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Hu XH, Chen L, Wu H, Tang YB, Zheng QM, Wei XY, Wei Q, Huang Q, Chen J, Xu X. Cell therapy in end-stage liver disease: replace and remodel. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:141. [PMID: 37231461 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03370-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver disease is prevalent worldwide. When it reaches the end stage, mortality rises to 50% or more. Although liver transplantation has emerged as the most efficient treatment for end-stage liver disease, its application has been limited by the scarcity of donor livers. The lack of acceptable donor organs implies that patients are at high risk while waiting for suitable livers. In this scenario, cell therapy has emerged as a promising treatment approach. Most of the time, transplanted cells can replace host hepatocytes and remodel the hepatic microenvironment. For instance, hepatocytes derived from donor livers or stem cells colonize and proliferate in the liver, can replace host hepatocytes, and restore liver function. Other cellular therapy candidates, such as macrophages and mesenchymal stem cells, can remodel the hepatic microenvironment, thereby repairing the damaged liver. In recent years, cell therapy has transitioned from animal research to early human studies. In this review, we will discuss cell therapy in end-stage liver disease treatment, especially focusing on various cell types utilized for cell transplantation, and elucidate the processes involved. Furthermore, we will also summarize the practical obstacles of cell therapy and offer potential solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Hao Hu
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Lan Chen
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Hao Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yang-Bo Tang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Qiu-Min Zheng
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xu-Yong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Xiao Xu
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
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Clark CM, Jambunathan N, Collantes TMA, Kousoulas KG. Inactivation of the UL37 Deamidase Enhances Virus Replication and Spread of the HSV-1(VC2) Oncolytic Vaccine Strain and Secretion of GM-CSF. Viruses 2023; 15:367. [PMID: 36851581 PMCID: PMC9961126 DOI: 10.3390/v15020367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The HSV-1 (VC2) live-attenuated vaccine strain was engineered with specific deletions in the amino termini of glycoprotein K (gK) and membrane protein UL20, rendering the virus unable to enter neurons and establish latency. VC2 replicates efficiently in epithelial cell culture but produces lower viral titers and smaller viral plaques than its parental HSV-1 (F) wild-type virus. VC2 is an effective live-attenuated vaccine against HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections in mice and guinea pigs and an anti-tumor immunotherapeutic and oncolytic virus against melanoma and breast cancer in mouse models. Previously, we reported that the gK/UL20 complex interacts with the UL37 tegument protein, and this interaction is essential for virion intracellular envelopment and egress. To investigate the potential role of the UL37 deamidase functions, the recombinant virus FC819S and VC2C819S were constructed with a C819S substitution to inactivate the UL37 predicted deamidase active site on an HSV-1(F) and HSV-1(VC2) genetic background, respectively. FC819S replicated to similar levels with HSV-1(F) and produced similar size viral plaques. In contrast, VC2C819S replication was enhanced, and viral plaques increased in size, approaching those of the wild-type HSV-1(F) virus. FC819S infection of cell cultures caused enhanced GM-CSF secretion in comparison to HSV-1(F) across several cell lines, including HEp2 cells and cancer cell lines, DU145 (prostate) and Panc 04.03 (pancreas), and primary mouse peritoneal cells. VC2 infection of these cell lines caused GM-CSF secretion at similar levels to FC819S infection. However, the VC2C819S virus did not exhibit any further enhancement of GM-CSF secretion compared to the VC2 virus. These results suggest that the UL37 deamidation functions in conjunction with the gK/UL20 complex to facilitate virus replication and GM-CSF secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn M. Clark
- Division of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | | | - Therese M. A. Collantes
- Division of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños 4031, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Konstantin G. Kousoulas
- Division of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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Li F, Ma Y, Li X, Zhang D, Han J, Tan D, Mi Y, Yang X, Wang J, Zhu B. Severe persistent mycobacteria antigen stimulation causes lymphopenia through impairing hematopoiesis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1079774. [PMID: 36743311 PMCID: PMC9889370 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1079774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Miliary tubersculosis (TB), an acute systemic blood disseminated tuberculosis mainly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), can cause signs of lymphopenia in clinical patients. To investigate whether/how persistent mycobacteria antigen stimulation impairs hematopoiesis and the therapeutic effect of interleukin-7 (IL-7), a mouse model of Mycobacterium Bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) intravenous infection with/without an additional stimulation with M. tuberculosis multi-antigen cocktail containing ESAT6-CFP10 (EC) and Mtb10.4-HspX (MH) was established. Consistent with what happened in miliary TB, high dose of BCG intravenous infection with/without additional antigen stimulation caused lymphopenia in peripheral blood. In which, the levels of cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α in serum increased, and consequently the expression levels of transcription factors Batf2 and IRF8 involved in myeloid differentiation were up-regulated, while the expression levels of transcription factors GATA2 and NOTCH1 involved in lymphoid commitment were down-regulated, and the proliferating activity of bone marrow (BM) lineage- c-Kit+ (LK) cells decreased. Furthermore, recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus 2-mediated IL-7 (rAAV2-IL-7) treatment could significantly promote the elevation of BM lymphoid progenitors. It suggests that persistent mycobacteria antigen stimulation impaired lymphopoiesis of BM hematopoiesis, which could be restored by complement of IL-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Translation and Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanlin Ma
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Translation and Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Inpatient Ward 1, Lanzhou Pulmonary Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Translation and Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiangyuan Han
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Translation and Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Daquan Tan
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Translation and Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Youjun Mi
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Translation and Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China,Institute of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaojuan Yang
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Translation and Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China,Department of Clinical Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Translation and Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bingdong Zhu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Translation and Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China,State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China,*Correspondence: Bingdong Zhu,
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Cheng Q, Zhang XN, Zhang L, Chen J, Wang Y, Zhang Y. A Poly-ADP-Ribose Polymer-GCSF Conjugate. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:5267-5272. [PMID: 36350184 PMCID: PMC9772087 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Poly-ADP-ribose (PAR) is a naturally occurring form of polymers synthesized through enzymatic reactions catalyzed by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs). It is known for regulating various important cellular signaling pathways and processes. As a water soluble and biocompatible type of polymer, PAR may hold promise for safe and efficient delivery of therapeutics. To explore the therapeutic potential of PAR polymers, we herein generate PAR polymers conjugated with human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) protein by harnessing human PARP1-catalyzed auto-poly-ADP-ribosylation and a clickable analogue of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). The resulting PAR polymer-based conjugate with multivalent GCSF ligands exhibits a potent cell proliferative activity. Notably, mice treated with a single dose of the PAR polymer-GCSF conjugate show sustained high levels of neutrophil in blood for 11 days, demonstrating excellent in vivo efficacy. Functionalized PAR polymers may provide new scaffolds for conjugating with therapeutic proteins or peptides toward improved pharmacological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Xiao-Nan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Yiling Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, Department of Chemistry, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, Research Center for Liver Diseases, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089,
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Calzetti F, Finotti G, Cassatella MA. Current knowledge on the early stages of human neutropoiesis. Immunol Rev 2022; 314:111-124. [PMID: 36484356 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils are no longer considered as a homogeneous population of terminally differentiated and short-lived cells that belong to the innate immune system only. In fact, data from the past decades have uncovered that neutrophils exhibit large phenotypic heterogeneity and functional versatility that render them more plastic than previously thought. Hence, their precise role as effector cells in inflammation, in immune response and in other pathophysiological processes, including tumors, needs to be better evaluated. In such a complex scenario, common knowledge of the differentiation of neutrophils in bone marrow refers to lineage precursors, starting from the still poorly defined myeloblasts, and proceeding sequentially to promyelocytes, myelocytes, metamyelocytes, band cells, segmented neutrophils, and mature neutrophils, with each progenitor stage being more mature and better characterized. Thanks to the development and utilization of cutting-edge technologies, novel information about neutrophil precursors at stages earlier than the promyelocytes, hence closer to the hematopoietic stem cells, is emerging. Accordingly, this review discusses the main findings related to the very early precursors of human neutrophils and provides our perspectives on human neutropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Calzetti
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology University of Verona Verona Italy
| | - Giulia Finotti
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology University of Verona Verona Italy
| | - Marco A. Cassatella
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology University of Verona Verona Italy
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Kernagis DN, Balcer-Kubiczek E, Bazyar S, Orschell CM, Jackson IL. Medical countermeasures for the hematopoietic-subsyndrome of acute radiation syndrome in space. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2022; 35:36-43. [PMID: 36336367 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
More than 50 years after the Apollo missions ended, the National Aeronautical and Space Administration (NASA) and other international space agencies are preparing a return to the moon as a step towards deep space exploration. At doses ranging from a fraction of a Gray (Gy) to a few Gy, crew will be at risk for developing bone marrow failure associated with the hematopoietic subsyndrome of acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS) requiring pharmacological intervention to reduce risk to life and mission completion. Four medical countermeasures (MCM) in the colony stimulating factor class of drugs are now approved for treatment of myelosuppression associated with ARS. When taken in conjunction with antibiotics, fluids, antidiarrheals, antiemetics, antipyretics, and other treatments for symptomatic illness, the likelihood for recovery and mission completion can be greatly improved. The current review describes the performance and health risks of deep space flight, ionizing radiation exposure during crewed missions to the moon and Mars, and U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved medical interventions to treat ARS. With an expansion of human exploration missions beyond low Earth orbit (LEO), including near-term Lunar and future Mars missions, inclusion of MCMs to counteract ARS in the spaceflight kit will be critical for preserving crew health and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn N Kernagis
- Departmenet of Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Elizabeth Balcer-Kubiczek
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201 United States
| | - Soha Bazyar
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201 United States
| | - Christie M Orschell
- Department of a Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202 United States
| | - Isabel L Jackson
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201 United States.
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Interleukin-3-Receptor-α in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC): An Additional Novel Biomarker of TNBC Aggressiveness and a Therapeutic Target. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14163918. [PMID: 36010912 PMCID: PMC9406043 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14163918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Molecular and histological profiling is crucial for biomarker and therapeutic target discovery, for example, in TNBC. We demonstrated that IL-3Rα expression led to the identification of a subgroup of TNBC patients displaying a poor overall survival. Moreover, we refined TNBC molecular annotation and drew a model including IL-3Rα, PD-L1, and genes related to EMT, which finely discriminates cancer aggressiveness. Finally, we first demonstrated that IL-3Rα is instrumental in granting tumour adaptation and progression by reprogramming TNBC cells to form large dysfunctional vessels and reshaping PD-L1 expression in primary tumours and metastases. Therefore, the IL-3/IL-3Rα axis may be proposed as a marker of TNBC aggressiveness, as a novel TNBC therapeutic challenge. Abstract Tumour molecular annotation is mandatory for biomarker discovery and personalised approaches, particularly in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacking effective treatment options. In this study, the interleukin-3 receptor α (IL-3Rα) was investigated as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in TNBC. IL-3Rα expression and patients’ clinical and pathological features were retrospectively analysed in 421 TNBC patients. IL-3Rα was expressed in 69% human TNBC samples, and its expression was associated with nodal metastases (p = 0.026) and poor overall survival (hazard ratio = 1.50; 95% CI = 1.01–2.2; p = 0.04). The bioinformatics analysis on the Breast Invasive Carcinoma dataset of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) proved that IL-3Rα was highly expressed in TNBC compared with luminal breast cancers (p = 0.017, padj = 0.026). Functional studies demonstrated that IL-3Rα activation induced epithelial-to-endothelial and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, promoted large blood lacunae and lung metastasis formation, and increased programmed-cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) in primary tumours and metastases. Based on the TCGA data, IL-3Rα, PD-L1, and EMT coding genes were proposed to discriminate against TNBC aggressiveness (AUC = 0.86 95% CI = 0.82–0.89). Overall, this study identified IL-3Rα as an additional novel biomarker of TNBC aggressiveness and provided the rationale to further investigate its relevance as a therapeutic target.
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Ota M, Makino T. History and the immunostimulatory effects of heat-processed licorice root products with or without honey. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 292:115108. [PMID: 35189279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In traditional Chinese medicine, the dried root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. (licorice root) is usually used after stir-baked with honey. However, in Japanese traditional Kampo medicine, processed licorice root is prepared by roasting without honey. AIM OF THE STUDY We summarized our previous studies on the processed licorice root products to review the effectiveness of the processing for licorice root. MATERIALS AND METHODS We summarized our previous studies about processed licorice root. The first report was about investigating the successive literatures of traditional medicine in China and Japan about the processing of licorice root. Next was the report about chemically analyzing for prepared various kinds of processed licorice root samples. The last reports were evaluating in vitro effects of the extracts of these samples and heated honey on granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) secretion in cultured intestinal epithelial cells. RESULTS Before the Song dynasty in mainland China, the processing of licorice root for the internal usage had been roasted without any drug adjuvants. Then, clinicians had also used honey-roasted licorice to treat throat pain since the Song dynasty, and honey-roasted licorice has been used as the substitute to roasted licorice since the end of the Qing dynasty. While the descriptions using honey have been disappeared in 18th century in Japan. We found that the conversion between liquiritigenin and isoliquiritigenin or between liquiritin and isoliquiritin in licorice root by heating was accelerated by using honey as drug adjuvant. The inducible effect of G-CSF of licorice root was not augmented by roasting, but significantly augmented by stir-baked with honey. Heated honey also had this activity, and isomaltose contributed the appearance of this activity among the constituents in honey. The best activity was appeared when isomaltose was heated at 180 °C for 60 min or at 200 °C for 15-30 min, and the average molecular weight of the active product was 790 kDa. CONCLUSIONS By our previous studies, we believe that the processing method in China is better than that in Japan for licorice root, since the immunostimulatory effects are appeared in honey used as drug adjuvant when honey is heated. Among the ingredients of honey, isomaltose can be used as the marker compound to choose a conforming honey product for the processing of licorice root.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misato Ota
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan.
| | - Toshiaki Makino
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan.
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Ding K, Tabuchi Y, Makino T. Effect of steam-processing of the Panax ginseng root on its inducible activity on granulocyte-colony stimulating factor secretion in intestinal epithelial cells in vitro. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 287:114927. [PMID: 34954265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Panax ginseng root has been used as tonic in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and traditional Japanese Kampo medicine. Steam processing of Panax ginseng root is carried out to enhance its nourishing effects on qi. AIM OF THE STUDY In order to explore the mechanism of these beneficial effects behind the steam processing of the P. ginseng root, we evaluated effectiveness of processing on the granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) secretion in intestinal epithelial cell-like MCE301 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS We collected P. ginseng root samples in the markets of China and Japan. Fresh or dried samples were steamed for different time lengths and subsequently dried and extracted. MCE301 cells were incubated with the medium containing various P. ginseng root extracts, while the concentration of G-CSF in the medium was measured. We also investigated the active ingredients by size exclusion HPLC. RESULTS The extracts of fresh P. ginseng hairy root samples steamed for more than 6 h significantly induced G-CSF secretion, and the maximum activity was recorded at a 9-h steaming. The same activity was noted when already dried P. ginseng hairy root samples were steamed. The extracts of fresh P. ginseng hairy root without steam processing and those of fresh P. ginseng root body samples with steam processing exhibited no activities. The active ingredients of steamed P. ginseng hairy root samples were high-molecular-weight compounds with an average molecular weight of 758 kDa, and the activity was mediated by the toll-like receptor (TLR) 9. CONCLUSIONS Our results shed on more light on the mechanism underlying the appearance of immunostimulatory activity of the P. ginseng hairy root induced by steam processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewen Ding
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.
| | - Yoshiaki Tabuchi
- Division of Molecular Genetics Research, Life Science Research Center, Toyama University, 2630, Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Toshiaki Makino
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.
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Zeng S, Peng Y, Ma J, Ge Y, Huang Y, Xie S, Yuan W, Lu C, Zhang H, Luo Q, Liao X, Lu H. Hematopoietic stem cell and immunotoxicity in zebrafish embryos induced by exposure to Metalaxyl-M. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 809:152102. [PMID: 34863748 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metalaxyl-M (MM), a protective and therapeutic fungicide, has been shown to be a promising candidate, but its toxicity toward aquatic organisms is unknown. In this study, we evaluated for the first time the immunotoxicity of MM in zebrafish embryos. Phenotypes (heart rate, body length, and yolk area) and the number of neutrophils, macrophages, and T cells in the thymus were analyzed in zebrafish embryo after exposure to MM. Our results showed that zebrafish embryos exposed to MM showed a concentration-dependent increase in the yolk area and a significant decrease in the number of neutrophils, macrophages, and thymus T cells. We detected upregulated expression of related immune signaling genes, such as tnfa, nfkb3, cxcl-c1c, il6, mmp9, and tgfb1. Additionally, we observed a significant decrease in HSCs in zebrafish larvae after exposure to MM. IWR-1 could restore the number of neutrophils and macrophages after exposure to MM. The results indicated that MM exerted developmental toxicity and immunotoxicity to zebrafish embryos, and these phenomena may be caused by MM's regulation of WNT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwen Zeng
- Ganzhou Cancer Hospital-Gannan Normal School Joint Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yuyang Peng
- Ganzhou Cancer Hospital-Gannan Normal School Joint Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jinze Ma
- Ganzhou Cancer Hospital-Gannan Normal School Joint Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yurui Ge
- Ganzhou Cancer Hospital-Gannan Normal School Joint Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Ganzhou Cancer Hospital-Gannan Normal School Joint Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shuling Xie
- Ganzhou Cancer Hospital-Gannan Normal School Joint Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Ganzhou Cancer Hospital-Gannan Normal School Joint Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chen Lu
- Ganzhou Cancer Hospital-Gannan Normal School Joint Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Ganzhou Cancer Hospital-Gannan Normal School Joint Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qiang Luo
- Ganzhou Cancer Hospital-Gannan Normal School Joint Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xinjun Liao
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, China
| | - Huiqiang Lu
- Ganzhou Cancer Hospital-Gannan Normal School Joint Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, China.
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11
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Signaling Pathways That Regulate Normal and Aberrant Red Blood Cell Development. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12101646. [PMID: 34681039 PMCID: PMC8536016 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood cell development is regulated through intrinsic gene regulation and local factors including the microenvironment and cytokines. The differentiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) into mature erythrocytes is dependent on these cytokines binding to and stimulating their cognate receptors and the signaling cascades they initiate. Many of these pathways include kinases that can diversify signals by phosphorylating multiple substrates and amplify signals by phosphorylating multiple copies of each substrate. Indeed, synthesis of many of these cytokines is regulated by a number of signaling pathways including phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-, extracellular signal related kinases (ERK)-, and p38 kinase-dependent pathways. Therefore, kinases act both upstream and downstream of the erythropoiesis-regulating cytokines. While many of the cytokines are well characterized, the nuanced members of the network of kinases responsible for appropriate induction of, and response to, these cytokines remains poorly defined. Here, we will examine the kinase signaling cascades required for erythropoiesis and emphasize the importance, complexity, enormous amount remaining to be characterized, and therapeutic potential that will accompany our comprehensive understanding of the erythroid kinome in both healthy and diseased states.
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12
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Xie Z, Xiang C, Li X, Fan C, Chen T, Liu M, Ma Y, Bai F, Tang W, Hu Y. Discovery of Potent Antiallergic Agents Based on an o-Aminopyridinyl Alkynyl Scaffold. J Med Chem 2021; 64:13588-13603. [PMID: 34476950 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Effective therapeutic agents are highly desired for immune-mediated allergic diseases. Herein, we report the design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship of an o-aminopyridinyl alkyne series as novel orally bioavailable antiallergic agents, which was identified through phenotypic screening. Compound optimization yielded a highly potent compound 36, which effectively suppressed mast cell degranulation in a dose-dependent manner (IC50, 2.54 nM for RBL-2H3 cells; 48.28 nM for peritoneal mast cells (PMCs)) with a good therapeutic index. It also regulated the activation of FcεRI-mediated downstream signaling proteins in IgE/Ag-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells. In addition, 36 exhibited excellent in vivo pharmacokinetic properties and antiallergic efficacy in both passive systemic anaphylaxis (PSA) and house dust mite (HDM)-induced murine models of pulmonary allergic inflammation. Furthermore, preliminary analysis of the kinases profile identified Src-family kinases as potential targets for 36. Compound 36 may serve as a new valuable lead compound for future antiallergic drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 555 Zu-Chong-Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Caigui Xiang
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 555 Zu-Chong-Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chen Fan
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Taiwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 555 Zu-Chong-Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Moting Liu
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yanjie Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 555 Zu-Chong-Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fang Bai
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Youhong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 555 Zu-Chong-Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
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13
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Model Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia: New Perspectives for Preclinical Research. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092335. [PMID: 34571984 PMCID: PMC8465353 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) is a malignant myeloproliferative disorder arising in infants and young children. The origin of this neoplasm is attributed to an early deregulation of the Ras signaling pathway in multipotent hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Since JMML is notoriously refractory to conventional cytostatic therapy, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation remains the mainstay of curative therapy for most cases. However, alternative therapeutic approaches with small epigenetic molecules have recently entered the stage and show surprising efficacy at least in specific subsets of patients. Hence, the establishment of preclinical models to test novel agents is a priority. Induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSCs) offer an opportunity to imitate JMML ex vivo, after attempts to generate immortalized cell lines from primary JMML material have largely failed in the past. Several research groups have previously generated patient-derived JMML IPSCs and successfully differentiated these into myeloid cells with extensive phenotypic similarities to primary JMML cells. With infinite self-renewal and the capability to differentiate into multiple cell types, JMML IPSCs are a promising resource to advance the development of treatment modalities targeting specific vulnerabilities. This review discusses current reprogramming techniques for JMML stem/progenitor cells, related clinical applications, and the challenges involved.
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14
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Construction of Recombinant Human GM-CSF and GM-CSF-ApoA-I Fusion Protein and Evaluation of Their Biological Activity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14050459. [PMID: 34068113 PMCID: PMC8152757 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, two strains of the yeast P. pastoris were constructed, one of which produced authentic recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (ryGM-CSF), and the other was a chimera consisting of ryGM-CSF genetically fused with mature human apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) (ryGM-CSF-ApoA-I). Both forms of the cytokine were secreted into the culture medium. The proteins’ yield during cultivation in flasks was 100 and 60 mg/L for ryGM-CSF and ryGM-CSF-ApoA-I, respectively. Both forms of recombinant GM-CSF stimulated the proliferation of human TF-1 erythroleukemia cells; however, the amount of chimera required was 10-fold that of authentic GM-CSF to induce a similar proliferative effect. RyGM-CSF exhibited a 2-fold proliferative effect on BFU-E (burst-forming units—erythroid) at a concentration 1.7 fold less than non-glycosylated E. coli-derived GM-CSF. The chimera together with authentic ryGM-CSF increased the number of both erythroid precursors and BMC granulocytes after 48 h of incubation of human bone marrow cells (BMCs). In addition, the chimeric form of ryGM-CSF was more effective at increasing the viability of the total amount of BMCs, decreasing apoptosis compared to the authentic form. ryGM-CSF-ApoA-I normalized the proliferation, maturation, and segmentation of neutrophils within the physiological norm, preserving the pool of blast cells under conditions of impaired granulopoiesis. The chimera form of GM-CSF exhibited the properties of a multilinear growth factor, modulating the activity of GM-CSF and, perhaps, it may be more suitable for the normalization of granulopoiesis.
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15
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Kedarisetty CK, Kumar A, Sarin SK. Insights into the Role of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor in Severe Alcoholic Hepatitis. Semin Liver Dis 2021; 41:67-78. [PMID: 33764486 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1719177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder is the predominant cause of chronic liver disease globally. The standard of care for the treatment of alcoholic hepatitis, corticosteroids, has been shown to provide a therapeutic response in ∼60% of carefully selected patients with a short-term survival benefit. The patients who do not respond to steroids, or are ineligible due to infections or very severe disease, have little options other than liver transplantation. There is, thus, a large unmet need for new therapeutic strategies for this large and sick group of patients. Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been shown to favorably modulate the intrahepatic immune milieu and stimulate the regenerative potential of the liver. Initial studies have shown encouraging results with G-CSF in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis. It has also been found to help steroid nonresponsive patients. There is, however, a need for careful selection of patients, regular dose monitoring and close observation for adverse events of G-CSF. In this review, we analyze the basis of the potential benefits, clinical studies, cautions and challenges in the use of G-CSF in alcoholic hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Kumar Kedarisetty
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India.,Department of Hepatology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anupam Kumar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shiv Kumar Sarin
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
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16
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Gardell JL, Matsumoto LR, Chinn H, DeGolier KR, Kreuser SA, Prieskorn B, Balcaitis S, Davis A, Ellenbogen RG, Crane CA. Human macrophages engineered to secrete a bispecific T cell engager support antigen-dependent T cell responses to glioblastoma. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:jitc-2020-001202. [PMID: 33122397 PMCID: PMC7597484 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeted and effective treatment options are needed for solid tumors, including glioblastoma (GBM), where survival rates with standard treatments are typically less than 2 years from diagnosis. Solid tumors pose many barriers to immunotherapies, including therapy half-life and persistence, tumor penetrance, and targeting. Therapeutics delivered systemically may not traffic to the tumor site. If cellular therapies or drugs are able to access the tumor site, or can be delivered directly within the tumor, treatments may not persist for the duration necessary to reduce or eliminate tumor burden. An approach that allows durable and titratable local therapeutic protein delivery could improve antitumor efficacy while minimizing toxicities or unwanted on-target, off-tissue effects. METHODS In this study, human monocyte-derived macrophages were genetically engineered to secrete a bispecific T cell engager (BiTE) specific to the mutated epidermal growth factor variant III (EGFRvIII) expressed by some GBM tumors. We investigated the ability of lentivirally modified macrophages to secrete a functional BiTE that can bind target tumor antigen and activate T cells. Secreted BiTE protein was assayed in a range of T cell functional assays in vitro and in subcutaneous and intracranial GBM xenograft models. Finally, we tested genetically engineered macrophages (GEMs) secreting BiTE and the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-12 to amplify T cell responses in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Transduced human macrophages secreted a lentivirally encoded functional EGFRvIII-targeted BiTE protein capable of inducing T cell activation, proliferation, degranulation, and killing of antigen-specific tumor cells. Furthermore, BiTE secreting macrophages reduced early tumor burden in both subcutaneous and intracranial mouse models of GBM, a response which was enhanced using macrophages that were dual transduced to secrete both the BiTE protein and single chain IL-12, preventing tumor growth in an aggressive GBM model. CONCLUSIONS The ability of macrophages to infiltrate and persist in solid tumor tissue could overcome many of the obstacles associated with systemic delivery of immunotherapies. We have found that human GEMs can locally and constitutively express one or more therapeutic proteins, which may help recruit T cells and transform the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment to better support antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Gardell
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lisa R Matsumoto
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Harrison Chinn
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kole R DeGolier
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Shannon A Kreuser
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Brooke Prieskorn
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Stephanie Balcaitis
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Amira Davis
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Richard G Ellenbogen
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Courtney A Crane
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA .,Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Mozart Therapeutics, Seattle, WA, USE
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17
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Advantages of adipose tissue stem cells over CD34 + mobilization to decrease hepatic fibrosis in Wistar rats. Ann Hepatol 2020; 18:620-626. [PMID: 31147180 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Chronic liver inflammation may lead to hepatic cirrhosis, limiting its regenerative capacity. The clinical standard of care is transplantation, although stem cell therapy may be an alternative option. The study aim was to induce endogenous hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) with granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and/or intravenous administration of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to decrease hepatic fibrosis in an experimental model. MATERIAL AND METHODS A liver fibrosis model was developed with female Wistar rats via multiple intraperitoneal doses of carbon tetrachloride. Three rats were selected to confirm cirrhosis, and the rest were set into experimental groups to evaluate single and combined therapies of G-CSF-stimulated HSC mobilization and intravenous MSC administration. RESULTS Treatment with MSCs and G-CSF significantly improved alanine amino transferase levels, while treatment with G-CSF, MSCs, and G-CSF+MSCs decreased aspartate amino transferase levels. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and interleukin 10 levels increased with MSC treatment. Transforming growth factor β levels were lower with MSC treatment. Interleukin 1β and tumor necrosis factor alpha levels decreased in all treated groups. Histopathology showed that MSCs and G-CSF reduced liver fibrosis from F4 to F2. CONCLUSIONS MSC treatment improves liver function, decreases hepatic fibrosis, and plays an anti-inflammatory role; it promotes HGF levels and increased proliferating cell nuclear antigen when followed by MSC treatment mobilization using G-CSF. When these therapies were combined, however, fibrosis improvement was less evident.
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18
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Wu L, Saxena S, Singh RK. Neutrophils in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1224:1-20. [PMID: 32036601 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-35723-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are the first responders to inflammation, infection, and injury. As one of the most abundant leukocytes in the immune system, neutrophils play an essential role in cancer progression, through multiple mechanisms, including promoting angiogenesis, immunosuppression, and cancer metastasis. Recent studies demonstrating elevated neutrophil to lymphocyte ratios suggest neutrophil as a potential therapeutic target and biomarker for disease status in cancer. This chapter will discuss the phenotypic and functional changes in the neutrophil in the tumor microenvironment, the underlying mechanism(s) of neutrophil facilitated cancer metastasis, and clinical potential of neutrophils as a prognostic/diagnostic marker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Wu
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sugandha Saxena
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Rakesh K Singh
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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19
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de Rezende MM, Ng-Blichfeldt JP, Justo GZ, Paredes-Gamero EJ, Gosens R. Divergent effects of Wnt5b on IL-3- and GM-CSF-induced myeloid differentiation. Cell Signal 2019; 67:109507. [PMID: 31857239 PMCID: PMC7116107 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The multiple specialized cell types of the hematopoietic system originate from differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells and progenitors (HSPC), which can generate both lymphoid and myeloid lineages. The myeloid lineage is preferentially maintained during ageing, but the mechanisms that contribute to this process are incompletely understood. Here, we studied the roles of Wnt5a and Wnt5b, ligands that have previously been linked to hematopoietic stem cell ageing and that are abundantly expressed by both hematopoietic progenitors and bone-marrow derived niche cells. Whereas Wnt5a had no major effects on primitive cell differentiation, Wnt5b had profound and divergent effects on cytokine-induced myeloid differentiation. Remarkably, while IL-3- mediated myeloid differentiation was largely repressed by Wnt5b, GM-CSF-induced myeloid differentiation was augmented. Furthermore, in the presence of IL-3, Wnt5b enhanced HSPC self-renewal, whereas in the presence ofGM-CSF, Wnt5b accelerated differentiation, leading to progenitor cell exhaustion. Our results highlight discrepancies between IL-3 and GM-CSF, and reveal novel effects of Wnt5b on the hematopoietic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Mastelaro de Rezende
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04044-020, Brazil; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713AV, Netherlands
| | - John-Poul Ng-Blichfeldt
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713AV, Netherlands; MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Giselle Zenker Justo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04044-020, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema 09913-030, Brazil
| | - Edgar Julian Paredes-Gamero
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04044-020, Brazil; Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Reinoud Gosens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713AV, Netherlands.
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20
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Ota M, Nakazaki J, Tabuchi Y, Ono T, Makino T. Historical and pharmacological studies on rehmannia root processing- Trends in usage and comparison of the immunostimulatory effects of its products with or without steam processing and pretreatment with liquor. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 242:112059. [PMID: 31279866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The dried root of Rehmannia glutinosa (RR) is a crude drug used in traditional Japanese Kampo medicine and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Sometimes, the crude drug is subjected to additional processing before use. AIM OF THE STUDY To determine the effects of steam processing and pretreatment with liquor of RR through historical investigation, analytical chemistry, and pharmacological experiments. MATERIALS AND METHODS We inspected TCM literature from the Later Han Dynasty to the present day. Dried RR steamed for 3, 6, 9, or 12 h (steamed RRs, SRRs), dried RR soaked in yellow rice wine (liquor) (liquor-RR), and dried RR steamed for 6 h pretreated with liquor (liquor-SRR) were prepared. These samples were extracted using boiling water, and the inducible effects of the extracts on granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) secretion in cultured enterocytes and the content of their marker compounds were evaluated by using HPLC. RESULTS The effect of processing using both steaming and the pretreatment using liquor described in TCM literature over different eras was to enhance the warming effect and tonifying qi (energy) of RR. We found that SRR, processed by pretreatment with liquor, became mainstream since the Qing Dynasty. In SRR, stachyose content was decreased and fructose and manninotriose contents were increased with steaming time. However, the content of these compounds was not altered by pretreatment with liquor. RR extract induced G-CSF secretion in cultured enterocytes; moreover, the SRR extract steamed for more than 6 h had significantly stronger effects than that RR. Pretreatment with liquor did not cause any significant differences in the effects of RR or SRR. CONCLUSIONS The aim of processing for RR by both steaming and pretreatment with liquor in TCM literature over different eras was to enhance the tonifying effect on qi and its immunostimulatory effect. Although the effect of RR on the induction of G-CSF secretion in intestinal epithelial cells was enhanced by steaming, this enhancement was not enhanced by the pretreatment with liquor. These results provide scientific support for steaming, but could not elucidate a reason for pretreatment with liquor in TCM theory.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Cell Line
- Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor/metabolism
- History, 15th Century
- History, 16th Century
- History, 17th Century
- History, 18th Century
- History, 19th Century
- History, 20th Century
- History, 21st Century
- History, Medieval
- Medicine, Chinese Traditional/history
- Medicine, Kampo/history
- Mice
- Plant Preparations/pharmacology
- Plant Preparations/therapeutic use
- Plant Roots
- Rehmannia
- Steam
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Affiliation(s)
- Misato Ota
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan.
| | - Junko Nakazaki
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan.
| | - Yoshiaki Tabuchi
- Division of Molecular Genetics Research, Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, 2630, Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Takahiko Ono
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan.
| | - Toshiaki Makino
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan.
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Dougan M, Dranoff G, Dougan SK. GM-CSF, IL-3, and IL-5 Family of Cytokines: Regulators of Inflammation. Immunity 2019; 50:796-811. [PMID: 30995500 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The β common chain cytokines GM-CSF, IL-3, and IL-5 regulate varied inflammatory responses that promote the rapid clearance of pathogens but also contribute to pathology in chronic inflammation. Therapeutic interventions manipulating these cytokines are approved for use in some cancers as well as allergic and autoimmune disease, and others show promising early clinical activity. These approaches are based on our understanding of the inflammatory roles of these cytokines; however, GM-CSF also participates in the resolution of inflammation, and IL-3 and IL-5 may also have such properties. Here, we review the functions of the β common cytokines in health and disease. We discuss preclinical and clinical data, highlighting the potential inherent in targeting these cytokine pathways, the limitations, and the important gaps in understanding of the basic biology of this cytokine family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dougan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Glenn Dranoff
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Stephanie K Dougan
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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22
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Malsin ES, Kim S, Lam AP, Gottardi CJ. Macrophages as a Source and Recipient of Wnt Signals. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1813. [PMID: 31417574 PMCID: PMC6685136 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are often viewed through the lens of their core functions, but recent transcriptomic studies reveal them to be largely distinct across tissue types. While these differences appear to be shaped by their local environment, the key signals that drive these transcriptional differences remain unclear. Since Wnt signaling plays established roles in cell fate decisions, and tissue patterning during development and tissue repair after injury, we consider evidence that Wnt signals both target and are affected by macrophage functions. We propose that the Wnt gradients present in developing and adult tissues effectively shape macrophage fates and phenotypes. We also highlight evidence that macrophages, through an ability to dispatch Wnt signals, may couple tissue debridement and matrix remodeling with stem cell activation and tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Malsin
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Seokjo Kim
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Anna P Lam
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Cara J Gottardi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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Soysa NS, Alles N. The role of IL-3 in bone. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:6851-6859. [PMID: 30320936 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In the recent past, there has been a burgeoning interest in targeting cytokines such as IL-3 for specific disease conditions of bone such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple myeloma. Unlike other cytokines, IL-3 is a cytokine with a multilineage potential and broad spectrum of target cells and it plays a vital role in hematopoiesis. Due to its common receptor subunit, the action of IL-3 shows functional redundancy with other cytokines such as the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and IL-5. IL-3 has been successfully used in ameliorating radiation-induced bone marrow aplasia and similar conditions. However, the role of IL-3 in bone cells has not been fully unraveled yet; therefore, the aim of this overview is to present the effects of IL-3 in bone with a special emphasis on osteoclasts and osteoblasts in a concise manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neil Alles
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
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Tumor-Associated Neutrophils in Cancer: Going Pro. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040564. [PMID: 31010242 PMCID: PMC6520693 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The progression of cancer is not only about the tumor cell itself, but also about other involved players including cancer cell recruited immune cells, their released pro-inflammatory factors, and the extracellular matrix. These players constitute the tumor microenvironment and play vital roles in the cancer progression. Neutrophils—the most abundant white blood cells in the circulation system—constitute a significant part of the tumor microenvironment. Neutrophils play major roles linking inflammation and cancer and are actively involved in progression and metastasis. Additionally, recent data suggest that neutrophils could be considered one of the emerging targets for multiple cancer types. This review summarizes the most recent updates regarding neutrophil recruitments and functions in the tumor microenvironment as well as potential development of neutrophils-targeted putative therapeutic strategies.
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Park SR, Cho A, Kim JW, Lee HY, Hong IS. A Novel Endogenous Damage Signal, CSF-2, Activates Multiple Beneficial Functions of Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Mol Ther 2019; 27:1087-1100. [PMID: 30962162 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The major challenges of current mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapeutics are their low differentiation potential into specialized cell types and their homing ability to sites of injury. Therefore, many researchers have directed their efforts toward finding a novel stimulatory factor that can significantly enhance the therapeutic effects of MSCs. Colony-stimulating factor 2 (CSF-2) is previously known as a hematopoietic growth factor involved in the differentiation of various myeloid cells from hematopoietic progenitor cells. In addition to this canonical hematopoietic function, we identified for the first time that CSF-2 is actively secreted by stem cells, in response to various types of injuries, as an endogenous damage signal that promotes the therapeutic effects of MSCs by enhancing their multi-lineage differentiation and migratory capacities, possibly through its receptor CD116. Our results also revealed that CSF-2 exerts its stimulatory effects on MSCs via PI3K/Akt- and/or FAK/ERK1/2-signaling pathways. More importantly, we also found that MSCs stimulated with CSF-2 show markedly enhanced differentiation and migratory capacities and subsequent in vivo therapeutic effects in an endometrial ablation animal model. Collectively, our findings provide compelling evidence for a novel non-hematopoietic function of CSF-2 in promoting multiple beneficial functions of MSCs via a non-canonical mechanism as an endogenous damage signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Ra Park
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Ara Cho
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Wan Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Yong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Jungwon University, 85 Goesan-eup, Munmu-ro, Goesan-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do 367-700, Republic of Korea.
| | - In-Sun Hong
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea.
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Ota M, Ishiuchi K, Xu X, Minami M, Nagachi Y, Yagi-Utsumi M, Tabuchi Y, Cai SQ, Makino T. The immunostimulatory effects and chemical characteristics of heated honey. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 228:11-17. [PMID: 30218810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), honey has been used as an additive in the heat-processing of herbal medicines to enhance their immunostimulatory activities. AIM OF THE STUDY We investigated the immunostimulatory activity of heated honey in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS For the in vitro study, we compared the differences among the inducible effects of honey subjected to various heating conditions on granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) secretion from the cultured enterocytes and investigated the active ingredient. For the in vivo study, we conducted a survival test of mice infected by Streptococcus pyogenes with and without oral administration of heated honey. RESULTS We found that heating the honey induced the appearance of G-CSF secretions from the cultured enterocytes, and that this appearance depended on the heating temperature and time. No G-CSF secretions appeared when honey was not heated. Mice infected with Streptococcus pyogenes that were fed heated honey revealed prolonged survival. The active ingredient in heated honey was a high-molecular compound with about 730 kDa. When this compound was hydrolyzed, galactose, glucose, rhamnose, α-ribofuranose β-ribofuranose 1,5':1',5-dianhydride, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural were generated. CONCLUSIONS Heated honey reveals immunostimulatory activity both in vitro and in vivo. These results support the scientific evidences of the TCM theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misato Ota
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Kan'ichiro Ishiuchi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Masaaki Minami
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University,1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Nagachi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Maho Yagi-Utsumi
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS) and Institue for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tabuchi
- Division of Molecular Genetics Research, Life Science Research Center, Toyama University, 2630, Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Shao-Qing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Toshiaki Makino
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan.
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Al Sayed MF, Amrein MA, Bührer ED, Huguenin AL, Radpour R, Riether C, Ochsenbein AF. T-cell–Secreted TNFα Induces Emergency Myelopoiesis and Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Differentiation in Cancer. Cancer Res 2018; 79:346-359. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-3026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Nguyen AB, Lourenço L, Chung BB, Imamura T, Rodgers D, Besser SA, Murks C, Riley T, Powers J, Raikhelkar J, Kalantari S, Sarswat N, Jeevanandam V, Kim G, Sayer G, Uriel N. Increase in short-term risk of rejection in heart transplant patients receiving granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. J Heart Lung Transplant 2018; 37:1322-1328. [PMID: 30174163 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutropenia is a significant adverse event after heart transplantation (HT) and increases infection risk. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is commonly used in patients with neutropenia. In this work, we assessed the adverse effects of G-CSF treatment in the setting of a university hospital. METHODS Data on HT patients from January 2008 to July 2016 were reviewed. Patients who received G-CSF were identified and compared with patients without a history of therapy. Baseline characteristics, rejection episodes, and outcomes were collected. Data were analyzed by incidence rates, time to rejection and survival were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves, and odds ratios were generated using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Two hundred twenty-two HT patients were studied and 40 (18%) received G-CSF for a total of 85 total neutropenic events (0.79 event/patient year). There were no differences in baseline characteristics between the groups. In the 3 months after G-CSF, the incidence rate of rejection was 0.067 event/month. In all other time periods considered free of G-CSF effect, the incidence rate was 0.011 event/month. This rate was similar to the overall incidence rate in the non-GCSF group, which was 0.010 event/month. There was a significant difference between the incidence rates in the G-CSF group at 0 to 3 months after G-CSF administration and the non-GCSF group (p = 0.04), but not for the other time periods (p = 0.5). Freedom from rejection in the 3 months after G-CSF administration was 87.5% compared with 97.5% in the non-GCSF group (p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS G-CSF administration was found to be associated with significant short-term risk of rejection. This suggests the need for increased surveillance during this time period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann B Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
| | - Laura Lourenço
- Department of Pharmacy Services, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ben Bow Chung
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Teruhiko Imamura
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniel Rodgers
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Stephanie A Besser
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Catherine Murks
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Tiana Riley
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - JoDel Powers
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jayant Raikhelkar
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sara Kalantari
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nitasha Sarswat
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Valluvan Jeevanandam
- Department of Surgery, Section of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Gene Kim
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Gabriel Sayer
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nir Uriel
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Chiarugi V, Dello Sbarba P, Magnelli L, Chiarugi P, Pacini S, Ruggiero M. Cytokine Receptor Signal Transduction Mechanisms in Immuno-Hematopoietic Cells. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 79:92-9. [PMID: 8394037 DOI: 10.1177/030089169307900202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Novel aspects of cytokine receptor signal transduction are discussed and cytokine receptors classified based on ligand-dependent signalling. An introductory section presents an overview of the role of cytokines in hematopoiesis. A brief explanation of basic concepts, such as redundancy, pleiotropy, synergism, etc., important for the understanding of cell response to cytokines, is also included. Three of five classes of receptors show the involvement of tyrosine kinase activity as the key step in signal transduction. The importance of tyrosine phosphorylation in cellular response to cytokines is pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Chiarugi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Florence
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30
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Otani K, Niwa Y, Suzuki T, Sato N, Sasazawa Y, Dohmae N, Simizu S. Regulation of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor-mediated granulocytic differentiation by C-mannosylation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 498:466-472. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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31
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Ota M, Nagachi Y, Ishiuchi K, Tabuchi Y, Xu F, Shang MY, Cai SQ, Makino T. Comparison of the inducible effects of licorice products with or without heat-processing and pre-treatment with honey on granulocyte colony-stimulating factor secretion in cultured enterocytes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 214:1-7. [PMID: 29203272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Licorice (the roots and rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.) is occasionally used as crude drug following processing including roasting or honey-roasting (soaking with honey before roasting) in traditional Japanese Kampo medicine and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). AIM OF THE STUDY We investigated the differences in the inducible effect of processed licorice products on granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) secretion in cultured intestinal epithelial cells and elucidated the active ingredients in both unprocessed and processed licorice products. MATERIALS AND METHODS We prepared heat-processed licorice with or without pretreatment with honey, and fractionated the extracts by Sephadex G-100. Enterocyte-like differentiated MCE301 cells were incubated in media comprising a hot water extract of licorice products for 24h, and the concentrations of G-CSF in the media were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Licorice extract induced G-CSF secretion in MCE301 cells, and the active ingredients of licorice were high molecular compounds. Although the roasted licorice extract exhibited the activity similar to that of the unprocessed licorice extract, honey-roasted licorice extracts exhibited a significantly higher inducible effect on G-CSF secretion in the cells than that of unprocessed or roasted licorice extracts without pretreatment with honey. This enhanced activity was dependent on the temperature and heating time. CONCLUSIONS The enhanced inducible effect of honey-roasted licorice on G-CSF secretion might be attributed to the combined effect of licorice-derived high molecular compounds and heated-honey-derived compounds. The results of this study can scientifically explain the objective of processing via honey-roasting in TCM theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misato Ota
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Nagachi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Kan'ichiro Ishiuchi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tabuchi
- Division of Molecular Genetics Research, Life Science Research Center, Toyama University, 2630, Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Feng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ming-Ying Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shao-Qing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Toshiaki Makino
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan.
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Pfeiffer J, Tarbashevich K, Bandemer J, Palm T, Raz E. Rapid progression through the cell cycle ensures efficient migration of primordial germ cells - The role of Hsp90. Dev Biol 2018; 436:84-93. [PMID: 29477339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish primordial germ cells (PGCs) constitute a useful in vivo model to study cell migration and to elucidate the role of specific proteins in this process. Here we report on the role of the heat shock protein Hsp90aa1.2, a protein whose RNA level is elevated in the PGCs during their migration. Reducing Hsp90aa1.2 activity slows down the progression through the cell cycle and leads to defects in the control over the MTOC number in the migrating cells. These defects result in a slower migration rate and compromise the arrival of PGCs at their target, the region where the gonad develops. Our results emphasize the importance of ensuring rapid progression through the cell cycle during single-cell migration and highlight the role of heat shock proteins in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Pfeiffer
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Katsiaryna Tarbashevich
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jan Bandemer
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Palm
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Erez Raz
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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Current Perspectives Regarding Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Liver Cirrhosis. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 2018:4197857. [PMID: 29670867 PMCID: PMC5833156 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4197857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cirrhosis is a major cause of mortality and a common end of various progressive liver diseases. Since the effective treatment is currently limited to liver transplantation, stem cell-based therapy as an alternative has attracted interest due to promising results from preclinical and clinical studies. However, there is still much to be understood regarding the precise mechanisms of action. A number of stem cells from different origins have been employed for hepatic regeneration with different degrees of success. The present review presents a synopsis of stem cell research for the treatment of patients with liver cirrhosis according to the stem cell type. Clinical trials to date are summarized briefly. Finally, issues to be resolved and future perspectives are discussed with regard to clinical applications.
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Li R, Zhou Y, Cao Z, Liu L, Wang J, Chen Z, Xing W, Chen S, Bai J, Yuan W, Cheng T, Xu M, Yang FC, Zhao Z. TET2 Loss Dysregulates the Behavior of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Accelerates Tet2 -/--Driven Myeloid Malignancy Progression. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 10:166-179. [PMID: 29290626 PMCID: PMC5768963 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
TET2 is a methylcytosine dioxygenase that regulates cytosine hydroxymethylation. Although there are extensive data implicating a pivotal role of TET2 in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), the importance of TET2 in bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) remains unknown. In this study, we show that loss of TET2 in BMSCs increases cell proliferation and self-renewal and enhances osteoblast differentiation potential of BMSCs, which may in turn alter their behavior in supporting HSPC proliferation and differentiation. In addition, Tet2 loss alters BMSCs in promoting Tet2-deficiency-mediated myeloid malignancy progression. Tet2 loss in BMSCs also dysregulates hydroxylation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and the expression of genes that are key for BMSC proliferation and osteoblast differentiation, leading to alteration of biological characteristics in vivo. These results highlight the critical role of TET2 in the maintenance of BMSC functions and osteoblast differentiation and provide evidence that dysregulation of epigenetic modifiers in BMSCs contributes to the progression of myeloid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Zeng Cao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Jinhuan Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Zizhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Wen Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Shi Chen
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Jie Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Weiping Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Mingjiang Xu
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Feng-Chun Yang
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China.
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Truong MD, Choi BH, Kim YJ, Kim MS, Min BH. Granulocyte macrophage - colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) significantly enhances articular cartilage repair potential by microfracture. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2017; 25:1345-1352. [PMID: 28284999 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) can be used to increase the number of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in blood clots formed by microfracture arthroplasty (MFX) and whether it can improve the therapeutic outcome for cartilage repair. METHODS Thirty-six New Zealand white rabbits were divided into four groups: (1) control, (2) GM-CSF, (3) MFX, and (4) GM-CSF + MFX. GM-CSF was administrated intravenously (IV) at 10 μg/kg body weight 20 min before the MFX surgery. The repaired tissues were retrieved and examined by histological observation, quantitative assessment, and biochemical assays at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after treatment. The number of MSCs was measured in the blood clots by the colony forming unit-fibroblast (CFU-F) assay. The kinetic profile and distribution of GM-CSF in vivo was also evaluated by near-Infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging and enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay. RESULTS In the histological observations and chemical assays examined at 4, 8, and 12 weeks, the MFX after GM-CSF administration showed better cartilage repair than the one without GM-CSF. The CFU-F assay showed a significantly larger amount of MSCs present in the blood clots of the GM-CSF + MFX group than in the blood clots of the other groups. The blood concentration of GM-CSF peaked at 10 min and decreased back to almost the initial level after a couple of hours. GM-CSF was distributed in many organs including the bone marrow but was not observed clearly in the joint cavity. CONCLUSION Intravenous administration of GM-CSF together with MFX could be a promising therapeutic protocol to enhance the repair of cartilage defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-D Truong
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea.
| | - B H Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea.
| | - Y J Kim
- Cell Therapy Center, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, South Korea.
| | - M S Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea.
| | - B-H Min
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea; Cell Therapy Center, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, South Korea; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea.
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Gasch C, Ffrench B, O'Leary JJ, Gallagher MF. Catching moving targets: cancer stem cell hierarchies, therapy-resistance & considerations for clinical intervention. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:43. [PMID: 28228161 PMCID: PMC5322629 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0601-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely believed that targeting the tumour-initiating cancer stem cell (CSC) component of malignancy has great therapeutic potential, particularly in therapy-resistant disease. However, despite concerted efforts, CSC-targeting strategies have not been efficiently translated to the clinic. This is partly due to our incomplete understanding of the mechanisms underlying CSC therapy-resistance. In particular, the relationship between therapy-resistance and the organisation of CSCs as Stem-Progenitor-Differentiated cell hierarchies has not been widely studied. In this review we argue that modern clinical strategies should appreciate that the CSC hierarchy is a dynamic target that contains sensitive and resistant components and expresses a collection of therapy-resisting mechanisms. We propose that the CSC hierarchy at primary presentation changes in response to clinical intervention, resulting in a recurrent malignancy that should be targeted differently. As such, addressing the hierarchical organisation of CSCs into our bench-side theory should expedite translation of CSC-targeting to bed-side practice. In conclusion, we discuss strategies through which we can catch these moving clinical targets to specifically compromise therapy-resistant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Gasch
- Department of Histopathology, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Central Pathology Laboratory, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Dublin, Ireland.,Coombe Women and Infant's Hospital, Dublin 8, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brendan Ffrench
- Department of Histopathology, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Central Pathology Laboratory, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Dublin, Ireland.,Coombe Women and Infant's Hospital, Dublin 8, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John J O'Leary
- Department of Histopathology, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Central Pathology Laboratory, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Dublin, Ireland.,Coombe Women and Infant's Hospital, Dublin 8, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael F Gallagher
- Department of Histopathology, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Central Pathology Laboratory, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Dublin, Ireland. .,Coombe Women and Infant's Hospital, Dublin 8, Dublin, Ireland.
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Ueda F, Tago K, Tamura H, Funakoshi-Tago M. Three Tyrosine Residues in the Erythropoietin Receptor Are Essential for Janus Kinase 2 V617F Mutant-induced Tumorigenesis. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:1826-1846. [PMID: 27998978 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.749465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The erythropoietin receptor (EpoR) regulates development of blood cells, and its full activation normally requires the cytokine erythropoietin (Epo). In the case of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), Epo-independent signaling through EpoR can be caused by a point mutation, V617F, in the EpoR-interacting tyrosine kinase Janus kinase 2 (JAK2). In cells expressing the JAK2 V617F mutant, eight tyrosine residues in the intracellular domain of EpoR are phosphorylated, but the functional role of these phosphorylations in oncogenic signaling is incompletely understood. Here, to evaluate the functional consequences of the phosphorylation of these tyrosine residues, we constructed an EpoR-8YF mutant in which we substituted all eight tyrosine residues with phenylalanine. Co-expression of EpoR-8YF with the JAK2 V617F mutant failed to induce cytokine-independent cell proliferation and tumorigenesis, indicating that JAK2-mediated EpoR phosphorylation is the reason for JAK2 V617F mutant-induced oncogenic signaling. An exhaustive mutational analysis of the eight EpoR tyrosine residues indicated that three of these residues, Tyr-343, Tyr-460, and Tyr-464, are required for the JAK2 V617F mutant to exhibit its oncogenic activity. We also showed that phosphorylation at these three residues was necessary for full activation of the transcription factor STAT5, which is a critical downstream factor of JAK2 V617F-induced oncogenic signaling. In contrast, Epo stimulation could moderately stimulate the proliferation of cells expressing wild type JAK2 and EpoR-8YF, suggesting that the requirement of the phosphorylation of these three tyrosine residues seems to be specific for the oncogenic proliferation provoked by V617F mutation. Collectively, these results have revealed that phosphorylation of Tyr-343, Tyr-460, and Tyr-464 in EpoR underlies JAK2 V617F mutant-induced tumorigenesis. We propose that the targeted disruption of this pathway has therapeutic utility for managing MPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihito Ueda
- From the Division of Hygienic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512
| | - Kenji Tago
- the Division of Structural Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi-ken 329-0498, Japan
| | - Hiroomi Tamura
- From the Division of Hygienic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512
| | - Megumi Funakoshi-Tago
- From the Division of Hygienic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512.
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Radzvilavicius AL, Hadjivasiliou Z, Pomiankowski A, Lane N. Selection for Mitochondrial Quality Drives Evolution of the Germline. PLoS Biol 2016; 14:e2000410. [PMID: 27997535 PMCID: PMC5172535 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2000410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The origin of the germline-soma distinction is a fundamental unsolved question. Plants and basal metazoans do not have a germline but generate gametes from pluripotent stem cells in somatic tissues (somatic gametogenesis). In contrast, most bilaterians sequester a dedicated germline early in development. We develop an evolutionary model which shows that selection for mitochondrial quality drives germline evolution. In organisms with low mitochondrial replication error rates, segregation of mutations over multiple cell divisions generates variation, allowing selection to optimize gamete quality through somatic gametogenesis. Higher mutation rates promote early germline sequestration. We also consider how oogamy (a large female gamete packed with mitochondria) alters selection on the germline. Oogamy is beneficial as it reduces mitochondrial segregation in early development, improving adult fitness by restricting variation between tissues. But it also limits variation between early-sequestered oocytes, undermining gamete quality. Oocyte variation is restored through proliferation of germline cells, producing more germ cells than strictly needed, explaining the random culling (atresia) of precursor cells in bilaterians. Unlike other models of germline evolution, selection for mitochondrial quality can explain the stability of somatic gametogenesis in plants and basal metazoans, the evolution of oogamy in all plants and animals with tissue differentiation, and the mutational forces driving early germline sequestration in active bilaterians. The origins of predation in motile bilaterians in the Cambrian explosion is likely to have increased rates of tissue turnover and mitochondrial replication errors, in turn driving germline evolution and the emergence of complex developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunas L. Radzvilavicius
- Centre for Mathematics and Physics in the Life Sciences and Experimental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zena Hadjivasiliou
- Centre for Mathematics and Physics in the Life Sciences and Experimental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Pomiankowski
- Centre for Mathematics and Physics in the Life Sciences and Experimental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Lane
- Centre for Mathematics and Physics in the Life Sciences and Experimental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Kim H, Kim MK, Choo H, Chong Y. Novel JAK1-selective benzimidazole inhibitors with enhanced membrane permeability. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:3213-3215. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.05.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Sawant SD, Doucet PG, Slob W, Blaylock BL, Mehendale HM. Experimental Mathematical Validation of a Novel Concept of Extended 2-Butoxyethanol Autoprotection. Int J Toxicol 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/109158199225224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Prior administration of a moderately hemolytic dose of 2-butoxyethanol (2-BE) in rats leads to autoprotection against the lethal effects of high doses. Digavalli and Mehendale (Arch. Toxicol. 69:526–532;1995) showed that this autoprotection was due to recovery from the prior episode of hemolysis resulting in a higher proportion of young red blood cells (RBCs), which are more resilient to 2-BE. The objective of this research was to investigate the hypothesis that autoprotection can be entirely explained in terms of such changes in age composition of the RBC population. A simple simulation model was developed to provide predictions of the effect of various 2-BE dosage regimes, which were then experimentally verified. Some model predictions were confirmed by the experiments, but others were distinctly off the mark. The longer sequences (two or three successive episodes) in particular showed unexpected erythropoietic responses. This was further investigated in additional experiments, which also looked at reticulocyte counts and serum levels of erythropoietin (Epo). These showed that the release of reticulocytes following a 2-BE challenge is considerably faster than one would expect from the normal processing time in the bone marrow, and also becomes stronger at each successive challenge, resulting in remarkably high levels of reticulocytosis. It is concluded that changes in age composition of the RBCs cannot fully explain the time course of the hematocrit during consecutive administration of several doses of 2-BE, and that other mechanisms must play an important role as well. The results seem to indicate that after the hematocrit has recovered a buffer of (almost mature) reticulocytes remains available in the bone marrow for several days, which can be released almost immediately when another decrease in hematocrit is evoked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharad D. Sawant
- Division of Toxicology and Louisiana Institute of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana, USA
| | - Paul G. Doucet
- Faculty of Biology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wout Slob
- National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Benny L. Blaylock
- Division of Toxicology and Louisiana Institute of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana, USA
| | - Harihara M. Mehendale
- Division of Toxicology and Louisiana Institute of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana, USA
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Roberts AG, Johnston EV, Shieh JH, Sondey JP, Hendrickson RC, Moore MAS, Danishefsky SJ. Fully Synthetic Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Enabled by Isonitrile-Mediated Coupling of Large, Side-Chain-Unprotected Peptides. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:13167-75. [PMID: 26401918 PMCID: PMC4617663 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b08754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is an endogenous glycoprotein involved in hematopoiesis. Natively glycosylated and nonglycosylated recombinant forms, lenograstim and filgrastim, respectively, are used clinically to manage neutropenia in patients undergoing chemotherapeutic treatment. Despite their comparable therapeutic potential, the purpose of O-linked glycosylation at Thr133 remains a subject of controversy. In light of this, we have developed a synthetic platform to prepare G-CSF aglycone with the goal of enabling access to native and designed glycoforms with site-selectivity and glycan homogeneity. To address the synthesis of a relatively large, aggregation-prone sequence, we advanced an isonitrile-mediated ligation method. The chemoselective activation and coupling of C-terminal peptidyl Gly thioacids with the N-terminus of an unprotected peptide provide ligated peptides directly in a manner complementary to that with conventional native chemical ligation-desulfurization strategies. Herein, we describe the details and application of this method as it enabled the convergent total synthesis of G-CSF aglycone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G. Roberts
- Laboratory for Bio-Organic Chemistry, Sloan Kettering Institute (SKI) for Cancer Research, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Chemical Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute (SKI) for Cancer Research, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Eric V. Johnston
- Laboratory for Bio-Organic Chemistry, Sloan Kettering Institute (SKI) for Cancer Research, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Chemical Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute (SKI) for Cancer Research, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Jae-Hung Shieh
- Cell Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute (SKI) for Cancer Research, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Joseph P. Sondey
- Chemical Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute (SKI) for Cancer Research, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Ronald C. Hendrickson
- Chemical Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute (SKI) for Cancer Research, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Malcolm A. S. Moore
- Cell Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute (SKI) for Cancer Research, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Samuel J. Danishefsky
- Laboratory for Bio-Organic Chemistry, Sloan Kettering Institute (SKI) for Cancer Research, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Chemical Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute (SKI) for Cancer Research, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Cell Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute (SKI) for Cancer Research, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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Liu Y, Wen Q, Chen XL, Yang SJ, Gao L, Gao L, Zhang C, Li JL, Xiang XX, Wan K, Chen XH, Zhang X, Zhong JF. All-trans retinoic acid arrests cell cycle in leukemic bone marrow stromal cells by increasing intercellular communication through connexin 43-mediated gap junction. J Hematol Oncol 2015; 8:110. [PMID: 26446715 PMCID: PMC4597383 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-015-0212-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) is typically decreased in malignant tumors. Gap junction is not presented between hematopoietic cells but occurred in bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Connexin 43 (Cx43) is the major gap junction (GJ) protein; our previous study revealed that Cx43 expression and GJIC were decreased in acute leukemic BMSCs. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) increases GJIC in a variety of cancer cells and has been used to treat acute promyelocytic leukemia, but the effects of ATRA on leukemic BMSCs is unknown. In this study, we evaluated the potential effects of ATRA on cell cycle, proliferation, and apoptosis of leukemic BMSCs. Effects of ATRA on Cx43 expression and GJIC were also examined. Methods Human BMSCs obtained from 25 patients with primary acute leukemia, and 10 normal healthy donors were cultured. Effects of ATRA on cell cycle, cell proliferation, and apoptosis were examined with or without co-treatment with amphotericin-B. Cx43 expression was examined at both the mRNA and protein expression levels. GJIC was examined by using a dye transfer assay and measuring the rate of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). Results ATRA arrested the cell cycle progression, inhibited cell growth, and increased apoptosis in leukemic BMSCs. Both Cx43 expression and GJIC function were increased by ATRA treatment. Most of the observed effects mediated by ATRA were abolished by amphotericin-B pretreatment. Conclusions ATRA arrests cell cycle progression in leukemic BMSCs, likely due to upregulating Cx43 expression and enhancing GJIC function. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13045-015-0212-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Xinqiao Street, Chongqing, 400037, China. .,Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
| | - Qin Wen
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Xinqiao Street, Chongqing, 400037, China.
| | - Xue-Lian Chen
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
| | - Shi-Jie Yang
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Xinqiao Street, Chongqing, 400037, China.
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Xinqiao Street, Chongqing, 400037, China.
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Xinqiao Street, Chongqing, 400037, China.
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Xinqiao Street, Chongqing, 400037, China.
| | - Jia-Li Li
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Xinqiao Street, Chongqing, 400037, China.
| | - Xi-Xi Xiang
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Xinqiao Street, Chongqing, 400037, China.
| | - Kai Wan
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Xinqiao Street, Chongqing, 400037, China.
| | - Xing-Hua Chen
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Xinqiao Street, Chongqing, 400037, China.
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Xinqiao Street, Chongqing, 400037, China.
| | - Jiang-Fan Zhong
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
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Ahmed A, Koma MK. Interleukin-33 Triggers B1 Cell Expansion and Its Release of Monocyte/Macrophage Chemoattractants and Growth Factors. Scand J Immunol 2015; 82:118-24. [PMID: 25997709 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
B1 B lymphocytes are natural IgM-producing cells primarily found in peritoneum and mucosal sites. They perform vital functions during the early defence against viral and bacterial infections. Murine B1 cells express IL-33 receptor complex on activation. IL-33 is a new addition to the IL-1 family with a strong role in Th2 immunity. B1 cells have been recognized to exacerbate contact sensitivity by producing IgM and IL-5 in response to interleukin-33. However, the exact response of IL-33/ST2 signalling in B1 cells is not completely understood. In this study, we report that murine B1 cells respond directly to IL-33 in a ST2-dependent manner. This interaction instigates B1b cell proliferation in a time-dependent manner in vivo. Furthermore, it also mediates monocyte/macrophage and granulocyte recruitment via B1 cell release of chemokines (MCP-1 and MIP-1 alpha). It was noted that upon stimulation, B1b cells additionally release an angiogenic inducer vascular endothelial growth factor and granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Our findings suggest that these IL-33-mediated B1 cells might be able to play a vital role in the recruitment and growth of monocytes and granulocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammad Ahmed
- Department of Haematology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mousa Komai Koma
- Department of Haematology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Moriyama Y, Horita N, Kudo M, Shinkai M, Fujita H, Yamanaka T, Ishigatsubo Y, Kaneko T. Monocyte nadir is a possible indicator for neutrophil nadir during lung cancer chemotherapy. CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2015; 11:453-458. [DOI: 10.1111/crj.12358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Moriyama
- Department of Pulmonology; Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine; Yokohama Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Horita
- Department of Pulmonology; Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine; Yokohama Japan
| | - Makoto Kudo
- Department of Pulmonology; Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine; Yokohama Japan
| | - Masaharu Shinkai
- Department of Pulmonology; Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine; Yokohama Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Fujita
- Department of Hematology; Saiseikai Yokohamashi Nanbu Hospital; Yokohama Japan
| | - Takeharu Yamanaka
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology; Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine; Yokohama Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Ishigatsubo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology; Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine; Yokohama Japan
| | - Takeshi Kaneko
- Department of Pulmonology; Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine; Yokohama Japan
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Luche E, Sengenès C, Arnaud E, Laharrague P, Casteilla L, Cousin B. Differential Hematopoietic Activity in White Adipose Tissue Depending on its Localization. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:3076-83. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Luche
- CNRS UMR 5273; STROMALab; BP 84225; Toulouse France
- Université de Toulouse 3; UPS, BP 84225; Toulouse France
- INSERM U1031, BP 84225; Toulouse France
- EFS Pyrénées-Méditerranée, BP 84225; Toulouse France
| | - Coralie Sengenès
- CNRS UMR 5273; STROMALab; BP 84225; Toulouse France
- Université de Toulouse 3; UPS, BP 84225; Toulouse France
- INSERM U1031, BP 84225; Toulouse France
- EFS Pyrénées-Méditerranée, BP 84225; Toulouse France
| | - Emmanuelle Arnaud
- CNRS UMR 5273; STROMALab; BP 84225; Toulouse France
- Université de Toulouse 3; UPS, BP 84225; Toulouse France
- INSERM U1031, BP 84225; Toulouse France
- EFS Pyrénées-Méditerranée, BP 84225; Toulouse France
| | - Patrick Laharrague
- CNRS UMR 5273; STROMALab; BP 84225; Toulouse France
- Université de Toulouse 3; UPS, BP 84225; Toulouse France
- INSERM U1031, BP 84225; Toulouse France
- EFS Pyrénées-Méditerranée, BP 84225; Toulouse France
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, TSA 50032; Toulouse France
| | - Louis Casteilla
- CNRS UMR 5273; STROMALab; BP 84225; Toulouse France
- Université de Toulouse 3; UPS, BP 84225; Toulouse France
- INSERM U1031, BP 84225; Toulouse France
- EFS Pyrénées-Méditerranée, BP 84225; Toulouse France
| | - Beatrice Cousin
- CNRS UMR 5273; STROMALab; BP 84225; Toulouse France
- Université de Toulouse 3; UPS, BP 84225; Toulouse France
- INSERM U1031, BP 84225; Toulouse France
- EFS Pyrénées-Méditerranée, BP 84225; Toulouse France
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Zhao CL, Zhang GP, Xiao ZZ, Ma ZK, Lei CP, Song SY, Feng YY, Zhao YC, Feng XS. Recombinant Human Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Promotes Preinvasive and Invasive Estrogen Receptor-Positive Tumor Development in MMTV-erbB2 Mice. J Breast Cancer 2015; 18:126-33. [PMID: 26155288 PMCID: PMC4490261 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2015.18.2.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated whether recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) could promote the development of preinvasive and invasive breast cancer in mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV-erbB2) mice with estrogen receptor-positive tumors. METHODS MMTV-erbB2 mice were randomly divided into three experimental groups with 20 mice in each group. MMTV-erbB2 mice were treated with daily subcutaneous injections of vehicle or rhG-CSF (low-rhG-CSF group, rhG-CSF 0.125 µg; vehicle-rhG-CSF group, normal saline 0.25 µg; and high-rhG-CSF group, rhG-CSF 0.25 µg) at 3 months of age. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of G-CSF action in mammary glands were investigated via immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Low, but not high, rhG-CSF doses significantly accelerated mammary tumorigenesis in MMTV-erbB2 mice. Short-term treatment with rhG-CSF could significantly promote the development of preinvasive mammary lesions. The cancer prevention effect was associated with reduced expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, cluster of differentiation 34, and signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 in mammary glands by >80%. CONCLUSION We found that G-CSF was regulated by rhG-CSF both in vitro and in vivo. Identification of G-CSF genes helped us further understand the mechanism by which G-CSF promotes cancer. Low doses of rhG-CSF could significantly increase tumor latency and increase tumor multiplicity and burden. Moreover, rhG-CSF effectively promotes development of both malignant and premalignant mammary lesions in MMTV-erbB2 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Ling Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Guang Ping Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Zheng Zheng Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Zhi Kun Ma
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Cai Peng Lei
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Shi Yuan Song
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Ying Ying Feng
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Ya Chao Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiao Shan Feng
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
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GM-CSF and uPA are required for Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced alveolar bone loss in a mouse periodontitis model. Immunol Cell Biol 2015; 93:705-15. [PMID: 25753270 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2015.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) can contribute to the progression of chronic inflammatory diseases with possible involvement of macrophages. In this study, we investigated the role of both GM-CSF and uPA in Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced experimental periodontitis using GM-CSF-/- and uPA-/- mice. Intra-oral inoculation of wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice with P. gingivalis resulted in establishment of the pathogen in plaque and a significant increase in alveolar bone resorption. The infected mice also exhibited a CD11b(+) CD86(+) macrophage infiltrate into the gingival tissue, as well as P. gingivalis-specific pro-inflammatory cytokine and predominantly IgG2b antibody responses. In comparison, intra-oral inoculation of P. gingivalis did not induce bone resorption and there was significantly less P. gingivalis recovered from plaque in GM-CSF-/- and uPA-/- mice. Furthermore, P. gingivalis did not induce a macrophage gingival infiltrate or activate isolated peritoneal macrophages from the gene-deficient mice. Pro-inflammatory P. gingivalis-specific T-cell cytokine responses and serum interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and IgG2b concentrations were significantly lower in GM-CSF-/- mice. In uPA-/- mice, T-cell responses were lower but serum IFN-γ and IgG2b levels were comparable with WT mice levels. These results suggest that GM-CSF and uPA are both involved in the progression of experimental periodontitis, possibly via a macrophage-dependent mechanism(s).
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Paschall AV, Zhang R, Qi CF, Bardhan K, Peng L, Lu G, Yang J, Merad M, McGaha T, Zhou G, Mellor A, Abrams SI, Morse HC, Ozato K, Xiong H, Liu K. IFN regulatory factor 8 represses GM-CSF expression in T cells to affect myeloid cell lineage differentiation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:2369-79. [PMID: 25646302 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
During hematopoiesis, hematopoietic stem cells constantly differentiate into granulocytes and macrophages via a distinct differentiation program that is tightly controlled by myeloid lineage-specific transcription factors. Mice with a null mutation of IFN regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) accumulate CD11b(+)Gr1(+) myeloid cells that phenotypically and functionally resemble tumor-induced myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), indicating an essential role of IRF8 in myeloid cell lineage differentiation. However, IRF8 is expressed in various types of immune cells, and whether IRF8 functions intrinsically or extrinsically in regulation of myeloid cell lineage differentiation is not fully understood. In this study, we report an intriguing finding that, although IRF8-deficient mice exhibit deregulated myeloid cell differentiation and resultant accumulation of CD11b(+)Gr1(+) MDSCs, surprisingly, mice with IRF8 deficiency only in myeloid cells exhibit no abnormal myeloid cell lineage differentiation. Instead, mice with IRF8 deficiency only in T cells exhibited deregulated myeloid cell differentiation and MDSC accumulation. We further demonstrated that IRF8-deficient T cells exhibit elevated GM-CSF expression and secretion. Treatment of mice with GM-CSF increased MDSC accumulation, and adoptive transfer of IRF8-deficient T cells, but not GM-CSF-deficient T cells, increased MDSC accumulation in the recipient chimeric mice. Moreover, overexpression of IRF8 decreased GM-CSF expression in T cells. Our data determine that, in addition to its intrinsic function as an apoptosis regulator in myeloid cells, IRF8 also acts extrinsically to repress GM-CSF expression in T cells to control myeloid cell lineage differentiation, revealing a novel mechanism that the adaptive immune component of the immune system regulates the innate immune cell myelopoiesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy V Paschall
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912; Cancer Immunology, Inflammation and Tolerance Program, Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904
| | - Ruihua Zhang
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Chen-Feng Qi
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Kankana Bardhan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Liang Peng
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Geming Lu
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Jianjun Yang
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Miriam Merad
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Tracy McGaha
- Cancer Immunology, Inflammation and Tolerance Program, Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Gang Zhou
- Cancer Immunology, Inflammation and Tolerance Program, Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Andrew Mellor
- Cancer Immunology, Inflammation and Tolerance Program, Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Scott I Abrams
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263; and
| | - Herbert C Morse
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Keiko Ozato
- Programs in Genomics of Differentiation, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Huabao Xiong
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029;
| | - Kebin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912; Cancer Immunology, Inflammation and Tolerance Program, Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904;
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Johnston A, Uetrecht J. Current understanding of the mechanisms of idiosyncratic drug-induced agranulocytosis. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2014; 11:243-57. [DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2015.985649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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