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Rizk SKA, Gaber A, Hamdy H, Labeeb A, Fouda E, Hosny A, El Derbaly SA. Concurrent genotyping and expression of NLRP3 inflammasome in pityriasis versicolor patient's skin lesions. Arch Dermatol Res 2024; 316:501. [PMID: 39093484 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-024-03221-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
The goal of this study is to investigate the impact of the rs35829419 SNP on the serum level of NLRP3, and to assess the relationship between NLRP3 and its SNP and vulnerability to Pityriasis versicolor. Pityriasis versicolor (PV) is one of the most frequent skin conditions linked to skin pigmentation changes. Malassezia plays a key role in the pathogenesis of PV. A case-control study, 50 patients with pityriasis versicolor and 44 healthy controls. Real-time PCR was used to genotype NLRP3 (rs35829419) and ELISA assay of NLRP3 levels in tissue samples. There was a significantly higher median NLPR3 levels in PV patients than controls. A significant predominance of A allele of Q 705 K was in patients than controls. The risk of having the disease in the presence of A allele is nearly 10 times than having C allele. In PV patients, there was a significant relationship between NLPR3 levels and Q 705 K genotypes with higher NLPR3 levels in AA genotype. A potential correlation between PV and the Q705K polymorphism, pointing to evidence of NLRP3 alteration in PV patients. The NLRP3 inflammasome may be an appropriate therapeutic target for Malassezia-associated skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Kamal AbdelMaksoud Rizk
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkom, Egypt.
| | - Azza Gaber
- Department of Dermatology, Andrology and STDs, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkom, Egypt
| | - Hadir Hamdy
- Dermatology and Andrology Department in Dekernes General Hospital, Dakahlia Governorate, el dakahleya, Egypt
| | - Azza Labeeb
- Microbiology and immunology Department, Faculty of medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkom, Egypt
| | - Eman Fouda
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkom, Egypt
| | - Ammar Hosny
- Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sara A El Derbaly
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkom, Egypt
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2
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Martinez Valenzuela L, Vidal-Alabró A, Rubio B, Antón-Pàmpols P, Gómez-Preciado F, Fulladosa X, Cruzado JM, Torras J, Lloberas N, Draibe J. Evaluating Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Inflammasome Proteins and Serum Levels of IL-18 and IL-1β in Kidney Interstitial Damage in Anti-Neutrophilic Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6479. [PMID: 38928186 PMCID: PMC11203640 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The inflammasome regulates the innate inflammatory response and is involved in autoimmune diseases. In this study, we explored the levels of IL-18 and IL-1β in serum and urine and the influence of various single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on kidney lesions at diagnosis in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) and their clinical outcomes. Ninety-two patients with renal AAV were recruited, and blood and urine were collected at diagnosis. Serum and urine cytokine levels were measured by ELISA. DNA was extracted and genotyped using TaqMan assays for SNPs in several inflammasome genes. Lower serum IL-18 (p = 0.049) and the IL-18 rs187238 G-carrier genotype (p = 0.042) were associated with severe fibrosis. The IL-18 rs1946518 TT genotype was associated with an increased risk of relapse (p = 0.05), whereas GG was related to better renal outcomes (p = 0.031). The rs187238 GG genotype was identified as a risk factor for mortality within the first year after AAV diagnosis, independent of the requirement for dialysis or lung involvement (p = 0.013). We suggest that decreased cytokine levels could be a surrogate marker of scarring and chronicity of the renal lesions, together with the rs187238 GG genotype. If our results are validated, the rs1946518 TT genotype predicts the risk of relapse and renal outcomes during follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Martinez Valenzuela
- Nephrology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Anna Vidal-Alabró
- Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, Bellvitge Campus, University of Barcelona, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Belén Rubio
- Nephrology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Paula Antón-Pàmpols
- Nephrology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | | | - Xavier Fulladosa
- Nephrology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, Bellvitge Campus, University of Barcelona, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Cruzado
- Nephrology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, Bellvitge Campus, University of Barcelona, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Juan Torras
- Nephrology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, Bellvitge Campus, University of Barcelona, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Nuria Lloberas
- Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, Bellvitge Campus, University of Barcelona, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Juliana Draibe
- Nephrology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
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3
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Sundaram B, Tweedell RE, Prasanth Kumar S, Kanneganti TD. The NLR family of innate immune and cell death sensors. Immunity 2024; 57:674-699. [PMID: 38599165 PMCID: PMC11112261 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors, also known as nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs), are a family of cytosolic pattern recognition receptors that detect a wide variety of pathogenic and sterile triggers. Activation of specific NLRs initiates pro- or anti-inflammatory signaling cascades and the formation of inflammasomes-multi-protein complexes that induce caspase-1 activation to drive inflammatory cytokine maturation and lytic cell death, pyroptosis. Certain NLRs and inflammasomes act as integral components of larger cell death complexes-PANoptosomes-driving another form of lytic cell death, PANoptosis. Here, we review the current understanding of the evolution, structure, and function of NLRs in health and disease. We discuss the concept of NLR networks and their roles in driving cell death and immunity. An improved mechanistic understanding of NLRs may provide therapeutic strategies applicable across infectious and inflammatory diseases and in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balamurugan Sundaram
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Rebecca E Tweedell
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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Lemus-Arteaga K, Ballona-Chambergo R, Córdova-Calderón W, Ventura-León A, Torrelo A, Velásquez-Valderrama F. NLRP1-associated autoinflammatory disease with epithelial dyskeratosis. Pediatr Dermatol 2024; 41:279-283. [PMID: 38044752 DOI: 10.1111/pde.15464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Several gain-of-function variants in NLRP1 cause a distinctive autoinflammatory disease reported under different names featuring mainly skin and mucosal involvement and variable systemic signs. Here, we report a new case of NLRP1-associated autoinflammatory disease in a 6-year-old Peruvian girl, who presented with confluent hyperkeratotic plaques that drained purulent material with subsequent scarring. A c.3641C > G (p. Pro1214Arg) variant that has been previously been reported was found in NLRP1 and was not present in either parent. The term NLRP1-associated autoinflammatory disease with epithelial dyskeratosis (NADED) is proposed to encompass all reported cases, which have received different nomenclature so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Lemus-Arteaga
- Pediatric dermatology, Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño-Breña, Lima, Peru
- Asociación de Médicos Residentes del Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño (AMERINSN), Lima, Peru
- Pediatric dermatology, Scientia Clinical and Epidemiological Research Institute, Trujillo, Peru
| | - Rosalía Ballona-Chambergo
- Pediatric dermatology, Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño-Breña, Lima, Peru
- Department of Pediatric Dermatology, Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño-Breña, Lima, Peru
| | - Wilmer Córdova-Calderón
- Pediatric dermatology, Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño-Breña, Lima, Peru
- Department of Asthma, Immunology and Allergology, Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño, Lima, Peru
| | - Alex Ventura-León
- Pediatric dermatology, Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Pathological Anatomy, Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia. San Martìn de Porres, Lima, Peru
| | - Antonio Torrelo
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
| | - Felipe Velásquez-Valderrama
- Pediatric dermatology, Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño-Breña, Lima, Peru
- Department of Pediatric Dermatology, Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño-Breña, Lima, Peru
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5
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Chou WC, Jha S, Linhoff MW, Ting JPY. The NLR gene family: from discovery to present day. Nat Rev Immunol 2023; 23:635-654. [PMID: 36973360 PMCID: PMC11171412 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00849-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian NLR gene family was first reported over 20 years ago, although several genes that were later grouped into the family were already known at that time. Although it is widely known that NLRs include inflammasome receptors and/or sensors that promote the maturation of caspase 1, IL-1β, IL-18 and gasdermin D to drive inflammation and cell death, the other functions of NLR family members are less well appreciated by the scientific community. Examples include MHC class II transactivator (CIITA), a master transcriptional activator of MHC class II genes, which was the first mammalian NBD-LRR-containing protein to be identified, and NLRC5, which regulates the expression of MHC class I genes. Other NLRs govern key inflammatory signalling pathways or interferon responses, and several NLR family members serve as negative regulators of innate immune responses. Multiple NLRs regulate the balance of cell death, cell survival, autophagy, mitophagy and even cellular metabolism. Perhaps the least discussed group of NLRs are those with functions in the mammalian reproductive system. The focus of this Review is to provide a synopsis of the NLR family, including both the intensively studied and the underappreciated members. We focus on the function, structure and disease relevance of NLRs and highlight issues that have received less attention in the NLR field. We hope this may serve as an impetus for future research on the conventional and non-conventional roles of NLRs within and beyond the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chun Chou
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sushmita Jha
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, India
| | - Michael W Linhoff
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Jenny P-Y Ting
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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6
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Öztürk KHM, Ünal GNÖ. Novel splice‑site variants c.393G>A, c.278_2A>G in exon 2 and Q705K variant in exon 3 of NLRP3 gene are associated with bipolar I disorder. Mol Med Rep 2022; 26:293. [PMID: 35920179 PMCID: PMC9366148 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
NOD‑like receptor pyrin domain‑containing 3 (NLRP3) has been considered to play a crucial role in triggering the host's immune and inflammatory responses. Genetic variants are critical determinants of interindividual variances in inflammatory responses and clinical outcomes. The role of NLRP3 gene variations in bipolar I (BPI) disorder, which is known to include genetic factors in its aetiology, has not been previously reported, at least to the best of our knowledge. The present study aimed to determine the role and frequency ofta exon 2 and exon 3 variants of NLRP3 in BPI disorder and to evaluate the association between different phenotypic traits. A case‑control study with 123 patients and 107 healthy controls was conducted to investigate the association of variants identified in the exon 2 and exon 3 regions of NLRP3, with the risk of BPI. Regions of interest were sequenced using a PCR‑based Sanger sequencing method. Three BPI‑related variants were identified. The genotype Q705K CA was detected more frequently in BPI patients, as compared to the control group [P<0.001; odds ratio (OR), 0.202; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.080‑0.508]. In addition, two novel splice‑site variants (c.393G>A and c.278_2A>G) that, to the best of our knowledge, have not been previously reported in any database, were detected only in the BPI patient group [P<0.001; OR, 0.846; 95% CI, 0.784‑0.912; P<0.001; OR, 0.886; 95% CI, 0.832‑0.944, respectively]. There was no significant association between the Q795K variant and phenotypic traits (P>0.05). However, there was a significant association between those carrying the heterozygous c.393G>A variant and a positive family history (P=0.043). It was also observed that those with the heterozygous c.278‑2A>G variant presented with a significantly early‑onset (P=0.003). On the whole, the data of the present study suggested that NLRP3 plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of BPI and may be a potential risk factor. However, further functional studies and repeated studies in other populations are required to properly comprehend the roles of the NLRP3 variants in the risk of developing BPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuyaş Heki Mler Öztürk
- Departments of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta 32260, Turkey
| | - Güli N Özdamar Ünal
- Departments of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta 32260, Turkey
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Anton-Pampols P, Diaz-Requena C, Martinez-Valenzuela L, Gomez-Preciado F, Fulladosa X, Vidal-Alabro A, Torras J, Lloberas N, Draibe J. The Role of Inflammasomes in Glomerulonephritis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084208. [PMID: 35457026 PMCID: PMC9029880 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflammasome is an immune multiprotein complex that activates pro-caspase 1 in response to inflammation-inducing stimuli and it leads to IL-1β and IL-18 proinflammatory cytokine production. NLRP1 and NLRP3 inflammasomes are the best characterized and they have been related to several autoimmune diseases. It is well known that the kidney expresses inflammasome genes, which can influence the development of some glomerulonephritis, such as lupus nephritis, ANCA glomerulonephritis, IgA nephropathy and anti-GBM nephropathy. Polymorphisms of these genes have also been described to play a role in autoimmune and kidney diseases. In this review, we describe the main characteristics, activation mechanisms, regulation and functions of the different inflammasomes. Moreover, we discuss the latest findings about the role of the inflammasome in several glomerulonephritis from three different points of view: in vitro, animal and human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Anton-Pampols
- Nephrology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (P.A.-P.); (L.M.-V.); (F.G.-P.); (X.F.); (J.D.)
- IDIBELL Biomedical Research Institute, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (C.D.-R.); (A.V.-A.); (N.L.)
| | - Clara Diaz-Requena
- IDIBELL Biomedical Research Institute, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (C.D.-R.); (A.V.-A.); (N.L.)
| | - Laura Martinez-Valenzuela
- Nephrology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (P.A.-P.); (L.M.-V.); (F.G.-P.); (X.F.); (J.D.)
- IDIBELL Biomedical Research Institute, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (C.D.-R.); (A.V.-A.); (N.L.)
| | - Francisco Gomez-Preciado
- Nephrology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (P.A.-P.); (L.M.-V.); (F.G.-P.); (X.F.); (J.D.)
| | - Xavier Fulladosa
- Nephrology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (P.A.-P.); (L.M.-V.); (F.G.-P.); (X.F.); (J.D.)
- IDIBELL Biomedical Research Institute, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (C.D.-R.); (A.V.-A.); (N.L.)
- Clinical Sciences Department, Campus de Bellvitge, Barcelona University, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Vidal-Alabro
- IDIBELL Biomedical Research Institute, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (C.D.-R.); (A.V.-A.); (N.L.)
| | - Joan Torras
- Nephrology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (P.A.-P.); (L.M.-V.); (F.G.-P.); (X.F.); (J.D.)
- IDIBELL Biomedical Research Institute, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (C.D.-R.); (A.V.-A.); (N.L.)
- Clinical Sciences Department, Campus de Bellvitge, Barcelona University, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Núria Lloberas
- IDIBELL Biomedical Research Institute, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (C.D.-R.); (A.V.-A.); (N.L.)
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Campus de Bellvitge, Barcelona University, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juliana Draibe
- Nephrology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (P.A.-P.); (L.M.-V.); (F.G.-P.); (X.F.); (J.D.)
- IDIBELL Biomedical Research Institute, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (C.D.-R.); (A.V.-A.); (N.L.)
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Akhlaghi M, Karrabi M, Atabti H, Raoofi A, Mousavi Khaneghah A. Investigation of the role of IL18, IL-1β and NLRP3 inflammasome in reducing expression of FLG-2 protein in Psoriasis vulgaris skin lesions. Biotech Histochem 2021; 97:277-283. [PMID: 34313166 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2021.1954692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of the NACHT leucine-rich repeat- and PYD-containing proteins (NLRP3) inflammasome, interleukin -18 (IL-18) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) cytokines on the expression of filaggrin-2 (FLG-2) protein in psoriasis patients. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), including T cells, were isolated from psoriasis patients and healthy donors. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) extraction and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were performed for all specimens. Immunohistochemical analysis for FLG-2 in normal and psoriatic epidermal tissue also was performed. Western blot was used to separate and identify FLG-2 protein, and immunohistochemical staining was performed to assess FLG-2 expression for psoriasis skin lesions and normal skin. RT-PCR analysis indicated that NLRP3 inflammasome, IL-18 cytokine and IL-1β cytokine expression were increased in psoriatic epidermis compared to normal skin. We found that the expression of FLG-2 was decreased in psoriatic epidermis compared to normal skin. Higher levels of NLRP3 help decrease the FLG-2 level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Akhlaghi
- Student Research Committee, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Maryam Karrabi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Hadi Atabti
- Department of Immunology and Biology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Raoofi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.,Department of Anatomy, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
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Wu Z, Wu S, Liang T. Association of NLRP3 rs35829419 and rs10754558 Polymorphisms With Risks of Autoimmune Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Genet 2021; 12:690860. [PMID: 34367252 PMCID: PMC8340881 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.690860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The existing knowledge about the association between NLRP3 rs35829419/rs10754558 polymorphisms and susceptibility to autoimmune diseases (AIDs) remains controversial. Herein, a meta-analysis was performed to evaluate such association. We searched databases for relevant studies published in English up to February 2021. Stata14 was used to assess the odds ratio (OR). As for NLRP3 rs35829419, no significant association to overall AIDs was found in three genetic models [A vs. C: OR (95%CI) = 0.89 (0.69-1.14); AC vs. CC: 1.00 (0.77-1.30); AA/AC vs. CC: 0.93 (0.71-1.20)]. However, subgroup analysis by disease type showed that NLRP3 rs35829419 A allele may have a significant protective effect on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) susceptibility [A vs. C: 0.74 (0.57-0.96)]. NLRP3 rs10754558 polymorphism contributes to significantly reduce the risk of AIDs in the allelic model [G vs. C: 0.78 (0.71-0.87)], homozygote co-dominant model [GG vs. CC: 0.63 (0.51-0.77)], heterozygote co-dominant model [GC vs. CC: 0.78 (0.66-0.91)], dominant model [GG/GC vs. CC: 0.73 (0.63-0.84)], and recessive model [GG vs. GC/CC: 0.73 (0.62-0.88)]. In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, association was observed between the NLRP3 rs10754558 G allele and AIDs in Latin Americans, but not in European, Arabian, or Asian populations. Stratification by disease type showed a significant association of the NLRP3 rs10754558 G allele with type 1 diabetes (T1D), RA, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but not with celiac disease (CD), multiple sclerosis (MS), or myasthenia gravis (MG). This meta-analysis suggests that the NLRP3 rs10754558, but not rs35829419, polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to AIDs, especially in Latin American individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubo Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Suyuan Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Programmed Cell Death in the Small Intestine: Implications for the Pathogenesis of Celiac Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147426. [PMID: 34299046 PMCID: PMC8306608 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The small intestine has a high rate of cell turnover under homeostatic conditions, and this increases further in response to infection or damage. Epithelial cells mostly die by apoptosis, but recent studies indicate that this may also involve pro-inflammatory pathways of programmed cell death, such as pyroptosis and necroptosis. Celiac disease (CD), the most prevalent immune-based enteropathy, is caused by loss of oral tolerance to peptides derived from wheat, rye, and barley in genetically predisposed individuals. Although cytotoxic cells and gluten-specific CD4+ Th1 cells are the central players in the pathology, inflammatory pathways induced by cell death may participate in driving and sustaining the disease through the release of alarmins. In this review, we summarize the recent literature addressing the role of programmed cell death pathways in the small intestine, describing how these mechanisms may contribute to CD and discussing their potential implications.
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Pearson JA, Wong FS, Wen L. Inflammasomes and Type 1 Diabetes. Front Immunol 2021; 12:686956. [PMID: 34177937 PMCID: PMC8219953 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.686956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbiota have been identified as an important modulator of susceptibility in the development of Type 1 diabetes in both animal models and humans. Collectively these studies highlight the association of the microbiota composition with genetic risk, islet autoantibody development and modulation of the immune responses. However, the signaling pathways involved in mediating these changes are less well investigated, particularly in humans. Importantly, understanding the activation of signaling pathways in response to microbial stimulation is vital to enable further development of immunotherapeutics, which may enable enhanced tolerance to the microbiota or prevent the initiation of the autoimmune process. One such signaling pathway that has been poorly studied in the context of Type 1 diabetes is the role of the inflammasomes, which are multiprotein complexes that can initiate immune responses following detection of their microbial ligands. In this review, we discuss the roles of the inflammasomes in modulating Type 1 diabetes susceptibility, from genetic associations to the priming and activation of the inflammasomes. In addition, we also summarize the available inhibitors for therapeutically targeting the inflammasomes, which may be of future use in Type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Alexander Pearson
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - F Susan Wong
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Li Wen
- Section of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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12
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Zhou Y, Yan S, Liu N, He N, Zhang A, Meng S, Ji C, Ma D, Ye J. Genetic polymorphisms and expression of NLRP3 inflammasome-related genes are associated with Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms. Hum Immunol 2020; 81:606-613. [PMID: 32981742 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation plays a crucial role in the initiation, progression and prognosis of Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), which could be clinically subdivided into polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). Nucleotide binding domain (NOD)-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes affect inflammatory diseases and carcinomas by excessive production of cytokines. To investigate a possible association of NLRP3 inflammasome signaling with MPN, we investigated the expression of selected inflammasome-related genes from bone marrow cells of 67 MPN patients as well as gene polymorphisms in NLRP3 (rs35829419), NF-κB1 (rs28362491), CARD8 (rs2043211), IL-1β (rs16944), and IL-18 (rs1946518). It showed that inflammasome-related genes (NLRP3, NF-κB1, CARD8, IL-1β, and IL-18) were highly expressed in BM cells from MPN patients and the increased expression was associated with JAK2V617F mutation, white blood cell counts and splenomegaly. Analysis of genetic polymorphisms in 269 MPN patients and 291 healthy controls demonstrated that NF-κB1 (rs28362491) was associated with MPN and increased expression of NF-κB1, NLRP3 and IL-1β. This research provided novel biomarkers and potential targets for MPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Shuxin Yan
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Na He
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Amin Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Sibo Meng
- Department of Chemotherapy, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao District), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 758 Hefei Road, Qingdao, Shandong, PR China
| | - Chunyan Ji
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Daoxin Ma
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jingjing Ye
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
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13
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Liwinski T, Zheng D, Elinav E. The microbiome and cytosolic innate immune receptors. Immunol Rev 2020; 297:207-224. [PMID: 32658330 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of innate immune sensors (pattern recognition receptors, PRRs) has profoundly transformed the notion of innate immunity, in providing a mechanistic basis for host immune interactions with a wealth of environmental signals, leading to a variety of immune-mediated outcomes including instruction and activation of the adaptive immune arm. As part of this growing understanding of host-environmental cross talk, an intimate connection has been unveiled between innate immune sensors and signals perceived from the commensal microbiota, which may be regarded as a hub integrating a variety of environmental cues. Among cytosolic PRRs impacting on host homeostasis by interacting with the commensal microbiota are nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat-containing protein receptors (NLRs), together with a number of cytosolic DNA sensors and the family of absent in melanoma (AIM)-like receptors (ALRs). NLR sensors have been a particular focus of research, and some NLRs have emerged as key orchestrators of inflammatory responses and host homeostasis. Some NLRs achieve this through the formation of cytoplasmic multiprotein complexes termed inflammasomes. More recently discovered PRRs include retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs), cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), and STING. In the present review, they summarize recent advancements in knowledge on structure and function of cytosolic PRRs and their roles in host-microbiota cross talk and immune surveillance. In addition, we discuss their relevance for human health and disease and future therapeutic applications involving modulation of their activation and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timur Liwinski
- Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.,1st Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Danping Zheng
- Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.,Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Eran Elinav
- Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.,Cancer-Microbiome Division Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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14
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Taabazuing CY, Griswold AR, Bachovchin DA. The NLRP1 and CARD8 inflammasomes. Immunol Rev 2020; 297:13-25. [PMID: 32558991 PMCID: PMC7483925 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that activate inflammatory cytokines and induce pyroptosis in response to intracellular danger-associated signals. NLRP1 and CARD8 are related germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors that form inflammasomes, but their activation mechanisms and biological purposes have not yet been fully established. Both NLRP1 and CARD8 undergo post-translational autoproteolysis to generate two non-covalently associated polypeptide chains. NLRP1 and CARD8 activators induce the proteasome-mediated destruction of the N-terminal fragment, liberating the C-terminal fragment to form an inflammasome. Here, we review the danger-associated stimuli that have been reported to activate NLRP1 and/or CARD8, including anthrax lethal toxin, Toxoplasma gondii, Shigella flexneri and the small molecule DPP8/9 inhibitor Val-boroPro, focusing on recent mechanistic insights and highlighting unresolved questions. In addition, we discuss the recently identified disease-associated mutations in NLRP1 and CARD8, the potential role that DPP9's protein structure plays in inflammasome regulation, and the emerging link between NLRP1 and metabolism. Finally, we summarize all of this latest research and consider the possible biological purposes of these enigmatic inflammasomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew R Griswold
- Weill Cornell, Rockefeller, Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY, USA.,Pharmacology Program of the Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel A Bachovchin
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Pharmacology Program of the Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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15
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Tupik JD, Nagai-Singer MA, Allen IC. To protect or adversely affect? The dichotomous role of the NLRP1 inflammasome in human disease. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 76:100858. [PMID: 32359693 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2020.100858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
NLRP1 is an inflammasome forming pattern recognition receptor (PRR). When activated by pathogen- and damage- associated molecular patterns (PAMPS/DAMPS), NLRP1 inflammasome formation leads to inflammation through the production of proinflammatory cytokines IL-18 and IL-1β. As with other inflammasome forming NLR family members, NLRP1 also regulates cell death processes, termed pyroptosis. The domain structure of NLRP1 differs between mice and humans, making it possible for the function of the inflammasome to differ between species and adds complexity to the study of this NLR family member. In humans, mutations in both coding and non-coding regions of the NLRP1 gene are linked to a variety of diseases. Likewise, interruption of NLRP1 inhibitors or changes in the prevalence of NLRP1 activators can also impact disease pathobiology. Adding to its complexity, the NLRP1 inflammasome plays a dichotomous role in human diseases, functioning to either attenuate or augment miscellaneous biological processes in a tissue specific manner. For example, NLRP1 plays a protective role in the gastrointestinal tract by modulating the microbiome composition; however, it augments neurological disorders, cardio-pulmonary diseases, and cancer through promoting inflammation. Thus, it is critical that the role of NLRP1 in each of these disease processes be robustly defined. In this review, we summarize the current research landscape to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms associated with NLRP1 function and dysfunction in human disease pathobiology. We propose that a better understanding of these mechanisms will ultimately result in improved insight into immune system dysfunction and therapeutic strategies targeting inflammasome function in multiple human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juselyn D Tupik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Margaret A Nagai-Singer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Irving C Allen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA; Department of Basic Science Education, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, USA.
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16
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Peng Y, Chen J, Dai Y, Jiang Y, Qiu W, Gu Y, Wang H. NLRP3 level in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: Increased levels and association with disease severity. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2020; 39:101888. [PMID: 31869599 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2019.101888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and MS are the most common autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the CNS. However, the mechanisms of pathogenesis are still unclear. nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), an important protein of the innate immune system that is activated by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), has been reported to be associated with various autoimmune disorders. OBJECTIVE To assess the levels of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) NLRP3, mtDNA and inflammation-associated cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-17) in patients with NMOSD and MS, and to examine the correlations between these factors. METHODS 28 NMOSD patients, 15 MS patients, and 16 controls with non-inflammatory neurological diseases were recruited. NLRP3 inflammasome, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-17 were measured by ELISA. CSF extracellular mtDNA was measured by qPCR. The severity of clinical presentation was evaluated by EDSS score. RESULTS CSF levels of NLRP3, mtDNA, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-17 were higher in NMOSD patients than in controls. Elevated CSF NLRP3, mtDNA and IL-6 were found in MS patients compared with controls. CSF NLRP3 and IL-6 levels were significantly higher in NMOSD patients than in MS patients. The EDSS scores of NMOSD patients during relapse were positively correlated with CSF NLRP3 and mtDNA. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that CSF levels of the NLRP3 inflammasome may serve as a diagnostic biomarker for distinguishing NMOSD and MS. Pyroptosis mediated by the NLRP3 inflammasome following mitochondrial damage may play an important role in the pathogenesis of these neuroinflammatory disorders, especially NMOSD.
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17
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da Cruz HLA, Cavalcanti CAJ, de Azêvedo Silva J, de Lima CAD, Fragoso TS, Barbosa AD, Dantas AT, de Ataíde Mariz H, Duarte ALBP, Pontillo A, Crovella S, Sandrin-Garcia P. Differential expression of the inflammasome complex genes in systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunogenetics 2020; 72:217-224. [PMID: 32020248 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-020-01158-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disorder involving heterogeneous clinical manifestations and numerous susceptibility genes. Several findings evidence the critical role of inflammasomes in the predisposition to autoimmune diseases and in SLE. We investigated whether inflammasome polymorphins could affect susceptibility to develop and/or severity SLE. Moreover, differences in inflammasome activation in peripheral blood were also evaluated in SLE patients and controls. The distribution of 13 SNPs in eight inflammasome genes was evaluated. To assess inflammasome priming in peripheral blood monocytes of SLE and controls, differential expression of selected inflammasome genes and IL-1ß production was analyzed in resting condition as well as after LPS and ATP stimulation. Results showed that the gain-of-function variant rs10754558 (NLRP3) was significantly more frequent in SLE patients with nephritis, reinforcing the concept of a key role of NLRP3 inflammasome not only in SLE but also especially in kidney disease. SLE monocytes in resting condition showed a higher level of IL-1ß expression and produced higher levels of IL-1ß when stimulated with LPS+ATP comparing to controls. The stimulation induced a significant expression of NLRP1, AIM2, CASP1, and IL1B genes, suggesting that the NLRP1 inflammasome is responsible for the IL-1ß production observed in monocytes. These data emphasized once more the important contribution of inflammasome in SLE-associated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Catarina Addobbati Jordão Cavalcanti
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.,Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | - Thiago Sotero Fragoso
- Rheumatology Service, "Clinical Hospital", Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | | | - Andréa Tavares Dantas
- Rheumatology Division, "Clinical Hospital", Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Henrique de Ataíde Mariz
- Rheumatology Division, "Clinical Hospital", Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Alessandra Pontillo
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio Crovella
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.,Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Paula Sandrin-Garcia
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. .,Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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18
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Schnappauf O, Chae JJ, Kastner DL, Aksentijevich I. The Pyrin Inflammasome in Health and Disease. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1745. [PMID: 31456795 PMCID: PMC6698799 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The pyrin inflammasome has evolved as an innate immune sensor to detect bacterial toxin-induced Rho guanosine triphosphatase (Rho GTPase)-inactivation, a process that is similar to the “guard” mechanism in plants. Rho GTPases act as molecular switches to regulate a variety of signal transduction pathways including cytoskeletal organization. Pathogens can modulate Rho GTPase activity to suppress host immune responses such as phagocytosis. Pyrin is encoded by MEFV, the gene that is mutated in patients with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF). FMF is the prototypic autoinflammatory disease characterized by recurring short episodes of systemic inflammation and is a common disorder in many populations in the Mediterranean basin. Pyrin specifically senses modifications in the activity of the small GTPase RhoA, which binds to many effector proteins including the serine/threonine-protein kinases PKN1 and PKN2 and actin-binding proteins. RhoA activation leads to PKN-mediated phosphorylation-dependent pyrin inhibition. Conversely, pathogen virulence factors downregulate RhoA activity in a variety of ways, and these changes are detected by the pyrin inflammasome irrespective of the type of modifications. MEFV pathogenic variants favor the active state of pyrin and elicit proinflammatory cytokine release and pyroptosis. They can be inherited either as a dominant or recessive trait depending on the variant's location and effect on the protein function. Mutations in the C-terminal B30.2 domain are usually considered recessive, although heterozygotes may manifest a biochemical or even a clinical phenotype. These variants are hypomorphic in regard to their effect on intramolecular interactions, but ultimately accentuate pyrin activity. Heterozygous mutations in other domains of pyrin affect residues critical for inhibition or protein oligomerization, and lead to constitutively active inflammasome. In healthy carriers of FMF mutations who have the subclinical inflammatory phenotype, the increased activity of pyrin might have been protective against endemic infections over human history. This finding is supported by the observation of high carrier frequencies of FMF-mutations in multiple populations. The pyrin inflammasome also plays a role in mediating inflammation in other autoinflammatory diseases linked to dysregulation in the actin polymerization pathway. Therefore, the assembly of the pyrin inflammasome is initiated in response to fluctuations in cytoplasmic homeostasis and perturbations in cytoskeletal dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Schnappauf
- Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jae Jin Chae
- Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Daniel L Kastner
- Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ivona Aksentijevich
- Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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19
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Bolívar BE, Vogel TP, Bouchier-Hayes L. Inflammatory caspase regulation: maintaining balance between inflammation and cell death in health and disease. FEBS J 2019; 286:2628-2644. [PMID: 31090171 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Members of the mammalian inflammatory caspase family, including caspase-1, caspase-4, caspase-5, caspase-11, and caspase-12, are key regulators of the innate immune response. Most studies to date have focused on the role of caspase-1 in the maturation of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β and its upstream regulation by the inflammasome signaling complexes. However, an emerging body of research has supported a role for caspase-4, caspase-5, and caspase-11 in both regulating caspase-1 activation and inducing the inflammatory form of cell death called pyroptosis. This inflammatory caspase pathway appears essential for the regulation of cytokine processing. Consequently, insight into this noncanonical pathway may reveal important and, to date, understudied targets for the treatment of autoinflammatory disorders where the inflammasome pathway is dysregulated. Here, we will discuss the mechanisms of inflammasome and inflammatory caspase activation and how these pathways intersect to promote pathogen clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz E Bolívar
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,William T. Shearer Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tiphanie P Vogel
- William T. Shearer Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.,Division of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lisa Bouchier-Hayes
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,William T. Shearer Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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20
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Smigoc Schweiger D, Goricar K, Hovnik T, Mendez A, Bratina N, Brecelj J, Vidan-Jeras B, Battelino T, Dolzan V. Dual Role of PTPN22 but Not NLRP3 Inflammasome Polymorphisms in Type 1 Diabetes and Celiac Disease in Children. Front Pediatr 2019; 7:63. [PMID: 30915320 PMCID: PMC6422865 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2019.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic polymorphisms in genes coding for inflammasome components nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain leucine rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) and caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 8 (CARD8) have been associated with autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases. On the other hand several studies suggested that NLRP3 inflammasome contributes to maintenance of gastrointestinal immune homeostasis and that activation of NLRP3 is regulated by protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor 22 (PTPN22). PTPN22 polymorphism was implicated in the risk for various autoimmune diseases including type 1 diabetes (T1D) but not for celiac disease (CD). The aim of our study was to evaluate the role of inflammasome related polymorphisms in subjects with either T1D or CD as well as in subjects affected by both diseases. We examined PTPN22 rs2476601 (p.Arg620Trp), NLRP3 rs35829419 (p.Gln705Lys), and CARD8 rs2043211 (p.Cys10Ter) in 66 subjects with coexisting T1D and CD, 65 subjects with T1D who did not develop CD, 67 subjects diagnosed only with CD and 127 healthy unrelated Slovenian individuals. All results were adjusted for clinical characteristic and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) risk. PTPN22 rs2476601 allele was significantly more frequent among subjects with T1D (Padj = 0.001) and less frequent in subjects with CD (Padj = 0.039) when compared to controls. In patients with coexisting T1D and CD this variant was significantly less frequent compared to T1D group (Padj = 0.010). Protective effect on CD development in individuals with T1D was observed only within the low risk HLA group. On the other hand, we found no association of NLRP3 rs35829419 and CARD8 rs2043211 with the development of T1D, CD or both diseases together. In conclusion PTPN22 rs2476601polymorphism was significantly associated with the risk of developing T1D in Slovenian population, while no associations of proinflammatory NLRP3 and CARD8 polymorphisms with T1D and CD were observed. Interestingly, the same PTPN22 variant protected from CD. We hypothesize that this effect may be mediated through the NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darja Smigoc Schweiger
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katja Goricar
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tinka Hovnik
- Unit of Special Laboratory Diagnostics, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andrijana Mendez
- Tissue Typing Centre, Blood Transfusion Center of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Natasa Bratina
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Brecelj
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Blanka Vidan-Jeras
- Tissue Typing Centre, Blood Transfusion Center of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tadej Battelino
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vita Dolzan
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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21
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NLRP1 restricts butyrate producing commensals to exacerbate inflammatory bowel disease. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3728. [PMID: 30214011 PMCID: PMC6137172 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06125-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-microbial signaling pathways are normally triggered by innate immune receptors when detecting pathogenic microbes to provide protective immunity. Here we show that the inflammasome sensor Nlrp1 aggravates DSS-induced experimental mouse colitis by limiting beneficial, butyrate-producing Clostridiales in the gut. The colitis-protective effects of Nlrp1 deficiency are thus reversed by vancomycin treatment, but recapitulated with butyrate supplementation in wild-type mice. Moreover, an activating mutation in Nlrp1a increases IL-18 and IFNγ production, and decreases colonic butyrate to exacerbate colitis. We also show that, in patients with ulcerative colitis, increased NLRP1 in inflamed regions of the colon is associated with increased IFN-γ. In this context, NLRP1, IL-18 or IFN-γ expression negatively correlates with the abundance of Clostridiales in human rectal mucosal biopsies. Our data identify the NLRP1 inflammasome to be a key negative regulator of protective, butyrate-producing commensals, which therefore promotes inflammatory bowel disease.
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22
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Cordero MD, Alcocer-Gómez E, Ryffel B. Gain of function mutation and inflammasome driven diseases in human and mouse models. J Autoimmun 2018; 91:13-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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23
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Hanaei S, Sadr M, Rezaei A, Shahkarami S, Ebrahimi Daryani N, Bidoki AZ, Rezaei N. Association of NLRP3 single nucleotide polymorphisms with ulcerative colitis: A case-control study. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2018; 42:269-275. [PMID: 29102545 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis (UC) is inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), characterized by chronic inflammation episodes within mucosal layer of the intestine mostly affecting colon and rectum. As the role of innate immunity in pathogenesis of disease and important role of NLRP3, the aim of this study is to investigate the association of NLRP3 SNPs with UC in Iranian patients. METHODS Blood samples from 45 UC patients and 56 healthy subjects were tested for single nucleotide polymorphisms in rs10754558, rs3806265, rs4612666, and rs35829419 of NLRP3 gene, using real-time PCR method. RESULTS Among the investigated SNPs, "GG" genotype of rs10754558 have been 2.48 times more common among UC patients (P=0.04), while "CG" genotype has indicated protective effect against UC, as more frequently found in healthy subjects. CONCLUSION Despite no significant association between three investigated SNPs and disease, "GG" and "CG" genotypes of rs10754558 have been significantly associated with disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hanaei
- Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Sadr
- Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Shahkarami
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Medical Genetics Network (MeGeNe), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - N Ebrahimi Daryani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Z Bidoki
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Canberra, Australia
| | - N Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Sheffield, UK.
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Slezakova S, Borilova Linhartova P, Masopustova L, Bartova J, Petanova J, Kuklinek P, Fassmann A, Dusek L, Izakovicova Holla L. Association of the NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3
) gene variability with recurrent aphthous stomatitis in the Czech population. J Oral Pathol Med 2018; 47:434-439. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Slezakova
- Department of Pathophysiology; Faculty of Medicine; Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
- Clinic of Stomatology; Institution Shared with St. Anne's Faculty Hospital and Faculty of Medicine; Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Petra Borilova Linhartova
- Department of Pathophysiology; Faculty of Medicine; Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
- Clinic of Stomatology; Institution Shared with St. Anne's Faculty Hospital and Faculty of Medicine; Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
| | | | - Jirina Bartova
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Dental Medicine; General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine; Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Petanova
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology; General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine; Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kuklinek
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology; Institution Shared with St. Anne's Faculty Hospital and Faculty of Medicine; Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Antonin Fassmann
- Department of Pathophysiology; Faculty of Medicine; Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Dusek
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses; Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Lydie Izakovicova Holla
- Department of Pathophysiology; Faculty of Medicine; Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
- Clinic of Stomatology; Institution Shared with St. Anne's Faculty Hospital and Faculty of Medicine; Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
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da Silva WC, Reis EC, Oshiro TM, Pontillo A. Genetics of Inflammasomes. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2018; 108:321-341. [PMID: 30536178 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-89390-7_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in inflammasome genes are responsible for rare monogenic and polygenic autoinflammatory diseases. On the other side, genetic polymorphisms in the same molecules contribute to the development of common multifactorial diseases (i.e., autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular pathologies, cancer). In this chapter we depicted the current knowledge about inflammasome genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanessa Cardoso da Silva
- Laboratório de Investigação em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
- Avenida Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470 - Instituto de Medicina Tropical (IMT) Prédio 2 - 3° andar, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
| | - Edione C Reis
- Laboratório de Imunogenética, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1730 - 05508-000 Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Telma M Oshiro
- Laboratório de Investigação em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Avenida Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470 - Instituto de Medicina Tropical (IMT) Prédio 2 - 3° andar, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Alessandra Pontillo
- Laboratório de Imunogenética, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1730 - 05508-000 Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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26
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Ringel-Scaia VM, McDaniel DK, Allen IC. The Goldilocks Conundrum: NLR Inflammasome Modulation of Gastrointestinal Inflammation during Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Crit Rev Immunol 2017; 36:283-314. [PMID: 28322135 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2017019158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances have revealed significant insight into inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathobiology. Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, the chronic relapsing clinical manifestations of IBD, are complex disorders with genetic and environmental influences. These diseases are associated with the dysregulation of immune tolerance, excessive inflammation, and damage to the epithelial cell barrier. Increasing evidence indicates that pattern recognition receptors, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat-containing proteins (NLRs), function to maintain immune system homeostasis, modulate the gastrointestinal microbiome, and promote proper intestinal epithelial cell regeneration and repair. New insights have revealed that NLR family members are essential components in maintaining this immune system homeostasis. To date, the vast majority of studies associated with NLRs have focused on family members that form a multiprotein signaling platform called the inflammasome. These signaling complexes are responsible for the cleavage and activation of the potent pleotropic cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, and they facilitate a unique form of cell death defined as pyroptosis. In this review, we summarize the current paradigms associated with NLR inflammasome maintenance of immune system homeostasis in the gastrointestinal system. New concepts related to canonical and noncanonical inflammasome signaling, as well as the implications of classical and alternative inflammasomes in IBD pathogenesis, are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica M Ringel-Scaia
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Dylan K McDaniel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Irving C Allen
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
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Crovella S, Moura RR, Cappellani S, Celsi F, Trevisan E, Schneider M, Brollo A, Nicastro EM, Vita F, Finotto L, Zabucchi G, Borelli V. A genetic variant of NLRP1 gene is associated with asbestos body burden in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2017; 81:98-105. [PMID: 29265930 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2017.1416911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The presence of asbestos bodies (ABs) in lung parenchyma is considered a histopathologic hallmark of past exposure to asbestos fibers, of which there was a population of longer fibers. The mechanisms underlying AB formation are complex, involving inflammatory responses and iron (Fe) metabolism. Thus, the responsiveness to AB formation is variable, with some individuals appearing to be poor AB formers. The aim of this study was to disclose the possible role of genetic variants of genes encoding inflammasome and iron metabolism proteins in the ability to form ABs in a population of 81 individuals from North East Italy, who died after having developed malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). This study included 86 genetic variants distributed in 10 genes involved in Fe metabolism and 7 genetic variants in two genes encoding for inflammasome molecules. Genotypes/haplotypes were compared according to the number of lung ABs. Data showed that the NLRP1 rs12150220 missense variant (H155L) was significantly correlated with numbers of ABs in MPM patients. Specifically, a low number of ABs was detected in individuals carrying the NLRP1 rs12150220 A/T genotype. Our findings suggest that the NLRP1 inflammasome might contribute in the development of lung ABs. It is postulated that the NLRP1 missense variant may be considered as one of the possible host genetic factors contributing to individual variability in coating efficiency, which needs to be taken when assessing occupational exposure to asbestos.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Crovella
- a Institute for Maternal and Child Health , IRCCS Burlo Garofolo , Trieste , Italy
- b Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences , University of Trieste, Ospedale di Cattinara , Trieste , Italy
| | - R R Moura
- c Department of Genetics , Federal University of Pernambuco , Recife , Brazil
| | - S Cappellani
- a Institute for Maternal and Child Health , IRCCS Burlo Garofolo , Trieste , Italy
| | - F Celsi
- a Institute for Maternal and Child Health , IRCCS Burlo Garofolo , Trieste , Italy
| | - E Trevisan
- d Department of Life Sciences , University of Trieste , Trieste , Italy
| | - M Schneider
- e Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy , AAS2 "Bassa Friulana-Isontina" - S. Polo General Hospital , Monfalcone , Italy
| | - A Brollo
- e Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy , AAS2 "Bassa Friulana-Isontina" - S. Polo General Hospital , Monfalcone , Italy
| | - E M Nicastro
- e Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy , AAS2 "Bassa Friulana-Isontina" - S. Polo General Hospital , Monfalcone , Italy
| | - F Vita
- d Department of Life Sciences , University of Trieste , Trieste , Italy
| | - L Finotto
- f Workplace Safety and Prevention , AAS2 "Bassa Friulana-Isontina" - S. Polo General Hospital , Monfalcone , Italy
| | - G Zabucchi
- d Department of Life Sciences , University of Trieste , Trieste , Italy
| | - V Borelli
- d Department of Life Sciences , University of Trieste , Trieste , Italy
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28
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Polymorphisms and expression of inflammasome genes are associated with the development and severity of rheumatoid arthritis in Brazilian patients. Inflamm Res 2017; 67:255-264. [PMID: 29230505 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-017-1119-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the present study, we analyzed the possible association of inflammasome gene variants and expression to rheumatoid arthritis (RA)'s development and severity in the Brazilian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirteen single nucleotide polymorphisms within six inflammasome genes (NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRC4, AIM2, CARD8, CASP1) as well as IL1B and IL18 genes in two different Brazilian populations (from Northeast and Southeast Brazil) were analyzed. We also evaluated inflammasome gene expression profile in resting and LPS + ATP-treated monocytes from RA patients and healthy individuals. For genetic association study, 218 patients and 307 healthy controls were genotyped. For gene expression study, inflammasome genes mRNA levels of 12 patients and ten healthy individuals were assessed by qPCR. RESULTS Our results showed that rs10754558 NLRP3 and rs2043211 CARD8 polymorphisms are associated with RA development (p value = 0.044, OR = 1.77, statistical power = 0.999) and severity measured by Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) (p value = 0.03), respectively. Gene expression analyses showed that RA patients display activation of CASP1, IL1B and IL1R genes independently of LPS + ATP activation. In LPS + ATP-treated monocytes, NLRP3 and NLRC4 expressions were also significantly higher in patients compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS The first reported results in Brazilian populations support the role of inflammasome in the development of RA.
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29
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Zhang QB, Qing YF, He YL, Xie WG, Zhou JG. Association of NLRP3 polymorphisms with susceptibility to primary gouty arthritis in a Chinese Han population. Clin Rheumatol 2017; 37:235-244. [PMID: 29214547 PMCID: PMC5754462 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-017-3900-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The NLRP3-interleukin1β (IL1β) signaling pathway is involved in monosodium urate (MSU)-mediated inflammation. The aim of this present study was to determine whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the NLRP3 gene are associated with susceptibility to gouty arthritis (GA) and whether these SNPs alter the expression of components of the NLRP3-IL1β signaling pathway. The rs10754558, rs4612666, and rs1539019 SNPs were detected in 583 patients with GA and 459 healthy subjects. NLRP3 and IL1β mRNA levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and serum IL1β levels were measured in different genotype carriers, and correlations between the NLRP3 SNPs and NLRP3 mRNA, IL1β mRNA, and serum IL1β levels were investigated. The GG genotype of NLRP3 rs10754558 was found to be significantly associated with patients with GA compared to the healthy control subjects via multivariate logistic regression analysis (adjusted OR = 2.68, P = 0.006). The CGA haplotypes were independently associated with patients with GA compared to the healthy control subjects (adjusted OR = 1.968, P = 0.02). The levels of NLRP3 mRNA, IL1β mRNA, and serum IL1β in the patients with GA were significantly different among the three genotypes of rs10754558 (all P < 0.01). The GG genotype of rs10754558 and the CGA haplotype of rs4612666-C, rs10754558-G, and rs1539019-A are both independent risk factors for primary GA development. The rs10754558 polymorphism might participate in regulating immune and inflammation responses in patients with GA by influencing the expression of components of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Future multicenter studies aimed at replicating these findings in an independent population as well as functional tests will aid in further defining the role of these SNPs in the development of GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan-Bo Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics of the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637007, China
| | - Yu-Feng Qing
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology of the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, China.,Institute of Rheumatology of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637007, China
| | - Yong-Long He
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology of the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, China.,Institute of Rheumatology of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637007, China
| | - Wen-Guang Xie
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology of the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, China.,Institute of Rheumatology of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637007, China
| | - Jing-Guo Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology of the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, China.
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Yu CH, Moecking J, Geyer M, Masters SL. Mechanisms of NLRP1-Mediated Autoinflammatory Disease in Humans and Mice. J Mol Biol 2017; 430:142-152. [PMID: 28733143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
NLRP1 was the first NOD-like receptor described to form an inflammasome, recruiting ASC to activate caspase-1, which processes interleukin-1β and interleukin-18 to their active form. A wealth of new genetic information has now redefined our understanding of this innate immune sensor. Specifically, rare loss-of-function variants in the N-terminal pyrin domain indicate that this part of NLRP1 is autoinhibitory and normally acts to prevent a familial autoinflammatory skin disease associated with cancer. In the absence of a ligand to trigger human NLRP1, these mutations have now confirmed the requirement of NLRP1 autolytic cleavage within the FIIND domain, which had previously been implicated in NLRP1 activation. Autolytic cleavage generates a C-terminal fragment of NLRP1 containing the CARD domain which then forms an ASC-dependent inflammasome. The CARD domain as an inflammasome linker is consistent with the observation that under some conditions, particularly for mouse NLRP1, caspase-1 can be engaged directly, and although it is no longer processed, it is still capable of producing mature IL-1β. Additional rare variants in a linker region between the LRR and FIIND domains of NLRP1 also cause autoinflammatory disease in both humans and mice. This new genetic information is likely to provide for more mechanistic insight in the years to come, contributing to our understanding of how NLRP1 functions as an innate immune sensor of infection and predisposes to autoimmune or autoinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hsiung Yu
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Jonas Moecking
- Department of Structural Immunology, Institute of Innate Immunity, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Geyer
- Department of Structural Immunology, Institute of Innate Immunity, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Seth L Masters
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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Weigt SS, Palchevskiy V, Belperio JA. Inflammasomes and IL-1 biology in the pathogenesis of allograft dysfunction. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:2022-2029. [PMID: 28569730 DOI: 10.1172/jci93537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are high-molecular-weight cytosolic complexes that mediate the activation of caspases. There are many inflammasomes, and each is influenced by a unique pattern-recognition receptor response. Two signals are typically involved in the inflammasome pathways. Signal one involves recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), such as LPS or other colonizing/invading microbes, that interact with TLRs, which induce the downstream production of pro-IL-1β. This is followed by signal two, which involves recognition of PAMPs or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), such as uric acid or ATP, via NLRP3, which leads to caspase-1-dependent cleavage of pro-IL-1β to active IL-1β and pyroptosis. Ultimately, these two signals cause the release of multiple proinflammatory cytokines. Both PAMPs and DAMPs can be liberated by early insults to the allograft, including ischemia/reperfusion injury, infections, and rejection. The consequence of inflammasome activation and IL-1 expression is the upregulation of adhesion molecules and chemokines, which leads to allograft neutrophil sequestration, mononuclear phagocyte recruitment, and T cell activation, all of which are key steps in the continuum from allograft insult to chronic allograft dysfunction.
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Inflammasomes in the Gut Mucosal Homeostasis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1024:133-151. [PMID: 28921468 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-5987-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are critical checkpoints in inflammation. The activation of inflammasome can cause a series of inflammatory responses including maturation of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 and a specialized form of cell death called pyroptosis. Since its identification in the early 2000s, inflammasomes have been implicated to play multifaceted roles in varied pathological and physiological conditions, especially in the mucosal compartments including the gut. Maintaining gut mucosal homeostasis has always been a remarkable challenge for the host due to both the vast mucosal surface that is exposed to the outside and the enormous amount of local microbiota. To accomplish this challenge, the host mounts a constant dynamic low-grade inflammatory response (physiological inflammation) in coping with insults of microbes in the intestine. This book chapter aims to summarize the current knowledge of how inflammasomes contribute to gut mucosal homeostasis.
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Donor and recipient genetic variants in NLRP3 associate with early acute rejection following kidney transplantation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36315. [PMID: 27819323 PMCID: PMC5098240 DOI: 10.1038/srep36315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
NLRP3 (NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3) is a member of the inflammasome family and is of special interest in renal disease. Experimental studies have shown that Nlrp3 plays a significant role in the induction of renal damage and dysfunction in acute and chronic renal injury. However, the role of NLRP3 in human renal disease is completely unknown. From a retrospective cohort study, we determined in 1271 matching donor and recipient samples if several NLRP3 single nucelotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were associated with primary non-function (PNF), delayed graft function (DGF), biopsy-proven acute rejection (BPAR) and death-censored graft and patient survival. NLRP3 gain-of-function SNP (rs35829419) in donors was associated with an increased risk of BPAR while NLRP3 loss-of-function SNP (rs6672995) in the recipient was associated with a decreased risk of BPAR in the first year following renal transplantation (HR 1.91, 95% CI 1.38–2.64, P < 0.001 and HR 0.73, 95% CI 0.55–0.97, P = 0.03 resp.). NLRP3 SNPs in both donor and recipient were not associated with PNF, DGF, graft survival or patient survival. We conclude that genetic variants in the NLRP3 gene affect the risk of acute rejection following kidney transplantation.
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Mast cell activation disease and the modern epidemic of chronic inflammatory disease. Transl Res 2016; 174:33-59. [PMID: 26850903 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A large and growing portion of the human population, especially in developed countries, suffers 1 or more chronic, often quite burdensome ailments which either are overtly inflammatory in nature or are suspected to be of inflammatory origin, but for which investigations to date have failed to identify specific causes, let alone unifying mechanisms underlying the multiple such ailments that often afflict such patients. Relatively recently described as a non-neoplastic cousin of the rare hematologic disease mastocytosis, mast cell (MC) activation syndrome-suspected to be of greatly heterogeneous, complex acquired clonality in many cases-is a potential underlying/unifying explanation for a diverse assortment of inflammatory ailments. A brief review of MC biology and how aberrant primary MC activation might lead to such a vast range of illness is presented.
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35
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Contribution of inflammasome genetics in Plasmodium vivax malaria. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 40:162-166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Paramel Varghese G, Folkersen L, Strawbridge RJ, Halvorsen B, Yndestad A, Ranheim T, Krohg-Sørensen K, Skjelland M, Espevik T, Aukrust P, Lengquist M, Hedin U, Jansson JH, Fransén K, Hansson GK, Eriksson P, Sirsjö A. NLRP3 Inflammasome Expression and Activation in Human Atherosclerosis. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:JAHA.115.003031. [PMID: 27207962 PMCID: PMC4889178 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.003031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background The NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is an interleukin (IL)‐1β and IL‐18 cytokine processing complex that is activated in inflammatory conditions. The role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction is not fully understood. Methods and Results Atherosclerotic plaques were analyzed for transcripts of the NLRP3 inflammasome, and for IL‐1β release. The Swedish First‐ever myocardial Infarction study in Ac‐county (FIA) cohort consisting of DNA from 555 myocardial infarction patients and 1016 healthy individuals was used to determine the frequency of 4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the downstream regulatory region of NLRP3. Expression of NLRP3, Apoptosis‐associated speck‐like protein containing a CARD (ASC), caspase‐1 (CASP1), IL1B, and IL18 mRNA was significantly increased in atherosclerotic plaques compared to normal arteries. The expression of NLRP3 mRNA was significantly higher in plaques of symptomatic patients when compared to asymptomatic ones. CD68‐positive macrophages were observed in the same areas of atherosclerotic lesions as NLRP3 and ASC expression. Occasionally, expression of NLRP3 and ASC was also present in smooth muscle cells. Cholesterol crystals and ATP induced IL‐1β release from lipopolysaccharide‐primed human atherosclerotic lesion plaques. The minor alleles of the variants rs4266924, rs6672995, and rs10733113 were associated with NLRP3 mRNA levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells but not with the risk of myocardial infarction. Conclusions Our results indicate a possible role of the NLRP3 inflammasome and its genetic variants in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geena Paramel Varghese
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Lasse Folkersen
- Department of Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rona J Strawbridge
- Department of Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bente Halvorsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Arne Yndestad
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway K.G. Jebsen Inflammatory Research Center, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine Ranheim
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten Krohg-Sørensen
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mona Skjelland
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Terje Espevik
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway K.G. Jebsen Inflammatory Research Center, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Mariette Lengquist
- Department of Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf Hedin
- Department of Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan-Håkan Jansson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Skellefteå Hospital and Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Karin Fransén
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Göran K Hansson
- Department of Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Eriksson
- Department of Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Allan Sirsjö
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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Broderick L. Recurrent Fevers for the Pediatric Immunologist: It's Not All Immunodeficiency. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2016; 16:2. [PMID: 26707379 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-015-0578-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autoinflammatory diseases are disorders of the innate immune system, characterized by systemic inflammation independent of infection and autoreactive antibodies or antigen-specific T cells. Similar to immunodeficiencies, these immune dysregulatory diseases have unique presentations, genetics, and available therapies. Given the presentation of fevers, rashes, and mucosal symptoms in many of the disorders, the allergist/immunologist is the appropriate medical home for these patients: to appropriately rule out immunodeficiencies, evaluate for allergic disease, and diagnose and treat recurrent fever disorders. However, many practicing physicians are unfamiliar with the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of autoinflammatory disorders. This review will focus on understanding the signs and symptoms of classic autoinflammatory disorders, introduce newly described monogenic and polygenic disorders, and address the approach to the patient with recurrent fevers to distinguish autoinflammation from immunodeficiency and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori Broderick
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. MC 0760, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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Lee YH, Bae SC. Association between functional NLRP3 polymorphisms and susceptibility to autoimmune and inflammatory diseases: a meta-analysis. Lupus 2016; 25:1558-1566. [PMID: 27060062 DOI: 10.1177/0961203316644336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study determined whether NLRP3 polymorphisms rs35829419 C/A and rs10754558 C/G were associated with autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. METHODS An association between the NLRP3 rs35829419 C/A and rs10754558 C/G polymorphisms and autoimmune and inflammatory diseases was determined by performing a meta-analysis by using (1) allele contrast, (2) recessive, (3) dominant, and (4) co-dominant models. RESULTS Thirty comparative studies involving 8069 patients and 8824 controls were included in the meta-analysis. No association was observed between autoimmune and inflammatory diseases and NLRP3 rs35829419 C allele (OR = 1.020, 95% CI = 0.804-1.295, p = 0.869). Stratification by ethnicity showed no association between the NLRP3 rs35829419 C allele and autoimmune and inflammatory diseases in European, Latin American, and Polynesian populations. Stratification by disease type showed no association between the NLRP3 rs35829419 C allele and gout, SLE, RA, celiac disease, and Crohn's disease. Moreover, no association was observed between autoimmune and inflammatory diseases and the NLRP3 rs10754558 C allele (OR = 1.057, 95% CI = 0.950-1.177, p = 0.310). However, stratification by ethnicity showed an association between the NLRP3 rs10754558 C allele and autoimmune and inflammatory diseases in the Latin American (OR = 1.399, 95% CI = 1.201-1.630, p = 1.6 × 10-6) but not in European and Asian populations. Further, stratification by disease type showed a significant association of the NLRP3 rs10754558 C allele with SLE (OR = 1.465 95% CI = 1.144-1.875, p = 0.002) but not with gout and celiac disease. The same pattern was observed for the NLRP3 rs10754558 C allele in the recessive model. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that the NLRP3 rs10754558 C/G polymorphism was associated with susceptibility to SLE and with autoimmune and inflammatory diseases in Latin American individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S-C Bae
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
Nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) are pattern-recognition receptors similar to toll-like receptors (TLRs). While TLRs are transmembrane receptors, NLRs are cytoplasmic receptors that play a crucial role in the innate immune response by recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Based on their N-terminal domain, NLRs are divided into four subfamilies: NLRA, NLRB, NLRC, and NLRP. NLRs can also be divided into four broad functional categories: inflammasome assembly, signaling transduction, transcription activation, and autophagy. In addition to recognizing PAMPs and DAMPs, NLRs act as a key regulator of apoptosis and early development. Therefore, there are significant associations between NLRs and various diseases related to infection and immunity. NLR studies have recently begun to unveil the roles of NLRs in diseases such as gout, cryopyrin-associated periodic fever syndromes, and Crohn's disease. As these new associations between NRLs and diseases may improve our understanding of disease pathogenesis and lead to new approaches for the prevention and treatment of such diseases, NLRs are becoming increasingly relevant to clinicians. In this review, we provide a concise overview of NLRs and their role in infection, immunity, and disease, particularly from clinical perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Keun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jeon Soo Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute and Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moon H Nahm
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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McKinney C, Stamp LK, Dalbeth N, Topless RK, Day RO, Kannangara DR, Williams KM, Janssen M, Jansen TL, Joosten LA, Radstake TR, Riches PL, Tausche AK, Lioté F, So A, Merriman TR. Multiplicative interaction of functional inflammasome genetic variants in determining the risk of gout. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:288. [PMID: 26462562 PMCID: PMC4604627 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0802-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The acute gout flare results from a localised self-limiting innate immune response to monosodium urate (MSU) crystals deposited in joints in hyperuricaemic individuals. Activation of the caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 8 (CARD8) NOD-like receptor pyrin-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome by MSU crystals and production of mature interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is central to acute gouty arthritis. However very little is known about genetic control of the innate immune response involved in acute gouty arthritis. Therefore our aim was to test functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variants in the toll-like receptor (TLR)-inflammasome-IL-1β axis for association with gout. Methods 1,494 gout cases of European and 863 gout cases of New Zealand (NZ) Polynesian (Māori and Pacific Island) ancestry were included. Gout was diagnosed by the 1977 ARA gout classification criteria. There were 1,030 Polynesian controls and 10,942 European controls including from the publicly-available Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) and Framingham Heart (FHS) studies. The ten SNPs were either genotyped by Sequenom MassArray or by Affymetrix SNP array or imputed in the ARIC and FHS datasets. Allelic association was done by logistic regression adjusting by age and sex with European and Polynesian data combined by meta-analysis. Sample sets were pooled for multiplicative interaction analysis, which was also adjusted by sample set. Results Eleven SNPs were tested in the TLR2, CD14, IL1B, CARD8, NLRP3, MYD88, P2RX7, DAPK1 and TNXIP genes. Nominally significant (P < 0.05) associations with gout were detected at CARD8 rs2043211 (OR = 1.12, P = 0.007), IL1B rs1143623 (OR = 1.10, P = 0.020) and CD14 rs2569190 (OR = 1.08; P = 0.036). There was significant multiplicative interaction between CARD8 and IL1B (P = 0.005), with the IL1B risk genotype amplifying the risk effect of CARD8. Conclusion There is evidence for association of gout with functional variants in CARD8, IL1B and CD14. The gout-associated allele of IL1B increases expression of IL-1β – the multiplicative interaction with CARD8 would be consistent with a synergy of greater inflammasome activity (resulting from reduced CARD8) combined with higher levels of pre-IL-1β expression leading to increased production of mature IL-1β in gout. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-015-0802-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cushla McKinney
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Lisa K Stamp
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Nicola Dalbeth
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Ruth K Topless
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Richard O Day
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. .,Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Diluk Rw Kannangara
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. .,Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Kenneth M Williams
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. .,Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Matthijs Janssen
- Department of Rheumatology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands.
| | - Timothy L Jansen
- Department of IQ HealthCare, VieCuri Medical Centre, Venlo, The Netherlands. .,Scientific Institute of Quality in HealthCare, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Leo A Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Science, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Timothy R Radstake
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508, GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands. .,Department of Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508, GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Philip L Riches
- Rheumatic Diseases Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Anne-Kathrin Tausche
- Department of Rheumatology, University Clinic Carl-Gustav-Carus", Dresden, Germany.
| | - Frederic Lioté
- INSERM, UMR-S 1132, Hospital Lariboisière, F-75010, Paris, France. .,University Paris Diderot (UFR de Médecine), Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75205, Paris, France.
| | - Alexander So
- DAL, Service of Rheumatology, Laboratory of Rheumatology, University of Lausanne, CHUV, Nestlé 05-5029, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Tony R Merriman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
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Cheng CH, Lee YS, Chang CJ, Lin JC, Lin TY. Genetic Polymorphisms in Inflammasome-Dependent Innate Immunity among Pediatric Patients with Severe Renal Parenchymal Infections. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140128. [PMID: 26444566 PMCID: PMC4596571 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammasome innate immune response activation has been demonstrated in various inflammatory diseases and microbial infections. However, to our knowledge, no study has examined the inflammasome-dependent pathways in patients with urinary tract infection. Defective or variant genes associated with innate immunity are believed to alter the host’s susceptibility to microbial infection. This study investigated genetic polymorphisms in genes encoding inflammasomes and the subsequent released cytokines in pediatric patients with severe renal parenchymal infections. Methodology This study included patients diagnosed with acute pyelonephritis (APN) and acute lobar nephronia (ALN) who had no underlying disease or structural anomalies other than vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping was performed in the genes associated with inflammasome formation and activation (NLRP3, CARD8) and subsequent IL–1β cytokine generation (IL–1β). Principal Findings A total of 40 SNPs were selected for initial genotyping. Analysis of samples from 48 patients each and 96 controls revealed that only nine SNPs (five SNPs in NLRP3; three SNPs in CARD8; one SNP in IL–1β) had heterozygosity rates >0.01. Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium was satisfied for the observed genotype frequencies of these SNPs. Analysis excluding patients with VUR, a well-known risk factor for severe UTIs, revealed a lower frequency of the CC genotype in NLRP3 (rs4612666) in patients with APN and ALN than in controls. Correction for multiple-SNP testing showed that the non-VUR subgroup of the APN+ALN combined patient groups remained significantly different from the control group (P < 0.0055). Conclusions This study is the first to suggest that the inflammasome-dependent innate immunity pathway is associated with the pathogenesis of pediatric severe renal parenchymal infections. Further investigation is warranted to clarify its pathogenic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hui Cheng
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children’s Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yun-Shien Lee
- Genomic Medicine Research Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Ming-Chuan University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chee-Jen Chang
- Statistical Center for Clinical Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Che Lin
- Institute of Oral Medicine, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tzou-Yien Lin
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children’s Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Bidoki AZ, Harsini S, Sadr M, Soltani S, Mohammadzadeh M, Najafi S, Rezaei N. NLRP3
gene polymorphisms in Iranian patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis. J Oral Pathol Med 2015; 45:136-40. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.12332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Zare Bidoki
- Molecular Immunology Research Center; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
- Department of Immunology; School of Medicine; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Sara Harsini
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies; Children's Medical Center; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Maryam Sadr
- Molecular Immunology Research Center; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
- Department of Immunology; School of Medicine; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Samaneh Soltani
- Molecular Immunology Research Center; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
- Department of Immunology; School of Medicine; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Mahsa Mohammadzadeh
- Dental Research Center; School of Dentistry; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Shamsolmoulouk Najafi
- Dental Research Center; School of Dentistry; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Molecular Immunology Research Center; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
- Department of Immunology; School of Medicine; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies; Children's Medical Center; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN); Tehran Iran
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Single nucleotide polymorphism of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is associated with juvenile spondyloarthritis in Croatian population. Clin Rheumatol 2015; 34:2079-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s10067-015-2952-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Williams TM, Leeth RA, Rothschild DE, Coutermarsh-Ott SL, McDaniel DK, Simmons AE, Heid B, Cecere TE, Allen IC. The NLRP1 inflammasome attenuates colitis and colitis-associated tumorigenesis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2015; 194:3369-80. [PMID: 25725098 PMCID: PMC4369420 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins are a diverse family of pattern recognition receptors that are essential mediators of inflammation and host defense in the gastrointestinal system. Recent studies have identified a subgroup of inflammasome forming NLRs that modulate the mucosal immune response during inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colitis associated tumorigenesis. To better elucidate the contribution of NLR family members in IBD and cancer, we conducted a retrospective analysis of gene expression metadata from human patients. These data revealed that NLRP1, an inflammasome forming NLR, was significantly dysregulated in IBD and colon cancer. To better characterize the function of NLRP1 in disease pathogenesis, we used Nlrp1b(-/-) mice in colitis and colitis-associated cancer models. In this paper, we report that NLRP1 attenuates gastrointestinal inflammation and tumorigenesis. Nlrp1b(-/-) mice demonstrated significant increases in morbidity, inflammation, and tumorigenesis compared with wild-type animals. Similar to data previously reported for related inflammasome forming NLRs, the increased inflammation and tumor burden was correlated with attenuated levels of IL-1β and IL-18. Further mechanistic studies using bone marrow reconstitution experiments revealed that the increased disease pathogenesis in the Nlrp1b(-/-) mice was associated with nonhematopoietic-derived cells and suggests that NLRP1 functions in the colon epithelial cell compartment to attenuate tumorigenesis. Taken together, these data identify NLRP1 as an essential mediator of the host immune response during IBD and cancer. These findings are consistent with a model whereby multiple NLR inflammasomes attenuate disease pathobiology through modulating IL-1β and IL-18 levels in the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tere M Williams
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Rachel A Leeth
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Daniel E Rothschild
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Sheryl L Coutermarsh-Ott
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Dylan K McDaniel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Alysha E Simmons
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Bettina Heid
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Thomas E Cecere
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Irving C Allen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
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Role of genetic alterations in the NLRP3 and CARD8 genes in health and disease. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:846782. [PMID: 25788762 PMCID: PMC4348606 DOI: 10.1155/2015/846782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The complexity of a common inflammatory disease is influenced by multiple genetic and environmental factors contributing to the susceptibility of disease. Studies have reported that these exogenous and endogenous components may perturb the balance of innate immune response by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome. The multimeric NLRP3 complex results in the caspase-1 activation and the release of potent inflammatory cytokines, like IL-1β. Several studies have been performed on the association of the genetic alterations in genes encoding NLRP3 and CARD8 with the complex diseases with inflammatory background, like inflammatory bowel disease, cardiovascular diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and type 1 diabetes. The aim of the present review is therefore to summarize the literature regarding genetic alterations in these genes and their association with health and disease.
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Malhotra S, Río J, Urcelay E, Nurtdinov R, Bustamante MF, Fernández O, Oliver B, Zettl U, Brassat D, Killestein J, Lechner-Scott J, Drulovic J, Chan A, Martinelli-Boneschi F, García-Merino A, Montalban X, Comabella M. NLRP3 inflammasome is associated with the response to IFN-β in patients with multiple sclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 138:644-52. [PMID: 25586466 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awu388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Evidence exists for a potential modulation of inflammasome activity by interferon beta. Here, we investigated the roles of inflammasomes [absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2); NLR family, CARD domain containing 4 (NLRC4); NLR family, pyrin domain containing 1 and 3 (NLRP1 and NLRP3)] and related cytokines (IL1B, IL10, IL18) in the response to interferon beta in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Ninety-seven patients treated with interferon beta were classified into responders and non-responders according to clinical criteria after 24 months and clinical-radiological criteria after 12 months of treatment. Messenger RNA expression levels of inflammasomes and cytokines were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction in peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected before treatment with interferon beta. In a subgroup of patients, NLRP3 and IL1B expression was also determined after 3 months (n = 32) and 12 months (n = 20) of interferon beta treatment. A polymorphism located in the NLRP3 gene, rs35829419, was genotyped in 789 multiple sclerosis patients treated with interferon beta. Baseline mRNA expression levels for NLRP3 and IL1B were increased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from non-responders compared to responders classified according to clinical criteria after 24 months (P = 0.02 and P = 0.001, respectively). No significant differences were observed for other inflammasomes and related cytokines. Differences in NLRP3 and IL1B expression remained significant following a clinical-radiological classification after 12 months (P = 0.007 and P = 0.02, respectively). After treatment with interferon beta, NLRP3 and IL1B expression was increased in responders but unchanged in non-responders. A trend for association was observed between rs35829419 and interferon beta response (pM-H = 0.08). These results point to a role of the NLRP3 inflammasome and its related cytokine IL1B in the response to interferon beta in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Malhotra
- 1 Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Río
- 1 Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Urcelay
- 2 Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramil Nurtdinov
- 1 Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta F Bustamante
- 1 Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Fernández
- 3 Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Neurociencias. Instituto de Biomedicina de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Spain
| | - Begoña Oliver
- 3 Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Neurociencias. Instituto de Biomedicina de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Spain
| | - Uwe Zettl
- 4 University of Rostock, Department of Neurology, Rostock, Germany
| | - David Brassat
- 5 Pole des Neurosciences et INSERM U1043, Université de Toulouse III, Hopital Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Jeannette Lechner-Scott
- 7 Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - Jelena Drulovic
- 8 Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Centre of Serbia (CCS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andrew Chan
- 9 Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
| | - Filippo Martinelli-Boneschi
- 10 Laboratory of Genetics of Neurological Complex Disorders and Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Xavier Montalban
- 1 Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Comabella
- 1 Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors are essential mediators of host defense and inflammation in the gastrointestinal system. Recent data have revealed that toll-like receptors and nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat-containing proteins (NLRs) function to maintain homeostasis between the host microbiome and mucosal immunity. The NLR proteins are a diverse class of cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptors. In humans, only about half of the identified NLRs have been adequately characterized. The majority of well-characterized NLRs participate in the formation of a multiprotein complex, termed the inflammasome, which is responsible for the maturation of interleukin-1β and interleukin-18. However, recent observations have also uncovered the presence of a novel subgroup of NLRs that function as positive or negative regulators of inflammation through modulating critical signaling pathways, including NF-κB. Dysregulation of specific NLRs from both proinflammatory and inhibitory subgroups have been associated with the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in genetically susceptible human populations. Our own preliminary retrospective data mining efforts have identified a diverse range of NLRs that are significantly altered at the messenger RNA level in colons from patients with IBD. Likewise, studies using genetically modified mouse strains have revealed that multiple NLR family members have the potential to dramatically modulate the immune response during IBD. Targeting NLR signaling represents a promising and novel therapeutic strategy. However, significant effort is necessary to translate the current understanding of NLR biology into effective therapies.
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Broderick L, De Nardo D, Franklin BS, Hoffman HM, Latz E. The inflammasomes and autoinflammatory syndromes. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2014; 10:395-424. [PMID: 25423351 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-012414-040431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation, a vital response of the immune system to infection and damage to tissues, can be initiated by various germline-encoded innate immune-signaling receptors. Among these, the inflammasomes are critical for activation of the potent proinflammatory interleukin-1 cytokine family. Additionally, inflammasomes can trigger and maintain inflammatory responses aimed toward excess nutrients and the numerous danger signals that appear in a variety of chronic inflammatory diseases. We discuss our understanding of how inflammasomes assemble to trigger caspase-1 activation and subsequent cytokine release, describe how genetic mutations in inflammasome-related genes lead to autoinflammatory syndromes, and review the contribution of inflammasome activation to various pathologies arising from metabolic dysfunction. Insights into the mechanisms that govern inflammasome activation will help in the development of novel therapeutic strategies, not only for managing genetic diseases associated with overactive inflammasomes, but also for treating common metabolic diseases for which effective therapies are currently lacking.
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49
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Abstract
Inflammasomes are large cytosolic multiprotein complexes that assemble in response to detection of infection- or stress-associated stimuli and lead to the activation of caspase-1-mediated inflammatory responses, including cleavage and unconventional secretion of the leaderless proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, and initiation of an inflammatory form of cell death referred to as pyroptosis. Inflammasome activation can be induced by a wide variety of microbial pathogens and generally mediates host defense through activation of rapid inflammatory responses and restriction of pathogen replication. In addition to its role in defense against pathogens, recent studies have suggested that the inflammasome is also a critical regulator of the commensal microbiota in the intestine. Finally, inflammasomes have been widely implicated in the development and progression of various chronic diseases, such as gout, atherosclerosis, and metabolic syndrome. In this perspective, we discuss the role of inflammasomes in infectious and noninfectious inflammation and highlight areas of interest for future studies of inflammasomes in host defense and chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel R de Zoete
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Noah W Palm
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Shu Zhu
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
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50
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Current aspects of vitiligo genetics. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2014; 31:247-55. [PMID: 25254010 PMCID: PMC4171675 DOI: 10.5114/pdia.2014.43497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is a common acquired depigmentation disorder of the skin manifested by the presence of white macules. The disease occurs at a frequency of approximately 1–4% of the world population. Currently, the most popular theory of vitiligo development is a multifactorial hypothesis according to which genetic conditions predispose vitiligo macules to occur as a result of specific environmental factors. According to the genetic hypothesis, vitiligo inheritance is multigenic. Genetic studies conducted so far concern patients with non-segmental vitiligo. There are three basic techniques of genetic studies: candidate gene association studies, genomewide linkage studies and genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The GWAS are the “gold standard” for detecting susceptibility genes. Up to now, approximately 36 convincing non-segmental vitiligo susceptibility loci have been identified. Approximately 90% of them encode immunoregulatory proteins, while approximately 10% encode melanocyte proteins. The existence of various associations between vitiligo and other autoimmune diseases may provide new knowledge on the causes of many disorders. Examples include the inverse relationship between vitiligo and melanoma and association of vitiligo with other autoimmune diseases. The main goal of all researches is to find new, optimal therapeutic strategies for vitiligo and other autoimmune diseases.
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