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Tang J, Feng M, Wang D, Zhang L, Yang K. Recent advancement of sonogenetics: A promising noninvasive cellular manipulation by ultrasound. Genes Dis 2024; 11:101112. [PMID: 38947740 PMCID: PMC11214298 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.101112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in biomedical research have underscored the importance of noninvasive cellular manipulation techniques. Sonogenetics, a method that uses genetic engineering to produce ultrasound-sensitive proteins in target cells, is gaining prominence along with optogenetics, electrogenetics, and magnetogenetics. Upon stimulation with ultrasound, these proteins trigger a cascade of cellular activities and functions. Unlike traditional ultrasound modalities, sonogenetics offers enhanced spatial selectivity, improving precision and safety in disease treatment. This technology broadens the scope of non-surgical interventions across a wide range of clinical research and therapeutic applications, including neuromodulation, oncologic treatments, stem cell therapy, and beyond. Although current literature predominantly emphasizes ultrasonic neuromodulation, this review offers a comprehensive exploration of sonogenetics. We discuss ultrasound properties, the specific ultrasound-sensitive proteins employed in sonogenetics, and the technique's potential in managing conditions such as neurological disorders, cancer, and ophthalmic diseases, and in stem cell therapies. Our objective is to stimulate fresh perspectives for further research in this promising field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Tang
- Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, Chongqing 400014, China
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Mingxuan Feng
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, Chongqing 400014, China
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Nagashima A, Torii K, Ota C, Kato A. slc26a12-A novel member of the slc26 family, is located in tandem with slc26a2 in coelacanths, amphibians, reptiles, and birds. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e16089. [PMID: 38828713 PMCID: PMC11145369 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.16089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Solute carrier family 26 (Slc26) is a family of anion exchangers with 11 members in mammals (named Slc26a1-a11). Here, we identified a novel member of the slc26 family, slc26a12, located in tandem with slc26a2 in the genomes of several vertebrate lineages. BLAST and synteny analyses of various jawed vertebrate genome databases revealed that slc26a12 is present in coelacanths, amphibians, reptiles, and birds but not in cartilaginous fishes, lungfish, mammals, or ray-finned fishes. In some avian and reptilian lineages such as owls, penguins, egrets, and ducks, and most turtles examined, slc26a12 was lost or pseudogenized. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Slc26a12 formed an independent branch with the other Slc26 members and Slc26a12, Slc26a1 and Slc26a2 formed a single branch, suggesting that these three members formed a subfamily in Slc26. In jawless fish, hagfish have two genes homologous to slc26a2 and slc26a12, whereas lamprey has a single gene homologous to slc26a2. African clawed frogs express slc26a12 in larval gills, skin, and fins. These results show that slc26a12 was present at least before the separation of lobe-finned fish and tetrapods; the name slc26a12 is appropriate because the gene duplication occurred in the distant past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Nagashima
- School of Life Science and TechnologyTokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohamaJapan
| | - Kota Torii
- School of Life Science and TechnologyTokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohamaJapan
| | - Chihiro Ota
- School of Life Science and TechnologyTokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohamaJapan
| | - Akira Kato
- School of Life Science and TechnologyTokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohamaJapan
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Zhang L, Chen X, Wang X, Zhou Y, Fang Y, Gu X, Zhang Z, Sun Q, Li N, Xu L, Tan F, Chai R, Qi J. AAV-mediated Gene Cocktails Enhance Supporting Cell Reprogramming and Hair Cell Regeneration. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2304551. [PMID: 38810137 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian cochlear hair cells (HCs) are essential for hearing, and damage to HCs results in severe hearing impairment. Damaged HCs can be regenerated by neighboring supporting cells (SCs), thus the functional regeneration of HCs is the main goal for the restoration of auditory function in vivo. Here, cochlear SC trans-differentiation into outer and inner HC by the induced expression of the key transcription factors Atoh1 and its co-regulators Gfi1, Pou4f3, and Six1 (GPAS), which are necessary for SCs that are destined for HC development and maturation via the AAV-ie targeting the inner ear stem cells are successfully achieved. Single-cell nuclear sequencing and lineaging tracing results showed that the majority of new Atoh1-derived HCs are in a state of initiating differentiation, while GP (Gfi1, Pou4f3) and GPS (Gfi1, Pou4f3, and Six1) enhanced the Atoh1-induced new HCs into inner and outer HCs. Moreover, the patch-clamp analysis indicated that newborn inner HCs induced by GPAS forced expression have similar electrophysiological characteristics to those of native inner HCs. Also, GPAS can induce HC regeneration in the HC-damaged mice model. In summary, the study demonstrates that AAV-mediated co-regulation of multiple genes, such as GPAS, is an effective means to achieve functional HC regeneration in the mouse cochlea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Xinlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yinyi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Xingliang Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Ziyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Qiuhan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Nianci Li
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250022, China
- Shandong Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Fangzhi Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Renjie Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
- Department of Neurology, Aerospace Center Hospital, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
- Southeast University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518063, China
| | - Jieyu Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
- Department of Neurology, Aerospace Center Hospital, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
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Takahashi S, Zhou Y, Cheatham MA, Homma K. The frequency dependence of prestin-mediated fast electromotility for mammalian cochlear amplification. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.22.595389. [PMID: 38826260 PMCID: PMC11142200 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.22.595389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Prestin's voltage-driven motor activity confers sound-elicited somatic electromotility in auditory outer hair cells (OHCs) and is essential for the exquisite sensitivity and frequency selectivity of mammalian hearing. Lack of prestin results in hearing threshold shifts across frequency, supporting the causal association of variants in the prestin-coding gene, SLC26A5 , with human hearing loss, DFNB61. However, cochlear function can tolerate reductions in prestin-mediated OHC electromotility. We found that two deafness-associated prestin variants, p.A100T and p.P119S, do not deprive prestin of its fast motor function but significantly reduce membrane expression, leading to large reductions in OHC electromotility that were only ∼30% of wildtype (WT). Mice harboring these missense variants suffered congenital hearing loss that was worse at high frequencies; however, they retained WT-like auditory brainstem response thresholds at 8 kHz, which is processed at the apex of the mouse cochlea. This observation suggests the increasing importance of prestin-driven cochlear amplification at higher frequencies relevant to mammalian hearing. The observation also suggests the promising clinical possibility that small enhancements of OHC electromotility could significantly ameliorate DFNB61 hearing loss in human patients. SIGNIFICANCE Prestin is abundantly expressed in the auditory outer hair cells and is essential for normal cochlear operation. Hence, reduction of prestin expression is often taken as indicative of reduced cochlear function in diseased or aged ears. However, this assumption overlooks the fact that cochlear function can tolerate large reductions in prestin motor activity. DFNB61 mouse models generated and characterized in this study provide an opportunity to gauge the amount of prestin motor activity needed to sustain normal hearing sensitivity. This knowledge is crucial not only for understanding the pathogenic roles of deafness-associated variants that impair OHC electromotility but also for unraveling how prestin contributes to cochlear amplification.
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Giffen KP, Liu H, Yamane KL, Li Y, Chen L, Kramer KL, Zallocchi M, He DZ. Molecular Specializations Underlying Phenotypic Differences in Inner Ear Hair Cells of Zebrafish and Mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.24.595729. [PMID: 38826418 PMCID: PMC11142236 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.24.595729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Hair cells (HCs) are the sensory receptors of the auditory and vestibular systems in the inner ears of vertebrates that selectively transduce mechanical stimuli into electrical activity. Although all HCs have the hallmark stereocilia bundle for mechanotransduction, HCs in non-mammals and mammals differ in their molecular specialization in the apical, basolateral and synaptic membranes. HCs of non-mammals, such as zebrafish (zHCs), are electrically tuned to specific frequencies and possess an active process in the stereocilia bundle to amplify sound signals. Mammalian cochlear HCs, in contrast, are not electrically tuned and achieve amplification by somatic motility of outer HCs (OHCs). To understand the genetic mechanisms underlying differences among adult zebrafish and mammalian cochlear HCs, we compared their RNA-seq-characterized transcriptomes, focusing on protein-coding orthologous genes related to HC specialization. There was considerable shared expression of gene orthologs among the HCs, including those genes associated with mechanotransduction, ion transport/channels, and synaptic signaling. For example, both zebrafish and mouse HCs express Tmc1, Lhfpl5, Tmie, Cib2, Cacna1d, Cacnb2, Otof, Pclo and Slc17a8. However, there were some notable differences in expression among zHCs, OHCs, and inner HCs (IHCs), which likely underlie the distinctive physiological properties of each cell type. Tmc2 and Cib3 were not detected in adult mouse HCs but tmc2a and b and cib3 were highly expressed in zHCs. Mouse HCs express Kcna10, Kcnj13, Kcnj16, and Kcnq4, which were not detected in zHCs. Chrna9 and Chrna10 were expressed in mouse HCs. In contrast, chrna10 was not detected in zHCs. OHCs highly express Slc26a5 which encodes the motor protein prestin that contributes to OHC electromotility. However, zHCs have only weak expression of slc26a5, and subsequently showed no voltage dependent electromotility when measured. Notably, the zHCs expressed more paralogous genes including those associated with HC-specific functions and transcriptional activity, though it is unknown whether they have functions similar to their mammalian counterparts. There was overlap in the expressed genes associated with a known hearing phenotype. Our analyses unveil substantial differences in gene expression patterns that may explain phenotypic specialization of zebrafish and mouse HCs. This dataset also includes several protein-coding genes to further the functional characterization of HCs and study of HC evolution from non-mammals to mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberlee P. Giffen
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Augusta University/University of Georgia Medical Partnership, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Huizhan Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kacey L. Yamane
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ken L. Kramer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Marisa Zallocchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - David Z.Z. He
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
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Yadav RS, Sharma S, Metzler R, Chakrabarti R. A passive star polymer in a dense active bath: insights from computer simulations. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:3910-3922. [PMID: 38700098 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00144c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Using computer simulations in two dimensions (2D), we explore the structure and dynamics of a star polymer with three arms made of passive monomers immersed in a bath of active Brownian particles (ABPs). We analyze the conformational and dynamical changes of the polymer as a function of activity and packing fraction. We also study the process of motility induced phase separation (MIPS) in the presence of a star polymer, which acts as a mobile nucleation center. The presence of the polymer increases the growth rate of the clusters in comparison to a bath without the polymer. In particular, for low packing fraction, both nucleation and cluster growth are affected by the inclusion of the star polymer. Clusters grow in the vicinity of the star polymer, resulting in the star polymer experiencing a caged motion similar to a tagged ABP in the dense phase. Due to the topological constraints of the star polymers and clustering nearby, the conformational changes of the star polymer lead to interesting observations. Inter alia, we observe the shrinking of the arm with increasing activity along with a short-lived hairpin structure of one arm formed. We also see the transient pairing of two arms of the star polymer, while the third is largely separated at high activity. We hope our findings will help in understanding the behavior of active-passive mixtures, including biopolymers of complex topology in dense active suspensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramanand Singh Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Sanaa Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Ralf Metzler
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Germany.
- Asia Pacific Center for Theoretical Physics, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Rajarshi Chakrabarti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India.
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Rahimi V, Tavanai E, Falahzadeh S, Ranjbar AR, Farahani S. Omega-3 fatty acids and health of auditory and vestibular systems: a comprehensive review. Eur J Nutr 2024:10.1007/s00394-024-03369-z. [PMID: 38693450 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03369-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to comprehensively review animal and human studies that explore the role of omega-3 PUFAs in maintaining the health of the auditory organ across all life stages. METHODS This narrative review involved searching Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library databases for relevant articles from December 1980 to July 2023. RESULTS some animal and human studies suggest that both deficiency and excessive intake of long-chain omega-3 PUFAs, particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), can lead to auditory neural conduction impairment and reduced hearing acuity from fetal development to old age (presbycusis). These effects are likely to be dependent on the dosage. Some research indicates that an excessive intake of omega-3, rather than a deficiency, can result in nutritional toxicity and hearing impairments. Animal studies highlight the positive impact of omega-3 supplements with high DHA content in addressing hearing damage, but human research on this subject is limited. Furthermore, certain studies propose that omega-3 PUFAs may prevent or delay age-related hearing loss, with high plasma omega-3 concentration, particularly long-chain omega-3 PUFA, linked to reduced hearing loss. Additionally, consuming fish more than twice a week may be associated with a lower risk of hearing loss in adulthood, with these effects potentially influenced by age and gender. However, the majority of studies have been conducted on animals, and clinical trials are scarce. Research on the influence of omega-3 PUFAs on the peripheral and central vestibular systems remains limited. CONCLUSION This article delves into the impact of omega-3 on the auditory-vestibular system, exploring its influence on neurodevelopment, protection, and treatment. It not only highlights specific research gaps but also offers valuable insights for potential future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vida Rahimi
- Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Tavanai
- Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Falahzadeh
- Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Ranjbar
- Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Farahani
- Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Audiology, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Piche-Shemiran, Enghelab Ave, Tehran, 1148965141, Iran.
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Takahashi S, Homma K. The molecular principles underlying diverse functions of the SLC26 family of proteins. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107261. [PMID: 38582450 PMCID: PMC11078650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Mammalian SLC26 proteins are membrane-based anion transporters that belong to the large SLC26/SulP family, and many of their variants are associated with hereditary diseases. Recent structural studies revealed a strikingly similar homodimeric molecular architecture for several SLC26 members, implying a shared molecular principle. Now a new question emerges as to how these structurally similar proteins execute diverse physiological functions. In this study, we sought to identify the common versus distinct molecular mechanism among the SLC26 proteins using both naturally occurring and artificial missense changes introduced to SLC26A4, SLC26A5, and SLC26A9. We found: (i) the basic residue at the anion binding site is essential for both anion antiport of SLC26A4 and motor functions of SLC26A5, and its conversion to a nonpolar residue is crucial but not sufficient for the fast uncoupled anion transport in SLC26A9; (ii) the conserved polar residues in the N- and C-terminal cytosolic domains are likely involved in dynamic hydrogen-bonding networks and are essential for anion antiport of SLC26A4 but not for motor (SLC26A5) and uncoupled anion transport (SLC26A9) functions; (iii) the hydrophobic interaction between each protomer's last transmembrane helices, TM14, is not of functional significance in SLC26A9 but crucial for the functions of SLC26A4 and SLC26A5, likely contributing to optimally orient the axis of the relative movements of the core domain with respect to the gate domains within the cell membrane. These findings advance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the diverse physiological roles of the SLC26 family of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoe Takahashi
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Center for Mechanical Excitability, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kazuaki Homma
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Center for Mechanical Excitability, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; The Hugh Knowles Center for Clinical and Basic Science in Hearing and Its Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA.
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Waldhaus J, Jiang L, Liu L, Liu J, Duncan RK. Mapping the developmental potential of mouse inner ear organoids at single-cell resolution. iScience 2024; 27:109069. [PMID: 38375227 PMCID: PMC10875570 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Inner ear organoids recapitulate development and are intended to generate cell types of the otic lineage for applications such as basic science research and cell replacement strategies. Here, we use single-cell sequencing to study the cellular heterogeneity of late-stage mouse inner ear organoid sensory epithelia, which we validated by comparison with datasets of the mouse cochlea and vestibular epithelia. We resolved supporting cell sub-types, cochlear-like hair cells, and vestibular type I and type II-like hair cells. While cochlear-like hair cells aligned best with an outer hair cell trajectory, vestibular-like hair cells followed developmental trajectories similar to in vivo programs branching into type II and then type I extrastriolar hair cells. These results highlight the transcriptional accuracy of the organoid developmental program but will also inform future strategies to improve synaptic connectivity and regional specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Waldhaus
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Linghua Jiang
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Liqian Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Robert Keith Duncan
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Ann Arbor Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Wang G, Gu Y, Liu Z. Deciphering the genetic interactions between Pou4f3, Gfi1, and Rbm24 in maintaining mouse cochlear hair cell survival. eLife 2024; 12:RP90025. [PMID: 38483314 PMCID: PMC10939501 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Mammals harbor a limited number of sound-receptor hair cells (HCs) that cannot be regenerated after damage. Thus, investigating the underlying molecular mechanisms that maintain HC survival is crucial for preventing hearing impairment. Intriguingly, Pou4f3-/- or Gfi1-/- HCs form initially but then rapidly degenerate, whereas Rbm24-/- HCs degenerate considerably later. However, the transcriptional cascades involving Pou4f3, Gfi1, and Rbm24 remain undescribed. Here, we demonstrate that Rbm24 expression is completely repressed in Pou4f3-/- HCs but unaltered in Gfi1-/- HCs, and further that the expression of both POU4F3 and GFI1 is intact in Rbm24-/- HCs. Moreover, by using in vivo mouse transgenic reporter assays, we identify three Rbm24 enhancers to which POU4F3 binds. Lastly, through in vivo genetic testing of whether Rbm24 restoration alleviates the degeneration of Pou4f3-/- HCs, we show that ectopic Rbm24 alone cannot prevent Pou4f3-/- HCs from degenerating. Collectively, our findings provide new molecular and genetic insights into how HC survival is regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangqin Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yunpeng Gu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence TechnologyShanghaiChina
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Baskadem Yilmazer A, Tanrısever O, Alagoz MH, Yilmazer R, Goker AE, Tutar B, Uyar Y. Evaluation of inner ear damage by mastoid drilling with measurement of serum prestin (SLC26A5) levels. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2024; 90:101380. [PMID: 38237483 PMCID: PMC10828577 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2023.101380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to demonstrate any inner ear injury caused by drilling in mastoid surgery with prestin, outer hair cell motor protein specific to the cochlea. METHODS The patients with chronic otitis media requiring mastoidectomy (n = 21) and myringoplasty (n = 21) were included. Serum prestin level obtained from blood samples was measured before surgery and on postoperative days 0, 3, and 7 using Human Prestin (SLC26A5) ELISA Kit. All patients underwent the Pure Tone Audiometry (PTA) test before surgery and on the postoperative 7th day. The drilling time was also recorded for all patients who underwent mastoidectomy. RESULTS In both mastoidectomy and myringoplasty groups, the postoperative serum prestin levels increased on days 0 and 7 (pday-0 = 0.002, pday-7 = 0.001 and pday-0 = 0.005, pday-7 = 0.001, respectively). There was no significant difference in the serum prestin levels between the two groups, postoperatively. The PTA thresholds at day 7 did not change in either group. A significant decline at 2000 Hz of bone conduction hearing threshold in both groups and a decline at 4000 Hz in the myringoplasty group were found. There was no correlation between the drilling time and the increase of prestin levels in the postoperative day 0, 3, and 7. CONCLUSION Our results showed that mastoid drilling is not related to a significant inner ear injury. Although the myringoplasty group was not exposed to drill trauma, there was a similar increase in serum prestin levels as the mastoidectomy group. Also, a significant decline at 2000 Hz of bone conduction hearing threshold in both groups and a decline at 4000 Hz in the myringoplasty group were found. These findings suggest that suction and ossicular manipulation trauma can lead to an increase in serum prestin levels and postoperative temporary or permanent SNHL at 2000 and 4000 Hz. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayca Baskadem Yilmazer
- Saglik Bilimleri University, Prof. Dr. Cemil Tascioglu Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Onur Tanrısever
- Saglik Bilimleri University, Prof. Dr. Cemil Tascioglu Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Maide Hacer Alagoz
- Saglik Bilimleri University, Prof. Dr. Cemil Tascioglu Hospital, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rasim Yilmazer
- Saglik Bilimleri University, Dr. Lutfi Kirdar City Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayse Enise Goker
- Saglik Bilimleri University, Prof. Dr. Cemil Tascioglu Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Belgin Tutar
- Saglik Bilimleri University, Prof. Dr. Cemil Tascioglu Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Uyar
- Saglik Bilimleri University, Prof. Dr. Cemil Tascioglu Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
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12
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Takahashi S, Kojima T, Wasano K, Homma K. Functional Studies of Deafness-Associated Pendrin and Prestin Variants. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2759. [PMID: 38474007 PMCID: PMC10931795 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Pendrin and prestin are evolutionary-conserved membrane proteins that are essential for normal hearing. Dysfunction of these proteins results in hearing loss in humans, and numerous deafness-associated pendrin and prestin variants have been identified in patients. However, the pathogenic impacts of many of these variants are ambiguous. Here, we report results from our ongoing efforts to experimentally characterize pendrin and prestin variants using in vitro functional assays. With previously established fluorometric anion transport assays, we determined that many of the pendrin variants identified on transmembrane (TM) 10, which contains the essential anion binding site, and on the neighboring TM9 within the core domain resulted in impaired anion transport activity. We also determined the range of functional impairment in three deafness-associated prestin variants by measuring nonlinear capacitance (NLC), a proxy for motor function. Using the results from our functional analyses, we also evaluated the performance of AlphaMissense (AM), a computational tool for predicting the pathogenicity of missense variants. AM prediction scores correlated well with our experimental results; however, some variants were misclassified, underscoring the necessity of experimentally assessing the effects of variants. Together, our experimental efforts provide invaluable information regarding the pathogenicity of deafness-associated pendrin and prestin variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoe Takahashi
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Takashi Kojima
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, National Hospital Organization Tochigi Medical Center, Tochigi 320-0057, Japan
| | - Koichiro Wasano
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara 259-1193, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Homma
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- The Hugh Knowles Center for Clinical and Basic Science in Hearing and Its Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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13
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Main M, Skoe E. Heightened OAEs in young adult musicians: Influence of current noise exposure and training recency. Hear Res 2024; 442:108925. [PMID: 38141520 PMCID: PMC10843712 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2023.108925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) are a non-invasive metric of cochlear function. Studies of OAEs in musicians have yielded mixed results, ranging from evidence of diminished OAEs in musicians-suggesting noise-induced hearing loss-to no difference when compared to non-musicians, or even a trend for stronger OAEs in musicians. The goal of this study was to use a large sample of college students with normal hearing (n = 160) to compare OAE SNRs in musicians and non-musicians and to explore potential effects of training recency and noise exposure on OAEs in these cohorts. The musician cohort included both active musicians (who at the time of enrollment practiced at least weekly) and past musicians (who had at least 6 years of training). All participants completed a questionnaire about recent noise exposure (previous 12 months), and a subset of participants (71 musicians and 15 non-musicians) wore a personal noise dosimeter for one week to obtain a more nuanced and objective measure of exposure to assess how different exposure levels may affect OAEs before the emergence of a clinically significant hearing loss. OAEs were tested using both transient-evoked OAEs (TEOAEs) and distortion-product OAEs (DPOAEs). As predicted from the literature, musicians experienced significantly higher noise levels than non-musicians based on both subjective (self-reported) and objective measures. Yet we found stronger TEOAEs and DPOAEs in musicians compared to non-musicians in the ∼1-5 kHz range. Comparisons between past and active musicians suggest that enhanced cochlear function in young adult musicians does not require active, ongoing musical practice. Although there were no significant relations between OAEs and noise exposure as measured by dosimetry or questionnaire, active musicians had weaker DPOAEs than past musicians when the entire DPOAE frequency range was considered (up to ∼16 kHz), consistent with a subclinical noise-induced hearing loss that only becomes apparent when active musicians are contrasted with a cohort of individuals with comparable training but without the ongoing risks of noise exposure. Our findings suggest, therefore, that separate norms should be developed for musicians for earlier detection of incipient hearing loss. Potential explanations for enhanced cochlear function in musicians include pre-existing (inborn or demographic) differences, training-related enhancements of cochlear function (e.g., upregulation of prestin, stronger efferent feedback mechanisms), or a combination thereof. Further studies are needed to determine if OAE enhancements offer musicians protection against damage caused by noise exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Main
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, United States; Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, United States; University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, United States; University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
| | - Erika Skoe
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, United States; Department of Psychological Sciences, Cognitive Sciences Program, Connecticut Institute for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, United States; University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, United States.
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14
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Takahashi S, Kojima T, Wasano K, Homma K. Functional studies of deafness-associated pendrin and prestin variants. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.23.576877. [PMID: 38328051 PMCID: PMC10849616 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.23.576877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Pendrin and prestin are evolutionary conserved membrane proteins that are essential for normal hearing. Pendrin is an anion transporter required for normal development and maintenance of ion homeostasis in the inner ear, while prestin is a voltage-dependent motor responsible for cochlear amplification essential for high sensitivity and frequency selectivity of mammalian hearing. Dysfunction of these proteins result in hearing loss in humans, and numerous deafness-associated pendrin and prestin variants have been identified in patients. However, the pathogenic impacts of many of these variants are ambiguous. Here we report results from our ongoing efforts in experimentally characterizing pendrin and prestin variants using in vitro functional assays, providing invaluable information regarding their pathogenicity.
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15
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Warren B, Eberl D. What can insects teach us about hearing loss? J Physiol 2024; 602:297-316. [PMID: 38128023 DOI: 10.1113/jp281281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last three decades, insects have been utilized to provide a deep and fundamental understanding of many human diseases and disorders. Here, we present arguments for insects as models to understand general principles underlying hearing loss. Despite ∼600 million years since the last common ancestor of vertebrates and invertebrates, we share an overwhelming degree of genetic homology particularly with respect to auditory organ development and maintenance. Despite the anatomical differences between human and insect auditory organs, both share physiological principles of operation. We explain why these observations are expected and highlight areas in hearing loss research in which insects can provide insight. We start by briefly introducing the evolutionary journey of auditory organs, the reasons for using insect auditory organs for hearing loss research, and the tools and approaches available in insects. Then, the first half of the review focuses on auditory development and auditory disorders with a genetic cause. The second half analyses the physiological and genetic consequences of ageing and short- and long-term changes as a result of noise exposure. We finish with complex age and noise interactions in auditory systems. In this review, we present some of the evidence and arguments to support the use of insects to study mechanisms and potential treatments for hearing loss in humans. Obviously, insects cannot fully substitute for all aspects of human auditory function and loss of function, although there are many important questions that can be addressed in an animal model for which there are important ethical, practical and experimental advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Warren
- Neurogenetics Group, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Daniel Eberl
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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16
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Geertsma ER, Oliver D. SLC26 Anion Transporters. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2024; 283:319-360. [PMID: 37947907 DOI: 10.1007/164_2023_698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Solute carrier family 26 (SLC26) is a family of functionally diverse anion transporters found in all kingdoms of life. Anions transported by SLC26 proteins include chloride, bicarbonate, and sulfate, but also small organic dicarboxylates such as fumarate and oxalate. The human genome encodes ten functional homologs, several of which are causally associated with severe human diseases, highlighting their physiological importance. Here, we review novel insights into the structure and function of SLC26 proteins and summarize the physiological relevance of human members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Geertsma
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Dominik Oliver
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Universities of Marburg and Giessen, Marburg, Giessen, Germany.
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17
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De Vreese S, Orekhova K, Morell M, Gerussi T, Graïc JM. Neuroanatomy of the Cetacean Sensory Systems. Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:66. [PMID: 38200796 PMCID: PMC10778493 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cetaceans have undergone profound sensory adaptations in response to their aquatic environment during evolution. These adaptations are characterised by anatomo-functional changes in the classically defined sensory systems, shaping their neuroanatomy accordingly. This review offers a concise and up-to-date overview of our current understanding of the neuroanatomy associated with cetacean sensory systems. It encompasses a wide spectrum, ranging from the peripheral sensory cells responsible for detecting environmental cues, to the intricate structures within the central nervous system that process and interpret sensory information. Despite considerable progress in this field, numerous knowledge gaps persist, impeding a comprehensive and integrated understanding of their sensory adaptations, and through them, of their sensory perspective. By synthesising recent advances in neuroanatomical research, this review aims to shed light on the intricate sensory alterations that differentiate cetaceans from other mammals and allow them to thrive in the marine environment. Furthermore, it highlights pertinent knowledge gaps and invites future investigations to deepen our understanding of the complex processes in cetacean sensory ecology and anatomy, physiology and pathology in the scope of conservation biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen De Vreese
- Laboratory of Applied Bioacoustics (LAB), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech (UPC), 08800 Vilanova i la Geltrú, Spain
| | - Ksenia Orekhova
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (K.O.); (T.G.); (J.-M.G.)
| | - Maria Morell
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research (ITAW), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 25761 Büsum, Germany;
| | - Tommaso Gerussi
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (K.O.); (T.G.); (J.-M.G.)
| | - Jean-Marie Graïc
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (K.O.); (T.G.); (J.-M.G.)
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18
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Wang HC, Phan TN, Kao CL, Yeh CK, Lin YC. Genetically encoded mediators for sonogenetics and their applications in neuromodulation. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1326279. [PMID: 38188668 PMCID: PMC10766825 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1326279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Sonogenetics is an emerging approach that harnesses ultrasound for the manipulation of genetically modified cells. The great penetrability of ultrasound waves enables the non-invasive application of external stimuli to deep tissues, particularly advantageous for brain stimulation. Genetically encoded ultrasound mediators, a set of proteins that respond to ultrasound-induced bio-effects, play a critical role in determining the effectiveness and applications of sonogenetics. In this context, we will provide an overview of these ultrasound-responsive mediators, delve into the molecular mechanisms governing their response to ultrasound stimulation, and summarize their applications in neuromodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Chu Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Thi-Nhan Phan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ling Kao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kuang Yeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Lin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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19
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Lee YY, Ha J, Kim YS, Ramani S, Sung S, Gil ES, Choo OS, Jang JH, Choung YH. Abnormal Cholesterol Metabolism and Lysosomal Dysfunction Induce Age-Related Hearing Loss by Inhibiting mTORC1-TFEB-Dependent Autophagy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17513. [PMID: 38139347 PMCID: PMC10743727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is a risk factor for age-related hearing loss (ARHL). However, the effect of cholesterol on the organ of Corti during the onset of ARHL is unclear. We established a mouse model for the ARHL group (24 months, n = 12) and a young group (6 months, n = 12). Auditory thresholds were measured in both groups using auditory brainstem response (ABR) at frequencies of 8, 16, and 32 kHz. Subsequently, mice were sacrificed and subjected to histological analyses, including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), H&E, Sudan Black B (SBB), and Filipin staining, as well as biochemical assays such as IHC, enzymatic analysis, and immunoblotting. Additionally, mRNA extracted from both young and aged cochlea underwent RNA sequencing. To identify the mechanism, in vitro studies utilizing HEI-OC1 cells were also performed. RNA sequencing showed a positive correlation with increased expression of genes related to metabolic diseases, cholesterol homeostasis, and target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling in the ARHL group as compared to the younger group. In addition, ARHL tissues exhibited increased cholesterol and lipofuscin aggregates in the organ of Corti, lateral walls, and spiral ganglion neurons. Autophagic flux was inhibited by the accumulation of damaged lysosomes and autolysosomes. Subsequently, we observed a decrease in the level of transcription factor EB (TFEB) protein, which regulates lysosomal biosynthesis and autophagy, together with increased mTORC1 activity in ARHL tissues. These changes in TFEB and mTORC1 expression were observed in a cholesterol-dependent manner. Treatment of ARHL mice with atorvastatin, a cholesterol synthesis inhibitor, delayed hearing loss by reducing the cholesterol level and maintaining lysosomal function and autophagy by inhibiting mTORC1 and activating TFEB. The above findings were confirmed using stress-induced premature senescent House Ear Institute organ of Corti 1 (HEI-OC1) cells. The findings implicate cholesterol in the pathogenesis of ARHL. We propose that atorvastatin could prevent ARHL by maintaining lysosomal function and autophagy by inhibiting mTORC1 and activating TFEB during the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yeong Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; (Y.Y.L.); (J.H.); (Y.S.K.); (S.R.); (S.S.); (J.H.J.)
| | - Jungho Ha
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; (Y.Y.L.); (J.H.); (Y.S.K.); (S.R.); (S.S.); (J.H.J.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sun Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; (Y.Y.L.); (J.H.); (Y.S.K.); (S.R.); (S.S.); (J.H.J.)
| | - Sivasubramanian Ramani
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; (Y.Y.L.); (J.H.); (Y.S.K.); (S.R.); (S.S.); (J.H.J.)
| | - Siung Sung
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; (Y.Y.L.); (J.H.); (Y.S.K.); (S.R.); (S.S.); (J.H.J.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sol Gil
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; (Y.Y.L.); (J.H.); (Y.S.K.); (S.R.); (S.S.); (J.H.J.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Oak-Sung Choo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07441, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jeong Hun Jang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; (Y.Y.L.); (J.H.); (Y.S.K.); (S.R.); (S.S.); (J.H.J.)
| | - Yun-Hoon Choung
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; (Y.Y.L.); (J.H.); (Y.S.K.); (S.R.); (S.S.); (J.H.J.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
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Li X, Ren M, Gu Y, Zhu T, Zhang Y, Li J, Li C, Wang G, Song L, Bi Z, Liu Z. In situ regeneration of inner hair cells in the damaged cochlea by temporally regulated co-expression of Atoh1 and Tbx2. Development 2023; 150:dev201888. [PMID: 38078650 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Cochlear inner hair cells (IHCs) are primary sound receptors, and are therefore a target for developing treatments for hearing impairment. IHC regeneration in vivo has been widely attempted, although not yet in the IHC-damaged cochlea. Moreover, the extent to which new IHCs resemble wild-type IHCs remains unclear, as is the ability of new IHCs to improve hearing. Here, we have developed an in vivo mouse model wherein wild-type IHCs were pre-damaged and nonsensory supporting cells were transformed into IHCs by ectopically expressing Atoh1 transiently and Tbx2 permanently. Notably, the new IHCs expressed the functional marker vGlut3 and presented similar transcriptomic and electrophysiological properties to wild-type IHCs. Furthermore, the formation efficiency and maturity of new IHCs were higher than those previously reported, although marked hearing improvement was not achieved, at least partly due to defective mechanoelectrical transduction (MET) in new IHCs. Thus, we have successfully regenerated new IHCs resembling wild-type IHCs in many respects in the damaged cochlea. Our findings suggest that the defective MET is a critical barrier that prevents the restoration of hearing capacity and should thus facilitate future IHC regeneration studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Minhui Ren
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunpeng Gu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China
| | - Jie Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Chao Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Guangqin Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Song
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China
| | - Zhenghong Bi
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Shanghai 201210, China
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21
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Takahashi S, Homma K. The molecular principles underlying diverse functions of the SLC26 family of proteins. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.10.570988. [PMID: 38106153 PMCID: PMC10723444 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.10.570988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian SLC26 proteins are membrane-based anion transporters that belong to the large SLC26/SulP family, and many of their variants are associated with hereditary diseases. Recent structural studies revealed a strikingly similar homodimeric molecular architecture for several SLC26 members, implying a shared molecular principle. Now a new question emerges as to how these structurally similar proteins execute diverse physiological functions. In this study we sought to identify the common vs. distinct molecular mechanism among the SLC26 proteins using both naturally occurring and artificial missense changes introduced to SLC26A4, SLC26A5, and SLC26A9. We found: (i) the basic residue at the anion binding site is essential for both anion antiport of SLC26A4 and motor functions of SLC26A5, and its conversion to a nonpolar residue is crucial but not sufficient for the fast uncoupled anion transport in SLC26A9; (ii) the conserved polar residues in the N- and C-terminal cytosolic domains are likely involved in dynamic hydrogen-bonding networks and are essential for anion antiport of SLC26A4 but not for motor (SLC26A5) and uncoupled anion transport (SLC26A9) functions; (iii) the hydrophobic interaction between each protomer's last transmembrane helices, TM14, is not of functional significance in SLC26A9 but crucial for the functions of SLC26A4 and SLC26A5, likely contributing to optimally orient the axis of the relative movements of the core domain with respect to the gate domains within the cell membrane. These findings advance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the diverse physiological roles of the SLC26 family of proteins.
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22
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Pan Y, Li S, He S, Wang G, Li C, Liu Z, Xiang M. Fgf8 P2A-3×GFP/+: A New Genetic Mouse Model for Specifically Labeling and Sorting Cochlear Inner Hair Cells. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:1762-1774. [PMID: 37233921 PMCID: PMC10661496 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01069-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The cochlear auditory epithelium contains two types of sound receptors, inner hair cells (IHCs) and outer hair cells (OHCs). Mouse models for labelling juvenile and adult IHCs or OHCs exist; however, labelling for embryonic and perinatal IHCs or OHCs are lacking. Here, we generated a new knock-in Fgf8P2A-3×GFP/+ (Fgf8GFP/+) strain, in which the expression of a series of three GFP fragments is controlled by endogenous Fgf8 cis-regulatory elements. After confirming that GFP expression accurately reflects the expression of Fgf8, we successfully obtained both embryonic and neonatal IHCs with high purity, highlighting the power of Fgf8GFP/+. Furthermore, our fate-mapping analysis revealed, unexpectedly, that IHCs are also derived from inner ear progenitors expressing Insm1, which is currently regarded as an OHC marker. Thus, besides serving as a highly favorable tool for sorting early IHCs, Fgf8GFP/+ will facilitate the isolation of pure early OHCs by excluding IHCs from the entire hair cell pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Pan
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Shuting Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shunji He
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Guangqin Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chao Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Mingliang Xiang
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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23
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Ma X, Guo J, Tian M, Fu Y, Jiang P, Zhang Y, Chai R. Advance and Application of Single-cell Transcriptomics in Auditory Research. Neurosci Bull 2023:10.1007/s12264-023-01149-z. [PMID: 38015350 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01149-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss and deafness, as a worldwide disability disease, have been troubling human beings. However, the auditory organ of the inner ear is highly heterogeneous and has a very limited number of cells, which are largely uncharacterized in depth. Recently, with the development and utilization of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), researchers have been able to unveil the complex and sophisticated biological mechanisms of various types of cells in the auditory organ at the single-cell level and address the challenges of cellular heterogeneity that are not resolved through by conventional bulk RNA sequencing (bulk RNA-seq). Herein, we reviewed the application of scRNA-seq technology in auditory research, with the aim of providing a reference for the development of auditory organs, the pathogenesis of hearing loss, and regenerative therapy. Prospects about spatial transcriptomic scRNA-seq, single-cell based genome, and Live-seq technology will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Jiamin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Mengyao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yaoyang Fu
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University school of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310030, China
| | - Pei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Nanjing, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Renjie Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China.
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 101408, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
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24
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Lazzeri G, Biagioni F, Ferrucci M, Puglisi-Allegra S, Lenzi P, Busceti CL, Giannessi F, Fornai F. The Relevance of Autophagy within Inner Ear in Baseline Conditions and Tinnitus-Related Syndromes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16664. [PMID: 38068993 PMCID: PMC10706730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tinnitus is the perception of noise in the absence of acoustic stimulation (phantom noise). In most patients suffering from chronic peripheral tinnitus, an alteration of outer hair cells (OHC) starting from the stereocilia (SC) occurs. This is common following ototoxic drugs, sound-induced ototoxicity, and acoustic degeneration. In all these conditions, altered coupling between the tectorial membrane (TM) and OHC SC is described. The present review analyzes the complex interactions involving OHC and TM. These need to be clarified to understand which mechanisms may underlie the onset of tinnitus and why the neuropathology of chronic degenerative tinnitus is similar, independent of early triggers. In fact, the fine neuropathology of tinnitus features altered mechanisms of mechanic-electrical transduction (MET) at the level of OHC SC. The appropriate coupling between OHC SC and TM strongly depends on autophagy. The involvement of autophagy may encompass degenerative and genetic tinnitus, as well as ototoxic drugs and acoustic trauma. Defective autophagy explains mitochondrial alterations and altered protein handling within OHC and TM. This is relevant for developing novel treatments that stimulate autophagy without carrying the burden of severe side effects. Specific phytochemicals, such as curcumin and berberin, acting as autophagy activators, may mitigate the neuropathology of tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Lazzeri
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, PI, Italy; (G.L.); (M.F.); (P.L.); (F.G.)
| | - Francesca Biagioni
- IRCCS, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy; (F.B.); (S.P.-A.); (C.L.B.)
| | - Michela Ferrucci
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, PI, Italy; (G.L.); (M.F.); (P.L.); (F.G.)
| | - Stefano Puglisi-Allegra
- IRCCS, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy; (F.B.); (S.P.-A.); (C.L.B.)
| | - Paola Lenzi
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, PI, Italy; (G.L.); (M.F.); (P.L.); (F.G.)
| | - Carla Letizia Busceti
- IRCCS, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy; (F.B.); (S.P.-A.); (C.L.B.)
| | - Francesco Giannessi
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, PI, Italy; (G.L.); (M.F.); (P.L.); (F.G.)
| | - Francesco Fornai
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, PI, Italy; (G.L.); (M.F.); (P.L.); (F.G.)
- IRCCS, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy; (F.B.); (S.P.-A.); (C.L.B.)
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25
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You D, Ni W, Huang Y, Zhou Q, Zhang Y, Jiang T, Chen Y, Li W. The proper timing of Atoh1 expression is pivotal for hair cell subtype differentiation and the establishment of inner ear function. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:349. [PMID: 37930405 PMCID: PMC10628023 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04947-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Atoh1 overexpression is essential for hair cell (HC) regeneration in the sensory epithelium of mammalian auditory and vestibular organs. However, Atoh1 overexpression alone cannot induce fully mature and functional HCs in the mammalian inner ear. In the current study, we investigated the effect of Atoh1 constitutive overexpression in native HCs by manipulating Atoh1 expression at different developmental stages. We demonstrated that constitutive overexpression of Atoh1 in native vestibular HCs did not affect cell survival but did impair vestibular function by interfering with the subtype differentiation of HCs and hair bundle development. In contrast, Atoh1 overexpression in cochlear HCs impeded their maturation, eventually leading to gradual HC loss in the cochlea and hearing dysfunction. Our study suggests that time-restricted Atoh1 expression is essential for the differentiation and survival of HCs in the inner ear, and this is pivotal for both hearing and vestibular function re-establishment through Atoh1 overexpression-induced HC regeneration strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan You
- ENT Institute, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenli Ni
- ENT Institute, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yikang Huang
- ENT Institute, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Zhou
- ENT Institute, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- ENT Institute, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Jiang
- ENT Institute, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Chen
- ENT Institute, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenyan Li
- ENT Institute, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Kuwabara MF, Haddad BG, Lenz-Schwab D, Hartmann J, Longo P, Huckschlag BM, Fuß A, Questino A, Berger TK, Machtens JP, Oliver D. Elevator-like movements of prestin mediate outer hair cell electromotility. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7145. [PMID: 37932294 PMCID: PMC10628124 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42489-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The outstanding acuity of the mammalian ear relies on cochlear amplification, an active mechanism based on the electromotility (eM) of outer hair cells. eM is a piezoelectric mechanism generated by little-understood, voltage-induced conformational changes of the anion transporter homolog prestin (SLC26A5). We used a combination of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and biophysical approaches to identify the structural dynamics of prestin that mediate eM. MD simulations showed that prestin samples a vast conformational landscape with expanded (ES) and compact (CS) states beyond previously reported prestin structures. Transition from CS to ES is dominated by the translational-rotational movement of prestin's transport domain, akin to elevator-type substrate translocation by related solute carriers. Reversible transition between CS and ES states was supported experimentally by cysteine accessibility scanning, cysteine cross-linking between transport and scaffold domains, and voltage-clamp fluorometry (VCF). Our data demonstrate that prestin's piezoelectric dynamics recapitulate essential steps of a structurally conserved ion transport cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto F Kuwabara
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Philipps University Marburg, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Bassam G Haddad
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-1), Molekular- und Zellphysiologie, and JARA-HPC, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Dominik Lenz-Schwab
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Philipps University Marburg, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Julia Hartmann
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Philipps University Marburg, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Piersilvio Longo
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-1), Molekular- und Zellphysiologie, and JARA-HPC, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Britt-Marie Huckschlag
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Philipps University Marburg, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Anneke Fuß
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Philipps University Marburg, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Annalisa Questino
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Philipps University Marburg, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thomas K Berger
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Philipps University Marburg, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jan-Philipp Machtens
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-1), Molekular- und Zellphysiologie, and JARA-HPC, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Dominik Oliver
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Philipps University Marburg, 35037, Marburg, Germany.
- DFG Research Training Group, Membrane Plasticity in Tissue Development and Remodeling, GRK 2213, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany.
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Universities of Marburg and Giessen, Marburg, Germany.
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27
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Zhang Y, Lin G, Xue N, Wang Y, Du T, Liu H, Xiong W, Shang W, Wu H, Song L. Differential outcomes of high-fat diet on age-related rescaling of cochlear frequency place coding. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23167. [PMID: 37651093 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300457rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Auditory frequency coding is place-specific, which depends on the mechanical coupling of the basilar membrane-outer hair cell (OHC)-tectorial membrane network. Prestin-based OHC electromotility improves cochlear frequency selectivity and sensitivity. Cochlear amplification determines the frequency coding wherein discrete sound frequencies find a 'best' place along the cochlear length. Loss of OHC is the leading cause of age-related hearing loss (ARHL) and is the most common cause of sensorineural hearing loss and compromised speech perception. Lipid interaction with Prestin impacts OHC function. It has been established that high-fat diet (HFD) is associated with ARHL. To determine whether genetic background and metabolism preserve cochlear frequency place coding, we examined the effect of HFD in C57BL/6J (B6) and CBA/CaJ (CBA) on ARHL.We found a significant rescuing effect on ARHL in aged B6 HFD cohort. Prestin levels and cell sizes were better maintained in the experimental B6-HFD group. We also found that distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) group delay measurement was preserved, which suggested stable frequency place coding. In contrast, the response to HFD in the CBA cohort was modest with no appreciable benefit to hearing threshold. Notably, group delay was shortened with age along with the control. In addition, the frequency dependent OHC nonlinear capacitance gradient was most pronounced at young age but decreased with age. Cochlear RNA-seq analysis revealed differential TRPV1 expression and lipid homeostasis. Activation of TRPV1 and downregulation of arachidonic acid led to downregulation of inflammatory response in B6 HFD, which protects the cochlea from ARHL. The genetic background and metabolic state-derived changes in OHC morphology and function collectively contribute to a redefined cochlear frequency place coding and improved age-related pitch perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Guotong Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Xue
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Du
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Huihui Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Shang
- Navy Clinical Medical School, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- In Vitro Fertility (IVF) Center Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Song
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
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28
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Petit C, Bonnet C, Safieddine S. Deafness: from genetic architecture to gene therapy. Nat Rev Genet 2023; 24:665-686. [PMID: 37173518 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-023-00597-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Progress in deciphering the genetic architecture of human sensorineural hearing impairment (SNHI) or loss, and multidisciplinary studies of mouse models, have led to the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying auditory system function, primarily in the cochlea, the mammalian hearing organ. These studies have provided unparalleled insights into the pathophysiological processes involved in SNHI, paving the way for the development of inner-ear gene therapy based on gene replacement, gene augmentation or gene editing. The application of these approaches in preclinical studies over the past decade has highlighted key translational opportunities and challenges for achieving effective, safe and sustained inner-ear gene therapy to prevent or cure monogenic forms of SNHI and associated balance disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Petit
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Institut de l'Audition, F-75012, Paris, France.
- Collège de France, F-75005, Paris, France.
| | - Crystel Bonnet
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Institut de l'Audition, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Saaïd Safieddine
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Institut de l'Audition, F-75012, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F-75016, Paris, France
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29
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Cheatham MA. Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions in Mice Above and Below the Eliciting Primaries. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2023; 24:413-428. [PMID: 37464091 PMCID: PMC10504173 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-023-00903-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal hearing is associated with cochlear nonlinearity. When two tones (f1 and f2) are presented, the intracochlear response contains additional components that can be recorded from the ear canal as distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs). Although the most prominent intermodulation distortion component is at 2f1-f2, other cubic distortion products are also generated. Because these measurements are noninvasive, they are used in humans and in animal models to detect hearing loss. This study evaluated how loss of sensitivity affects DPOAEs with frequencies above and below the stimulating primaries, i.e., for upper sideband (USB) components like 2f2-f1 and for lower sideband (LSB) components like 2f1-f2. DPOAEs were recorded in several mouse mutants with varying degrees of hearing loss associated with structural changes to the tectorial membrane (TM), or with loss of outer hair cell (OHC) somatic electromotility due to lack of prestin or to the expression of a non-functional prestin. In mice with changes in sensitivity, magnitude reductions were observed for 2f1-f2 relative to controls with mice lacking prestin showing the greatest changes. In contrast, 2f2-f1 was minimally affected by reductions in cochlear gain due to changes in the TM or by the loss of OHC somatic electromotility. In addition, TM mutants with spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SOAEs) generated larger responses than controls at 2f2-f1 when its frequency was similar to that for the SOAEs. Although cochlear pathologies appear to affect USB and LSB DPOAEs in different ways, both 2f1-f2 and 2f2-f1 reflect nonlinearities associated with the transducer channels. However, in mice, the component at 2f2-f1 does not appear to receive enhancement due to prestin's motor action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ann Cheatham
- The Knowles Hearing Center, Roxelyn and Richard Pepper Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, 2-240 Frances Searle Building, 2240 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
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30
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Moore ST, Nakamura T, Nie J, Solivais AJ, Aristizábal-Ramírez I, Ueda Y, Manikandan M, Reddy VS, Romano DR, Hoffman JR, Perrin BJ, Nelson RF, Frolenkov GI, Chuva de Sousa Lopes SM, Hashino E. Generating high-fidelity cochlear organoids from human pluripotent stem cells. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:950-961.e7. [PMID: 37419105 PMCID: PMC10695300 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Mechanosensitive hair cells in the cochlea are responsible for hearing but are vulnerable to damage by genetic mutations and environmental insults. The paucity of human cochlear tissues makes it difficult to study cochlear hair cells. Organoids offer a compelling platform to study scarce tissues in vitro; however, derivation of cochlear cell types has proven non-trivial. Here, using 3D cultures of human pluripotent stem cells, we sought to replicate key differentiation cues of cochlear specification. We found that timed modulations of Sonic Hedgehog and WNT signaling promote ventral gene expression in otic progenitors. Ventralized otic progenitors subsequently give rise to elaborately patterned epithelia containing hair cells with morphology, marker expression, and functional properties consistent with both outer and inner hair cells in the cochlea. These results suggest that early morphogenic cues are sufficient to drive cochlear induction and establish an unprecedented system to model the human auditory organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T Moore
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Takashi Nakamura
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jing Nie
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Alexander J Solivais
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | | | - Yoshitomo Ueda
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Mayakannan Manikandan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - V Shweta Reddy
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Daniel R Romano
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - John R Hoffman
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Benjamin J Perrin
- Department of Biology, Purdue School of Science, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Rick F Nelson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | | | | | - Eri Hashino
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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31
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Fettiplace R. Cochlear tonotopy from proteins to perception. Bioessays 2023:e2300058. [PMID: 37329318 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
A ubiquitous feature of the auditory organ in amniotes is the longitudinal mapping of neuronal characteristic frequencies (CFs), which increase exponentially with distance along the organ. The exponential tonotopic map reflects variation in hair cell properties according to cochlear location and is thought to stem from concentration gradients in diffusible morphogenic proteins during embryonic development. While in all amniotes the spatial gradient is initiated by sonic hedgehog (SHH), released from the notochord and floorplate, subsequent molecular pathways are not fully understood. In chickens, BMP7 is one such morphogen, secreted from the distal end of the cochlea. In mammals, the developmental mechanism differs from birds and may depend on cochlear location. A consequence of exponential maps is that each octave occupies an equal distance on the cochlea, a spacing preserved in the tonotopic maps in higher auditory brain regions. This may facilitate frequency analysis and recognition of acoustic sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Fettiplace
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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Tan WJT, Santos-Sacchi J, Tonello J, Shanker A, Ivanova AV. Pharmacological Modulation of Energy and Metabolic Pathways Protects Hearing in the Fus1/Tusc2 Knockout Model of Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1225. [PMID: 37371955 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tightly regulated and robust mitochondrial activities are critical for normal hearing. Previously, we demonstrated that Fus1/Tusc2 KO mice with mitochondrial dysfunction exhibit premature hearing loss. Molecular analysis of the cochlea revealed hyperactivation of the mTOR pathway, oxidative stress, and altered mitochondrial morphology and quantity, suggesting compromised energy sensing and production. Here, we investigated whether the pharmacological modulation of metabolic pathways using rapamycin (RAPA) or 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) supplementation can protect against hearing loss in female Fus1 KO mice. Additionally, we aimed to identify mitochondria- and Fus1/Tusc2-dependent molecular pathways and processes critical for hearing. We found that inhibiting mTOR or activating alternative mitochondrial energetic pathways to glycolysis protected hearing in the mice. Comparative gene expression analysis revealed the dysregulation of critical biological processes in the KO cochlea, including mitochondrial metabolism, neural and immune responses, and the cochlear hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis signaling system. RAPA and 2-DG mostly normalized these processes, although some genes showed a drug-specific response or no response at all. Interestingly, both drugs resulted in a pronounced upregulation of critical hearing-related genes not altered in the non-treated KO cochlea, including cytoskeletal and motor proteins and calcium-linked transporters and voltage-gated channels. These findings suggest that the pharmacological modulation of mitochondrial metabolism and bioenergetics may restore and activate processes critical for hearing, thereby protecting against hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winston J T Tan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
- Department of Surgery (Otolaryngology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Joseph Santos-Sacchi
- Department of Surgery (Otolaryngology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Jane Tonello
- School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Anil Shanker
- School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Alla V Ivanova
- School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
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33
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Capshaw G, Brown AD, Peña JL, Carr CE, Christensen-Dalsgaard J, Tollin DJ, Womack MC, McCullagh EA. The continued importance of comparative auditory research to modern scientific discovery. Hear Res 2023; 433:108766. [PMID: 37084504 PMCID: PMC10321136 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2023.108766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
A rich history of comparative research in the auditory field has afforded a synthetic view of sound information processing by ears and brains. Some organisms have proven to be powerful models for human hearing due to fundamental similarities (e.g., well-matched hearing ranges), while others feature intriguing differences (e.g., atympanic ears) that invite further study. Work across diverse "non-traditional" organisms, from small mammals to avians to amphibians and beyond, continues to propel auditory science forward, netting a variety of biomedical and technological advances along the way. In this brief review, limited primarily to tetrapod vertebrates, we discuss the continued importance of comparative studies in hearing research from the periphery to central nervous system with a focus on outstanding questions such as mechanisms for sound capture, peripheral and central processing of directional/spatial information, and non-canonical auditory processing, including efferent and hormonal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Capshaw
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
| | - Andrew D Brown
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - José L Peña
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Catherine E Carr
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | | | - Daniel J Tollin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Molly C Womack
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA.
| | - Elizabeth A McCullagh
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
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Li S, He S, Lu Y, Jia S, Liu Z. Epistatic genetic interactions between Insm1 and Ikzf2 during cochlear outer hair cell development. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112504. [PMID: 37171961 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The cochlea harbors two types of sound receptors, outer hair cells (OHCs) and inner hair cells (IHCs). OHCs transdifferentiate into IHCs in Insm1 mutants, and OHCs in Ikzf2-deficient mice are dysfunctional and maintain partial IHC gene expression. Insm1 potentially acts as a positive but indirect regulator of Ikzf2, considering that Insm1 is expressed earlier than Ikzf2 and primarily functions as a transcriptional repressor. However, direct evidence of this possibility is lacking. Here, we report the following results: first, Insm1 overexpression in IHCs leads to ectopic Ikzf2 expression. Second, Ikzf2 expression is repressed in Insm1-deficient OHCs, and forced expression of Ikzf2 mitigates the OHC abnormality in Insm1 mutants. Last, dual ablation of Insm1 and Ikzf2 generates a similar OHC phenotype as does Insm1 ablation alone. Collectively, our findings reveal the transcriptional cascade from Insm1 to Ikzf2, which should facilitate future investigation of the molecular mechanisms underlying OHC development and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shunji He
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shiqi Jia
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Shanghai 201210, China.
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35
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Tan WJT, Song L. Role of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in sensorineural hearing loss. Hear Res 2023; 434:108783. [PMID: 37167889 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2023.108783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) can either be genetically inherited or acquired as a result of aging, noise exposure, or ototoxic drugs. Although the precise pathophysiological mechanisms underlying SNHL remain unclear, an overwhelming body of evidence implicates mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress playing a central etiological role. With its high metabolic demands, the cochlea, particularly the sensory hair cells, stria vascularis, and spiral ganglion neurons, is vulnerable to the damaging effects of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondrial dysfunction and consequent oxidative stress in cochlear cells can be caused by inherited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations (hereditary hearing loss and aminoglycoside-induced ototoxicity), accumulation of acquired mtDNA mutations with age (age-related hearing loss), mitochondrial overdrive and calcium dysregulation (noise-induced hearing loss and cisplatin-induced ototoxicity), or accumulation of ototoxic drugs within hair cell mitochondria (drug-induced hearing loss). In this review, we provide an overview of our current knowledge on the role of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in the development of SNHL caused by genetic mutations, aging, exposure to excessive noise, and ototoxic drugs. We also explore the advancements in antioxidant therapies for the different forms of acquired SNHL that are being evaluated in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winston J T Tan
- Department of Surgery (Otolaryngology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.
| | - Lei Song
- Department of Surgery (Otolaryngology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China; Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China.
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Santos-Sacchi J, Bai JP, Navaratnam D. Megahertz Sampling of Prestin (SLC26a5) Voltage-Sensor Charge Movements in Outer Hair Cell Membranes Reveals Ultrasonic Activity that May Support Electromotility and Cochlear Amplification. J Neurosci 2023; 43:2460-2468. [PMID: 36868859 PMCID: PMC10082455 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2033-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Charged moieties in the outer hair cell (OHC) membrane motor protein, prestin, are driven by transmembrane voltage to power OHC electromotility (eM) and cochlear amplification (CA), an enhancement of mammalian hearing. Consequently, the speed of prestin's conformational switching constrains its dynamic influence on micromechanics of the cell and the organ of Corti. Corresponding voltage-sensor charge movements in prestin, classically assessed as a voltage-dependent, nonlinear membrane capacitance (NLC), have been used to gauge its frequency response, but have been validly measured only out to 30 kHz. Thus, controversy exists concerning the effectiveness of eM in supporting CA at ultrasonic frequencies where some mammals can hear. Using megahertz sampling of guinea pig (either sex) prestin charge movements, we extend interrogations of NLC into the ultrasonic range (up to 120 kHz) and find an order of magnitude larger response at 80 kHz than previously predicted, indicating that an influence of eM at ultrasonic frequencies is likely, in line with recent in vivo results (Levic et al., 2022). Given wider bandwidth interrogations, we also validate kinetic model predictions of prestin by directly observing its characteristic cut-off frequency under voltage-clamp as the intersection frequency (Fis), near 19 kHz, of the real and imaginary components of complex NLC (cNLC). The frequency response of prestin displacement current noise determined from either the Nyquist relation or stationary measures aligns with this cut-off. We conclude that voltage stimulation accurately assesses the spectral limits of prestin activity, and that voltage-dependent conformational switching is physiologically significant in the ultrasonic range.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The motor protein prestin powers outer hair cell (OHC) electromotility (eM) and cochlear amplification (CA), an enhancement of high-frequency mammalian hearing. The ability of prestin to work at very high frequencies depends on its membrane voltage-driven conformation switching. Using megahertz sampling, we extend measures of prestin charge movement into the ultrasonic range and find response magnitude at 80 kHz an order of magnitude larger than previously estimated, despite confirmation of previous low pass characteristic frequency cut-offs. The frequency response of prestin noise garnered by the admittance-based Nyquist relation or stationary noise measures confirms this characteristic cut-off frequency. Our data indicate that voltage perturbation provides accurate assessment of prestin performance indicating that it can support cochlear amplification into a higher frequency range than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Santos-Sacchi
- Surgery (Otolaryngology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
- Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
| | - Jun-Ping Bai
- Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
| | - Dhasakumar Navaratnam
- Surgery (Otolaryngology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
- Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
- Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
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37
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Ashmore JF, Oghalai JS, Dewey JB, Olson ES, Strimbu CE, Wang Y, Shera CA, Altoè A, Abdala C, Elgoyhen AB, Eatock RA, Raphael RM. The Remarkable Outer Hair Cell: Proceedings of a Symposium in Honour of W. E. Brownell. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2023; 24:117-127. [PMID: 36648734 PMCID: PMC10121982 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-022-00852-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In 1985, Bill Brownell and colleagues published the remarkable observation that cochlear outer hair cells (OHCs) express voltage-driven mechanical motion: electromotility. They proposed OHC electromotility as the mechanism for the elusive "cochlear amplifier" required to explain the sensitivity of mammalian hearing. The finding and hypothesis stimulated an explosion of experiments that have transformed our understanding of cochlear mechanics and physiology, the evolution of hair cell structure and function, and audiology. Here, we bring together examples of current research that illustrate the continuing impact of the discovery of OHC electromotility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John S Oghalai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - James B Dewey
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Olson
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York City, USA
| | - Clark E Strimbu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York City, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York City, USA
| | - Christopher A Shera
- Caruso Department of Otolaryngology and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Alessandro Altoè
- Caruso Department of Otolaryngology and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Carolina Abdala
- Caruso Department of Otolaryngology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Ana B Elgoyhen
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres" (INGEBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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38
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Altoè A, Shera CA. The Long Outer-Hair-Cell RC Time Constant: A Feature, Not a Bug, of the Mammalian Cochlea. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2023; 24:129-145. [PMID: 36725778 PMCID: PMC10121995 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-022-00884-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The cochlea of the mammalian inner ear includes an active, hydromechanical amplifier thought to arise via the piezoelectric action of the outer hair cells (OHCs). A classic problem of cochlear biophysics is that the RC (resistance-capacitance) time constant of the hair-cell membrane appears inconveniently long, producing an effective cut-off frequency much lower than that of most audible sounds. The long RC time constant implies that the OHC receptor potential-and hence its electromotile response-decreases by roughly two orders of magnitude over the frequency range of mammalian hearing, casting doubt on the hypothesized role of cycle-by-cycle OHC-based amplification in mammalian hearing. Here, we review published data and basic physics to show that the "RC problem" has been magnified by viewing it through the wrong lens. Our analysis finds no appreciable mismatch between the expected magnitude of high-frequency electromotility and the sound-evoked displacements of the organ of Corti. Rather than precluding significant OHC-based boosts to auditory sensitivity, the long RC time constant appears beneficial for hearing, reducing the effects of internal noise and distortion while increasing the fidelity of cochlear amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Altoè
- Caruso Department of Otolaryngology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Christopher A Shera
- Caruso Department of Otolaryngology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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39
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Asli RH, Akbarpour M, Lahiji MR, Leyli EK, Pastadast M, Ramezani H, Nemati S. Evaluation of the relationship between prestin serum biomarker and sensorineural hearing loss: a case-control study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 280:1147-1153. [PMID: 35939060 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-022-07586-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RESEARCH BACKGROUND AND AIM There is not any routine serum biomarker for diagnosing hearing loss (HL). An inner ear-specific protein, prestin can be measured as a serum biochemical marker for HL diagnosis. The present study investigates, for the first time, the relationship between prestin serum levels and sensorineural HL (SNHL) in an Iranian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this case-control study, 176 samples were examined in four groups including two control and two SNHL groups of 20-50 and ≥ 50 years with different severities of SNHL. Plasma prestin concentration was measured using Human Prestin (SLC26A5) ELISA Kit. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS v.23 with level of significance as 0.05. RESULTS Groups with SNHL had higher prestin levels (Mean = 182.29, SD = 71.24) compared to the control groups (Mean = 122.50, SD = 57.1) (P < 0.001). Results of the multinomial logistic regression of relationship between prestin level and SNHL remained significant after controlling intervening variables (P < 0.001 and odds ratio = 1.017 and 95% CI OR: 1.01-1.024). Results of the ordinal logistic regression model revealed that prestin level was significantly associated with the degree of HL (P < 0.001 and Odds ratio = 1.009 and 95% CI and OR: 1.005-1.013), so that the likelihood of HL increased with the rise in prestin levels. The best cutoff point for the 20-50 group was the prestin content of 132.5 pg/ml (sensitivity: 75%, specificity: 70.05%), while for the group of ≥ 50 was as 130 pg/ml (sensitivity: 84.1%, specificity: 68.2%). CONCLUSIONS Results of the present study revealed that prestin acts as a valuable biomarker for SNHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rastin Hosseinzadeh Asli
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, School of Medicine, Amir Al-Momenin Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, 4139637459, Iran
| | - Maliheh Akbarpour
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, School of Medicine, Amir Al-Momenin Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, 4139637459, Iran
| | - Mahtab Raji Lahiji
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, School of Medicine, Amir Al-Momenin Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, 4139637459, Iran
| | - Ehsan Kazemnezhad Leyli
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Masoume Pastadast
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, School of Medicine, Amir Al-Momenin Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, 4139637459, Iran
| | - Hedieh Ramezani
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, School of Medicine, Amir Al-Momenin Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, 4139637459, Iran
| | - Shadman Nemati
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, School of Medicine, Amir Al-Momenin Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, 4139637459, Iran.
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40
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Loh YM, Su MP, Ellis DA, Andrés M. The auditory efferent system in mosquitoes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1123738. [PMID: 36923250 PMCID: PMC10009176 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1123738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Whilst acoustic communication forms an integral component of the mating behavior of many insect species, it is particularly crucial for disease-transmitting mosquitoes; swarming males rely on hearing the faint sounds of flying females for courtship initiation. That males can hear females within the din of a swarm is testament to their fabulous auditory systems. Mosquito hearing is highly frequency-selective, remarkably sensitive and, most strikingly, supported by an elaborate system of auditory efferent neurons that modulate the auditory function - the only documented example amongst insects. Peripheral release of octopamine, serotonin and GABA appears to differentially modulate hearing across major disease-carrying mosquito species, with receptors from other neurotransmitter families also identified in their ears. Because mosquito mating relies on hearing the flight tones of mating partners, the auditory efferent system offers new potential targets for mosquito control. It also represents a unique insect model for studying auditory efferent networks. Here we review current knowledge of the mosquito auditory efferent system, briefly compare it with its counterparts in other species and highlight future research directions to unravel its contribution to mosquito auditory perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- YuMin M. Loh
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Matthew P. Su
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - David A. Ellis
- UCL Ear Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Andrés
- UCL Ear Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
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41
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Future Pharmacotherapy for Sensorineural Hearing Loss by Protection and Regeneration of Auditory Hair Cells. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030777. [PMID: 36986638 PMCID: PMC10054686 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss has been a global burden of diseases for decades. However, according to recent progress in experimental studies on hair cell regeneration and protection, clinical trials of pharmacotherapy for sensorineural hearing loss have rapidly progressed. In this review, we focus on recent clinical trials for hair cell protection and regeneration and outline mechanisms based on associated experimental studies. Outcomes of recent clinical trials provided valuable data regarding the safety and tolerability of intra-cochlear and intra-tympanic applications as drug delivery methods. Recent findings in molecular mechanisms of hair cell regeneration suggested the realization of regenerative medicine for sensorineural hearing loss in the near future.
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42
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O'Sullivan JDB, Bullen A, Mann ZF. Mitochondrial form and function in hair cells. Hear Res 2023; 428:108660. [PMID: 36525891 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2022.108660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Hair cells (HCs) are specialised sensory receptors residing in the neurosensory epithelia of inner ear sense organs. The precise morphological and physiological properties of HCs allow us to perceive sound and interact with the world around us. Mitochondria play a significant role in normal HC function and are also intricately involved in HC death. They generate ATP essential for sustaining the activity of ion pumps, Ca2+ transporters and the integrity of the stereociliary bundle during transduction as well as regulating cytosolic calcium homoeostasis during synaptic transmission. Advances in imaging techniques have allowed us to study mitochondrial populations throughout the HC, and how they interact with other organelles. These analyses have identified distinct mitochondrial populations between the apical and basolateral portions of the HC, in which mitochondrial morphology appears determined by the physiological processes in the different cellular compartments. Studies in HCs across species show that ototoxic agents, ageing and noise damage directly impact mitochondrial structure and function resulting in HC death. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying this mitochondrial sensitivity, and how their morphology relates to their function during HC death, requires that we first understand this relationship in the context of normal HC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D B O'Sullivan
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral, Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, U.K
| | - Anwen Bullen
- UCL Ear Institute, University College London, London WC1×8EE, U.K.
| | - Zoë F Mann
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral, Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, U.K.
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Lipovsek M, Elgoyhen AB. The evolutionary tuning of hearing. Trends Neurosci 2023; 46:110-123. [PMID: 36621369 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
After the transition to life on land, tympanic middle ears emerged separately in different groups of tetrapods, facilitating the efficient detection of airborne sounds and paving the way for high frequency sensitivity. The processes that brought about high-frequency hearing in mammals are tightly linked to the accumulation of coding sequence changes in inner ear genes; many of which were selected during evolution. These include proteins involved in hair bundle morphology, mechanotransduction and high endolymphatic potential, somatic electromotility for sound amplification, ribbon synapses for high-fidelity transmission of sound stimuli, and efferent synapses for the modulation of sound amplification. Here, we review the molecular evolutionary processes behind auditory functional innovation. Overall, the evidence to date supports the hypothesis that changes in inner ear proteins were central to the fine tuning of mammalian hearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Lipovsek
- Ear Institute, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Ana Belén Elgoyhen
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres" (INGEBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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44
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Rabbitt RD, Bidone TC. A parametric blueprint for optimum cochlear outer hair cell design. J R Soc Interface 2023; 20:20220762. [PMID: 36789510 PMCID: PMC9929500 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2022.0762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work examines the hypothesis that cochlear outer hair cell (OHC) properties vary in precise proportions along the tonotopic map to optimize electromechanical power conversion. We tested this hypothesis using a very simple model of a single isolated OHC driving a mechanical load. Results identify three non-dimensional ratios that are predicted to optimize power conversion: the ratio of the resistive-capacitive (RC) corner to the characteristic frequency (CF), the ratio of nonlinear to linear capacitance and the ratio of OHC stiffness to cochlear load stiffness. Optimum efficiency requires all three ratios to be universal constants, independent of CF and species. The same ratios are cardinal control parameters that maximize power output by positioning the OHC operating point on the edge of a dynamic instability. Results support the hypothesis that OHC properties evolved to optimize electro-mechanical power conversion. Identification of the RC corner frequency as a control parameter reveals a powerful mechanism used by medial olivocochlear efferent system to control OHC power output. Results indicate the upper-frequency limit of OHC power output is not constrained by the speed of the motor itself but instead is probably limited by the size of the nucleus and membrane surface area available for ion-channel expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D. Rabbitt
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, 36 S Wasatch Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA,Otolaryngology, University of Utah, 36 S Wasatch Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA,Neuroscience Program, University of Utah, 36 S Wasatch Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Tamara C. Bidone
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, 36 S Wasatch Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA,Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, 36 S Wasatch Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA,Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, 36 S Wasatch Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA,Scientific Computing & Imaging Institute, University of Utah, 36 S Wasatch Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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45
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Yadav RS, Das C, Chakrabarti R. Dynamics of a spherical self-propelled tracer in a polymeric medium: interplay of self-propulsion, stickiness, and crowding. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:689-700. [PMID: 36598025 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01626e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We employ computer simulations to study the dynamics of a self-propelled spherical tracer particle in a viscoelastic medium, made of a long polymer chain. Here, the interplay between viscoelasticity, stickiness, and activity (self-propulsion) brings additional complexity to the tracer dynamics. Our simulations show that on increasing the stickiness of the tracer particle to the polymer beads, the dynamics of the tracer particle slows down as it gets stuck to the polymer chain and moves along with it. But with increasing self-propulsion velocity, the dynamics gets enhanced. In the case of increasing stickiness as well as activity, the non-Gaussian parameter (NGP) exhibits non-monotonic behavior, which also shows up in the re-scaled self part of the van-Hove function. Non-Gaussianity results owing to the enhanced binding events and the sticky motion of the tracer along with the chain with increasing stickiness. On the other hand, with increasing activity, initially non-Gaussianity increases as the tracer moves through the heterogeneous polymeric environment but for higher activity, the tracer escapes resulting in a negative NGP. For higher values of stickiness, the trapping time distributions of the passive tracer particle broaden and have long tails. On the other hand, for a given stickiness with increasing self-propulsion force, the trapping time distributions become narrower and have short tails. We believe that our current simulation study will be helpful in elucidating the complex motion of activity-driven probes in viscoelastic media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramanand Singh Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Chintu Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Rajarshi Chakrabarti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India.
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Kumar P, Chakrabarti R. Dynamics of self-propelled tracer particles inside a polymer network. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:1937-1946. [PMID: 36541408 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04253c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The transport of tracer particles through mesh-like environments such as biological hydrogels and polymer matrices is ubiquitous in nature. These tracers can be passive, such as colloids, or active (self-propelled), for example, synthetic nanomotors or bacteria. Computer simulations in principle could be extremely useful in exploring the mechanism of the active transport of tracer particles through mesh-like environments. Therefore, we construct a polymer network on a diamond lattice and use computer simulations to investigate the dynamics of spherical self-propelled particles inside the network. Our main objective is to elucidate the effect of the self-propulsion on the tracer particle dynamics as a function of the tracer size and the stiffness of the polymer network. We compute the time-averaged mean-squared displacement (MSD) and the van-Hove correlations of the tracer. On the one hand, in the case of a bigger sticky particle, the caging caused by the network particles wins over the escape assisted by the self-propulsion. This results an intermediate-time subdiffusion. On the other hand, smaller tracers or tracers with high self-propulsion velocities can easily escape from the cages and show intermediate-time superdiffusion. The stiffer the network, the slower the dynamics of the tracer, and bigger tracers exhibit longer lived intermediate time superdiffusion, since the persistence time scales as ∼σ3, where σ is the diameter of the tracer. At the intermediate time, non-Gaussianity is more pronounced for active tracers. At the long time, the dynamics of the tracer, if passive or weakly active, becomes Gaussian and diffusive, but remains flat for tracers with high self-propulsion, accounting for their seemingly unrestricted motion inside the network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Rajarshi Chakrabarti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India.
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Liu X, Han K, Zhou M, Wu Y. Association between otolin-1 and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: A meta-analysis. Front Neurol 2022; 13:950023. [PMID: 36601298 PMCID: PMC9806859 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.950023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is increasing research on the potential of inner ear proteins as serum biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of various inner ear diseases. Among them, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common vestibular disease. Notably, otolin-1, an inner ear-specific protein, is detectable in the serum of most patients with BPPV patients. Therefore, we found a need to conduct this meta-analysis to determine the relationship between otolin-1 in serum and BPPV. Methods This meta-analysis was conducted by searching PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and China Network Knowledge Infrastructure databases for the eligible original studies in Chinese or English published between January 2010 and February 2022. Data were collected and pooled by using the mean differences (MDs) corresponding to 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity among these studies was assessed by using I2 statistics and the adopted fixed or random-effect mode thereafter. Egger's and Begg's tests were also used to assess the publication bias. Results This meta-analysis included six articles with a total of 585 participants. Serum otolin-1 levels were remarkably increased in patients with BPPV as compared to that in healthy controls (MD: 165.38, 95% CI: 110.13-220.64, p < 0.00001). However, Egger's and Begg's tests have indicated no publication bias, and the results were reliable based on the sensitivity analysis. Conclusion This meta-analysis indicated that there is a higher serum level of otolin-1 in patients with BPPV than in healthy controls. Therefore, otolin-1 may serve as a biomarker for the onset of BPPV.
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Parker A, Parham K, Skoe E. Age-related declines to serum prestin levels in humans. Hear Res 2022; 426:108640. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2022.108640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Iyer AA, Hosamani I, Nguyen JD, Cai T, Singh S, McGovern MM, Beyer L, Zhang H, Jen HI, Yousaf R, Birol O, Sun JJ, Ray RS, Raphael Y, Segil N, Groves AK. Cellular reprogramming with ATOH1, GFI1, and POU4F3 implicate epigenetic changes and cell-cell signaling as obstacles to hair cell regeneration in mature mammals. eLife 2022; 11:e79712. [PMID: 36445327 PMCID: PMC9708077 DOI: 10.7554/elife.79712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming of the cochlea with hair-cell-specific transcription factors such as ATOH1 has been proposed as a potential therapeutic strategy for hearing loss. ATOH1 expression in the developing cochlea can efficiently induce hair cell regeneration but the efficiency of hair cell reprogramming declines rapidly as the cochlea matures. We developed Cre-inducible mice to compare hair cell reprogramming with ATOH1 alone or in combination with two other hair cell transcription factors, GFI1 and POU4F3. In newborn mice, all transcription factor combinations tested produced large numbers of cells with the morphology of hair cells and rudimentary mechanotransduction properties. However, 1 week later, only a combination of ATOH1, GFI1 and POU4F3 could reprogram non-sensory cells of the cochlea to a hair cell fate, and these new cells were less mature than cells generated by reprogramming 1 week earlier. We used scRNA-seq and combined scRNA-seq and ATAC-seq to suggest at least two impediments to hair cell reprogramming in older animals. First, hair cell gene loci become less epigenetically accessible in non-sensory cells of the cochlea with increasing age. Second, signaling from hair cells to supporting cells, including Notch signaling, can prevent reprogramming of many supporting cells to hair cells, even with three hair cell transcription factors. Our results shed light on the molecular barriers that must be overcome to promote hair cell regeneration in the adult cochlea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita A Iyer
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| | - Ishwar Hosamani
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| | - John D Nguyen
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology at USCLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Tiantian Cai
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| | - Sunita Singh
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| | - Melissa M McGovern
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| | - Lisa Beyer
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Hongyuan Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| | - Hsin-I Jen
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| | - Rizwan Yousaf
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| | - Onur Birol
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| | - Jenny J Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| | - Russell S Ray
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| | - Yehoash Raphael
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Neil Segil
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology at USCLos AngelesUnited States
- Caruso Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Andrew K Groves
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
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50
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Qiu X, Müller U. Sensing sound: Cellular specializations and molecular force sensors. Neuron 2022; 110:3667-3687. [PMID: 36223766 PMCID: PMC9671866 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Organisms of all phyla express mechanosensitive ion channels with a wide range of physiological functions. In recent years, several classes of mechanically gated ion channels have been identified. Some of these ion channels are intrinsically mechanosensitive. Others depend on accessory proteins to regulate their response to mechanical force. The mechanotransduction machinery of cochlear hair cells provides a particularly striking example of a complex force-sensing machine. This molecular ensemble is embedded into a specialized cellular compartment that is crucial for its function. Notably, mechanotransduction channels of cochlear hair cells are not only critical for auditory perception. They also shape their cellular environment and regulate the development of auditory circuitry. Here, we summarize recent discoveries that have shed light on the composition of the mechanotransduction machinery of cochlear hair cells and how this machinery contributes to the development and function of the auditory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Qiu
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ulrich Müller
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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