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Raphael H, Klang E, Konen E, Inbar Y, Leibowitz A, Frenkel-Nir Y, Apter S, Grossman E. Obesity Is Associated with Fatty Liver and Fat Changes in the Kidneys in Humans as Assessed by MRI. Nutrients 2024; 16:1387. [PMID: 38732633 PMCID: PMC11085048 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with metabolic syndrome and fat accumulation in various organs such as the liver and the kidneys. Our goal was to assess, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Dual-Echo phase sequencing, the association between liver and kidney fat deposition and their relation to obesity. METHODS We analyzed MRI scans of individuals who were referred to the Chaim Sheba Medical Center between December 2017 and May 2020 to perform a study for any indication. For each individual, we retrieved from the computerized charts data on sex, and age, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), and comorbidities (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia). RESULTS We screened MRI studies of 399 subjects with a median age of 51 years, 52.4% of whom were women, and a median BMI 24.6 kg/m2. We diagnosed 18% of the participants with fatty liver and 18.6% with fat accumulation in the kidneys (fatty kidneys). Out of the 67 patients with fatty livers, 23 (34.3%) also had fatty kidneys, whereas among the 315 patients without fatty livers, only 48 patients (15.2%) had fatty kidneys (p < 0.01). In comparison to the patients who did not have a fatty liver or fatty kidneys (n = 267), those who had both (n = 23) were more obese, had higher systolic BP, and were more likely to have diabetes mellitus. In comparison to the patients without a fatty liver, those with fatty livers had an adjusted odds ratio of 2.91 (97.5% CI; 1.61-5.25) to have fatty kidneys. In total, 19.6% of the individuals were obese (BMI ≥ 30), and 26.1% had overweight (25 < BMI < 30). The obese and overweight individuals were older and more likely to have diabetes mellitus and hypertension and had higher rates of fatty livers and fatty kidneys. Fat deposition in both the liver and the kidneys was observed in 15.9% of the obese patients, in 8.3% of the overweight patients, and in none of those with normal weight. Obesity was the only risk factor for fatty kidneys and fatty livers, with an adjusted OR of 6.3 (97.5% CI 2.1-18.6). CONCLUSIONS Obesity is a major risk factor for developing a fatty liver and fatty kidneys. Individuals with a fatty liver are more likely to have fatty kidneys. MRI is an accurate modality for diagnosing fatty kidneys. Reviewing MRI scans of any indication should include assessment of fat fractions in the kidneys in addition to that of the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadar Raphael
- Arrow Projects for Medical Research Education, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 5266202, Israel;
- Department of Imaging, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 5266202, Israel; (E.K.); (E.K.); (Y.I.); (S.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 5266202, Israel; (A.L.); (Y.F.-N.)
| | - Eyal Klang
- Department of Imaging, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 5266202, Israel; (E.K.); (E.K.); (Y.I.); (S.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 5266202, Israel; (A.L.); (Y.F.-N.)
| | - Eli Konen
- Department of Imaging, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 5266202, Israel; (E.K.); (E.K.); (Y.I.); (S.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 5266202, Israel; (A.L.); (Y.F.-N.)
| | - Yael Inbar
- Department of Imaging, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 5266202, Israel; (E.K.); (E.K.); (Y.I.); (S.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 5266202, Israel; (A.L.); (Y.F.-N.)
| | - Avshalom Leibowitz
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 5266202, Israel; (A.L.); (Y.F.-N.)
- Internal Medicine D the Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 5266202, Israel
| | - Yael Frenkel-Nir
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 5266202, Israel; (A.L.); (Y.F.-N.)
- Medical Management Department, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 5266202, Israel
| | - Sara Apter
- Department of Imaging, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 5266202, Israel; (E.K.); (E.K.); (Y.I.); (S.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 5266202, Israel; (A.L.); (Y.F.-N.)
| | - Ehud Grossman
- Adelson Medical School, Ariel University, Ariel 4077625, Israel
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Tsareva IA, Ivanova GT, Lobov GI. Early Functional Changes in Rat Arteries and Microcirculatory Vessels while Modeling Metabolic Syndrome. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022050179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
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3
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Metabolic Syndrome: Lessons from Rodent and Drosophila Models. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:5850507. [PMID: 35782067 PMCID: PMC9242782 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5850507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are health conditions tightly related to a number of metabolic complications collectively called “metabolic syndrome” (MetS). Clinical diagnosis of MetS includes the presence of the increased waist circumference or so-called abdominal obesity, reduced high density lipoprotein level, elevated blood pressure, and increased blood glucose and triacylglyceride levels. Different approaches, including diet-induced and genetically induced animal models, have been developed to study MetS pathogenesis and underlying mechanisms. Studies of metabolic disturbances in the fruit fly Drosophila and mammalian models along with humans have demonstrated that fruit flies and small mammalian models like rats and mice have many similarities with humans in basic metabolic functions and share many molecular mechanisms which regulate these metabolic processes. In this paper, we describe diet-induced, chemically and genetically induced animal models of the MetS. The advantages and limitations of rodent and Drosophila models of MetS and obesity are also analyzed.
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Réggami Y, Benkhaled A, Boudjelal A, Berredjem H, Amamra A, Benyettou H, Larabi N, Senator A, Siracusa L, Ruberto G. Artemisia herba-alba aqueous extract improves insulin sensitivity and hepatic steatosis in rodent model of fructose-induced metabolic syndrome. Arch Physiol Biochem 2021; 127:541-550. [PMID: 31464524 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1659825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Fructose consumption is associated with the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in human and animal models. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the ability of an aqueous extract of Artemisia herba-alba Asso (AH) to ameliorate fructose-induced MetS in Male Wistar rats. METHODS AH extract at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w./day was administered for six weeks to MetS animals. RESULTS Liquid fructose (10% w/v) intake did not vary total animal body weight, whereas, it produced moderate hyperglycemia associated with metabolic and histological alterations. Treating MetS rats with AH extract improved insulin sensitivity, alleviated atherogenic dyslipidaemia and decreased lipid deposition in their hepatic tissues. Additionally, AH extract was found to raise GSH level and antioxidant enzymes (GPx, GST and CAT) activities in rat livers homogenates. CONCLUSION The results here reported demonstrated, for the first time, that A. herba-alba have therapeutic proprieties against fructose-induced MetS in rodent model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassine Réggami
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Mohamed Boudiaf-M'sila University, M'sila, Algeria
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Applied Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar-Annaba University, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Abderrahim Benkhaled
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Mohamed Boudiaf-M'sila University, M'sila, Algeria
| | - Amel Boudjelal
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Mohamed Boudiaf-M'sila University, M'sila, Algeria
| | - Hajira Berredjem
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Applied Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar-Annaba University, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Amani Amamra
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Applied Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar-Annaba University, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Halima Benyettou
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Mohamed Boudiaf-M'sila University, M'sila, Algeria
| | - Nadia Larabi
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Mohamed Boudiaf-M'sila University, M'sila, Algeria
| | - Abderrahmane Senator
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Ferhat Abbas-Setif University, Setif, Algeria
| | - Laura Siracusa
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ICB-CNR), Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ruberto
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ICB-CNR), Catania, Italy
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Sucrose exposure during gestation lactation and postweaning periods increases the pubococcygeus muscle reflex activity in adult male rats. Int J Impot Res 2021; 34:564-572. [PMID: 34035466 DOI: 10.1038/s41443-021-00450-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction is related to metabolic alterations produced by a high carbohydrate diet, which may affect muscle activity during penile reflex in adulthood. We determined whether sucrose water consumption during gestation lactation and postweaning affects pubococcygeus muscle (Pcm) activity during urethrogenital reflex in adult male rat offspring. Twelve female rats were mated and grouped in control mothers consumed tap water and sucrose mothers consumed sucrose water during gestation lactation. Male pups were weaned and assigned into four groups (n = 6 each): those from control mothers who continued drinking tap water (CM-CO group) or sucrose water (CM-SO group) until adult life, and those from sucrose mothers who drank tap water (SM-CO group) or continued drinking sucrose water (SM-SO group) until adult life. Body weight, Pcm activity during penile stimulation by bipolar electrodes and urethrogenital reflex were analyzed. A catheter was placed into the urethra to record variations in urethral pressure after mechanical stimulation. Two-way ANOVA followed by post hoc tests were used considering P ≤ 0.05 as a significant difference. Males from the SM-SO group showed weight gain compared to the control group (P < 0.001). Also, sucrose intake promoted high Pcm activity (P < 0.0001) but reduced urethrogenital reflex duration CM-CO vs CM-SO (P = 0.02); CM-CO vs SM-CO (P = 0.01); CM-SO vs SM-SO (P < 0.003); and SM-CO vs SM-SO (P < 0.002). Our results suggest that a combination of a sucrose-rich diet during gestation lactation and postweaning modifies Pcm activation during penile reflex. The urethrogenital reflex is a spinal ejaculatory-like reflex, these rats could have penile dysfunction equivalent to premature ejaculation in men.
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Doghri Y, Dubreil L, Lalanne V, Hélissen O, Fleurisson R, Thorin C, Desfontis JC, Mallem MY. Soluble guanylate cyclase chronic stimulation effects on cardiovascular reactivity in cafeteria diet-induced rat model of metabolic syndrome. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 899:173978. [PMID: 33691164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular complications by a mechanism involving mainly decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and impaired NO-soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC)- cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signalling (NO-sGC-cGMP). To further develop this scientific point, this study aimed to investigate the effects of long-term treatment with BAY 41-2272 (a sGC stimulator) on cardiovascular reactivity of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) as a model of metabolic syndrome. SHR were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group, cafeteria diet (CD)-fed group and CD-fed group treated daily with BAY 41-2272 (5 mg/kg) by gastric gavage for 12 weeks. In vivo measurements of body weight, abdominal circumference, blood pressure and glucose tolerance test were performed. At the end of the feeding period, ex vivo cumulative concentration-response curves were performed on isolated perfused heart (isoproterenol (0.1 nM - 1 μM)) and thoracic aorta (phenylephrine (1 nM-10 μM), acetylcholine (1 nM-10 μM), and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) (0.1 nM-0.1 μM)). We showed that chronic CD feeding induced abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, glucose intolerance and exacerbated arterial hypertension in SHR. Compared to control group, CD-fed group showed a decrease in β-adrenoceptor-induced cardiac inotropy, in coronary perfusion pressure and in aortic contraction to phenylephrine. While relaxing effects of acetylcholine and SNP were unchanged. BAY 41-2272 long-term treatment markedly prevented arterial hypertension development and glucose intolerance, enhanced the α1-adrenoceptor-induced vasoconstriction, and restored cardiac inotropy and coronary vasodilation. These findings suggest that BAY 41-2272 may be a potential novel drug for preventing metabolic and cardiovascular complications of metabolic syndrome.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects
- Aorta, Thoracic/enzymology
- Aorta, Thoracic/physiopathology
- Cardiovascular Diseases/enzymology
- Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology
- Cardiovascular Diseases/physiopathology
- Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control
- Coronary Circulation/drug effects
- Cyclic GMP/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Enzyme Activation
- Enzyme Activators/pharmacology
- Glucose Intolerance/enzymology
- Glucose Intolerance/etiology
- Glucose Intolerance/physiopathology
- Glucose Intolerance/prevention & control
- Hypertension/enzymology
- Hypertension/etiology
- Hypertension/physiopathology
- Hypertension/prevention & control
- Hypertriglyceridemia/enzymology
- Hypertriglyceridemia/etiology
- Hypertriglyceridemia/physiopathology
- Hypertriglyceridemia/prevention & control
- Isolated Heart Preparation
- Male
- Metabolic Syndrome/enzymology
- Metabolic Syndrome/etiology
- Metabolic Syndrome/physiopathology
- Metabolic Syndrome/prevention & control
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/metabolism
- Obesity, Abdominal/enzymology
- Obesity, Abdominal/etiology
- Obesity, Abdominal/physiopathology
- Obesity, Abdominal/prevention & control
- Pyrazoles/pharmacology
- Pyridines/pharmacology
- Rats, Inbred SHR
- Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase/metabolism
- Vasoconstriction/drug effects
- Vasodilation/drug effects
- Ventricular Function, Left/drug effects
- Ventricular Pressure/drug effects
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosra Doghri
- UPSP NP3 (2017.B146), Nutrition, Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, Oniris, Nantes-Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine Food Sciences and Engineering, 44307, Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - Laurence Dubreil
- UMR PAnTher 703 INRA/Oniris Animal Pathophysiology and Bio Therapy for Muscle and Nervous System Diseases, Oniris, Nantes-Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine Food Sciences and Engineering, 44307, Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - Valérie Lalanne
- UPSP NP3 (2017.B146), Nutrition, Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, Oniris, Nantes-Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine Food Sciences and Engineering, 44307, Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - Ophélie Hélissen
- UPSP NP3 (2017.B146), Nutrition, Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, Oniris, Nantes-Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine Food Sciences and Engineering, 44307, Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - Romain Fleurisson
- UMR PAnTher 703 INRA/Oniris Animal Pathophysiology and Bio Therapy for Muscle and Nervous System Diseases, Oniris, Nantes-Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine Food Sciences and Engineering, 44307, Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - Chantal Thorin
- UPSP NP3 (2017.B146), Nutrition, Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, Oniris, Nantes-Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine Food Sciences and Engineering, 44307, Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - Jean-Claude Desfontis
- UPSP NP3 (2017.B146), Nutrition, Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, Oniris, Nantes-Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine Food Sciences and Engineering, 44307, Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - M Yassine Mallem
- UPSP NP3 (2017.B146), Nutrition, Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, Oniris, Nantes-Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine Food Sciences and Engineering, 44307, Nantes Cedex 03, France.
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Flores-Fuentes N, Hernandez-Cruz C, Bermeo K, Barajas-Martinez A, Hernandez-Serratos VN, Aceves-Rodriguez EM, Martinez-Alonso E, Castro H, Martinez-Huerta MI, Elias-Viñas D, Salazar-Anguiano J, Arenas I, Garcia DE. Motor learning impairment in rats under a high sucrose diet. Physiol Behav 2021; 234:113384. [PMID: 33676960 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Motor learning skills are reliable indicators of behavioral acquisition and cognitive disorders. The ease with which learning skills are measured disparities the complexity of the interpretation concerning neural plasticity. Conversely, a wealth of information regarding metabolic derangements has long been reported with direct connection to high sucrose diets. However, the impact of excessive sucrose consumption on undergoing cognitive processes has been only scarcely addressed up to now. Therefore, the goal of this work was to describe the associative relationship between high sucrose consumption and changes in motor learning skills acquisition. Motor learning impairments conditioned by central alterations are hypothesized. Rotarod, elevated plus-maze and open field trials, along with metabolic and pro-inflammatory biomarkers tests in Wistar rats under a high sucrose treatment, were performed. Motor learning impairment in high sucrose diet-treated rats was found while spontaneous locomotor activity remained unchanged. Even though, no anxiety-like behavior under high sucrose diet-treatment was observed. Consistently, the worst outcome in the glucose tolerance test was developed, the worst motor learning performance was observed. Furthermore, insulin resistance correlated positively with a pro-inflammatory state and a decreased latency to fall in the rotarod test. Indeed, C-reactive protein and tumor necrosis factor-α serum levels, along with the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), significantly increased in motor learning impairment. Together, these results support behavioral, metabolic and pro-inflammatory changes associated with deleterious changes in central nervous system likely involving crucial motor learning structures. Underlying pro-inflammatory-triggered processes may explain cognitive disorders in advanced states of metabolic derangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayely Flores-Fuentes
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), PO Box 70250, C.P. 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carolina Hernandez-Cruz
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), PO Box 70250, C.P. 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Karina Bermeo
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), PO Box 70250, C.P. 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Antonio Barajas-Martinez
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), PO Box 70250, C.P. 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Valeria Nayely Hernandez-Serratos
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), PO Box 70250, C.P. 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Erick Mauricio Aceves-Rodriguez
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), PO Box 70250, C.P. 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Martinez-Alonso
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), PO Box 70250, C.P. 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Hector Castro
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), PO Box 70250, C.P. 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maricela Irel Martinez-Huerta
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), PO Box 70250, C.P. 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - David Elias-Viñas
- Section of Bioelectronics, Department of Electrical Engineering, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, PO Box 14740, C.P. 07000 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jeny Salazar-Anguiano
- Section of Bioelectronics, Department of Electrical Engineering, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, PO Box 14740, C.P. 07000 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Isabel Arenas
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), PO Box 70250, C.P. 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - David E Garcia
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), PO Box 70250, C.P. 04510 Mexico City, Mexico.
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Kim S, Lee AY, Cho MH. Inhaled exposure to air fresheners aggravated liver injury in a murine model of nonalcoholic fatty acid liver disease. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06452. [PMID: 33817364 PMCID: PMC8010405 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, the consumption and use of air fresheners (AFs) is rapidly increasing worldwide for the purposes of odor removal and to create a pleasant odor. Many recent studies have strongly suggested that the potentially hazardous chemicals emitted from AFs may be the primary source of indoor air pollutants and may cause adverse health effects. Despite the presence of hazardous chemicals in AFs, potential adverse health effects and risk assessment of AFs have not yet been established. The incidence of nonalcoholic fatty acid liver disease (NAFLD) around the world is rapidly increasing, as with obesity and diabetes, and is one of the most common causes of liver disease worldwide. Based on the demonstrated evidence that NAFLD could eventually develop into further health complications such as liver failure, cardiovascular disease, liver cirrhosis, or liver cancer, the current study was performed to clarify the relationship between inhaled AF exposure and NAFLD using a high-fructose diet (HFr)-induced murine model. The results from current study clearly demonstrated that AF exposure further exacerbated liver injury in NAFLD-induced mice. Interestingly, the increased expression of fibrosis-related factors and collagen accumulation in the liver of AF-exposed NAFLD-induced mice resulted in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-like phenotype and fibrosis. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that AF exposure may not only induce liver injury but may also exacerbate NAFLD to lead to NASH-like symptoms. Further study is needed to shed light on the detailed mechanisms behind AF-induced liver effects and its potential role in exacerbating NAFLD to more detrimental disease in order to better scientific evidence for risk assessments of indoor AF exposure.
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Preguiça I, Alves A, Nunes S, Fernandes R, Gomes P, Viana SD, Reis F. Diet-induced rodent models of obesity-related metabolic disorders-A guide to a translational perspective. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e13081. [PMID: 32691524 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diet is a critical element determining human health and diseases, and unbalanced food habits are major risk factors for the development of obesity and related metabolic disorders. Despite technological and pharmacological advances, as well as intensification of awareness campaigns, the prevalence of metabolic disorders worldwide is still increasing. Thus, novel therapeutic approaches with increased efficacy are urgently required, which often depends on cellular and molecular investigations using robust animal models. In the absence of perfect rodent models, those induced by excessive consumption of fat and sugars better replicate the key aspects that are the root causes of human metabolic diseases. However, the results obtained using these models cannot be directly compared, particularly because of the use of different dietary protocols, and animal species and strains, among other confounding factors. This review article revisits diet-induced models of obesity and related metabolic disorders, namely, metabolic syndrome, prediabetes, diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. A critical analysis focused on the main pathophysiological features of rodent models, as opposed to the criteria defined for humans, is provided as a practical guide with a translational perspective for the establishment of animal models of obesity-related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Preguiça
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - André Alves
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sara Nunes
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rosa Fernandes
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro Gomes
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia D Viana
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,ESTESC-Coimbra Health School, Pharmacy, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Flávio Reis
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Gao L, Yuan P, Zhang Q, Fu Y, Hou Y, Wei Y, Zheng X, Feng W. Taxifolin improves disorders of glucose metabolism and water-salt metabolism in kidney via PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in metabolic syndrome rats. Life Sci 2020; 263:118713. [PMID: 33157091 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Our study was designed to explore the function and mechanism of taxifolin on glucose metabolism and water-salt metabolism in kidney with metabolic syndrome (MS) rats. MAIN METHODS Spontaneous hypertensive rats were induced by fructose to establish MS model. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were measured after 7 weeks of continuous administration with taxifolin. Kidney injury indices and histopathological evaluation were done. The apoptosis rate of primary kidney cells was detected by flow cytometry. Insulin signaling pathway related proteins and renal glucose transport-related proteins were detected by western blotting. We assessed the effects of taxifolin on sodium water retention and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in MS rats. We examined not only changes in urine volume, osmotic pressure, urinary sodium and urinary chloride excretion, but also the effects on NA+/K+-ATPase and RAAS indicators. We also detected changes in inflammatory factors by immunohistochemical staining and immunofluorescence. In vitro experiment, high glucose and salt stimulated NRK-52E cells. By adding the PI3K inhibitor (wortmannin) to inhibit the PI3K, the effects of inhibiting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway on glucose metabolism, water-sodium retention and inflammatory response were discussed. KEY FINDINGS Taxifolin effectively reversed SBP, HOMA-IR, the kidney indices and abnormal histopathological changes induced by MS. Besides, taxifolin called back the protein associated with the downstream glucose metabolism pathway of PI3K/AKT. It also inhibited overactivation of RAAS and inflammatory response. In vitro experiments have demonstrated that the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway plays an important role in this process. SIGNIFICANCE Taxifolin can improve homeostasis of glucose, inhibit overactivation of RAAS and reduce inflammatory response by PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Gao
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Peipei Yuan
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yang Fu
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ying Hou
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yaxin Wei
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiaoke Zheng
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Weisheng Feng
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
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11
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Pereira GA, Sodré FS, Murata GM, Amaral AG, Payolla TB, Campos CV, Sato FT, Anhê GF, Bordin S. Fructose Consumption by Adult Rats Exposed to Dexamethasone In Utero Changes the Phenotype of Intestinal Epithelial Cells and Exacerbates Intestinal Gluconeogenesis. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103062. [PMID: 33036430 PMCID: PMC7600908 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fructose consumption by rodents modulates both hepatic and intestinal lipid metabolism and gluconeogenesis. We have previously demonstrated that in utero exposure to dexamethasone (DEX) interacts with fructose consumption during adult life to exacerbate hepatic steatosis in rats. The aim of this study was to clarify if adult rats born to DEX-treated mothers would display differences in intestinal gluconeogenesis after excessive fructose intake. To address this issue, female Wistar rats were treated with DEX during pregnancy and control (CTL) mothers were kept untreated. Adult offspring born to CTL and DEX-treated mothers were assigned to receive either tap water (Control-Standard Chow (CTL-SC) and Dexamethasone-Standard Chow (DEX-SC)) or 10% fructose in the drinking water (CTL-fructose and DEX-fructose). Fructose consumption lasted for 80 days. All rats were subjected to a 40 h fasting before sample collection. We found that DEX-fructose rats have increased glucose and reduced lactate in the portal blood. Jejunum samples of DEX-fructose rats have enhanced phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) expression and activity, higher facilitated glucose transporter member 2 (GLUT2) and facilitated glucose transporter member 5 (GLUT5) content, and increased villous height, crypt depth, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) staining. The current data reveal that rats born to DEX-treated mothers that consume fructose during adult life have increased intestinal gluconeogenesis while recapitulating metabolic and morphological features of the neonatal jejunum phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizela A. Pereira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-000 SP, Brazil; (G.A.P.); (F.S.S.); (G.M.M.); (A.G.A.); (T.B.P.); (F.T.S.)
| | - Frhancielly S. Sodré
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-000 SP, Brazil; (G.A.P.); (F.S.S.); (G.M.M.); (A.G.A.); (T.B.P.); (F.T.S.)
| | - Gilson M. Murata
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-000 SP, Brazil; (G.A.P.); (F.S.S.); (G.M.M.); (A.G.A.); (T.B.P.); (F.T.S.)
| | - Andressa G. Amaral
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-000 SP, Brazil; (G.A.P.); (F.S.S.); (G.M.M.); (A.G.A.); (T.B.P.); (F.T.S.)
| | - Tanyara B. Payolla
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-000 SP, Brazil; (G.A.P.); (F.S.S.); (G.M.M.); (A.G.A.); (T.B.P.); (F.T.S.)
| | - Carolina V. Campos
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-887 SP, Brazil; (C.V.C.); (G.F.A.)
| | - Fabio T. Sato
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-000 SP, Brazil; (G.A.P.); (F.S.S.); (G.M.M.); (A.G.A.); (T.B.P.); (F.T.S.)
| | - Gabriel F. Anhê
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-887 SP, Brazil; (C.V.C.); (G.F.A.)
| | - Silvana Bordin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-000 SP, Brazil; (G.A.P.); (F.S.S.); (G.M.M.); (A.G.A.); (T.B.P.); (F.T.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-3091-7245
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12
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Diaz A, Muñoz‐Arenas G, Caporal‐Hernandez K, Vázquez‐Roque R, Lopez‐Lopez G, Kozina A, Espinosa B, Flores G, Treviño S, Guevara J. Gallic acid improves recognition memory and decreases oxidative‐inflammatory damage in the rat hippocampus with metabolic syndrome. Synapse 2020; 75:e22186. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.22186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Diaz
- Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla Puebla Mexico
| | | | | | - Rubén Vázquez‐Roque
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatria Instituto de Fisiologia Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla Puebla Mexico
| | - Gustavo Lopez‐Lopez
- Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla Puebla Mexico
| | - Anna Kozina
- Instituto de Química Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México Ciudad de Mexico Mexico
| | - Blanca Espinosa
- Departamento de Bioquimica Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, ICV Ciudad de Mexico Mexico
| | - Gonzalo Flores
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatria Instituto de Fisiologia Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla Puebla Mexico
| | - Samuel Treviño
- Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla Puebla Mexico
| | - Jorge Guevara
- Departamento de Bioquimica Facultad de Medicina Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México Ciudad de Mexico Mexico
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13
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Ajala-Lawal RA, Aliyu NO, Ajiboye TO. Betulinic acid improves insulin sensitivity, hyperglycemia, inflammation and oxidative stress in metabolic syndrome rats via PI3K/Akt pathways. Arch Physiol Biochem 2020; 126:107-115. [PMID: 30288995 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1498901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of betulinic acid on high-fructose diet-induced metabolic syndrome in rats. Oral administration of betulinic acid significantly reversed high-fructose diet-mediated increase in body mass index and blood glucose. Furthermore, betulinic acid restored high-fructose diet-mediated alterations in metabolic hormones (insulin, leptin and adiponectin). Betulinic acid-mediated upregulation of protein kinase B (Akt) and phosphoinositde-3 kinase (PI3K) anulled high-fructose diet mediated depletion. Also, elevated tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and -8 were significantly lowered. Administration of betulinic acid restored high-fructose diet-mediated increase in the levels of lipid profile parameters and indices of atherosclerosis, cardiac and cardiovascular diseases. High-fructose diet-mediated decrease in activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase) and increase in oxidative stress biomarkers (reduced glutathione, lipid peroxidation products, protein oxidation and fragmented DNA) were significantly restored by the phenolic acids. Conclusively, betulinic acid improves insulin sensitivity, elevated blood glucose, inflammation and dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress in high-fructose diet-induced metabolic syndrome through the PI#Kand Akt pathways .
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Ajala-Lawal
- Antioxidants, Redox Biology and Toxicology Research Group, Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Nile University of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - N O Aliyu
- Antioxidants, Redox Biology and Toxicology Research Group, Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Nile University of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - T O Ajiboye
- Antioxidants, Redox Biology and Toxicology Research Group, Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Nile University of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
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14
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Farag M, Ashour E, El-Hadidy W. Amelioration of High Fructose Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance, Hyperuricemia, and Liver Oxidative Stress by Combined Use of Selective Agonists of PPAR-α and PPAR-γ in Rats. DUBAI MEDICAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1159/000506899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The use of high-fructose (Fr) corn sweeteners and sucrose in manufactured food has markedly increased recently. This excessive Fr intake has been proposed in the etiology of the metabolic syndrome, which shows an increasing prevalence throughout the world. Objective: In this study, we questioned whether fenofibrate (FF), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α agonist, and pioglitazone (PG), a PPAR-γ agonist, might be effective in ameliorating the metabolic syndrome in a rat model. Materials and Methods: The metabolic syndrome was induced by feeding rats a high-Fr (60%) diet for 10 weeks. The rats were divided into 5 groups: control group, fed a normal rat chow; Fr + vehicle group; Fr + FF group; Fr + PG group; and Fr + (FF + PG) group (treated with both drugs). Drug or vehicle treatment was given daily for 6 weeks (from weeks 5 to 10). Thereafter, blood and liver samples were obtained for biochemical studies. Results: Rats fed a high-Fr diet developed hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperuricemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypercholesterolemia, and had increased serum alanine aminotransferase, hepatic tumor necrosis factor-α, and malondialdehyde levels but decreases in both glutathione content and superoxide dismutase activity. Rat treatment with FF and/or PG attenuated these alterations. The improvement was greater with the combined treatment than with either drug alone, and normalization of insulin sensitivity was observed only in rats treated with the combination therapy. Conclusion: Acting on the 2 main PPAR subfamilies, the combination of FF and PG provides a more efficacious therapy for modulating the changes in serum insulin, uric acid, and lipids, as well as the accompanying hepatic inflammation and oxidative stress that characterize the Fr-induced metabolic syndrome.
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15
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Tanaka Y, Ono M, Miyago M, Suzuki T, Miyazaki Y, Kawano M, Asahina M, Shirouchi B, Imaizumi K, Sato M. Low utilization of glucose in the liver causes diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in exogenously hypercholesterolemic rats. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229669. [PMID: 32163433 PMCID: PMC7067558 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Exogenously hypercholesterolemic (ExHC) rats develop diet-induced hypercholesterolemia (DIHC) when fed with dietary cholesterol. Previously, we reported that, under the high-sucrose-diet-feeding condition, a loss-of-function mutation in Smek2 results in low activity of fatty acid synthase (FAS) followed by the shortage of hepatic triacylglycerol content in ExHC rats and the onset of DIHC. However, the relationship between the Smek2 mutation and FAS dysfunction is still unclear. Here, we focused on carbohydrate metabolism, which provides substrates for FAS, and analyzed carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms in ExHC rats to clarify how the deficit of Smek2 causes DIHC. Male ExHC and SD rats were fed high-sucrose or high-starch diets containing 1% cholesterol for 2 weeks. Serum cholesterol levels of the ExHC rats were higher, regardless of the dietary carbohydrate. Hepatic triacylglycerol levels were higher in only the SD rats fed the high-sucrose diet. Moreover, the ExHC rats exhibited a diabetes-like status and accumulation of hepatic glycogen and low hepatic mRNA levels of liver-type phosphofructokinase (Pfkl), which encodes a rate-limiting enzyme for glycolysis. These results suggest that the glucose utilization, particularly glycolysis, is impaired in the liver of ExHC rats. To evaluate how the diet with extremely low glucose affect to DIHC, ExHC.BN-Dihc2BN, a congenic strain that does not develop DIHC, and ExHC rats were fed a high-fructose diet containing 1% cholesterol for 2 weeks. The serum cholesterol and hepatic triacylglycerol levels were similar in the strains. Results of water-soluble metabolite analysis with primary hepatocytes, an increase in fructose-6-phosphate and decreases in succinate, malate and aspartate in ExHC rats, support impaired glycolysis in the ExHC rats. Thus, the Smek2 mutation causes abnormal hepatic glucose utilization via downregulation of Pfkl expression. This abnormal glucose metabolism disrupts hepatic fatty acid synthesis and causes DIHC in the ExHC rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutake Tanaka
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ono
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Motonori Miyago
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takahisa Suzuki
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yurika Miyazaki
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Michio Kawano
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Makoto Asahina
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Bungo Shirouchi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Katsumi Imaizumi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masao Sato
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Lerman LO, Kurtz TW, Touyz RM, Ellison DH, Chade AR, Crowley SD, Mattson DL, Mullins JJ, Osborn J, Eirin A, Reckelhoff JF, Iadecola C, Coffman TM. Animal Models of Hypertension: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Hypertension 2019; 73:e87-e120. [PMID: 30866654 DOI: 10.1161/hyp.0000000000000090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is the most common chronic disease in the world, yet the precise cause of elevated blood pressure often cannot be determined. Animal models have been useful for unraveling the pathogenesis of hypertension and for testing novel therapeutic strategies. The utility of animal models for improving the understanding of the pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of hypertension and its comorbidities depends on their validity for representing human forms of hypertension, including responses to therapy, and on the quality of studies in those models (such as reproducibility and experimental design). Important unmet needs in this field include the development of models that mimic the discrete hypertensive syndromes that now populate the clinic, resolution of ongoing controversies in the pathogenesis of hypertension, and the development of new avenues for preventing and treating hypertension and its complications. Animal models may indeed be useful for addressing these unmet needs.
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Pinheiro-Castro N, Silva LBAR, Novaes GM, Ong TP. Hypercaloric Diet-Induced Obesity and Obesity-Related Metabolic Disorders in Experimental Models. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1134:149-161. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12668-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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18
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Ibitoye OB, Ajiboye TO. Dietary phenolic acids reverse insulin resistance, hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia, inflammation and oxidative stress in high-fructose diet-induced metabolic syndrome rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2018; 124:410-417. [PMID: 29260581 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2017.1415938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of caffeic, ferulic, gallic and protocatechuic acids on high-fructose diet-induced metabolic syndrome in rats. Oral administration of the phenolic acids significantly reversed high-fructose diet-mediated increase in body mass index and blood glucose. Furthermore, phenolic acids restored high-fructose diet-mediated alterations in metabolic hormones (insulin, leptin and adiponectin). Similarly, elevated tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and -8 were significantly lowered. Administration of phenolic acids restored High-fructose diet-mediated increase in the levels of lipid parameters and indices of atherosclerosis, cardiac and cardiovascular diseases. High-fructose diet-mediated decrease in activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase) and increase in oxidative stress biomarkers (reduced glutathione, lipid peroxidation products, protein oxidation and fragmented DNA) were significantly restored by the phenolic acids. The result of this study shows protective influence of caffeic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid and protocatechuic acid in high-fructose diet-induced metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Taofeek O Ajiboye
- b Antioxidants, Redox Biology and Toxicology Research Group, Department of Medical Biochemistry , College of Health Sciences, Nile University of Nigeria , Abuja , Nigeria
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Fuchs T, Loureiro MDP, Macedo LE, Nocca D, Nedelcu M, Costa-Casagrande TA. Modelos animais na síndrome metabólica. Rev Col Bras Cir 2018; 45:e1975. [DOI: 10.1590/0100-6991e-20181975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO O conhecimento sobre modelos animais para estudo metabólico representa a base da pesquisa nessa área. Este trabalho tem por objetivo revisar os principais modelos animais a serem utilizados no estudo da obesidade e da síndrome metabólica. Para isso, pesquisa no banco de dados Pubmed foi realizada usando as palavras-chave “animal models”, “obesity”, "metabolic syndrome”, e “bariatric surgery”. Várias espécies de animais podem ser usadas para o estudo de distúrbios metabólicos, no entanto, os roedores, tanto modelos monogênicos quanto modelos de obesidade induzida por dieta (DIO), são os animais mais utilizados nessa área. Animais monogênicos são a melhor escolha se apenas um aspecto estiver sendo avaliado. Animais DIO tendem a demonstrar melhor a interação entre doença, ambiente e gene. No entanto, eles ainda não são totalmente eficazes para a compreensão de todos os mecanismos dessa doença.
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Mak KK, Tan JJ, Marappan P, Balijepalli MK, Choudhury H, Ramamurthy S, Pichika MR. Galangin’s potential as a functional food ingredient. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Kim S, Lee AY, Kim HJ, Hong SH, Go RE, Choi KC, Kang KS, Cho MH. Exposure to cigarette smoke disturbs adipokines secretion causing intercellular damage and insulin resistance in high fructose diet-induced metabolic disorder mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 494:648-655. [PMID: 29079192 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.10.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A large amount of fructose intake along with smoking is associated with increased incidence of diseases linked to metabolic syndrome. More research is necessary to understand the complex mechanism that ultimately results in metabolic syndrome and the effect, if any, of high fructose dietary intake and smoking on individual health. In this study, we investigated changes in ER-Golgi network and disturbance to secretion of adipokines induced by cigarette smoking (CS) and excess fructose intake and their contribution to the disruption of metabolic homeostasis. We used high fructose-induced metabolic disorder mice model by feeding them with high fructose diet for 8 weeks. For CS exposure experiment, these mice were exposed to CS for 28 days according to OECD guideline 412. Our results clearly showed that the immune system was suppressed and ER stress was induced in mice with exposure to CS and fed with high fructose. Furthermore, their concentrations of adipokines including leptin and adiponectin were aberrant. Such alteration in secretion of adipokines could cause insulin resistance which may lead to the development of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghwa Kim
- Division of Basic Radiation Bioscience, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Science, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah Young Lee
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Jeong Kim
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Hong
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Bio medicine Lab., CKD Research Institute, Yongin 16995, Korea
| | - Ryeo-Eun Go
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sun Kang
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Haing Cho
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Graduate Group of Tumor Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, 151-742, Republic of Korea; Institute of GreenBio Science Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea; Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea.
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Gao H, Ho E, Balakrishnan M, Yechoor V, Yallampalli C. Decreased insulin secretion in pregnant rats fed a low protein diet. Biol Reprod 2017; 97:627-635. [PMID: 29025046 PMCID: PMC9630396 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/iox100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Low protein (LP) diet during pregnancy leads to reduced plasma insulin levels in rodents, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Glucose is the primary insulin secretagogue, and enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in beta cells contributes to compensation for insulin resistance and maintenance of glucose homeostasis during pregnancy. In this study, we hypothesized that plasma insulin levels in pregnant rats fed LP diet are reduced due to disrupted GSIS of pancreatic islets. We first confirmed reduced plasma insulin levels, then investigated in vivo insulin secretion by glucose tolerance test and ex vivo GSIS of pancreatic islets in the presence of glucose at different doses, and KCl, glibenclamide, and L-arginine. Main findings include (1) plasma insulin levels were unaltered on day 10, but significantly reduced on days 14-22 of pregnancy in rats fed LP diet compared to those of control (CT) rats; (2) insulin sensitivity was unchanged, but glucose intolerance was more severe in pregnant rats fed LP diet; (3) GSIS in pancreatic islets was lower in LP rats compared to CT rats in the presence of glucose, KCl, and glibenclamide, and the response to L-arginine was abolished in LP rats; and (4) the total insulin content in pancreatic islets and expression of Ins2 were reduced in LP rats, but expression of Gcg was unaltered. These studies demonstrate that decreased GSIS in beta cells of LP rats contributes to reduced plasma insulin levels, which may lead to placental and fetal growth restriction and programs hypertension and other metabolic diseases in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Eric Ho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Meena Balakrishnan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Vijay Yechoor
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chandra Yallampalli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
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Giblin RJ, Bennett EJ, Zosky GR, Dwyer RM. The Impact of Sex and 25(OH)D Deficiency on Metabolic Function in Mice. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9090985. [PMID: 28880231 PMCID: PMC5622745 DOI: 10.3390/nu9090985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Both dietary fat and vitamin D deficiency have been linked with increased incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and insulin resistance. While sex differences in disease prevalence and severity are well known, the impact on disease pathogenesis remains unclear. To further explore the effect of these exposures on metabolic function, C57BL/6 male and female mice were weaned onto one of four diets; low fat vitamin D replete, low fat vitamin D deficient, or two high fat diets, one vitamin D replete and one deficient. Visceral fat, hepatic adiposity, and insulin resistance were measured after five and a half weeks. Vitamin D deficiency, independent of dietary fat, increased hepatic fat accumulation in both sexes (p = 0.003), although did not increase hepatic expression of interleukin-6 (p = 0.92) or tumor necrosis factor-α (p = 0.78). Males were observed to have greater insulin resistance (glucose area under the curve: p < 0.001, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance: p = 0.046), and have greater visceral adiposity (p < 0.001), while female mice had greater hepatic fat accumulation (p < 0.001). This study is the first to demonstrate vitamin D deficiency alone can cause hepatic accumulation while also being the first to observe higher liver fat percentages in female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Giblin
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia.
| | - Ellen J Bennett
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia.
| | - Graeme R Zosky
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia.
| | - Renée M Dwyer
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia.
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Derkach KV, Bondareva VM, Trashkov AP, Chistyakova OV, Verlov NA, Shpakov AO. Metabolic and hormonal indices in rats with a prolonged model of the metabolic syndrome induced by a high-carbohydrate and high-fat diet. ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079057017020035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Felice JI, Schurman L, McCarthy AD, Sedlinsky C, Aguirre JI, Cortizo AM. Effects of fructose-induced metabolic syndrome on rat skeletal cells and tissue, and their responses to metformin treatment. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2017; 126:202-213. [PMID: 28259010 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Deleterious effects of metabolic syndrome (MS) on bone are still controversial. In this study we evaluated the effects of a fructose-induced MS, and/or an oral treatment with metformin on the osteogenic potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), as well as on bone formation and architecture. METHODS 32 male 8week-old Wistar rats were assigned to four groups: control (C), control plus oral metformin (CM), rats receiving 10% fructose in drinking water (FRD), and FRD plus metformin (FRDM). Samples were collected to measure blood parameters, and to perform pQCT analysis and static and dynamic histomorphometry. MSC were isolated to determine their osteogenic potential. RESULTS Metformin improved blood parameters in FRDM rats. pQCT and static and dynamic histomorphometry showed no significant differences in trabecular and cortical bone parameters among groups. FRD reduced TRAP expression and osteocyte density in trabecular bone and metformin only normalized osteocyte density. FRD decreased the osteogenic potential of MSC and metformin administration could revert some of these parameters. CONCLUSIONS FRD-induced MS shows reduction in MSC osteogenic potential, in osteocyte density and in TRAP activity. Oral metformin treatment was able to prevent trabecular osteocyte loss and the reduction in extracellular mineralization induced by FRD-induced MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ignacio Felice
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral (LIOMM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina
| | - León Schurman
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral (LIOMM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina
| | - Antonio Desmond McCarthy
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral (LIOMM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina
| | - Claudia Sedlinsky
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral (LIOMM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina
| | - José Ignacio Aguirre
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ana María Cortizo
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral (LIOMM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina.
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Faria JDA, de Araújo TMF, Razolli DS, Ignácio-Souza LM, Souza DN, Bordin S, Anhê GF. Metabolic Impact of Light Phase-Restricted Fructose Consumption Is Linked to Changes in Hypothalamic AMPK Phosphorylation and Melatonin Production in Rats. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9040332. [PMID: 28346369 PMCID: PMC5409671 DOI: 10.3390/nu9040332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies show that the metabolic effects of fructose may vary depending on the phase of its consumption along with the light/dark cycle. Here, we investigated the metabolic outcomes of fructose consumption by rats during either the light (LPF) or the dark (DPF) phases of the light/dark cycle. This experimental approach was combined with other interventions, including restriction of chow availability to the dark phase, melatonin administration or intracerebroventricular inhibition of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) with Compound C. LPF, but not DPF rats, exhibited increased hypothalamic AMPK phosphorylation, glucose intolerance, reduced urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (6-S-Mel) (a metabolite of melatonin) and increased corticosterone levels. LPF, but not DPF rats, also exhibited increased chow ingestion during the light phase. The mentioned changes were blunted by Compound C. LPF rats subjected to dark phase-restricted feeding still exhibited increased hypothalamic AMPK phosphorylation but failed to develop the endocrine and metabolic changes. Moreover, melatonin administration to LPF rats reduced corticosterone and prevented glucose intolerance. Altogether, the present data suggests that consumption of fructose during the light phase results in out-of-phase feeding due to increased hypothalamic AMPK phosphorylation. This shift in spontaneous chow ingestion is responsible for the reduction of 6-S-Mel and glucose intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana de Almeida Faria
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, #105 Alexander Fleming St., Campinas SP 13092-140, Brazil.
| | - Thiago Matos F de Araújo
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Carl von Linnaeus St., Campinas SP 13083-864, Brazil.
| | - Daniela S Razolli
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Carl von Linnaeus St., Campinas SP 13083-864, Brazil.
| | | | - Dailson Nogueira Souza
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, #105 Alexander Fleming St., Campinas SP 13092-140, Brazil.
| | - Silvana Bordin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo SP 05508-900, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel Forato Anhê
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, #105 Alexander Fleming St., Campinas SP 13092-140, Brazil.
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Ajiboye TO, Hussaini AA, Nafiu BY, Ibitoye OB. Aqueous seed extract of Hunteria umbellata (K. Schum.) Hallier f. (Apocynaceae) palliates hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, inflammation and oxidative stress in high-fructose diet-induced metabolic syndrome in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 198:184-193. [PMID: 27894971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hunteria umbellata is used in the management and treatment of diabetes and obesity in Nigeria. This study evaluates the effect of aqueous seed extract of Hunteria umbellata on insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, inflammation and oxidative stress in high-fructose diet-induced metabolic syndrome MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rats were randomized into seven groups (A-G). Control (group A) and group C rats received control diet for nine weeks while rats in groups B, D - G were placed on high-fructose diet for 9 weeks. In addition to the diets, groups C - F rats orally received 400, 100, 200 and 400mg/kg body weight aqueous seed extract of Hunteria umbellata for 3 weeks starting from 6th - 9th week. RESULTS High-fructose diet (when compared to control rats) mediated a significant (p<0.05) increase in body weight, body mass index and abdominal circumference. Similarly, levels of blood glucose, insulin, leptin, adiponectin and insulin resistance were increased. It also caused a significant increase in the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, atherogenic index, cardiac index and coronary artery index while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was decreased significantly. Levels of proinflammatory factor, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and 8 were also increased by the high fructose diet. Moreover, it mediated decrease in activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and level of glutathione reduced. Conversely, levels of malondialdehyde, conjugated dienes, lipid hydroperoxides, protein carbonyl and fragmented DNA were elevated. Aqueous seed extract of Hunteria umbellata significantly ameliorated the high fructose diet-mediated alterations. CONCLUSIONS From this study, it is concluded that aqueous seed extract of Hunteria umbellata possesses hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidants abilities as evident from its capability to extenuate insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, inflammation and oxidative stress in high-fructose diet-induced metabolic syndrome rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- T O Ajiboye
- Antioxidants, Free Radicals, Functional Foods and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Nigeria.
| | - A A Hussaini
- Antioxidants, Free Radicals, Functional Foods and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Nigeria.
| | - B Y Nafiu
- Antioxidants, Free Radicals, Functional Foods and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Nigeria.
| | - O B Ibitoye
- Antioxidants, Free Radicals, Functional Foods and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Nigeria.
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Ajiboye TO, Aliyu H, Tanimu MA, Muhammad RM, Ibitoye OB. Dioscoreophyllum cumminsii (Stapf) Diels leaves halt high-fructose induced metabolic syndrome: Hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, inflammation and oxidative stress. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 192:471-479. [PMID: 27568876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Dioscoreophyllum cumminsii is widely used in the management and treatment of diabetes and obesity in Nigeria. This study evaluates the effect of aqueous leaf extract of D. cumminsii on high-fructose diet-induced metabolic syndrome. METHODS Seventy male rats were randomized into seven groups. All rats were fed with high-fructose diet for 9 weeks except groups A and C rats, which received control diet. In addition to the diet treatment, groups A and B rats received distilled water for 3 weeks starting from the seventh week of the experimental period. Rats in groups C-F orally received 400, 100, 200 and 400mg/kg body weight of aqueous leaf extract of D. cumminsii respectively, while group G received 300mg/kg bodyweight of metformin for 3 weeks starting from the seventh week. RESULTS There was significant (p<0.05) reduction in high-fructose diet-mediated increase in body weight, body mass index, abdominal circumference, blood glucose, insulin, leptin and insulin resistance by aqueous leaf extract of D. cumminsii. Conversely, high-fructose diet-mediated decrease in adiponectin was reversed by the extract. Increased levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, atherogenic index, cardiac index and coronary artery index were significantly lowered by the extract, while high-fructose diet mediated decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was increased by the extract. Tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 levels increased significantly in high-fructose diet-fed rats, which were significantly reversed by the extract. High-fructose mediated-decrease in superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glutathione reduced were significantly reversed by aqueous leaf extract of D. cumminsii. Conversely, elevated levels of malondialdehyde, conjugated dienes, lipid hydroperoxides, protein carbonyl and fragmented DNA were significantly lowered by the extract. CONCLUSION Data generated in this study further laid credence to the hypoglycemic activity of aqueous leaf extract of D. cumminsii as evident from the reversal of hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, inflammation and oxidative stress in high-fructose diet-induced metabolic syndrome rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- T O Ajiboye
- Antioxidants, Free Radicals, Functional Foods and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Nigeria.
| | - H Aliyu
- Antioxidants, Free Radicals, Functional Foods and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - M A Tanimu
- Antioxidants, Free Radicals, Functional Foods and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - R M Muhammad
- Antioxidants, Free Radicals, Functional Foods and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - O B Ibitoye
- Antioxidants, Free Radicals, Functional Foods and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Nigeria
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Scallan JP, Zawieja SD, Castorena-Gonzalez JA, Davis MJ. Lymphatic pumping: mechanics, mechanisms and malfunction. J Physiol 2016; 594:5749-5768. [PMID: 27219461 PMCID: PMC5063934 DOI: 10.1113/jp272088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A combination of extrinsic (passive) and intrinsic (active) forces move lymph against a hydrostatic pressure gradient in most regions of the body. The effectiveness of the lymph pump system impacts not only interstitial fluid balance but other aspects of overall homeostasis. This review focuses on the mechanisms that regulate the intrinsic, active contractions of collecting lymphatic vessels in relation to their ability to actively transport lymph. Lymph propulsion requires not only robust contractions of lymphatic muscle cells, but contraction waves that are synchronized over the length of a lymphangion as well as properly functioning intraluminal valves. Normal lymphatic pump function is determined by the intrinsic properties of lymphatic muscle and the regulation of pumping by lymphatic preload, afterload, spontaneous contraction rate, contractility and neural influences. Lymphatic contractile dysfunction, barrier dysfunction and valve defects are common themes among pathologies that directly involve the lymphatic system, such as inherited and acquired forms of lymphoedema, and pathologies that indirectly involve the lymphatic system, such as inflammation, obesity and metabolic syndrome, and inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P Scallan
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Scott D Zawieja
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | | - Michael J Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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Wong SK, Chin KY, Suhaimi FH, Fairus A, Ima-Nirwana S. Animal models of metabolic syndrome: a review. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2016; 13:65. [PMID: 27708685 PMCID: PMC5050917 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-016-0123-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) consists of several medical conditions that collectively predict the risk for cardiovascular disease better than the sum of individual conditions. The risk of developing MetS in human depends on synergy of both genetic and environmental factors. Being a multifactorial condition with alarming rate of prevalence nowadays, establishment of appropriate experimental animal models mimicking the disease state in humans is crucial in order to solve the difficulties in evaluating the pathophysiology of MetS in human. This review aims to summarize the underlying mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of dietary, genetic, and pharmacological models of MetS. Furthermore, we will discuss the usefulness, suitability, pros and cons of these animal models. Even though numerous animal models of MetS have been established, further investigations on the invention of new animal model and clarification of plausible mechanisms are still necessary to confer a better understanding to researchers on the selection of animal models for their studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sok Kuan Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Farihah Hj Suhaimi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Fairus
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Soelaiman Ima-Nirwana
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
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Zawieja SD, Wang W, Chakraborty S, Zawieja DC, Muthuchamy M. Macrophage alterations within the mesenteric lymphatic tissue are associated with impairment of lymphatic pump in metabolic syndrome. Microcirculation 2016; 23:558-570. [PMID: 27588380 PMCID: PMC5083172 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The intrinsic lymphatic pump is critical to proper lymph transport and is impaired in models of the MetSyn. Lymphatic contractile inhibition under inflammatory conditions has been linked with elevated NO production by activated myeloid-derived cells. Hence we hypothesized that inhibition of the MLV pump function in MetSyn animals was dependent on NO and was associated with altered macrophage recruitment and polarization within the MLV. METHODS We used a high fructose-fed rat model of MetSyn. Macrophage polarization was determined by whole mount immunofluorescence in mesenteric neurovascular bundles based on expression of CD163, CD206, and MHCII. We also utilized isolated vessel isobaric preparations to determine the role for elevated NO production in the inhibition of MLV contractility. Both LECs and LMCs were used to assess the cytokines and chemokines to test how the lymphatic cells response to inflammatory conditions. RESULTS Data demonstrated a greater accumulation of M1-skewed (CD163+ MHCII+ ) macrophages that were observed both within the perivascular adipose tissue and invested along the lymphatic vessels in MetSyn rats when compared to control rats. LECs and LMCs basally express the macrophage maturation polarization cytokines monocyte colony-stimulating factor and dramatically up regulate the M1 promoting cytokine granulocyte/monocyte colony-stimulating factor in response to lipopolysaccharide stimulation. MetSyn MLVs exhibited altered phasic contraction frequency. Incubation of MetSyn MLVs with LNAME or Glib had a partial restoration of lymphatic contraction frequency. CONCLUSION The data presented here provide the first evidence for a correlation between alterations in macrophage status and lymphatic dysfunction that is partially mediated by NO and KATP channel in MetSyn rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Zawieja
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute Division of Lymphatic Biology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute Division of Lymphatic Biology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Sanjukta Chakraborty
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute Division of Lymphatic Biology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA
| | - David C Zawieja
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute Division of Lymphatic Biology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Mariappan Muthuchamy
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute Division of Lymphatic Biology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA.
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The Relationship between Metabolic Syndrome and Osteoporosis: A Review. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8060347. [PMID: 27338453 PMCID: PMC4924188 DOI: 10.3390/nu8060347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and osteoporosis are two major healthcare problems worldwide. Metabolic syndrome is a constellation of medical conditions consisting of central obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, in which each acts on bone tissue in different ways. The growing prevalence of MetS and osteoporosis in the population along with the controversial findings on the relationship between both conditions suggest the importance for further investigation and discussion on this topic. This review aims to assess the available evidence on the effects of each component of MetS on bone metabolism from the conventional to the contemporary. Previous studies suggested that the two conditions shared some common underlying pathways, which include regulation of calcium homeostasis, receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)/receptor activator of the NF-κB (RANK)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) and Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathways. In conclusion, we suggest that MetS may have a potential role in developing osteoporosis and more studies are necessary to further prove this hypothesis.
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Ajiboye TO, Raji HO, Adeleye AO, Adigun NS, Giwa OB, Ojewuyi OB, Oladiji AT. Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx palliates insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and oxidative rout in fructose-induced metabolic syndrome rats. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:1522-1531. [PMID: 25965053 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx extract was evaluated in high-fructose-induced metabolic syndrome rats. Insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and oxidative rout were induced in rats using high-fructose diet. High-fructose diet-fed rats were administered 100 and 200 mg kg(-1) body weight of H. sabdariffa extract for 3 weeks, starting from week 7 of high-fructose diet treatment. RESULTS High-fructose diet significantly (P < 0.05) increased the serum levels of blood glucose, insulin, total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TAG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDLc), with a concomitant reduction in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc). These alterations were significantly ameliorated by the extract. High-fructose diet-mediated decreases in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GSH-red) and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (Glc 6-PD) were significantly (P < 0.05) attenuated. Altered levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) were significantly (P < 0.05) restored to normal. High-fructose diet-mediated increases in the concentrations of malondialdehyde, conjugated dienes, lipid hydroperoxides, protein carbonyl and percentage fragmented DNA were significantly (P < 0.05) lowered by the Hibiscus extract. CONCLUSION Overall, aqueous extract of H. sabdariffa palliates insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and oxidative rout in high-fructose-induced metabolic syndrome rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taofeek O Ajiboye
- Antioxidants, Free Radicals, Functional Foods and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Hikmat O Raji
- Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Sciences, Fountain University, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Oluwayemisi B Ojewuyi
- Antioxidants, Free Radicals, Functional Foods and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Nigeria
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Pereira CD, Severo M, Neves D, Ascensão A, Magalhães J, Guimarães JT, Monteiro R, Martins MJ. Natural mineral-rich water ingestion improves hepatic and fat glucocorticoid-signaling and increases sirtuin 1 in an animal model of metabolic syndrome. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2015; 21:149-57. [PMID: 25720087 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2014-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently reported protection against metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) induction and endothelial dysfunction by natural mineral-rich water intake in fructose-fed Sprague-Dawley rats. As glucocorticoids are critical to MetSyn development, we aimed to further characterize the beneficial effects of mineral-rich water intake in that animal model, by assessing relevant effectors in glucocorticoid-signaling in liver and subcutaneous (SCAT) and visceral (VAT) adipose tissues, sites with a central role in metabolic (dys)regulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult male rats had free access to standard diet and different drinking solutions (8 weeks): a) tap water (CONT), b) 10% fructose/tap water (FRUCT) or c) 10% fructose/mineral-rich water (FRUCTMIN). 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1-α) and sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) tissue protein expressions were evaluated by Western blot. Plasma corticosterone (ELISA) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) levels were quantified spectrophotometrically. RESULTS Expectedly, Sirt1 and PGC1-α significantly decreased in liver, 11β-HSD1 tended to increase in VAT and tended to decrease in liver and SCAT, and plasma corticosterone tended to increase in FRUCT vs. CONT. Mineral-rich water showed a trend towards a reduction of these fructose effects and significantly increased hepatic Sirt1 vs. CONT and FRUCT. GR significantly increased in VAT and plasma NEFA strongly tended to increase in FRUCTMIN vs. CONT and FRUCT. CONCLUSIONS Glucocorticoid-signaling was different among SCAT and VAT and also in liver. Mineral-rich water modulation of fructose effects on glucocorticoid-signaling and Sirt1 underlines the better metabolic profile found earlier.
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Pereira CD, Severo M, Rafael L, Martins MJ, Neves D. Effects of natural mineral-rich water consumption on the expression of sirtuin 1 and angiogenic factors in the erectile tissue of rats with fructose-induced metabolic syndrome. Asian J Androl 2015; 16:631-8. [PMID: 24625878 PMCID: PMC4104095 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.122869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Consuming a high-fructose diet induces metabolic syndrome (MS)-like features, including endothelial dysfunction. Erectile dysfunction is an early manifestation of endothelial dysfunction and systemic vascular disease. Because mineral deficiency intensifies the deleterious effects of fructose consumption and mineral ingestion is protective against MS, we aimed to characterize the effects of 8 weeks of natural mineral-rich water consumption on the structural organization and expression of vascular growth factors and receptors on the corpus cavernosum (CC) in 10% fructose-fed Sprague-Dawley rats (FRUCT). Differences were not observed in the organization of the CC either on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or the components of the angiopoietins/Tie2 system. However, opposing expression patterns were observed for VEGF receptors (an increase and a decrease for VEGFR1 and VEGFR2, respectively) in FRUCT animals, with these patterns being strengthened by mineral-rich water ingestion. Mineral-rich water ingestion (FRUCTMIN) increased the proportion of smooth muscle cells compared with FRUCT rats and induced an upregulatory tendency of sirtuin 1 expression compared with the control and FRUCT groups. Western blot results were consistent with the dual immunofluorescence evaluation. Plasma oxidized low-density lipoprotein and plasma testosterone levels were similar among the experimental groups, although a tendency for an increase in the former was observed in the FRUCTMIN group. The mineral-rich water-treated rats presented changes similar to those observed in rats treated with MS-protective polyphenol-rich beverages or subjected to energy restriction, which led us to hypothesize that the effects of mineral-rich water consumption may be more vast than those directly observed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cidália D Pereira
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal
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Madariaga YG, Cárdenas MB, Irsula MT, Alfonso OC, Cáceres BA, Morgado EB. Assessment of four experimental models of hyperlipidemia. Lab Anim (NY) 2015; 44:135-40. [DOI: 10.1038/laban.710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Keating E, Correia-Branco A, Araújo JR, Meireles M, Fernandes R, Guardão L, Guimarães JT, Martel F, Calhau C. Excess perigestational folic acid exposure induces metabolic dysfunction in post-natal life. J Endocrinol 2015; 224:245-59. [PMID: 25663705 DOI: 10.1530/joe-14-0448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to understand whether high folic acid (HFA) exposure during the perigestational period induces metabolic dysfunction in the offspring, later in life. To do this, female Sprague-Dawley rats (G0) were administered a dose of folic acid (FA) recommended for pregnancy (control, C, 2 mg FA/kg of diet, n=5) or a high dose of FA (HFA, 40 mg FA/kg of diet, n=5). Supplementation began at mating and lasted throughout pregnancy and lactation. Body weight and food and fluid intake were monitored in G0 and their offspring (G1) till G1 were 13 months of age. Metabolic blood profiles were assessed in G1 at 3 and 13 months of age (3M and 13M respectively). Both G0 and G1 HFA females had increased body weight gain when compared with controls, particularly 22 (G0) and 10 (G1) weeks after FA supplementation had been stopped. G1 female offspring of HFA mothers had increased glycemia at 3M, and both female and male G1 offspring of HFA mothers had decreased glucose tolerance at 13M, when compared with matched controls. At 13M, G1 female offspring of HFA mothers had increased insulin and decreased adiponectin levels, and G1 male offspring of HFA mothers had increased levels of leptin, when compared with matched controls. In addition, feeding of fructose to adult offspring revealed that perigestational exposure to HFA renders female progeny more susceptible to developing metabolic unbalance upon such a challenge. The results of this work indicate that perigestational HFA exposure the affects long-term metabolic phenotype of the offspring, predisposing them to an insulin-resistant state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Keating
- Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT)Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalSchool of BiotechnologyCenter for Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry, Portuguese Catholic University, 4200-072 Porto, PortugalFaculty of Nutrition and Food SciencesUniversity of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalAnimal FacilityFaculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, PortugalDepartment of Clinical PathologySão João Hospital Center, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalISPUP-EPIUnitInstitute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, PortugalCINTESIS - Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information SystemsUniversity of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT)Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalSchool of BiotechnologyCenter for Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry, Portuguese Catholic University, 4200-072 Porto, PortugalFaculty of Nutrition and Food SciencesUniversity of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalAnimal FacilityFaculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, PortugalDepartment of Clinical PathologySão João Hospital Center, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalISPUP-EPIUnitInstitute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, PortugalCINTESIS - Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information SystemsUniversity of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Correia-Branco
- Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT)Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalSchool of BiotechnologyCenter for Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry, Portuguese Catholic University, 4200-072 Porto, PortugalFaculty of Nutrition and Food SciencesUniversity of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalAnimal FacilityFaculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, PortugalDepartment of Clinical PathologySão João Hospital Center, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalISPUP-EPIUnitInstitute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, PortugalCINTESIS - Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information SystemsUniversity of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - João R Araújo
- Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT)Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalSchool of BiotechnologyCenter for Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry, Portuguese Catholic University, 4200-072 Porto, PortugalFaculty of Nutrition and Food SciencesUniversity of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalAnimal FacilityFaculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, PortugalDepartment of Clinical PathologySão João Hospital Center, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalISPUP-EPIUnitInstitute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, PortugalCINTESIS - Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information SystemsUniversity of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Meireles
- Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT)Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalSchool of BiotechnologyCenter for Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry, Portuguese Catholic University, 4200-072 Porto, PortugalFaculty of Nutrition and Food SciencesUniversity of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalAnimal FacilityFaculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, PortugalDepartment of Clinical PathologySão João Hospital Center, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalISPUP-EPIUnitInstitute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, PortugalCINTESIS - Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information SystemsUniversity of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Fernandes
- Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT)Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalSchool of BiotechnologyCenter for Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry, Portuguese Catholic University, 4200-072 Porto, PortugalFaculty of Nutrition and Food SciencesUniversity of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalAnimal FacilityFaculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, PortugalDepartment of Clinical PathologySão João Hospital Center, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalISPUP-EPIUnitInstitute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, PortugalCINTESIS - Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information SystemsUniversity of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT)Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalSchool of BiotechnologyCenter for Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry, Portuguese Catholic University, 4200-072 Porto, PortugalFaculty of Nutrition and Food SciencesUniversity of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalAnimal FacilityFaculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, PortugalDepartment of Clinical PathologySão João Hospital Center, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalISPUP-EPIUnitInstitute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, PortugalCINTESIS - Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information SystemsUniversity of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luísa Guardão
- Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT)Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalSchool of BiotechnologyCenter for Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry, Portuguese Catholic University, 4200-072 Porto, PortugalFaculty of Nutrition and Food SciencesUniversity of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalAnimal FacilityFaculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, PortugalDepartment of Clinical PathologySão João Hospital Center, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalISPUP-EPIUnitInstitute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, PortugalCINTESIS - Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information SystemsUniversity of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - João T Guimarães
- Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT)Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalSchool of BiotechnologyCenter for Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry, Portuguese Catholic University, 4200-072 Porto, PortugalFaculty of Nutrition and Food SciencesUniversity of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalAnimal FacilityFaculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, PortugalDepartment of Clinical PathologySão João Hospital Center, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalISPUP-EPIUnitInstitute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, PortugalCINTESIS - Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information SystemsUniversity of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT)Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalSchool of BiotechnologyCenter for Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry, Portuguese Catholic University, 4200-072 Porto, PortugalFaculty of Nutrition and Food SciencesUniversity of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalAnimal FacilityFaculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, PortugalDepartment of Clinical PathologySão João Hospital Center, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalISPUP-EPIUnitInstitute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, PortugalCINTESIS - Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information SystemsUniversity of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT)Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalSchool of BiotechnologyCenter for Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry, Portuguese Catholic University, 4200-072 Porto, PortugalFaculty of Nutrition and Food SciencesUniversity of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalAnimal FacilityFaculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, PortugalDepartment of Clinical PathologySão João Hospital Center, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalISPUP-EPIUnitInstitute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, PortugalCINTESIS - Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information SystemsUniversity of Porto, 420
| | - Fátima Martel
- Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT)Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalSchool of BiotechnologyCenter for Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry, Portuguese Catholic University, 4200-072 Porto, PortugalFaculty of Nutrition and Food SciencesUniversity of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalAnimal FacilityFaculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, PortugalDepartment of Clinical PathologySão João Hospital Center, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalISPUP-EPIUnitInstitute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, PortugalCINTESIS - Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information SystemsUniversity of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Conceição Calhau
- Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT)Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalSchool of BiotechnologyCenter for Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry, Portuguese Catholic University, 4200-072 Porto, PortugalFaculty of Nutrition and Food SciencesUniversity of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalAnimal FacilityFaculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, PortugalDepartment of Clinical PathologySão João Hospital Center, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalISPUP-EPIUnitInstitute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, PortugalCINTESIS - Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information SystemsUniversity of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT)Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalSchool of BiotechnologyCenter for Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry, Portuguese Catholic University, 4200-072 Porto, PortugalFaculty of Nutrition and Food SciencesUniversity of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalAnimal FacilityFaculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, PortugalDepartment of Clinical PathologySão João Hospital Center, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalISPUP-EPIUnitInstitute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, PortugalCINTESIS - Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information SystemsUniversity of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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Wu KL, Chao YM, Tsay SJ, Chen CH, Chan SH, Dovinova I, Chan JY. Role of Nitric Oxide Synthase Uncoupling at Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla in Redox-Sensitive Hypertension Associated With Metabolic Syndrome. Hypertension 2014; 64:815-24. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.114.03777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is rapidly becoming prevalent worldwide, is long known to be associated with hypertension and recently with oxidative stress. Of note is that oxidative stress in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), where sympathetic premotor neurons reside, contributes to sympathoexcitation and hypertension. This study sought to identify the source of tissue oxidative stress in RVLM and their roles in neural mechanism of hypertension associated with MetS. Adult normotensive rats subjected to a high-fructose diet for 8 weeks developed metabolic traits of MetS, alongside increases in sympathetic vasomotor activity and blood pressure. In RVLM of these MetS rats, the tissue level of reactive oxygen species was increased, nitric oxide (NO) was decreased, and mitochondrial electron transport capacity was reduced. Whereas the protein expression of neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) or protein inhibitor of nNOS was increased, the ratio of nNOS dimer/monomer was significantly decreased. Oral intake of pioglitazone or intracisternal infusion of tempol or coenzyme Q
10
significantly abrogated all those molecular events in high-fructose diet–fed rats and ameliorated sympathoexcitation and hypertension. Gene silencing of protein inhibitor of nNOS mRNA in RVLM using lentivirus carrying small hairpin RNA inhibited protein inhibitor of nNOS expression, increased the ratio of nNOS dimer/monomer, restored NO content, and alleviated oxidative stress in RVLM of high-fructose diet–fed rats, alongside significantly reduced sympathoexcitation and hypertension. These results suggest that redox-sensitive and protein inhibitor of nNOS–mediated nNOS uncoupling is engaged in a vicious cycle that sustains the production of reactive oxygen species in RVLM, resulting in sympathoexcitation and hypertension associated with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay L.H. Wu
- From the Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (K.L.H.W., Y.M.C., S.H.H.C., J.Y.H.C.); Institute of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (S.J.T.); Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (C.H.C.); and Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia (I.D.)
| | - Yung-Mei Chao
- From the Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (K.L.H.W., Y.M.C., S.H.H.C., J.Y.H.C.); Institute of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (S.J.T.); Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (C.H.C.); and Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia (I.D.)
| | - Shiow-Jen Tsay
- From the Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (K.L.H.W., Y.M.C., S.H.H.C., J.Y.H.C.); Institute of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (S.J.T.); Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (C.H.C.); and Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia (I.D.)
| | - Chen Hsiu Chen
- From the Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (K.L.H.W., Y.M.C., S.H.H.C., J.Y.H.C.); Institute of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (S.J.T.); Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (C.H.C.); and Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia (I.D.)
| | - Samuel H.H. Chan
- From the Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (K.L.H.W., Y.M.C., S.H.H.C., J.Y.H.C.); Institute of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (S.J.T.); Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (C.H.C.); and Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia (I.D.)
| | - Ima Dovinova
- From the Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (K.L.H.W., Y.M.C., S.H.H.C., J.Y.H.C.); Institute of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (S.J.T.); Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (C.H.C.); and Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia (I.D.)
| | - Julie Y.H. Chan
- From the Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (K.L.H.W., Y.M.C., S.H.H.C., J.Y.H.C.); Institute of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (S.J.T.); Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (C.H.C.); and Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia (I.D.)
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Araújo JR, Martel F, Keating E. Exposure to non-nutritive sweeteners during pregnancy and lactation: Impact in programming of metabolic diseases in the progeny later in life. Reprod Toxicol 2014; 49:196-201. [PMID: 25263228 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The nutritional environment during embryonic, fetal and neonatal development plays a crucial role in the offspring's risk of developing diseases later in life. Although non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) provide sweet taste without contributing to energy intake, animal studies showed that long-term consumption of NSS, particularly aspartame, starting during the perigestational period may predispose the offspring to develop obesity and metabolic syndrome later in life. In this paper, we review the impact of NNS exposure during the perigestational period on the long-term disease risk of the offspring, with a particular focus on metabolic diseases. Some mechanisms underlying NNS adverse metabolic effects have been proposed, such as an increase in intestinal glucose absorption, alterations in intestinal microbiota, induction of oxidative stress and a dysregulation of appetite and reward responses. The data reviewed herein suggest that NNS consumption by pregnant and lactating women should be looked with particular caution and requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Ricardo Araújo
- Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Fátima Martel
- Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Elisa Keating
- Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; Center for Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry, School of Biotechnology, Portuguese Catholic University, 4200-702 Porto, Portugal
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Tagzirt M, Corseaux D, Pasquesoone L, Mouquet F, Roma-Lavisse C, Ung A, Lorenzi R, Jude B, Elkalioubie A, Van Belle E, Susen S, Dupont A. Alterations in neutrophil production and function at an early stage in the high-fructose rat model of metabolic syndrome. Am J Hypertens 2014; 27:1096-104. [PMID: 25103937 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpu021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although neutrophils are crucially involved in inflammation, they have received only little attention in metabolic syndrome (MetS). We hypothesized that neutrophil infiltration into adipose tissue (AT) may occur at an early stage of MetS, in association with modulation of major functions of neutrophils and of their bone marrow production. METHODS Fifty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed regular (control rats (CRs)) or high-fructose (60%; fructose-fed rats (FFRs)) diets. After 6 weeks, metabolic parameters were measured. Distribution of neutrophils into AT was investigated by immunohistochemistry. Function of circulating neutrophils (activation, reactive oxygen species production, phagocytosis, and apoptosis) was determined by flow cytometry. Granulopoiesis was evaluated by measuring the number and survival characteristics of neutrophil progenitors using bone marrow culture assays and flow cytometry. RESULTS Compared with the CR group, the FFR group developed MetS (i.e., arterial hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, fasting hyperglycemia, and greater intra-abdominal AT volume) and presented higher neutrophil infiltration into AT. At resting state, no significant difference for circulating neutrophil functions was observed between the 2 groups. In contrast, circulating neutrophils from the FFR group exhibited higher responses to phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate for all studied functions, compared with the CR group, suggesting that early MetS induces neutrophil priming. In parallel, a diminished clonal capacity and an increased apoptosis in bone marrow-derived granulocyte progenitors and neutrophil precursors were observed in the FFR group compared with the CR group. CONCLUSIONS These results provide evidence of an increased infiltration into intra-abdominal AT and modified production, function, and phenotype of neutrophils at an early stage of high-fructose diet-induced MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Alexandre Ung
- EA 2693, Univ Lille Nord de France, UDSL, Lille, France
| | | | - Brigitte Jude
- EA 2693, Univ Lille Nord de France, UDSL, Lille, France; Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Department and Hematology Department, University Hospital, Lille, France
| | | | - Eric Van Belle
- EA 2693, Univ Lille Nord de France, UDSL, Lille, France; Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Department and Hematology Department, University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Sophie Susen
- EA 2693, Univ Lille Nord de France, UDSL, Lille, France; Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Department and Hematology Department, University Hospital, Lille, France
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Jiang S, Ren D, Li J, Yuan G, Li H, Xu G, Han X, Du P, An L. Effects of compound K on hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Fitoterapia 2014; 95:58-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Intake of Tibetan hull-less barley is associated with a reduced risk of metabolic related syndrome in rats fed high-fat-sucrose diets. Nutrients 2014; 6:1635-48. [PMID: 24763110 PMCID: PMC4011056 DOI: 10.3390/nu6041635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the effects of whole grain Tibetan hull-less barley on metabolic related syndrome induced by high-fat-sucrose diets in rats. The diets were designed to reflect the dietary patterns of Chinese individuals (>30% energy fat) with refined wheat flour (HFS-W) or Tibetan hull-less barley (HFS-THB) as the main carbohydrate sources. Rats fed HFS-W had increased body weight, abdominal fat deposition, liver weight, liver fat deposition, triglyceride (TG), fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum fasting insulin (FINS), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) scores, and decreased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels compared to rats fed a basal diet (BD). However, rats fed HFS-THB had reduced body weight gain, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. These findings indicate that whole Tibetan hull-less barley is a functional food that can reduce the prevalence of metabolic related syndrome induced by high-fat-sucrose diets.
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Eizenberg Y, Grossman E, Peleg E, Shabtai Z, Sharabi Y. Neutral endopeptidase inhibitor versus angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor in a rat model of the metabolic syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 8:227-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Felice JI, Gangoiti MV, Molinuevo MS, McCarthy AD, Cortizo AM. Effects of a metabolic syndrome induced by a fructose-rich diet on bone metabolism in rats. Metabolism 2014; 63:296-305. [PMID: 24355623 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were: first, to evaluate the possible effects of a fructose rich diet (FRD)-induced metabolic syndrome (MS) on different aspects of long bone histomorphometry in young male rats; second, to investigate the effects of this diet on bone tissue regeneration; and third, to correlate these morphometric alterations with changes in the osteogenic/adipogenic potential and expression of specific transcription factors, of marrow stromal cells (MSC) isolated from rats with fructose-induced MS. MATERIALS/METHODS MS was induced in rats by treatment with a FRD for 28 days. Halfway through treatment, a parietal wound was made and bone healing was evaluated 14 days later. After treatments, histomorphometric analysis was performed in dissected femoral and parietal bones. MSC were isolated from the femora of control or fructose-treated rats and differentiated either to osteoblasts (evaluated by type 1 collagen, Alkaline phosphatase and extracellular nodule mineralization) or to adipocytes (evaluated by intracellular triglyceride accumulation). Expression of Runx2 and PPARγ was assessed by Western blot. RESULTS Fructose-induced MS induced deleterious effects on femoral metaphysis microarchitecture and impaired bone regeneration. Fructose treatment decreased the osteogenic potential of MSC and Runx2 expression. In addition, it increased the adipogenic commitment of MSC and PPARγ expression. CONCLUSIONS Fructose-induced MS is associated with deleterious effects on bone microarchitecture and with a decrease in bone repair. These alterations could be due to a deviation in the adipogenic/osteogenic commitment of MSC, probably by modulation of the Runx2/PPARγ ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ignacio Felice
- LIOMM (Laboratorio de Investigación en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral), Department of Biological Sciences, School of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - María Virginia Gangoiti
- LIOMM (Laboratorio de Investigación en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral), Department of Biological Sciences, School of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - María Silvina Molinuevo
- LIOMM (Laboratorio de Investigación en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral), Department of Biological Sciences, School of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Antonio Desmond McCarthy
- LIOMM (Laboratorio de Investigación en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral), Department of Biological Sciences, School of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Ana María Cortizo
- LIOMM (Laboratorio de Investigación en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral), Department of Biological Sciences, School of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.
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Wu KLH, Hung CY, Chan JYH, Wu CW. An increase in adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) content in rostral ventrolateral medulla is engaged in the high fructose diet-induced hypertension. J Biomed Sci 2014; 21:8. [PMID: 24467657 PMCID: PMC3913325 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-21-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The increase in fructose ingestion has been linked to overdrive of sympathetic activity and hypertension associated with the metabolic syndrome. The premotor neurons for generation of sympathetic vasomotor activity reside in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM). Activation of RVLM results in sympathoexcitation and hypertension. Neurons in the central nervous system are able to utilize fructose as a carbon source of ATP production. We examined in this study whether fructose affects ATP content in RVLM and its significance in the increase in central sympathetic outflow and hypertension induced by the high fructose diet (HFD). Results In normotensive rats fed with high fructose diet (HFD) for 12 weeks, there was a significant increase in tissue ATP content in RVLM, accompanied by the increases in the sympathetic vasomotor activity and blood pressure. These changes were blunted by intracisternal infusion of an ATP synthase inhibitor, oligomycin, to the HFD-fed animals. In the catecholaminergic-containing N2a cells, fructose dose-dependently upregulated the expressions of glucose transporter 2 and 5 (GluT2, 5) and the rate-limiting enzyme of fructolysis, ketohexokinase (KHK), leading to the increases in pyruvate and ATP production, as well as the release of the neurotransmitter, dopamine. These cellular events were significantly prevented after the gene knocking down by lentiviral transfection of small hairpin RNA against KHK. Conclusion These results suggest that increases in ATP content in RVLM may be engaged in the augmented sympathetic vasomotor activity and hypertension associated with the metabolic syndrome induced by the HFD. At cellular level, the increase in pyruvate levels via fructolysis is involved in the fructose-induced ATP production and the release of neurotransmitter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay L H Wu
- Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
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Pereira CD, Severo M, Araújo JR, Guimarães JT, Pestana D, Santos A, Ferreira R, Ascensão A, Magalhães J, Azevedo I, Monteiro R, Martins MJ. Relevance of a Hypersaline Sodium-Rich Naturally Sparkling Mineral Water to the Protection against Metabolic Syndrome Induction in Fructose-Fed Sprague-Dawley Rats: A Biochemical, Metabolic, and Redox Approach. Int J Endocrinol 2014; 2014:384583. [PMID: 24672546 PMCID: PMC3941211 DOI: 10.1155/2014/384583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Metabolic Syndrome increases the risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Increased fructose consumption and/or mineral deficiency have been associated with Metabolic Syndrome development. This study aimed to investigate the effects of 8 weeks consumption of a hypersaline sodium-rich naturally sparkling mineral water on 10% fructose-fed Sprague-Dawley rats (Metabolic Syndrome animal model). The ingestion of the mineral water (rich in sodium bicarbonate and with higher potassium, calcium, and magnesium content than the tap water used as control) reduced/prevented not only the fructose-induced increase of heart rate, plasma triacylglycerols, insulin and leptin levels, hepatic catalase activity, and organ weight to body weight ratios (for liver and both kidneys) but also the decrease of hepatic glutathione peroxidase activity and oxidized glutathione content. This mineral-rich water seems to have potential to prevent Metabolic Syndrome induction by fructose. We hypothesize that its regular intake in the context of modern diets, which have a general acidic character interfering with mineral homeostasis and are poor in micronutrients, namely potassium, calcium, and magnesium, could add surplus value and attenuate imbalances, thus contributing to metabolic and redox health and, consequently, decreasing the risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cidália Dionísio Pereira
- Department of Biochemistry (U38/FCT), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Milton Severo
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - João Ricardo Araújo
- Department of Biochemistry (U38/FCT), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - João Tiago Guimarães
- Department of Biochemistry (U38/FCT), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Clinical Pathology, São João Hospital Centre, EPE, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Diogo Pestana
- Department of Biochemistry (U38/FCT), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Alejandro Santos
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Ferreira
- QOPNA, Mass Spectrometry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - António Ascensão
- CIAFEL, Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - José Magalhães
- CIAFEL, Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Azevedo
- Department of Biochemistry (U38/FCT), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rosário Monteiro
- Department of Biochemistry (U38/FCT), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria João Martins
- Department of Biochemistry (U38/FCT), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- *Maria João Martins:
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Rochette L, Lorin J, Zeller M, Guilland JC, Lorgis L, Cottin Y, Vergely C. Nitric oxide synthase inhibition and oxidative stress in cardiovascular diseases: Possible therapeutic targets? Pharmacol Ther 2013; 140:239-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Leibowitz A, Faltin Z, Perl A, Eshdat Y, Hagay Y, Peleg E, Grossman E. Red grape berry-cultured cells reduce blood pressure in rats with metabolic-like syndrome. Eur J Nutr 2013; 53:973-80. [PMID: 24158651 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-013-0601-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cumulative evidence suggests that moderate red wine consumption protects the cardiovascular system. The effect of cultured cells derived from red grape berry (RGC) on blood pressure (BP) has not been investigated. We therefore studied the antihypertensive effects of oral consumption of RGC in experimental rat model of metabolic-like syndrome and assessed its effect on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). METHODS Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed for 5 weeks with either a high fructose diet (HFD) (n = 10) or HFD supplemented, during the last 2 weeks, with different doses (200, 400 and 800 mg/kg/day) of RGC suspended in their food (n = 30). BP, plasma triglycerides, insulin and adiponectin levels were measured at the beginning and after 3 and 5 weeks of diet. RGC effect on vasodilatation was evaluated by its ability to affect endothelin-1 (ET-1) production and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression in HUVECs. RESULTS BP, plasma triglycerides, insulin and adiponectin increased significantly in rats fed with a HFD. The increase in BP, plasma triglycerides and insulin was attenuated by RGC supplementation. Incubation of HUVECs with RGC demonstrated a concentration-dependent inhibition of ET-1 secretion and increase in the level of eNOS, signaling a positive effect of RGC on vasodilatation. CONCLUSION In rats with metabolic-like syndrome, RGC decreased BP and improved metabolic parameters. These beneficial effects may be mediated by the cell constituents, highly rich with polyphenols and resveratrol, reside in their natural state.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Leibowitz
- Internal Medicine D and the Hypertension Unit, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, 52621, Tel-Hashomer, Israel,
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Sugared water consumption by adult offspring of mothers fed a protein-restricted diet during pregnancy results in increased offspring adiposity: the second hit effect. Br J Nutr 2013; 111:616-24. [PMID: 24124655 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114513003000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Poor maternal nutrition predisposes offspring to metabolic disease. This predisposition is modified by various postnatal factors. We hypothesised that coupled to the initial effects of developmental programming due to a maternal low-protein diet, a second hit resulting from increased offspring postnatal sugar consumption would lead to additional changes in metabolism and adipose tissue function. The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of sugared water consumption (5% sucrose in the drinking-water) on adult offspring adiposity as a 'second hit' following exposure to maternal protein restriction during pregnancy. We studied four offspring groups: (1) offspring of mothers fed the control diet (C); (2) offspring of mothers fed the restricted protein diet (R); (3) offspring of control mothers that drank sugared water (C-S); (4) offspring of restricted mothers that drank sugared water (R-S). Maternal diet in pregnancy was considered the first factor and sugared water consumption as the second factor - the second hit. Body weight and total energy consumption, before and after sugared water consumption, were similar in all the groups. Sugared water consumption increased TAG, insulin and cholesterol concentrations in both the sexes of the C-S and R-S offspring. Sugared water consumption increased leptin concentrations in the R-S females and males but not in the R offspring. There was also an interaction between sugared water and maternal diet in males. Sugared water consumption increased adipocyte size and adiposity index in both females and males, but the interaction with maternal diet was observed only in females. Adiposity index and plasma leptin concentrations were positively correlated in both the sexes. The present study shows that a second hit during adulthood can amplify the effects of higher adiposity arising due to poor maternal pregnancy diet in an offspring sex dependent fashion.
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Jiang S, Du P, An L, Yuan G, Sun Z. Anti-diabetic effect of Coptis Chinensis polysaccharide in high-fat diet with STZ-induced diabetic mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 55:118-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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