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Clayton TL. Obesity and hypertension: Obesity medicine association (OMA) clinical practice statement (CPS) 2023. OBESITY PILLARS (ONLINE) 2023; 8:100083. [PMID: 38125655 PMCID: PMC10728712 DOI: 10.1016/j.obpill.2023.100083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Background This Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) provides an overview of the mechanisms and treatment of obesity and hypertension. Methods The scientific support for this CPS is based upon published citations, clinical perspectives of OMA authors, and peer review by the Obesity Medicine Association leadership. Results Mechanisms contributing to obesity-related hypertension include unhealthful nutrition, physical inactivity, insulin resistance, increased sympathetic nervous system activity, renal dysfunction, vascular dysfunction, heart dysfunction, increased pancreatic insulin secretion, sleep apnea, and psychosocial stress. Adiposopathic factors that may contribute to hypertension include increased release of free fatty acids, increased leptin, decreased adiponectin, increased renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation, increased 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1, reduced nitric oxide activity, and increased inflammation. Conclusions Increase in body fat is the most common cause of hypertension. Among patients with obesity and hypertension, weight reduction via healthful nutrition, physical activity, behavior modification, bariatric surgery, and anti-obesity medications mostly decrease blood pressure, with the greatest degree of weight reduction generally correlated with the greatest degree of blood pressure reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Lowe Clayton
- Diplomate of American Board of Obesity Medicine, WakeMed Bariatric Surgery and Medical Weight Loss USA
- Campbell University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Buies Creek, NC 27546, Levine Hall Room 170 USA
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2
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Hassen HY, Sisay BG, Van Geertruyden JP, Le Goff D, Ndejjo R, Musinguzi G, Abrams S, Bastiaens H. Dietary outcomes of community-based CVD preventive interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:2480-2491. [PMID: 37191001 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980023000976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to synthesise available evidence on the effects of community-based interventions in improving various dietary outcome measures. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. SETTING We searched databases including Medline, EMBASE, PSYCINFO, CINAHL and the Cochrane registry for studies reported between January 2000 and June 2022. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias tools for each study type. For some of the outcomes, we pooled the effect size using a random-effects meta-analysis. PARTICIPANTS A total of fifty-one studies, thirty-three randomised and eighteen non-randomised, involving 100 746 participants were included. RESULTS Overall, thirty-seven studies found a statistically significant difference in at least one dietary outcome measure favouring the intervention group, whereas fourteen studies found no statistically significant difference. Our meta-analyses indicated that, compared with controls, interventions were effective in decreasing daily energy intake (MJ/d) (mean difference (MD): -0·25; 95 % CI: -0·37, -0·14), fat % of energy (MD: -1·01; 95 % CI: -1·76, -0·25) and saturated fat % of energy (MD: -1·54; 95 % CI: -2·01, -1·07). Furthermore, the interventions were effective in improving fibre intake (g/d) (MD: 1·08; 95 % CI: 0·39, 1·77). Effective interventions use various strategies including tailored individual lifestyle coaching, health education, health promotion activities, community engagement activities and/or structural changes. CONCLUSION This review shows the potential of improving dietary patterns through community-based CVD preventive interventions. Thus, development and implementation of context-specific preventive interventions could help to minimise dietary risk factors, which in turn decrease morbidity and mortality due to CVD and other non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Y Hassen
- Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp2610, Belgium
| | - Binyam G Sisay
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Jean-Pierre Van Geertruyden
- Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp2610, Belgium
| | - Delphine Le Goff
- Department of General Practice, University of Western Brittany, Brest, France
| | - Rawlance Ndejjo
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Geofrey Musinguzi
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Steven Abrams
- Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp2610, Belgium
- Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and statistical Bioinformatics, Data Science Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Hilde Bastiaens
- Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp2610, Belgium
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3
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Melo DDS, Costa Pereira L, Santos CS, Mendes BF, Konig IFM, Garcia BCC, Queiroz IP, Moreno LG, Cassilhas RC, Esteves EA, Vieira ER, Magalhães FDC, Capettini LDSA, Sousa RALD, Sampaio KH, Dias Peixoto MF. Intense Caloric Restriction from Birth Prevents Cardiovascular Aging in Rats. Rejuvenation Res 2023; 26:194-205. [PMID: 37694594 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2023.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that a 50% caloric restriction (CR) from birth improves several cardiometabolic risk factors in young rats. In this study, we investigated in middle-aged rats the consequences of a 50% CR from birth on cardiometabolic risk factors, heart function/morphology, ventricular arrhythmia, and fibrillation incidence, and cardiac intracellular proteins involved with redox status and cell survival. From birth to the age of 18 months, rats were divided into an Ad Libitum (AL18) group, which had free access to food, and a CR18 group, which had food limited to 50% of that consumed by the AL18. Resting metabolic rate, blood pressure, and heart rate were recorded, and oral glucose and intraperitoneal insulin tolerance tests were performed. Blood was collected for biochemical analyses, and visceral fat and liver were harvested and weighed. Hearts were harvested for cardiac function, histological, redox status, and western blot analyses. The 50% CR from birth potentially reduced several cardiometabolic risk factors in 18-month-old rats. Moreover, compared with AL18, the CR18 group showed a ∼50% increase in cardiac contractility and relaxation, nearly three to five times less incidence of ventricular arrhythmia and fibrillation, ∼18% lower cardiomyocyte diameter, and ∼60% lower cardiac fibrosis. CR18 hearts also improved biomarkers of antioxidant defense and cell survival. Collectively, these results reveal several metabolic and cardiac antiaging effects of a 50% CR from birth in middle-aged rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirceu de Sousa Melo
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Liliane Costa Pereira
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Carina Sousa Santos
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Bruno Ferreira Mendes
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | | | - Bruna Caroline Chaves Garcia
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Ilkilene Pinheiro Queiroz
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Lauane Gomes Moreno
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Cardoso Cassilhas
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Elizabethe Adriana Esteves
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Etel Rocha Vieira
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Flávio de Castro Magalhães
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Kinulpe Honorato Sampaio
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Marco Fabrício Dias Peixoto
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
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Gladka MM, Le Couteur DG, Simpson SJ. Midnight snacks might shorten your life: lifespan and healthspan advantages of eating less and at the right time. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:e108-e110. [PMID: 36690382 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Monika M Gladka
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David G Le Couteur
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen J Simpson
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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5
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Dietary Protein Restriction Improves Metabolic Dysfunction in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome in a Randomized, Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132670. [PMID: 35807851 PMCID: PMC9268415 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) reduces adiposity and improves metabolism in patients with one or more symptoms of metabolic syndrome. Nonetheless, it remains elusive whether the benefits of DR in humans are mediated by calorie or nutrient restriction. This study was conducted to determine whether isocaloric dietary protein restriction is sufficient to confer the beneficial effects of dietary restriction in patients with metabolic syndrome. We performed a prospective, randomized controlled dietary intervention under constant nutritional and medical supervision. Twenty-one individuals diagnosed with metabolic syndrome were randomly assigned for caloric restriction (CR; n = 11, diet of 5941 ± 686 KJ per day) or isocaloric dietary protein restriction (PR; n = 10, diet of 8409 ± 2360 KJ per day) and followed for 27 days. Like CR, PR promoted weight loss due to a reduction in adiposity, which was associated with reductions in blood glucose, lipid levels, and blood pressure. More strikingly, both CR and PR improved insulin sensitivity by 62.3% and 93.2%, respectively, after treatment. Fecal microbiome diversity was not affected by the interventions. Adipose tissue bulk RNA-Seq data revealed minor changes elicited by the interventions. After PR, terms related to leukocyte proliferation were enriched among the upregulated genes. Protein restriction is sufficient to confer almost the same clinical outcomes as calorie restriction without the need for a reduction in calorie intake. The isocaloric characteristic of the PR intervention makes this approach a more attractive and less drastic dietary strategy in clinical settings and has more significant potential to be used as adjuvant therapy for people with metabolic syndrome.
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6
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Maldonado M, Chen J, Duan H, Zhou S, Yang L, Raja MA, Huang T, Jiang G, Zhong Y. Effects of caloric overload before caloric restriction in the murine heart. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:2695-2719. [PMID: 35347086 PMCID: PMC9004582 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The beneficial effects of caloric restriction (CR) against cardiac aging and for prevention of cardiovascular diseases are numerous. However, to our knowledge, there is no scientific evidence about how a high-calorie diet (HCD) background influences the mechanisms underlying CR in whole heart tissue (WHT) in experimental murine models. In the current study, CR-treated mice with different alimentary backgrounds were subjected to transthoracic echocardiographic measurements. WHT was then analyzed to determine cardiac energetics, telomerase activity, the expression of energy-sensing networks, tissue-specific adiponectin, and cardiac precursor/cardiac stem cell markers. Animals with a balanced diet consumption before CR presented marked cardiac remodeling with improved ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS), enhanced OXPHOS complex I, III, and IV, and CKMT2 enzymatic activity. Mice fed an HCD before CR presented moderate changes in cardiac geometry with diminished EF and FS values, but improved OXPHOS complex IV and CKMT2 activity. Differences in cardiac remodeling, left ventricular systolic/diastolic performance, and mitochondrial energetics, found in the CR-treated mice with contrasting alimentary backgrounds, were corroborated by inconsistencies in the expression of mitochondrial-biogenesis-related markers and associated regulatory networks. In particular, disruption of eNOS and AMPK -PGC-1α-mTOR-related axes. The impact of a past habit of caloric overload on the effects of CR in the WHT is a scarcely explored subject that requires deeper study in combination with analyses of other tissues and organs at higher levels of organization within the organ system. Such research will eventually lead to the development of preventative and therapeutic strategies to promote health and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Maldonado
- Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Chengdu Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Jianying Chen
- Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Chengdu Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Huiqin Duan
- Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Chengdu Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Shuling Zhou
- Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Chengdu Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Lujun Yang
- Translational Medical Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Mazhar Ali Raja
- Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Chengdu Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Tianhua Huang
- Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Chengdu Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Gu Jiang
- Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Chengdu Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Ying Zhong
- Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Chengdu Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Chengdu 610066, China
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7
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Andrianova NV, Buyan MI, Bolikhova AK, Zorov DB, Plotnikov EY. Dietary Restriction for Kidney Protection: Decline in Nephroprotective Mechanisms During Aging. Front Physiol 2021; 12:699490. [PMID: 34295266 PMCID: PMC8291992 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.699490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) is believed to be one of the most promising approaches to extend life span of different animal species and to delay deleterious age-related physiological alterations and diseases. Among others, DR was shown to ameliorate acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, to date, a comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms of the protective effect of DR specifically in kidney pathologies has not been carried out. The protective properties of DR are mediated by a range of signaling pathways associated with adaptation to reduced nutrient intake. The adaptation is accompanied by a number of metabolic changes, such as autophagy activation, metabolic shifts toward lipid utilization and ketone bodies production, improvement of mitochondria functioning, and decreased oxidative stress. However, some studies indicated that with age, the gain of DR-mediated positive remodeling gradually decreases. This may be an obstacle if we seek to translate the DR approach into a clinic for the treatment of kidney diseases as most patients with AKI and CKD are elderly. It is well known that aging is accompanied by impairments in a huge variety of organs and systems, such as hormonal regulation, stress sensing, autophagy and proteasomal activity, gene expression, and epigenome profile, increased damage to macromolecules and organelles including mitochondria. All these age-associated changes might be the reasons for the reduced protective potential of the DR during aging. We summarized the available mechanisms of DR-mediated nephroprotection and described ways to improve the effectiveness of this approach for an aged kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezda V Andrianova
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina I Buyan
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia K Bolikhova
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry B Zorov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Egor Y Plotnikov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia
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8
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Zia A, Pourbagher-Shahri AM, Farkhondeh T, Samarghandian S. Molecular and cellular pathways contributing to brain aging. BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN FUNCTIONS : BBF 2021; 17:6. [PMID: 34118939 PMCID: PMC8199306 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-021-00179-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aging is the leading risk factor for several age-associated diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding the biology of aging mechanisms is essential to the pursuit of brain health. In this regard, brain aging is defined by a gradual decrease in neurophysiological functions, impaired adaptive neuroplasticity, dysregulation of neuronal Ca2+ homeostasis, neuroinflammation, and oxidatively modified molecules and organelles. Numerous pathways lead to brain aging, including increased oxidative stress, inflammation, disturbances in energy metabolism such as deregulated autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction, and IGF-1, mTOR, ROS, AMPK, SIRTs, and p53 as central modulators of the metabolic control, connecting aging to the pathways, which lead to neurodegenerative disorders. Also, calorie restriction (CR), physical exercise, and mental activities can extend lifespan and increase nervous system resistance to age-associated neurodegenerative diseases. The neuroprotective effect of CR involves increased protection against ROS generation, maintenance of cellular Ca2+ homeostasis, and inhibition of apoptosis. The recent evidence about the modem molecular and cellular methods in neurobiology to brain aging is exhibiting a significant potential in brain cells for adaptation to aging and resistance to neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliabbas Zia
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Pourbagher-Shahri
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences (BUMS), 9717853577 Birjand, Iran
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
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9
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Ren J, Wu NN, Wang S, Sowers JR, Zhang Y. Obesity cardiomyopathy: evidence, mechanisms, and therapeutic implications. Physiol Rev 2021; 101:1745-1807. [PMID: 33949876 PMCID: PMC8422427 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00030.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of heart failure is on the rise and imposes a major health threat, in part, due to the rapidly increased prevalence of overweight and obesity. To this point, epidemiological, clinical, and experimental evidence supports the existence of a unique disease entity termed “obesity cardiomyopathy,” which develops independent of hypertension, coronary heart disease, and other heart diseases. Our contemporary review evaluates the evidence for this pathological condition, examines putative responsible mechanisms, and discusses therapeutic options for this disorder. Clinical findings have consolidated the presence of left ventricular dysfunction in obesity. Experimental investigations have uncovered pathophysiological changes in myocardial structure and function in genetically predisposed and diet-induced obesity. Indeed, contemporary evidence consolidates a wide array of cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the etiology of obesity cardiomyopathy including adipose tissue dysfunction, systemic inflammation, metabolic disturbances (insulin resistance, abnormal glucose transport, spillover of free fatty acids, lipotoxicity, and amino acid derangement), altered intracellular especially mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis, oxidative stress, autophagy/mitophagy defect, myocardial fibrosis, dampened coronary flow reserve, coronary microvascular disease (microangiopathy), and endothelial impairment. Given the important role of obesity in the increased risk of heart failure, especially that with preserved systolic function and the recent rises in COVID-19-associated cardiovascular mortality, this review should provide compelling evidence for the presence of obesity cardiomyopathy, independent of various comorbid conditions, underlying mechanisms, and offer new insights into potential therapeutic approaches (pharmacological and lifestyle modification) for the clinical management of obesity cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ne N Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyi Wang
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.,University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, Wyoming
| | - James R Sowers
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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10
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Cardioprotective effects of severe calorie restriction from birth in adult ovariectomized rats. Life Sci 2021; 275:119411. [PMID: 33774029 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Menopause is a female condition induced by a reduction of ovarian hormone and is related to an increase in cardiovascular diseases in women. We have shown that severe calorie restriction (SCR) from birth reduces the cardiometabolic risk in adult male Wistar rats. In this study, we investigated the effects of SCR from birth to adulthood on cardiovascular function of ovariectomized rats. MAIN METHODS From birth to adulthood, rats were daily fed ad libitum (control group - C) or with 50% of the amount consumed by the control group (calorie-restricted group - R). At 90 days, half of the rats in each group underwent bilateral ovariectomy (OVX), totaling 4 groups: C-Sham, C-OVX, R-Sham, R-OVX. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate (HR) and, double product (DP) index were recorded by tail-cuff plethysmography. Cardiac function was analyzed by the Langendorff technique and cardiomyocyte diameter was accessed by histologic analysis. Additionally, cardiac SERCA2 content and redox status were evaluated. KEY FINDINGS C-OVX rats exhibited reduced cardiac function and cardiac non-enzymatic total antioxidant capacity (TAC). R-Sham animals showed reduced SBP, DP, HR, improved cardiac function, reduced cardiac protein carbonyl derivatives and increased TAC, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activities. R-OVX rats maintained reduced SBP, DP, HR, and increased contractility and relaxation indexes. R-Sham and R-OVX rats exhibited preserved heart mass and reduced cardiomyocyte diameter. Cardiac SERCA2 content did not differ between the groups. SIGNIFICANCE Taken together, our findings show cardioprotective effects of SCR from birth in adult ovariectomized rats.
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11
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Autophagy and Mitophagy as Essential Components of Atherosclerosis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020443. [PMID: 33669743 PMCID: PMC7922388 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the greatest health problems affecting people worldwide. Atherosclerosis, in turn, is one of the most common causes of cardiovascular disease. Due to the high mortality rate from cardiovascular diseases, prevention and treatment at the earliest stages become especially important. This requires developing a deep understanding of the mechanisms underlying the development of atherosclerosis. It is well-known that atherogenesis is a complex multi-component process that includes lipid metabolism disorders, inflammation, oxidative stress, autophagy disorders and mitochondrial dysfunction. Autophagy is a cellular control mechanism that is critical to maintaining health and survival. One of the specific forms of autophagy is mitophagy, which aims to control and remove defective mitochondria from the cell. Particularly defective mitophagy has been shown to be associated with atherogenesis. In this review, we consider the role of autophagy, focusing on a special type of it—mitophagy—in the context of its role in the development of atherosclerosis.
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12
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Niemann B, Li L, Simm A, Molenda N, Kockskämper J, Boening A, Rohrbach S. Caloric restriction reduces sympathetic activity similar to beta-blockers but conveys additional mitochondrio-protective effects in aged myocardium. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1931. [PMID: 33479375 PMCID: PMC7820280 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81438-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased activation of sympathetic nervous system contributes to congestive heart failure (CHF) progression, and inhibition of sympathetic overactivation by beta-blockers is successful in CHF patients. Similarly, caloric restriction (CR) reduces sympathetic activity but mediates additional effects. Here, we compared the cardiac effects of CR (− 40% kcal, 3 months) with beta-blocker therapy (BB), diuretic medication (DF) or control diet in 18-months-old Wistar rats. We continuously recorded blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature and activity with telemetric devices and analysed cardiac function, activated signalling cascades and markers of apoptosis and mitochondrial biogenesis. During our study, left ventricular (LV) systolic function improved markedly (CR), mildly (BB) or even deteriorated (DF; control). Diastolic function was preserved by CR and BB but impaired by DF. CR reduced blood pressure identical to DF and BB and heart rate identical to BB. Plasma noradrenaline was decreased by CR and BB but increased by DF. Only CR reduced LV oxidative damage and apoptosis, induced AMPK and Akt phosphorylation and increased mitochondrial biogenesis. Thus, additive to the reduction of sympathetic activity, CR achieves protective effects on mitochondria and improves LV function and ROS damage in aged hearts. CR mechanisms may provide additional therapeutic targets compared to traditional CHF therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Niemann
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Justus Liebig University Giessen and University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Giessen, Germany.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Ling Li
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Aulweg 129, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Simm
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.,Centre of Medical Basic Research, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Nicole Molenda
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Aulweg 129, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jens Kockskämper
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Boening
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Justus Liebig University Giessen and University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Giessen, Germany
| | - Susanne Rohrbach
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Aulweg 129, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
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13
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Kirkham AA, Beka V, Prado CM. The effect of caloric restriction on blood pressure and cardiovascular function: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:728-739. [PMID: 32675017 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Preclinical evidence suggests that caloric restriction is an effective therapy for a number of cardiovascular insults. Whether caloric restriction has cardio-protective effects in humans is not well understood. The aim was to systematically review and meta-analyze human randomized control trials (RCTs) testing the effect of caloric restriction on blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular function. METHODS A systematic review was performed using Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL (up to June 2017) to search for RCTs of adults receiving a calorie-restricted intervention versus a control/standard diet. Random-effect meta-analyses were performed to calculate weighted mean difference and 95% CI. RESULTS Thirty-two RCTs with 1722 participants assessing BP (n = 29 studies), heart rate (n = 10), VO2peak (n = 8), muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA, n = 4), and endothelial function (n = 4) were included. Calorie-restricted interventions lasting 1-4 weeks had the largest effect on systolic (-5.5 mmHg, p < 0.001, 95% CI: -3.8, -7.1) and diastolic (-2.9 mmHg, p = 0.005, 95% CI: -5.0, -0.9) BP, but no effect on HR. Interventions lasting 1.5-6 months had similar effects on BP, and reduced HR (-4.4 beats/minute, p < 0.001, 95% CI: -6.1,-2.8). Relative VO2peak improved (1.8 mL/kg/min, p < 0.001, 95% CI: 1.3, 2.2). There were also potential positive effects on MSNA and endothelial function. CONCLUSIONS The effect of 1-4 weeks of calorie restriction on BP was similar to that expected with medications, and larger than that reported for other lifestyle interventions or supplements. Cardiovascular risk could be further reduced by caloric restriction lasting up to six months to lower heart rate and improve VO2peak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy A Kirkham
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 2C9, Canada.
| | - Vanesa Beka
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2R3, Canada.
| | - Carla M Prado
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2R3, Canada.
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14
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Dias IR, Santos CDS, Magalhães CODE, de Oliveira LRS, Peixoto MFD, De Sousa RAL, Cassilhas RC. Does calorie restriction improve cognition? IBRO Rep 2020; 9:37-45. [PMID: 33336102 PMCID: PMC7733132 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibror.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) has been considered the most effective non-pharmacological intervention to counteract aging-related diseases and improve longevity. This intervention has shown beneficial effects in the prevention and treatment of several chronic diseases and functional declines related to aging, such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and neuroendocrine disorders. However, the effects of CR on cognition show controversial results since its effects vary according to intensity, duration, and the period of CR. This review focuses on the main studies published in the last ten years regarding the consequences of CR on cognition in different neurological diseases and conditions of experimental animals. Also, possible CR mimetics are discussed. These findings highlight the potential beneficial effects of CR of up to 40 % on cognition when started early in life in non human animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Rocha Dias
- Neuroplasticity and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neuroplasticidade e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.,Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences (PMPGCF), UFVJM, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Carina de Sousa Santos
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences (PMPGCF), UFVJM, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Caíque Olegário Diniz E Magalhães
- Neuroplasticity and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neuroplasticidade e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.,Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences (PMPGCF), UFVJM, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucas Renan Sena de Oliveira
- Neuroplasticity and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neuroplasticidade e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.,Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences (PMPGCF), UFVJM, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Marco Fabrício Dias Peixoto
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, MG, Brazil.,Neuroplasticity and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neuroplasticidade e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.,Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences (PMPGCF), UFVJM, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.,Post Graduation Program in Health Science (PPGCS), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa
- Neuroplasticity and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neuroplasticidade e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.,Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences (PMPGCF), UFVJM, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Cardoso Cassilhas
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, MG, Brazil.,Neuroplasticity and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neuroplasticidade e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.,Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences (PMPGCF), UFVJM, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.,Post Graduation Program in Health Science (PPGCS), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
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15
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Wong MMH, Grech A, Louie JCY. Dietary patterns and cardiovascular disease in Australian adults: Findings from the 2011-12 Australian Health Survey. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:738-748. [PMID: 32139253 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Great discrepancies exist in results from studies examining the association between dietary patterns and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in different populations. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between the Australian Dietary Guidelines (ADG) 2013, Mediterranean-DASH diet Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND), Paleolithic and Okinawan dietary patterns and CVD respectively. METHODS AND RESULTS In this cross-sectional secondary analysis of the 2011-12 Australian Health Survey, adults who self-reported physician-diagnosed CVD, completed two multiple-pass 24 h recalls and had no missing data on all confounders were analysed (weighted n = 5376; 295 CVD cases). Dietary intake was transformed to represent usual intake by the multiple source method. The score of Healthy Eating Index for Australian Adults (HEIFA-2013) was adopted for ADG 2013, while the scores of MIND, Paleolithic and Okinawan dietary patterns were constructed by separating the intake of each predefined food and nutrient into quintiles. The associations between the dietary patterns (as tertiles of scores) and CVD were examined using binary logistic regression adjusted for significant cardiovascular risk factors. Higher adherence to the Okinawan diet pattern was significantly associated with a reduced prevalence of ischemic heart disease (IHD) (OR per unit increase in dietary pattern score: 0.94, 95%CI: 0.90-0.98). Comparing its extreme tertiles, the OR was 0.49 (95%CI: 0.29-0.82; ptrend < 0.01). The associations between HEIFA-2013, MIND and Paleolithic diet patterns and CVD were insignificant. CONCLUSION The findings suggested an inverse association between adherence to Okinawan dietary pattern and prevalence of IHD in Australian adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin M H Wong
- School of Professional and Continuing Education, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Amanda Grech
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jimmy Chun Yu Louie
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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16
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Yong-Quan Ng G, Yang-Wei Fann D, Jo DG, Sobey CG, Arumugam TV. Dietary Restriction and Epigenetics: Part I. CONDITIONING MEDICINE 2019; 2:284-299. [PMID: 32039345 PMCID: PMC7007115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Biological aging occurs concomitantly with chronological aging and is commonly burdened by the development of age-related conditions, such as neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and a myriad of metabolic diseases. With a current global shift in disease epidemiology associated with aging and the resultant social, economic, and healthcare burdens faced by many countries, the need to achieve successful aging has fueled efforts to address this problem. Aging is a complex biological phenomenon that has confounded much of the historical research effort to understand it, with still limited knowledge of the underlying molecular mechanisms. Interestingly, dietary restriction (DR) is one intervention that produces anti-aging effects from simple organisms to mammals. Research into DR has revealed robust systemic effects that can result in attenuation of age-related diseases via a myriad of molecular mechanisms. Given that numerous age-associated diseases are often polygenic and affect individuals differently, it is possible that they are confounded by interactions between environmental influences and the genome, a process termed 'epigenetics'. In part one of the review, we summarize the different variants of DR regimens and their corresponding mechanism(s) and resultant effects, as well as in-depth analysis of current knowledge of the epigenetic landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Yong-Quan Ng
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Yang-Wei Fann
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dong-Gyu Jo
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Christopher G. Sobey
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thiruma V. Arumugam
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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17
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Refeeding abolishes beneficial effects of severe calorie restriction from birth on adipose tissue and glucose homeostasis of adult rats. Nutrition 2019; 66:87-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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18
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Sandesara PB, Sperling LS. Caloric Restriction as a Therapeutic Approach to Heart Failure: Can Less Be More in (Mice) and Men? Circ Heart Fail 2019. [PMID: 29535115 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.118.004930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pratik B Sandesara
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Laurence S Sperling
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA.
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19
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Andrianova NV, Jankauskas SS, Zorova LD, Pevzner IB, Popkov VA, Silachev DN, Plotnikov EY, Zorov DB. Mechanisms of Age-Dependent Loss of Dietary Restriction Protective Effects in Acute Kidney Injury. Cells 2018; 7:cells7100178. [PMID: 30360430 PMCID: PMC6209903 DOI: 10.3390/cells7100178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) is one of the most efficient approaches ameliorating the severity of different pathological conditions including aging. We investigated the protective potential of short-term DR in the model of acute kidney injury (AKI) in young and old rats. In kidney tissue, the levels of autophagy and mitophagy were examined, and proliferative properties of renal cells obtained from rats of different age were compared. DR afforded a significant nephroprotection to ischemic kidneys of young rats. However, in old rats, DR did not provide such beneficial effect. On the assessment of the autophagy marker, the LC3 II/LC3 I ratio, and after staining the tissue with LysoTracker Green, we concluded that in old rats activity of the autophagic-lysosomal system decreased. Mitophagy, as assessed by the levels of PINK-1, was also deteriorated in old animals. Renal cells from old rats showed impaired proliferative capacity, a worse rate of recovery after ischemic injury, increased levels of oxidative stress, accumulation of lipofuscin granules and lower mitochondria membrane potential. The results suggest that the loss of DR benefits in old animals could be due to deterioration in the autophagy/mitophagy flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezda V Andrianova
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Stanislovas S Jankauskas
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Ljubava D Zorova
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Irina B Pevzner
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Vasily A Popkov
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia.
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Denis N Silachev
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Egor Y Plotnikov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Dmitry B Zorov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia.
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20
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Park Y, Zhang J, Cai L. Reappraisal of metallothionein: Clinical implications for patients with diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes 2018; 10:213-231. [PMID: 29072367 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS, respectively) are byproducts of cellular physiological processes of the metabolism of intermediary nutrients. Although physiological defense mechanisms readily convert these species into water or urea, an improper balance between their production and removal leads to oxidative stress (OS), which is harmful to cellular components. This OS may result in uncontrolled growth or, ultimately, cell death. In addition, ROS and RNS are closely related to the development of diabetes and its complications. Therefore, numerous researchers have proposed the development of strategies for the removal of ROS/RNS to prevent or treat diabetes and its complications. Some molecules that are synthesized in the body or obtained from food participate in the removal and neutralization of ROS and RNS. Metallothionein, a cysteine-rich protein, is a metal-binding protein that has a wide range of functions in cellular homeostasis and immunity. Metallothionein can be induced by a variety of conditions, including zinc supplementation, and plays a crucial role in mediating anti-OS, anti-apoptotic, detoxification, and anti-inflammatory effects. Metallothionein can modulate various stress-induced signaling pathways (mitogen-activated protein kinase, Wnt, nuclear factor-κB, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, sirtuin 1/AMP-activated protein kinase and fibroblast growth factor 21) to alleviate diabetes and diabetic complications. However, a deeper understanding of the functional, biochemical, and molecular characteristics of metallothionein is needed to bring about new opportunities for OS therapy. This review focuses on newly proposed functions of a metallothionein and their implications relevant to diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsoo Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatrics Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Hanyang University, College of Medicine and Engineering, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatrics Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- The Center of Cardiovascular Disorders, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lu Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatrics Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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21
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Sarikhani M, Maity S, Mishra S, Jain A, Tamta AK, Ravi V, Kondapalli MS, Desingu PA, Khan D, Kumar S, Rao S, Inbaraj M, Pandit AS, Sundaresan NR. SIRT2 deacetylase represses NFAT transcription factor to maintain cardiac homeostasis. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:5281-5294. [PMID: 29440391 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is an aging-associated disease that is the leading cause of death worldwide. Sirtuin family members have been largely studied in the context of aging and aging-associated diseases. Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) is a cytoplasmic protein in the family of sirtuins that are NAD+-dependent class III histone deacetylases. In this work, we studied the role of SIRT2 in regulating nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) transcription factor and the development of cardiac hypertrophy. Confocal microscopy analysis indicated that SIRT2 is localized in the cytoplasm of cardiomyocytes and SIRT2 levels are reduced during pathological hypertrophy of the heart. SIRT2-deficient mice develop spontaneous pathological cardiac hypertrophy, remodeling, fibrosis, and dysfunction in an age-dependent manner. Moreover, young SIRT2-deficient mice develop exacerbated agonist-induced hypertrophy. In contrast, SIRT2 overexpression attenuated agonist-induced cardiac hypertrophy in cardiomyocytes in a cell-autonomous manner. Mechanistically, SIRT2 binds to and deacetylates NFATc2 transcription factor. SIRT2 deficiency stabilizes NFATc2 and enhances nuclear localization of NFATc2, resulting in increased transcription activity. Our results suggest that inhibition of NFAT rescues the cardiac dysfunction in SIRT2-deficient mice. Thus, our study establishes SIRT2 as a novel endogenous negative regulator of NFAT transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Sarikhani
- From the Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, India
| | - Sangeeta Maity
- From the Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, India
| | - Sneha Mishra
- From the Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, India
| | - Aditi Jain
- From the Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, India
| | - Ankit K Tamta
- From the Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, India
| | - Venkatraman Ravi
- From the Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, India
| | - Mrudula S Kondapalli
- From the Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, India
| | - Perumal A Desingu
- From the Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, India
| | - Danish Khan
- From the Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, India
| | - Shweta Kumar
- From the Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, India
| | - Swathi Rao
- From the Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, India
| | - Meena Inbaraj
- From the Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, India
| | - Anwit S Pandit
- From the Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, India
| | - Nagalingam Ravi Sundaresan
- From the Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, India
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22
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Obesity and obesity-related diseases, largely resulting from urbanization and behavioral changes, are now of global importance. Energy restriction, though, is associated with health improvements and increased longevity. We review some important mechanisms related to calorie limitation aimed at controlling of metabolic diseases, particularly diabetes. RECENT FINDINGS Calorie restriction triggers a complex series of intricate events, including activation of cellular stress response elements, improved autophagy, modification of apoptosis, and alteration in hormonal balance. Intermittent fasting is not only more acceptable to patients, but it also prevents some of the adverse effects of chronic calorie restriction, especially malnutrition. There are many somatic and potentially psychologic benefits of fasting or intermittent calorie restriction. However, some behavioral modifications related to abstinence of binge eating following a fasting period are crucial in maintaining the desired favorable outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Golbidi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, 2176 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Center of Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bato Korac
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Huige Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - M Faadiel Essop
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Ismail Laher
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, 2176 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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23
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Goswami N. Falls and Fall-Prevention in Older Persons: Geriatrics Meets Spaceflight! Front Physiol 2017; 8:603. [PMID: 29075195 PMCID: PMC5641583 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper provides a general overview of key physiological consequences of microgravity experienced during spaceflight and of important parallels and connections to the physiology of aging. Microgravity during spaceflight influences cardiovascular function, cerebral autoregulation, musculoskeletal, and sensorimotor system performance. A great deal of research has been carried out to understand these influences and to provide countermeasures to reduce the observed negative consequences of microgravity on physiological function. Such research can inform and be informed by research related to physiological changes and the deterioration of physiological function due to aging. For example, head-down bedrest is used as a model to study effects of spaceflight deconditioning due to reduced gravity. As hospitalized older persons spend up to 80% of their time in bed, the deconditioning effects of bedrest confinement on physiological functions and parallels with spaceflight deconditioning can be exploited to understand and combat both variations of deconditioning. Deconditioning due to bed confinement in older persons can contribute to a downward spiral of increasing frailty, orthostatic intolerance, falls, and fall-related injury. As astronauts in space spend substantial amounts of time carrying out exercise training to counteract the microgravity-induced deconditioning and to counteract orthostatic intolerance on return to Earth, it is logical to suggest some of these interventions for bed-confined older persons. Synthesizing knowledge regarding deconditioning due to reduced gravitational stress in space and deconditioning during bed confinement allows for a more comprehensive approach that can incorporate aspects such as (mal-) nutrition, muscle strength and function, cardiovascular (de-) conditioning, and cardio-postural interactions. The impact of such integration can provide new insights and lead to methods of value for both space medicine and geriatrics (Geriatrics meets spaceflight!). In particular, such integration can lead to procedures that address the morbidity and the mortality associated with bedrest immobilization and in the rising health care costs associated with an aging population demographic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandu Goswami
- Gravitational Physiology, Aging and Medicine Research Unit, Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Department of Health Sciences, Alma Mater Europea University, Maribor, Slovenia
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24
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Ruiz-Hurtado G, García-Prieto CF, Pulido-Olmo H, Velasco-Martín JP, Villa-Valverde P, Fernández-Valle ME, Boscá L, Fernández-Velasco M, Regadera J, Somoza B, Fernández-Alfonso MS. Mild and Short-Term Caloric Restriction Prevents Obesity-Induced Cardiomyopathy in Young Zucker Rats without Changing in Metabolites and Fatty Acids Cardiac Profile. Front Physiol 2017; 8:42. [PMID: 28203206 PMCID: PMC5285365 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) ameliorates cardiac dysfunction associated with obesity. However, most of the studies have been performed under severe CR (30-65% caloric intake decrease) for several months or even years in aged animals. Here, we investigated whether mild (20% food intake reduction) and short-term (2-weeks) CR prevented the obese cardiomyopathy phenotype and improved the metabolic profile of young (14 weeks of age) genetically obese Zucker fa/fa rats. Heart weight (HW) and HW/tibia length ratio was significantly lower in fa/fa rats after 2 weeks of CR than in counterparts fed ad libitum. Invasive pressure measurements showed that systolic blood pressure, maximal rate of positive left ventricle (LV) pressure, LV systolic pressure and LV end-diastolic pressure were all significantly higher in obese fa/fa rats than in lean counterparts, which were prevented by CR. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed that the increase in LV end-systolic volume, stroke volume and LV wall thickness observed in fa/fa rats was significantly lower in animals on CR diet. Histological analysis also revealed that CR blocked the significant increase in cardiomyocyte diameter in obese fa/fa rats. High resolution magic angle spinning magnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis of the LV revealed a global decrease in metabolites such as taurine, creatine and phosphocreatine, glutamate, glutamine and glutathione, in obese fa/fa rats, whereas lactate concentration was increased. By contrast, fatty acid concentrations in LV tissue were significantly elevated in obese fa/fa rats. CR failed to restore the LV metabolomic profile of obese fa/fa rats. In conclusion, mild and short-term CR prevented an obesity-induced cardiomyopathy phenotype in young obese fa/fa rats independently of the cardiac metabolic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Ruiz-Hurtado
- Unidad de Hipertensión, Instituto de Investigación Imas12, Hospital Universitario 12 de OctubreMadrid, Spain
- Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de MadridMadrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Gema Ruiz-Hurtado
| | - Concha F. García-Prieto
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San PabloMadrid, Spain
| | - Helena Pulido-Olmo
- Unidad de Hipertensión, Instituto de Investigación Imas12, Hospital Universitario 12 de OctubreMadrid, Spain
- Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Juan P. Velasco-Martín
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Lisardo Boscá
- Departamento de Metabolismo y Señalización Celular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM)Madrid, Spain
| | - María Fernández-Velasco
- Departamento de Metabolismo y Señalización Celular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM)Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Metabolismo y Señalización Celular, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ)Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Regadera
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Somoza
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San PabloMadrid, Spain
| | - María S. Fernández-Alfonso
- Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de MadridMadrid, Spain
- María S. Fernández-Alfonso
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Melo DS, Costa-Pereira LV, Santos CS, Mendes BF, Costa KB, Santos CFF, Rocha-Vieira E, Magalhães FC, Esteves EA, Ferreira AJ, Guatimosim S, Dias-Peixoto MF. Severe Calorie Restriction Reduces Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Protects Rat Hearts from Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Front Physiol 2016; 7:106. [PMID: 27092082 PMCID: PMC4824788 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Recent studies have proposed that if a severe caloric restriction (SCR) is initiated at the earliest period of postnatal life, it can lead to beneficial cardiac adaptations later on. We investigated the effects of SCR in Wistar rats from birth to adult age on risk factors for cardiac diseases (CD), as well as cardiac function, redox status, and HSP72 content in response to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Methods and Results: From birth to the age of 3 months, CR50 rats were fed 50% of the food that the ad libitum group (AL) was fed. Food intake was assessed daily and body weight were assessed weekly. In the last week of the SCR protocol, systolic blood pressure and heart rate were measured and the double product index was calculated. Also, oral glucose and intraperitoneal insulin tolerance tests were performed. Thereafter, rats were decapitated, visceral fat was weighed, and blood and hearts were harvested for biochemical, functional, tissue redox status, and western blot analyzes. Compared to AL, CR50 rats had reduced the main risk factors for CD. Moreover, the FR50 rats showed increased cardiac function both at baseline conditions (45% > AL rats) and during the post-ischemic period (60% > AL rats) which may be explained by a decreased cardiac oxidative stress and increased HSP72 content. Conclusion: SCR from birth to adult age reduced risk factors for CD, increased basal cardiac function and protected hearts from the I/R, possibly by a mechanism involving ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirceu S Melo
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de FisiologiaSão Paulo, Brasil; Faculdade de Medicina, Campus JK, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e MucuriDiamantina, Brasil
| | - Liliane V Costa-Pereira
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Carina S Santos
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Bruno F Mendes
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Karine B Costa
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Cynthia Fernandes F Santos
- Faculdade de Medicina, Campus JK, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri Diamantina, Brasil
| | - Etel Rocha-Vieira
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de FisiologiaSão Paulo, Brasil; Faculdade de Medicina, Campus JK, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e MucuriDiamantina, Brasil
| | - Flávio C Magalhães
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de FisiologiaSão Paulo, Brasil; Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e MucuriDiamantina, Brasil
| | - Elizabethe A Esteves
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de FisiologiaSão Paulo, Brasil; Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e MucuriDiamantina, Brasil
| | - Anderson J Ferreira
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte, Brasil
| | - Sílvia Guatimosim
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de FisiologiaSão Paulo, Brasil; Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brasil
| | - Marco F Dias-Peixoto
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de FisiologiaSão Paulo, Brasil; Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e MucuriDiamantina, Brasil
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Zhang Y, Han X, Hu N, Huff AF, Gao F, Ren J. RETRACTED: Akt2 knockout alleviates prolonged caloric restriction-induced change in cardiac contractile function through regulation of autophagy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 71:81-91. [PMID: 24368095 PMCID: PMC4076444 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2013] [Revised: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). At the request of the University of Wyoming, this article has been retracted. Although an investigation report from Air Force Medical University found no evidence of misconduct, the University of Wyoming’s institutional investigation of the work authored by Dr. Jun Ren found evidence of data irregularities in Figures 2, 3, and 4 that affect the reported results and conclusions. All authors have been notified of the retraction of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
| | - Xuefeng Han
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA; Department of Physiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Nan Hu
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Anna F Huff
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, China; Department of Physiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
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Zhang YL, Yao YT, Fang NX, Zhou CH, Gong JS, Li LH. Restoration of autophagic flux in myocardial tissues is required for cardioprotection of sevoflurane postconditioning in rats. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2014; 35:758-69. [PMID: 24793309 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2014.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Sevoflurane postconditioning (SpostC) has been shown to protect the heart from ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. In this study, we examined whether SpostC affected autophagic flux in myocardial tissues that contributed to its cardioprotective effects in rats following acute I/R injury. METHODS SD rats underwent 30 min of left anterior descending coronary artery ligation followed by 120 min of reperfusion. The rats were subjected to inhalation of 2.4% (v/v) sevoflurane during the first 5 min of reperfusion, and chloroquine (10 mg/kg, ip) was injected 1 h before I/R. Myocardial infarct size was estimated using TTC staining. Autophagosomes in myocardial tissues were detected under TEM. Expression of LC3B-II, beclin-1, p62/SQSTM1, cathepsin B, caspase-3 and cleaved PARP was assessed using Western blot analysis. Plasma cardiac troponin I was measured using ELISA. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis was evaluated with TUNEL staining. RESULTS I/R procedure produced severe myocardium infarct and apoptosis accompanied by markedly increased number of autophagosomes, as well as increased levels of LC3B-II, beclin-1 and p62 in myocardial tissues. SpostC significantly reduced infarct size, attenuated myocardial apoptosis, restored intact autophagic flux and improved the lysosomal function in myocardial tissues. Administration of chloroquine that blocked autophagic flux abrogated the cardioprotective effects of SpostC. CONCLUSION SpostC exerts its cardioprotective effects in rats following I/R injury via restoring autophagic flux in myocardial tissues.
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Zheng Q, Zhao K, Han X, Huff AF, Cui Q, Babcock SA, Yu S, Zhang Y. Inhibition of AMPK accentuates prolonged caloric restriction-induced change in cardiac contractile function through disruption of compensatory autophagy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1852:332-42. [PMID: 24793415 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged caloric restriction often results in alteration in heart geometry and function although the underlying mechanism remains poorly defined. Autophagy, a conserved pathway for bulk degradation of intracellular proteins and organelles, preserves energy and nutrient in the face of caloric insufficiency. This study was designed to examine the role of AMPK in prolonged caloric restriction-induced change in cardiac homeostasis and the underlying mechanism(s) involved with a focus on autophagy. Wild-type (WT) and AMPK kinase dead (KD) mice were caloric restricted (by 40%) for 30 weeks. Echocardiographic, cardiomyocyte contractile and intracellular Ca²⁺ properties, autophagy and autophagy regulatory proteins were evaluated. Caloric restriction compromised echocardiographic indices (decreased ventricular mass, left ventricular diameters, and cardiac output), cardiomyocyte contractile and intracellular Ca²⁺ properties associated with upregulated autophagy (Beclin-1, Atg5 and LC3BII-to-LC3BI ratio), increased autophagy adaptor protein p62, elevated phosphorylation of AMPK and TSC1/2, depressed phosphorylation of mTOR and ULK1. Although AMPK inhibition did not affect cardiac mechanical function, autophagy and autophagy signaling proteins, it significantly accentuated caloric restriction-induced changes in myocardial contractile function and intracellular Ca²⁺ handling. Interestingly, AMPK inhibition reversed caloric restriction-induced changes in autophagy and autophagy signaling. AMPK inhibition led to dampened levels of Beclin-1, Atg 5 and LC3B ratio along with suppressed phosphorylation of AMPK and TSC1/2 as well as elevated phosphorylation of mTOR and ULK1. Taken together, these data suggest an indispensible role for AMPK in the maintenance of cardiac homeostasis under prolonged caloric restriction-induced pathological changes possibly through autophagy regulation. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Autophagy and protein quality control in cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijun Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Kun Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuefeng Han
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA; Department of Physiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Anna F Huff
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Qin Cui
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sara A Babcock
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Shiqiang Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA; Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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Vucevic D, Mladenovic D, Ninkovic M, Aleksic V, Stankovic MN, Stankovic M, Jorgacevic B, Vukicevic RJ, Radosavljevic T. The effects of caloric restriction against ethanol-induced oxidative and nitrosative cardiotoxicity and plasma lipids in rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2013; 238:1396-405. [PMID: 24157589 DOI: 10.1177/1535370213506806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) prevents or delays a wide range of aging-related diseases possibly through alleviation of oxidative stress. The aim of our study was to examine the effect of CR on oxidative and nitrosative cardiac damage in rats, induced by acute ethanol intoxication. Male Wistar rats were divided into following groups: control; calorie-restricted groups with intake of 60-70% (CR60-70) and 40-50% of daily energy needs (CR40-50); ethanol-treated group (E); calorie-restricted, ethanol-treated groups (CR60-70 + E, CR40-50 + E). Ethanol was administered in five doses of 2 g/kg every 12 h, while the duration of CR was five weeks before ethanol treatment. Malondialdehyde level was significantly lower in CR60-70 + E and significantly higher in CR40-50 + E vs. control. Nitrite and nitrate level was significantly higher in CR40-50 + E compared to control group. Activity of total superoxide dismutase (SOD) and its isoenzyme, copper/zinc-SOD (Cu/ZnSOD), was significantly higher in CR60-70 + E and lower in CR40-50 + E vs. control. Activity of manganese-SOD (MnSOD), that is also SOD isoenzyme, was significantly lower in CR40-50 + E compared to control group. Plasma content of sulfhydryl (SH) groups was significantly higher in CR60-70 group vs. control. Plasma concentration of total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, low-density lipoproteins and high-density lipoproteins was significantly lower in CR60-70 group compared to control values. Food restriction to 60-70% of daily energy needs has a protective effect on acute ethanol-induced oxidative and nitrosative cardiac damage, at least partly due to alleviation of ethanol-induced decrease in SOD activity, while restriction to 40-50% of energy needs aggravates lipid peroxidation and nitrosative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijela Vucevic
- Institute of Pathophysiology, "Ljubodrag Buba Mihailović", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
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Melo DS, Riul TR, Esteves EA, Moraes PL, Ferreira FO, Gavioli M, Alves MNM, Almeida PWM, Guatimosim S, Ferreira AJ, Dias Peixoto MF. Effects of severe caloric restriction from birth on the hearts of adult rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2013; 38:879-85. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2012-0387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
There has been increasing evidence suggesting that a severe caloric restriction (SCR) (above 40%) has beneficial effects on the hearts of rats. However, most of the reports have focused on the effects of SCR that started in adulthood. We investigated the consequences of SCR on the hearts of rats subjected to SCR since birth (CR50). From birth to the age of 3 months, CR50 rats were fed 50% of the food that the ad libitum group (AL) was fed. Thereafter, a maximal aerobic test was performed to indirectly evaluate global cardiovascular function. Indices of contractility (+dT/dt) and relaxation (−dT/dt) were analyzed in isolated heart preparation, and cardiomyocyte diameter, number, density, and myocardium collagen content were obtained through histologic analysis. Ventricular myocytes were isolated, using standard methods to evaluate phosphorylated AKT levels, and Ca2+ handling was evaluated with a combination of Western blot analysis, intracellular Ca2+ imaging, and confocal microscopy. CR50 rats exhibited increased aerobic performance and cardiac function, as shown by the increase in ±dT/dt. Despite the smaller cardiomyocyte diameter, CR50 rats had an increased heart−body weight ratio, increased cardiomyocyte density and number, and similar levels of myocardium collagen content, compared with AL rats. AKT was hyperphosphorylated in cardiomyocytes from CR50 rats, and there were no significant differences in Ca2+ transient and SERCA2 levels in cardiomyocytes between CR50 and AL rats. Collectively, these observations reveal the beneficial effects of a 50% caloric restriction on the hearts of adult rats restricted since birth, which might involve cardiomyocyte AKT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirceu Sousa Melo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Tania Regina Riul
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Adriana Esteves
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Lanza Moraes
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Oliveira Ferreira
- Department of Basic Sciences, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Mariana Gavioli
- Department Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Silvia Guatimosim
- Department Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Anderson José Ferreira
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marco Fabricio Dias Peixoto
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
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Hasan S, Fatima N, Bilal N, Suhail N, Fatima S, Morgan EN, Aldebasy Y, Alzohairy MA, Banu N. Effect of chronic unpredictable stress on short term dietary restriction and its modulation by multivitamin-mineral supplementation. Appetite 2013; 65:68-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Sung MMY, Dyck JRB. Age-related cardiovascular disease and the beneficial effects of calorie restriction. Heart Fail Rev 2013; 17:707-19. [PMID: 22095297 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-011-9293-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a well-recognized risk factor in the development of cardiovascular disease, which is the primary cause of death and disability in the elderly population. The normal process of aging is associated with progressive deterioration in structure and function of the heart and vasculature. These age-related changes likely act as both a catalyst and accelerator in the development of cardiovascular disease. Since the aging population is one of the fastest growing segments of the population, it is of vital importance that we have a thorough understanding of the physiological changes that occur with aging that contribute to the high incidence of cardiovascular disease in this population. This insight will allow for the development of more targeted therapies that can prevent and treat these conditions. One such anti-aging strategy that has received considerable attention as of late is calorie restriction. Calorie restriction has emerged as one of the most effective and reproducible interventions for extending lifespan, as well as protecting against obesity, metabolic disorders, and cardiovascular disease. Herein, we review the multiple beneficial effects that calorie restriction and resveratrol exert on the cardiovascular system with a particular focus on aging. Although calorie restriction and resveratrol have proven to be very effective in preventing and treating the development of cardiovascular disease in animal models, studies continue as to whether these profound beneficial effects can translate to humans to improve cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda M Y Sung
- Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Centre, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Nair S, Ren J. Autophagy and cardiovascular aging: lesson learned from rapamycin. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:2092-9. [PMID: 22580468 DOI: 10.4161/cc.20317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological aging process is commonly associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Several theories have been put forward for aging-associated deterioration in ventricular function, including attenuation of growth hormone (insulin-like growth factors and insulin) signaling, loss of DNA replication and repair, histone acetylation and accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Recent evidence has depicted a rather unique role of autophagy as another important pathway in the regulation of longevity and senescence. Autophagy is a predominant cytoprotective (rather than self-destructive) process. It carries a prominent role in determination of lifespan. Reduced autophagy has been associated with aging, leading to accumulation of dysfunctional or damaged proteins and organelles. To the contrary, measures such as caloric restriction and exercise may promote autophagy to delay aging and associated comorbidities. Stimulation of autophagy using rapamycin may represent a novel strategy to prolong lifespan and combat aging-associated diseases. Rapamycin regulates autophagy through inhibition of the nutrient-sensing molecule mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Inhibition of mTOR through rapamycin and caloric restriction promotes longevity. The purpose of this review is to recapitulate some of the recent advances in an effort to better understand the interplay between rapamycin-induced autophagy and decelerating cardiovascular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreejayan Nair
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY USA.
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Han X, Turdi S, Hu N, Guo R, Zhang Y, Ren J. Influence of long-term caloric restriction on myocardial and cardiomyocyte contractile function and autophagy in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2012; 23:1592-9. [PMID: 22444502 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 10/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Both clinical and experimental evidence has revealed that calorie restriction (CR) is capable of improving heart function. However, most the reports are focused on the effect of CR on the pathological states such as obesity, while the effect of CR on heart function in otherwise healthy subjects is not well understood. This study examined the long-term CR effect on cardiac contractile function and possible underlying mechanisms involved. C57BL/6 mice were subjected to a 40% CR or ad libitum feeding for 20 weeks. Echocardiographic and cardiomyocyte contractile properties were evaluated. Intracellular signaling pathways were examined using Western blot analysis. Our results showed that CR overtly lessened glucose intolerance, lessened body and heart weights (although not heart size), lowered fat tissue density, decreased left ventricular (LV) wall thickness (septum and posterior wall) in both systole and diastole, and reduced LV mass (not normalized LV mass) without affecting fractional shortening. Cardiomyocyte cell length and cross-sectional area were reduced, while peak shortening amplitude was increased following CR. CR failed to affect maximal velocity of shortening/relengthening and duration of shortening and relengthening. Immunoblotting data depicted decreased and increased phosphorylation of Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3β and AMP-dependent protein kinase/acetyl-CoA carboxylase, respectively, following CR. CR also dampened the phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin, extracellular-signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 and c-Jun, while it increased the phosphorylation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase. Last but not least, CR significantly promoted cardiac autophagy as evidenced by increased expression of LC3B-II (and LC3B-II to LC3B-I ratio) and Beclin-1. In summary, our data suggested that long-term CR may preserve cardiac contractile function with improved cardiomyocyte function, lessen cardiac remodeling and promote autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Han
- Department of Physiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China 710032
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Wang S, Chen J, Valderrábano M. Nutrient restriction preserves calcium cycling and mitochondrial function in cardiac myocytes during ischemia and reperfusion. Cell Calcium 2012; 51:445-51. [PMID: 22424693 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2012.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Revised: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nutrient restriction (NR) prolongs longevity via enhanced mitochondrial function. We tested the hypothesis that NR enhances resistance to ischemia/reperfusion (IR) arrhythmias via preserved calcium (Ca) cycling and mitochondrial function. We examined the protective effects of NR on regional IR in cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocyte monolayers. Optical mapping of intracellular Ca and mitochondrial membrane potential Δψ(m) was performed using Rhod 2-AM and TMRE, respectively. Regional ischemia was mimicked by covering a portion of monolayer with a glass coverslip until loss of Ca propagation, and reperfusion was mimicked by removing the coverslip. NR was mimicked by culture in serum- and glucose-free medium for 24 h. Relative to controls, NR monolayers: (1) sustained Ca oscillations during longer periods of ischemia (19.2 ± 1.8 min vs 10.4 ± 1.4 min, p<0.001); (2) had attenuated increases in Ca transient duration (CaD) and time decay constant (Tau) during ischemia; (3) had preserved conduction velocity (CV) during early reperfusion, leading to protection against reperfusion arrhythmias; (4) had minimal "rebound" decreased CaD and Tau during reperfusion; and (5) had no depolarization of Δψ(m) during IR. NR attenuates IR arrhythmias via (1) stable calcium cycling and (2) prevention of Δψ(m) depolarization during IR. Enhanced mitochondrial resistance to IR arrhythmias may play a role in NR-induced longevity prolongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufen Wang
- The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston, TX, United States
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Stevanovic D, Starcevic V, Vilimanovich U, Nesic D, Vucicevic L, Misirkic M, Janjetovic K, Savic E, Popadic D, Sudar E, Micic D, Sumarac-Dumanovic M, Trajkovic V. Immunomodulatory actions of central ghrelin in diet-induced energy imbalance. Brain Behav Immun 2012; 26:150-8. [PMID: 21925262 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2011.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Revised: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of centrally administered orexigenic hormone ghrelin on energy imbalance-induced inflammation. Rats were subjected for four weeks to three different dietary regimes: normal (standard food), high-fat (standard food with 30% lard) or food-restricted (70%, 50%, 40% and 40% of the expected food intake in 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th week, respectively). Compared to normal-weight controls, starved, but not obese rats had significantly higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL-1β, IFN-γ) in the blood. When compared to normally fed animals, the hearts of starved and obese animals expressed higher levels of mRNAs encoding proinflammatory mediators (TNF, IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-12, iNOS), while mRNA levels of the anti-inflammatory TGF-β remained unchanged. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of ghrelin (1 μg/day) for five consecutive days significantly reduced TNF, IL-1β and IFN-γ levels in the blood of starved rats, as well as TNF, IL-17 and IL-12p40 mRNA expression in the hearts of obese rats. Conversely, ICV ghrelin increased the levels of IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-12p35 and IL-12p40 mRNA in the heart tissue of food-restricted animals. This was associated with an increase of immunosuppressive ACTH/corticosterone production in starved animals and a decrease of the immunostimulatory adipokine leptin both in food-restricted and high-fat groups. Ghrelin activated the energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the hypothalamus and inhibited extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in the hearts of obese, but not starved rats. Therefore, central ghrelin may play a complex role in energy imbalance-induced inflammation by modulating HPA axis, leptin and AMPK/ERK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darko Stevanovic
- Institute of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Abstract
A reduction in calorie intake [caloric restriction (CR)] appears to consistently decrease the biological rate of aging in a variety of organisms as well as protect against age-associated diseases including chronic inflammatory disorders such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Although the mechanisms behind this observation are not fully understood, identification of the main metabolic pathways affected by CR has generated interest in finding molecular targets that could be modulated by CR mimetics. This review describes the general concepts of CR and CR mimetics as well as discusses evidence related to their effects on inflammation and chronic inflammatory disorders. Additionally, emerging evidence related to the effects of CR on periodontal disease in non-human primates is presented. While the implementation of this type of dietary intervention appears to be challenging in our modern society where obesity is a major public health problem, CR mimetics could offer a promising alternative to control and perhaps prevent several chronic inflammatory disorders including periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A González
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40536-0305, USA.
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