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Zhao F, Lin Q, Xiang X, Xiang W. A damage-associated molecular patterns-related gene signature for the prediction of prognosis and immune microenvironment in children stage III acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:999684. [PMID: 36340735 PMCID: PMC9631945 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.999684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immunogenic cell death (ICD)-mediated immune response provides a strong rationale to overcome immune evasion in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). ICD will produce damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in tumor microenvironment. However, there are few studies on the application of DAMPs-related molecular subtypes in clinically predicting stage III of ALL prognosis. The current study is to identify the DAMPs-associated genes and their molecular subtypes in the stage III of ALL and construct a reliable risk model for prognosis as well as exploring the potential immune-related mechanism. Materials and methods We used Target and EBI database for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis of the stage III pediatric ALL samples. Three clusters were identified based on a consistent clustering analysis. By using Cox regression and LASSO analysis, we determined DEGs that attribute to survival benefit. In addition, the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed to identify potential molecular pathways regulated by the DAMPs-related gene signatures. ESTIMATE was employed for evaluating the composition of immune cell populations. Results A sum of 146 DAMPs-associated DEGs in ALL were determined and seven transcripts among them were selected to establish a risk model. The DAMPs-associated gene signature significantly contributed to worse prognosis in the high-risk group. We also found that the high-risk group exhibited low immune cell infiltration and high expression of immune checkpoints. Conclusion In summary, our study showed that the DAMPs-related DEGs in the stage III of children ALL could be used to predict their prognosis. The risk model of DAMPs we established may be more sensitive to immunotherapy prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Hengyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Hengyang, China
| | - Qiuyu Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Hainan Women and Children’s Medical Center, Haikou, China
| | - Xiayu Xiang
- Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Hainan Women and Children’s Medical Center, Haikou, China
- Commission Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Haikou, China
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Vijayakrishnan J, Studd J, Broderick P, Kinnersley B, Holroyd A, Law PJ, Kumar R, Allan JM, Harrison CJ, Moorman AV, Vora A, Roman E, Rachakonda S, Kinsey SE, Sheridan E, Thompson PD, Irving JA, Koehler R, Hoffmann P, Nöthen MM, Heilmann-Heimbach S, Jöckel KH, Easton DF, Pharaoh PDP, Dunning AM, Peto J, Canzian F, Swerdlow A, Eeles RA, Kote-Jarai ZS, Muir K, Pashayan N, Greaves M, Zimmerman M, Bartram CR, Schrappe M, Stanulla M, Hemminki K, Houlston RS. Genome-wide association study identifies susceptibility loci for B-cell childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1340. [PMID: 29632299 PMCID: PMC5890276 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03178-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have advanced our understanding of susceptibility to B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL); however, much of the heritable risk remains unidentified. Here, we perform a GWAS and conduct a meta-analysis with two existing GWAS, totaling 2442 cases and 14,609 controls. We identify risk loci for BCP-ALL at 8q24.21 (rs28665337, P = 3.86 × 10-9, odds ratio (OR) = 1.34) and for ETV6-RUNX1 fusion-positive BCP-ALL at 2q22.3 (rs17481869, P = 3.20 × 10-8, OR = 2.14). Our findings provide further insights into genetic susceptibility to ALL and its biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayaram Vijayakrishnan
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - James Studd
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Peter Broderick
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Ben Kinnersley
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Amy Holroyd
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Philip J Law
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - James M Allan
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Christine J Harrison
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Anthony V Moorman
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Ajay Vora
- Department of Haematology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Eve Roman
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | | | - Sally E Kinsey
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Haematology and Oncology, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, LS1 3EX, UK
| | - Eamonn Sheridan
- Medical Genetics Research Group, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Pamela D Thompson
- Paediatric and Familial Cancer Research Group, Institute of Cancer Sciences, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - Julie A Irving
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Rolf Koehler
- Department of Human Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Department of Genomics, Institute of Human Genetics, Life & Brain Centre, University of Bonn, D-53012, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine, Human Genomics Research Group, University Hospital and University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Department of Genomics, Institute of Human Genetics, Life & Brain Centre, University of Bonn, D-53012, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach
- Department of Genomics, Institute of Human Genetics, Life & Brain Centre, University of Bonn, D-53012, Bonn, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Paul D P Pharaoh
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Laboratory, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Julian Peto
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Frederico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anthony Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Rosalind A Eeles
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - ZSofia Kote-Jarai
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Kenneth Muir
- Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Nora Pashayan
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Mel Greaves
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Martin Zimmerman
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Claus R Bartram
- Department of Human Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Schrappe
- General Paediatrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Martin Stanulla
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kari Hemminki
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Richard S Houlston
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK.
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El Ansary MM, Mohammed LA, Hassan TH, Baraka A, Ahmed AA. Human leukocyte antigen-DRB1 polymorphism in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Mol Clin Oncol 2015; 3:425-429. [PMID: 25798280 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2014.466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Similar to autoimmune diseases, there are clear associations between resistance or susceptibility to cancer and the classic human leukocyte antigen (HLA) profile of an individual. HLA-associated susceptibility to childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) may provide clues to leukemogenesis in general and to the role of other risk factors. The present study aimed to determine the association between the HLA-DRB1 genotype and susceptibility to ALL in children and to assess the prognostic value of HLA-DRB1 alleles in these patients. This study included 50 ALL patients who were consecutively admitted to the Pediatric Oncology Unit of Zagazig University Hospital and 50 gender-matched healthy volunteers as a control group. The patients were subjected to full clinical history, thorough clinical examination and routine laboratory investigations. Molecular HLA-DRB1 typing for patients and controls using the reverse sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe technique was performed. HLA-DRB1*04 allele frequency was significantly higher in female patients compared to that in female controls (P=0.03) and in patients aged <10 years compared to those aged ≥10 years at the time of diagnosis (P=0.01). HLA-DRB1*11 allele frequency was significantly higher in high-risk compared to standard-risk patients (P=0.01) and in refractory patients compared to those who achieved remission (P=0.02). In conclusion, the HLA-DRB1*04 allele appears to be a female-specific susceptibility factor for the acquisition of childhood ALL and it may affect the age of onset of ALL. In addition, the HLA-DRB1*11 allele may be of prognostic significance in childhood ALL. However, further larger studies are required to support the conclusions drawn from this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervat M El Ansary
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11562
| | - Lamiaa A Mohammed
- Departments of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44111, Egypt
| | - Tamer H Hassan
- Departments of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44111, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Baraka
- Departments of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44111, Egypt
| | - Alshymaa A Ahmed
- Departments of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44111, Egypt
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Urayama KY, Thompson PD, Taylor M, Trachtenberg EA, Chokkalingam AP. Genetic variation in the extended major histocompatibility complex and susceptibility to childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a review of the evidence. Front Oncol 2013; 3:300. [PMID: 24377085 PMCID: PMC3859964 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The enduring suspicion that infections and immunologic response may play a role in the etiology of childhood leukemia, particularly acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), is now supported, albeit still indirectly, by numerous epidemiological studies. The cumulative evidence includes, for example, descriptive observations of a peculiar peak incidence at age 2–5 years for ALL in economically developed countries, clustering of cases in situations of population mixing associated with unusual patterns of personal contacts, associations with various proxy measures for immune modulatory exposures early in life, and genetic susceptibility conferred by variation in genes involved in the immune system. In this review, our focus is the extended major histocompatibility complex (MHC), an approximately 7.6 Mb region that is well-known for its high-density of expressed genes, extensive polymorphisms exhibiting complex linkage disequilibrium patterns, and its disproportionately large number of immune-related genes, including human leukocyte antigen (HLA). First discovered through the role they play in transplant rejection, the classical HLA class I (HLA-A, -B, and -C) and class II (HLA-DR, HLA-DQ, and HLA-DP) molecules reside at the epicenter of the immune response pathways and are now the targets of many disease susceptibility studies, including those for childhood leukemia. The genes encoding the HLA molecules are only a minority of the over 250 expressed genes in the xMHC, and a growing number of studies are beginning to evaluate other loci through targeted investigations or utilizing a mapping approach with a comprehensive screen of the entire region. Here, we review the current epidemiologic evidence available to date regarding genetic variation contained within this highly unique region of the genome and its relationship with childhood ALL risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Y Urayama
- School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, CA , USA ; Center for Clinical Epidemiology, St. Luke's Life Science Institute , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Pamela D Thompson
- Cancer Immunogenetics, St. Mary's Hospital, University of Manchester , Manchester , UK
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HLA-B*40 allele plays a role in the development of acute leukemia in Mexican population: a case-control study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:705862. [PMID: 24364037 PMCID: PMC3858009 DOI: 10.1155/2013/705862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Among oncohematological diseases, acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are characterized by the uncontrolled production and accumulation of blasts that can lead to death. Although the physiopathology of these diseases is multifactorial, a genetic factor seems to be at play. Several studies worldwide have shown association of ALL and AML with several alleles of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Objective. To determine gene frequencies of HLA-B alleles in Mexicans (individuals with Native American genetic background admixed with European descent) with ALL and AML. Methods. We compared the HLA-B alleles in 213 patients with ALL and 85 patients with AML to those present in 731 umbilical cord blood (UCB) samples as a control group; this was done by means of the PCR-SSP technique. Results. We found an increased frequency of the HLA-B*40 allele in ALL patients as compared to the control group (14.5% versus 9.84%, P = 0.003, OR = 1.67); this was particularly evident in a subgroup of young (less than 18 years old) ALL patients (P = 0.002, OR = 1.76); likewise, a decreased frequency of HLA-B*40 allele in AML patients was observed as compared to the control group (4.70% versus 9.84%, P = 0.02, OR = 0.42). Conclusions. These results might suggest opposing effects of the HLA-B*40 in the genetic susceptibility to develop ALL or AML and offer the possibility to study further the molecular mechanisms of cell differentiation within the bone marrow lineage.
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Orouji E, Tavakkol Afshari J, Badiee Z, Shirdel A, Alipour A. Association between HLA-DQB1 gene and patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Int J Hematol 2012; 95:551-5. [PMID: 22434102 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-012-1051-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2011] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) affects both children and adults. Survival in ALL has improved in recent decades due to recognition of its biological heterogeneity. Although children have higher remission and cure rates than adults, both populations have benefited from these improvements. Our aim in this study is to determine the association between HLA-DQB1 genes with childhood and adult ALL patients. To define this association, we compared HLA-DQB1 allele frequencies and allele carrier frequencies in a cohort of 135 adults and children with ALL with 150 controls, using polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers. Allele carrier frequencies in childhood ALL show a deficiency in DQ2 (*0201) (P 0.049 and RR 0.75), but an increase in DQ5 (*0501-*0504) and DQ7 (*0301, *0304) compared to the control group (P 0.001 RR 1.89, P 0.003 RR 1.48, respectively). Allele carrier frequencies in adult ALL indicated an increase in DQ5 (*0501-*0504) (P0.045 RR 2.28). Allelic frequencies in childhood ALL revealed the same increase in DQ5 and DQ7, and a decrease in DQ2. In adult ALL it shows a decrease in DQ7. Therefore, our results in adult ALL were similar to childhood ALL addressing DQ5 allele carriers, which showed an increase in both age groups. We suggest that DQ5 could be more strongly considered as an ALL susceptibility allele, and that this allele may underlie a pathogenic phenotype with a major role in the immunologic process involved in both adults and children with ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Orouji
- Department of Immunogenetics, BuAli Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), BuAli Square, Mashhad, Iran.
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Ozdilli K, Oguz FS, Anak S, Kekik C, Carin M, Gedikoglu G. The frequency of HLA class I and II alleles in Turkish childhood acute leukaemia patients. J Int Med Res 2011; 38:1835-44. [PMID: 21309500 DOI: 10.1177/147323001003800531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, blood samples were taken from 200 patients with childhood acute leukaemias, including acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), and from 100 healthy volunteers (controls). The frequency of the human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1*04 allele was significantly higher, and the frequencies of the HLA-A23 and HLA-B7 antigens were significantly lower, in patients with ALL compared with controls. Among patients with AML, the frequency of the HLA-B49 antigen and the HLA-DRB1*15 allele were significantly higher, whereas the frequencies of the HLA-A11 and HLA-B38 antigens were significantly lower compared with controls. The frequency of the HLA-DRB1*04 allele was also significantly higher in male patients with ALL and AML, whereas the HLA-DRB1*13 allele was found significantly less frequently in male AML and female ALL patients than in controls. To date, this is the only study to evaluate the associations between HLA molecules and leukaemia in a Turkish population with acute childhood leukaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ozdilli
- Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Abstract
A role for specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) variants in the etiology of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has been extensively studied over the last 30 years, but no unambiguous association has been identified. To comprehensively study the relationship between genetic variation within the 4.5 Mb major histocompatibility complex genomic region and precursor B-cell (BCP) ALL risk, we analyzed 1075 observed and 8176 imputed single nucleotide polymorphisms and their related haplotypes in 824 BCP-ALL cases and 4737 controls. Using these genotypes we also imputed both common and rare alleles at class I (HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C) and class II (HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQA1, and HLA-DQB1) HLA loci. Overall, we found no statistically significant association between variants and BCP-ALL risk. We conclude that major histocompatibility complex-defined variation in immune-mediated response is unlikely to be a major risk factor for BCP-ALL.
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Buffler PA, Kwan ML, Reynolds P, Urayama KY. Environmental and Genetic Risk Factors for Childhood Leukemia: Appraising the Evidence. Cancer Invest 2009. [DOI: 10.1081/cnv-46402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Chokkalingam AP, Buffler PA. Genetic susceptibility to childhood leukaemia. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2008; 132:119-129. [PMID: 18922824 PMCID: PMC2879095 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncn255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The aetiology of leukaemias among children is believed to be distinct from that of adults, mainly due to the clearer role for early life exposures, including those in utero. However, few risk factors have been established, because of the challenge of studying a disease with relatively low incidence. Identified risk factors, including ionizing radiation, chemotherapeutic agents and specific genetic abnormalities, explain < 10% of incidence. Although the causes for the remaining 90% are unknown, it is possible that genetic susceptibility factors, either alone or in conjunction with environmental factors, may be involved. In this paper, the authors (a) review the evidence surrounding genetic susceptibility factors, with emphasis on the genes' main effects; (b) review some recent developments in the Northern California Childhood Leukaemia Study (NCCLS) as a case study of design and practical considerations in genetic epidemiology research and (c) highlight both challenges and future directions in this exciting research area.
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Lotze MT, Wang E, Marincola FM, Hanna N, Bugelski PJ, Burns CA, Coukos G, Damle N, Godfrey TE, Howell WM, Panelli MC, Perricone MA, Petricoin EF, Sauter G, Scheibenbogen C, Shivers SC, Taylor DL, Weinstein JN, Whiteside TL. Workshop on Cancer Biometrics: Identifying Biomarkers and Surrogates of Cancer in Patients. J Immunother 2005; 28:79-119. [PMID: 15725954 DOI: 10.1097/01.cji.0000154251.20125.2e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The current excitement about molecular targeted therapies has driven much of the recent dialog in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Particularly in the biologic therapy of cancer, identifiable antigenic T-cell targets restricted by MHC molecules and the related novel stress molecules such as MICA/B and Letal allow a degree of precision previously unknown in cancer therapy. We have previously held workshops on immunologic monitoring and angiogenesis monitoring. This workshop was designed to discuss the state of the art in identification of biomarkers and surrogates of tumor in patients with cancer, with particular emphasis on assays within the blood and tumor. We distinguish this from immunologic monitoring in the sense that it is primarily a measure of the tumor burden as opposed to the immune response to it. Recommendations for intensive investigation and targeted funding to enable such strategies were developed in seven areas: genomic analysis; detection of molecular markers in peripheral blood and lymph node by tumor capture and RT-PCR; serum, plasma, and tumor proteomics; immune polymorphisms; high content screening using flow and imaging cytometry; immunohistochemistry and tissue microarrays; and assessment of immune infiltrate and necrosis in tumors. Concrete recommendations for current application and enabling further development in cancer biometrics are summarized. This will allow a more informed, rapid, and accurate assessment of novel cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Lotze
- Translational Research, University of Pittsburgh Molecular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Abstract
Childhood cancer is rare everywhere in the world, with age-standardized annual incidence usually between 70 and 160 per million at age 0-14 years. Greater variation is seen between populations for some specific tumour types. Some of the largest variations are geographical and are attributable to environmental factors, whereas variation mainly on ethnic lines seems likely to be a marker of genetic predisposition. A wide range of familial and genetic syndromes is associated with an increased risk of childhood cancer. Virtually all the excess risk of cancer among first-degree relatives of children with cancer can be accounted for by known hereditary syndromes. Studies of weak predisposition and gene-environment interaction have so far shown limited consistency. There are very few established environmental or exogenous risk factors and most of these are infective agents. Many putative risk factors can hardly ever be investigated epidemiologically except by interview or questionnaire studies. Some recent examples illustrate the continuing problems of participation bias and recall bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A Stiller
- Childhood Cancer Research Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, 57 Woodstock Road, OX2 6HJ, UK.
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Abstract
Abstract
Genetic and environmental factors play an interactive role in the development of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Since the demonstration of a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) influence on mouse leukemia in 1964, an HLA association has been considered as a possible genetic risk factor. Despite extensive efforts, however, no strong evidence comparable to the H-2k influence on mouse leukemia has been shown. The number of negative serological studies resulted in a loss of interest and consequently, no molecular HLA-DR association study has been published to date. We reconsidered the HLA-DR association in childhood ALL in 114 patients from a single center and 325 local newborn controls by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of the HLA-DRB1/3/4/5 loci. With conventional analysis, there was a moderate allelic association with the most common allele in the HLA-DR53 group, HLA-DRB1*04, in the whole group that was stronger in males (P = .0005, odds ratio = 2.9). When the other expressed HLA-DRB loci were examined, homozygosity for HLA-DRB4*01, encoding the HLA-DR53 specificity, was increased in patients (21.1%v 8.3%; odds ratio = 2.9, P = .0005). Consideration of gender showed that all of these associations were reflections of a male-specific increase in homozygosity for HLA-DRB4*01 (32.8% v 4.0%; odds ratio = 11.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.9 to 28.0; P = 3 × 10−8). This highly significant result provided the long-suspected evidence for the HLA-DR influence on the development of childhood ALL while confirming the recessive nature of the MHC influence on human leukemogenesis as in experimental models. The cross-reactivity between HLA-DR53 and H-2Ek, extensive mimicry of the immunodominant epitope of HLA-DR53 by several carcinogenic viruses, and the extra amount of DNA in the vicinity of the HLA-DRB4 gene argue for the case that HLA-DRB4*01 may be one of the genetic risk factors for childhood ALL.
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Abstract
Genetic and environmental factors play an interactive role in the development of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Since the demonstration of a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) influence on mouse leukemia in 1964, an HLA association has been considered as a possible genetic risk factor. Despite extensive efforts, however, no strong evidence comparable to the H-2k influence on mouse leukemia has been shown. The number of negative serological studies resulted in a loss of interest and consequently, no molecular HLA-DR association study has been published to date. We reconsidered the HLA-DR association in childhood ALL in 114 patients from a single center and 325 local newborn controls by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of the HLA-DRB1/3/4/5 loci. With conventional analysis, there was a moderate allelic association with the most common allele in the HLA-DR53 group, HLA-DRB1*04, in the whole group that was stronger in males (P = .0005, odds ratio = 2.9). When the other expressed HLA-DRB loci were examined, homozygosity for HLA-DRB4*01, encoding the HLA-DR53 specificity, was increased in patients (21.1%v 8.3%; odds ratio = 2.9, P = .0005). Consideration of gender showed that all of these associations were reflections of a male-specific increase in homozygosity for HLA-DRB4*01 (32.8% v 4.0%; odds ratio = 11.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.9 to 28.0; P = 3 × 10−8). This highly significant result provided the long-suspected evidence for the HLA-DR influence on the development of childhood ALL while confirming the recessive nature of the MHC influence on human leukemogenesis as in experimental models. The cross-reactivity between HLA-DR53 and H-2Ek, extensive mimicry of the immunodominant epitope of HLA-DR53 by several carcinogenic viruses, and the extra amount of DNA in the vicinity of the HLA-DRB4 gene argue for the case that HLA-DRB4*01 may be one of the genetic risk factors for childhood ALL.
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16
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Luo M, Blanchard J, Pan Y, Brunham K, Brunham RC. High-resolution sequence typing of HLA-DQA1 and -DQB1 exon 2 DNA with taxonomy-based sequence analysis (TBSA) allele assignment. TISSUE ANTIGENS 1999; 54:69-82. [PMID: 10458325 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0039.1999.540108.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
High-resolution DNA sequencing of exon 2 of DQA1 and DQB1 genes that uses a taxonomy-based sequence analysis (TBSA) method to assign alleles was developed. The system uses fewer primers for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and sequencing than other methods and yields accurate DQA1 and DQB1 typing when either homozygous or heterozygous DNA samples are tested. The approach was initially corroborated by the correct typing of 10 blinded samples that had been previously typed by PCR using sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes (PCR-SSOP) or serology, and subsequently confirmed by sequencing of cloned PCR products. DNA from peripheral blood cell samples of 130 individuals enrolled in a case-control analysis of HLA determinants of abdominal aortic aneurysm were subsequently evaluated. Overall, 8 different DQA1 and 19 DQB1 alleles were identified. All 21 DQA1 heterozygous combinations and 45 of 49 DQB1 heterozygous combinations were successfully resolved with TBSA. The two pairs of heterozygous DQB1 combinations that were not unambiguously typed required sequence specific PCR amplification for correct allele identification. We conclude that the method provides precise analysis for HLA-DQ typing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Luo
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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17
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Taylor GM, Dearden S, Payne N, Ayres M, Gokhale DA, Birch JM, Blair V, Stevens RF, Will AM, Eden OB. Evidence that an HLA-DQA1-DQB1 haplotype influences susceptibility to childhood common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in boys provides further support for an infection-related aetiology. Br J Cancer 1998; 78:561-5. [PMID: 9744491 PMCID: PMC2063058 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1998.540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Comparison of DQA1 and DQB1 alleles in 60 children with common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (c-ALL) and 78 newborn infant control subjects revealed that male but not female patients had a higher frequency of DQA1*0101/*0104 and DQB1*0501 than appropriate control subjects. The results suggest a male-associated susceptibility haplotype in c-ALL and supports an infectious aetiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Taylor
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
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18
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Abstract
Comparative epidemiological studies have for a long time suggested a link (or links) between infectious agents and hematological malignancies in the young. Identification of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) as the major cause of specific subtypes of Burkitt's lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease 20 and 10 years ago, respectively, and the recent involvement of human T-cell leukemia virus in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of the T-cell lineage in young adults in Jamaica have given further credit to early presumptions that these diseases have an infectious etiology. The spectrum of possibly involved viruses: old, EBV, and new, herpesviruses 6, 7 and 8, and unknown retroviruses - as well as the list of partially or totally unresolved disease entities: Hodgkin's disease in adolescents, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in the immunocompromised, and acute lymphocytic leukemia - is rapidly expanding. Both direct and indirect transforming effects of the above-mentioned viruses are being rapidly disclosed. However, the complex interaction between the different viruses and other causes of hematological malignancies in the young guarantees that many things remain to be discovered also in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Lehtinen
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Tampere, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
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