1
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Choi SH, Pan E, Elliott A, Beltran H, Panian J, Jamieson C, Bagrodia A, Rose B, Herchenhorn D, Heath E, Nabhan C, Antonarakis ES, McKay RR. Characterization of Wnt Signaling Pathway Aberrations in Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2024; 22:920-931. [PMID: 38912907 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-24-0395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Wnt (wingless-type) signaling pathway (WSP) alterations have been identified in patients with prostate cancer and are implicated in disease progression and hormonal resistance. In this study, we utilized a multi-institutional dataset to characterize molecular alterations in the canonical and noncanonical WSPs in prostate cancer. Patients with prostate cancer who underwent tissue-based genomic sequencing were investigated. Tumors with somatic activating mutations in CTNNB1 or RSPO2 or inactivating mutations in either APC or RNF43 were characterized as having aberrant canonical Wnt signaling (WSP-activated). Overall survival analyses were restricted to microsatellite-stable (MSS) tumors lacking RNF43 G659fs* mutations. We also investigated noncanonical WSP by evaluation of ROR1, ROR2, and WNT5 in WSP-activated versus WSP wild-type (WSP-WT) tumors. Of 4,138 prostate cancer samples, 3,684 were MSS. Among MSS tumors, 42.4% were from metastatic sites, of which 19.1% were WSP activated, and 57.6% were from the prostate, of which 10.1% were WSP activated. WSP-activated tumors were more prevalent in metastatic sites than in primary prostate cancer. WSP-activated prostate cancer exhibited more SPOP mutations and higher expression of canonical WSP activators than WSP-WT tumors. ROR1 gene expression was elevated in WSP-activated tumors from both primary and metastatic sites. M2 macrophages predominated the tumor microenvironment in WSP-activated tumors. There was no significant difference in overall survival between patients with WSP-activated and WSP-WT prostate cancer. WSP-activated prostate cancer demonstrated a more immunosuppressed tumor microenvironment and a pronounced upregulation of ROR1 gene expression, underscoring its potential involvement in the crosstalk between canonical and noncanonical WSPs. Implications: Our findings may provide a rationale for developing novel therapeutic strategies targeting Wnt-activated prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon H Choi
- University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Elizabeth Pan
- University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Andrew Elliott
- Department of Medical Affairs and Precision Oncology Alliance, Caris Life Sciences, Phoenix, Arizona
| | | | - Justine Panian
- University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | | | | | - Brent Rose
- University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Daniel Herchenhorn
- University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
- Oncologia D'Or Research Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elisabeth Heath
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Chadi Nabhan
- Department of Medical Affairs and Precision Oncology Alliance, Caris Life Sciences, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Emmanuel S Antonarakis
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Rana R McKay
- University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
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2
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Zhu X, Farsh T, Vis D, Yu I, Li H, Liu T, Sjöström M, Shrestha R, Kneppers J, Severson T, Zhang M, Lundberg A, Moreno Rodriguez T, Weinstein AS, Foye A, Mehra N, Aggarwal RR, Bergman AM, Small EJ, Lack NA, Zwart W, Quigley DA, van der Heijden MS, Feng FY. Genomic and transcriptomic features of androgen receptor signaling inhibitor resistance in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e178604. [PMID: 39352383 PMCID: PMC11444163 DOI: 10.1172/jci178604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDAndrogen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSIs) have improved outcomes for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), but their clinical benefit is limited by treatment resistance.METHODSTo investigate the mechanisms of ARSI resistance, we analyzed the whole-genome (n = 45) and transcriptome (n = 31) sequencing data generated from paired metastatic biopsies obtained before initiation of first-line ARSI therapy for mCRPC and after radiographic disease progression. We investigated the effects of genetic and pharmacologic modulation of SSTR1 in 22Rv1 cells, a representative mCRPC cell line.RESULTSWe confirmed the predominant role of tumor genetic alterations converging on augmenting androgen receptor (AR) signaling and the increased transcriptional heterogeneity and lineage plasticity during the emergence of ARSI resistance. We further identified amplifications involving a putative enhancer downstream of the AR and transcriptional downregulation of SSTR1, encoding somatostatin receptor 1, in ARSI-resistant tumors. We found that patients with SSTR1-low mCRPC tumors derived less benefit from subsequent ARSI therapy in a retrospective cohort. We showed that SSTR1 was antiproliferative in 22Rv1 cells and that the FDA-approved drug pasireotide suppressed 22Rv1 cell proliferation.CONCLUSIONOur findings expand the knowledge of ARSI resistance and point out actionable next steps, exemplified by potentially targeting SSTR1, to improve patient outcomes.FUNDINGNational Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH; Prostate Cancer Foundation; Conquer Cancer, American Society of Clinical Oncology Foundation; UCSF Benioff Initiative for Prostate Cancer Research; Netherlands Cancer Institute.
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MESH Headings
- Male
- Humans
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/pathology
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/drug therapy
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/metabolism
- Receptors, Androgen/genetics
- Receptors, Androgen/metabolism
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Transcriptome
- Neoplasm Metastasis
- Receptors, Somatostatin/genetics
- Receptors, Somatostatin/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Androgen Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Zhu
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Tatyanah Farsh
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Daniël Vis
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ivan Yu
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Haolong Li
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Tianyi Liu
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Martin Sjöström
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Raunak Shrestha
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jeroen Kneppers
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tesa Severson
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Meng Zhang
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Arian Lundberg
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Thaidy Moreno Rodriguez
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Urology, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Alana S. Weinstein
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Adam Foye
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Niven Mehra
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Rahul R. Aggarwal
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Andries M. Bergman
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eric J. Small
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Nathan A. Lack
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Wilbert Zwart
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - David A. Quigley
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Urology, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Felix Y. Feng
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
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3
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Broderick A, Pan E, Li J, Chu A, Hwang C, Barata PC, Cackowski FC, Labriola M, Ghose A, Bilen MA, Kilari D, Thapa B, Piero M, Graham L, Tripathi A, Garje R, Koshkin VS, Hernandez E, Dorff TB, Schweizer MT, Alva AS, McKay RR, Armstrong AJ. Clinical implications of Wnt pathway genetic alterations in men with advanced prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2024:10.1038/s41391-024-00869-1. [PMID: 39019980 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-024-00869-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant Wnt signaling has been implicated in prostate cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis in preclinical models but the impact of genetic alterations in Wnt signaling genes in men with advanced prostate cancer is unknown. METHODS We utilized the Prostate Cancer Precision Medicine Multi-Institutional Collaborative Effort (PROMISE) clinical-genomic database for this retrospective analysis. Patients with activating mutations in CTNNB1 or RSPO2 or inactivating mutations in APC, RNF43, or ZNRF3 were defined as Wnt-altered, while those lacking such alterations were defined as Wnt non-altered. We compared patient characteristics and clinical outcomes as well as co-occurring genetic alterations according to Wnt alteration status. RESULTS Of the 1498 patients included, 193 (12.9%) were Wnt-altered. These men had a statistically significant 2-fold increased prevalence of liver and lung metastases as compared with Wnt non-altered patients at the time of initial diagnosis, (4.66% v 2.15% ; 6.22% v 3.07%), first metastatic disease diagnosis (10.88% v 5.29%; 13.99% v 6.21%), and CRPC development (11.40% v 6.36%; 12.95% v 5.29%). Wnt alterations were associated with more co-occurring alterations in RB1 (10.4% v 6.2%), AR (38.9% vs 25.7%), SPOP (13.5% vs 4.1%), FOXA1 (6.7% vs 2.8%), and PIK3CA (10.9% vs 5.1%). We found no significant differences in overall survival or other clinical outcomes from initial diagnosis, first metastatic disease, diagnosis of CRPC, or with AR inhibition for mCRPC between the Wnt groups. CONCLUSIONS Wnt-altered patients with prostate cancer have a higher prevalence of visceral metastases and are enriched in RB1, AR, SPOP, FOXA1, and PIK3CA alterations. Despite these associations, Wnt alterations were not associated with worse survival or treatment outcomes in men with advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Broderick
- Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth Pan
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jinju Li
- Rogel Cancer Center, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alec Chu
- Pathology Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Clara Hwang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Pedro C Barata
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Matthew Labriola
- Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Alyssa Ghose
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Deepak Kilari
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Bicky Thapa
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Michael Piero
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Laura Graham
- University of Colorado Cancer Center Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Abhishek Tripathi
- Department of Medical Oncology & Experimental Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Rohan Garje
- Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Vadim S Koshkin
- University of California San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Erik Hernandez
- University of California San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tanya B Dorff
- Department of Medical Oncology & Experimental Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | | | - Ajjai Shivaram Alva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rana R McKay
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Andrew J Armstrong
- Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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4
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Hiltunen J, Helminen L, Paakinaho V. Glucocorticoid receptor action in prostate cancer: the role of transcription factor crosstalk. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1437179. [PMID: 39027480 PMCID: PMC11254642 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1437179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies and is primarily driven by aberrant androgen receptor (AR) signaling. While AR-targeted therapies form the cornerstone of prostate cancer treatment, they often inadvertently activate compensatory pathways, leading to therapy resistance. This resistance is frequently mediated through changes in transcription factor (TF) crosstalk, reshaping gene regulatory programs and ultimately weakening treatment efficacy. Consequently, investigating TF interactions has become crucial for understanding the mechanisms driving therapy-resistant cancers. Recent evidence has highlighted the crosstalk between the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and AR, demonstrating that GR can induce prostate cancer therapy resistance by replacing the inactivated AR, thereby becoming a driver of the disease. In addition to this oncogenic role, GR has also been shown to act as a tumor suppressor in prostate cancer. Owing to this dual role and the widespread use of glucocorticoids as adjuvant therapy, it is essential to understand GR's actions across different stages of prostate cancer development. In this review, we explore the current knowledge of GR in prostate cancer, with a specific focus on its crosstalk with other TFs. GR can directly and indirectly interact with a variety of TFs, and these interactions vary significantly depending on the type of prostate cancer cells. By highlighting these crosstalk interactions, we aim to provide insights that can guide the research and development of new GR-targeted therapies to mitigate its harmful effects in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ville Paakinaho
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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5
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Brown LK, Kanagasabai T, Li G, Celada SI, Rumph JT, Adunyah SE, Stewart LV, Chen Z. Co-targeting SKP2 and KDM5B inhibits prostate cancer progression by abrogating AKT signaling with induction of senescence and apoptosis. Prostate 2024; 84:877-887. [PMID: 38605532 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second-leading cause of cancer mortalities in the United States and is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in men. While androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the first-line treatment option to initial responses, most PCa patients invariably develop castration-resistant PCa (CRPC). Therefore, novel and effective treatment strategies are needed. The goal of this study was to evaluate the anticancer effects of the combination of two small molecule inhibitors, SZL-P1-41 (SKP2 inhibitor) and PBIT (KDM5B inhibitor), on PCa suppression and to delineate the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS Human CRPC cell lines, C4-2B and PC3 cells, were treated with small molecular inhibitors alone or in combination, to assess effects on cell proliferation, migration, senescence, and apoptosis. RESULTS SKP2 and KDM5B showed an inverse regulation at the translational level in PCa cells. Cells deficient in SKP2 showed an increase in KDM5B protein level, compared to that in cells expressing SKP2. By contrast, cells deficient in KDM5B showed an increase in SKP2 protein level, compared to that in cells with KDM5B intact. The stability of SKP2 protein was prolonged in KDM5B depleted cells as measured by cycloheximide chase assay. Cells deficient in KDM5B were more vulnerable to SKP2 inhibition, showing a twofold greater reduction in proliferation compared to cells with KDM5B intact (p < 0.05). More importantly, combined inhibition of KDM5B and SKP2 significantly decreased proliferation and migration of PCa cells as compared to untreated controls (p < 0.005). Mechanistically, combined inhibition of KDM5B and SKP2 in PCa cells abrogated AKT activation, resulting in an induction of both cellular senescence and apoptosis, which was measured via Western blot analysis and senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) staining. CONCLUSIONS Combined inhibition of KDM5B and SKP2 was more effective at inhibiting proliferation and migration of CRPC cells, and this regimen would be an ideal therapeutic approach of controlling CRPC malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- LaKendria K Brown
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Graduate Studies, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Thanigaivelan Kanagasabai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Graduate Studies, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Guoliang Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sherly I Celada
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jelonia T Rumph
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Graduate Studies, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Samuel E Adunyah
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - LaMonica V Stewart
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Graduate Studies, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Zhenbang Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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6
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Long XB, Yao CR, Li SY, Zhang JG, Lu ZJ, Ma DD, Chen CE, Ying GG, Shi WJ. Screening androgen receptor agonists of fish species using machine learning and molecular model in NORMAN water-relevant list. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 468:133844. [PMID: 38394900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) agonists have strong endocrine disrupting effects in fish. Most studies mainly investigate AR binding capacity using human AR in vitro. However, there is still few methods to rapidly predict AR agonists in aquatic organisms. This study aimed to screen AR agonists of fish species using machine learning and molecular models in water-relevant list from NORMAN, a network of reference laboratories for monitoring contaminants of emerging concern in the environment. In this study, machine learning approaches (e.g., Deep Forest (DF)), Random Forests and artificial neural networks) were applied to predict AR agonists. Zebrafish, fathead minnow, mosquitofish, medaka fish and grass carp are all important aquatic model organisms widely used to evaluate the toxicity of new pollutants, and the molecular models of ARs from these five fish species were constructed to further screen AR agonists using AlphaFold2. The DF method showed the best performances with 0.99 accuracy, 0.97 sensitivity and 1 precision. The Asn705, Gln711, Arg752, and Thr877 residues in human AR and the corresponding sites in ARs from the five fish species were responsible for agonist binding. Overall, 245 substances were predicted as suspect AR agonists in the five fish species, including, certain glucocorticoids, cholesterol metabolites, and cardiovascular drugs in the NORMAN list. Using machine learning and molecular modeling hybrid methods rapidly and accurately screened AR agonists in fish species, and helping evaluate their ecological risk in fish populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bing Long
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chong-Rui Yao
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Si-Ying Li
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jin-Ge Zhang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Lu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dong-Dong Ma
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chang-Er Chen
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wen-Jun Shi
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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7
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Singh Z, Holt SK, Gore JL, Nyame YA, Wright JL, Schade GR. Chronic Glucocorticoid Use and Risk for Advanced Prostate Cancer at Presentation: A SEER-Medicare Cohort Study. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2024; 22:68-73.e2. [PMID: 37806926 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Examine the relationship between exposure to systemic glucocorticoids (steroids) and advanced prostate cancer (PCa) at presentation. Prior work suggested that steroid use may be associated with increased PCa risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS We queried the linked SEER-Medicare database (2004-2015) to identify PSA screened patients diagnosed with PCa. Criteria for screening included a PSA lab test or DRE exam in both the 12 month and 13 to 36 month periods prior to diagnosis of PCa. Steroid exposure was determined using Medicare Part D and groups were divided based on duration of use in the 3 years prior to diagnosis: controls with no exposure, <30 days, 30 days - 1 year, 1 to 2 years, and >2+ years. Advanced PCa was defined as systemic metastases or regional lymph node metastasis at presentation. Risk estimates for advanced PCa at presentation for steroid exposure groups vs. controls were assessed with univariable and multivariable logistic regression models. RESULTS We identified 22,920 PSA screened patients diagnosed with PCa of which 29% used glucocorticoids in the exposure period. The mean (SD) duration for glucocorticoid use (in days) among all steroid users was 76.7 days (192.1). On univariable and multivariable analyses, > 2 years of steroid exposure was associated with significantly increased risk for advanced PCa (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.35-3.14 and OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.12-2.69, respectively). CONCLUSION In this population-based PSA-screened cohort, prolonged steroid use was associated with increased risk of advanced PCa at diagnosis. With the widespread use of glucocorticoids, it is important to consider the role steroids may play in PCa pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zorawar Singh
- Department of Urology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Smith Institute for Urology at Northwell Health of the Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New York, NY
| | - Sarah K Holt
- Department of Urology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA
| | - John L Gore
- Department of Urology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Yaw A Nyame
- Department of Urology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Jonathan L Wright
- Department of Urology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA
| | - George R Schade
- Department of Urology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA.
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8
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Girel S, Markin PA, Tobolkina E, Boccard J, Moskaleva NE, Rudaz S, Appolonova SA. Comprehensive plasma steroidomics reveals subtle alterations of systemic steroid profile in patients at different stages of prostate cancer disease. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1577. [PMID: 38238434 PMCID: PMC10796437 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51859-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The steroid submetabolome, or steroidome, is of particular interest in prostate cancer (PCa) as the dependence of PCa growth on androgens is well known and has been routinely exploited in treatment for decades. Nevertheless, the community is still far from a comprehensive understanding of steroid involvement in PCa both at the tissue and at systemic level. In this study we used liquid chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry (LC/HRMS) backed by a dynamic retention time database DynaSTI to obtain a readout on circulating steroids in a cohort reflecting a progression of the PCa. Hence, 60 relevant compounds were annotated in the resulting LC/HRMS data, including 22 unknown steroid isomers therein. Principal component analysis revealed only subtle alterations of the systemic steroidome in the study groups. Next, a supervised approach allowed for a differentiation between the healthy state and any of the stages of the disease. Subsequent clustering of steroid metabolites revealed two groups responsible for this outcome: one consisted primarily of the androgens, whereas another contained corticosterone and its metabolites. The androgen data supported the currently established involvement of a hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in the development of PCa, whereas biological role of corticosterone remained elusive. On top of that, current results suggested a need for improvement in the dynamic range of the analytical methods to better understand the role of low abundant steroids, as the analysis revealed an involvement of estrogen metabolites. In particular, 2-hydroxyestradiol-3-methylether, one of the compounds present in the disease phenotype, was annotated and reported for the first time in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Girel
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Pavel A Markin
- World-Class Research Center Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Tobolkina
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Julien Boccard
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Natalia E Moskaleva
- World-Class Research Center Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435, Moscow, Russia
| | - Serge Rudaz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Svetlana A Appolonova
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolomic Analysis, Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435, Moscow, Russia
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9
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Bakrim S, El Omari N, Khan EJ, Khalid A, Abdalla AN, Chook JB, Goh KW, Ming LC, Aboulaghras S, Bouyahya A. Phytosterols activating nuclear receptors are involving in steroid hormone-dependent cancers: Myth or fact? Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 169:115783. [PMID: 37944439 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) represent intracellular proteins that function as a signaling network of transcriptional factors to control genes in response to a variety of environmental, dietary, and hormonal stimulations or serve as orphan receptors lacking a recognized ligand. They also play an essential role in normal development, metabolism, cell growth, cell division, physiology, reproduction, and homeostasis and function as biological markers for tumor subclassification and as targets for hormone therapy. NRs, including steroid hormone receptors (SHRs), have been studied as tools to examine the fundamentals of transcriptional regulation within the development of mammals and human physiology, in addition to their links to disturbances. In this regard, it is widely recognized that aberrant NR signaling is responsible for the pathological growth of hormone-dependent tumors in response to SHRs dysregulation and consequently represents a potential therapeutic candidate in a range of diseases, as in the case of prostate cancer and breast cancer. On the other hand, phytosterols are a group of plant-derived compounds that act directly as ligands for NRs and have proven their efficacy in the management of diabetes, heart diseases, and cancers. However, these plants are not suggested in cases of hormone-dependent cancer since a certain group of plants contains molecules with a chemical structure similar to that of estrogens, which are known as phytoestrogens or estrogen-like compounds, such as lignans, coumestans, and isoflavones. Therefore, it remains an open and controversial debate regarding whether consuming a phytosterol-rich diet and adopting a vegetarian lifestyle like the Mediterranean diet may increase the risk of developing steroid hormone-dependent cancers by constitutively activating SHRs and thereby leading to tumor transformation. Overall, the purpose of this review is to better understand the relevant mechanistic pathways and explore epidemiological investigations in order to establish that phytosterols may contribute to the activation of NRs as cancer drivers in hormone-dependent cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Bakrim
- Geo-Bio-Environment Engineering and Innovation Laboratory, Molecular Engineering, Biotechnology and Innovation Team, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taroudant, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir 80000, Morocco
| | - Nasreddine El Omari
- Laboratory of Histology, Embryology, and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10100, Morocco
| | | | - Asaad Khalid
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, P.O. Box: 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; Medicinal and Aromatic Plants and Traditional Medicine Research Institute, National Center for Research, P. O. Box 2404, Khartoum, Sudan.
| | - Ashraf N Abdalla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jack Bee Chook
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City, Malaysia.
| | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia.
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City, Malaysia.
| | - Sara Aboulaghras
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10106, Morocco
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10106, Morocco.
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10
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Adekiya TA, Owoseni O. Emerging frontiers in nanomedicine targeted therapy for prostate cancer. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2023; 37:100778. [PMID: 37992539 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2023.100778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a prevalent cancer in men, often treated with chemotherapy. However, it tumor cells are clinically grows slowly and is heterogeneous, leading to treatment resistance and recurrence. Nanomedicines, through targeted delivery using nanocarriers, can enhance drug accumulation at the tumor site, sustain drug release, and counteract drug resistance. In addition, combination therapy using nanomedicines can target multiple cancer pathways, improving effectiveness and addressing tumor heterogeneity. The application of nanomedicine in prostate cancer treatment would be an important strategy in controlling tumor dynamic process as well as improve survival. Thus, this review highlights therapeutic nanoparticles as a solution for prostate cancer chemotherapy, exploring targeting strategies and approaches to combat drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayo Alex Adekiya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, United States.
| | - Oluwanifemi Owoseni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, United States
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11
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Celada SI, Li G, Celada LJ, Lu W, Kanagasabai T, Feng W, Cao Z, Salsabeel N, Mao N, Brown LK, Mark ZA, Izban MG, Ballard BR, Zhou X, Adunyah SE, Matusik RJ, Wang X, Chen Z. Lysosome-dependent FOXA1 ubiquitination contributes to luminal lineage of advanced prostate cancer. Mol Oncol 2023; 17:2126-2146. [PMID: 37491794 PMCID: PMC10552895 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in FOXA1 (forkhead box protein A1) protein levels are well associated with prostate cancer (PCa) progression. Unfortunately, direct targeting of FOXA1 in progressive PCa remains challenging due to variations in FOXA1 protein levels, increased FOXA1 mutations at different stages of PCa, and elusive post-translational FOXA1 regulating mechanisms. Here, we show that SKP2 (S-phase kinase-associated protein 2) catalyzes K6- and K29-linked polyubiquitination of FOXA1 for lysosomal-dependent degradation. Our data indicate increased SKP2:FOXA1 protein ratios in stage IV human PCa compared to stages I-III, together with a strong inverse correlation (r = -0.9659) between SKP2 and FOXA1 levels, suggesting that SKP2-FOXA1 protein interactions play a significant role in PCa progression. Prostate tumors of Pten/Trp53 mice displayed increased Skp2-Foxa1-Pcna signaling and colocalization, whereas disruption of the Skp2-Foxa1 interplay in Pten/Trp53/Skp2 triple-null mice demonstrated decreased Pcna levels and increased expression of Foxa1 and luminal positive cells. Treatment of xenograft mice with the SKP2 inhibitor SZL P1-41 decreased tumor proliferation, SKP2:FOXA1 ratios, and colocalization. Thus, our results highlight the significance of the SKP2-FOXA1 interplay on the luminal lineage in PCa and the potential of therapeutically targeting FOXA1 through SKP2 to improve PCa control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherly I. Celada
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and PharmacologyMeharry Medical CollegeNashvilleTNUSA
- Department of Biological SciencesTennessee State UniversityNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Guoliang Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and PharmacologyMeharry Medical CollegeNashvilleTNUSA
| | | | - Wenfu Lu
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and PharmacologyMeharry Medical CollegeNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Thanigaivelan Kanagasabai
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and PharmacologyMeharry Medical CollegeNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Weiran Feng
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis ProgramMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Zhen Cao
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis ProgramMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical SciencesWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Nazifa Salsabeel
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis ProgramMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Ninghui Mao
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis ProgramMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA
| | - LaKendria K. Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and PharmacologyMeharry Medical CollegeNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Zaniya A. Mark
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and PharmacologyMeharry Medical CollegeNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Michael G. Izban
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell BiologyMeharry Medical CollegeNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Billy R. Ballard
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell BiologyMeharry Medical CollegeNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Xinchun Zhou
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMSUSA
| | - Samuel E. Adunyah
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and PharmacologyMeharry Medical CollegeNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Robert J. Matusik
- Department of UrologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Department of Biological SciencesTennessee State UniversityNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Zhenbang Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and PharmacologyMeharry Medical CollegeNashvilleTNUSA
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12
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Sanchez-Hernandez ES, Ochoa PT, Suzuki T, Ortiz-Hernandez GL, Unternaehrer JJ, Alkashgari HR, Diaz Osterman CJ, Martinez SR, Chen Z, Kremsky I, Wang C, Casiano CA. Glucocorticoid Receptor Regulates and Interacts with LEDGF/p75 to Promote Docetaxel Resistance in Prostate Cancer Cells. Cells 2023; 12:2046. [PMID: 37626856 PMCID: PMC10453226 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with advanced prostate cancer (PCa) invariably develop resistance to anti-androgen therapy and taxane-based chemotherapy. Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) has been implicated in PCa therapy resistance; however, the mechanisms underlying GR-mediated chemoresistance remain unclear. Lens epithelium-derived growth factor p75 (LEDGF/p75, also known as PSIP1 and DFS70) is a glucocorticoid-induced transcription co-activator implicated in cancer chemoresistance. We investigated the contribution of the GR-LEDGF/p75 axis to docetaxel (DTX)-resistance in PCa cells. GR silencing in DTX-sensitive and -resistant PCa cells decreased LEDGF/p75 expression, and GR upregulation in enzalutamide-resistant cells correlated with increased LEDGF/p75 expression. ChIP-sequencing revealed GR binding sites in the LEDGF/p75 promoter. STRING protein-protein interaction analysis indicated that GR and LEDGF/p75 belong to the same transcriptional network, and immunochemical studies demonstrated their co-immunoprecipitation and co-localization in DTX-resistant cells. The GR modulators exicorilant and relacorilant increased the sensitivity of chemoresistant PCa cells to DTX-induced cell death, and this effect was more pronounced upon LEDGF/p75 silencing. RNA-sequencing of DTX-resistant cells with GR or LEDGF/p75 knockdown revealed a transcriptomic overlap targeting signaling pathways associated with cell survival and proliferation, cancer, and therapy resistance. These studies implicate the GR-LEDGF/p75 axis in PCa therapy resistance and provide a pre-clinical rationale for developing novel therapeutic strategies for advanced PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn S. Sanchez-Hernandez
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (E.S.S.-H.); (T.S.); (G.L.O.-H.); (J.J.U.); (H.R.A.)
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (Z.C.); (I.K.); (C.W.)
| | - Pedro T. Ochoa
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (E.S.S.-H.); (T.S.); (G.L.O.-H.); (J.J.U.); (H.R.A.)
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (Z.C.); (I.K.); (C.W.)
| | - Tise Suzuki
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (E.S.S.-H.); (T.S.); (G.L.O.-H.); (J.J.U.); (H.R.A.)
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (Z.C.); (I.K.); (C.W.)
| | - Greisha L. Ortiz-Hernandez
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (E.S.S.-H.); (T.S.); (G.L.O.-H.); (J.J.U.); (H.R.A.)
| | - Juli J. Unternaehrer
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (E.S.S.-H.); (T.S.); (G.L.O.-H.); (J.J.U.); (H.R.A.)
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (Z.C.); (I.K.); (C.W.)
| | - Hossam R. Alkashgari
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (E.S.S.-H.); (T.S.); (G.L.O.-H.); (J.J.U.); (H.R.A.)
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (Z.C.); (I.K.); (C.W.)
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23890, Saudi Arabia
| | - Carlos J. Diaz Osterman
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR 00716, USA; (C.J.D.O.); (S.R.M.)
| | - Shannalee R. Martinez
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR 00716, USA; (C.J.D.O.); (S.R.M.)
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (Z.C.); (I.K.); (C.W.)
- Center for Genomics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Isaac Kremsky
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (Z.C.); (I.K.); (C.W.)
- Center for Genomics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Charles Wang
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (Z.C.); (I.K.); (C.W.)
- Center for Genomics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Carlos A. Casiano
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (E.S.S.-H.); (T.S.); (G.L.O.-H.); (J.J.U.); (H.R.A.)
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (Z.C.); (I.K.); (C.W.)
- Rheumatology Division, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
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13
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Chaudagar K, Hieromnimon HM, Khurana R, Labadie B, Hirz T, Mei S, Hasan R, Shafran J, Kelley A, Apostolov E, Al-Eryani G, Harvey K, Rameshbabu S, Loyd M, Bynoe K, Drovetsky C, Solanki A, Markiewicz E, Zamora M, Fan X, Schürer S, Swarbrick A, Sykes DB, Patnaik A. Reversal of Lactate and PD-1-mediated Macrophage Immunosuppression Controls Growth of PTEN/p53-deficient Prostate Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:1952-1968. [PMID: 36862086 PMCID: PMC10192075 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-3350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) loss of function occurs in approximately 50% of patients with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), and is associated with poor prognosis and responsiveness to standard-of-care therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors. While PTEN loss of function hyperactivates PI3K signaling, combinatorial PI3K/AKT pathway and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has demonstrated limited anticancer efficacy in clinical trials. Here, we aimed to elucidate mechanism(s) of resistance to ADT/PI3K-AKT axis blockade, and to develop rational combinatorial strategies to effectively treat this molecular subset of mCRPC. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Prostate-specific PTEN/p53-deficient genetically engineered mice (GEM) with established 150-200 mm3 tumors, as assessed by ultrasound, were treated with either ADT (degarelix), PI3K inhibitor (copanlisib), or anti-PD-1 antibody (aPD-1), as single agents or their combinations, and tumors were monitored by MRI and harvested for immune, transcriptomic, and proteomic profiling, or ex vivo co-culture studies. Single-cell RNA sequencing on human mCRPC samples was performed using 10X Genomics platform. RESULTS Coclinical trials in PTEN/p53-deficient GEM revealed that recruitment of PD-1-expressing tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) thwarts ADT/PI3Ki combination-induced tumor control. The addition of aPD-1 to ADT/PI3Ki combination led to TAM-dependent approximately 3-fold increase in anticancer responses. Mechanistically, decreased lactate production from PI3Ki-treated tumor cells suppressed histone lactylation within TAM, resulting in their anticancer phagocytic activation, which was augmented by ADT/aPD-1 treatment and abrogated by feedback activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis in mCRPC patient biopsy samples revealed a direct correlation between high glycolytic activity and TAM phagocytosis suppression. CONCLUSIONS Immunometabolic strategies that reverse lactate and PD-1-mediated TAM immunosuppression, in combination with ADT, warrant further investigation in patients with PTEN-deficient mCRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiranj Chaudagar
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hanna M. Hieromnimon
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rimpi Khurana
- Department of Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Brian Labadie
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Taghreed Hirz
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shenglin Mei
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raisa Hasan
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jordan Shafran
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anne Kelley
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eva Apostolov
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ghamdan Al-Eryani
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Kate Harvey
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Srikrishnan Rameshbabu
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mayme Loyd
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kaela Bynoe
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Catherine Drovetsky
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ani Solanki
- Animal Resource Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Marta Zamora
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Xiaobing Fan
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Stephan Schürer
- Department of Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alex Swarbrick
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - David B. Sykes
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Akash Patnaik
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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14
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Peřina M, Kiss A, Mernyák E, Mada L, Schneider G, Jorda R. Synthesis of hydrocortisone esters targeting androgen and glucocorticoid receptors in prostate cancer in vitro. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 229:106269. [PMID: 36773737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Androgen and glucocorticoid receptors have been recently described as key players in processes related to prostate cancer and mainly androgen receptor's inactivation was shown as an effective way for the prostate cancer treatment. Unfortunately, androgen deprivation therapy usually loses its effectivity and the disease frequently progresses into castration-resistant prostate cancer with poor prognosis. The role of the glucocorticoid receptor is associated with the mechanism of resistance; therefore, pharmacological targeting of glucocorticoid receptor in combination with antiandrogen treatment was shown as an alternative approach in the prostate cancer treatment. We introduce here the synthesis of novel 17α- and/or 21-ester or carbamate derivatives of hydrocortisone and evaluation of their biological activity towards androgen and glucocorticoid receptors in different prostate cancer cell lines. A 17α-butyryloxy-21-(alkyl)carbamoyloxy derivative 14 was found to diminish the transcriptional activity of both receptors (in single-digit micromolar range), with comparable potency to enzalutamide towards the androgen receptor, but weaker potency compared to mifepristone towards the glucocorticoid receptor. Lead compound inhibited proliferation and the formation of cell colonies in both androgen and glucocortiocid receptors-positive prostate cancer cell lines in low micromolar concentrations. Candidate compound 14 showed to interact with both receptors in cells and inhibited the translocation of receptors to nucleus and their activation phoshorylation. Moreover, binding to receptor's ligand binding domains was assessed by molecular modelling. Lead compound also induced the accumulation of cells in G1 phase and its combination with enzalutamide was shown to be more effective than enzalutamide alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Peřina
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Anita Kiss
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, 17720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Mernyák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, 17720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lukáš Mada
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Gyula Schneider
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, 17720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Radek Jorda
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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15
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Bui NN, Li CY, Wang LY, Chen YA, Kao WH, Chou LF, Hsieh JT, Lin H, Lai CH. Clostridium scindens metabolites trigger prostate cancer progression through androgen receptor signaling. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2023; 56:246-256. [PMID: 36639348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2022.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignancies in men; recently, PCa-related mortality has increased worldwide. Although androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the standard treatment for PCa, patients often develop aggressive castration-resistant PCa (CRPC), indicating the presence of an alternative source of androgen. Clostridium scindens is a member of the gut microbiota and can convert cortisol to 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione (11β-OHA), which is a potent androgen precursor. However, the effect of C. scindens on PCa progression has not been determined. In this study, androgen-dependent PCa cells (LNCaP) were employed to investigate whether C. scindens-derived metabolites activate androgen receptor (AR), which is a pivotal step in the development of PCa. Results showed that cortisol metabolites derived from C. scindens-conditioned medium promoted proliferation and enhanced migration of PCa cells. Furthermore, cells treated with these metabolites presented activated AR and stimulated AR-regulated genes. These findings reveal that C. scindens has the potential to promote PCa progression via the activation of AR signaling. Further studies on the gut-prostate axis may help unravel an alternative source of androgen that triggers CRPC exacerbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc-Niem Bui
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biochemistry, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Viet Nam
| | - Chen-Yi Li
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biochemistry, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Yu Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biochemistry, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-An Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Wei-Hsiang Kao
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Li-Fang Chou
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biochemistry, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Tsong Hsieh
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ho Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan; Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ho Lai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biochemistry, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, School of Medicine, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.
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16
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Preclinical models of prostate cancer - modelling androgen dependency and castration resistance in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo. Nat Rev Urol 2023:10.1038/s41585-023-00726-1. [PMID: 36788359 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-023-00726-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is well known to be dependent on the androgen receptor (AR) for growth and survival. Thus, AR is the main pharmacological target to treat this disease. However, after an initially positive response to AR-targeting therapies, prostate cancer will eventually evolve to castration-resistant prostate cancer, which is often lethal. Tumour growth was initially thought to become androgen-independent following treatments; however, results from molecular studies have shown that most resistance mechanisms involve the reactivation of AR. Consequently, tumour cells become resistant to castration - the blockade of testicular androgens - and not independent of AR per se. However, confusion still remains on how to properly define preclinical models of prostate cancer, including cell lines. Most cell lines were isolated from patients for cell culture after evolution of the tumour to castration-resistant prostate cancer, but not all of these cell lines are described as castration resistant. Moreover, castration refers to the blockade of testosterone production by the testes; thus, even the concept of "castration" in vitro is questionable. To ensure maximal transfer of knowledge from scientific research to the clinic, understanding the limitations and advantages of preclinical models, as well as how these models recapitulate cancer cell androgen dependency and can be used to study castration resistance mechanisms, is essential.
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17
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Wang J, Ding R, Ouyang T, Gao H, Kan H, Li Y, Hu Q, Yang Y. Systematic investigation of the mechanism of herbal medicines for the treatment of prostate cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:1004-1024. [PMID: 36795572 PMCID: PMC10008508 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Due to various unpleasant side effects and general ineffectiveness of current treatments for prostate cancer (PCa), more and more people with PCa try to look for complementary and alternative medicine such as herbal medicine. However, since herbal medicine has multi-components, multi-targets and multi-pathways features, its underlying molecular mechanism of action is not yet known and still needs to be systematically explored. Presently, a comprehensive approach consisting of bibliometric analysis, pharmacokinetic assessment, target prediction and network construction is firstly performed to obtain PCa-related herbal medicines and their corresponding candidate compounds and potential targets. Subsequently, a total of 20 overlapping genes between DEGs in PCa patients and the target genes of the PCa-related herbs, as well as five hub genes, i.e., CCNA2, CDK2, CTH, DPP4 and SRC were determined employing bioinformatics analysis. Further, the roles of these hub genes in PCa were also investigated through survival analysis and tumour immunity analysis. Moreover, to validate the reliability of the C-T interactions and to further explore the binding modes between ingredients and their targets, the molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were carried out. Finally, based on the modularization of the biological network, four signaling pathways, i.e., PI3K-Akt, MAPK, p53 and cell cycle were integrated to further analyze the therapeutic mechanism of PCa-related herbal medicine. All the results show the mechanism of action of herbal medicines on treating PCa from the molecular to systematic levels, providing a reference for the treatment of complex diseases using TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Wang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Ran Ding
- School of Medical Informatics Engineering, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ting Ouyang
- School of Medical Informatics Engineering, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Honglei Gao
- School of Medical Informatics Engineering, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Hongxing Kan
- School of Medical Informatics Engineering, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Qiongying Hu
- School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinfeng Yang
- School of Medical Informatics Engineering, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
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18
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Chen CH, Wu BJ. Monoamine oxidase A: An emerging therapeutic target in prostate cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1137050. [PMID: 36860320 PMCID: PMC9968829 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1137050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA), a mitochondrial enzyme degrading biogenic and dietary amines, has been studied in the contexts of neuropsychiatry and neurological disorders for decades, but its importance in oncology, as best exemplified in prostate cancer (PC) to date, was only realized recently. PC is the most commonly diagnosed non-skin cancer and the second deadliest malignancy for men in the United States. In PC, the increased expression level of MAOA is correlated with dedifferentiated tissue microarchitecture and a worse prognosis. A wealth of literature has demonstrated that MAOA promotes growth, metastasis, stemness and therapy resistance in PC, mainly by increasing oxidative stress, augmenting hypoxia, inducing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and activating the downstream principal transcription factor Twist1-dictated multiple context-dependent signaling cascades. Cancer-cell-derived MAOA also enables cancer-stromal cell interaction involving bone stromal cells and nerve cells by secretion of Hedgehog and class 3 semaphorin molecules respectively to modulate the tumor microenvironment in favor of invasion and metastasis. Further, MAOA in prostate stromal cells promotes PC tumorigenesis and stemness. Current studies suggest that MAOA functions in PC in both cell autonomous and non-autonomous manners. Importantly, clinically available monoamine oxidase inhibitors have shown promising results against PC in preclinical models and clinical trials, providing a great opportunity to repurpose them as a PC therapy. Here, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of MAOA roles and mechanisms in PC, present several MAOA-targeted strategies that have been nominated for treating PC, and discuss the unknowns of MAOA function and targeting in PC for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hui Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Boyang Jason Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
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19
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Karimaa M, Riikonen R, Kettunen H, Taavitsainen P, Ramela M, Chrusciel M, Karlsson S, Rummakko P, Simola O, Wohlfahrt G, Hakulinen P, Vuorela A, Joensuu H, Utriainen T, Fizazi K, Oksala R. First-in-Class Small Molecule to Inhibit CYP11A1 and Steroid Hormone Biosynthesis. Mol Cancer Ther 2022; 21:1765-1776. [PMID: 36129801 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-22-0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Binding of steroid hormones to their cognate receptors regulates the growth of most prostate and breast cancers. We hypothesized that CYP11A inhibition might halt the synthesis of all steroid hormones, because CYP11A is the only enzyme that catalyses the first step of steroid hormone biosynthesis. We speculated that a CYP11A inhibitor could be administered safely provided that the steroids essential for life are replaced. Virtual screening and systematic structure-activity relationship optimization were used to develop ODM-208, the first-in-class, selective, nonsteroidal, oral CYP11A1 inhibitor. Safety of ODM-208 was assessed in rats and Beagle dogs, and efficacy in a VCaP castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) xenograft mouse model, in mice and dogs, and in six patients with metastatic CRPC. Blood steroid hormone concentrations were measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. ODM-208 binds to CYP11A1 and inhibited its enzymatic activity. ODM-208 administration led to rapid, complete, durable, and reversible inhibition of the steroid hormone biosynthesis in an adrenocortical carcinoma cell model in vitro, in adult noncastrated male mice and dogs, and in patients with CRPC. All measured serum steroid hormone concentrations reached undetectable levels within a few weeks from the start of ODM-208 administration. ODM-208 was well tolerated with steroid hormone replacement. The toxicity findings were considered related to CYP11A1 inhibition and were reversed after stopping of the compound administration. Steroid hormone biosynthesis can be effectively inhibited with a small-molecule inhibitor of CYP11A1. The findings suggest that administration of ODM-208 is feasible with concomitant corticosteroid replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Meri Ramela
- Orion Corporation Orion Pharma, Espoo, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Outi Simola
- Orion Corporation Orion Pharma, Espoo, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Heikki Joensuu
- Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tapio Utriainen
- Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Karim Fizazi
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
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20
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Zhang H, Zhou Y, Xing Z, Sah RK, Hu J, Hu H. Androgen Metabolism and Response in Prostate Cancer Anti-Androgen Therapy Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113521. [PMID: 36362304 PMCID: PMC9655897 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
All aspects of prostate cancer evolution are closely related to androgen levels and the status of the androgen receptor (AR). Almost all treatments target androgen metabolism pathways and AR, from castration-sensitive prostate cancer (CSPC) to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Alterations in androgen metabolism and its response are one of the main reasons for prostate cancer drug resistance. In this review, we will introduce androgen metabolism, including how the androgen was synthesized, consumed, and responded to in healthy people and prostate cancer patients, and discuss how these alterations in androgen metabolism contribute to the resistance to anti-androgen therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haozhe Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zengzhen Xing
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Rajiv Kumar Sah
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Junqi Hu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hailiang Hu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0755-88018249
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21
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Shiota M, Akamatsu S, Tsukahara S, Nagakawa S, Matsumoto T, Eto M. Androgen receptor mutations for precision medicine in prostate cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2022; 29:R143-R155. [PMID: 35900853 DOI: 10.1530/erc-22-0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Hormonal therapies including androgen deprivation therapy and androgen receptor (AR) pathway inhibitors such as abiraterone and enzalutamide have been widely used to treat advanced prostate cancer. However, treatment resistance emerges after hormonal manipulation in most prostate cancers, and it is attributable to a number of mechanisms, including AR amplification and overexpression, AR mutations, the expression of constitutively active AR variants, intra-tumor androgen synthesis, and promiscuous AR activation by other factors. Although various AR mutations have been reported in prostate cancer, specific AR mutations (L702H, W742L/C, H875Y, F877L, and T878A/S) were frequently identified after treatment resistance emerged. Intriguingly, these hot spot mutations were also revealed to change the binding affinity of ligands including steroids and antiandrogens and potentially result in altered responses to AR pathway inhibitors. Currently, precision medicine utilizing genetic and genomic data to choose suitable treatment for the patient is becoming to play an increasingly important role in clinical practice for prostate cancer management. Since clinical data between AR mutations and the efficacy of AR pathway inhibitors are accumulating, monitoring the AR mutation status is a promising approach for providing precision medicine in prostate cancer, which would be implemented through the development of clinically available testing modalities for AR mutations using liquid biopsy. However, there are few reviews on clinical significance of AR hot spot mutations in prostate cancer. Then, this review summarized the clinical landscape of AR mutations and discussed their potential implication for clinical utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Shiota
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shusuke Akamatsu
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Tsukahara
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shohei Nagakawa
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsumoto
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Eto
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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22
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Hata S, Shimada H, Sato N, Koshiishi M, Ise K, Ogata T, Yamashita S, Ito A, Sasano H, Nakamura Y. Expression and clinicopathological significance of glucocorticoid receptor, SGK1, and NDRG1 in hormone-naïve prostate carcinoma. Med Mol Morphol 2022; 55:283-291. [PMID: 35861941 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-022-00332-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) has been implicated in prostate carcinoma growth and progression. Glucocorticoid receptor beta (GRβ) acts as an inhibitor of GR; however, its function is not well understood. Serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) is a GR-responsive gene that phosphorylates N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) and is involved in cancer growth and invasion. However, the expression of GR, GRβ, SGK1, and NDRG1 in prostate cancer and their relationship with clinicopathological and functional significance remain unknown. The association between the status of GR, GRβ, SGK1, and NDRG1 immunoreactivity and clinicopathological variables was analyzed in patients with prostate carcinoma to explore their clinical significance. In prostate carcinoma cases, the relative abundance of GR and NDRG1 immunoreactivity was inversely and significantly associated with the primary tumor stage (pT), while GR immunoreactivity was inversely and significantly associated with the Ki-67 score. The relative expression status of NDRG1 was significantly associated with that of GR. However, no significant correlation was observed between any of the clinicopathological parameters and GRβ and SGK1 expression. Our findings indicate that GR and NDRG1 expression status is correlated with clinicopathological features in patients with prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuko Hata
- Division of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 1-15-1 Fukumuro, Miyagino-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 983-8536, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shimada
- Division of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 1-15-1 Fukumuro, Miyagino-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 983-8536, Japan
| | - Naomi Sato
- Division of Pathology, Iwate Prefectural Central Hospital, 1-4-1 Ueda Iwate, Morioka, 020-0066, Japan
| | - Mayu Koshiishi
- Division of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 1-15-1 Fukumuro, Miyagino-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 983-8536, Japan
| | - Kazue Ise
- Division of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 1-15-1 Fukumuro, Miyagino-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 983-8536, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ogata
- Division of Health Administration and Policy, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 1-15-1 Fukumuro, Miyagino-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 983-8536, Japan
| | - Shinichi Yamashita
- Department of Urology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ito
- Department of Urology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nakamura
- Division of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 1-15-1 Fukumuro, Miyagino-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 983-8536, Japan. .,Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
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23
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Mai CW, Chin KY, Foong LC, Pang KL, Yu B, Shu Y, Chen S, Cheong SK, Chua CW. Modeling prostate cancer: What does it take to build an ideal tumor model? Cancer Lett 2022; 543:215794. [PMID: 35718268 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is frequently characterized as a multifocal disease with great intratumoral heterogeneity as well as a high propensity to metastasize to bone. Consequently, modeling prostate tumor has remained a challenging task for researchers in this field. In the past decades, genomic advances have led to the identification of key molecular alterations in prostate cancer. Moreover, resistance towards second-generation androgen-deprivation therapy, namely abiraterone and enzalutamide has unveiled androgen receptor-independent diseases with distinctive histopathological and clinical features. In this review, we have critically evaluated the commonly used preclinical models of prostate cancer with respect to their capability of recapitulating the key genomic alterations, histopathological features and bone metastatic potential of human prostate tumors. In addition, we have also discussed the potential use of the emerging organoid models in prostate cancer research, which possess clear advantages over the commonly used preclinical tumor models. We anticipate that no single model can faithfully recapitulate the complexity of prostate cancer, and thus, propose the use of a cost- and time-efficient integrated tumor modeling approach for future prostate cancer investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Wai Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China; Centre for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, 43000, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Yong Chin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia
| | - Lian-Chee Foong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China; Centre for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, 43000, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Lun Pang
- Newcastle University Medicine Malaysia, Iskandar Puteri, 79200, Malaysia
| | - Bin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yu Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Sisi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Soon-Keng Cheong
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, 43000, Malaysia
| | - Chee Wai Chua
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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24
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Sawant M, Mahajan K, Renganathan A, Weimholt C, Luo J, Kukshal V, Jez JM, Jeon MS, Zhang B, Li T, Fang B, Luo Y, Lawrence NJ, Lawrence HR, Feng FY, Mahajan NP. Chronologically modified androgen receptor in recurrent castration-resistant prostate cancer and its therapeutic targeting. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabg4132. [PMID: 35704598 PMCID: PMC10259236 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abg4132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to second-generation androgen receptor (AR) antagonists such as enzalutamide is an inevitable consequence in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). There are no effective therapeutic options for this recurrent disease. The expression of truncated AR variant 7 (AR-V7) has been suggested to be one mechanism of resistance; however, its low frequency in patients with CRPC does not explain the almost universal acquisition of resistance. We noted that the ability of AR to translocate to nucleus in an enzalutamide-rich environment opens up the possibility of a posttranslational modification in AR that is refractory to enzalutamide binding. Chemical proteomics in enzalutamide-resistant CRPC cells revealed acetylation at Lys609 in the zinc finger DNA binding domain of AR (acK609-AR) that not only allowed AR translocation but also galvanized a distinct global transcription program, conferring enzalutamide insensitivity. Mechanistically, acK609-AR was recruited to the AR and ACK1/TNK2 enhancers, up-regulating their transcription. ACK1 kinase-mediated AR Y267 phosphorylation was a prerequisite for AR K609 acetylation, which spawned positive feedback loops at both the transcriptional and posttranslational level that regenerated and sustained high AR and ACK1 expression. Consistent with these findings, oral and subcutaneous treatment with ACK1 small-molecule inhibitor, (R)-9b, not only curbed AR Y267 phosphorylation and subsequent K609 acetylation but also compromised enzalutamide-resistant CRPC xenograft tumor growth in mice. Overall, these data uncover chronological modification events in AR that allows prostate cancer to evolve through progressive stages to reach the resilient recurrent CRPC stage, opening up a therapeutic vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithila Sawant
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kiran Mahajan
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Arun Renganathan
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Cody Weimholt
- Department of Anatomic and Clinical Pathology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jingqin Luo
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Vandna Kukshal
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joseph M. Jez
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Myung Sik Jeon
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Bioinformatics Research Core, Center of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tiandao Li
- Bioinformatics Research Core, Center of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Bin Fang
- Drug Discovery Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Yunting Luo
- Drug Discovery Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Lawrence
- Drug Discovery Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Harshani R. Lawrence
- Drug Discovery Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Felix Y. Feng
- Helen Diller Family Cancer Research Building, 1450 Third Street, Room 383, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Nupam P. Mahajan
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Hou Z, Huang S, Mei Z, Chen L, Guo J, Gao Y, Zhuang Q, Zhang X, Tan Q, Yang T, Liu Y, Chi Y, Qi L, Jiang T, Shao X, Wu Y, Xu X, Qin J, Ren R, Tang H, Wu D, Li Z. Inhibiting 3βHSD1 to eliminate the oncogenic effects of progesterone in prostate cancer. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100561. [PMID: 35492874 PMCID: PMC9040187 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer continuously progresses following deprivation of circulating androgens originating from the testis and adrenal glands, indicating the existence of oncometabolites beyond androgens. In this study, mass-spectrometry-based screening of clinical specimens and a retrospective analysis on the clinical data of prostate cancer patients indicate the potential oncogenic effects of progesterone in patients. High doses of progesterone activate canonical and non-canonical androgen receptor (AR) target genes. Physiological levels of progesterone facilitate cell proliferation via GATA2. Inhibitors of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (3βHSD1) has been discovered and shown to suppress the generation of progesterone, eliminating its transient and accumulating oncogenic effects. An increase in progesterone is associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients and may be used as a predictive biomarker. Overall, we demonstrate that progesterone acts as an oncogenic hormone in prostate cancer, and strategies to eliminate its oncogenic effects may benefit prostate cancer patients. High doses of progesterone activate canonical and non-canonical AR signaling Progesterone of physiological levels exerts its chronic oncogenic effect via GATA2 Targeting 3βHSD1 to suppress progesterone synthesis blocks its oncogenic effects Serum progesterone might be a predictive biomarker for abiraterone response
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Affiliation(s)
- Zemin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shengsong Huang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Zejie Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Longlong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Metabonomics and Systems Biology Laboratory at Shanghai International Centre for Molecular Phenomics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jiacheng Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yuanyuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qian Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xuebin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qilong Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Yongnan Chi
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Lifengrong Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Jiang
- Department of Urology, First People's Hospital of Taicang, Taicang, Jiangsu 215400, China
| | - Xuefeng Shao
- Department of Urology, First People's Hospital of Taicang, Taicang, Jiangsu 215400, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ruobing Ren
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Life and Health Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Huiru Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Metabonomics and Systems Biology Laboratory at Shanghai International Centre for Molecular Phenomics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Denglong Wu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Zhenfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.,Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
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Prostate Cancer Disparities in Hispanics using the National Cancer Database. Urology 2022; 165:218-226. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2022.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Zhao JL, Fizazi K, Saad F, Chi KN, Taplin ME, Sternberg CN, Armstrong AJ, de Bono JS, Duggan WT, Scher HI. The Effect of Corticosteroids on Prostate Cancer Outcome Following Treatment with Enzalutamide: A Multivariate Analysis of the Phase III AFFIRM Trial. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:860-869. [PMID: 34965947 PMCID: PMC9366341 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-1090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The clinical impact of concurrent corticosteroid use (CCU) on enzalutamide-treated patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is unknown. We investigated the association of CCU with overall survival (OS), radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS), and time to prostate-specific antigen progression (TTPP) in post-chemotherapy, enzalutamide-treated patients with mCRPC. PATIENTS AND METHODS Post hoc analysis of AFFIRM (NCT00974311) with patients (n = 1,199) randomized 2:1 to enzalutamide 160 mg/day or placebo. Treatment group, CCU, and known prognostic factors were evaluated for impact on OS, rPFS, and TTPP using a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. CCU was defined as "baseline" (use started at baseline) or "on-study" (baseline plus use that was started during the trial). RESULTS Enzalutamide significantly improved OS, rPFS, and TTPP independent of baseline CCU but was associated with inferior clinical outcomes when compared with no baseline CCU, including a shorter OS [10.8 months vs. not reached (NR); HR for use vs. no use, 2.13; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.79-2.54], rPFS (5.2 months vs. 8.0 months; HR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.29-1.72], and TTPP (4.6 months vs. 5.7 months; HR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.25-1.81). These findings held in a multivariate analysis adjusting for baseline prognostic factors wherein baseline CCU was independently associated with decreased OS (HR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.43-2.04; P < 0.0001) and rPFS (HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.11-1.48; P = 0.0007). CONCLUSIONS Patients with mCRPC benefited from enzalutamide treatment independent of CCU, but CCU was associated with worse baseline prognostic factors and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy L. Zhao
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Karim Fizazi
- Department of Cancer Medicine at Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Fred Saad
- Department of GU Oncology, University of Montreal Hospital Centre (CHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - Kim N. Chi
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mary-Ellen Taplin
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Cora N. Sternberg
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Johann S. de Bono
- The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Howard I. Scher
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Weill Cornell College of Medicine, New York, New York.,Corresponding Author: Howard I. Scher, Genitourinary Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065. E-mail:
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Morrison G, Buckley J, Ostrow D, Varghese B, Cen SY, Werbin J, Ericson N, Cunha A, Lu YT, George T, Smith J, Quinn D, Duddalwar V, Triche T, Goldkorn A. Non-Invasive Profiling of Advanced Prostate Cancer via Multi-Parametric Liquid Biopsy and Radiomic Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2571. [PMID: 35269713 PMCID: PMC8910093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrating liquid biopsies of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) with other minimally invasive measures may yield more comprehensive disease profiles. We evaluated the feasibility of concurrent cellular and molecular analysis of CTCs and cfDNA combined with radiomic analysis of CT scans from patients with metastatic castration-resistant PC (mCRPC). CTCs from 22 patients were enumerated, stained for PC-relevant markers, and clustered based on morphometric and immunofluorescent features using machine learning. DNA from single CTCs, matched cfDNA, and buffy coats was sequenced using a targeted amplicon cancer hotspot panel. Radiomic analysis was performed on bone metastases identified on CT scans from the same patients. CTCs were detected in 77% of patients and clustered reproducibly. cfDNA sequencing had high sensitivity (98.8%) for germline variants compared to WBC. Shared and unique somatic variants in PC-related genes were detected in cfDNA in 45% of patients (MAF > 0.1%) and in CTCs in 92% of patients (MAF > 10%). Radiomic analysis identified a signature that strongly correlated with CTC count and plasma cfDNA level. Integration of cellular, molecular, and radiomic data in a multi-parametric approach is feasible, yielding complementary profiles that may enable more comprehensive non-invasive disease modeling and prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth Morrison
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (G.M.); (A.C.); (Y.-T.L.); (D.Q.)
| | - Jonathan Buckley
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA;
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (D.O.); (T.T.)
| | - Dejerianne Ostrow
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (D.O.); (T.T.)
| | - Bino Varghese
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA;
| | - Steven Y. Cen
- Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA;
| | - Jeffrey Werbin
- RareCyte, Inc., Seattle, WA 98121, USA; (J.W.); (N.E.); (T.G.)
| | - Nolan Ericson
- RareCyte, Inc., Seattle, WA 98121, USA; (J.W.); (N.E.); (T.G.)
| | - Alexander Cunha
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (G.M.); (A.C.); (Y.-T.L.); (D.Q.)
| | - Yi-Tsung Lu
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (G.M.); (A.C.); (Y.-T.L.); (D.Q.)
| | - Thaddeus George
- RareCyte, Inc., Seattle, WA 98121, USA; (J.W.); (N.E.); (T.G.)
| | - Jeffrey Smith
- Clinical Sequencing Division, Thermo Fisher Scientific, San Francisco, CA 94080, USA;
| | - David Quinn
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (G.M.); (A.C.); (Y.-T.L.); (D.Q.)
| | - Vinay Duddalwar
- Departments of Radiology and Urology, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA;
| | - Timothy Triche
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (D.O.); (T.T.)
| | - Amir Goldkorn
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (G.M.); (A.C.); (Y.-T.L.); (D.Q.)
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Yu EM, Aragon-Ching JB. Advances with androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2022; 23:1015-1033. [PMID: 35108137 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2022.2033210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has been a treatment of choice for prostate cancer in almost all phases, particularly in the locally advanced, metastatic setting in both hormone-sensitive and castration-resistant diseaseand in those who are unfit for any local therapy. Different ways of administering ADT comes in the form of surgical or chemical castration with the use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH-agonists) being the foremost way of delivering ADT. AREAS COVERED This review encompasses ADT history, use of leuprolide, degarelix, and relugolix, with contextual use of ADT in combination with androgen-signaling inhibitors and potential mechanisms of resistance. Novel approaches with regard to hormone therapy are also discussed. EXPERT OPINION The use of GnRH-agonists and GnRH-antagonists yields efficacy that is likely equivalent in resulting in testosterone suppression. While the side-effect profile with ADT are generally equivalent, effects on cardiovascular morbidity may be improved with the use of oral relugolix though this is noted with caution since the cardiovascular side-effects were a result of secondary subgroup analyses. The choice of ADT hinges upon cost, availability, ease of administration, and preference amongst physicians and patients alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Mi Yu
- GU Medical Oncology, Inova Schar Cancer Institute, Fairfax, VA, USA
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Figueira JA, Sarafim-Silva BAM, Gonçalves GM, Aranha LN, Lopes FL, Corrente JE, Biasoli ÉR, Miyahara GI, Bernabé DG. Predisposing factors for increased cortisol levels in oral cancer patients. COMPREHENSIVE PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY 2022; 9:100110. [PMID: 35755918 PMCID: PMC9216328 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpnec.2022.100110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer patients may have a dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and abnormal secretion of cortisol. Increased cortisol levels have been associated with worse prognosis in patients with different types of tumors. Although anxiety and depression can trigger an abnormal cortisol secretion, little is known regarding the influence of these emotional disorders on HPA axis dysregulation in cancer patients when evaluating together with demographic, clinicopathological and biobehavioral variables. This cross-sectional study analyzed the pre-treatment plasma cortisol levels of 133 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and its association with demographic, clinicopathological, biobehavioral and psychological variables. Plasma cortisol levels were measured by electrochemiluminescence, and anxiety and depression symptoms were assessed using Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Depression (BDI), respectively. Demographic, clinicopathological and biobehavioral data were collected from patients' medical records. Results from multivariate analysis showed that the occurrence of cancer-induced pain was predictive for higher cortisol levels (OR = 5.388, p = 0.003). Men with OSCC were 4.5 times more likely to have higher plasma cortisol levels than women (OR = 4.472, p = 0.018). The effect of sex on cortisol concentrations was lost in the adjusted model for clinical staging (OR = 2.945, p = 0.116). The absence of chronic alcohol consumption history was a protective factor for highest hormone concentrations in oral cancer patients (OR = 0.104, p = 0.004). Anxiety symptoms measured by BAI as “hands trembling” (OR = 0.192, p = 0.016) and being “nervous” (OR = 0.207, p = 0.0004) were associated with lower cortisol levels. In contrast, the feeling of “fear of losing control” was a risk factor for highest hormone concentrations (OR = 6.508, p = 0.0004). The global score and specific symptoms of depression measured by the BDI were not predictive for plasma hormone levels (p > 0.05). Together, our results show that pain, alcohol consumption and feeling fear are independent factors for increased systemic cortisol levels in patients with oral cancer. Therefore, psychological intervention, as well as control of pain and alcohol consumption, should be considered to prevent the negative effects of cortisol secretion dysregulation in cancer patients. Pain, alcoholism and fear increase cortisol levels in cancer patients. Different anxiety symptoms can inversely predict cortisol systemic levels. Management of pain, alcoholism, and fear could prevent HPA axis dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Araújo Figueira
- Psychosomatic Research Center, Oral Oncology Center, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 15050-015, Brazil
| | - Bruna Amélia Moreira Sarafim-Silva
- Psychosomatic Research Center, Oral Oncology Center, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 15050-015, Brazil
| | - Gislene Maria Gonçalves
- Psychosomatic Research Center, Oral Oncology Center, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 15050-015, Brazil
| | | | - Flávia Lombardi Lopes
- Department of Production and Animal Health, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 16050-680, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Corrente
- Research Support Office, Botucatu Medical School (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Éder Ricardo Biasoli
- Psychosomatic Research Center, Oral Oncology Center, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 15050-015, Brazil
| | - Glauco Issamu Miyahara
- Psychosomatic Research Center, Oral Oncology Center, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 15050-015, Brazil
| | - Daniel Galera Bernabé
- Psychosomatic Research Center, Oral Oncology Center, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 15050-015, Brazil
- Corresponding author. Psychosomatic Research Center, Oral Oncology Center, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, 1193 José Bonifácio St, SP 15050-015, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Snaterse G, Mies R, van Weerden WM, French PJ, Jonker JW, Houtsmuller AB, van Royen ME, Visser JA, Hofland J. Androgen receptor mutations modulate activation by 11-oxygenated androgens and glucocorticoids. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2022:10.1038/s41391-022-00491-z. [PMID: 35046557 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-022-00491-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgen receptor (AR) ligand-binding domain (LBD) mutations occur in ~20% of all castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients. These mutations confer ligand promiscuity, but the affinity for many steroid hormone pathway intermediates is unknown. In this study, we investigated the stimulation of clinically relevant AR-LBD mutants by endogenous and exogenous steroid hormones present in CRPC patients to unravel their potential contribution to AR pathway reactivation. METHODS A meta-analysis of studies reporting untargeted analysis of AR mutants was performed to identify clinically relevant AR-LBD mutations. Using luciferase reporter and quantitative fluorescent microscopy, these AR mutants were screened for sensitivity for various endogenous steroids and synthetic glucocorticoids used in the treatment of CRPC. RESULTS The meta-analysis revealed that ARL702H (3.4%), ARH875Y (4.9%), and ART878A (4.4%) were the most prevalent AR-LBD mutations across 1614 CRPC patients from 21 unique studies. Testosterone (EC50: 0.22 nmol/L) and 11-ketotestosterone (11KT, EC50: 0.74 nmol/L) displayed subnanomolar affinity for ARWT. The p.H875Y mutation selectively increased sensitivity of the AR for 11KT (EC50: 0.15 nmol/L, p < 0.05 vs ARWT), whereas p.L702H decreased sensitivity for 11KT by almost 50-fold. While cortisol and prednisolone both stimulate ARL702H, dexamethasone importantly does not. CONCLUSION Both testosterone and 11KT effectively contribute to ARWT activation, while selective sensitization positions 11KT as a more prominent activator of ARH875Y. Dexamethasone may be a suitable alternative to prednisolone and should be explored in patients bearing the ARL702H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gido Snaterse
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rosinda Mies
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wytske M van Weerden
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pim J French
- Cancer Treatment Screening Facility, Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan W Jonker
- Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan B Houtsmuller
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin E van Royen
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jenny A Visser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes Hofland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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Likos E, Bhattarai A, Weyman CM, Shukla GC. The androgen receptor messenger RNA: what do we know? RNA Biol 2022; 19:819-828. [PMID: 35704670 PMCID: PMC9225383 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2022.2084839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Androgen Receptor (AR), transcriptionally activated by its ligands, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT), is widely expressed in cells and tissues, influencing normal biology and disease states. The protein product of the AR gene is involved in the regulation of numerous biological functions, including the development and maintenance of the normal prostate gland and of the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal and immune systems. Androgen signalling, mediated by AR protein, plays a crucial role in the development of prostate cancer (PCa), and is presumed to be involved in other cancers including those of the breast, bladder, liver and kidney. Significant research and reviews have focused on AR protein function; however, inadequate research and literature exist to define the function of AR mRNA in normal and cancer cells. The AR mRNA transcript is nearly 11 Kb long and contains a long 3’ untranslated region (UTR), suggesting its biological role in post-transcriptional regulation, consequently affecting the overall functions of both normal and cancer cells. Research has demonstrated that many biological activities, including RNA stability, translation, cellular trafficking and localization, are associated with the 3’ UTRs of mRNAs. In this review, we describe the potential role of the AR 3’ UTR and summarize RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) that interact with the AR mRNA to regulate post-transcriptional metabolism. We highlight the importance of AR mRNA as a critical modulator of carcinogenesis and its important role in developing therapy-resistant prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eviania Likos
- Department of Biological, Geo. and Evs. Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Asmita Bhattarai
- Department of Biological, Geo. and Evs. Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Crystal M Weyman
- Department of Biological, Geo. and Evs. Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Girish C Shukla
- Department of Biological, Geo. and Evs. Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Liu J, Zhang Y, Li S, Sun F, Wang G, Wei D, Yang T, Gu S. Androgen deprivation‑induced OPHN1 amplification promotes castration‑resistant prostate cancer. Oncol Rep 2021; 47:3. [PMID: 34738630 PMCID: PMC8600397 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is used to treat prostate cancer (PCa). However, ADT may increase the expression of androgen receptor (AR) through the amplification of chromosome X. The gene oligophrenin 1 (OPHN1) is located in the same region as the AR gene, which could be amplified by ADT. Thus, the role of OPHN1 in PCa pathology was investigated. The expression status of OPHN1 in PCa was searched in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Androgen-sensitive cells LNCaP and 22RV1 were cultured under ADT conditions, and then the expression of OPHN1 was evaluated by northern blotting. The expression of OPHN1 was enhanced or knocked down in LNCaP and 22RV1 cells by transfection. Subsequently, the LNCaP and 22RV1 cells were cultured under ADT, and the viability rate, apoptosis, and migration of cells were assessed by MTT, flow cytometry, and Transwell assay respectively. The expression of OPHN1 was also enhanced or knocked down in androgen-insensitive PC3 cells, and then the effects of OPHN1 on the viability, apoptosis, and migration of PC3 cells were assessed. A mouse xenograft model was created by injecting LNCaP cells with OPHN1 overexpression subcutaneously, and the tumor growth rates were monitored. In TCGA database, amplification of the OPHN1 gene was observed in the PCa tumors. ADT increased the expression of OPHN1 in LNCaP and 22RV1 cells (P<0.05). OPHN1 could promote resistance of LNCaP and 22RV1 cells to ADT by promoting cell survival and preventing their apoptosis (P<0.05). In addition, OPHN1 contributed to cell viability (P<0.05) and enhanced the migration ability in LNCaP, 22RV1 and PC3 cells (P<0.05). In the mouse model, the PCa xenograft with OPHN1 overexpression had a higher growth rate and was more resistant to the ADT condition (P<0.05). In summary, ADT induced the overexpression of OPHN1 in PCa, which facilitated PCa cell survival and promoted PCa progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjiang Liu
- Department of Urology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Yunxia Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Shoubin Li
- Department of Urology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Fuzhen Sun
- Department of Urology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Urology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Dong Wei
- Department of Urology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Urology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Shouyi Gu
- Department of Urology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
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Boldrini L, Faviana P, Galli L, Paolieri F, Erba PA, Bardi M. Multi-Dimensional Scaling Analysis of Key Regulatory Genes in Prostate Cancer Using the TCGA Database. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1350. [PMID: 34573332 PMCID: PMC8468120 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is a polygenic disease with multiple gene interactions. Therefore, a detailed analysis of its epidemiology and evaluation of risk factors can help to identify more accurate predictors of aggressive disease. We used the transcriptome data from a cohort of 243 patients from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Key regulatory genes involved in proliferation activity, in the regulation of stress, and in the regulation of inflammation processes of the tumor microenvironment were selected to test a priori multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) models and create a combined score to better predict the patients' survival and disease-free intervals. Survival was positively correlated with cortisol expression and negatively with Mini-Chromosome Maintenance 7 (MCM7) and Breast-Related Cancer Antigen2 (BRCA2) expression. The disease-free interval was negatively related to the expression of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), MCM7, BRCA2, and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1). MDS suggested two separate pathways of activation in PC. Within these two dimensions three separate clusters emerged: (1) cortisol and brain-derived neurotrophic factor BDNF, (2) PD-L1 and cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTL4); (3) and finally EZH2, MCM7, BRCA2, and c-Myc. We entered the three clusters of association shown in the MDS in several Kaplan-Meier analyses. It was found that only Cluster 3 was significantly related to the interval-disease free, indicating that patients with an overall higher activity of regulatory genes of proliferation and DNA repair had a lower probability to have a longer disease-free time. In conclusion, our data study provided initial evidence that selecting patients with a high grade of proliferation and DNA repair activity could lead to an early identification of an aggressive PC with a potentials for metastatic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Boldrini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Pinuccia Faviana
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Luca Galli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.G.); (F.P.); (P.A.E.)
| | - Federico Paolieri
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.G.); (F.P.); (P.A.E.)
| | - Paola Anna Erba
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.G.); (F.P.); (P.A.E.)
| | - Massimo Bardi
- Department of Psychology & Behavioral Neuroscience, Randolph-Macon College, Ashland, VA 23005, USA;
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Kalogirou C, Linxweiler J, Schmucker P, Snaebjornsson MT, Schmitz W, Wach S, Krebs M, Hartmann E, Puhr M, Müller A, Spahn M, Seitz AK, Frank T, Marouf H, Büchel G, Eckstein M, Kübler H, Eilers M, Saar M, Junker K, Röhrig F, Kneitz B, Rosenfeldt MT, Schulze A. MiR-205-driven downregulation of cholesterol biosynthesis through SQLE-inhibition identifies therapeutic vulnerability in aggressive prostate cancer. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5066. [PMID: 34417456 PMCID: PMC8379214 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25325-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) shows strong dependence on the androgen receptor (AR) pathway. Here, we show that squalene epoxidase (SQLE), an enzyme of the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway, is overexpressed in advanced PCa and its expression correlates with poor survival. SQLE expression is controlled by micro-RNA 205 (miR-205), which is significantly downregulated in advanced PCa. Restoration of miR-205 expression or competitive inhibition of SQLE led to inhibition of de novo cholesterol biosynthesis. Furthermore, SQLE was essential for proliferation of AR-positive PCa cell lines, including abiraterone or enzalutamide resistant derivatives, and blocked transactivation of the AR pathway. Inhibition of SQLE with the FDA approved antifungal drug terbinafine also efficiently blocked orthotopic tumour growth in mice. Finally, terbinafine reduced levels of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in three out of four late-stage PCa patients. These results highlight SQLE as a therapeutic target for the treatment of advanced PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kalogirou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Urology and Paediatric Urology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - J Linxweiler
- Department of Urology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - P Schmucker
- Department of Urology and Paediatric Urology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - M T Snaebjornsson
- German Cancer Research Center, Division of Tumor Metabolism and Microenvironment, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - W Schmitz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, Würzburg, Germany
| | - S Wach
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Krebs
- Department of Urology and Paediatric Urology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - E Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, Julius Maximilians University and Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) Mainfranken, Würzburg, Germany
| | - M Puhr
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A Müller
- Clinic for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - M Spahn
- Center for Urology, Hirslanden Private Hospital Group, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A K Seitz
- Department of Urology and Paediatric Urology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - T Frank
- Department of Urology and Paediatric Urology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - H Marouf
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, Würzburg, Germany
| | - G Büchel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, Würzburg, Germany
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - M Eckstein
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - H Kübler
- Department of Urology and Paediatric Urology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - M Eilers
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, Würzburg, Germany
| | - M Saar
- Department of Urology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - K Junker
- Department of Urology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - F Röhrig
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, Würzburg, Germany
| | - B Kneitz
- Department of Urology and Paediatric Urology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - M T Rosenfeldt
- Institute of Pathology, Julius Maximilians University and Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) Mainfranken, Würzburg, Germany
| | - A Schulze
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, Würzburg, Germany.
- German Cancer Research Center, Division of Tumor Metabolism and Microenvironment, Heidelberg, Germany.
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37
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Paakinaho V, Palvimo JJ. Genome-wide crosstalk between steroid receptors in breast and prostate cancers. Endocr Relat Cancer 2021; 28:R231-R250. [PMID: 34137734 PMCID: PMC8345902 DOI: 10.1530/erc-21-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Steroid receptors (SRs) constitute an important class of signal-dependent transcription factors (TFs). They regulate a variety of key biological processes and are crucial drug targets in many disease states. In particular, estrogen (ER) and androgen receptors (AR) drive the development and progression of breast and prostate cancer, respectively. Thus, they represent the main specific drug targets in these diseases. Recent evidence has suggested that the crosstalk between signal-dependent TFs is an important step in the reprogramming of chromatin sites; a signal-activated TF can expand or restrict the chromatin binding of another TF. This crosstalk can rewire gene programs and thus alter biological processes and influence the progression of disease. Lately, it has been postulated that there may be an important crosstalk between the AR and the ER with other SRs. Especially, progesterone (PR) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) can reprogram chromatin binding of ER and gene programs in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, GR can take the place of AR in antiandrogen-resistant prostate cancer cells. Here, we review the current knowledge of the crosstalk between SRs in breast and prostate cancers. We emphasize how the activity of ER and AR on chromatin can be modulated by other SRs on a genome-wide scale. We also highlight the knowledge gaps in the interplay of SRs and their complex interactions with other signaling pathways and suggest how to experimentally fill in these gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ville Paakinaho
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jorma J Palvimo
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Correspondence should be addressed to J J Palvimo:
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38
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Maylin ZR, Nicolescu RC, Pandha H, Asim M. Breaking androgen receptor addiction of prostate cancer by targeting different functional domains in the treatment of advanced disease. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101115. [PMID: 33993099 PMCID: PMC8138777 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, treatment for castration-resistant prostate cancer has changed markedly, impacting symptom control and longevity for patients. However, a large proportion of cases progress despite androgen deprivation therapy and chemotherapy, while still being fit enough for several more lines of treatment. Overstimulation of the androgen receptor (AR) activity is the main driver of this cancer. Targeting biological functions of the AR or its co-regulators has proven very effective in this disease and led to the development of several highly effective drugs targeting the AR signalling axis. Drugs such as enzalutamide demonstrated that the improvement in anti-tumour efficacy is closely correlated with an affinity for the AR and its activity and have established the paradigm that AR remains activity in aggressive disease. However, as importantly, key insights into mechanisms of resistance are guiding the development of the next generation of AR-targeted drugs. This review outlines the historical development of these highly specific agents, their mechanism of action in the context of defective AR activity, and explores the potential for the upcoming next-generation AR inhibitors (ARI) for prostate cancer by targeting the alternative domains of AR, rather than by the conventional ligand-binding domain approach. There is huge potential in these approaches to develop new drugs with high clinical activity and further improve the outlook for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe R Maylin
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, UK
| | | | - Hardev Pandha
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, UK
| | - Mohammad Asim
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, UK.
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39
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Fontana F, Limonta P. Dissecting the Hormonal Signaling Landscape in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:1133. [PMID: 34067217 PMCID: PMC8151003 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying prostate cancer (PCa) progression towards its most aggressive, castration-resistant (CRPC) stage is urgently needed to improve the therapeutic options for this almost incurable pathology. Interestingly, CRPC is known to be characterized by a peculiar hormonal landscape. It is now well established that the androgen/androgen receptor (AR) axis is still active in CRPC cells. The persistent activity of this axis in PCa progression has been shown to be related to different mechanisms, such as intratumoral androgen synthesis, AR amplification and mutations, AR mRNA alternative splicing, increased expression/activity of AR-related transcription factors and coregulators. The hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), by binding to its specific receptors (GnRH-Rs) at the pituitary level, plays a pivotal role in the regulation of the reproductive functions. GnRH and GnRH-R are also expressed in different types of tumors, including PCa. Specifically, it has been demonstrated that, in CRPC cells, the activation of GnRH-Rs is associated with a significant antiproliferative/proapoptotic, antimetastatic and antiangiogenic activity. This antitumor activity is mainly mediated by the GnRH-R-associated Gαi/cAMP signaling pathway. In this review, we dissect the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of the androgen/AR and GnRH/GnRH-R axes in CRPC progression and the possible therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrizia Limonta
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy;
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40
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Devlies W, Handle F, Devos G, Joniau S, Claessens F. Preclinical Models in Prostate Cancer: Resistance to AR Targeting Therapies in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:915. [PMID: 33671614 PMCID: PMC7926818 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is an androgen-driven tumor. Different prostate cancer therapies consequently focus on blocking the androgen receptor pathway. Clinical studies reported tumor resistance mechanisms by reactivating and bypassing the androgen pathway. Preclinical models allowed the identification, confirmation, and thorough study of these pathways. This review looks into the current and future role of preclinical models to understand resistance to androgen receptor-targeted therapies. Increasing knowledge on this resistance will greatly improve insights into tumor pathophysiology and future treatment strategies in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wout Devlies
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (G.D.); (S.J.)
| | - Florian Handle
- Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Gaëtan Devos
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (G.D.); (S.J.)
| | - Steven Joniau
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (G.D.); (S.J.)
| | - Frank Claessens
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
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An Overview of Next-Generation Androgen Receptor-Targeted Therapeutics in Development for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042124. [PMID: 33672769 PMCID: PMC7924596 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional endocrine therapy for prostate cancer (PCa) has been directed at suppression of the androgen receptor (AR) signaling axis since Huggins et al. discovered that diethylstilbestrol (DES; an estrogen) produced chemical castration and PCa tumor regression. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) still remains the first-line PCa therapy. Insufficiency of ADT over time leads to castration-resistant PCa (CRPC) in which the AR axis is still active, despite castrate levels of circulating androgens. Despite the approval and use of multiple generations of competitive AR antagonists (antiandrogens), antiandrogen resistance emerges rapidly in CRPC due to several mechanisms, mostly converging in the AR axis. Recent evidence from multiple groups have defined noncompetitive or noncanonical direct binding sites on AR that can be targeted to inhibit the AR axis. This review discusses new developments in the PCa treatment paradigm that includes the next-generation molecules to noncanonical sites, proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC), or noncanonical N-terminal domain (NTD)-binding of selective AR degraders (SARDs). A few lead compounds targeting each of these novel noncanonical sites or with SARD activity are discussed. Many of these ligands are still in preclinical development, and a few early clinical leads have emerged, but successful late-stage clinical data are still lacking. The breadth and diversity of targets provide hope that optimized noncanonical inhibitors and/or SARDs will be able to overcome antiandrogen-resistant CRPC.
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Iftikhar A, Islam M, Shepherd S, Jones S, Ellis I. Cancer and Stress: Does It Make a Difference to the Patient When These Two Challenges Collide? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020163. [PMID: 33418900 PMCID: PMC7825104 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Head and neck cancers are the sixth most common cancer in the world. The burden of the disease has remained challenging over recent years despite the advances in treatments of other malignancies. The very use of the word malignancy brings about a stress response in almost all adult patients. Being told you have a tumour is not a word anyone wants to hear. We have embarked on a study which will investigate the effect of stress pathways on head and neck cancer patients and which signalling pathways may be involved. In the future, this will allow clinicians to better manage patients with head and neck cancer and reduce the patients’ stress so that this does not add to their tumour burden. Abstract A single head and neck Cancer (HNC) is a globally growing challenge associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The diagnosis itself can affect the patients profoundly let alone the complex and disfiguring treatment. The highly important functions of structures of the head and neck such as mastication, speech, aesthetics, identity and social interactions make a cancer diagnosis in this region even more psychologically traumatic. The emotional distress engendered as a result of functional and social disruption is certain to negatively affect health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The key biological responses to stressful events are moderated through the combined action of two systems, the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA) which releases glucocorticoids and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) which releases catecholamines. In acute stress, these hormones help the body to regain homeostasis; however, in chronic stress their increased levels and activation of their receptors may aid in the progression of cancer. Despite ample evidence on the existence of stress in patients diagnosed with HNC, studies looking at the effect of stress on the progression of disease are scarce, compared to other cancers. This review summarises the challenges associated with HNC that make it stressful and describes how stress signalling aids in the progression of cancer. Growing evidence on the relationship between stress and HNC makes it paramount to focus future research towards a better understanding of stress and its effect on head and neck cancer.
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43
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Wang Y, Gao W, Li Y, Chow ST, Xie W, Zhang X, Zhou J, Chan FL. Interplay between orphan nuclear receptors and androgen receptor-dependent or-independent growth signalings in prostate cancer. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 78:100921. [PMID: 33121737 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2020.100921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It is well-established that both the initial and advanced growth of prostate cancer depends critically on androgens and thus on the activated androgen receptor (AR) -mediated signaling pathway. The unique hormone-dependent feature of prostate cancer forms the biological basis of hormone or androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) that aims to suppress the AR signaling by androgen depletion or AR antagonists. ADT still remains the mainstay treatment option for locally advanced or metastatic prostate cancer. However, most patients upon ADT will inevitably develop therapy-resistance and progress to relapse in the form of castration-resistant disease (castration-resistant prostate cancer or CRPC) or even a more aggressive androgen-independent subtype (therapy-related neuroendocrine prostate cancer or NEPC). Recent advances show that besides AR, some ligand-independent members of nuclear receptor superfamily-designated as orphan nuclear receptors (ONRs), as their endogenous physiological ligands are either absent or not yet identified to date, also play significant roles in the growth regulation of prostate cancer via multiple AR-dependent or -independent (AR-bypass) pathways or mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in the newly elucidated roles of ONRs in prostate cancer, with a focus on their interplay in the AR-dependent pathways (intratumoral androgen biosynthesis and suppression of AR signaling) and AR-independent pathways or cellular processes (hypoxia, oncogene- or tumor suppressor-induced senescence, apoptosis and regulation of prostate cancer stem cells). These ONRs with their newly characterized roles not only can serve as novel biomarkers but also as potential therapeutic targets for management of advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Weijie Gao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Youjia Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sin Ting Chow
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenjuan Xie
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xingxing Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianfu Zhou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510370, China
| | - Franky Leung Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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44
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Obinata D, Lawrence MG, Takayama K, Choo N, Risbridger GP, Takahashi S, Inoue S. Recent Discoveries in the Androgen Receptor Pathway in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:581515. [PMID: 33134178 PMCID: PMC7578370 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.581515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is the main therapeutic target in advanced prostate cancer, because it regulates the growth and progression of prostate cancer cells. Patients may undergo multiple lines of AR-directed treatments, including androgen-deprivation therapy, AR signaling inhibitors (abiraterone acetate, enzalutamide, apalutamide, or darolutamide), or combinations of these therapies. Yet, tumors inevitably develop resistance to the successive lines of treatment. The diverse mechanisms of resistance include reactivation of the AR and dysregulation of AR cofactors and collaborative transcription factors (TFs). Further elucidating the nexus between the AR and collaborative TFs may reveal new strategies targeting the AR directly or indirectly, such as targeting BET proteins or OCT1. However, appropriate preclinical models will be required to test the efficacy of these approaches. Fortunately, an increasing variety of patient-derived models, such as xenografts and organoids, are being developed for discovery-based research and preclinical drug screening. Here we review the mechanisms of drug resistance in the AR signaling pathway, the intersection with collaborative TFs, and the use of patient-derived models for novel drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Obinata
- Department of Urology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Mitchell G. Lawrence
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kenichi Takayama
- Department of Systems Aging Science and Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nicholas Choo
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Gail P. Risbridger
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Urology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Department of Systems Aging Science and Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
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Mravec B, Tibensky M, Horvathova L. Stress and cancer. Part I: Mechanisms mediating the effect of stressors on cancer. J Neuroimmunol 2020; 346:577311. [PMID: 32652365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Observations indicating a link between psychosocial stress and cancer can be traced back almost 2 millennia. However, the pathways and mechanisms interconnecting them has only been elucidated in more detail since the end of the 20th century. Importantly, recently accumulated evidences have confirmed the ability of stress to promote the induction and progression of cancer. The main aim of this review is to describe the pathways and mechanisms mediating the stimulatory effects of the neuroendocrine stress response on the induction of cancer, potentiation of cancer growth, and the development of metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Mravec
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia; Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Miroslav Tibensky
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lubica Horvathova
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Fereidouni M, Ferns GA, Bahrami A. Current status and perspectives regarding the association between allergic disorders and cancer. IUBMB Life 2020; 72:1322-1339. [PMID: 32458542 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
While activation of immune system may lead to a lower risk of some diseases, it has been shown that a history of atopic allergic disorders such as asthma, hay fever, eczema, and food allergies could be related to several types of cancer. However, the evidence is not entirely conclusive. Two proposals suggest a possible mechanism for the association between allergic disorders and cancers: immune surveillance and the antigenic stimulation. The association of allergy and cancer may vary by cancer site and the type of exposure. The aim of current review was to summarize the current knowledge of the association between allergic diseases and the risk of cancers with particular emphasis on case-controls and cohort studies to estimate the cancer risk associated with allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Fereidouni
- Department of Immunology, Medical school Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Afsane Bahrami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Ledet EM, Lilly MB, Sonpavde G, Lin E, Nussenzveig RH, Barata PC, Yandell M, Nagy RJ, Kiedrowski L, Agarwal N, Sartor O. Comprehensive Analysis of AR Alterations in Circulating Tumor DNA from Patients with Advanced Prostate Cancer. Oncologist 2020; 25:327-333. [PMID: 32297439 PMCID: PMC7160408 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2019-0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Somatic alterations in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) may be associated with treatment response or prognosis in prostate cancer (PCa). The goal was to characterize androgen receptor gene (AR) amplifications and mutations detected in ctDNA from patients with PCa and to further understand the somatic genetic heterogeneity of advanced prostate cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study included a heterogeneous group of 892 patients with advanced PCa (predominantly castrate-resistant prostate cancer) with AR alterations detected in ctDNA that underwent next-generation sequencing of 54 to 73 genes via Guardant360 testing (Guardant Health, Inc., Redwood City, CA). Distribution and summary of AR alterations detected, the association of AR alterations with other genes, and a pathway analysis are reported. RESULTS The median absolute plasma copy number of AR amplifications was 3.3 (range, 1.2-165.2). Many patients had multiple AR mutations; a total of 112 unique mutations were identified in AR, including L702H (25%), T878A (14%), H875Y (11%), W742C (8%), W742L (4%), F877L (2%), and T878S (2%). Other ctDNA gene alterations in the Guardant assays included TP53 (50%), MYC (34%), BRAF (32%), PIK3CA (29%), MET (25%), CDK6 (26%), EGFR (24%), FGFR1 (21%), and APC (12%). Many of these non-AR alterations are not tissue verified in other studies. AR amplification cosegregated with alterations in MYC (p < .001), BRAF (p < .001), PIK3CA (p < .001), MET (p < .001), CDK6 (p < .001), EGFR (p < .001), FGFR1 (p = .391), and more. Alterations in APC were significantly associated with mutations in AR (p < .001). CONCLUSION Several AR alterations and concomitant non-AR alterations that associate with drug resistance were detected. These findings provide additional insights into the heterogeneity of advanced prostate cancer. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The goal was to characterize androgen receptor gene (AR) amplifications and mutations detected in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from patients with prostate cancer in relation to non-AR gene alterations detected in the ctDNA landscape. The study included 892 patients with prostate cancer with AR alterations in ctDNA. AR alterations were significantly associated with other gene alterations detected in ctDNA. The common AR mutations found are linked to resistance to abiraterone, enzalutamide, or bicalutamide. Characterization of the circulating AR landscape and gene alterations provides potential additional insight into the somatic genetic heterogeneity of advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa M. Ledet
- Tulane Cancer CenterNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
- Tulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | | | | | - Edwin Lin
- School of Medicine, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | | | | | - Mark Yandell
- Department of Human Genetics, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | | | | | - Neeraj Agarwal
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Oliver Sartor
- Tulane Cancer CenterNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
- Tulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
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Chaturvedi AP, Dehm SM. Androgen Receptor Dependence. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1210:333-350. [PMID: 31900916 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-32656-2_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Androgens and the androgen receptor (AR) play crucial roles in the biology of normal and diseased prostate tissue, including prostate cancer (PCa). This dependence is evidenced by the use of androgen depletion therapy (ADT) as the primary treatment for locally advanced, metastatic, or relapsed PCa. This dependence is further evidenced by the various mechanisms employed by PCa cells to re-activate the AR to circumvent the growth-inhibitory effects of ADT. Re-activation of the AR during ADT is central to the disease evolving into the lethal castration resistant PCa (CRPC) phenotype, which is responsible for nearly all PCa mortality. Thus, understanding the regulation of AR and AR signaling is important for understanding the development and progression of PCa. This understanding provides the foundation for development of newer approaches for targeting CRPC therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott M Dehm
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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50
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Circulating cell-free DNA: Translating prostate cancer genomics into clinical care. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 72:100837. [PMID: 31954523 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.100837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Only in the past decade tremendous advances have been made in understanding prostate cancer genomics and consequently in applying new treatment strategies. As options regarding treatments are increasing so are the challenges in selecting the right treatment option for each patient and not the least, understanding the optimal time-point and sequence of applying available treatments. Critically, without reliable methods that enable sequential monitoring of evolving genotypes in individual patients, we will never reach effective personalised driven treatment approaches. This review focuses on the clinical implications of prostate cancer genomics and the potential of cfDNA in facilitating treatment management.
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