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Bezerra TMDO, Xavier KVM, Luz ACDO, Cavalcanti IMF, Brito CAAD, Balbino TCL. Prevalence of cagA, cagM, vacA and oipA genes in isolates of Helicobacter pylori obtained from hospital patients in Northeast Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s42770-024-01380-4. [PMID: 38802685 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01380-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a major cause of gastrointestinal disorders such as chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, and gastric cancer. It is estimated that around half of the world's population is infected with this pathogen, with underdeveloped countries reporting the highest frequencies. The genes cagA, cagM, vacA, and oipA are some of the most important virulence factors of H. pylori; however, there are no recent studies from Recife-PE demonstrating their frequency, and their relationship with severe gastric modifications. This work aims to use qualitative PCR to detect the virulence genes cagA, cagM, vacA, and oipA in H. pylori isolates obtained from patients in a public hospital in Recife (PE). We collected samples from the stomach's body and antrum of 147 patients, from which 71 (48%) tested positive for H. pylori. Among positive samples, the most frequently infected gender was female (44/71, 62%), and the most frequently infected age group was those above the age of 46 (31/71, 44%). Histological examination of H. pylori-positive samples revealed alterations other than chronic gastritis, including metaplasia and atrophy. The frequency of cagA, cagM, and oipA genes were identified in 84%, 56%, and 69% of the samples tested, respectively, as well as the vacA-s1m1 allelic combination (77%). However, there was no statistically significant variation in the occurrence of these genes, therefore they cannot be considered unique markers of severity in our setting. New research with larger samples and investigations of other genetic markers can aid uncover local risk factors and lead to a better understanding of H. pylori's pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaynara Millena de Oliveira Bezerra
- Laboratory of Microbiology of Institute Aggeu Magalhães (IAM), Foundation Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Keyla Vitória Marques Xavier
- Laboratory of Microbiology of Institute Aggeu Magalhães (IAM), Foundation Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina de Oliveira Luz
- Laboratory of Microbiology of Institute Aggeu Magalhães (IAM), Foundation Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Isabella Macário Ferro Cavalcanti
- Keizo AsamiInstitute (iLIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Academic Center of Vitoria (CAV), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Vitoria de Santo Antao, PE, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alexandre Antunes de Brito
- Keizo AsamiInstitute (iLIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
- Department of Immunology, Autoimune Research Institute, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Tereza Cristina Leal- Balbino
- Laboratory of Microbiology of Institute Aggeu Magalhães (IAM), Foundation Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, Brazil
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Li J, Pan J, Xiao D, Shen N, Wang R, Miao H, Pu P, Zhang H, Yv X, Xing L. Chronic atrophic gastritis and risk of incident upper gastrointestinal cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Transl Med 2024; 22:429. [PMID: 38711123 PMCID: PMC11075312 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04736-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous literature has explored the relationship between chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) and isolated cancers within the upper gastrointestinal cancers; However, an integrative synthesis across the totality of upper gastrointestinal cancers was conspicuously absent. The research objective was to assess the relationship between CAG and the risk of incident upper gastrointestinal cancers, specifically including gastric cancer, oesophageal cancer, and oesophagogastric junction cancer. METHODS Rigorous systematic searches were conducted across three major databases, namely PubMed, Embase and Web of Science, encompassing the timeline from database inception until August 10, 2023. We extracted the necessary odds ratio (OR) and their corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) for subsequent meta-analysis. Statistical analyses were conducted using Stata 17.0 software. RESULTS This meta-analysis included a total of 23 articles encompassing 5858 patients diagnosed with upper gastrointestinal cancers. CAG resulted in a statistically significant 4.12-fold elevated risk of incident gastric cancer (OR = 4.12, 95% CI 3.20-5.30). Likewise, CAG was linked to a 2.08-fold increased risk of incident oesophageal cancer (OR = 2.08, 95%CI 1.60-2.72). Intriguingly, a specific correlation was found between CAG and the risk of incident oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OR = 2.29, 95%CI 1.77-2.95), while no significant association was detected for oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OR = 0.62, 95%CI 0.17-2.26). Moreover, CAG was correlated with a 2.77-fold heightened risk of oesophagogastric junction cancer (OR = 2.77, 95%CI 2.21-3.46). Notably, for the same type of upper gastrointestinal cancer, it was observed that diagnosing CAG through histological methods was linked to a 33-77% higher risk of developing cancer compared to diagnosing CAG through serological methods. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis indicated a two- to fourfold increased risk of gastric cancer, oesophageal cancer, and oesophagogastric junction cancer in patients with CAG. Importantly, for the same upper gastrointestinal cancer, the risk of incident cancer was higher when CAG was diagnosed histologically compared to serological diagnosis. Further rigorous study designs are required to explore the impact of CAG diagnosed through both diagnostic methods on the risk of upper gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqiu Li
- Department II of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jielu Pan
- Department II of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dinghong Xiao
- Department II of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Nan Shen
- Department II of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ruiqing Wang
- Department II of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hongyv Miao
- Department II of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Peimin Pu
- Department II of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Department II of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiao Yv
- Department II of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Lianjun Xing
- Department II of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Guzmán J, Castillo D, González-Siccha AD, Bussalleu A, Trespalacios-Rangel AA, Lescano AG, Sauvain M. Helicobacter pylori cagA, vacA, iceA and babA Genotypes from Peruvian Patients with Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1476. [PMID: 38672558 PMCID: PMC11047899 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We explored the clinical-stage association of gastric intestinal metaplasia (IM) compared to cases of chronic non-atrophic gastritis (CNAG) and its relationship with virulence genotypes of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) clinical isolates from patients with dyspepsia in Peru. This study was cross-sectional and included 158 H. pylori clinical isolates; each isolate corresponded to a different Peruvian patient, genotyped by polymerase chain reaction to detect cagA gene and EPIYA motifs, the vacA gene (alleles s1, s2, i1, i2, d1, d2, m1, m2 and subtypes s1a, s1b and s1c), the iceA gene (alleles 1 and 2), and the babA gene (allele 2). We observed that 38.6% presented with IM and that all clinical isolates were CagA positive. The EPIYA-ABC motif was predominant (68.4%), and we observed a high frequency for the vacA gene alleles s1 (94.9%), m1 (81.7%), i1 (63.9%), and d1 (70.9%). Strains with both iceA alleles were also detected (69.6%) and 52.2% were babA2 positive. In addition, it was observed that the cagA+/vacAs1m1 (PR: 2.42, 1.14 to 5.13, p < 0.05) and cagA+/vacAs1am1 (PR: 1.67, 1.13 to 2.45, p < 0.01) genotypes were associated with IM. Our findings revealed the cagA and vacA risk genotypes predominance, and we provided clinically relevant associations between Peruvian patients with H. pylori infection and IM clinical stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Guzmán
- Laboratorio Centinela de Helicobacter pylori, Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15024, Peru; (D.C.); (A.B.); (M.S.)
- Facultad de Salud Pública y Administración, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru;
| | - Denis Castillo
- Laboratorio Centinela de Helicobacter pylori, Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15024, Peru; (D.C.); (A.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Anabel D. González-Siccha
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo 13011, Peru;
| | - Alejandro Bussalleu
- Laboratorio Centinela de Helicobacter pylori, Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15024, Peru; (D.C.); (A.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Alba A. Trespalacios-Rangel
- Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia;
| | - Andres G. Lescano
- Facultad de Salud Pública y Administración, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru;
| | - Michel Sauvain
- Laboratorio Centinela de Helicobacter pylori, Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15024, Peru; (D.C.); (A.B.); (M.S.)
- UMR 152 Pharmacochimie et Biologie pour le Développement (PHARMA-DEV), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de Toulouse, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France
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Yang XT, Niu PQ, Li XF, Sun MM, Wei W, Chen YQ, Zheng JY. Differential cytokine expression in gastric tissues highlights helicobacter pylori's role in gastritis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7683. [PMID: 38561502 PMCID: PMC10984929 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58407-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), known for causing gastric inflammation, gastritis and gastric cancer, prompted our study to investigate the differential expression of cytokines in gastric tissues, which is crucial for understanding H. pylori infection and its potential progression to gastric cancer. Focusing on Il-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-18, and TNF-α, we analysed gene and protein levels to differentiate between H. pylori-infected and non-infected gastritis. We utilised real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for gene quantification, immunohistochemical staining, and ELISA for protein measurement. Gastric samples from patients with gastritis were divided into three groups: (1) non-gastritis (N-group) group, (2) gastritis without H. pylori infection (G-group), and (3) gastritis with H. pylori infection (GH-group), each consisting of 8 samples. Our findings revealed a statistically significant variation in cytokine expression. Generally, cytokine levels were higher in gastritis, but in H. pylori-infected gastritis, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 levels were lower compared to H. pylori-independent gastritis, while IL-12, IL-18, and TNF-α levels were higher. This distinct cytokine expression pattern in H. pylori-infected gastritis underscores a unique inflammatory response, providing deeper insights into its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Tang Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongming Branch, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 66 Xiangyangdong Road, Bao Town, Chongming District, Shanghai, 202157, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pei-Qin Niu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongming Branch, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 66 Xiangyangdong Road, Bao Town, Chongming District, Shanghai, 202157, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Ming Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Qing Chen
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Yi Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
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Tran SC, Bryant KN, Cover TL. The Helicobacter pylori cag pathogenicity island as a determinant of gastric cancer risk. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2314201. [PMID: 38391242 PMCID: PMC10896142 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2314201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori strains can be broadly classified into two groups based on whether they contain or lack a chromosomal region known as the cag pathogenicity island (cag PAI). Colonization of the human stomach with cag PAI-positive strains is associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer and peptic ulcer disease, compared to colonization with cag PAI-negative strains. The cag PAI encodes a secreted effector protein (CagA) and components of a type IV secretion system (Cag T4SS) that delivers CagA and non-protein substrates into host cells. Animal model experiments indicate that CagA and the Cag T4SS stimulate a gastric mucosal inflammatory response and contribute to the development of gastric cancer. In this review, we discuss recent studies defining structural and functional features of CagA and the Cag T4SS and mechanisms by which H. pylori strains containing the cag PAI promote the development of gastric cancer and peptic ulcer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirena C Tran
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kaeli N Bryant
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Timothy L Cover
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
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Xiong M, Yu C, Ren B, Zhong M, Peng Q, Zeng M, Song H. Global knowledge mapping and emerging trends in Helicobacter pylori-related precancerous lesions of gastric cancer research: A bibliometric analysis from 2013 to 2023. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36445. [PMID: 38050286 PMCID: PMC10695611 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection is a crucial element in chronic gastritis progression towards precancerous lesions of gastric cancer (PLGC) formation and, potentially, gastric cancer; however, screening for and eliminating H pylori has several challenges. This study aimed to assess the present research status, prominent themes, and frontiers of H pylori-related PLGC and to provide impartial evaluations of the developmental trends in this domain. This study extracted articles and review papers concerning H pylori-related PLGC published from 2013 to 2023 from the Web of Science Core Collection. The data was analyzed and visualized using VOSviewer and CiteSpace. The study encompassed 1426 papers, with a discernible upward trend in publications between 2013 and 2023. China emerged as the most productive country, whereas the United States exerted the greatest influence. Baylor College of Medicine was the most prolific institution. World Journal of Gastroenterology featured the highest number of published papers, whereas Gastroenterology was the most frequently cited journal. Kim N. from South Korea was the most prolific author. Co-cited literature pertained to various aspects such as gastritis classification, H pylori infection management, gastric cancer prevention, and managing patients with PLGC. Future research will focus on the Kyoto classification, cancer incidence, and gastric intestinal metaplasia. The results of this study indicate a persistent increase in attention directed toward H pylori-associated PLGC. The research emphasis has transitioned from molecular mechanisms, epidemiology, monitoring, and diagnosis to clinical prevention and treatment methodologies. The forthcoming research direction in this area will concentrate on controlling and preventing malignant PLGC transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xiong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chang Yu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Baoping Ren
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Meiqi Zhong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qinghua Peng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Meiyan Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Houpan Song
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Wang B, Zhou W, Zhang H, Wang W, Zhang B, Li S. Exploring the effect of Weifuchun capsule on the toll-like receptor pathway mediated HES6 and immune regulation against chronic atrophic gastritis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 303:115930. [PMID: 36403744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Weifuchun capsule (WFC) is a traditional Chinese patent medicine for chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) in clinic. However, the mechanism of action of WFC for CAG still remains unclear due to its complex composition. AIM OF THE STUDY The study was projected to uncover the mechanism of action of WFC and the corresponding pharmacodynamic substance of WFC against CAG as well as providing a standard example for the research of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) from the perspective of the network and the system. MATERIALS AND METHODS We identified the compounds of WFC through LC-MS/MS analysis and performed a systematic network targets analysis for WFC in the treatment of CAG which thoroughly described the mechanism of action of WFC for CAG. Based on analysis integrating omics data and algorithms, we focused on the specific immune regulatory role of WFC in the treatment of CAG, especially on a hub pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway and thus deciphered the role of WFC in immune regulation, anti-inflammation and mediation of HES6. In experiments part, MNNG-GES-1-cell line and rat models were used to validate our findings. RESULTS In this study, compounds of WFC are identified through LC‒MS/MS and network target analysis is performed to dissect the specific immunoregulatory effect as well as mediation of HES6, a newly discovered biomolecule related to gastritis carcinoma progression, of WFC on CAG through the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. Based on cell line and rat models, we verify the mechanism of action of WFC for CAG in inhibiting inflammatory cytokines, regulating immune cells like T cells and macrophages, related genes including TLR2 and CD14. It is also validated that WFC inhibits the expression of HES6 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Based on the combination of computational strategy and experiments, our study offers a comprehensive analysis to reveal the role of WFC in regulating immune response, inhibiting inflammation in the treatment of CAG, and provides a standard example for the research of TCM from the perspective of the network and the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Wang
- Institute for TCM-X, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Division, BNRist, Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Wuai Zhou
- Institute for TCM-X, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Division, BNRist, Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- TCM Network Pharmacology Department, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Early Druggability Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, 300457, Tianjin, China
| | - Weihua Wang
- Center of Pharmaceutical Technology, Tsinghua University, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- TCM Network Pharmacology Department, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Early Druggability Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, 300457, Tianjin, China.
| | - Shao Li
- Institute for TCM-X, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Division, BNRist, Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
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Multiplex Accelerated PCR System for One-Step Helicobacter pylori cagA + Genotypes Detection: A Guide for Clinical Testing. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:235. [PMID: 35767084 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-02931-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori cagA + genotype is a leading risk factor for gastric cancer development making accurate identification and timely eradication of H. pylori critical to deadly gastric cancer prevention. Traditional clinical diagnostic methods, including conventional in vitro culture, histological examination, and (13/14)C-urea breath test methods, could only identify the presence of H. pylori, but these means are not capable of identification of cagA + strains. Herein, we firstly built a multiplex detection system based on novel accelerated PCR that could realize one-step detection of as low as 20 copies of H. pylori 16S rDNA and cagA genes within 30 min. In addition, this novel system performed strong anti-jamming capacity, and exhibited that it could specifically differentiate H. pylori cagA- and cagA + genotypes co-existence with other 4 kinds of gastrointestinal pathogens. Furthermore, this one-step system showed remarkable performance on rapid H. pylori infection diagnosis and cagA + genotypes identification in clinical gastric mucosa samples. Specifically, it outperformed histological examination in terms of accuracy and was superior to conventional PCR and DNA sequencing in terms of efficiency. This rapid, sensitive, and reliable H. pylori detection and identification system would break the limitation of traditional methods and realize H. pylori infection diagnosis and cagA + genotypes identification.
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Inflammation and Gastric Cancer. Diseases 2022; 10:diseases10030035. [PMID: 35892729 PMCID: PMC9326573 DOI: 10.3390/diseases10030035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer remains a major killer globally, although its incidence has declined over the past century. It is the fifth most common cancer and the third most common reason for cancer-related deaths worldwide. Gastric cancer is the outcome of a complex interaction between environmental, host genetic, and microbial factors. There is significant evidence supporting the association between chronic inflammation and the onset of cancer. This association is particularly robust for gastrointestinal cancers in which microbial pathogens are responsible for the chronic inflammation that can be a triggering factor for the onset of those cancers. Helicobacter pylori is the most prominent example since it is the most widespread infection, affecting nearly half of the world’s population. It is well-known to be responsible for inducing chronic gastric inflammation progressing to atrophy, metaplasia, dysplasia, and eventually, gastric cancer. This review provides an overview of the association of the factors playing a role in chronic inflammation; the bacterial characteristics which are responsible for the colonization, persistence in the stomach, and triggering of inflammation; the microbiome involved in the chronic inflammation process; and the host factors that have a role in determining whether gastritis progresses to gastric cancer. Understanding these interconnections may improve our ability to prevent gastric cancer development and enhance our understanding of existing cases.
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Lima de Souza Gonçalves V, Cordeiro Santos ML, Silva Luz M, Santos Marques H, de Brito BB, França da Silva FA, Souza CL, Oliveira MV, de Melo FF. From Helicobacter pylori infection to gastric cancer: Current evidence on the immune response. World J Clin Oncol 2022; 13:186-199. [PMID: 35433296 PMCID: PMC8966509 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v13.i3.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the result of a multifactorial process whose main components are infection by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), bacterial virulence factors, host immune response and environmental factors. The development of the neoplastic microenvironment also depends on genetic and epigenetic changes in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, which results in deregulation of cell signaling pathways and apoptosis process. This review summarizes the main aspects of the pathogenesis of GC and the immune response involved in chronic inflammation generated by H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Luísa Cordeiro Santos
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Marcel Silva Luz
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Hanna Santos Marques
- Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Campus Vitória da Conquista, Vitória da Conquista 45083-900, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Breno Bittencourt de Brito
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Cláudio Lima Souza
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Márcio Vasconcelos Oliveira
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Freire de Melo
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
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11
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Han L, Shu X, Wang J. Helicobacter pylori-Mediated Oxidative Stress and Gastric Diseases: A Review. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:811258. [PMID: 35211104 PMCID: PMC8860906 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.811258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is considered to be a type of gastrointestinal tumor and is mostly accompanied by Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection at the early stage. Hence, the long-term colonization of the gastric mucosa by HP as a causative factor for gastrointestinal diseases cannot be ignored. The virulence factors secreted by the bacterium activate the signaling pathway of oxidative stress and mediate chronic inflammatory response in the host cells. The virulence factors also thwart the antibacterial effect of neutrophils. Subsequently, DNA methylation is induced, which causes continuous cell proliferation and evolution toward low-grade-differentiated gastric cells. This process provides the pathological basis for the occurrence of progressive gastric cancer. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the oxidative stress response triggered by HP in the gastric mucosa and the subsequent signaling pathways. The findings are expected to help in the formulation of new targeted drugs for preventing the occurrence of early gastric cancer and its progression to middle and advanced cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xu Shu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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12
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Mahjabeen I, Rizwan M, Fareen G, Waqar Ahmed M, Farooq Khan A, Akhtar Kayani M. Mitochondrial sirtuins genetic variations and gastric cancer risk: Evidence from retrospective observational study. Gene 2022; 807:145951. [PMID: 34500051 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The purpose of the present study was to analyze the role of selected polymorphisms of SIRT3 and SIRT5 in gastric carcinogenesis. METHODS For this study, 500 blood samples of GC patients and 500 blood samples of healthy individuals were collected. Six selected polymorphisms of mitochondrial sirtuins were analyzed for analysis using Tetra-Arms PCR followed by DNA sequencing. RESULTS Mutant allele frequencies of selected polymorphisms [rs3782116 (p < 0.0001), rs6598072 (p < 0.0001) and rs11246020 (p < 0.0001), rs938222 (p = 0.0136), rs3757261 (p = 0.0005) and rs2841511 (p = 0.0015)] were observed significant higher in GC patients vs controls. Haplotype analysis was performed, and 51 haplotypes were generated using haploview software. Among these haplotypes, eleven haplotypes were found associated with a significantly increased risk of GC. Furthermore, SNP-SNP interaction showed a significant correlation between studied SNPs and GC risk. Kaplan Meier analysis showed that mutant allele frequencies of selected polymorphisms are linked with a significant decrease in survival of GC patients CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that selected SNPs may be associated with enhanced risk of GC and hence can be potential prognostic markers for prognosis and predisposition of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishrat Mahjabeen
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road Tarlai Kalan, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road Tarlai Kalan, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Gul Fareen
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road Tarlai Kalan, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Malik Waqar Ahmed
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road Tarlai Kalan, Islamabad, Pakistan; Pakistan Institute of Rehabilitation Sciences (PIRS), Isra University Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Mahmood Akhtar Kayani
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road Tarlai Kalan, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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13
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Carlosama-Rosero YH, Acosta-Astaiza CP, Sierra-Torres CH, Bolaños-Bravo HJ. Helicobacter pylori genotypes associated with gastric cancer and dysplasia in Colombian patients. REVISTA DE GASTROENTEROLOGÍA DE MÉXICO (ENGLISH EDITION) 2021; 87:181-187. [PMID: 34656500 DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmxen.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Colombia has high incidence levels of gastric cancer that can be explained by the genetic variability of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Our aim was to establish the relation of the H. pylori CagA and VacA genotypes to dysplasia and gastric cancer, in a high-risk population. MATERIAL AND METHODS A case-control study was conducted on 202 patients from a high-risk cancer zone. Patients with dysplasia and gastric cancer (cases) and patients with nonatrophic gastritis (controls) were included. Endoscopic sampling and histologic classification were carried out according to the Sydney system and the Lauren classification. Genetic information was obtained through polymerase chain reaction on paraffin blocks. The measures of association of the variables of interest were evaluated in bivariate and multivariate models. A P<0.05 was considered statistically significant and the SPSS version 25 program was employed. RESULTS Age above 50 years (OR: 23.76; CI: 8.40-67.17; P=0.000) and the VacA s1m1 genotype (OR: 6.18; CI: 1.25-30.51; P=0.025) were associated with higher risk for developing dysplasia and gastric cancer. The CagA+ genotype was not found to be a risk factor for developing those pathologies (OR: 1.02; CI: 0.39-2.62; P=0.965). CONCLUSIONS The H. pylori VacA genotypes are markers for the development of gastric cancer. That information could be used to create a risk index in a predictive model to optimize the healthcare of higher-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Carlosama-Rosero
- Grupo Interdisciplinario de Investigación en Salud-Enfermedad, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Pasto, Colombia.
| | - C P Acosta-Astaiza
- Grupo de Investigación en Genética Humana y Aplicada, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia
| | - C H Sierra-Torres
- Grupo de Investigación en Genética Humana y Aplicada, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia
| | - H J Bolaños-Bravo
- Grupo de Investigación en Genética Humana y Aplicada, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia
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14
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Kunovsky L, Dite P, Jabandziev P, Dolina J, Vaculova J, Blaho M, Bojkova M, Dvorackova J, Uvirova M, Kala Z, Trna J. Helicobacter pylori infection and other bacteria in pancreatic cancer and autoimmune pancreatitis. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13:835-844. [PMID: 34457189 PMCID: PMC8371525 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i8.835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is an infectious agent influencing as much as 50% of the world’s population. It is the causative agent for several diseases, most especially gastric and duodenal peptic ulcer, gastric adenocarcinoma and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma of the stomach. A number of other, extragastric manifestations also are associated with H. pylori infection. These include neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease, demyelinating multiple sclerosis and Parkinson’s disease. There is also evidence for a relationship between H. pylori infection and such dermatological diseases as psoriasis and rosacea as well as a connection with infection and open-angle glaucoma. Generally little is known about the relationship between H. pylori infection and diseases of the pancreas. Most evidence about H. pylori and its potential role in the development of pancreatic diseases concerns pancreatic adenocarcinoma and autoimmune forms of chronic pancreatitis. There is data (albeit not fully consistent) indicating modestly increased pancreatic cancer risk in H. pylori-positive patients. The pathogenetic mechanism of this increase is not yet fully elucidated, but several theories have been proposed. Reduction of antral D-cells in H. pylori-positive patients causes a suppression of somatostatin secretion that, in turn, stimulates increased secretin secretion. That stimulates pancreatic growth and thus increases the risk of carcinogenesis. Alternatively, H. pylori, as a part of microbiome dysbiosis and the so-called oncobiome, is proven to be associated with pancreatic adenocarcinoma development via the promotion of cellular proliferation. The role of H. pylori in the inflammation characteristic of autoimmune pancreatitis seems to be explained by a mechanism of molecular mimicry among several proteins (mostly enzymes) of H. pylori and pancreatic tissue. Patients with autoimmune pancreatitis often show positivity for antibodies against H. pylori proteins. H. pylori, as a part of microbiome dysbiosis, also is viewed as a potential trigger of autoimmune inflammation of the pancreas. It is precisely these relationships (and associated equivocal conclusions) that constitute a center of attention among pancreatologists, immunologists and pathologists. In order to obtain clear and valid results, more studies on sufficiently large cohorts of patients are needed. The topic is itself sufficiently significant to draw the interest of clinicians and inspire further systematic research. Next-generation sequencing could play an important role in investigating the microbiome as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lumir Kunovsky
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno 62500, Czech Republic
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Dite
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno 62500, Czech Republic
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava 70800, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava 70300, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Jabandziev
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno 61300, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Dolina
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Vaculova
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Blaho
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava 70800, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava 70300, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Bojkova
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava 70800, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava 70300, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Dvorackova
- Department of Intensive Medicine, Emergency Medicine and Forensic Studies, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava 70800, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava 70300, Czech Republic
| | | | - Zdenek Kala
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Trna
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno 62500, Czech Republic
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno 65653, Czech Republic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Boskovice, Boskovice 68001, Czech Republic
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15
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Aydın EM, Demir TD, Seymen N, Said SS, Oktem-Okullu S, Tiftikci A, Cicek B, Tokat F, Tozun N, Ince U, Sezerman U, Sayi-Yazgan A. The crosstalk between H. pylori virulence factors and the PD1:PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors in progression to gastric cancer. Immunol Lett 2021; 239:1-11. [PMID: 34363898 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2021.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The progression to gastric cancer has been linked to chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Immune checkpoint inhibitors (programmed cell death -1, PD-1; programmed cell death -ligand 1, PD-L1) have a role in cancer immune escape. The relationship between H. pylori virulence factors with PD-1, PD-L1 T helper 1 (Th1), T helper 17 (Th17), and regulatory T cell (Treg) response genes, has not been thoroughly investigated in the development of gastric cancer. Therefore, we evaluated how H. pylori virulence factors influence the expression levels of immune-related genes in the development of gastric immunopathology. METHODS A total of 92 gastric tissues of normal controls and patients with gastritis, gastric ulcer, and gastric cancer were examined for the expression of immune-checkpoint inhibitor genes (PD-1 PD-L1), Th1 (interferon- γ, IFN-γ), Th17 (interleukin- 17, IL-17, Retinoic-acid-receptor- related orphan nuclear receptor gamma t, RORγ-t), and Treg (Forkhead box P3, FOXP3) response genes with quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Furthermore, correlation of H. pylori virulence factors' (cytotoxin-associated gene A, cagA; vacuolating cytotoxin gene A, vacA (s1,s2,m1,m2); blood group antigen-binding adhesin gene A, babA, duodenal ulcer promoting gene A, dupA; the putative neuraminyllactose-binding hemagglutinin homolog, hpaA; neutrophil-activating protein A napA; outer inflammatory protein A, oipA; urease A, ureA; and urease B, ureB) genotypes with a degree of inflammation and density of H. pylori were investigated. Next, the relationship between H. pylori virulence factors and immune-checkpoint inhibitor genes, and T-cell response genes was evaluated. Eventually, a decision tree model was developed to determine the clinical outcome of patients using expression data. RESULTS The intensity of PD-1 and PD-L1 mRNA expression was increased significantly in gastric tissue of patients with gastric ulcer (PD-1: 2.3 fold, p=0.01; PD-L1: 2.1 fold, p=0.004), and gastric cancer (PD-1: 2 fold, p= 0.04; PD-L1: 1.8 fold, p=0.05) compared with control subjects. Also, PD-1: PD-L1 expression was significantly higher in patients with gastritis, who were infected with a marked density of H. pylori compared with its mildly infected counterparts. Furthermore, a novel negative correlation was found between PD-1 (r= -0.43) and PD-L1 (r= -0.42) with FOXP3 in patients with gastritis. CagA-positive H. pylori strain's negative association with PD-L1 expression (r=-0.34) was detected in patients with gastritis. Interestingly, PD-1 mRNA expression correlated positively with vacA s2/m2, in gastritis (r=0.43) and ulcer (r=0.43) patients. Furthermore, PD-1: PDL1 expression negatively correlated with vacA m1/m2 (r=-0.43 for PD-1; r=-0.38 for PD-L1) in gastritis patients. Moreover, an inverse correlation of PDL1 was present with vacA m1 (r=0.52) and vacA s1/m1 (r=0.46) versus vacA m2 (r=-0.44) and vacA m1 (r=0.52) and vacA s1/m2 (r=-0.14) in ulcer patients, respectively. Also, a correlation of vacA m2 (r=-0.47) and vacA s1/s2 (r= 0.45) with PD-1 was detected in ulcer patients. In addition, a novel negative correlation between FOXP3 mRNA levels and napA was shown in patients with gastritis and ulcer (r=-0.59). Finally, a computer-based model that was developed showed that knowing the expression levels of PD-L1, RORγ-t, and vacA s1/m2 would be useful to detect the clinical outcome of a patient. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that PD-1:PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors were increased in gastric pre-cancerous lesions that progress to gastric cancer. Herein, we report the relationship between H. pylori virulence factors and expression of host immune checkpoint inhibitors for diagnostic prediction of gastric malignancies using computer-based models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Merve Aydın
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
| | - Tevriz Dilan Demir
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
| | - Nogayhan Seymen
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Atasehir, Istanbul, 34684, Turkey
| | - Sawsan Sudqi Said
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
| | - Sinem Oktem-Okullu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Atasehir, Istanbul, 34684, Turkey
| | - Arzu Tiftikci
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Atasehir, Istanbul, 34457, Turkey
| | - Bahattin Cicek
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Atasehir, Istanbul, 34457, Turkey
| | - Fatma Tokat
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, 34752, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nurdan Tozun
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Atasehir, Istanbul, 34457, Turkey
| | - Umit Ince
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, 34752, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ugur Sezerman
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Atasehir, Istanbul, 34684, Turkey
| | - Ayca Sayi-Yazgan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey.
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16
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Biernat MM, Wróbel T. Bacterial Infection and Non-Hodgkin B-Cell Lymphoma: Interactions between Pathogen, Host and the Tumor Environment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147372. [PMID: 34298992 PMCID: PMC8305669 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphomas (NHL) are a heterogeneous group of lymphoid neoplasms with complex etiopathology, rich symptomatology, and a variety of clinical courses, therefore requiring different therapeutic approaches. The hypothesis that an infectious agent may initiate chronic inflammation and facilitate B lymphocyte transformation and lymphogenesis has been raised in recent years. Viruses, like EBV, HTLV-1, HIV, HCV and parasites, like Plasmodium falciparum, have been linked to the development of lymphomas. The association of chronic Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection with mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, Borrelia burgdorferi with cutaneous MALT lymphoma and Chlamydophila psittaci with ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma is well documented. Recent studies have indicated that other infectious agents may also be relevant in B-cell lymphogenesis such as Coxiella burnettii, Campylobacter jejuni, Achromobacter xylosoxidans, and Escherichia coli. The aim of the present review is to provide a summary of the current literature on infectious bacterial agents associated with B-cell NHL and to discuss its role in lymphogenesis, taking into account the interaction between infectious agents, host factors, and the tumor environment.
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MESH Headings
- Bacterial Infections/complications
- Bacterial Infections/immunology
- Burkitt Lymphoma/complications
- Burkitt Lymphoma/microbiology
- Burkitt Lymphoma/pathology
- Carcinogenesis/genetics
- Carcinogenesis/immunology
- Carcinogenesis/metabolism
- Helicobacter Infections/complications
- Helicobacter Infections/microbiology
- Helicobacter pylori/pathogenicity
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/genetics
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology
- Humans
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/complications
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/microbiology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/complications
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/microbiology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Tumor Microenvironment/genetics
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
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17
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Abass A, Okano T, Boonyaleka K, Kinoshita-Daitoku R, Yamaoka S, Ashida H, Suzuki T. Effect of low oxygen concentration on activation of inflammation by Helicobacter pylori. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 560:179-185. [PMID: 34000467 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.04.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract of the human body is characterized by a highly unique oxygenation profile, where the oxygen concentration decreases toward the lower tract, not found in other organs. The epithelial cells lining the mucosa where Helicobacter pylori resides exist in a relatively low oxygen environment with a partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) below 58 mm Hg. However, the contribution of hypoxia to H. pylori-induced host immune responses remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the inflammasome activation induced by H. pylori under hypoxic, compared with normoxic, conditions. Our results indicated that the activation of caspase-1 and the subsequent secretion of IL-1β were significantly enhanced in infected macrophages under 1% oxygen, compared with those under a normal 20% oxygen concentration. The proliferation of H. pylori under aerobic conditions was 3-fold higher than under microaerophilic conditions, and the bacterial growth was more dependent on CO2 than on oxygen. Also, we observed that hypoxia-induced cytokine production as well as HIF-1α accumulation were both decreased when murine macrophages were treated with an HIF-1α inhibitor, KC7F2. Furthermore, hypoxia enhanced the phagocytosis of H. pylori in an HIF-1α-dependent manner. IL-1β production was also affected by the HIF-1α inhibitor in a mouse infection model, suggesting the important role of HIF-1α in the host defense system during infection with H. pylori. Our findings provide new insights into the intersection of low oxygen, H. pylori, and inflammation and disclosed how H. pylori under low oxygen tension can aggravate IL-1β secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adiza Abass
- Department of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Infection and Host Response, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tokuju Okano
- Department of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Infection and Host Response, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kotchakorn Boonyaleka
- Department of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Infection and Host Response, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Kinoshita-Daitoku
- Department of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Infection and Host Response, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Infection Microbiology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shoji Yamaoka
- Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ashida
- Department of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Infection and Host Response, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Suzuki
- Department of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Infection and Host Response, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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18
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Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori Infection in a Routine Testing Workflow: Effect of Bacterial Load and Virulence Factors. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10132755. [PMID: 34201588 PMCID: PMC8268826 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10132755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reliable diagnostic methods are mandatory for effective management of Helicobacter pylori infection. Histology and culture are the most common invasive methods in current practice, even if molecular methods are gaining in importance. The performance of these conventional methods varies significantly. We conducted a retrospective study of 1540 adults and 504 children with gastric biopsies taken during endoscopy to assess the impact of bacterial load and the cagA virulence factor on the performance of H. pylori infection testing. The association between virulence and histology findings was also investigated. With 23S rRNA qPCR confirmed by glmM amplification as the gold standard, culture and histology had lower sensitivity, 74.4% and 73.3%, respectively. However, their sensitivity was enhanced (>90%) in biopsies with high bacterial load (qPCR Ct < 30). Positive cagA status of the strain was associated with high bacterial load (94.9%), thus resulting in more frequent positive culture (94.3%) and H. pylori histology detection (91.7%) and more severe lesions on histology (p < 0.001). Conversely, the cagA status of the strains was negative in 110/119 (92.4%) of biopsies with low bacterial load (qPCR Ct < 30), 82/90 (91.1%) with negative H. pylori histology detection and 119/131 (90%) with negative culture findings (p < 0.001). This study highlights the low sensitivity of conventional culture and histology that may lead to false negative diagnosis if used alone. H. pylori quantification associated with cagA genotyping in routine workflow are essential for a sensitive and reliable diagnosis, to identify patients at high risk and to manage eradication therapies.
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19
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Xue Z, Yang H, Su D, Song X, Deng X, Yu C, Sun C, He L, You Y, Gong Y, Fan D, Sun L, Han X, Fan R, Zhang M, Yan X, Qian J, Zhang J. Geographic distribution of the cagA, vacA, iceA, oipA and dupA genes of Helicobacter pylori strains isolated in China. Gut Pathog 2021; 13:39. [PMID: 34130751 PMCID: PMC8207754 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-021-00434-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There are geographic variations in the genotypes of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) cagA, vacA, iceA, oipA and dupA. The aim of the study was to investigate the distribution of these genotypes among H. pylori strains from five regions of China and their association with clinical outcomes. Materials and methods Gastric biopsy specimens were obtained from 348 patients with different gastrointestinal diseases in the five regions of China. The regional distribution was 89 patients from Shandong, 91 from Guangxi, 57 from Hunan, 58 from Qinghai and 53 from Heilongjiang. The presence of cagA, vacA, iceA, oipA and dupA genotypes was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from H. pylori DNA. Results A total of 269 H. pylori isolates were obtained, of which 74 isolates were from Shandong, 78 from Guangxi, 46 from Hunan, 33 from Qinghai and 38 from Heilongjiang. The cagA-positive status was predominant in the five regions. The predominant vacA genotypes were s1c (73.4%), m2 (70.6%) and i1 (92.9%). In strains from Shandong, s1a and m1 were dominant. By contrast, s1c was dominant in Guangxi and i1 was dominant in Hunan and Heilongjiang. The prevalence of m2 subtype in Qinghai (78.8%) was significantly higher than that in other regions (P < 0.05). The predominant iceA genotype was iceA1 and the frequency of iceA1 was significantly more prevalent in Hunan than in other regions (P < 0.05). The oipA status “on” gene was more frequent in Shandong (91.9%) and Guangxi (91%) than in Heilongjiang (71.7%) (P < 0.05). Conversely, the dupA-positive status was less than half in Shandong (31.1%) and Guangxi (15.4%), whereas it was 73.9% in Hunan and 81.8% in Qinghai (P < 0.001). There were no significant associations between the cagA, vacA, iceA, oipA genotypes and clinical outcomes. The dupA-positive strains were more common in peptic ulcer disease (PUD) patients than in non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) patients in Shandong and Guangxi (P < 0.05), but the association was not observed in other geographic regions. Conclusions There was significant geographic diversity of H. pylori genotypes in different regions of China and the presence of dupA gene can be considered as a marker for the development of gastroduodenal diseases. However, the cagA, iceA, vacA and oipA genes cannot be regarded for prediction of the clinical presentation of H. pylori infection in China. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13099-021-00434-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijing Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongxing Su
- The Second Nanning People's Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Xiangfeng Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rushan People's Hospital, Rushan, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Deng
- Yiyang Central Hospital, Yiyang, Hunan, China
| | - Changhong Yu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi Medical University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chunhua Sun
- The People's Hospital of Huzhu Tu Ethnic Autonomous County, Haidong, Qinghai, China
| | - Lihua He
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanhai You
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Dongjie Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiurui Han
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ruyue Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Maojun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaming Qian
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Jianzhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
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20
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Carlosama-Rosero YH, Acosta-Astaiza CP, Sierra-Torres CH, Bolaños-Bravo HJ. Helicobacter pylori genotypes associated with gastric cancer and dysplasia in Colombian patients. REVISTA DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA DE MEXICO (ENGLISH) 2021; 87:S0375-0906(21)00031-8. [PMID: 33789817 DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmx.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Colombia has high incidence levels of gastric cancer that can be explained by the genetic variability of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Our aim was to establish the relation of the H. pylori CagA and VacA genotypes to dysplasia and gastric cancer, in a high-risk population. MATERIAL AND METHODS A case-control study was conducted on 202 patients from a high-risk cancer zone. Patients with dysplasia and gastric cancer (cases) and patients with nonatrophic gastritis (controls) were included. Endoscopic sampling and histologic classification were carried out according to the Sydney system and the Lauren classification. Genetic information was obtained through polymerase chain reaction on paraffin blocks. The measures of association of the variables of interest were evaluated in bivariate and multivariate models. A P<0.05 was considered statistically significant and the SPSS version 25 program was employed. RESULTS Age above 50 years (OR: 23.76; CI: 8.40-67.17; P=0.000) and the VacA s1m1 genotype (OR: 6.18; CI: 1.25-30.51; P=0.025) were associated with higher risk for developing dysplasia and gastric cancer. The CagA+ genotype was not found to be a risk factor for developing those pathologies (OR: 1.02; CI: 0.39-2.62; P=0.965). CONCLUSIONS The H. pylori VacA genotypes are markers for the development of gastric cancer. That information could be used to create a risk index in a predictive model to optimize the healthcare of higher-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Carlosama-Rosero
- Grupo Interdisciplinario de Investigación en Salud-Enfermedad, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Pasto, Colombia.
| | - C P Acosta-Astaiza
- Grupo de Investigación en Genética Humana y Aplicada, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia
| | - C H Sierra-Torres
- Grupo de Investigación en Genética Humana y Aplicada, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia
| | - H J Bolaños-Bravo
- Grupo de Investigación en Genética Humana y Aplicada, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia
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21
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Pereira-Marques J, Ferreira RM, Machado JC, Figueiredo C. The influence of the gastric microbiota in gastric cancer development. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2021; 50-51:101734. [PMID: 33975676 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2021.101734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Colonization of the stomach by Helicobacter pylori is the trigger for a series of gastric mucosal changes that culminate in gastric cancer. Infection with this bacterium is considered the major risk factor for this malignancy. The introduction of high-throughput sequencing technologies coupled to advanced computational pipelines offered an improved understanding of the microbiome, and it is now currently accepted that, besides H. pylori, the stomach harbours a complex microbial community. While it is well established that H. pylori plays a central role in gastric carcinogenesis, the significance of the non-H. pylori microbiota is yet to be clarified. This review will address the state of the art on the relationship between the gastric microbiota and gastric cancer development, and identify areas where additional research is needed before translating microbiome research into preventive and therapeutic strategies to reduce gastric cancer burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Pereira-Marques
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Ipatimup - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rui M Ferreira
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Ipatimup - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Jose C Machado
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Ipatimup - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200 - 319, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ceu Figueiredo
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Ipatimup - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200 - 319, Porto, Portugal.
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22
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Fardad F, Bagheri Valami K, Ansarinejad N, Abbasi B, Khataii Khosroshahi SM, Ramim T. Relationship between weight gain and survival rate in patients with metastatic lung cancer. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2021; 35:22. [PMID: 34169034 PMCID: PMC8214037 DOI: 10.47176/mjiri.35.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lung cancer accounts for about 13% of all cancers and about 60% of patients with lung cancer also experience weight loss during treatment. There seems to be a clear correlation between the therapeutic outcomes of patients based on their weight changes during treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between weight changes during and after treatment and the therapeutic outcomes of a patient with metastatic lung cancer.
Methods: This cohort study was performed on patients with the diagnosis of non-surgical metastatic lung cancer referred to Hematology and Oncology Clinic, Rasoul-e-Akram Hospital. Patients were divided into two groups with a weight gain of more than 5% and a weight gain of 5% and less. The information was entered into the SPSS version 21 software. In the descriptive analysis, mean and standard deviation (SD) were used. To compare quantitative variables, independent samples t-test, Mann-Whitney, chi-square or Fisher exact tests were used to compare qualitative variables and correlation test was used to determine the correlation between quantitative data. Survival curves were used to show differences in two groups of studies. A regression model was used to calculate the hazard ratio. The significance level was less than 0.05.
Results: Sixty patients, including 40 males (66.7%) and 20 females (33.3%) were studied. The mean age of patients was 62.22±9.00 years (43-83 years). The mean weight changes in the patients were -1.28±6.11 kg (-16 to 16kg). Forty-seven patients (78.3%) had weight gain less than 5%. There was no significant difference in overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) according to weight gain.
Conclusion: Finally, the findings of the study showed that, despite the fact that PFS and OS in the weight gain group were greater than 5% of the original weight; the difference was not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshid Fardad
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kobra Bagheri Valami
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Ansarinejad
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Abbasi
- Department of Medical Genetic, Medical Biotechnology Ins., National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Tayeb Ramim
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cancer Pharmacogenetics Research Group (CPGRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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23
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Deng L, He XY, Tang B, Xiang Y, Yue JJ. An improved quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction technology for Helicobacter pylori detection in stomach tissue and its application value in clinical precision testing. BMC Biotechnol 2020; 20:33. [PMID: 32571272 PMCID: PMC7310109 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-020-00624-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a serious human health threat. The empiric H. pylori treatment paradigm guided by traditional testing technologies has led to antibiotic resistance. Here, we improved the qPCR method to provide technical support for precision H. pylori diagnosis and treatment. METHODS Two pairs of primers and probes targeting the glmM gene were designed to detect H. pylori, and a multiplex qPCR method was established for virulence factor detection. Then, a rapid urease test (RUT), culturing and qPCR were performed on 141 specimens collected from Xinqiao Hospital of China in 2017 to evaluate the qPCR detection capability. Finally, the H. pylori infectious amount and virulence genes were detected by qPCR. RESULTS 1. The improved qPCR method which used two pairs of primers had a higher detection rate (100%) and better accuracy (p = 0.000), compared with the qPCR using a pair of primers. It also had better consistency with the bacterial culture than with RUT (Kappa =0.440, p < 0.001). 2. The H. pylori infectious amount was significantly positively associated with gastritis in corpus (p = 0.003) and gastric erosion (p = 0.043). The H. pylori infectious amount in gastric precancerous patients was significantly lower than that in H. pylori-positive patients (p < 0.05), and the infectious H. pylori-vacA s1+ amount was significantly greater than that of H. pylori-vacA s1- (p < 0.05). 3. The vacA s1 frequency was significantly higher than that of vacA m1/cagA+/babA2+ in chronic superficial gastritis (p = 0.000), peptic ulcer (p = 0.037) and gastric erosion (p = 0.009). The H. pylori-vacA+/cagA+/babA2+ frequency showed a significant positive correlation (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The H. pylori infectious amount and presence of H. pylori virulence factors showed complex correlations with gastric disease occurrence and development. The improved qPCR with good detection performance can be used for quantitative H. pylori detection and testing for the virulence genes vacA s1, vacA m1, cagA and babA2 simultaneously. These findings will provide valuable information for disease diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Deng
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yi He
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Tang
- Department of Digestive Disease Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (General Hospital), Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan-Juan Yue
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Bakhti SZ, Latifi-Navid S, Safaralizadeh R. Helicobacter pylori-related risk predictors of gastric cancer: The latest models, challenges, and future prospects. Cancer Med 2020; 9:4808-4822. [PMID: 32363738 PMCID: PMC7333836 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is known as an important determinant of preneoplastic lesions or gastric cancer (GC) risk. The bacterial genotypes may determine the clinical outcomes. However, the evidence for these associations has varied between and within continents, and the actual effect of each gene and corresponding allelic variants are still debatable. In recent years, two new models have been proposed to predict the risk of GC; the phylogeographic origin of H. pylori strains and a disrupted co-evolution between H. pylori and its human host, which potentially explain the geographic differences in the risk of H. pylori-related cancer. However, these models and earlier ones based on putative virulence factors of the bacterium may not fully justify differences in the incidence of GC, reflecting that new theories should be developed and examined. Notably, the new findings also support the role of ancestry-specific germline alteration in contributing to the ethnic/population differences in cancer risk. Moreover the high and low incidence areas of GC have shown differences in transmission ecology, largely affecting the composition of H. pylori populations. As a new hypothesis, it is proposed that any high-risk population may have its own specific risk loci (or variants) as well as new H. pylori strains with national/maybe regional gene pools that should be considered. The latter is seen in the Americas where the rapid evolution of distinct H. pylori subpopulations has been occurred. It is therefore proposed that the deep sequencing of both H. pylori and its human host is simultaneously performed in GC patients and age-sex-matched controls from high-risk areas. The expression and functional activities of the identified new determinants of GC must then be assessed and matched with human and pathogen ancestry, because some of risk loci are ancestry-specific. In addition, potential study-level covariates and moderator variables (eg physical conditions, life styles, gastric microbiome, etc) linked to causal relationships, and their impact, should be recognized and controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Zahra Bakhti
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Saeid Latifi-Navid
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Reza Safaralizadeh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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25
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Osadchuk AM, Davydkin IL, Gricenko TA, Osadchuk MA. [General and particular issues of etiopathogenesis of peptic ulcer and gastric cancer: current status of the problem]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2020; 92:97-103. [PMID: 32598726 DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2020.02.000485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of peptic ulcer (PU) and gastric cancer (GC) is the result of the interaction of various internal and external factors. Moreover, if the role ofHelicobacter pylori(H. pylori) in the development of diseases of the stomach is fully established, the significance of many other factors continues to be discussed. Serious controversy is caused by the participation of various strains ofH. pyloriin the development of PU and GC. First of all, these are Vac- and Cag-positive strains ofH. pylori. The role of genetic human polymorphism in the development of this pathology is debatable. Especially the interleukin genes and necrotizing tumor factor alpha. The role of environmental factors in the formation of PU and GC is not fully understood. So, the role of alcohol, occupational hazards and drugs in the development of these diseases continues to be discussed. Further study of risk factors for various diseases of the stomach will optimize their prevention and treatment. The review presents a modern view of individual issues in the pathogenesis of PU and GC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - M A Osadchuk
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
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26
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Mechanisms of the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Tumor Microenvironment in Helicobacter pylori-Induced Gastric Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9041055. [PMID: 32340207 PMCID: PMC7225971 DOI: 10.3390/cells9041055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most common human pathogens, affecting half of the world’s population. Approximately 20% of the infected patients develop gastric ulcers or neoplastic changes in the gastric stroma. An infection also leads to the progression of epithelial–mesenchymal transition within gastric tissue, increasing the probability of gastric cancer development. This paper aims to review the role of H. pylori and its virulence factors in epithelial–mesenchymal transition associated with malignant transformation within the gastric stroma. The reviewed factors included: CagA (cytotoxin-associated gene A) along with induction of cancer stem-cell properties and interaction with YAP (Yes-associated protein pathway), tumor necrosis factor α-inducing protein, Lpp20 lipoprotein, Afadin protein, penicillin-binding protein 1A, microRNA-29a-3p, programmed cell death protein 4, lysosomal-associated protein transmembrane 4β, cancer-associated fibroblasts, heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF), matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7), and cancer stem cells (CSCs). The review summarizes the most recent findings, providing insight into potential molecular targets and new treatment strategies for gastric cancer.
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27
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Altayar O, Davitkov P, Shah SC, Gawron AJ, Morgan D, Turner K, Mustafa RA. AGA Technical Review on Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia-Epidemiology and Risk Factors. Gastroenterology 2020; 158:732-744.e16. [PMID: 31816301 PMCID: PMC7425600 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Osama Altayar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Perica Davitkov
- VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System,Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Shailja C. Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Andrew J. Gawron
- Salt Lake City Specialty Care Center of Innovation & Gastroenterology Section, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Douglas Morgan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kevin Turner
- University of Texas Southwestern College of Medicine, Dallas, TX, USA.,Inform Diagnostics Research Institute, Irving, TX, USA
| | - Reem A. Mustafa
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Aguilera Matos I, Diaz Oliva SE, Escobedo AA, Villa Jiménez OM, Velazco Villaurrutia YDC. Helicobacter pylori infection in children. BMJ Paediatr Open 2020; 4:e000679. [PMID: 32818155 PMCID: PMC7402006 DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2020-000679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection affects more than half of the world population and it occurs generally in childhood. It is associated with gastroduodenal ulcer, gastric atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, gastric adenocarcinoma and lymphoid tissue-associated lymphoma. It is difficult to eradicate this bacterium due to its high antimicrobial resistance. In children, the infection is asymptomatic in the majority of cases and complications are less common. Probable inverse relationships with allergic diseases and inflammatory bowel diseases are being studied. These reasons mean that the decision to diagnose and treat the infection in children is only considered in specific circumstances in which it provides true benefits. This review focuses on some current considerations regarding epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of childhood infection, emphasising outcomes and treatment schemes in children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Angel A Escobedo
- Epidemiology, Institute of Gastroenterology, Havana City, Havana, Cuba
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29
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Unique constellations of five polymorphic sites of Helicobacter pylori vacA and cagA status associated with risk of gastric cancer. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 79:104167. [PMID: 31891782 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.104167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori possesses virulence genes that are involved in the pathogenesis of the bacterium. There are little data regarding all constellations of five polymorphic sites of H. pylori vacA and cagA status. We therefore aimed to i) find any associations between H. pylori vacA alleles (s1/s2, m1/m2, i1/i2, d1/d2, and c1/c2) and cagA status and ii) determine the frequency of all five-genotype combinations of the vacA alleles with and without cagA gene, and their associations with risk of gastric cancer (GC). A total of 290 Iranian H. pylori isolates from gastrointestinal patients were obtained successfully by the cultivation of biopsies and genotyped. The patients included 144/290 with non-atrophic gastritis (NAG), 57/290 with peptic ulcer disease (PUD), and 89/290 with GC. We found that each of the vacA m1-, i1-, d1-, and c1-genotypes was significantly associated with cagA+ status. The odds ratio(OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was 2.316 (1.241-4.301) for cagA+/vacA m1, 2.764 (1.540-4.960) for cagA+/vacA i1, 4.288 (2.305-7.977) for cagA+/vacA d1, and 2.639 (1.488-4.680) for cagA+/vacA c1, respectively. In this study, 43 five- and six-genotype combinations were found among 224 strains. The highest frequencies were observed for vacA s1m2i2d2c2 (85/224, 37.9%), s1m2i2d2c2/cagA (48/222, 21.6%), s1m1i1d1c1 (40/224, 17.9%) and s1m1i1d1c1/cagA (35/222, 15.8%). Logistic regression analysis showed that vacA s1m1i1d1c1, s1m2i1d2c1, s1m2i2d2c1, and s1m2i2d2c1/cagA had a high prevalence in GC patients compared to non-atrophic gastritis patients (p < .05). The ORs and 95% CI were 2.433 (1.070-5.531), 11.524 (1.253-106.023), 4.200 (1.261-13.993), and 6.263 (1.494-26.256), respectively. These results were also confirmed when the controls were non-tumors (NAG/PUD). We found novel five- and six-genotype combinations associated with the risk of GC. These associations seem to be strongly dependent on the presence of c1-type of vacA. Therefore, analysis of all combined genotypes of the vacA alleles and cagA status may play a significant role in determining H. pylori-related clinical outcomes.
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Al-Sabbagh WRM, Yahya AQ, Alsafi RA. Are Histopathological Changes of H. pylori Infection in Young Dyspeptic Patients Necessitate Endoscopy? Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:3211-3215. [PMID: 31949518 PMCID: PMC6953954 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori is an important gastrointestinal infective bacteria with many serious complications including gastric erosions and ulceration, duodenal ulcer, gastric carcinoma and MALT gastric lymphoma. The gastric biopsy is commonly performed in H. pylori-positive dyspeptic individuals, and many previous researchers studied the histopathological features of infected gastric biopsies however little previous studies focused on the histopathological findings in young population in comparison to the older one. AIM: To make a focus on the histopathological effects of H. pylori infection in young patients compared with the older one and predicts the need for endoscopy in this population, also to estimates the prevalence of infection in Iraqi patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: the sample for this study is 180 patients in total, they attended Marjan medical city in Iraq for dyspepsia of more than 3 months and prepared for OGD. Patients asked for their permission to do immunological tests for H. pylori. Both serology for H. pylori antibodies and stool for antigen tests are used, and the case is included in the study only if both tests were positive, after OGD, the gastric biopsies are processed and examined histopathologically. RESULTS: Normal gastric biopsy is the most common histopathological finding in young (< 25 years) patients (75%) while chronic atrophic gastritis is the most common one in patients > 25 years age (57%). The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in dyspeptic patients was 73.3%, the correlation between infection and sex was insignificant (p-value 0.06), and no significant correlation between infection and age (p-value 0.07) was concluded. CONCLUSION: H. pylori-related histopathological changes of gastric mucosa in young (< 25 years) are commonly mild and does not necessitate endoscopy at this age unless there are alarming signs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alaa Qasim Yahya
- Department of Pathology, Alkindy College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
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Šterbenc A, Jarc E, Poljak M, Homan M. Helicobacter pylori virulence genes. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:4870-4884. [PMID: 31543679 PMCID: PMC6737321 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i33.4870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most important human pathogens, infecting approximately half of the global population. Despite its high prevalence, only a subset of H. pylori infected individuals develop serious gastroduodenal pathology. The pathogenesis of H. pylori infection and disease outcome is thus thought to be mediated by an intricate interplay between host, environmental and bacterial virulence factors. H. pylori has adapted to the harsh milieu of the human stomach through possession of various virulence genes that enable survival of the bacteria in the acidic environment, movement towards the gastric epithelium, and attachment to gastric epithelial cells. These virulence factors enable successful colonization of the gastric mucosa and sustain persistent H. pylori infection, causing chronic inflammation and tissue damage, which may eventually lead to the development of peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. Numerous studies have focused on the prevalence and role of putative H. pylori virulence genes in disease pathogenesis. While several virulence factors with various functions have been identified, disease associations appear to be less evident, especially among different study populations. This review presents key findings on the most important H. pylori virulence genes, including several bacterial adhesins and toxins, in children and adults, and focuses on their prevalence, clinical significance and potential relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Šterbenc
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Erika Jarc
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Mario Poljak
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Homan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University Children’s Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
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Differential Helicobacter pylori Plasticity in the Gastric Niche of Subjects at Increased Gastric Cancer Risk. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8020065. [PMID: 31109082 PMCID: PMC6630233 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8020065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) represents an independent risk factor for Gastric Cancer (GC). First Degree Relatives (FDR) of GC subjects and Autoimmune Gastritis (AG) patients are both at increased risk for GC. H. pylori genetic heterogeneity within the gastric niche of FDR and AG individuals has been little explored. To understand whether they exploit an increased H. pylori stability and virulence, 14 AG, 25 FDR, 39 GC and 13 dyspeptic patients (D) were investigated by a cultural PCR-based approach characterizing single colonies-forming-units. We chose three loci within the Cytotoxin-associated gene-A Pathogenicity Island (CagPAI) (cagA,cagE,virB11), vacA, homA and homB as markers of virulence with reported association to GC. Inflammatory/precancerous lesions were staged according to Sydney System. When compared to D, FDR, similarly to GC patients, were associated to higher atrophy (OR = 6.29; 95% CI:1.23-31.96 in FDR; OR = 7.50; 95% CI:1.67-33.72 in GC) and a lower frequency of mixed infections (OR = 0.16; 95% CI:0.03-0.81 in FDR; OR = 0.10; 95% CI:0.02-0.48 in GC). FDR presented also an increased neutrophil infiltration (OR = 7.19; 95% CI:1.16-44.65). Both FDR and GC carried a higher proportion of CagPAI+vacAs1i1mx+homB+ profiles (OR = 2.71; 95% CI: 1.66-4.41 and OR = 3.43; 95% CI: 2.16-5.44, respectively). Conversely, AG patients presented a lower frequency of subtypes carrying a stable CagPAI and vacAs1i1mx. These results underline different H. pylori plasticity in FDR and AG individuals, and thus, a different host-bacterium interaction capacity that should be considered in the context of eradication therapies.
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Genetic Polymorphisms in Inflammatory and Other Regulators in Gastric Cancer: Risks and Clinical Consequences. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2019; 421:53-76. [PMID: 31123885 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-15138-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with the development of a chronic inflammatory response, which may induce peptic ulcers, gastric cancer (GC), and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Chronic H. pylori infection promotes the genetic instability of gastric epithelial cells and interferes with the DNA repair systems in host cells. Colonization of the stomach with H. pylori is an important cause of non-cardia GC and gastric MALT lymphoma. The reduction of GC development in patients who underwent anti-H. pylori eradication schemes has also been well described. Individual susceptibility to GC development depends on the host's genetic predisposition, H. pylori virulence factors, environmental conditions, and geographical determinants. Biological determinants are urgently sought to predict the clinical course of infection in individuals with confirmed H. pylori infection. Possible candidates for such biomarkers include genetic aberrations such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) found in various cytokines/growth factors (e.g., IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A/B, IFN-γ, TNF, TGF-β) and their receptors (IL-RN, TGFR), innate immunity receptors (TLR2, TLR4, CD14, NOD1, NOD2), enzymes involved in signal transduction cascades (PLCE1, PKLR, PRKAA1) as well as glycoproteins (MUC1, PSCA), and DNA repair enzymes (ERCC2, XRCC1, XRCC3). Bacterial determinants related to GC development include infection with CagA-positive (particularly with a high number of EPIYA-C phosphorylation motifs) and VacA-positive isolates (in particular s1/m1 allele strains). The combined genotyping of bacterial and host determinants suggests that the accumulation of polymorphisms favoring host and bacterial features increases the risk for precancerous and cancerous lesions in patients.
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Pereira-Marques J, Ferreira RM, Pinto-Ribeiro I, Figueiredo C. Helicobacter pylori Infection, the Gastric Microbiome and Gastric Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1149:195-210. [PMID: 31016631 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
After a long period during which the stomach was considered as an organ where microorganisms could not thrive, Helicobacter pylori was isolated in vitro from gastric biopsies, revolutionising the fields of Microbiology and Gastroenterology. Since then, and with the introduction of high-throughput sequencing technologies that allowed deep characterization of microbial communities, a growing body of knowledge has shown that the stomach contains a diverse microbial community, which is different from that of the oral cavity and of the intestine. Gastric cancer is a heterogeneous disease that is the end result of a cascade of events arising in a small fraction of patients colonized with H. pylori. In addition to H. pylori infection and to multiple host and environmental factors that influence disease development, alterations to the composition and function of the normal gastric microbiome, also known as dysbiosis, may also contribute to malignancy. Chronic inflammation of the mucosa in response to H. pylori may alter the gastric environment, paving the way to the growth of a dysbiotic gastric bacterial community. This dysbiotic microbiome may promote the development of gastric cancer by sustaining inflammation and/or inducing genotoxicity. This chapter summarizes what is known about the gastric microbiome in the context of H. pylori-associated gastric cancer, introducing the emerging dimension of the microbiome into the pathogenesis of this highly incident and deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Pereira-Marques
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Ipatimup - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui M Ferreira
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Ipatimup - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ines Pinto-Ribeiro
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Ipatimup - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ceu Figueiredo
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- Ipatimup - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Del Moral-Hernández O, Castañón-Sánchez CA, Reyes-Navarrete S, Martínez-Carrillo DN, Betancourt-Linares R, Jiménez-Wences H, de la Peña S, Román-Román A, Hernández-Sotelo D, Fernández-Tilapa G. Multiple infections by EBV, HCMV and Helicobacter pylori are highly frequent in patients with chronic gastritis and gastric cancer from Southwest Mexico: An observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e14124. [PMID: 30653141 PMCID: PMC6370051 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000014124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The chronic inflammation and damage to the gastric epithelium induced by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) are the main risk factors for gastric cancer development. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) induce chronic inflammation and have been found in gastric tumors. The objectives this observational study were to determine the frequency of multiple infections by Helicobacter pylori, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and to relate the infection by EBV and HCMV with H. pylori vacA/cagA genotypes in patients with chronic gastritis or gastric cancer. DNA from H. pylori, EBV and HCMV was detected by PCR in biopsies from 106 Mexican patients with chronic gastritis and 32 from gastric cancer. The cagA status and the vacA genotypes of H. pylori were determined by PCR. In chronic gastritis and gastric cancer EBV was found in 69.8% and 87.5%, HCMV in 52.8% and 53.1%, and H. pylori in 48.1% and 40.6%, respectively. In chronic gastritis, 53% of H. pylori patients were EBV and 33% were both EBV/HCMV; in gastric cancer, 92.3% of H. pylori-infected individuals were EBV and 46.1% were EVB/HCMV. All the intestinal- and mixed-type tumors and the 83.3% of diffuse-type tumors were EBV. No significant differences were found between single infections or coinfections with the diagnosis or the cancer type. The H. pylori genotypes were not related to EBV or HCMV infection. The frequency of dual infections by H. pylori, EBV and HCMV is higher in patients from southwest Mexico than other populations. It is likely that these pathogens act synergistically to induce inflammation and gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Del Moral-Hernández
- Laboratory of Virology and Epigenetics of Cancer, Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero
| | | | | | | | | | - Hilda Jiménez-Wences
- Laboratory of Clinical Research, Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero
| | - Sol de la Peña
- Postdoctoral Fellow CONACYT in Laboratory of Clinical Research, Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero
| | - Adolfo Román-Román
- Laboratory of Bacteriology Research, Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Daniel Hernández-Sotelo
- Laboratory of Virology and Epigenetics of Cancer, Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero
| | - Gloria Fernández-Tilapa
- Laboratory of Clinical Research, Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero
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Marques MS, Melo J, Cavadas B, Mendes N, Pereira L, Carneiro F, Figueiredo C, Leite M. Afadin Downregulation by Helicobacter pylori Induces Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Gastric Cells. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2712. [PMID: 30473688 PMCID: PMC6237830 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Afadin is a cytoplasmic protein of the adherens junctions, which regulates the formation and stabilization of both the adherens and the tight junctions. Aberrant expression of Afadin has been shown in cancer and its loss has been associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT is characterized by the change from an epithelial to a mesenchymal phenotype, with modifications on the expression of adhesion molecules and acquisition of a migratory and invasive cell behavior. While it is known that Helicobacter pylori disrupts the tight and the adherens junctions and induces EMT, the effect of the bacteria on Afadin is still unknown. The aim of this study was to disclose the effect of H. pylori on Afadin and its impact in the induction of an EMT phenotype in gastric cells. Using two different cell lines, we observed that H. pylori infection decreased Afadin protein levels, independently of CagA, T4SS, and VacA virulence factors. H. pylori infection of cell lines recapitulated several EMT features, displacing and downregulating multiple proteins from cell–cell junctions, and increasing the expression of ZEB1, Vimentin, Slug, N-cadherin, and Snail. Silencing of Afadin by RNAi promoted delocalization of junctional proteins from the cell–cell contacts, increased paracellular permeability, and decreased transepithelial electrical resistance, all compatible with impaired junctional integrity. Afadin silencing also led to increased expression of the EMT marker Snail, and to the formation of actin stress fibers, together with increased cell motility and invasion. Finally, and in line with our in vitro data, the gastric mucosa of individuals infected with H. pylori showed decrease/loss of Afadin membrane staining at cell–cell contacts significantly more frequently than uninfected individuals. In conclusion, Afadin is downregulated by H. pylori infection in vitro and in vivo, and its downregulation leads to the emergence of EMT and to the acquisition of an aggressive phenotype in gastric cells, which can contribute to gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Sardinha Marques
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Ipatimup - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Melo
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Ipatimup - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Cavadas
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Ipatimup - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Mendes
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Ipatimup - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luísa Pereira
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Ipatimup - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Carneiro
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Ipatimup - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ceu Figueiredo
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Ipatimup - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marina Leite
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Ipatimup - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Companioni O, Bonet C, García N, Ramírez-Lázaro MJ, Lario S, Mendoza J, Adrados MM, Poves E, Espinosa L, Pozo-Kreilinger JJ, Ortega L, Bujanda L, Cosme A, Ferrández A, Muñoz G, Cuatrecasas M, Elizalde I, Andreu V, Paules MJ, Madrigal B, Barrio J, Berdasco M, Calvet X, Sanz-Anquela JM, Gisbert JP, González CA, Sala N. Genetic variation analysis in a follow-up study of gastric cancer precursor lesions confirms the association of MUC2
variants with the evolution of the lesions and identifies a significant association with NFKB1
and CD14. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:2777-2786. [PMID: 30171605 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Osmel Companioni
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program; Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)-IDIBELL; Barcelona Spain
| | - Catalina Bonet
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program; Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)-IDIBELL; Barcelona Spain
| | - Nadia García
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program; Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)-IDIBELL; Barcelona Spain
- Translational Research Laboratory; Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)-IDIBELL; Barcelona Spain
| | - María José Ramírez-Lázaro
- Departament of Medicine, Digestive Diseases Service; Institut Universitari Parc Taulí, Sabadell, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD); Spain
| | - Sergio Lario
- Departament of Medicine, Digestive Diseases Service; Institut Universitari Parc Taulí, Sabadell, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD); Spain
| | - Jorge Mendoza
- Department of Gastroenterology; Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP) and CIBEREHD; Madrid Spain
| | - Mª Magdalena Adrados
- Department of Pathology; Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, IIS-IP; Madrid, Spain
| | - Elvira Poves
- Department of Gastroenterology; Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias; Alcalá de Henares Spain
| | - Laura Espinosa
- Department of Gastroenterology; Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias; Alcalá de Henares Spain
| | | | - Luís Ortega
- Department of Pathology; Hospital Clínico San Carlos; Madrid Spain
| | - Luis Bujanda
- Department of Pathology and Hospital Donostia/Instituto Biodonostia; Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), and CIBEREHD; San Sebastián Spain
| | - Angel Cosme
- Department of Gastroenterology; Hospital Donostia/Instituto Biodonostia, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), and CIBEREHD; San Sebastián Spain
| | - Angel Ferrández
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa Zaragoza, and CIBEREHD; Spain
| | - Guillermo Muñoz
- Department of Pathology; Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, and CIBEREHD; Spain
| | - Miriam Cuatrecasas
- Department of Pathology; Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS and CIBEREHD, and Universitat de Barcelona; Spain
| | - Ignasi Elizalde
- Department of Gastroenterology; Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS and CIBEREHD; Spain
| | - Victoria Andreu
- Department of Gastroenterology; Hospital de Viladecans; Spain
| | - Mª José Paules
- Department of Pathology; Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat; Spain
| | - Beatriz Madrigal
- Department of Pathology; Hospital Universitario Río Hortega; Valladolid Spain
| | - Jesús Barrio
- Department of Gastroenterology; Hospital Universitario Río Hortega; Valladolid Spain
| | - María Berdasco
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, IDIBELL; Barcelona Spain
| | - Xavier Calvet
- Departament of Medicine, Digestive Diseases Service; Institut Universitari Parc Taulí, Sabadell, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD); Spain
| | - José Miguel Sanz-Anquela
- Department of Pathology; Hospital “Principe de Asturias” and University of Alcalá; Alcalá de Henares Spain
| | - Javier P. Gisbert
- Department of Gastroenterology; Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP) and CIBEREHD; Madrid Spain
| | - Carlos A. González
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program; Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)-IDIBELL; Barcelona Spain
| | - Núria Sala
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program; Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)-IDIBELL; Barcelona Spain
- Translational Research Laboratory; Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)-IDIBELL; Barcelona Spain
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Shi YY, Zhang J, Zhang T, Zhou M, Wang Y, Zhang HJ, Ding SG. Cellular stress and redox activity proteins are involved in gastric carcinogenesis associated with Helicobacter pylori infection expressing high levels of thioredoxin-1. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2018; 19:750-763. [PMID: 30269443 PMCID: PMC6194355 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1700456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is related to the development of gastric diseases. Our previous studies showed that high thioredoxin-1 (Trx1) expression in H. pylori can promote gastric carcinogenesis. To explore the underlying molecular mechanisms, we performed an isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based quantitative proteomic analysis of stomach tissues from Mongolian gerbil infected with H. pylori expressing high and low Trx1. Differences in the profiles of the expressed proteins were analyzed by bioinformatics and verified using Western blot analysis. We found three candidate proteins, 14-3-3α/β, glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), in high Trx1 tissues compared with low Trx1 tissues and concluded that cellular stress and redox activity-related proteins were involved in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer associated with H. pylori Trx1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-yan Shi
- Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Man Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - He-jun Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shi-gang Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
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Chang WL, Yeh YC, Sheu BS. The impacts of H. pylori virulence factors on the development of gastroduodenal diseases. J Biomed Sci 2018; 25:68. [PMID: 30205817 PMCID: PMC6131906 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-018-0466-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although most H. pylori infectors are asymptomatic, some may develop serious disease, such as gastric adenocarcinoma, gastric high-grade B cell lymphoma and peptic ulcer disease. Epidemiological and basic studies have provided evidence that infection with H. pylori carrying specific virulence factors can lead to more severe outcome. The virulence factors that are associated with gastric adenocarcinoma development include the presence, expression intensity and types of cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA, especially EPIYA-D type and multiple copies of EPIYA-C) and type IV secretion system (CagL polymorphism) responsible for its translocation into the host cells, the genotypes of vacuolating cytotoxin A (vacA, s1/i1/m1 type), and expression intensity of blood group antigen binding adhesin (BabA, low-producer or chimeric with BabB). The presence of CagA is also related to gastric high-grade B cell lymphoma occurrence. Peptic ulcer disease is closely associated with cagA-genopositive, vacA s1/m1 genotype, babA2-genopositive (encodes BabA protein), presence of duodenal ulcer promoting gene cluster (dupA cluster) and induced by contact with epithelium gene A1 (iceA1), and expression status of outer inflammatory protein (OipA). The prevalence of these virulence factors is diverse among H. pylori isolated from different geographic areas and ethnic groups, which may explain the differences in disease incidences. For example, in East Asia where gastric cancer incidence is highest worldwide, almost all H. pylori isolates were cagA genopositive, vacA s1/i1/m1 and BabA-expressing. Therefore, selection of appropriate virulence markers and testing methods are important when using them to determine risk of diseases. This review summarizes the evidences of H. pylori virulence factors in relation with gastroduodenal diseases and discusses the geographic differences and appropriate methods of analyzing these virulence markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lun Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Yeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Shyang Sheu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Pucułek M, Machlowska J, Wierzbicki R, Baj J, Maciejewski R, Sitarz R. Helicobacter pylori associated factors in the development of gastric cancer with special reference to the early-onset subtype. Oncotarget 2018; 9:31146-31162. [PMID: 30123433 PMCID: PMC6089554 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, gastric cancer is one of the most common neoplasms and the fourth cause of cancer-related death on the world. Regarding the age at the diagnosis it is divided into early-onset gastric carcinoma (45 years or younger) and conventional gastric cancer (older than 45). Gastric carcinomas are rarely observed in young population and rely mostly on genetic factors, therefore provide the unique model to study genetic and environmental alternations. The latest research on early-onset gastric cancer are trying to explain molecular and genetic basis, because young patients are less exposed to environmental factors predisposing to cancer. In the general population, Helicobacter pylori, has been particularly associated with intestinal subtype of gastric cancers. The significant association of Helicobacter pylori infection in young patients with gastric cancers suggests that the bacterium has an etiologic role in both diffuse and intestinal subtypes of early-onset gastric cancers. In this paper we would like to ascertain the possible role of Helicobacter pylori infection in the development of gastric carcinoma in young patients. The review summarizes recent literature on early-onset gastric cancers with special reference to Helicobacter pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ryszard Wierzbicki
- 2 Department of Surgery with Trauma, Orthopaedic and Urological Subunit, Independent Public Health Care Center of the Ministry of Interior and Administration in Lublin, Poland
- 3 Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek Baj
- 1 Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Robert Sitarz
- 1 Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
- 2 Department of Surgery with Trauma, Orthopaedic and Urological Subunit, Independent Public Health Care Center of the Ministry of Interior and Administration in Lublin, Poland
- 4 Department of Surgery, St. John's Cancer Center, Lublin, Poland
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Gullo I, Devezas V, Baptista M, Garrido L, Castedo S, Morais R, Wen X, Rios E, Pinheiro J, Pinto-Ribeiro I, Ferreira RM, Preto J, Santos-Antunes J, Marques M, Campos M, Almeida F, Espinheira MDC, Amil Dias J, Figueiredo C, Oliveira C, Trindade E, Carneiro F. Phenotypic heterogeneity of hereditary diffuse gastric cancer: report of a family with early-onset disease. Gastrointest Endosc 2018; 87:1566-1575. [PMID: 29454568 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The time course for the development of clinically significant hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) is unpredictable. Little is known about the progression from preclinical, indolent lesions to widely invasive, aggressive phenotypes. Gastroendoscopy often fails to detect early lesions, and risk-reducing/prophylactic total gastrectomy (PTG) is the only curative approach. We present an HDGC family with early-onset disease in which clinical and histologic findings provided insight into the understanding of different HDGC phenotypes. METHODS The proband was diagnosed at age 18 years with widely invasive, metastatic DGC. CDH1 genetic testing identified a pathogenic, germline CDH1 variant (c.1901C>T, p.Ala634Val). Thirty family members were tested, and 15 CDH1 carriers were identified. RESULTS Six family members had PTG, with negative preoperative workup. The proband's 14-year-old sister is the youngest patient, reported to date, to have PTG after negative preoperative biopsy sampling. Intramucosal HDGC foci were detected in all PTG specimens (1-33). In contrast to the "indolent" phenotype of these foci, the aggressive DGC from the proband showed pleomorphic cells, absent E-cadherin expression, increased proliferation (Ki-67 index), and activation of oncogenic events (p53, pSrc and pStat3 overexpression). All family members had Helicobacter pylori gastritis. Cag-A-positive strains were detected in all specimens, except in the proband's sister. CONCLUSIONS HDGC is a heterogeneous disease regarding clinical behavior, endoscopic findings, histopathologic features, and immunophenotypic/molecular profile. The presence of bizarre, pleomorphic cells in endoscopic biopsy specimens is suggestive of advanced disease and should prompt clinical intervention. The involvement of a full multidisciplinary team is essential for the management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Gullo
- Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Institute for Research Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vitor Devezas
- Department of General Surgery, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of General Surgery, High Risk Consultation of Digestive Tumors, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Baptista
- Department of General Surgery, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of General Surgery, High Risk Consultation of Digestive Tumors, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luzia Garrido
- Oncogenetic Consultation, Breast Center, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sérgio Castedo
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Institute for Research Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Oncogenetic Consultation, Breast Center, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Genetics, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Morais
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Xiaogang Wen
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Institute for Research Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Rios
- Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Institute for Research Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Pinheiro
- Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Pinto-Ribeiro
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Institute for Research Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui M Ferreira
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Institute for Research Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - John Preto
- Department of General Surgery, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Margarida Marques
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Miquel Campos
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipe Almeida
- Department of Ethics Committee, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria do Céu Espinheira
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Amil Dias
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Céu Figueiredo
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Institute for Research Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Oliveira
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Institute for Research Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eunice Trindade
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Carneiro
- Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Institute for Research Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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McClain MS, Beckett AC, Cover TL. Helicobacter pylori Vacuolating Toxin and Gastric Cancer. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9100316. [PMID: 29023421 PMCID: PMC5666363 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9100316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori VacA is a channel-forming toxin unrelated to other known bacterial toxins. Most H. pylori strains contain a vacA gene, but there is marked variation among strains in VacA toxin activity. This variation is attributable to strain-specific variations in VacA amino acid sequences, as well as variations in the levels of VacA transcription and secretion. In this review, we discuss epidemiologic studies showing an association between specific vacA allelic types and gastric cancer, as well as studies that have used animal models to investigate VacA activities relevant to gastric cancer. We also discuss the mechanisms by which VacA-induced cellular alterations may contribute to the pathogenesis of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S McClain
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Amber C Beckett
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Timothy L Cover
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA.
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Abdi E, Latifi-Navid S, Zahri S, Yazdanbod A, Safaralizadeh R. Helicobacter pylori genotypes determine risk of non-cardia gastric cancer and intestinal- or diffuse-type GC in Ardabil: A very high-risk area in Northwestern Iran. Microb Pathog 2017; 107:287-292. [PMID: 28390977 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Frequency of the Helicobacter pylori vacA gene polymorphism and its association with gastric cancer (GC) was assessed in Ardabil, a very high-risk area in Northwestern Iran. We determined the presence of the H. pylori 16S rDNA gene and the vacA s-, m-, i-, and d-region genotypes in DNA from fresh gastric biopsies. Patients with GC were classified based on both the anatomic site and the histopathologic type of tumor Of 135 patients, including 57 with non-atrophic gastritis (NAG) and 78 with GC, 103 were infected by H. pylori. The vacA i1 and d1 genotypes were significantly linked to an increased risk of GC, where both cardia (CGC) and non-cardia GC (NCGC) patients were entered into the analysis. The adjusted OR was 9.59 for i1 and 4.39 for d1. Furthermore, i1 was significantly linked to an increased risk of the intestinal-type adenocarcinoma (OR = 14.04) and d1 to the risk of the diffuse-type adenocarcinoma (OR = 7.71). The presence of the m1-type of vacA in combination with i1 or d1 further increased the risk of GC. When the analysis was restricted to NCGC, the adjusted OR for i1 and d1, was 37.52 and 7.17, respectively. No significant association was found between genotypes and the risk of GC in the cardia site of the stomach. It is proposed that the new types of H. pylori vacA, i1 and d1, might be important determinants of NCGC risk in Ardabil. The m1, not independently, but in combination might further define the risk of GC. i1and d1 might also predict the risk of the intestinal- and diffuse-type adenocarcinomas, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmat Abdi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, 56199-11367, Iran
| | - Saeid Latifi-Navid
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, 56199-11367, Iran; Biosciences and Biotechnology Research Center (BBRC), Faculty of Advanced Technologies, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Namin, 56318-51167, Iran.
| | - Saber Zahri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, 56199-11367, Iran
| | - Abbas Yazdanbod
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, 56189-53141, Iran
| | - Reza Safaralizadeh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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Abstract
Gastric cancer is an inflammation-associated malignancy aetiologically related to infection with the bacterium, Helicobacter pylori, which is considered a necessary but insufficient cause. Unless treated, H. pylori causes life-long acute and chronic gastric inflammation resulting in progressive gastric mucosal damage that may result in gastric cancer. The rate of progression from superficial gastritis, to an atrophic metaplastic mucosa, and ultimately to cancer relates to the virulence of the infecting H. pylori as well as host and environmental factors. H. pylori virulence is a reflection of its propensity to cause severe gastric inflammation. Both mucosal inflammation and H. pylori can cause host genomic instability, including dysregulation of DNA mismatch repair, stimulation of expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase, abnormal DNA methylation and dysregulation of micro RNAs, which may result in an accumulation of mutations and loss of normal regulation of cell growth. The difference in cancer risk between the most and least virulent H. pylori strain is only approximately 2-fold. Overall, none of the putative virulence factors identified to date have proved to be disease-specific. The presence, severity, extent and duration of inflammation appear to be the most important factors and current evidence suggests that any host, environmental or bacterial factor that reliably enhances the inflammatory response to the H. pylori infection increases the risk of gastric cancer.
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El Khadir M, Alaoui Boukhris S, Benajah DA, El Rhazi K, Ibrahimi SA, El Abkari M, Harmouch T, Nejjari C, Mahmoud M, Benlemlih M, Bennani B. VacA and CagA Status as Biomarker of Two Opposite End Outcomes of Helicobacter pylori Infection (Gastric Cancer and Duodenal Ulcer) in a Moroccan Population. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170616. [PMID: 28125638 PMCID: PMC5268467 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection induces inflammation of the gastric mucosa, which may progress to precancerous lesions leading to gastric cancer. Pathological determinism is associated to some virulence genes of the bacterium, notably the vacA and cagA genes. The present study aimed to determine the H. pylori genotypes distribution and their association with sex, age and gastric diseases in a Moroccan population. Gastric biopsy was taken from 1079 consenting patients. The specimens were processed by PCR to identify H. pylori and to determine the genotypic profile by PCR characterizing vacA s, vacA m and vacA i regions directly from biopsies H. pylori positives. VacA genotyping revealed the predominance of vacA m2 (53.2%), vacA s2 (52.9%) and vacA i2 (52%). The most virulent vacA alleles (s1, i1 and m1) are more predominant in men (47.3%, 41.9% and 46.1% respectively) than in women (38.3%, 33.3% and 37% respectively). However, the association between vacA genotypes and age did not reach a statistical significant value. Logistic regression analysis results show that vacA i1m1 and vacA i1m2 genotypes were strongly associated with the risk of GC, the Odds Ratio (95% confidence interval) was 29.73 [5.08-173.73] and 9.17 [2.06-40.82] respectively, while vacAs1/cagA+ seems to be a risk factor for DU since it is inversely associated with GC (OR was 0.13 [0.02-0.75]. The results of this study suggest that vacA i1 genotype independently to vacAm status may be of a clinical usefulness and will help to identify patients at a high risk of GC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounia El Khadir
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Biologie Moléculaire, Equipe Micro-organismes, Génomique et Facteurs Oncogènes, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Fès (FMPF), Université Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah (USMBA), Fez, Morocco
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie, Faculté des Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, USMBA, Fez, Morocco
| | - Samia Alaoui Boukhris
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Biologie Moléculaire, Equipe Micro-organismes, Génomique et Facteurs Oncogènes, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Fès (FMPF), Université Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah (USMBA), Fez, Morocco
| | - Dafr-Allah Benajah
- Service d’Hépato Gastro-entérologie, CHU Hassan II de Fès, Equipe Maladies de l’Appareil Digestif, FMPF, Fez, Morocco
- Laboratoire de Pathologie Humaine, Biomédecine et Environnement, FMPF, USMBA, Fez, Morocco
| | - Karima El Rhazi
- Laboratoire d’Epidémiologie et de Recherche Clinique, FMPF, USMBA, Fez, Morocco
| | - Sidi Adil Ibrahimi
- Service d’Hépato Gastro-entérologie, CHU Hassan II de Fès, Equipe Maladies de l’Appareil Digestif, FMPF, Fez, Morocco
- Laboratoire de Pathologie Humaine, Biomédecine et Environnement, FMPF, USMBA, Fez, Morocco
| | - Mohamed El Abkari
- Service d’Hépato Gastro-entérologie, CHU Hassan II de Fès, Equipe Maladies de l’Appareil Digestif, FMPF, Fez, Morocco
- Laboratoire de Pathologie Humaine, Biomédecine et Environnement, FMPF, USMBA, Fez, Morocco
| | | | - Chakib Nejjari
- Laboratoire d’Epidémiologie et de Recherche Clinique, FMPF, USMBA, Fez, Morocco
| | | | - Mohamed Benlemlih
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie, Faculté des Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, USMBA, Fez, Morocco
| | - Bahia Bennani
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Biologie Moléculaire, Equipe Micro-organismes, Génomique et Facteurs Oncogènes, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Fès (FMPF), Université Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah (USMBA), Fez, Morocco
- Laboratoire de Pathologie Humaine, Biomédecine et Environnement, FMPF, USMBA, Fez, Morocco
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Palau M, Kulmann M, Ramírez-Lázaro MJ, Lario S, Quilez ME, Campo R, Piqué N, Calvet X, Miñana-Galbis D. Usefulness of Housekeeping Genes for the Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori Infection, Strain Discrimination and Detection of Multiple Infection. Helicobacter 2016; 21:481-487. [PMID: 26991758 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori infects human stomachs of over half the world's population, evades the immune response and establishes a chronic infection. Although most people remains asymptomatic, duodenal and gastric ulcers, MALT lymphoma and progression to gastric cancer could be developed. Several virulence factors such as flagella, lipopolysaccharide, adhesins and especially the vacuolating cytotoxin VacA and the oncoprotein CagA have been described for H. pylori. Despite the extensive published data on H. pylori, more research is needed to determine new virulence markers, the exact mode of transmission or the role of multiple infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Amplification and sequencing of six housekeeping genes (amiA, cgt, cpn60, cpn70, dnaJ, and luxS) related to H. pylori pathogenesis have been performed in order to evaluate their usefulness for the specific detection of H. pylori, the genetic discrimination at strain level and the detection of multiple infection. A total of 52 H. pylori clones, isolated from 14 gastric biopsies from 11 patients, were analyzed for this purpose. RESULTS All genes were specifically amplified for H. pylori and all clones isolated from different patients were discriminated, with gene distances ranged from 0.9 to 7.8%. Although most clones isolated from the same patient showed identical gene sequences, an event of multiple infection was detected in all the genes and microevolution events were showed for amiA and cpn60 genes. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that housekeeping genes could be useful for H. pylori detection and to elucidate the mode of transmission and the relevance of the multiple infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Palau
- Departament de Microbiologia i Parasitologia Sanitàries, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marcos Kulmann
- Departament de Microbiologia i Parasitologia Sanitàries, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - María José Ramírez-Lázaro
- Digestive Diseases Service, Hospital de Sabadell, Institut Universitari Parc Taulí, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Lario
- Digestive Diseases Service, Hospital de Sabadell, Institut Universitari Parc Taulí, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Elisa Quilez
- Digestive Diseases Service, Hospital de Sabadell, Institut Universitari Parc Taulí, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Campo
- Digestive Diseases Service, Hospital de Sabadell, Institut Universitari Parc Taulí, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Núria Piqué
- Departament de Microbiologia i Parasitologia Sanitàries, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Xavier Calvet
- Digestive Diseases Service, Hospital de Sabadell, Institut Universitari Parc Taulí, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Miñana-Galbis
- Departament de Microbiologia i Parasitologia Sanitàries, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Bagheri N, Azadegan-Dehkordi F, Rafieian-Kopaei M, Rahimian G, Asadi-Samani M, Shirzad H. Clinical relevance of Helicobacter pylori virulence factors in Iranian patients with gastrointestinal diseases. Microb Pathog 2016; 100:154-162. [PMID: 27666510 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) usually colonizes the gastric mucosa of more than 50% of the human population, causing an infection that may appear in early childhood and can persist for life. H. pylori is suggested as the main cause of peptic ulcer and chronic gastritis. It is also associated with gastric cancer. Its severity and symptoms depend on environmental factors, host susceptibility and bacterial components, which allow H. pylori to switch between commensalism and pathogenicity. H. pylori is genetically highly variable, and the variability which affects H. pylori virulence factors might be useful in identifying the strains with different degrees of pathogenicity. The geographic distribution of distinct H. pylori genotypes is largely unknown and should be established. The prevalence of more pathogenic genotypes in certain areas may have important epidemiological consequences. It also might be associated with the severity of H. pylori related diseases in such regions. Given that Iran is located in the Middle East and Asian populations have revealed high levels of gastric cancer, it is of clinical interest to clarify the potential of H. pylori virulence markers in predicting the associated clinical outcomes. In this review, clinical relevance of adhesion molecules and significant virulence factors of H. pylori in Iranian patients with gastrointestinal diseases are discussed in comparison to other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Bagheri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Ghorbanali Rahimian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Majid Asadi-Samani
- Medical Plants Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hedaytollah Shirzad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
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Bakhti SZ, Latifi-Navid S, Mohammadi S, Zahri S, Bakhti FS, Feizi F, Yazdanbod A, Siavoshi F. Relevance of Helicobacter pylori vacA 3'-end Region Polymorphism to Gastric Cancer. Helicobacter 2016; 21:305-16. [PMID: 26612250 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori vacA genotypes play an important role in the pathogenesis of severe gastrointestinal disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS We identified a novel polymorphic site in the 3'-end region of H. pylori vacA gene, denoted by c1/-c2 (c1: with deletion of 15 bp), and examined associations of this and the previous four sites as well as cagA status with gastroduodenal diseases, in a total of 217 Iranian H. pylori isolates. Histopathologic evaluations were performed and patients with gastric cancer (GC) were further classified based on the anatomic site of tumor, including cardia and noncardia GC, and the histopathologic type of tumor, including intestinal- and diffuse-type GC. RESULTS The vacA m1, i1, d1, c1, and cagA genotypes were significantly associated with an increased risk of GC, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) was 4.29 (2.03-9.08), 6.11 (2.63-14.19), 3.18 (1.49-6.76), 15.13 (5.86-39.01), and 2.59 (1.09-6.12), respectively. The vacA c1 genotype had an increased age- and sex-adjusted risk for GC by the multiple logistic regression analysis; the OR was 38.32 (95% CI, 6.60-222.29). This association was independent of and larger than the associations of the m-, i-, and d-type of vacA or cagA status with GC. No significant correlation was found between s1, whether independently or in combination, and the risk of GC or peptic ulcer disease (PUD). The vacA i1 and cagA genotypes were linked to an increased risk of PUD; the OR (95% CI) was 2.80 (1.45-5.40) and 2.62 (1.23-5.61), respectively. The presence of both the vacA i1 and cagA genotypes further increased the risk of PUD; the OR was 5.20 (95% CI, 1.92-14.03). CONCLUSION The H. pylori vacA c1 genotype might therefore be one of the strongest risk predictors of GC in male patients aged ≥55 in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Zahra Bakhti
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Saeid Latifi-Navid
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Shiva Mohammadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Saber Zahri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadat Bakhti
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Farideh Feizi
- Aras Clinics, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Abbas Yazdanbod
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Farideh Siavoshi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, University College of Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Thi Huyen Trang T, Thanh Binh T, Yamaoka Y. Relationship between vacA Types and Development of Gastroduodenal Diseases. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:toxins8060182. [PMID: 27294955 PMCID: PMC4926148 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8060182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Helicobacter pylori vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA) is a secreted pore-forming toxin and a major virulence factor in the pathogenesis of H. pylori infection. While VacA is present in almost all strains, only some forms are toxigenic and pathogenic. While vacA and its genotypes are considered as markers of H. pylori-related diseases or disorders, the pathophysiological mechanisms of VacA and its genotypes remain controversial. This review outlines key findings of publications regarding vacA with emphasis on the relationship between vacA genotypes and the development of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Thi Huyen Trang
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-Machi, Yufu-City, Oita 879-5593, Japan.
- Department of Molecular Biology, 108 Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Tran Thanh Binh
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-Machi, Yufu-City, Oita 879-5593, Japan.
- Department of Endoscopy, Cho Ray Hospital, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam.
| | - Yoshio Yamaoka
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-Machi, Yufu-City, Oita 879-5593, Japan.
- Department of Medicine-Gastroenterology, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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