1
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Fiala GJ, Lücke J, Huber S. Pro- and antitumorigenic functions of γδ T cells. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2451070. [PMID: 38803018 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202451070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
γδ T cells are a subset of T cells that are characterized by the expression of a TCR-γδ instead of a TCR-αβ. Despite being outnumbered by their αβ T cell counterpart in many tissues, studies from the last 20 years underline their important and non-redundant roles in tumor and metastasis development. However, whether a γδ T cell exerts pro- or antitumorigenic effects seems to depend on a variety of factors, many of them still incompletely understood today. In this review, we summarize mechanisms by which γδ T cells exert these seemingly contradictory effector functions in mice and humans. Furthermore, we discuss the current view on inducing and inhibiting factors of γδ T cells during cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina J Fiala
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for Biological Signalling Studies BIOSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jöran Lücke
- Section of Molecular Immunology and Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Samuel Huber
- Section of Molecular Immunology and Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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2
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Wang Y, Liu C, Ren Y, Song J, Fan K, Gao L, Ji X, Chen X, Zhao H. Nanomaterial-Based Strategies for Attenuating T-Cell-Mediated Immunodepression in Stroke Patients: Advancing Research Perspectives. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:5793-5812. [PMID: 38882535 PMCID: PMC11180442 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s456632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
This review article discusses the potential of nanomaterials in targeted therapy and immunomodulation for stroke-induced immunosuppression. Although nanomaterials have been extensively studied in various biomedical applications, their specific use in studying and addressing immunosuppression after stroke remains limited. Stroke-induced neuroinflammation is characterized by T-cell-mediated immunodepression, which leads to increased morbidity and mortality. Key observations related to immunodepression after stroke, including lymphopenia, T-cell dysfunction, regulatory T-cell imbalance, and cytokine dysregulation, are discussed. Nanomaterials, such as liposomes, micelles, polymeric nanoparticles, and dendrimers, offer advantages in the precise delivery of drugs to T cells, enabling enhanced targeting and controlled release of immunomodulatory agents. These nanomaterials have the potential to modulate T-cell function, promote neuroregeneration, and restore immune responses, providing new avenues for stroke treatment. However, challenges related to biocompatibility, stability, scalability, and clinical translation need to be addressed. Future research efforts should focus on comprehensive studies to validate the efficacy and safety of nanomaterial-based interventions targeting T cells in stroke-induced immunosuppression. Collaborative interdisciplinary approaches are necessary to advance the field and translate these innovative strategies into clinical practice, ultimately improving stroke outcomes and patient care.
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Grants
- This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant number 82001248), National University of Singapore (NUHSRO/2020/133/Startup/08, NUHSRO/2023/008/NUSMed/TCE/LOA, NUHSRO/2021/034/TRP/09/Nanomedicine, NUHSRO/2021/044/Kickstart/09/LOA, 23-0173-A0001), National Medical Research Council (MOH-001388-00, CG21APR1005, OFIRG23jul-0047), Singapore Ministry of Education (MOE-000387-00), and National Research Foundation (NRF-000352-00)
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cuiying Liu
- School of Nursing, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Ren
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jibin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kelong Fan
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lizeng Gao
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xunming Ji
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Theranostics Center of Excellence (TCE), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Heng Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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3
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Urakawa M, Baakhtari M, Ramah A, Imatake S, Ahmadi P, Deguchi Y, Uematsu M, Nakama Y, Imabeppu K, Nomura Y, Yasuda M. Comparative Analysis of Maternal Colostrum and Colostrum Replacer Effects on Immunity, Growth, and Health of Japanese Black Calves. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:346. [PMID: 38275805 PMCID: PMC10812718 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Maternal colostrum (MC) is an important source of nutrients and immune factors for newborn calves. However, when colostrum is unavailable or of poor quality, a colostrum replacer (CR) may be a suitable alternative to MC. As stock-raising farmers must make informed decisions about colostrum feeding management, this study was conducted to determine the effect of feeding MC versus CR on the promotion of immunological status, growth, and health in pre-weaned Japanese black (JB) calves. Sixteen newborn JB calves were fed MC after birth, and 16 JB calves were fed CR. For the MC group, the numbers of γδ T cells, CD4+ cells, CD8+ cells, CD4+CD8+ cells, B cells, and MHC class II+ cells were significantly higher compared with the CR group. Furthermore, the expression levels of interleukin (IL)-1β-, IL-2-, and interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-encoding mRNAs were significantly higher in the MC group compared with the CR group. A lower incidence of disease in 1-month-old calves and higher carcass weight in the MC group were observed compared with the CR group. These results suggest that CR activates the immune system delayed in calves compared with MC. MC increases populations of various immunocompetent cells, which can reduce infection rates and improve body weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marimu Urakawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan (M.B.)
| | - Mahmoud Baakhtari
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan (M.B.)
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Balkh University, Mazar-i-Sharif 1703, Afghanistan
| | - Amany Ramah
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan (M.B.)
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha 13518, Egypt
| | - Shoichiro Imatake
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan (M.B.)
| | - Parnian Ahmadi
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Balkh University, Mazar-i-Sharif 1703, Afghanistan
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Deguchi
- Miyazaki Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, Miyazaki 880-0877, Japan
| | - Mizuho Uematsu
- Miyazaki Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, Miyazaki 880-0877, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Nakama
- Miyazaki Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, Miyazaki 880-0877, Japan
| | - Kazunari Imabeppu
- Miyazaki Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, Miyazaki 880-0877, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nomura
- Miyazaki Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, Miyazaki 880-0877, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yasuda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan (M.B.)
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
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4
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Hu Y, Hu Q, Li Y, Lu L, Xiang Z, Yin Z, Kabelitz D, Wu Y. γδ T cells: origin and fate, subsets, diseases and immunotherapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:434. [PMID: 37989744 PMCID: PMC10663641 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01653-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The intricacy of diseases, shaped by intrinsic processes like immune system exhaustion and hyperactivation, highlights the potential of immune renormalization as a promising strategy in disease treatment. In recent years, our primary focus has centered on γδ T cell-based immunotherapy, particularly pioneering the use of allogeneic Vδ2+ γδ T cells for treating late-stage solid tumors and tuberculosis patients. However, we recognize untapped potential and optimization opportunities to fully harness γδ T cell effector functions in immunotherapy. This review aims to thoroughly examine γδ T cell immunology and its role in diseases. Initially, we elucidate functional differences between γδ T cells and their αβ T cell counterparts. We also provide an overview of major milestones in γδ T cell research since their discovery in 1984. Furthermore, we delve into the intricate biological processes governing their origin, development, fate decisions, and T cell receptor (TCR) rearrangement within the thymus. By examining the mechanisms underlying the anti-tumor functions of distinct γδ T cell subtypes based on γδTCR structure or cytokine release, we emphasize the importance of accurate subtyping in understanding γδ T cell function. We also explore the microenvironment-dependent functions of γδ T cell subsets, particularly in infectious diseases, autoimmune conditions, hematological malignancies, and solid tumors. Finally, we propose future strategies for utilizing allogeneic γδ T cells in tumor immunotherapy. Through this comprehensive review, we aim to provide readers with a holistic understanding of the molecular fundamentals and translational research frontiers of γδ T cells, ultimately contributing to further advancements in harnessing the therapeutic potential of γδ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hu
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Qinglin Hu
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumour Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Ligong Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumour Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China
| | - Zheng Xiang
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Zhinan Yin
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China.
| | - Dieter Kabelitz
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Yangzhe Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumour Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China.
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5
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Yang L, Zhou L, Li F, Chen X, Li T, Zou Z, Zhi Y, He Z. Diagnostic and prognostic value of autophagy-related key genes in sepsis and potential correlation with immune cell signatures. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1218379. [PMID: 37701780 PMCID: PMC10493283 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1218379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Autophagy is involved in the pathophysiological process of sepsis. This study was designed to identify autophagy-related key genes in sepsis, analyze their correlation with immune cell signatures, and search for new diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Methods: Whole blood RNA datasets GSE65682, GSE134347, and GSE134358 were downloaded and processed. Differential expression analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were used to identify autophagy-related key genes in sepsis. Then, key genes were analyzed by functional enrichment, protein-protein interaction (PPI), transcription factor (TF)-gene and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network analysis. Subsequently, key genes with diagnostic efficiency and prognostic value were identified by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and survival analysis respectively. The signatures of immune cells were estimated using CIBERSORT algorithm. The correlation between significantly different immune cell signatures and key genes was assessed by correlation analysis. Finally, key genes with both diagnostic and prognostic value were verified by RT-qPCR. Results: 14 autophagy-related key genes were identified and their TF-gene and ceRNA regulatory networks were constructed. Among the key genes, 11 genes (ATIC, BCL2, EEF2, EIF2AK3, HSPA8, IKBKB, NLRC4, PARP1, PRKCQ, SH3GLB1, and WIPI1) had diagnostic efficiency (AUC > 0.90) and 5 genes (CAPN2, IKBKB, PRKCQ, SH3GLB1 and WIPI1) were associated with survival prognosis (p-value < 0.05). IKBKB, PRKCQ, SH3GLB1 and WIPI1 had both diagnostic and prognostic value, and their expression were verified by RT-qPCR. Analysis of immune cell signatures showed that the abundance of neutrophil, monocyte, M0 macrophage, gamma delta T cell, activated mast cell and M1 macrophage subtypes increased in the sepsis group, while the abundance of resting NK cell, resting memory CD4+ T cell, CD8+ T cell, naive B cell and resting dendritic cell subtypes decreased. Most of the key genes correlated with the predicted frequencies of CD8+ T cells, resting memory CD4+ T cells, M1 macrophages and naive B cells. Conclusion: We identified autophagy-related key genes with diagnostic and prognostic value in sepsis and discovered associations between key genes and immune cell signatures. This work may provide new directions for the discovery of promising biomarkers for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fangyi Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaotong Chen
- Department of Health Management Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zijun Zou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaowei Zhi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhijie He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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6
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Hsu UH, Chiang BL. γδ T Cells and Allergic Diseases. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2023; 65:172-182. [PMID: 37395986 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-023-08966-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-delta (γδ) T cells play an essential role in allergic diseases and have emerged as a potential treatment target in recent decades. To clarify the effects of γδ T cells on atopic illnesses, we reviewed the literature on the physical roles and functions of various subsets of γδ T cells, including type 1 T helper (Th1)-like, type 2 T helper- (Th2)-like, and type 17 T helper (Th17)-like γδ T cells. Mouse Vγ1 T cells increase interleukin (IL)-4 levels and trigger B cell class switching and immunoglobulin E production. Meanwhile, mouse Vγ4 T cells and human CD8lowVδ1 T cells secrete interferon-γ and exert an anti-allergy effect similar to that of Th1 cells. Moreover, mouse Vγ6 T cells produce IL-17A, while Th17-like γδ T cells enhance neutrophil and eosinophil infiltration in the acute phase of inflammation, but exert anti-inflammatory effects in the chronic phase. Human Vγ9δ2 T cells may exhibit Th1- or Th2-like characteristics in response to certain types of stimulation. In addition, the microbiota can modulate epithelial γδ T cell survival through aryl hydrocarbon receptors; these γδ T cells play crucial roles in the repair of epithelial damage, antibacterial protection, antigen tolerance, and effects of dysbiosis on allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uei-Hsiang Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Luen Chiang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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7
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Fagundes BO, de-Sousa TR, Victor JR. Gamma-delta (γδ) T cell-derived cytokines (IL-4, IL-17, IFN-γ and IL-10) and their possible implications for atopic dermatitis development. Int J Dermatol 2023; 62:443-448. [PMID: 35844012 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.16364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic disease related to skin disorders that affect individuals in their childhood and can persist or start in adulthood. Patients affected by this disease commonly show skin lesions on the body surface (mainly on the upper and lower limbs) and allergic rhinitis or asthma crises. Looking at the disease from a molecular perspective, the major cytokines involved in inflammatory skin diseases, not only AD, include IL-4, IL-17, IFN-γ and IL-10. Although they can produce these cytokines and infiltrate the affected epithelia in patients with AD, γδ T cells are still almost unexplored. In this update, we briefly discuss the involvement of IL-4, IL-17, IFN-γ and IL-10 in the pathophysiology of AD and the possible role of γδ T cells during the inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Oliveira Fagundes
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Clinical Dermatology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thamires Rodrigues de-Sousa
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Clinical Dermatology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Russo Victor
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Clinical Dermatology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Faculdades Metropolitanas Unidas (FMU), Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Medical School, Universidade Santo Amaro (Unisa), Sao Paulo, Brazil
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8
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Esnault S, Jarjour NN. Development of Adaptive Immunity and Its Role in Lung Remodeling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1426:287-351. [PMID: 37464127 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-32259-4_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is characterized by airflow limitations resulting from bronchial closure, which can be either reversible or fixed due to changes in airway tissue composition and structure, also known as remodeling. Airway remodeling is defined as increased presence of mucins-producing epithelial cells, increased thickness of airway smooth muscle cells, angiogenesis, increased number and activation state of fibroblasts, and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. Airway inflammation is believed to be the main cause of the development of airway remodeling in asthma. In this chapter, we will review the development of the adaptive immune response and the impact of its mediators and cells on the elements defining airway remodeling in asthma.
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9
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Chen C, Chen A, Yang Y. A diversified role for γδT cells in vector-borne diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:965503. [PMID: 36052077 PMCID: PMC9424759 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.965503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vector-borne diseases have high morbidity and mortality and are major health threats worldwide. γδT cells represent a small but essential subpopulation of T cells. They reside in most human tissues and exert important functions in both natural and adaptive immune responses. Emerging evidence have shown that the activation and expansion of γδT cells invoked by pathogens play a diversified role in the regulation of host-pathogen interactions and disease progression. A better understanding of such a role for γδT cells may contribute significantly to developing novel preventative and therapeutic strategies. Herein, we summarize recent exciting findings in the field, with a focus on the role of γδT cells in the infection of vector-borne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Chen Chen, ; Yanan Yang,
| | - Aibao Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yanan Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Chen Chen, ; Yanan Yang,
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10
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Pankow A, Sun XH. The divergence between T cell and innate lymphoid cell fates controlled by E and Id proteins. Front Immunol 2022; 13:960444. [PMID: 36032069 PMCID: PMC9399370 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.960444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells develop in the thymus from lymphoid primed multipotent progenitors or common lymphoid progenitors into αβ and γδ subsets. The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors, E proteins, play pivotal roles at multiple stages from T cell commitment to maturation. Inhibitors of E proteins, Id2 and Id3, also regulate T cell development while promoting ILC differentiation. Recent findings suggest that the thymus can also produce innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). In this review, we present current findings that suggest the balance between E and Id proteins is likely to be critical for controlling the bifurcation of T cell and ILC fates at early stages of T cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Pankow
- Program in Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Xiao-Hong Sun
- Program in Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Hong Sun,
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11
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Gao F, Qiu X, Wang K, Shao C, Jin W, Zhang Z, Xu X. Targeting the Hepatic Microenvironment to Improve Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: New Insights into the Immune and Metabolic Compartments. Aging Dis 2022; 13:1196-1214. [PMID: 35855339 PMCID: PMC9286916 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is mainly characterized by high activation of immune inflammatory responses and metabolic responses. Understanding the molecular and metabolic mechanisms underlying development of hepatic IRI is critical for developing effective therapies for hepatic IRI. Recent advances in research have improved our understanding of the pathogenesis of IRI. During IRI, hepatocyte injury and inflammatory responses are mediated by crosstalk between the immune cells and metabolic components. This crosstalk can be targeted to treat or reverse hepatic IRI. Thus, a deep understanding of hepatic microenvironment, especially the immune and metabolic responses, can reveal new therapeutic opportunities for hepatic IRI. In this review, we describe important cells in the liver microenvironment (especially non-parenchymal cells) that regulate immune inflammatory responses. The role of metabolic components in the diagnosis and prevention of hepatic IRI are discussed. Furthermore, recent updated therapeutic strategies based on the hepatic microenvironment, including immune cells and metabolic components, are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqiang Gao
- 1Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,6Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xun Qiu
- 1Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,6Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai Wang
- 1Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuxiao Shao
- 7Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Lishui Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Lishui, China
| | - Wenjian Jin
- 8Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- 6Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- 1Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,2Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China.,3Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,4NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China.,5Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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12
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Rathod S. T cells in the peritoneum. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 371:15-41. [PMID: 35964999 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2022.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The peritoneal cavity is a fluid-packed area that houses most of the abdominal organs, including the omentum, a visceral adipose tissue with milky patches or groups of leukocytes organized in the same way to those observed in typical lymphoid tissues. A distinct population of leukocytes patrols the peritoneal cavity and travels in and out of the milky spots, facing antigens or pathogens in the peritoneal fluid and responding appropriately. T cells may play a crucial function in regulating adaptive immune responses to antigens in the peritoneal cavity to ensure tissue homeostasis and healing. When peritoneal homeostasis is interrupted by inflammation, infection, obesity, or tumor metastasis, the omentum's dedicated fibroblastic stromal cells and mesothelial cells control peritoneal leukocyte recruitment and activation in unique ways. T cells, which employ their T cell receptor to target specific antigens, are an important component of the acquired immune response since they are present in the peritoneal cavity. The peritoneum provides a different environment for T cells to respond to pathogens. This chapter outlines the anatomy relevant to T cell function and biology, such as antigen processing/presentation, T cell activation, and the many T cell subpopulations in the peritoneal cavity, as well as their role in cancer or other infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Rathod
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
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13
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Giri S, Meitei HT, Mishra A, Lal G. +Vγ2+ γδ T cells in the presence of anti-CD40L control surgical inflammation and promote skin allograft survival. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:2706-2714.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Duan Y, Li G, Xu M, Qi X, Deng M, Lin X, Lei Z, Hu Y, Jia Z, Yang Q, Cao G, Liu Z, Wen Q, Li Z, Tang J, Zhang WK, Huang P, Zheng L, Flavell RA, Hao J, Yin Z. CFTR is a negative regulator of γδ T cell IFN-γ production and antitumor immunity. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 18:1934-1944. [PMID: 32669666 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-0499-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
CFTR, a chloride channel and ion channel regulator studied mostly in epithelial cells, has been reported to participate in immune regulation and likely affect the risk of cancer development. However, little is known about the effects of CFTR on the differentiation and function of γδ T cells. In this study, we observed that CFTR was functionally expressed on the cell surface of γδ T cells. Genetic deletion and pharmacological inhibition of CFTR both increased IFN-γ release by peripheral γδ T cells and potentiated the cytolytic activity of these cells against tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of γδ T cell IFN-γ production by CFTR were either TCR dependent or related to Ca2+ influx. CFTR was recruited to TCR immunological synapses and attenuated Lck-P38 MAPK-c-Jun signaling. In addition, CFTR was found to modulate TCR-induced Ca2+ influx and membrane potential (Vm)-induced Ca2+ influx and subsequently regulate the calcineurin-NFATc1 signaling pathway in γδ T cells. Thus, CFTR serves as a negative regulator of IFN-γ production in γδ T cells and the function of these cells in antitumor immunity. Our investigation suggests that modification of the CFTR activity of γδ T cells may be a potential immunotherapeutic strategy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Duan
- Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.,The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangqiang Li
- Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.,The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Miaomiao Xu
- Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.,The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaofei Qi
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingxia Deng
- Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.,The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuejia Lin
- Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.,The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiwei Lei
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.,The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenghu Jia
- Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.,The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Quanli Yang
- Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.,The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Guangchao Cao
- Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.,The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Zonghua Liu
- Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.,The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiong Wen
- Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.,The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.,The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Kevin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Pingbo Huang
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Hong Kong, China
| | - Limin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Jianlei Hao
- Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China. .,The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhinan Yin
- Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China. .,The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.
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15
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Han Y, Gao H, Xu J, Luo J, Han B, Bao J, Pan G, Li T, Zhou Z. Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses Against Microsporidia Infection in Mammals. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1468. [PMID: 32670257 PMCID: PMC7332555 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsporidia are obligate intracellular and eukaryotic pathogens that can infect immunocompromised and immunocompetent mammals, including humans. Both innate and adaptive immune systems play important roles against microsporidian infection. The innate immune system can partially eliminate the infection by immune cells, such as gamma delta T cell, natural killer cells (NKs), macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), and present the pathogens to lymphocytes. The innate immune cells can also prime and enhance the adaptive immune response via surface molecules and secreted cytokines. The adaptive immune system is critical to eliminate microsporidian infection by activating cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and humoral immune responses, and feedback regulation of the innate immune mechanism. In this review, we will discuss the cellular and molecular responses and functions of innate and adaptive immune systems against microsporidian infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinze Han
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hailong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinzhi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Jialing Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guoqing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zeyang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
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16
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Zimmerman KA, Hopp K, Mrug M. Role of chemokines, innate and adaptive immunity. Cell Signal 2020; 73:109647. [PMID: 32325183 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) triggers a robust immune system response including changes in both innate and adaptive immunity. These changes involve immune cells (e.g., macrophages and T cells) as well as cytokines and chemokines (e.g., MCP-1) that regulate the production, differentiation, homing, and various functions of these cells. This review is focused on the role of the immune system and its associated factors in the pathogenesis of PKDs as evidenced by data from cell-based systems, animal models, and PKD patients. It also highlights relevant pre-clinical and clinical studies that point to specific immune system components as promising candidates for the development of prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic strategies to improve PKD outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt A Zimmerman
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Katharina Hopp
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Polycystic Kidney Disease Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Michal Mrug
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
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17
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Glik A, Douvdevani A. T Lymphocytes: The “Cellular” Arm of Acquired Immunity in the Peritoneum. Perit Dial Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/089686080602600407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells are an important part of the acquired immune response and target specific antigen with their T cell receptor. The peritoneum is a special milieu within which T cells react. We describe briefly the anatomy important for T cell function. T cell biology including antigen presentation, T cell activation, and the different T cell subpopulations are reviewed. We also define innate and acquired immunity and describe the role of polymorphonuclear cells and peritoneal mesothelial cells in the regulation of leukocyte population recruitment during peritonitis. We focus particularly on peritoneal lymphocytes and compare them to the regular lymphocyte populations in the circulation. We illustrate the role of PMCs in antigen presentation and discuss the changes of CD4+ helper T cell subtypes (Th1 and Th2) during peritoneal dialysis. The role of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes and their possible destructive role for the peritoneal membrane modified by advanced glycation end products are discussed. Polymorphonuclear cells play an important role in the regulation of inflammation and immunity. We describe their possible role in supporting T cells and particularly for generating memory CD8+ T cells by secretion of interleukin-15, a potent T cell growth factor. Light is shed on γδ T cells, a special T cell population that is able to recognize antigens without the restriction of antigen presentation. We end our review with a description of regulatory T cells. This cell population is extremely important in preventing autoimmunity and in the regulation of acquired immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Glik
- Department of Nephrology, Soroka Medical Center, and
Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University
of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Amos Douvdevani
- Department of Nephrology, Soroka Medical Center, and
Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University
of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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18
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de Ruiter K, Jochems SP, Tahapary DL, Stam KA, König M, van Unen V, Laban S, Höllt T, Mbow M, Lelieveldt BPF, Koning F, Sartono E, Smit JWA, Supali T, Yazdanbakhsh M. Helminth infections drive heterogeneity in human type 2 and regulatory cells. Sci Transl Med 2020; 12:12/524/eaaw3703. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw3703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Helminth infections induce strong type 2 and regulatory responses, but the degree of heterogeneity of such cells is not well characterized. Using mass cytometry, we profiled these cells in Europeans and Indonesians not exposed to helminths and in Indonesians residing in rural areas infected with soil-transmitted helminths. To assign immune alteration to helminth infection, the profiling was performed before and 1 year after deworming. Very distinct signatures were found in Europeans and Indonesians, showing expanded frequencies of T helper 2 cells, particularly CD161+ cells and ILC2s in helminth-infected Indonesians, which was confirmed functionally through analysis of cytokine-producing cells. Besides ILC2s and CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and γδ T cells in Indonesians produced type 2 cytokines. Regulatory T cells were also expanded in Indonesians, but only those expressing CTLA-4, and some coexpressed CD38, HLA-DR, ICOS, or CD161. CD11c+ B cells were found to be the main IL-10 producers among B cells in Indonesians, a subset that was almost absent in Europeans. A number of the distinct immune profiles were driven by helminths as the profiles reverted after clearance of helminth infections. Moreover, Indonesians with no helminth infections residing in an urban area showed immune profiles that resembled Europeans rather than rural Indonesians, which excludes a major role for ethnicity. Detailed insight into the human type 2 and regulatory networks could provide opportunities to target these cells for more precise interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin de Ruiter
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Simon P. Jochems
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Dicky L. Tahapary
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, 10430 Jakarta, Indonesia
- Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Aging Cluster, The Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Universitas Indonesia, 10430 Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Koen A. Stam
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Marion König
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Vincent van Unen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Sandra Laban
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Thomas Höllt
- Computer Graphics and Visualization Group, Delft University of Technology, 2628 XE Delft, Netherlands
- Computational Biology Center, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Moustapha Mbow
- Department of Immunology, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar (UCAD), 5005 Dakar, Senegal
| | - Boudewijn P. F. Lelieveldt
- Department of LKEB Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Pattern Recognition and Bioinformatics Group, Delft University of Technology, 2628 XE Delft, Netherlands
| | - Frits Koning
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Erliyani Sartono
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Johannes W. A. Smit
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Taniawati Supali
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, 10430 Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Maria Yazdanbakhsh
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
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19
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Ma X, Bi S, Wang Y, Chi X, Hu S. Combined adjuvant effect of ginseng stem-leaf saponins and selenium on immune responses to a live bivalent vaccine of Newcastle disease virus and infectious bronchitis virus in chickens. Poult Sci 2019; 98:3548-3556. [PMID: 31220864 PMCID: PMC7107245 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination with a live bivalent vaccine of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a routine practice in poultry industry in China. This study was designed to evaluate ginseng stem-leaf saponins (GSLS) in combination with selenium (Se) for their adjuvant effect on the immune response to vaccination against NDV and IBV in chickens. A live bivalent vaccine of NDV and IBV was diluted in saline solution containing GSLS or Se or both and used to immunize chickens via a intraocular-and-intranasal route. Results showed that GSLS promoted significantly higher NDV- and IBV-specific antibody responses with the highest antibody response detected in GSLS-Se group. The increased antibody was capable of neutralizing NDV and IBV. In addition, GSLS-Se enhanced lymphocyte proliferation and production of IFN-γ and IL-4. More importantly GSLS-Se was found to promote early production and prolong the duration of the antibody responses. In order to improve the efficacy of vaccination in chicken flocks, the diluent containing GSLS-Se deserves further studies to evaluate its effect on other chicken vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Ma
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sci., Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - S Bi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sci., Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sci., Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - X Chi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sci., Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - S Hu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sci., Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
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20
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Miller C, Powers J, Musselman E, Mackie R, Elder J, VandeWoude S. Immunopathologic Effects of Prednisolone and Cyclosporine A on Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Replication and Persistence. Viruses 2019; 11:v11090805. [PMID: 31480322 PMCID: PMC6783960 DOI: 10.3390/v11090805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) induces opportunistic disease in chronically infected cats, and both prednisolone and cyclosporine A (CsA) are clinically used to treat complications such as lymphoma and stomatitis. However, the impact of these compounds on FIV infection are still unknown and understanding immunomodulatory effects on FIV replication and persistence is critical to guide safe and effective therapies. To determine the immunologic and virologic effects of prednisolone and CsA during FIV infection, FIV-positive cats were administered immunosuppressive doses of prednisolone (2 mg/kg) or CsA (5 mg/kg). Both prednisolone and CsA induced acute and transient increases in FIV DNA and RNA loads as detected by quantitative PCR. Changes in the proportion of lymphocyte immunophenotypes were also observed between FIV-infected and naïve cats treated with CsA and prednisolone, and both treatments caused acute increases in CD4+ lymphocytes that correlated with increased FIV RNA. CsA and prednisolone also produced alterations in cytokine expression that favored a shift toward a Th2 response. Pre-treatment with CsA slightly enhanced the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy but did not enhance clearance of FIV. Results highlight the potential for drug-induced perturbation of FIV infection and underscore the need for more information regarding immunopathologic consequences of therapeutic agents on concurrent viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Miller
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
| | - Jordan Powers
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Esther Musselman
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Ryan Mackie
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - John Elder
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sue VandeWoude
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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21
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Schaut RG, Boggiatto PM, Loving CL, Sharma VK. Cellular and Mucosal Immune Responses Following Vaccination with Inactivated Mutant of Escherichia coli O157:H7. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6401. [PMID: 31024031 PMCID: PMC6483982 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42861-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 (O157) can cause mild to severe gastrointestinal disease in humans. Cattle are the primary reservoir for O157, which colonizes the intestinal tract without inducing any overt clinical symptoms. Parenteral vaccination can reduce O157 shedding in cattle after challenge and limit zoonotic transmission to humans, although the impact of vaccination and vaccine formulation on cellular and mucosal immune responses are undetermined. To better characterize the cattle immune response to O157 vaccination, cattle were vaccinated with either water-in-oil-adjuvanted, formalin-inactivated hha deletion mutant of Shiga toxin 2 negative (stx2-) O157 (Adj-Vac); non-adjuvanted (NoAdj-Vac); or non-vaccinated (NoAdj-NoVac) and peripheral T cell and mucosal antibody responses assessed. Cattle in Adj-Vac group had a higher percentage of O157-specific IFNγ producing CD4+ and γδ+ T cells in recall assays compared to the NoAdj-Vac group. Furthermore, O157-specific IgA levels detected in feces of the Adj-Vac group were significantly lower in NoAdj-Vac group. Extracts prepared only from Adj-Vac group feces blocked O157 adherence to epithelial cells. Taken together, these data suggest parenteral administration of adjuvanted, inactivated whole-cell vaccines for O157 can induce O157-specific cellular and mucosal immune responses that may be an important consideration for a successful vaccination scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Schaut
- USDA-ARS, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, USA.,Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, Ames, IA, USA.,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), ARS Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Paola M Boggiatto
- USDA-ARS, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, USA.,Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Crystal L Loving
- USDA-ARS, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, USA.,Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Vijay K Sharma
- USDA-ARS, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, USA. .,Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, Ames, IA, USA.
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22
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Chen Z, Guo P, Xie X, Yu H, Wang Y, Chen G. The role of tumour microenvironment: a new vision for cholangiocarcinoma. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:59-69. [PMID: 30394682 PMCID: PMC6307844 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a relatively rare malignant and lethal tumour derived from bile duct epithelium and the morbidity is now increasing worldwide. This disease is difficult to diagnose at its inchoate stage and has poor prognosis. Therefore, a clear understanding of pathogenesis and major influencing factors is the key to develop effective therapeutic methods for CCA. In previous studies, canonical correlation analysis has demonstrated that tumour microenvironment plays an intricate role in the progression of various types of cancers including CCA. CCA tumour microenvironment is a dynamic environment consisting of authoritative tumour stromal cells and extracellular matrix where tumour stromal cells and cancer cells can thrive. CCA stromal cells include immune and non‐immune cells, such as inflammatory cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and macrophages. Likewise, CCA tumour microenvironment contains abundant proliferative factors and can significantly impact the behaviour of cancer cells. Through abominably intricate interactions with CCA cells, CCA tumour microenvironment plays an important role in promoting tumour proliferation, accelerating neovascularization, facilitating tumour invasion, and preventing tumour cells from organismal immune reactions and apoptosis. This review summarizes the recent research progress regarding the connection between tumour behaviours and tumour stromal cells in CCA, as well as the mechanism underlying the effect of tumour stromal cells on the growth of CCA. A thorough understanding of the relationship between CCA and tumour stromal cells can shed some light on the development of new therapeutic methods for treating CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Pengyi Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaozai Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haitao Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Environmental and Public, Health School of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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23
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Wosen JE, Mukhopadhyay D, Macaubas C, Mellins ED. Epithelial MHC Class II Expression and Its Role in Antigen Presentation in the Gastrointestinal and Respiratory Tracts. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2144. [PMID: 30319613 PMCID: PMC6167424 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As the primary barrier between an organism and its environment, epithelial cells are well-positioned to regulate tolerance while preserving immunity against pathogens. Class II major histocompatibility complex molecules (MHC class II) are highly expressed on the surface of epithelial cells (ECs) in both the lung and intestine, although the functional consequences of this expression are not fully understood. Here, we summarize current information regarding the interactions that regulate the expression of EC MHC class II in health and disease. We then evaluate the potential role of EC as non-professional antigen presenting cells. Finally, we explore future areas of study and the potential contribution of epithelial surfaces to gut-lung crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan E Wosen
- Program in Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Dhriti Mukhopadhyay
- Program in Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Claudia Macaubas
- Program in Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Elizabeth D Mellins
- Program in Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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24
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Characterizaton of gamma delta T cells in Marek’s disease virus (Gallid herpesvirus 2) infection of chickens. Virology 2018; 522:56-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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25
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Nair PM, Starkey MR, Haw TJ, Ruscher R, Liu G, Maradana MR, Thomas R, O'Sullivan BJ, Hansbro PM. RelB-Deficient Dendritic Cells Promote the Development of Spontaneous Allergic Airway Inflammation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 58:352-365. [PMID: 28960101 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0242oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
RelB is a member of the NF-κB family, which is essential for dendritic cell (DC) function and maturation. However, the contribution of RelB to the development of allergic airway inflammation (AAI) is unknown. Here, we identify a pivotal role for RelB in the development of spontaneous AAI that is independent of exogenous allergen exposure. We assessed AAI in two strains of RelB-deficient (RelB-/-) mice: one with a targeted deletion and one expressing a major histocompatibility complex transgene. To determine the importance of RelB in DCs, RelB-sufficient DCs (RelB+/+ or RelB-/-) were adoptively transferred into RelB-/- mice. Both strains had increased pulmonary inflammation compared with their respective wild-type (RelB+/+) and heterozygous (RelB+/-) controls. RelB-/- mice also had increased inflammatory cell influx into the airways, levels of chemokines (CCL2/3/4/5/11/17 and CXCL9/10/13) and T-helper cell type 2-associated cytokines (IL-4/5) in lung tissues, serum IgE, and airway remodeling (mucus-secreting cell numbers, collagen deposition, and epithelial thickening). Transfer of RelB+/- CD11c+ DCs into RelB-/- mice decreased pulmonary inflammation, with reductions in lung chemokines, T-helper cell type 2-associated cytokines (IL-4/5/13/25/33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin), serum IgE, type 2 innate lymphoid cells, myeloid DCs, γδ T cells, lung Vβ13+ T cells, mucus-secreting cells, airway collagen deposition, and epithelial thickening. These data indicate that RelB deficiency may be a key pathway underlying AAI, and that DC-encoded RelB is sufficient to restore control of this inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prema M Nair
- 1 Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and.,2 School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Malcolm R Starkey
- 1 Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and.,3 Priority Research Centre GrowUpWell, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia.,2 School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tatt Jhong Haw
- 1 Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and.,2 School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Roland Ruscher
- 4 Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and.,5 Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; and.,6 Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gang Liu
- 1 Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and.,2 School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Muralidhara R Maradana
- 6 Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ranjeny Thomas
- 6 Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Brendan J O'Sullivan
- 6 Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- 1 Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and.,2 School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
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26
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Characterization of Mouse γδ T Cell Subsets in the Setting of Type-2 Immunity. Methods Mol Biol 2018. [PMID: 29956150 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7896-0_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that γδ T cells are a critical component of type-2 immunity. However, the role of these cells in type-2 immune responses seems to be divergent. γδ T cells are heterogeneous lymphocytes that can be further divided into TCR-Vγ/δ definable subsets. Different subsets have distinct and sometimes opposite function during immune responses. In this chapter, we describe the detailed protocol for characterization of γδ T cell subsets in a mouse model of ovalbumin (OVA)/alum-induced type-2 immunity. Our protocol includes identifying γδ T cell subsets by flow cytometry, functionally inactivating individual subsets in vivo, purifying γδ T cell subsets, and using adoptive cell transfer to explore the role of individual subsets in OVA/alum-induced IgE responses.
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27
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Li L, Cheng Y, Emrich S, Schorey J. Activation of endothelial cells by extracellular vesicles derived from Mycobacterium tuberculosis infected macrophages or mice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198337. [PMID: 29851993 PMCID: PMC5979010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells play an essential role in regulating an immune response through promoting leukocyte adhesion and cell migration and production of cytokines such as TNFα. Regulation of endothelial cell immune function is tightly regulated and recent studies suggest that extracellular vesicles (EVs) are prominently involved in this process. However, the importance of EVs in regulating endothelial activation in the context of a bacterial infection is poorly understood. To begin addressing this knowledge gap we characterized the endothelial cell response to EVs released from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infected macrophages. Our result showed increased macrophage migration through the monolayer when endothelial cells were pretreated with EVs isolated from Mtb-infected macrophages. Transcriptome analysis showed a significant upregulation of genes involved in cell adhesion and the inflammatory process in endothelial cells treated with EVs. These results were validated by quantitative PCR and flow cytometry. Pathway analysis of these differentially expressed genes indicated that several immune response-related pathways were up-regulated. Endothelial cells were also treated with EVs isolated from the serum of Mtb-infected mice. Interestingly, EVs isolated 14 days but not 7 or 21 days post-infection showed a similar ability to induce endothelial cell activation suggesting a change in EV function during the course of an Mtb infection. Immunofluorescence microscopy result indicated that NF-κB and the Type 1 interferon pathways were involved in endothelial activation by EVs. In summary, our data suggest that EVs can activate endothelial cells and thus may play an important role in modulating host immune responses during an Mtb infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States of America
| | - Yong Cheng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States of America
| | - Scott Emrich
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Schorey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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28
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Tu YN, Tong WL, Yavorski JM, Blanck G. Immunogenomics: A Negative Prostate Cancer Outcome Associated with TcR-γ/δ Recombinations. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT 2018; 11:41-49. [PMID: 29357011 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-018-0204-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We developed a scripted algorithm, based on previous, earlier editions of the algorithm, to mine prostate cancer exome files for T-cell receptor (TcR) recombination reads: Reads representing TcR gene recombinations were identified in 497 prostate cancer exome files from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA). As has been reported for melanoma, co-detection of productive TcR-α and TcR-β recombination reads correlated with an RNA expression signature representing T-cell exhaustion, particularly with high RNA levels for PD-1 and PD-L1, in comparison to several different control sets of samples. Co-detection of TcR-α and TcR-β recombination reads also correlated with high level expression of genes representing antigen presenting functions, further supporting the conclusion that co-detection of TcR-α and TcR-β recombination reads represents an immunologically relevant microenvironment. Finally, detection of unproductive TcR-δ recombinations, and unproductive and productive TcR-γ recombinations, strongly correlated with, and may represent a convenient biomarker for a poor clinical outcome. These results underscore the value of the genomics-based assessment of unproductive TcR recombinations and raise questions about the impact of tumor microenvironment lymphocytes in the absence of antigenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping N Tu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Wei Lue Tong
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - John M Yavorski
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - George Blanck
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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29
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Jour G, Aung PP, Merrill ED, Curry JL, Tetzlaff MT, Nagarajan P, Ivan D, Prieto VG, Duvic M, Miranda RN, Torres-Cabala CA. Differential expression of CCR4 in primary cutaneous gamma/delta (γ⁄δ) T cell lymphomas and mycosis fungoides: Significance for diagnosis and therapy. J Dermatol Sci 2018; 89:88-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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30
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Hurdayal R, Brombacher F. Interleukin-4 Receptor Alpha: From Innate to Adaptive Immunity in Murine Models of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1354. [PMID: 29176972 PMCID: PMC5686050 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The interleukin (IL)-4 receptor alpha (IL-4Rα), ubiquitously expressed on both innate and adaptive immune cells, controls the signaling of archetypal type 2 immune regulators; IL-4 and IL-13, which elicit their signaling action by the type 1 IL-4Rα/gamma common and/or the type 2 IL-4Rα/IL-13Rα complexes. Global gene-deficient mouse models targeting IL-4, IL-13, or the IL-4Rα chain, followed by the development of conditional mice and generation of important cell-type-specific IL-4Rα-deficient mouse models, were indeed critical to gaining in-depth understanding of detrimental T helper (Th) 2 mechanisms in type 1-controlled diseases. A primary example being cutaneous leishmaniasis, which is caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania major, among others. The disease is characterized by localized self-healing cutaneous lesions and necrosis for which, currently, not a single vaccine has made it to a stage that can be considered effective. The spectrum of human leishmaniasis belongs to the top 10 infectious diseases according to the World Health Organization. As such, 350 million humans are at risk of infection and disease, with an incidence of 1.5–2 million new cases being reported annually. A major aim of our research is to identify correlates of host protection and evasion, which may aid in vaccine design and therapeutic interventions. In this review, we focus on the immune-regulatory role of the IL-4Rα chain from innate immune responses to the development of beneficial type 1 and detrimental type 2 adaptive immune responses during cutaneous Leishmania infection. We discuss the cell-specific requirements of the IL-4Rα chain on crucial innate immune cells during L. major infection, including, IL-4Rα-responsive skin keratinocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils, as well as dendritic cells (DCs). The latter, contributing to one of the paradigm shifts with respect to the role of IL-4 instructing DCs in vivo, to promote Th1 responses against L. major. Finally, we extend these innate responses and mechanisms to control of adaptive immunity and the effect of IL-4Rα-responsiveness on T and B lymphocytes orchestrating the development of CD4+ Th1/Th2 and B effector 1/B effector 2 B cells in response to L. major infection in the murine host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Hurdayal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology Faculty of Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Frank Brombacher
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town, South Africa
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31
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Abstract
Falling between the classical characteristics of innate immune cells and adaptive T and B cells are a group of lymphocytes termed "unconventional." These cells express antigen-specific T or B cell receptors, but behave with innate characteristics. Well-known members of this group include the gamma-delta T cell and the Natural Killer T cell. Recent literature has greatly expanded scientific knowledge of unconventional lymphocytes, but key questions remain unresolved in the field, including why these cells have been maintained concurrently with conventional innate and adaptive immune cells. Here, we summarize current literature that suggests what their unique purposes may be, including specialized functions with the microbiota and in early development. From the consensus literature, we discuss where we see unconventional lymphocytes fit into the logical organization of the complete immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley Pasman
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dennis L Kasper
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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32
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Adjuvant materials that enhance bovine γδ T cell responses. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2016; 181:30-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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33
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Cruz-Adalia A, Veiga E. Close Encounters of Lymphoid Cells and Bacteria. Front Immunol 2016; 7:405. [PMID: 27774092 PMCID: PMC5053978 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
During infections, the first reaction of the host against microbial pathogens is carried out by innate immune cells, which recognize conserved structures on pathogens, called pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Afterward, some of these innate cells can phagocytose and destroy the pathogens, secreting cytokines that would modulate the immune response to the challenge. This rapid response is normally followed by the adaptive immunity, more specific and essential for a complete pathogen clearance in many cases. Some innate immune cells, usually named antigen-presenting cells, such as macrophages or dendritic cells, are able to process internalized invaders and present their antigens to lymphocytes, triggering the adaptive immune response. Nevertheless, the traditional boundary of separated roles between innate and adaptive immunity has been blurred by several studies, showing that very specialized populations of lymphocytes (cells of the adaptive immunity) behave similarly to cells of the innate immunity. These “innate-like” lymphocytes include γδ T cells, invariant NKT cells, B-1 cells, mucosal-associated invariant T cells, marginal zone B cells, and innate response activator cells, and together with the newly described innate lymphoid cells are able to rapidly respond to bacterial infections. Strikingly, our recent data suggest that conventional CD4+ T cells, the paradigm of cells of the adaptive immunity, also present innate-like behavior, capturing bacteria in a process called transinfection. Transinfected CD4+ T cells digest internalized bacteria like professional phagocytes and secrete large amounts of proinflammatory cytokines, protecting for further bacterial challenges. In the present review, we will focus on the data showing such innate-like behavior of lymphocytes following bacteria encounter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aranzazu Cruz-Adalia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones, Científicas (CNB-CSIC) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Esteban Veiga
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones, Científicas (CNB-CSIC) , Madrid , Spain
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34
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Choi YW, Kang MC, Seo YB, Namkoong H, Park Y, Choi DH, Suh YS, Lee SW, Sung YC, Jin HT. Intravaginal Administration of Fc-Fused IL7 Suppresses the Cervicovaginal Tumor by Recruiting HPV DNA Vaccine-Induced CD8 T Cells. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:5898-5908. [PMID: 27407095 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The induction of tissue-localized virus-specific CD8 T-cell response is essential for the development of an effective therapeutic vaccine against genital diseases, such as cervical cancer and genital herpes. Here, we aimed to elucidate the immunologic role of IL7 in the induction of mucosal cellular immunity. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN IL7 was engineered through Fc fusion to enhance mucosal delivery across the genital epithelial barrier. The immunomodulatory role of IL7 was evaluated by monitoring the kinetics of various immune cells and measuring the expression of chemokines and cytokines after intravaginal administration of Fc-fused IL7 (IL7-Fc). The antitumor effects of intramuscular human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA vaccine or topical IL7-Fc alone or in a combinational regimen on mice survival were compared using a orthotopic cervical cancer model. RESULTS Intravaginal treatment of IL7-Fc, but not native IL7, induces upregulation of chemokines (CXCL10, CCL3, CCL4, and CCL5), cytokines (IFNγ, TNFα, IL6, and IL1β), and an adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) in the genital tract, leading to the recruitment of several leukocytes, including CD4, CD8, γδ T cells, and dendritic cells. Importantly, in this murine cervical cancer model, topical administration of IL7-Fc after intramuscular HPV DNA vaccination increases the number of HPV-specific CD8 T cells in the genital mucosa, but not in the spleen, leading to stronger antitumor activity than the HPV DNA vaccine alone. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide an important insight into the immunomodulatory role of IL7-Fc via topical application and the design of therapeutic vaccine regimen that induces effective genital-mucosal CD8 T-cell responses. Clin Cancer Res; 22(23); 5898-908. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Woo Choi
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Cheol Kang
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Bok Seo
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Namkoong
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunji Park
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Choi
- Research Institute, Genexine Inc., Korea Bio Park, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - You Suk Suh
- Research Institute, Genexine Inc., Korea Bio Park, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Lee
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea.,Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Chul Sung
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute, Genexine Inc., Korea Bio Park, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Tak Jin
- Research Institute, Biodion Inc, Korea Bio Park, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
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35
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Feng S, Liu W, Zuo S, Xie T, Deng H, Zhang Q, Zhong B. Impaired function of the intestinal barrier in a novel sub-health rat model. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:3459-65. [PMID: 26957295 PMCID: PMC4805077 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sub-health is a state featuring a deterioration in physiological function between health and illness, and the sub-health condition has surfaced as life-threatening in humans. The aim of the present study was to establish a sub-health model in rats, and investigate the function of the intestinal barrier in the sub-health rats and rats following intervention. To establish a sub‑health model, the rats were subjected to a high‑fat and sugar diet, motion restriction and chronic stress. Their serum glucose and triglyceride levels, immune function and adaptability were then measured. The levels of diamine oxidase and D‑lactic acid in the plasma were analyzed as markers of the intestinal permeability. The protein and mRNA expression levels of anti‑apoptotic YWHAZ in the colonic tissue was detected using immunohistochemical and reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses In the present study, the sub‑health rat model was successfully established, and sub‑health factors increased the intestinal permeability and reduced the expression of YWHAZ. Providing sub‑health rats with normal living conditions did not improve the function of the intestinal barrier. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated that intestinal disorders in the sub‑health rat model may result from the damage caused by reduce intestinal barrier function as well as the decreased expression levels of YWHAZ. Additionally, rats in the sub‑health condition did not recover following subsequent exposure to normal living conditions, suggesting that certain exercises or medical intervention may be necessary to improve sub-health symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Feng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Weidong Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Guangxiu Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Shengnan Zuo
- Hepatobiliary and Enteric Surgery Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Tingyan Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Hui Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Qiuhuan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Baiyun Zhong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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36
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The Role of γδ T Cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:2932531. [PMID: 26981547 PMCID: PMC4766344 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2932531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that is characterized by the overproduction of autoantibodies against an array of nuclear and cytoplasmic antigens and affects multiple organs, such as the skin, joints, kidneys, and neuronal tissues. T cells have been recognized as important players in the development of SLE due to their functions in cytokine secretion, antigen presentation, and supporting B cells for antibody production. γδ T cells are a minor population of T cells that play important roles in infection and tumor-associated disease. In recent years, the role of γδ T cells in autoimmune diseases has been investigated. In this review, we discussed the role of γδ T cells in the pathogenesis of SLE.
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Malik S, Want MY, Awasthi A. The Emerging Roles of Gamma-Delta T Cells in Tissue Inflammation in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Front Immunol 2016; 7:14. [PMID: 26858718 PMCID: PMC4731487 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
γδ (gamma–delta) T cells, a small population of unconventional T cells, have been found in central nervous system lesions of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, but their function in disease activity is not clearly understood. Previous studies in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) were inconsistent in identifying their specific roles in suppressing or promoting disease pathogenesis. Emerging advancements in the biology of γδ T cells especially in the context of their being the major initial producers of IL-17, suggested their crucial role in pathogenesis of EAE. In addition, γδ T cells express high levels of IL-23R and IL-1R, which further enhance their effector functions in the pathogenesis of EAE. Nonetheless, activated heterogeneous γδ T cells display functional dichotomy, which is crucial in determining the outcomes of tissue inflammation in EAE. In this review, we discussed recent advances in understanding the biology of γδ T cells in tissue inflammation as well as their roles in suppressing or promoting the development of EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Malik
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute , Faridabad , India
| | - Muzamil Yaqub Want
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute , Faridabad , India
| | - Amit Awasthi
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute , Faridabad , India
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Stervbo U, Bozzetti C, Baron U, Jürchott K, Meier S, Mälzer JN, Nienen M, Olek S, Rachwalik D, Schulz AR, Neumann A, Babel N, Grützkau A, Thiel A. Effects of aging on human leukocytes (part II): immunophenotyping of adaptive immune B and T cell subsets. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 37:93. [PMID: 26324156 PMCID: PMC5005833 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-015-9829-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Immunosenescence results from a continuous deterioration of immune responses resulting in a decreased response to vaccines. A well-described age-related alteration of the immune system is the decrease of de novo generation of T and B cells. In addition, the accumulation of memory cells and loss of diversity in antigen specificities resulting from a lifetime of exposure to pathogens has also been described. However, the effect of aging on subsets of γδTCR(+) T cells and Tregs has been poorly described, and the efficacy of the recall response to common persistent infections in the elderly remains obscure. Here, we investigated alterations in the subpopulations of the B and T cells among 24 healthy young (aged 19-30) and 26 healthy elderly (aged 53-67) individuals. The analysis was performed by flow cytometry using freshly collected peripheral blood. γδTCR(+) T cells were overall decreased, while CD4(+)CD8(-) cells among γδTCR(+) T cells were increased in the elderly. Helios(+)Foxp3(+) and Helios(-)Foxp3(+) Treg cells were unaffected with age. Recent thymic emigrants, based on CD31 expression, were decreased among the Helios(+)Foxp3(+), but not the Helios(-)Foxp3(+) cell populations. We observed a decrease in Adenovirus-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and an increase in CMV-specific CD4(+) T cells in the elderly. Similarly, INFγ(+)TNFα(+) double-positive cells were decreased among activated T cells after Adenovirus stimulation but increased after CMV stimulation. The data presented here indicate that γδTCR(+) T cells might stabilize B cells, and functional senescence might dominate at higher ages than those studied here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrik Stervbo
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité – University Medicine, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum – a Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Marienhospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Hölkeskampring 40, 44625 Herne, Germany
| | - Cecilia Bozzetti
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité – University Medicine, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Udo Baron
- Epiontis GmbH, Rudower Chaussee 29, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Karsten Jürchott
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité – University Medicine, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Meier
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité – University Medicine, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Nora Mälzer
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité – University Medicine, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mikalai Nienen
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité – University Medicine, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Marienhospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Hölkeskampring 40, 44625 Herne, Germany
| | - Sven Olek
- Epiontis GmbH, Rudower Chaussee 29, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominika Rachwalik
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité – University Medicine, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Axel Ronald Schulz
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité – University Medicine, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Avidan Neumann
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité – University Medicine, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nina Babel
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité – University Medicine, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Marienhospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Hölkeskampring 40, 44625 Herne, Germany
| | - Andreas Grützkau
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum – a Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Thiel
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité – University Medicine, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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Booth JS, Salerno-Goncalves R, Blanchard TG, Patil SA, Kader HA, Safta AM, Morningstar LM, Czinn SJ, Greenwald BD, Sztein MB. Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells in the Human Gastric Mucosa and Blood: Role in Helicobacter pylori Infection. Front Immunol 2015; 6:466. [PMID: 26441971 PMCID: PMC4585133 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells represent a class of antimicrobial innate-like T cells that have been characterized in human blood, liver, lungs, and intestine. Here, we investigated, for the first time, the presence of MAIT cells in the stomach of children, adults, and the elderly undergoing routine endoscopy and assessed their reactivity to Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori – Hp), a major gastric pathogen. We observed that MAIT cells are present in the lamina propria compartment of the stomach and display a similar memory phenotype to blood MAIT cells. We then demonstrated that gastric and blood MAIT cells are able to recognize H. pylori. We found that CD8+ and CD4−CD8− (double negative) MAIT cell subsets respond to H. pylori-infected macrophages stimulation in a MR-1 restrictive manner by producing cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-17A) and exhibiting cytotoxic activity. Interestingly, we observed that blood MAIT cell frequency in Hp+ve individuals was significantly lower than in Hp−ve individuals. However, gastric MAIT cell frequency was not significantly different between Hp+ve and Hp−ve individuals, demonstrating a dichotomy between blood and gastric tissues. Further, we observed that the majority of gastric MAIT cells (>80%) expressed tissue-resident markers (CD69+ CD103+), which were only marginally present on PBMC MAIT cells (<3%), suggesting that gastric MAIT cells are readily available to respond quickly to pathogens. These results contribute important new information to the understanding of MAIT cells function on peripheral and mucosal tissues and its possible implications in the host response to H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayaum S Booth
- Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA ; Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA
| | - Rosangela Salerno-Goncalves
- Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA ; Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA
| | - Thomas G Blanchard
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA
| | - Seema A Patil
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA ; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA
| | - Howard A Kader
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA
| | - Anca M Safta
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA
| | - Lindsay M Morningstar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA
| | - Steven J Czinn
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA
| | - Bruce D Greenwald
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA ; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA
| | - Marcelo B Sztein
- Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA ; Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA ; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA
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Abstract
γδ T cells represent a small population of overall T lymphocytes (0.5-5%) and have variable tissue distribution in the body. γδ T cells can perform complex functions, such as immune surveillance, immunoregulation, and effector function, without undergoing clonal expansion. Heterogeneous distribution and anatomic localization of γδ T cells in the normal and inflamed tissues play an important role in alloimmunity, autoimmunity, or immunity. The cross-talk between γδ T cells and other immune cells and phenotypic and functional plasticity of γδ T cells have been given recent attention in the field of immunology. In this review, we discussed the cellular and molecular interaction of γδ T cells with other immune cells and its mechanism in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Paul
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | - Shilpi
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | - Girdhari Lal
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune University Campus, Pune, India
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Aydintug MK, Zhang L, Wang C, Liang D, Wands JM, Michels AW, Hirsch B, Day BJ, Zhang G, Sun D, Eisenbarth GS, O'Brien RL, Born WK. γδ T cells recognize the insulin B:9-23 peptide antigen when it is dimerized through thiol oxidation. Mol Immunol 2014; 60:116-28. [PMID: 24853397 PMCID: PMC4091716 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The insulin peptide B:9-23 is a natural antigen in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of type 1 diabetes (T1D). In addition to αβ T cells and B cells, γδ T cells recognize the peptide and infiltrate the pancreatic islets where the peptide is produced within β cells. The peptide contains a cysteine in position 19 (Cys19), which is required for the γδ but not the αβ T cell response, and a tyrosine in position 16 (Tyr16), which is required for both. A peptide-specific mAb, tested along with the T cells, required neither of the two amino acids to bind the B:9-23 peptide. We found that γδ T cells require Cys19 because they recognize the peptide antigen in an oxidized state, in which the Cys19 thiols of two peptide molecules form a disulfide bond, creating a soluble homo-dimer. In contrast, αβ T cells recognize the peptide antigen as a reduced monomer, in complex with the MHCII molecule I-A(g7). Unlike the unstructured monomeric B:9-23 peptide, the γδ-stimulatory homo-dimer adopts a distinct secondary structure in solution, which differs from the secondary structure of the corresponding portion of the native insulin molecule. Tyr16 is required for this adopted structure of the dimerized insulin peptide as well as for the γδ response to it. This observation is consistent with the notion that γδ T cell recognition depends on the secondary structure of the dimerized insulin B:9-23 antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kemal Aydintug
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado Denver, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado Denver, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Dongchun Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Doheny Eye Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - J M Wands
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado Denver, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Aaron W Michels
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Brooke Hirsch
- Department of Biomolecular Structure, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora CO 80045, USA
| | - Brian J Day
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, CO 80206, USA
| | - Gongyi Zhang
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado Denver, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Deming Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Doheny Eye Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - George S Eisenbarth
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Rebecca L O'Brien
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado Denver, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Willi K Born
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado Denver, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
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Yu X, Luo X, Xie H, Chen D, Li L, Wu F, Wu C, Peng A, Huang J. Characteristics of γδ T cells in Schistosoma japonicum-infected mouse mesenteric lymph nodes. Parasitol Res 2014; 113:3393-401. [PMID: 24994455 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-014-4004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Gamma delta (γδ) T cells are mainly present in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues, which play an important role in mucosal immunity. In this study, C57BL/6 mice were infected by Schistosoma japonicum and lymphocytes were isolated from the mesenteric lymph node (MLN) to identify changes in the phenotype and function of γδ T cells using flow cytometry. Our results indicated that the absolute number of γδ T cells from the MLNs of infected mice was significantly higher compared with normal mice (P < 0.05). In addition, the infected γδ T cells expressed a high level of the activated molecule CD69 (P < 0.01) and demonstrated an increasing population of CD4(+) γδ T cells (P < 0.05). MLN γδ T cells secrete interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-4, IL-9, and IL-17 in response to propylene glycol monomethyl acetate (PMA) plus ionomycin simulation, and the levels of IL-4, IL-9, and IL-17 increased significantly after S. japonicum infection (P < 0.05). Taken together, these findings indicated that S. japonicum infection could induce γδ T cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation in the MLN. Moreover, our results indicated that the expression of NKG2D (CD314) was not increased in γδ T cells after infection, suggesting that other mechanisms are involved in activating γδ T cells. Furthermore, higher expression of programmed death-1 (CD279) but not IL-10 was detected in the γδ T cells isolated from infected mice (P < 0.05), suggesting that the function of γδ T cells is inhibited gradually over the course of S. japonicum infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxue Yu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, 510182, Guangzhou, China,
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Regular tai chi exercise decreases the percentage of type 2 cytokine-producing cells in postsurgical non-small cell lung cancer survivors. Cancer Nurs 2014; 36:E27-34. [PMID: 23051870 DOI: 10.1097/ncc.0b013e318268f7d5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tai Chi combines aspects of meditation and aerobic exercise. Its effect on the balance between cellular and humoral immunity, which potentiates human immunity against tumors, remains to be determined. OBJECTIVE The objective was to investigate the effect of a 16-week Tai Chi exercise intervention on the recovery of postsurgical non-small cell lung cancer survivors. INTERVENTIONS/METHODS A controlled study was performed in 32 lung cancer survivors who practiced Tai Chi during a 16-week period. The percentages of interferon γ-producing CD3 T lymphocyte cells (T1) and interleukin 4-producing CD3 T lymphocyte cells (T2) and CD3 T lymphocyte subsets (T helper cell type 1 [TH1], TH2; cytotoxic T cell type 1 [Tc1], Tc2) were determined as well as levels of hormones β-endorphin, general catecholamines, and cortisol. RESULTS Whereas the T1/T2 and Tc1/Tc2 ratios in the control group decreased in the natural course of postsurgical non-small cell lung cancer recovery (both P < .01), no changes were observed in the Tai Chi group. The differences in changes in the T1/T2 and Tc1/Tc2 ratios (both P < .01) and in T2 and Tc2 levels (P < .01) between the 2 groups were significant. The cortisol level increased in the control group (P < .05) but not in Tai Chi group. CONCLUSIONS A 16-week Tai Chi exercise significantly diminished the magnitude of the decreased T1/T2 ratio in the natural course of recovery in a population of postsurgical non-small cell lung cancer survivors. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Tai Chi may have a role in ameliorating the imbalance between humoral and cellular immunity, potentiating human immunity against tumors.
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Neeland MR, Elhay MJ, Nathanielsz J, Meeusen ENT, de Veer MJ. Incorporation of CpG into a liposomal vaccine formulation increases the maturation of antigen-loaded dendritic cells and monocytes to improve local and systemic immunity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:3666-75. [PMID: 24646740 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1303014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Liposomal vaccine formulations incorporating stimulants that target innate immune receptors have been shown to significantly increase vaccine immunity. Following vaccination, innate cell populations respond to immune stimuli, phagocytose and process Ag, and migrate from the injection site, via the afferent lymphatic vessels, into the local lymph node. In this study, the signals received in the periphery promote and sculpt the adaptive immune response. Effector lymphocytes then leave the lymph node via the efferent lymphatic vessel to perform their systemic function. We have directly cannulated the ovine lymphatic vessels to detail the in vivo innate and adaptive immune responses occurring in the local draining lymphatic network following vaccination with a liposome-based delivery system incorporating CpG. We show that CpG induces the rapid recruitment of neutrophils, enhances dendritic cell-associated Ag transport, and influences the maturation of innate cells entering the afferent lymph. This translated into an extended period of lymph node shutdown, the induction of IFN-γ-positive T cells, and enhanced production of Ag-specific Abs. Taken together, the results of this study quantify the real-time in vivo kinetics of the immune response in a large animal model after vaccination of a dose comparable to that administered to humans. This study details enhancement of numerous immune mechanisms that provide an explanation for the immunogenic function of CpG when employed as an adjuvant within vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie R Neeland
- Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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Zeng S, Wu J, Liu J, Qi F, Kimura Y, Cao Y, Liu B. Infection with respiratory syncytial virus influences FasL-mediated apoptosis of pulmonary γδ T cells in a murine model of allergen sensitization. J Asthma 2014; 51:360-5. [PMID: 24564286 DOI: 10.3109/02770903.2013.878954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported that adoptive transfer of γδ T cells increases the cellular infiltration, especially eosinophils, in the lungs of allergic mice, suggesting that γδ T cells may play a proinflammatory role in allergic airway inflammation. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection can decrease the number of Th2-type γδ T cells. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. METHODS BALB/c mice were inoculated intranasally with RSV before or after sensitization to OVA. The amounts of Th1/Th2 cytokines as well as the levels of specific antibodies were determined by ELISA. The apoptotic death of pulmonary γδ T cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Adoptive transfer of γδ T cells increased the production of Th2 cytokines in the lungs and allergy-related antibodies in the serum, further confirming that γδ T cells act as pro-inflammatory cells or a promoter for the development of allergic asthma. RSV infection before sensitization to OVA enhanced apoptotic death of pulmonary γδ T cells. The percentage and absolute number of FasL-expressing γδ T cells in the lungs of allergic mice were elicited significantly by prior RSV infection. Blocking FasL with monoclonal antibody diminished apoptotic death of γδ T cells, suggesting that FasL is important for RSV-induced apoptosis of pulmonary γδ T cells. CONCLUSIONS This work provides evidence that RSV infection suppresses the subsequent development of OVA-induced allergic responses partly by enhancing FasL-mediated apoptosis of pulmonary γδ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zeng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University , Shenyang , PR China
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Ohtsuka H, Kobayashi H, Kinouchi K, Kiyono M, Maeda Y. Comparison of cytokine mRNA expression in peripheral CD4+, CD8+and γδ T cells between healthy Holstein and Japanese Black calves. Anim Sci J 2014; 85:575-80. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hiroki Kobayashi
- School of Veterinary Medicine; Kitasato University; Towada Japan
| | - Kumi Kinouchi
- School of Veterinary Medicine; Kitasato University; Towada Japan
| | - Miki Kiyono
- School of Veterinary Medicine; Kitasato University; Towada Japan
| | - Yousuke Maeda
- School of Veterinary Medicine; Kitasato University; Towada Japan
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Holmgren S, Hagberg Gustavsson M, Lundén A, Wattrang E. Cytokine mRNA expression in bronchoalveolar lavage cells duringDictyocaulus viviparusinfection in calves. Parasite Immunol 2014; 36:78-86. [DOI: 10.1111/pim.12083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Holmgren
- Section of Parasitology; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Uppsala Sweden
| | - M. Hagberg Gustavsson
- Section of Parasitology; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Uppsala Sweden
| | - A. Lundén
- Section of Parasitology; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Uppsala Sweden
| | - E. Wattrang
- Department of Virology, Immunobiology and Parasitology; National Veterinary Institute; Uppsala Sweden
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IL-4: an important cytokine in determining the fate of T cells. Biophys Rev 2014; 6:111-118. [PMID: 28509961 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-013-0133-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The pleiotropic effect of cytokines has been well documented, but the effects triggered by unique cytokines in different T cell types are still under investigation. The most relevant findings on the influence of interleukin-4 (IL-4) on T cell activation, differentiation, proliferation, and survival of different T cell types are discussed in this review. The main aim of our study was to correlate the observed effect with the corresponding molecular mechanism induced on IL-4/IL-4R interaction, in an effort to understand how the same extracellular stimuli can trigger a wide spectrum of signaling pathways leading to different responses in each T cell type.
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Abstract
γδ T cells, αβ T cells, and B cells are present together in all but the most primitive vertebrates, suggesting that each population contributes to host immune competence uniquely and that all three are necessary for maintaining immune competence. Functional and molecular analyses indicate that in infections, γδ T cells respond earlier than αβ T cells do and that they emerge late after pathogen numbers start to decline. Thus, these cells may be involved in both establishing and regulating the inflammatory response. Moreover, γδ T cells and αβ T cells are clearly distinct in their antigen recognition and activation requirements as well as in the development of their antigen-specific repertoire and effector function. These aspects allow γδ T cells to occupy unique temporal and functional niches in host immune defense. We review these and other advances in γδ T cell biology in the context of their being the major initial IL-17 producers in acute infection.
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