PMID: 32569606 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The peptide hormone adrenomedullin (ADM) consists of 52 amino acids and plays a pivotal role in the regulation of many physiological processes, particularly those of the cardiovascular and lymphatic system. Like calcitonin (CT), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), intermedin (IMD) and amylin (AMY), it belongs to the CT/CGRP family of peptide hormones, which despite their low little sequence identity share certain characteristic structural features as well as a complex multicomponent receptor system. ADM, IMD and CGRP exert their biological effects by activation of the calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR) as a complex with one of three receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMP), which alter the ligand affinity. Selectivity within the receptor system is largely mediated by the amidated C-terminus of the peptide hormones, which bind to the extracellular domains of the receptors. This enables their N-terminus consisting of a disulfide-bonded ring structure and a helical segment to bind within the transmembrane region and to induce an active receptor confirmation. ADM is expressed in a variety of tissues in the human body and is fundamentally involved in multitude biological processes. Thus, it is of interest as a diagnostic marker and a promising candidate for therapeutic interventions. In order to fully exploit the potential of ADM, it is necessary to improve its pharmacological profile by increasing the metabolic stability and, ideally, creating receptor subtype-selective analogs. While several successful attempts to prolong the half-life of ADM were recently reported, improving or even retaining receptor selectivity remains challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Patrick Fischer
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Leipzig, Brüderstraße 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sylvia Els-Heindl
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Leipzig, Brüderstraße 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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12
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Fonin AV, Darling AL, Kuznetsova IM, Turoverov KK, Uversky VN. Multi-functionality of proteins involved in GPCR and G protein signaling: making sense of structure-function continuum with intrinsic disorder-based proteoforms. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:4461-4492. [PMID: 31428838 PMCID: PMC11105632 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03276-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
GPCR-G protein signaling system recognizes a multitude of extracellular ligands and triggers a variety of intracellular signaling cascades in response. In humans, this system includes more than 800 various GPCRs and a large set of heterotrimeric G proteins. Complexity of this system goes far beyond a multitude of pair-wise ligand-GPCR and GPCR-G protein interactions. In fact, one GPCR can recognize more than one extracellular signal and interact with more than one G protein. Furthermore, one ligand can activate more than one GPCR, and multiple GPCRs can couple to the same G protein. This defines an intricate multifunctionality of this important signaling system. Here, we show that the multifunctionality of GPCR-G protein system represents an illustrative example of the protein structure-function continuum, where structures of the involved proteins represent a complex mosaic of differently folded regions (foldons, non-foldons, unfoldons, semi-foldons, and inducible foldons). The functionality of resulting highly dynamic conformational ensembles is fine-tuned by various post-translational modifications and alternative splicing, and such ensembles can undergo dramatic changes at interaction with their specific partners. In other words, GPCRs and G proteins exist as sets of conformational/basic, inducible/modified, and functioning proteoforms characterized by a broad spectrum of structural features and possessing various functional potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Fonin
- Laboratory of structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russian Federation
| | - April L Darling
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Irina M Kuznetsova
- Laboratory of structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin K Turoverov
- Laboratory of structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russian Federation
- Department of Biophysics, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya av. 29, St. Petersburg, 195251, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow, Russian Federation.
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13
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Pedersen SF, Counillon L. The SLC9A-C Mammalian Na +/H + Exchanger Family: Molecules, Mechanisms, and Physiology. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:2015-2113. [PMID: 31507243 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00028.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Na+/H+ exchangers play pivotal roles in the control of cell and tissue pH by mediating the electroneutral exchange of Na+ and H+ across cellular membranes. They belong to an ancient family of highly evolutionarily conserved proteins, and they play essential physiological roles in all phyla. In this review, we focus on the mammalian Na+/H+ exchangers (NHEs), the solute carrier (SLC) 9 family. This family of electroneutral transporters constitutes three branches: SLC9A, -B, and -C. Within these, each isoform exhibits distinct tissue expression profiles, regulation, and physiological roles. Some of these transporters are highly studied, with hundreds of original articles, and some are still only rudimentarily understood. In this review, we present and discuss the pioneering original work as well as the current state-of-the-art research on mammalian NHEs. We aim to provide the reader with a comprehensive view of core knowledge and recent insights into each family member, from gene organization over protein structure and regulation to physiological and pathophysiological roles. Particular attention is given to the integrated physiology of NHEs in the main organ systems. We provide several novel analyses and useful overviews, and we pinpoint main remaining enigmas, which we hope will inspire novel research on these highly versatile proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Pedersen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physiomédecine Moléculaire, LP2M, France, and Laboratories of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Nice, France
| | - L Counillon
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physiomédecine Moléculaire, LP2M, France, and Laboratories of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Nice, France
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14
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Janezic EM, Harris DA, Dinh D, Lee KS, Stewart A, Hinds TR, Hsu PL, Zheng N, Hague C. Scribble co-operatively binds multiple α 1D-adrenergic receptor C-terminal PDZ ligands. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14073. [PMID: 31575922 PMCID: PMC6773690 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50671-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Many G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are organized as dynamic macromolecular complexes in human cells. Unraveling the structural determinants of unique GPCR complexes may identify unique protein:protein interfaces to be exploited for drug development. We previously reported α1D-adrenergic receptors (α1D-ARs) – key regulators of cardiovascular and central nervous system function – form homodimeric, modular PDZ protein complexes with cell-type specificity. Towards mapping α1D-AR complex architecture, biolayer interferometry (BLI) revealed the α1D-AR C-terminal PDZ ligand selectively binds the PDZ protein scribble (SCRIB) with >8x higher affinity than known interactors syntrophin, CASK and DLG1. Complementary in situ and in vitro assays revealed SCRIB PDZ domains 1 and 4 to be high affinity α1D-AR PDZ ligand interaction sites. SNAP-GST pull-down assays demonstrate SCRIB binds multiple α1D-AR PDZ ligands via a co-operative mechanism. Structure-function analyses pinpoint R1110PDZ4 as a unique, critical residue dictating SCRIB:α1D-AR binding specificity. The crystal structure of SCRIB PDZ4 R1110G predicts spatial shifts in the SCRIB PDZ4 carboxylate binding loop dictate α1D-AR binding specificity. Thus, the findings herein identify SCRIB PDZ domains 1 and 4 as high affinity α1D-AR interaction sites, and potential drug targets to treat diseases associated with aberrant α1D-AR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Janezic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Dorathy-Ann Harris
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Diana Dinh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Kyung-Soon Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Aaron Stewart
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Thomas R Hinds
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Peter L Hsu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Ning Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Chris Hague
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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15
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Pera T, Tompkins E, Katz M, Wang B, Deshpande DA, Weinman EJ, Penn RB. Specificity of NHERF1 regulation of GPCR signaling and function in human airway smooth muscle. FASEB J 2019; 33:9008-9016. [PMID: 31042404 PMCID: PMC6662985 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900323r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor 1 (NHERF1; also known as ezrin-radixin-moesin-binding phosphoprotein 50) is a PSD-95, disc large, zona occludens-1 adapter that acts as a scaffold for signaling complexes and cytoskeletal-plasma membrane interactions. NHERF1 is crucial to β-2-adrenoceptor (β2AR)-mediated activation of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in epithelial cells, and NHERF1 has been proposed to mediate the recycling of internalized β2AR back to the cell membrane. In the current study, we assessed the role of NHERF1 in regulating cAMP-mediated signaling and immunomodulatory functions in airway smooth muscle (ASM). NHERF1 knockdown attenuated the induction of (protein kinase A) phospho-vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (p-VASP) by isoproterenol (ISO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), or forskolin (FSK) as well as the induction of p-heat shock protein 20 after 4 h of stimulation with ISO and FSK. NHERF1 knockdown fully abrogated the ISO-, PGE2-, and FSK-induced IL-6 gene expression and cytokine production without affecting cAMP-mediated phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) gene expression, phospho-cAMP response element-binding protein (p-CREB), and cAMP response element (CRE)-Luc, or PDGF-induced cyclin D1 expression. Interestingly, NHERF1 knockdown prevented ISO-induced chromatin-binding of the transcription factor CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein-β (c/EBPβ). c/EBPβ knockdown almost completely abrogated the cAMP-mediated IL-6 but not PDE4D gene expression. The differential regulation of cAMP-induced signaling and gene expression in our study indicates a role for NHERF1 in the compartmentalization of cAMP signaling in ASM.-Pera, T., Tompkins, E., Katz, M., Wang, B., Deshpande, D. A., Weinman, E. J., Penn, R. B. Specificity of NHERF1 regulation of GPCR signaling and function in human airway smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonio Pera
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, The Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Eric Tompkins
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, The Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael Katz
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, The Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bin Wang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, The Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Deepak A. Deshpande
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, The Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Edward J. Weinman
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Raymond B. Penn
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, The Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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16
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E6 proteins from high-risk HPV, low-risk HPV, and animal papillomaviruses activate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway through E6AP-dependent degradation of NHERF1. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007575. [PMID: 31002735 PMCID: PMC6493770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) E6 proteins associate with the cellular ubiquitin ligase E6-Associated Protein (E6AP), and then recruit both p53 and certain cellular PDZ proteins for ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome. Low-risk HPV E6 proteins also associate with E6AP, yet fail to recruit p53 or PDZ proteins; their E6AP-dependent targets have so far been uncharacterized. We found a cellular PDZ protein called Na+/H+ Exchanger Regulatory Factor 1 (NHERF1) is targeted for degradation by both high and low-risk HPV E6 proteins as well as E6 proteins from diverse non-primate mammalian species. NHERF1 was degraded by E6 in a manner dependent upon E6AP ubiquitin ligase activity but independent of PDZ interactions. A novel structural domain of E6, independent of the p53 recognition domain, was necessary to associate with and degrade NHERF1, and the NHERF1 EB domain was required for E6-mediated degradation. Degradation of NHERF1 by E6 activated canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling, a key pathway that regulates cell growth and proliferation. Expression levels of NHERF1 increased with increasing cell confluency. This is the first study in which a cellular protein has been identified that is targeted for degradation by both high and low-risk HPV E6 as well as E6 proteins from diverse animal papillomaviruses. This suggests that NHERF1 plays a role in regulating squamous epithelial growth and further suggests that the interaction of E6 proteins with NHERF1 could be a common therapeutic target for multiple papillomavirus types. Papillomaviruses cause benign squamous epithelial tumors through the action of virally encoded oncoproteins termed E6 and E7, which are classified as either high or low-risk based upon the propensity of the tumor to evolve into cancer. E6 proteins from both high and low-risk HPVs interact with a cellular ubiquitin ligase called E6AP. High-risk E6 proteins hijack E6AP ubiquitin ligase activity to target p53 for degradation. Degradation targets of the low-risk E6 proteins in complex with E6AP have not been described. Here, we describe a protein called NHERF1 that is targeted for degradation by both high and low-risk E6 proteins, as well as E6 proteins from diverse animal species. Degradation of NHERF1 resulted in activation of an oncogenic cellular signaling pathway called Wnt. Identification of NHERF1 as a highly conserved E6 degradation target could inform therapies directed against both low-risk HPVs and cancer-inducing high-risk HPVs.
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Abstract
Calcium kidney stones are common worldwide. Most are idiopathic and composed of calcium oxalate. Calcium phosphate is present in around 80% and may initiate stone formation. Stone production is multifactorial with a polygenic genetic contribution. Phosphaturia is found frequently among stone formers but until recently received scant attention. This review examines possible mechanisms for the phosphaturia and its relevance to stone formation from a wide angle. There is a striking lack of clinical data. Phosphaturia is associated, but not correlated, with hypercalciuria, increased 1,25 dihydroxy-vitamin D [1,25 (OH)2D], and sometimes evidence of disturbances in proximal renal tubular function. Phosphate reabsorption in the proximal renal tubules requires tightly regulated interaction of many proteins. Paracellular flow through intercellular tight junctions is the major route of phosphate absorption from the intestine and can be reduced therapeutically in hyperphosphatemic patients. In monogenic defects stones develop when phosphaturia is associated with hypercalciuria, generally explained by increased 1,25 (OH)2D production in response to hypophosphatemia. Calcification does not occur in disorders with increased FGF23 when phosphaturia occurs in isolation and 1,25 (OH)2D is suppressed. Candidate gene studies have identified mutations in the phosphate transporters, but in few individuals. One genome-wide study identified a polymorphism of the phosphate transporter gene SLC34A4 associated with stones. Others did not find mutations obviously linked to phosphate reabsorption. Future genetic studies should have a wide trawl and should focus initially on groups of patients with clearly defined phenotypes. The global data should be pooled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Walker
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom.
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18
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Hendrickx JO, van Gastel J, Leysen H, Santos-Otte P, Premont RT, Martin B, Maudsley S. GRK5 - A Functional Bridge Between Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1484. [PMID: 30618771 PMCID: PMC6304357 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex aging-triggered disorders are multifactorial programs that comprise a myriad of alterations in interconnected protein networks over a broad range of tissues. It is evident that rather than being randomly organized events, pathophysiologies that possess a strong aging component such as cardiovascular diseases (hypertensions, atherosclerosis, and vascular stiffening) and neurodegenerative conditions (dementia, Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, Parkinson's disease), in essence represent a subtly modified version of the intricate molecular programs already in place for normal aging. To control such multidimensional activities there are layers of trophic protein control across these networks mediated by so-called "keystone" proteins. We propose that these "keystones" coordinate and interconnect multiple signaling pathways to control whole somatic activities such as aging-related disease etiology. Given its ability to control multiple receptor sensitivities and its broad protein-protein interactomic nature, we propose that G protein coupled receptor kinase 5 (GRK5) represents one of these key network controllers. Considerable data has emerged, suggesting that GRK5 acts as a bridging factor, allowing signaling regulation in pathophysiological settings to control the connectivity between both the cardiovascular and neurophysiological complications of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhana O. Hendrickx
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp – Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jaana van Gastel
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp – Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hanne Leysen
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp – Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Paula Santos-Otte
- Institute of Biophysics, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Richard T. Premont
- Harrington Discovery Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, GA, United States
| | - Bronwen Martin
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stuart Maudsley
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp – Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Antwerp, Belgium
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19
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Emerging Roles of Diacylglycerol-Sensitive TRPC4/5 Channels. Cells 2018; 7:cells7110218. [PMID: 30463370 PMCID: PMC6262340 DOI: 10.3390/cells7110218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential classical or canonical 4 (TRPC4) and TRPC5 channels are members of the classical or canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) channel family of non-selective cation channels. TRPC4 and TRPC5 channels are widely accepted as receptor-operated cation channels that are activated in a phospholipase C-dependent manner, following the Gq/11 protein-coupled receptor activation. However, their precise activation mechanism has remained largely elusive for a long time, as the TRPC4 and TRPC5 channels were considered as being insensitive to the second messenger diacylglycerol (DAG) in contrast to the other TRPC channels. Recent findings indicate that the C-terminal interactions with the scaffolding proteins Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor 1 and 2 (NHERF1 and NHERF2) dynamically regulate the DAG sensitivity of the TRPC4 and TRPC5 channels. Interestingly, the C-terminal NHERF binding suppresses, while the dissociation of NHERF enables, the DAG sensitivity of the TRPC4 and TRPC5 channels. This leads to the assumption that all of the TRPC channels are DAG sensitive. The identification of the regulatory function of the NHERF proteins in the TRPC4/5-NHERF protein complex offers a new starting point to get deeper insights into the molecular basis of TRPC channel activation. Future studies will have to unravel the physiological and pathophysiological functions of this multi-protein channel complex.
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20
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Pelaseyed T, Bretscher A. Regulation of actin-based apical structures on epithelial cells. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:131/20/jcs221853. [PMID: 30333133 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.221853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells of transporting epithelia are characterized by the presence of abundant F-actin-based microvilli on their apical surfaces. Likewise, auditory hair cells have highly reproducible rows of apical stereocilia (giant microvilli) that convert mechanical sound into an electrical signal. Analysis of mutations in deaf patients has highlighted the critical components of tip links between stereocilia, and related structures that contribute to the organization of microvilli on epithelial cells have been found. Ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) proteins, which are activated by phosphorylation, provide a critical link between the plasma membrane and underlying actin cytoskeleton in surface structures. Here, we outline recent insights into how microvilli and stereocilia are built, and the roles of tip links. Furthermore, we highlight how ezrin is locally regulated by phosphorylation, and that this is necessary to maintain polarity. Localized phosphorylation is achieved through an intricate coincidence detection mechanism that requires the membrane lipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] and the apically localized ezrin kinase, lymphocyte-oriented kinase (LOK, also known as STK10) or Ste20-like kinase (SLK). We also discuss how ezrin-binding scaffolding proteins regulate microvilli and how, despite these significant advances, it remains to be discovered how the cell polarity program ultimately interfaces with these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaher Pelaseyed
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anthony Bretscher
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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21
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Li J, He Q, Li Q, Huang R, Wei X, Pan X, Wu W. Decreased expression of Na+-H+ exchanger isoforms 1 and 3 in denervated spontaneously hypertensive rat kidney. Clin Exp Hypertens 2018; 41:235-243. [PMID: 29787310 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2018.1469639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianling Li
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qiaoling He
- Department of Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, The First people’s Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China
| | - Qingjie Li
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Rongjie Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, The First people’s Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, The First people’s Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaofeng Pan
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Weifeng Wu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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22
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Meng K, Shim P, Wang Q, Zhao S, Gu T, Kahsai AW, Ahn S, Chen X. Design, synthesis, and functional assessment of Cmpd-15 derivatives as negative allosteric modulators for the β2-adrenergic receptor. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:2320-2330. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Lewis L, Kwong RWM. Zebrafish as a Model System for Investigating the Compensatory Regulation of Ionic Balance during Metabolic Acidosis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1087. [PMID: 29621145 PMCID: PMC5979485 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) have become an important model for integrative physiological research. Zebrafish inhabit a hypo-osmotic environment; to maintain ionic and acid-base homeostasis, they must actively take up ions and secrete acid to the water. The gills in the adult and the skin at larval stage are the primary sites of ionic regulation in zebrafish. The uptake of ions in zebrafish is mediated by specific ion transporting cells termed ionocytes. Similarly, in mammals, ion reabsorption and acid excretion occur in specific cell types in the terminal region of the renal tubules (distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct). Previous studies have suggested that functional regulation of several ion transporters/channels in the zebrafish ionocytes resembles that in the mammalian renal cells. Additionally, several mechanisms involved in regulating the epithelial ion transport during metabolic acidosis are found to be similar between zebrafish and mammals. In this article, we systemically review the similarities and differences in ionic regulation between zebrafish and mammals during metabolic acidosis. We summarize the available information on the regulation of epithelial ion transporters during acidosis, with a focus on epithelial Na⁺, Cl- and Ca2+ transporters in zebrafish ionocytes and mammalian renal cells. We also discuss the neuroendocrine responses to acid exposure, and their potential role in ionic compensation. Finally, we identify several knowledge gaps that would benefit from further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lletta Lewis
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | - Raymond W M Kwong
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
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24
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Park J, Jang JH, Oh S, Kim M, Shin C, Jeong M, Heo K, Park JB, Kim SR, Oh YS. LPA-induced migration of ovarian cancer cells requires activation of ERM proteins via LPA 1 and LPA 2. Cell Signal 2018; 44:138-147. [PMID: 29329782 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) has been implicated in the pathology of human ovarian cancer. This phospholipid elicits a wide range of cancer cell responses, such as proliferation, trans-differentiation, migration, and invasion, via various G-protein-coupled LPA receptors (LPARs). Here, we explored the cellular signaling pathway via which LPA induces migration of ovarian cancer cells. LPA induced robust phosphorylation of ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) proteins, which are membrane-cytoskeleton linkers, in the ovarian cancer cell line OVCAR-3. Among the LPAR subtypes expressed in these cells, LPA1 and LPA2, but not LPA3, induced phosphorylation of ERM proteins at their C-termini. This phosphorylation was dependent on the Gα12/13/RhoA pathway, but not on the Gαq/Ca2+/PKC or Gαs/adenylate cyclase/PKA pathway. The activated ERM proteins mediated cytoskeletal reorganization and formation of membrane protrusions in OVCAR-3 cells. Importantly, LPA-induced migration of OVCAR-3 cells was completely abolished not only by gene silencing of LPA1 or LPA2, but also by overexpression of a dominant negative ezrin mutant (ezrin-T567A). Taken together, this study demonstrates that the LPA1/LPA2/ERM pathway mediates LPA-induced migration of ovarian cancer cells. These findings may provide a potential therapeutic target to prevent metastatic progression of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongrak Park
- Department of Brain-Cognitive Sciences, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyeok Jang
- Department of Brain-Cognitive Sciences, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seojin Oh
- Department of Brain-Cognitive Sciences, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhye Kim
- Department of Brain-Cognitive Sciences, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhoon Shin
- Department of Brain-Cognitive Sciences, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseok Jeong
- Department of Brain-Cognitive Sciences, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyun Heo
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Bae Park
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ryong Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Institute of Life Science & Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Seok Oh
- Department of Brain-Cognitive Sciences, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Peterson YK, Luttrell LM. The Diverse Roles of Arrestin Scaffolds in G Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling. Pharmacol Rev 2017. [PMID: 28626043 DOI: 10.1124/pr.116.013367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The visual/β-arrestins, a small family of proteins originally described for their role in the desensitization and intracellular trafficking of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), have emerged as key regulators of multiple signaling pathways. Evolutionarily related to a larger group of regulatory scaffolds that share a common arrestin fold, the visual/β-arrestins acquired the capacity to detect and bind activated GPCRs on the plasma membrane, which enables them to control GPCR desensitization, internalization, and intracellular trafficking. By acting as scaffolds that bind key pathway intermediates, visual/β-arrestins both influence the tonic level of pathway activity in cells and, in some cases, serve as ligand-regulated scaffolds for GPCR-mediated signaling. Growing evidence supports the physiologic and pathophysiologic roles of arrestins and underscores their potential as therapeutic targets. Circumventing arrestin-dependent GPCR desensitization may alleviate the problem of tachyphylaxis to drugs that target GPCRs, and find application in the management of chronic pain, asthma, and psychiatric illness. As signaling scaffolds, arrestins are also central regulators of pathways controlling cell growth, migration, and survival, suggesting that manipulating their scaffolding functions may be beneficial in inflammatory diseases, fibrosis, and cancer. In this review we examine the structure-function relationships that enable arrestins to perform their diverse roles, addressing arrestin structure at the molecular level, the relationship between arrestin conformation and function, and sites of interaction between arrestins, GPCRs, and nonreceptor-binding partners. We conclude with a discussion of arrestins as therapeutic targets and the settings in which manipulating arrestin function might be of clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri K Peterson
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (Y.K.P.), and Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (L.M.L.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; and Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina (L.M.L.)
| | - Louis M Luttrell
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (Y.K.P.), and Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (L.M.L.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; and Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina (L.M.L.)
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26
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Packer M. Activation and Inhibition of Sodium-Hydrogen Exchanger Is a Mechanism That Links the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus With That of Heart Failure. Circulation 2017; 136:1548-1559. [PMID: 29038209 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.030418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the progression of diabetes mellitus and heart failure are closely intertwined, such that worsening of one condition is frequently accompanied by worsening of the other; the degree of clinical acceleration is marked when the 2 coexist. Activation of the sodium-hydrogen exchanger in the heart and vasculature (NHE1 isoform) and the kidneys (NHE3 isoform) may serve as a common mechanism that links both disorders and may underlie their interplay. Insulin insensitivity and adipokine abnormalities (the hallmarks of type 2 diabetes mellitus) are characteristic features of heart failure; conversely, neurohormonal systems activated in heart failure (norepinephrine, angiotensin II, aldosterone, and neprilysin) impair insulin sensitivity and contribute to microvascular disease in diabetes mellitus. Each of these neurohormonal derangements may act through increased activity of both NHE1 and NHE3. Drugs used to treat diabetes mellitus may favorably affect the pathophysiological mechanisms of heart failure by inhibiting either or both NHE isoforms, and drugs used to treat heart failure may have beneficial effects on glucose tolerance and the complications of diabetes mellitus by interfering with the actions of NHE1 and NHE3. The efficacy of NHE inhibitors on the risk of cardiovascular events may be enhanced when heart failure and glucose intolerance coexist and may be attenuated when drugs with NHE inhibitory actions are given concomitantly. Therefore, the sodium-hydrogen exchanger may play a central role in the interplay of diabetes mellitus and heart failure, contribute to the physiological and clinical progression of both diseases, and explain certain drug-drug and drug-disease interactions that have been reported in large-scale randomized clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Packer
- From Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX.
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27
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Bahouth SW, Nooh MM. Barcoding of GPCR trafficking and signaling through the various trafficking roadmaps by compartmentalized signaling networks. Cell Signal 2017; 36:42-55. [PMID: 28449947 PMCID: PMC5512170 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Proper signaling by G protein coupled receptors (GPCR) is dependent on the specific repertoire of transducing, enzymatic and regulatory kinases and phosphatases that shape its signaling output. Activation and signaling of the GPCR through its cognate G protein is impacted by G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK)-imprinted "barcodes" that recruit β-arrestins to regulate subsequent desensitization, biased signaling and endocytosis of the GPCR. The outcome of agonist-internalized GPCR in endosomes is also regulated by sequence motifs or "barcodes" within the GPCR that mediate its recycling to the plasma membrane or retention and eventual degradation as well as its subsequent signaling in endosomes. Given the vast number of diverse sequences in GPCR, several trafficking mechanisms for endosomal GPCR have been described. The majority of recycling GPCR, are sorted out of endosomes in a "sequence-dependent pathway" anchored around a type-1 PDZ-binding module found in their C-tails. For a subset of these GPCR, a second "barcode" imprinted onto specific GPCR serine/threonine residues by compartmentalized kinase networks was required for their efficient recycling through the "sequence-dependent pathway". Mutating the serine/threonine residues involved, produced dramatic effects on GPCR trafficking, indicating that they played a major role in setting the trafficking itinerary of these GPCR. While endosomal SNX27, retromer/WASH complexes and actin were required for efficient sorting and budding of all these GPCR, additional proteins were required for GPCR sorting via the second "barcode". Here we will review recent developments in GPCR trafficking in general and the human β1-adrenergic receptor in particular across the various trafficking roadmaps. In addition, we will discuss the role of GPCR trafficking in regulating endosomal GPCR signaling, which promote biochemical and physiological effects that are distinct from those generated by the GPCR signal transduction pathway in membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleiman W Bahouth
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, 71 S. Manassas, Memphis, TN 38103, USA.
| | - Mohammed M Nooh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt
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28
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Mangmool S, Denkaew T, Parichatikanond W, Kurose H. β-Adrenergic Receptor and Insulin Resistance in the Heart. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2017; 25:44-56. [PMID: 28035081 PMCID: PMC5207462 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2016.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is characterized by the reduced ability of insulin to stimulate tissue uptake and disposal of glucose including cardiac muscle. These conditions accelerate the progression of heart failure and increase cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with cardiovascular diseases. It is noteworthy that some conditions of insulin resistance are characterized by up-regulation of the sympathetic nervous system, resulting in enhanced stimulation of β-adrenergic receptor (βAR). Overstimulation of βARs leads to the development of heart failure and is associated with the pathogenesis of insulin resistance in the heart. However, pathological consequences of the cross-talk between the βAR and the insulin sensitivity and the mechanism by which βAR overstimulation promotes insulin resistance remain unclear. This review article examines the hypothesis that βARs overstimulation leads to induction of insulin resistance in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supachoke Mangmool
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for Innovation in Drug Design and Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Tananat Denkaew
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | | | - Hitoshi Kurose
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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29
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Dynamic NHERF interaction with TRPC4/5 proteins is required for channel gating by diacylglycerol. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 114:E37-E46. [PMID: 27994151 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1612263114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation mechanism of the classical transient receptor potential channels TRPC4 and -5 via the Gq/11 protein-phospholipase C (PLC) signaling pathway has remained elusive so far. In contrast to all other TRPC channels, the PLC product diacylglycerol (DAG) is not sufficient for channel activation, whereas TRPC4/5 channel activity is potentiated by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) depletion. As a characteristic structural feature, TRPC4/5 channels contain a C-terminal PDZ-binding motif allowing for binding of the scaffolding proteins Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor (NHERF) 1 and 2. PKC inhibition or the exchange of threonine for alanine in the C-terminal PDZ-binding motif conferred DAG sensitivity to the channel. Altogether, we present a DAG-mediated activation mechanism for TRPC4/5 channels tightly regulated by NHERF1/2 interaction. PIP2 depletion evokes a C-terminal conformational change of TRPC5 proteins leading to dynamic dissociation of NHERF1/2 from the C terminus of TRPC5 as a prerequisite for DAG sensitivity. We show that NHERF proteins are direct regulators of ion channel activity and that DAG sensitivity is a distinctive hallmark of TRPC channels.
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30
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A molecular code for endosomal recycling of phosphorylated cargos by the SNX27-retromer complex. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2016; 23:921-932. [PMID: 27595347 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.3290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recycling of internalized receptors from endosomal compartments is essential for the receptors' cell-surface homeostasis. Sorting nexin 27 (SNX27) cooperates with the retromer complex in the recycling of proteins containing type I PSD95-Dlg-ZO1 (PDZ)-binding motifs. Here we define specific acidic amino acid sequences upstream of the PDZ-binding motif required for high-affinity engagement of the human SNX27 PDZ domain. However, a subset of SNX27 ligands, such as the β2 adrenergic receptor and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, lack these sequence determinants. Instead, we identified conserved sites of phosphorylation that substitute for acidic residues and dramatically enhance SNX27 interactions. This newly identified mechanism suggests a likely regulatory switch for PDZ interaction and protein transport by the SNX27-retromer complex. Defining this SNX27 binding code allowed us to classify more than 400 potential SNX27 ligands with broad functional implications in signal transduction, neuronal plasticity and metabolite transport.
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31
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Kleinau G, Müller A, Biebermann H. Oligomerization of GPCRs involved in endocrine regulation. J Mol Endocrinol 2016; 57:R59-80. [PMID: 27151573 DOI: 10.1530/jme-16-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
More than 800 different human membrane-spanning G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) serve as signal transducers at biological barriers. These receptors are activated by a wide variety of ligands such as peptides, ions and hormones, and are able to activate a diverse set of intracellular signaling pathways. GPCRs are of central importance in endocrine regulation, which underpins the significance of comprehensively studying these receptors and interrelated systems. During the last decade, the capacity for multimerization of GPCRs was found to be a common and functionally relevant property. The interaction between GPCR monomers results in higher order complexes such as homomers (identical receptor subtype) or heteromers (different receptor subtypes), which may be present in a specific and dynamic monomer/oligomer equilibrium. It is widely accepted that the oligomerization of GPCRs is a mechanism for determining the fine-tuning and expansion of cellular processes by modification of ligand action, expression levels, and related signaling outcome. Accordingly, oligomerization provides exciting opportunities to optimize pharmacological treatment with respect to receptor target and tissue selectivity or for the development of diagnostic tools. On the other hand, GPCR heteromerization may be a potential reason for the undesired side effects of pharmacological interventions, faced with numerous and common mutual signaling modifications in heteromeric constellations. Finally, detailed deciphering of the physiological occurrence and relevance of specific GPCR/GPCR-ligand interactions poses a future challenge. This review will tackle the aspects of GPCR oligomerization with specific emphasis on family A GPCRs involved in endocrine regulation, whereby only a subset of these receptors will be discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Kleinau
- Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology (IEPE)Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Müller
- Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology (IEPE)Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Biebermann
- Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology (IEPE)Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
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32
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Tian X, Irannejad R, Bowman SL, Du Y, Puthenveedu MA, von Zastrow M, Benovic JL. The α-Arrestin ARRDC3 Regulates the Endosomal Residence Time and Intracellular Signaling of the β2-Adrenergic Receptor. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:14510-25. [PMID: 27226565 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.716589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Arrestin domain-containing protein 3 (ARRDC3) is a member of the mammalian α-arrestin family, which is predicted to share similar tertiary structure with visual-/β-arrestins and also contains C-terminal PPXY motifs that mediate interaction with E3 ubiquitin ligases. Recently, ARRDC3 has been proposed to play a role in regulating the trafficking of G protein-coupled receptors, although mechanistic insight into this process is lacking. Here, we focused on characterizing the role of ARRDC3 in regulating the trafficking of the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR). We find that ARRDC3 primarily localizes to EEA1-positive early endosomes and directly interacts with the β2AR in a ligand-independent manner. Although ARRDC3 has no effect on β2AR endocytosis or degradation, it negatively regulates β2AR entry into SNX27-occupied endosomal tubules. This results in delayed recycling of the receptor and a concomitant increase in β2AR-dependent endosomal signaling. Thus, ARRDC3 functions as a switch to modulate the endosomal residence time and subsequent intracellular signaling of the β2AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufan Tian
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Roshanak Irannejad
- the Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Shanna L Bowman
- the Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, and
| | - Yang Du
- the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Manojkumar A Puthenveedu
- the Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, and
| | - Mark von Zastrow
- the Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Jeffrey L Benovic
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107,
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33
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Sauvanet C, Wayt J, Pelaseyed T, Bretscher A. Structure, Regulation, and Functional Diversity of Microvilli on the Apical Domain of Epithelial Cells. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2015; 31:593-621. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100814-125234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Sauvanet
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics and Weill Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853;
| | - Jessica Wayt
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics and Weill Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853;
| | - Thaher Pelaseyed
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics and Weill Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853;
| | - Anthony Bretscher
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics and Weill Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853;
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Abstract
The human exocrine pancreas consists of 2 main cell types: acinar and ductal cells. These exocrine cells interact closely to contribute to the secretion of pancreatic juice. The most important ion in terms of the pancreatic ductal secretion is HCO3. In fact, duct cells produce an alkaline fluid that may contain up to 140 mM NaHCO3, which is essential for normal digestion. This article provides an overview of the basics of pancreatic ductal physiology and pathophysiology. In the first part of the article, we discuss the ductal electrolyte and fluid transporters and their regulation. The central role of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is highlighted, which is much more than just a Cl channel. We also review the role of pancreatic ducts in severe debilitating diseases such as cystic fibrosis (caused by various genetic defects of cftr), pancreatitis, and diabetes mellitus. Stimulation of ductal secretion in cystic fibrosis and pancreatitis may have beneficial effects in their treatment.
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35
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Sauvanet C, Garbett D, Bretscher A. The function and dynamics of the apical scaffolding protein E3KARP are regulated by cell-cycle phosphorylation. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:3615-27. [PMID: 26310448 PMCID: PMC4603932 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-07-0498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We examine the dynamics and function of the apical scaffolding protein E3KARP/NHERF2, which consists of two PDZ domains and a tail containing an ezrin-binding domain. The exchange rate of E3KARP is greatly enhanced during mitosis due to phosphorylation at Ser-303 in its tail region. Whereas E3KARP can substitute for the function of the closely related scaffolding protein EBP50/NHERF1 in the formation of interphase microvilli, E3KARP S303D cannot. Moreover, the S303D mutation enhances the in vivo dynamics of the E3KARP tail alone, whereas in vitro the interaction of E3KARP with active ezrin is unaffected by S303D, implicating another factor regulating dynamics in vivo. A-Raf is found to be required for S303 phosphorylation in mitotic cells. Regulation of the dynamics of EBP50 is known to be dependent on its tail region but modulated by PDZ domain occupancy, which is not the case for E3KARP. Of interest, in both cases, the mechanisms regulating dynamics involve the tails, which are the most diverged region of the paralogues and probably evolved independently after a gene duplication event that occurred early in vertebrate evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Sauvanet
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Damien Garbett
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Anthony Bretscher
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
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Abstract
The H(+) concentration in human blood is kept within very narrow limits, ~40 nmol/L, despite the fact that dietary metabolism generates acid and base loads that are added to the systemic circulation throughout the life of mammals. One of the primary functions of the kidney is to maintain the constancy of systemic acid-base chemistry. The kidney has evolved the capacity to regulate blood acidity by performing three key functions: (i) reabsorb HCO3(-) that is filtered through the glomeruli to prevent its excretion in the urine; (ii) generate a sufficient quantity of new HCO3(-) to compensate for the loss of HCO3(-) resulting from dietary metabolic H(+) loads and loss of HCO3(-) in the urea cycle; and (iii) excrete HCO3(-) (or metabolizable organic anions) following a systemic base load. The ability of the kidney to perform these functions requires that various cell types throughout the nephron respond to changes in acid-base chemistry by modulating specific ion transport and/or metabolic processes in a coordinated fashion such that the urine and renal vein chemistry is altered appropriately. The purpose of the article is to provide the interested reader with a broad review of a field that began historically ~60 years ago with whole animal studies, and has evolved to where we are currently addressing questions related to kidney acid-base regulation at the single protein structure/function level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira Kurtz
- Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA; Brain Research Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
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Camp ND, Lee KS, Wacker-Mhyre JL, Kountz TS, Park JM, Harris DA, Estrada M, Stewart A, Wolf-Yadlin A, Hague C. Individual protomers of a G protein-coupled receptor dimer integrate distinct functional modules. Cell Discov 2015; 1. [PMID: 26617989 PMCID: PMC4658663 DOI: 10.1038/celldisc.2015.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in proteomic technology reveal G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are organized as large, macromolecular protein complexes in cell membranes, adding a new layer of intricacy to GPCR signaling. We previously reported the α1D-adrenergic receptor (ADRA1D)—a key regulator of cardiovascular, urinary and CNS function—binds the syntrophin family of PDZ domain proteins (SNTA, SNTB1, and SNTB2) through a C-terminal PDZ ligand interaction, ensuring receptor plasma membrane localization and G-protein coupling. To assess the uniqueness of this novel GPCR complex, 23 human GPCRs containing Type I PDZ ligands were subjected to TAP/MS proteomic analysis. Syntrophins did not interact with any other GPCRs. Unexpectedly, a second PDZ domain protein, scribble (SCRIB), was detected in ADRA1D complexes. Biochemical, proteomic, and dynamic mass redistribution analyses indicate syntrophins and SCRIB compete for the PDZ ligand, simultaneously exist within an ADRA1D multimer, and impart divergent pharmacological properties to the complex. Our results reveal an unprecedented modular dimeric architecture for the ADRA1D in the cell membrane, providing unexpected opportunities for fine-tuning receptor function through novel protein interactions in vivo, and for intervening in signal transduction with small molecules that can stabilize or disrupt unique GPCR:PDZ protein interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D Camp
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kyung-Soon Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Timothy S Kountz
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ji-Min Park
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dorathy-Ann Harris
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marianne Estrada
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aaron Stewart
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alejandro Wolf-Yadlin
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chris Hague
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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38
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Walther C, Ferguson SSG. Minireview: Role of intracellular scaffolding proteins in the regulation of endocrine G protein-coupled receptor signaling. Mol Endocrinol 2015; 29:814-30. [PMID: 25942107 DOI: 10.1210/me.2015-1091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of hormones stimulates and mediates their signal transduction via G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The signal is transmitted into the cell due to the association of the GPCRs with heterotrimeric G proteins, which in turn activates an extensive array of signaling pathways to regulate cell physiology. However, GPCRs also function as scaffolds for the recruitment of a variety of cytoplasmic protein-interacting proteins that bind to both the intracellular face and protein interaction motifs encoded by GPCRs. The structural scaffolding of these proteins allows GPCRs to recruit large functional complexes that serve to modulate both G protein-dependent and -independent cellular signaling pathways and modulate GPCR intracellular trafficking. This review focuses on GPCR interacting PSD95-disc large-zona occludens domain containing scaffolds in the regulation of endocrine receptor signaling as well as their potential role as therapeutic targets for the treatment of endocrinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Walther
- J. Allyn Taylor Centre for Cell Biology (C.W., S.S.G.F.), Robarts Research Institute, and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (S.S.G.F.), University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5K8
| | - Stephen S G Ferguson
- J. Allyn Taylor Centre for Cell Biology (C.W., S.S.G.F.), Robarts Research Institute, and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (S.S.G.F.), University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5K8
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Yang L, Zheng J, Xiong Y, Meng R, Ma Q, Liu H, Shen H, Zheng S, Wang S, He J. Regulation of β2-adrenergic receptor cell surface expression by interaction with cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-associated ligand (CAL). Amino Acids 2015; 47:1455-64. [PMID: 25876703 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-1965-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The beta-2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR), a member of GPCR, can activate multiple signaling pathways and is an important treatment target for cardiac failure. However, the molecular mechanism about β2AR signaling regulation is not fully understood. In this study, we found that cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-associated ligand (CAL) overexpression reduced β2AR-mediated extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2) activation. Further study identified CAL as a novel binding partner of β2AR. CAL is associated with β2AR mainly via the third intracellular loop (ICL3) of receptor and the coiled-coil domains of CAL, which is distinct from CAL/β1AR interaction mediated by the carboxyl terminal (CT) of β1AR and PDZ domain of CAL. CAL overexpression retarded β2AR expression in Golgi apparatus and reduced the receptor expression in plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longyan Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, You An Men, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
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40
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Bowman SL, Puthenveedu MA. Postendocytic Sorting of Adrenergic and Opioid Receptors: New Mechanisms and Functions. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2015; 132:189-206. [PMID: 26055059 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The endocytic pathway tightly regulates the activity of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Much of our understanding of this relationship between GPCR endocytic trafficking and signaling comes from studies done on catecholamine and opioid receptors. After ligand-induced endocytosis, a key sorting step in the endosome determines whether receptors are recycled back to the cell surface, leading to recovery of signaling, or are degraded in the lysosome, leading to desensitization. Recycling of GPCRs, unlike that of many other proteins, is an active process driven by specific sequences on the receptor and proteins that interact with this sequence. Recent data suggest that sequence-dependent recycling plays complex roles in regulating both the timing and location of GPCR signaling. This chapter will describe our current understanding of the mechanisms regulating GPCR sorting in the endosome and discuss emerging ideas on their role in GPCR signaling, focusing on adrenergic and opioid receptors as prototypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanna L Bowman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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41
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Dunn HA, Ferguson SSG. PDZ Protein Regulation of G Protein–Coupled Receptor Trafficking and Signaling Pathways. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 88:624-39. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.115.098509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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Koliwer J, Park M, Bauch C, von Zastrow M, Kreienkamp HJ. The golgi-associated PDZ domain protein PIST/GOPC stabilizes the β1-adrenergic receptor in intracellular compartments after internalization. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:6120-9. [PMID: 25614626 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.605725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Many G-protein-coupled receptors carry C-terminal ligand motifs for PSD-95/discs large/ZO-1 (PDZ) domains; via interaction with PDZ domain-containing scaffold proteins, this allows for integration of receptors into signaling complexes. However, the presence of PDZ domain proteins attached to intracellular membranes suggests that PDZ-type interactions may also contribute to subcellular sorting of receptors. The protein interacting specifically with Tc10 (PIST; also known as GOPC) is a trans-Golgi-associated protein that interacts through its single PDZ domain with a variety of cell surface receptors. Here we show that PIST controls trafficking of the interacting β1-adrenergic receptor both in the anterograde, biosynthetic pathway and during postendocytic recycling. Overexpression and knockdown experiments show that PIST leads to retention of the receptor in the trans-Golgi network (TGN), to the effect that overexpressed PIST reduces activation of the MAPK pathway by β1-adrenergic receptor (β1AR) agonists. Receptors can be released from retention in the TGN by coexpression of the plasma membrane-associated scaffold PSD-95, which allows for transport of receptors to the plasma membrane. Stimulation of β1 receptors and activation of the cAMP pathway lead to relocation of PIST from the TGN to an endosome-like compartment. Here PIST colocalizes with SNX1 and the internalized β1AR and protects endocytosed receptors from lysosomal degradation. In agreement, β1AR levels are decreased in hippocampi of PIST-deficient mice. Our data suggest that PIST contributes to the fine-tuning of β1AR sorting both during biosynthetic and postendocytic trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Koliwer
- From the Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany and
| | - Minjong Park
- Departments of Psychiatry and Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California at San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Carola Bauch
- From the Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany and
| | - Mark von Zastrow
- Departments of Psychiatry and Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California at San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Hans-Jürgen Kreienkamp
- From the Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany and
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43
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Kanageswaran N, Demond M, Nagel M, Schreiner BSP, Baumgart S, Scholz P, Altmüller J, Becker C, Doerner JF, Conrad H, Oberland S, Wetzel CH, Neuhaus EM, Hatt H, Gisselmann G. Deep sequencing of the murine olfactory receptor neuron transcriptome. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0113170. [PMID: 25590618 PMCID: PMC4295871 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of animals to sense and differentiate among thousands of odorants relies on a large set of olfactory receptors (OR) and a multitude of accessory proteins within the olfactory epithelium (OE). ORs and related signaling mechanisms have been the subject of intensive studies over the past years, but our knowledge regarding olfactory processing remains limited. The recent development of next generation sequencing (NGS) techniques encouraged us to assess the transcriptome of the murine OE. We analyzed RNA from OEs of female and male adult mice and from fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS)-sorted olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) obtained from transgenic OMP-GFP mice. The Illumina RNA-Seq protocol was utilized to generate up to 86 million reads per transcriptome. In OE samples, nearly all OR and trace amine-associated receptor (TAAR) genes involved in the perception of volatile amines were detectably expressed. Other genes known to participate in olfactory signaling pathways were among the 200 genes with the highest expression levels in the OE. To identify OE-specific genes, we compared olfactory neuron expression profiles with RNA-Seq transcriptome data from different murine tissues. By analyzing different transcript classes, we detected the expression of non-olfactory GPCRs in ORNs and established an expression ranking for GPCRs detected in the OE. We also identified other previously undescribed membrane proteins as potential new players in olfaction. The quantitative and comprehensive transcriptome data provide a virtually complete catalogue of genes expressed in the OE and present a useful tool to uncover candidate genes involved in, for example, olfactory signaling, OR trafficking and recycling, and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marilen Demond
- Ruhr-University Bochum, Department of Cell Physiology, Bochum, Germany
- University Duisburg-Essen, Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, Essen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Nagel
- Ruhr-University Bochum, Department of Cell Physiology, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Sabrina Baumgart
- Ruhr-University Bochum, Department of Cell Physiology, Bochum, Germany
| | - Paul Scholz
- Ruhr-University Bochum, Department of Cell Physiology, Bochum, Germany
| | | | | | - Julia F. Doerner
- Ruhr-University Bochum, Department of Cell Physiology, Bochum, Germany
| | - Heike Conrad
- Ruhr-University Bochum, Department of Cell Physiology, Bochum, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence and DFG Research Center Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sonja Oberland
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Jena, Drackendorfer Str. 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence NeuroCure, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian H. Wetzel
- University of Regensburg, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Molecular Neurosciences, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Eva M. Neuhaus
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Jena, Drackendorfer Str. 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence NeuroCure, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hanns Hatt
- Ruhr-University Bochum, Department of Cell Physiology, Bochum, Germany
| | - Günter Gisselmann
- Ruhr-University Bochum, Department of Cell Physiology, Bochum, Germany
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44
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Zindel D, Butcher AJ, Al-Sabah S, Lanzerstorfer P, Weghuber J, Tobin AB, Bünemann M, Krasel C. Engineered hyperphosphorylation of the β2-adrenoceptor prolongs arrestin-3 binding and induces arrestin internalization. Mol Pharmacol 2014; 87:349-62. [PMID: 25425623 DOI: 10.1124/mol.114.095422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor phosphorylation plays a major role in receptor desensitization and arrestin binding. It is, however, unclear how distinct receptor phosphorylation patterns may influence arrestin binding and subsequent trafficking. Here we engineer phosphorylation sites into the C-terminal tail of the β2-adrenoceptor (β2AR) and demonstrate that this mutant, termed β2AR(SSS), showed increased isoprenaline-stimulated phosphorylation and differences in arrestin-3 affinity and trafficking. By measuring arrestin-3 recruitment and the stability of arrestin-3 receptor complexes in real time using fluorescence resonance energy transfer and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, we demonstrate that arrestin-3 dissociated quickly and almost completely from the β2AR, whereas the interaction with β2AR(SSS) was 2- to 4-fold prolonged. In contrast, arrestin-3 interaction with a β2-adrenoceptor fused to the carboxyl-terminal tail of the vasopressin type 2 receptor was nearly irreversible. Further analysis of arrestin-3 localization revealed that by engineering phosphorylation sites into the β2-adrenoceptor the receptor showed prolonged interaction with arrestin-3 and colocalization with arrestin in endosomes after internalization. This is in contrast to the wild-type receptor that interacts transiently with arrestin-3 at the plasma membrane. Furthermore, β2AR(SSS) internalized more efficiently than the wild-type receptor, whereas recycling was very similar for both receptors. Thus, we show how the interaction between arrestins and receptors can be increased with minimal receptor modification and that relatively modest increases in receptor-arrestin affinity are sufficient to alter arrestin trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Zindel
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmazie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany (D.Z., M.B., C.K.); MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (A.J.B., A.B.T.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kuwait University, Kuwait (S.A.-S.); and University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Wels, Austria (P.L., J.W.)
| | - Adrian J Butcher
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmazie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany (D.Z., M.B., C.K.); MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (A.J.B., A.B.T.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kuwait University, Kuwait (S.A.-S.); and University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Wels, Austria (P.L., J.W.)
| | - Suleiman Al-Sabah
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmazie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany (D.Z., M.B., C.K.); MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (A.J.B., A.B.T.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kuwait University, Kuwait (S.A.-S.); and University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Wels, Austria (P.L., J.W.)
| | - Peter Lanzerstorfer
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmazie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany (D.Z., M.B., C.K.); MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (A.J.B., A.B.T.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kuwait University, Kuwait (S.A.-S.); and University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Wels, Austria (P.L., J.W.)
| | - Julian Weghuber
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmazie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany (D.Z., M.B., C.K.); MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (A.J.B., A.B.T.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kuwait University, Kuwait (S.A.-S.); and University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Wels, Austria (P.L., J.W.)
| | - Andrew B Tobin
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmazie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany (D.Z., M.B., C.K.); MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (A.J.B., A.B.T.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kuwait University, Kuwait (S.A.-S.); and University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Wels, Austria (P.L., J.W.)
| | - Moritz Bünemann
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmazie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany (D.Z., M.B., C.K.); MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (A.J.B., A.B.T.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kuwait University, Kuwait (S.A.-S.); and University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Wels, Austria (P.L., J.W.)
| | - Cornelius Krasel
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmazie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany (D.Z., M.B., C.K.); MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (A.J.B., A.B.T.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kuwait University, Kuwait (S.A.-S.); and University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Wels, Austria (P.L., J.W.)
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Bock A, Kostenis E, Tränkle C, Lohse MJ, Mohr K. Pilot the pulse: controlling the multiplicity of receptor dynamics. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2014; 35:630-8. [PMID: 25455830 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are involved in almost every (patho)physiological process, which explains their importance as drug targets. GPCRs have long been regarded as on/off-switches, which is reflected by direct activation or blockade of these receptors through the majority of marketed GPCR drugs. In recent years, however, our view of GPCRs has changed dramatically. GPCRs are now appreciated as integrative and highly dynamic signaling machines which can adopt numerous distinct conformations enabling them to initiate a highly ramified signaling network. We argue here that it may be possible to chemically encode distinct signaling profiles into ligands by rational ligand design. We exemplify our hypothesis by fine-tuning partial and biased agonism, thereby exploiting two new principles of GPCR modulation - dynamic and dualsteric ligand binding. We propose that the emerging understanding of the multiplicity of receptor dynamics will eventually lead to rationally designed new drugs which pilot the pulse; in other words, that stabilize distinct receptor states to fine-tune GPCR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Bock
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Evi Kostenis
- Molecular-, Cellular-, and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Tränkle
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 3, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin J Lohse
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany; Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Mohr
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 3, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
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Pfister S, Weber T, Härtig W, Schwerdel C, Elsaesser R, Knuesel I, Fritschy JM. Novel role of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in maintaining adult mouse olfactory neuronal homeostasis. J Comp Neurol 2014; 523:406-30. [PMID: 25271146 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The olfactory epithelium (OE) of mice deficient in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) exhibits ion transport deficiencies reported in human CF airways, as well as progressive neuronal loss, suggesting defects in olfactory neuron homeostasis. Microvillar cells, a specialized OE cell-subtype, have been implicated in maintaining tissue homeostasis. These cells are endowed with a PLCβ2/IP3 R3/TRPC6 signal transduction pathway modulating release of neuropeptide Y (NPY), which stimulates OE stem cell activity. It is unknown, however, whether microvillar cells also mediate the deficits observed in CFTR-null mice. Here we show that Cftr mRNA in mouse OE is exclusively localized in microvillar cells and CFTR immunofluorescence is coassociated with the scaffolding protein NHERF-1 and PLCβ2 in microvilli. In CFTR-null mice, PLCβ2 was undetectable, NHERF-1 mislocalized, and IP3 R3 more intensely stained, along with increased levels of NPY, suggesting profound alteration of the PLCβ2/IP3 R3 signaling pathway. In addition, basal olfactory neuron homeostasis was altered, shown by increased progenitor cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis and by reduced regenerative capacity following methimazole-induced neurodegeneration. The importance of CFTR in microvillar cells was further underscored by decreased thickness of the OE mucus layer and increased numbers of immune cells within this tissue in CFTR-KO mice. Finally, we observed enhanced immune responses to an acute viral-like infection, as well as hyper-responsiveness to chemical and physical stimuli applied intranasally. Taken together, these data strengthen the notion that microvillar cells in the OE play a key role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and identify several mechanisms underlying this regulation through the multiple functions of CFTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Pfister
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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47
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Dynamics of ezrin and EBP50 in regulating microvilli on the apical aspect of epithelial cells. Biochem Soc Trans 2014; 42:189-94. [PMID: 24450650 DOI: 10.1042/bst20130263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Microvilli are found on the apical surface of epithelial cells. Recent studies on the microvillar proteins ezrin and EBP50 (ezrin/radixin/moesin-binding phosphoprotein of 50 kDa) have revealed both the dynamics and the regulation of microvillar components, and how a dynamic ezrin phosphocycle is necessary to confine microvilli to the apical membrane. In the present review, we first summarize the background to allow us to place these advances in context.
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Tovo-Rodrigues L, Roux A, Hutz MH, Rohde LA, Woods AS. Functional characterization of G-protein-coupled receptors: a bioinformatics approach. Neuroscience 2014; 277:764-79. [PMID: 24997265 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Complex molecular and cellular mechanisms regulate G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). It is suggested that proteins intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) are to play a role in GPCR's intra and extracellular regions plasticity, due to their potential for post-translational modification and interaction with other proteins. These regions are defined as lacking a stable three-dimensional (3D) structure. They are rich in hydrophilic and charged, amino acids and are capable to assume different conformations which allow them to interact with multiple partners. In this study we analyzed 75 GPCR involved in synaptic transmission using computational tools for sequence-based prediction of IDRs within a protein. We also evaluated putative ligand-binding motifs using receptor sequences. The disorder analysis indicated that neurotransmitter GPCRs have a significant amount of disorder in their N-terminus, third intracellular loop (3IL) and C-terminus. About 31%, 39% and 53% of human GPCR involved in synaptic transmission are disordered in these regions. Thirty-three percent of receptors show at least one predicted PEST motif, this being statistically greater than the estimate for the rest of human GPCRs. About 90% of the receptors had at least one putative site for dimerization in their 3IL or C-terminus. ELM instances sampled in these domains were 14-3-3, SH3, SH2 and PDZ motifs. In conclusion, the increased flexibility observed in GPCRs, added to the enrichment of linear motifs, PEST and heteromerization sites, may be critical for the nervous system's functional plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Tovo-Rodrigues
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Structural Biology Unit, Integrative Neuroscience Branch, NIDA IRP, NIH, MD, United States
| | - A Roux
- Structural Biology Unit, Integrative Neuroscience Branch, NIDA IRP, NIH, MD, United States
| | - M H Hutz
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - L A Rohde
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Division, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - A S Woods
- Structural Biology Unit, Integrative Neuroscience Branch, NIDA IRP, NIH, MD, United States.
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Arg347Cys polymorphism of α1a-adrenergic receptor in vasovagal syncope. Case–control study in a Mexican population. Auton Neurosci 2014; 183:66-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Pranke IM, Sermet-Gaudelus I. Biosynthesis of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 52:26-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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