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KLUTHCOVSKY LC, JENNIFER M, MERISIO TM, CASTRO JLC, FILHO JRE. Treatment of mammary gland tumors in bitches: effects of sodium dichloroacetate as neoadjuvant therapy. J Vet Med Sci 2024; 86:677-683. [PMID: 38692860 PMCID: PMC11187584 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Mastectomy is the standard treatment for mammary gland tumors in dogs. In addition to traditional therapy, sodium dichloroacetate (DCA) can act as target therapy, as it may promote autophagy, reduce metastatic potential, and tumor proliferation in mammary tumor cell lines. This study aimed to analyze the effects of DCA as preoperative therapy for mammary tumors in bitches. Nineteen animals were selected, and they received DCA at a dose of 10 mg/kg orally every 12 hr, for 15 days. The periodic evaluation included hematological analysis (complete blood count and biochemical markers), evaluation of gastrointestinal adverse effects, evaluation of tumor volume, histopathological analysis, and immunohistochemical evaluation (Ki67 and cyclooxygenase-2/COX-2 markers). After treatment, there was a significant reduction in hematocrit (P=0.02) and leukocyte (P=0.04) means. Despite the variations for these two hematological parameters, the means remained within the reference range for the species. There were two cases of vomiting and one case of diarrhea. Most cases were classified as carcinoma in mixed tumor (n=7, 36.8%), followed by solid carcinoma (n=6, 31.6%). Nine cases (47.4%) showed reduced tumor volume, nine (47.4%) had stable disease, and one showed progressive disease. While there was no sample with a COX-2 score higher than 6, tumor samples with COX-2 scores 3 and 4 were significantly associated with stable disease or progression. DCA preoperative treatment for bitches with mammary gland tumors showed safety and potential cytoreduction in some cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Cavalli KLUTHCOVSKY
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, School of Life
Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Parana (PUCPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Megan JENNIFER
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, School of Life
Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Parana (PUCPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Tassia Mariane MERISIO
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, School of Life
Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Parana (PUCPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Jorge Luiz Costa CASTRO
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, School of Life
Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Parana (PUCPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Jair Rodini Engracia FILHO
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, School of Life
Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Parana (PUCPR), Curitiba, Brazil
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Masoudi M, Moti D, Masoudi R, Auwal A, Hossain MM, Pronoy TUH, Rashel KM, Gopalan V, Islam F. Metabolic adaptations in cancer stem cells: A key to therapy resistance. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167164. [PMID: 38599259 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subset of tumor cells that can initiate and sustain tumor growth and cause recurrence and metastasis. CSCs are particularly resistant to conventional therapies compared to their counterparts, owing greatly to their intrinsic metabolic plasticity. Metabolic plasticity allows CSCs to switch between different energy production and usage pathways based on environmental and extrinsic factors, including conditions imposed by conventional cancer therapies. To cope with nutrient deprivation and therapeutic stress, CSCs can transpose between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) metabolism. The mechanism behind the metabolic pathway switch in CSCs is not fully understood, however, some evidence suggests that the tumor microenvironment (TME) may play an influential role mediated by its release of signals, such as Wnt/β-catenin and Notch pathways, as well as a background of hypoxia. Exploring the factors that promote metabolic plasticity in CSCs offers the possibility of eventually developing therapies that may more effectively eliminate the crucial tumor cell subtype and alter the disease course substantially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Masoudi
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4222, Australia
| | - Dilpreet Moti
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4222, Australia
| | - Raha Masoudi
- Faculty of Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Abdul Auwal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - M Matakabbir Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Tasfik Ul Haque Pronoy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Khan Mohammad Rashel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Vinod Gopalan
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4222, Australia
| | - Farhadul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh.
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Zhang Y, Sun M, Zhao H, Wang Z, Shi Y, Dong J, Wang K, Wang X, Li X, Qi H, Zhao X. Neuroprotective Effects and Therapeutic Potential of Dichloroacetate: Targeting Metabolic Disorders in Nervous System Diseases. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:7559-7581. [PMID: 38106446 PMCID: PMC10725694 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s439728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Dichloroacetate (DCA) is an investigational drug used to treat lactic acidosis and malignant tumours. It works by inhibiting pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase and increasing the rate of glucose oxidation. Some studies have documented the neuroprotective benefits of DCA. By reviewing these studies, this paper shows that DCA has multiple pharmacological activities, including regulating metabolism, ameliorating oxidative stress, attenuating neuroinflammation, inhibiting apoptosis, decreasing autophagy, protecting the blood‒brain barrier, improving the function of endothelial progenitor cells, improving mitochondrial dynamics, and decreasing amyloid β-protein. In addition, DCA inhibits the enzyme that metabolizes it, which leads to peripheral neurotoxicity due to drug accumulation that may be solved by individualized drug delivery and nanovesicle delivery. In summary, in this review, we analyse the mechanisms of neuroprotection by DCA in different diseases and discuss the causes of and solutions to its adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meiyan Sun
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongxiang Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengyan Wang
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanan Shi
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Dong
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaifang Wang
- Department of Anesthesia, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, Shanxi Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingyue Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Qi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
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Liu F, Ma Y, Sun H, Cai H, Liang X, Xu C, Du L, Wang Y, Liu Q. SUMO1 Modification Stabilizes TET3 Protein and Increases Colorectal Cancer Radiation Therapy Sensitivity. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:942-954. [PMID: 37244630 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this work was to explore the role and mechanism of active DNA demethylase in colorectal cancer (CRC) radiation sensitization and better understand the function of DNA demethylation in tumor radiosensitization. METHODS AND MATERIALS Tested the effect of ten-eleven translocation 3 (TET3) overexpression on the sensitivity of CRC to radiation therapy through G2/M arrest, apoptosis, and clonogenic suppression. TET3 knockdown HCT 116 and TET3 knockdown LS 180 cell lines were constructed by siRNA technology, and the effect of exogenous knockdown of TET3 on radiation-induced apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, DNA damage, and clone formation in CRC cells were detected. The co-localization of TET3 and small ubiquitin-like modifier 1 (SUMO1), SUMO2/3 was detected by immunofluorescence and cytoplasmic-nuclear extraction, and the interaction between TET3 and SUMO1, SUMO2/3 was detected by a coimmunoprecipitation assay. RESULTS The malignant phenotype and radiosensitivity of CRC cell lines were favorably linked with TET3 protein and mRNA expression. TET3 is upregulated in 23 of the 27 tumor types investigated, including colon cancer. TET3 was shown to correlate with the CRC pathologic malignancy grade positively. Overexpression of TET3 in CRC cell lines increased radiation-induced apoptosis, G2/M phase arrest, DNA damage, and clonal suppression in vitro. The binding region of TET3 and SUMO2/3 was located at 833-1795 AA except for K1012, K1188, K1397, and K1623. SUMOylation of TET3 increased the stability of the TET3 protein without changing its nuclear localization. CONCLUSIONS We report the sensitizing role of TET3 protein in the radiation of CRC cells, depending on SUMO1 modification of TET3 at the lysine sites (K479, K758, K1012, K1188, K1397, K1623), in turn stabilizing TET3 expression in the nucleus and subsequently increasing the sensitivity of CRC to radiation therapy. Together, this study highlights the potentially critical role of TET3 SUMOylation in radiation regulation, which may contribute to an enhanced understanding of the relationship between DNA demethylation and radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengting Liu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, The Afliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 127 Dongming Road, Zhengzhou 450008, Henan, China
| | - Ya Ma
- Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Cai
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Liang
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Liqing Du
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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Quan H, Chung H, Je S, Hong JJ, Kim BJ, Na YR, Seok SH. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase inhibitor dichloroacetate augments autophagy mediated constraining the replication of Mycobacteroides massiliense in macrophages. Microbes Infect 2023; 25:105139. [PMID: 37085043 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2023.105139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates a strong interaction between cellular metabolism and innate macrophage immunity. Here, we show that the intracellular replication of Mycobacteroides massiliense in macrophages depends on host pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) activity. Infection with M. massiliense induced a metabolic switch in macrophages by increasing glycolysis and decreasing oxidative phosphorylation. Treatment with dichloroacetate (DCA), a PDK inhibitor, converts this switch in M. massiliense-infected macrophages and restricts intracellular bacterial replication. Mechanistically, DCA resulted in AMPKα1 activation via increased AMP/ATP ratio, consequently inducing autophagy to constrain bacterial proliferation in the phagolysosome. This study suggests that the pharmacological inhibition of PDK could be a strategy for host-directed therapy to control virulent M. massiliense infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailian Quan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmo Je
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Joo Hong
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si, South Korea; KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Bum-Joon Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi Rang Na
- Transdisciplinary Department of Medicine and Advanced Technology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung Hyeok Seok
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Kamson DO, Chinnasamy V, Grossman SA, Bettegowda C, Barker PB, Stacpoole PW, Oeltzschner G. In-vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy of lactate as a non-invasive biomarker of dichloroacetate activity in cancer and non-cancer central nervous system disorders. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1077461. [PMID: 37007074 PMCID: PMC10063958 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1077461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The adverse effects of lactic acidosis in the cancer microenvironment have been increasingly recognized. Dichloroacetate (DCA) is an orally bioavailable, blood brain barrier penetrable drug that has been extensively studied in the treatment of mitochondrial neurologic conditions to reduce lactate production. Due to its effect reversing aerobic glycolysis (i.e., Warburg-effect) and thus lactic acidosis, DCA became a drug of interest in cancer as well. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a well-established, non-invasive technique that allows detection of prominent metabolic changes, such as shifts in lactate or glutamate levels. Thus, MRS is a potential radiographic biomarker to allow spatial and temporal mapping of DCA treatment. In this systematic literature review, we gathered the available evidence on the use of various MRS techniques to track metabolic changes after DCA administration in neurologic and oncologic disorders. We included in vitro, animal, and human studies. Evidence confirms that DCA has substantial effects on lactate and glutamate levels in neurologic and oncologic disease, which are detectable by both experimental and routine clinical MRS approaches. Data from mitochondrial diseases show slower lactate changes in the central nervous system (CNS) that correlate better with clinical function compared to blood. This difference is most striking in focal impairments of lactate metabolism suggesting that MRS might provide data not captured by solely monitoring blood. In summary, our findings corroborate the feasibility of MRS as a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic biomarker of DCA delivery in the CNS, that is ready to be integrated into currently ongoing and future human clinical trials using DCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- David O. Kamson
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: David O. Kamson, ; Georg Oeltzschner,
| | - Viveka Chinnasamy
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Stuart A. Grossman
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Chetan Bettegowda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Peter B. Barker
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Peter W. Stacpoole
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Georg Oeltzschner
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: David O. Kamson, ; Georg Oeltzschner,
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Škubník J, Svobodová Pavlíčková V, Ruml T, Rimpelová S. Autophagy in cancer resistance to paclitaxel: Development of combination strategies. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114458. [PMID: 36889112 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel, a compound naturally occurring in yew, is a commonly used drug for the treatment of different types of cancer. Unfortunately, frequent cancer cell resistance significantly decreases its anticancer effectivity. The main reason for the resistance development is the paclitaxel-induced phenomenon of cytoprotective autophagy occurring by different mechanisms of action in dependence on a cell type and possibly even leading to metastases. Paclitaxel also induces autophagy in cancer stem cells, which greatly contributes to tumor resistance development. Paclitaxel anticancer effectivity can be predicted by the presence of several autophagy-related molecular markers, such as tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 13 in triple-negative breast cancer or cystine/glutamate transporter encoded by the SLC7A11 gene in ovarian cancer. Nevertheless, the undesired effects of paclitaxel-induced autophagy can be eliminated by paclitaxel co-administration with autophagy inhibitors, such as chloroquine. Interestingly, in certain cases, it is worthy of potentiating autophagy by paclitaxel combination with autophagy inducers, for instance, apatinib. A modern strategy in anticancer research is also to encapsulate chemotherapeutics into nanoparticle carriers or develop their novel derivatives with improved anticancer properties. Hence, in this review article, we summarize not only the current knowledge of paclitaxel-induced autophagy and its role in cancer resistance but mainly the possible drug combinations based on paclitaxel and their administration in nanoparticle-based formulations as well as paclitaxel analogs with autophagy-modulating properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Škubník
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 3, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic.
| | - Vladimíra Svobodová Pavlíčková
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 3, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomáš Ruml
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 3, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic.
| | - Silvie Rimpelová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 3, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic.
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8
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Wang H, Tian Q, Xu Z, Du M, Zhu MJ. Metabolomic profiling for the preventive effects of dietary grape pomace against colorectal cancer. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 116:109308. [PMID: 36868505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common and deadly cancers worldwide. Grape pomace (GP) is a rich source of bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. We recently found that dietary GP had protective effects against CRC development in the azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) CRC mouse model through suppression of cell proliferation and modulation of DNA methylation. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with changes in metabolites remain unexamined. This study profiled fecal metabolomic changes in a mouse CRC model in response to GP supplementation using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) based metabolomic analysis. A total of 29 compounds showed significant changes due to GP supplementation, including bile acids, amino acids, fatty acids, phenols/flavonoids, glycerolipids, carbohydrates, organic acids, and others. The major changes in metabolites of feces include increased deoxycholic acid (DCA) and decreased amino acid content. Dietary GP upregulated the expression of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) downstream genes while decreasing fecal urease activity. DNA repair enzyme MutS Homolog 2 (MSH2) was upregulated by GP supplementation. Consistently, γ-H2AX, as a DNA damage marker, decreased in GP supplemented mice. Moreover, MDM2, a protein in the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) signaling, was decreased by GP supplementation. These data provided valuable metabolic clues for unraveling the protective effects of GP supplementation against CRC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Wang
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA,; Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Qiyu Tian
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA,; Department of Animal Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Zhixin Xu
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Min Du
- Department of Animal Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Mei-Jun Zhu
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA,.
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9
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ArulJothi KN, Kumaran K, Senthil S, Nidhu AB, Munaff N, Janitri VB, Kirubakaran R, Singh SK, Gupt G, Dua K, Krishnan A. Implications of reactive oxygen species in lung cancer and exploiting it for therapeutic interventions. Med Oncol 2023; 40:43. [PMID: 36472716 PMCID: PMC9734980 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01900-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the second (11.4%) most commonly diagnosed cancer and the first (18%) to cause cancer-related deaths worldwide. The incidence of lung cancer varies significantly among men, women, and high and low-middle-income countries. Air pollution, inhalable agents, and tobacco smoking are a few of the critical factors that determine lung cancer incidence and mortality worldwide. Reactive oxygen species are known factors of lung carcinogenesis resulting from the xenobiotics and their mechanistic paths are under critical investigation. Reactive oxygen species exhibit dual roles in cells, as a tumorigenic and anti-proliferative factor, depending on spatiotemporal context. During the precancerous state, ROS promotes cancer origination through oxidative stress and base-pair substitution mutations in pro-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. At later stages of tumor progression, they help the cancer cells in invasion, and metastases by activating the NF-kB and MAPK pathways. However, at advanced stages, when ROS exceeds the threshold, it promotes cell cycle arrest and induces apoptosis in cancer cells. ROS activates extrinsic apoptosis through death receptors and intrinsic apoptosis through mitochondrial pathways. Moreover, ROS upregulates the expression of beclin-1 which is a critical component to initiate autophagy, another form of programmed cell death. ROS is additionally involved in an intermediatory step in necroptosis, which catalyzes and accelerates this form of cell death. Various therapeutic interventions have been attempted to exploit this cytotoxic potential of ROS to treat different cancers. Growing body of evidence suggests that ROS is also associated with chemoresistance and cancer cell immunity. Considering the multiple roles of ROS, this review highlights the exploitation of ROS for various therapeutic interventions. However, there are still gaps in the literature on the dual roles of ROS and the involvement of ROS in cancer cell immunity and therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. N. ArulJothi
- grid.412742.60000 0004 0635 5080Department of Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Chennai, 603203 India
| | - K. Kumaran
- grid.412742.60000 0004 0635 5080Department of Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Chennai, 603203 India
| | - Sowmya Senthil
- grid.412742.60000 0004 0635 5080Department of Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Chennai, 603203 India
| | - A. B. Nidhu
- grid.412742.60000 0004 0635 5080Department of Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Chennai, 603203 India
| | - Nashita Munaff
- grid.412742.60000 0004 0635 5080Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Chennai, 603203 India
| | - V. B. Janitri
- grid.262613.20000 0001 2323 3518Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Rangasamy Kirubakaran
- grid.444708.b0000 0004 1799 6895Department of Biotechnology, Vinayaka Mission’s Kirupananda Variyar Engineering College, Vinayaka Missions Research Foundation, Salem, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- grid.449005.cSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T Road, Phagwara, Punjab India ,grid.117476.20000 0004 1936 7611Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007 Australia
| | - Gaurav Gupt
- grid.448952.60000 0004 1767 7579School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur, 302017 India ,grid.412431.10000 0004 0444 045XDepartment of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India ,grid.449906.60000 0004 4659 5193Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- grid.117476.20000 0004 1936 7611Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007 Australia ,grid.117476.20000 0004 1936 7611Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007 Australia
| | - Anand Krishnan
- grid.412219.d0000 0001 2284 638XDepartment of Chemical Pathology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300 South Africa
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Lam SK, Yan S, Lam JSM, Feng Y, Khan M, Chen C, Ko FCF, Ho JCM. Disturbance of the Warburg effect by dichloroacetate and niclosamide suppresses the growth of different sub-types of malignant pleural mesothelioma in vitro and in vivo. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1020343. [PMID: 36304150 PMCID: PMC9592830 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1020343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Inhalation of asbestos fibers is the most common cause of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). In 2004, the United States Food and Drug Administration approved a combination of cisplatin with pemetrexed to treat unresectable MPM. Nonetheless novel treatment is urgently needed. The objective of this study is to report the combination effect of dichloroacetate (DCA) or niclosamide (Nic) Nic in MPM. Materials and methods: The effect of a combination of DCA and Nic was studied using a panel of MPM cell lines (H28, MSTO-211H, H226, H2052, and H2452). Cell viability was monitored by MTT assay. Glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, glucose, glycogen, pyruvate, lactate, citrate, succinate and ATP levels were determined by corresponding ELISA. Apoptosis, mitochondrial transmembrane potential, cell cycle analysis, hydrogen peroxide and superoxide were investigated by flow cytometry. Cell migration and colony formation were investigated by transwell migration and colony formation assays respectively. The in vivo effect was confirmed using 211H and H226 nude mice xenograft models. Results and conclusion: Cell viability was reduced. Disturbance of glycolysis and/or oxidative phosphorylation resulted in downregulation of glycogen, citrate and succinate. DCA and/or Nic increased apoptosis, mitochondrial transmembrane depolarization, G2/M arrest and reactive oxygen species. Moreover, DCA and/or Nic suppressed cell migration and colony formation. Furthermore, a better initial tumor suppressive effect was induced by the DCA/Nic combination compared with either drug alone in both 211H and H226 xenograft models. In H226 xenografts, DCA/Nic increased median survival of mice compared with single treatment. Single drug and/or a combination disturbed the Warburg effect and activated apoptosis, and inhibition of migration and proliferation in vivo. In conclusion, dichloroacetate and/or niclosamide showed a tumor suppressive effect in MPM in vitro and in vivo, partially mediated by disturbance of glycolysis/oxidative phosphorylation, apoptosis, ROS production, G2/M arrest, and suppression of migration and proliferation.
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11
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Al-Azawi A, Sulaiman S, Arafat K, Yasin J, Nemmar A, Attoub S. Impact of Sodium Dichloroacetate Alone and in Combination Therapies on Lung Tumor Growth and Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212553. [PMID: 34830434 PMCID: PMC8624089 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming has been recognized as an essential emerging cancer hallmark. Dichloroacetate (DCA), an inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK), has been reported to have anti-cancer effects by reversing tumor-associated glycolysis. This study was performed to explore the anti-cancer potential of DCA in lung cancer alone and in combination with chemo- and targeted therapies using two non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines, namely, A549 and LNM35. DCA markedly caused a concentration- and time-dependent decrease in the viability and colony growth of A549 and LNM35 cells in vitro. DCA also reduced the growth of tumor xenografts in both a chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane and nude mice models in vivo. Furthermore, DCA decreased the angiogenic capacity of human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro. On the other hand, DCA did not inhibit the in vitro cellular migration and invasion and the in vivo incidence and growth of axillary lymph nodes metastases in nude mice. Treatment with DCA did not show any toxicity in chick embryos and nude mice. Finally, we demonstrated that DCA significantly enhanced the anti-cancer effect of cisplatin in LNM35. In addition, the combination of DCA with gefitinib or erlotinib leads to additive effects on the inhibition of LNM35 colony growth after seven days of treatment and to synergistic effects on the inhibition of A549 colony growth after 14 days of treatment. Collectively, this study demonstrates that DCA is a safe and promising therapeutic agent for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Al-Azawi
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates; (A.A.-A.); (S.S.); (K.A.)
| | - Shahrazad Sulaiman
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates; (A.A.-A.); (S.S.); (K.A.)
| | - Kholoud Arafat
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates; (A.A.-A.); (S.S.); (K.A.)
| | - Javed Yasin
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Abderrahim Nemmar
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates;
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Samir Attoub
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates; (A.A.-A.); (S.S.); (K.A.)
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), 75013 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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12
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Zhou J, Li XY, Liu YJ, Feng J, Wu Y, Shen HM, Lu GD. Full-coverage regulations of autophagy by ROS: from induction to maturation. Autophagy 2021; 18:1240-1255. [PMID: 34662529 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1984656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is an evolutionarily well-conserved recycling process in response to stress conditions, including a burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. High level of ROS attack key cellular macromolecules. Protein cysteinyl thiols or non-protein thiols as the major redox-sensitive targets thus constitute the first-line defense. Autophagy is unique, because it removes not only oxidized/damaged proteins but also bulky ROS-generating organelles (such as mitochondria and peroxisome) to restrict further ROS production. The oxidative regulations of autophagy occur in all processes of autophagy, from induction, phagophore nucleation, phagophore expansion, autophagosome maturation, cargo delivery to the lysosome, and finally to degradation of the cargo and recycling of the products, as well as autophagy gene transcription. Mechanically, these regulations are achieved through direct or indirect manners. Direct thiol oxidation of key proteins such as ATG4, ATM and TFEB are responsible for specific regulations in phagophore expansion, cargo recognition and autophagy gene transcription, respectively. Meanwhile, oxidation of certain redox-sensitive chaperone-like proteins (e.g. PRDX family members and PARK7) may impair a nonspecifically local reducing environment in the phagophore membrane, and influence BECN1-involved phagophore nucleation and mitophagy recognition. However, ROS do exhibit some inhibitory effects on autophagy through direct oxidation of key autophagy regulators such as ATG3, ATG7 and SENP3 proteins. SQSTM1 provides an alternative antioxidant mechanism when autophagy is unavailable or impaired. However, it is yet to be unraveled how cells evolve to equip proteins with different redox susceptibility and in their correct subcellular positions, and how cells fine-tune autophagy machinery in response to different levels of ROS.Abbreviations: AKT1/PKB: AKT serine/threonine kinase 1; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ATG: autophagy related; ATM: ATM serine/threonine kinase; BAX: BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator; BECN1: beclin 1; BH3: BCL2-homology-3; CAV1: caveolin 1; CCCP: carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone; CTSB: cathepsin B; CTSL: cathepsin L; DAPK: death associated protein kinase; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; ETC: electron transport chain; GSH: glutathione; GSTP1: glutathione S-transferase pi 1; H2O2: hydrogen peroxide; HK2: hexokinase 2; KEAP1: kelch like ECH associated protein 1; MAMs: mitochondria-associated ER membranes; MAP1LC3B/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MAPK8/JNK1: mitogen-activated protein kinase 8; MAP3K5/ASK1: mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5; MCOLN1: mucolipin 1; MMP: mitochondrial membrane potential; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; NFE2L2/NRF2: nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2; NFKB1: nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1; NOX: NADPH oxidase; O2-: superoxide radical anion; p-Ub: phosphorylated Ub; PARK7/DJ-1: Parkinsonism associated deglycase; PE: phosphatidylethanolamine; PEX5: peroxisomal biogenesis factor 5; PINK1: PTEN induced kinase 1; PPP3CA/calcineurin: protein phosphatase 3 catalytic subunit beta; PRDX: peroxiredoxin; PRKAA1: protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1; PRKD/PKD: protein kinase D; PRKN/parkin: parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase; PtdIns3K: class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; PTEN: phosphatase and tensin homolog; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SENP3: SUMO specific peptidase 3; SIRT1: sirtuin 1; SOD1: superoxide dismutase 1; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; SUMO: small ubiquitin like modifier; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TRAF6: TNF receptor associated factor 6; TSC2: TSC complex subunit 2; TXN: thioredoxin; TXNRD1: thioredoxin reductase 1; TXNIP: thioredoxin interacting protein; Ub: ubiquitin; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- Department of Physiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xin-Yu Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Yu-Jia Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Ji Feng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Yong Wu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Han-Ming Shen
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Guo-Dong Lu
- Department of Physiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China.,Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
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13
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Eykyn T, Elliott S, Kuchel P. Extended Bloch-McConnell equations for mechanistic analysis of hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance experiments on enzyme systems. MAGNETIC RESONANCE (GOTTINGEN, GERMANY) 2021; 2:421-446. [PMID: 37904769 PMCID: PMC10539799 DOI: 10.5194/mr-2-421-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
We describe an approach to formulating the kinetic master equations of the time evolution of NMR signals in reacting (bio)chemical systems. Special focus is given to studies that employ signal enhancement (hyperpolarization) methods such as dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (dDNP) and involving nuclear spin-bearing solutes that undergo reactions mediated by enzymes and membrane transport proteins. We extend the work given in a recent presentation on this topic (Kuchel and Shishmarev, 2020) to now include enzymes with two or more substrates and various enzyme reaction mechanisms as classified by Cleland, with particular reference to non-first-order processes. Using this approach, we can address some pressing questions in the field from a theoretical standpoint. For example, why does binding of a hyperpolarized substrate to an enzyme not cause an appreciable loss of the signal from the substrate or product? Why does the concentration of an unlabelled pool of substrate, for example 12 C lactate, cause an increase in the rate of exchange of the 13 C-labelled pool? To what extent is the equilibrium position of the reaction perturbed during administration of the substrate? The formalism gives a full mechanistic understanding of the time courses derived and is of relevance to ongoing clinical trials using these techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R. Eykyn
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's
College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart J. Elliott
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire à Très
Hauts Champs – FRE 2034 Université de Lyon / CNRS / Université
Claude Bernard Lyon 1 / ENS de Lyon, 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne,
France
- current address: Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool,
Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Philip W. Kuchel
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney,
Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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14
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Sharma P, Singh S. Combinatorial Effect of DCA and Let-7a on Triple-Negative MDA-MB-231 Cells: A Metabolic Approach of Treatment. Integr Cancer Ther 2021; 19:1534735420911437. [PMID: 32248711 PMCID: PMC7136934 DOI: 10.1177/1534735420911437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dichloroacetate (DCA) is a metabolic modulator that inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase activity and promotes the influx of pyruvate into the tricarboxylic acid cycle for complete oxidation of glucose. DCA stimulates oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) more than glycolysis by altering the morphology of the mitochondria and supports mitochondrial apoptosis. As a consequence, DCA induces apoptosis in cancer cells and inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells. Recently, the role of miRNAs has been reported in regulating gene expression at the transcriptional level and also in reprogramming energy metabolism. In this article, we indicate that DCA treatment leads to the upregulation of let-7a expression, but DCA-induced cancer cell death is independent of let-7a. We observed that the combined effect of DCA and let-7a induces apoptosis, reduces reactive oxygen species generation and autophagy, and stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis. This was later accompanied by stimulation of OXPHOS in combined treatment and was thus involved in metabolic reprogramming of MDA-MB-231 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandeep Singh
- Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
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15
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Go S, Kramer TT, Verhoeven AJ, Oude Elferink RPJ, Chang JC. The extracellular lactate-to-pyruvate ratio modulates the sensitivity to oxidative stress-induced apoptosis via the cytosolic NADH/NAD + redox state. Apoptosis 2020; 26:38-51. [PMID: 33230593 PMCID: PMC7902596 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-020-01648-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The advantages of the Warburg effect on tumor growth and progression are well recognized. However, the relevance of the Warburg effect for the inherent resistance to apoptosis of cancer cells has received much less attention. Here, we show here that the Warburg effect modulates the extracellular lactate-to-pyruvate ratio, which profoundly regulates the sensitivity towards apoptosis induced by oxidative stress in several cell lines. To induce oxidative stress, we used the rapid apoptosis inducer Raptinal. We observed that medium conditioned by HepG2 cells has a high lactate-to-pyruvate ratio and confers resistance to Raptinal-induced apoptosis. In addition, imposing a high extracellular lactate-to-pyruvate ratio in media reduces the cytosolic NADH/NAD+ redox state and protects against Raptinal-induced apoptosis. Conversely, a low extracellular lactate-to-pyruvate ratio oxidizes the cytosolic NADH/NAD+ redox state and sensitizes HepG2 cells to oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. Mechanistically, a high extracellular lactate-to-pyruvate ratio decreases the activation of JNK and Bax under oxidative stress, thereby inhibiting the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Our observations demonstrate that the Warburg effect of cancer cells generates an anti-apoptotic extracellular environment by elevating the extracellular lactate-to-pyruvate ratio which desensitizes cancer cells towards apoptotic insults. Consequently, our study suggests that the Warburg effect can be targeted to reverse the lactate-to-pyruvate ratios in the tumor microenvironment and thereby re-sensitize cancer cells to oxidative stress-inducing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simei Go
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism (AG&M) Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thorquil T Kramer
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism (AG&M) Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur J Verhoeven
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism (AG&M) Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald P J Oude Elferink
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism (AG&M) Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jung-Chin Chang
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism (AG&M) Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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16
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García-Heredia JM, Carnero A. Role of Mitochondria in Cancer Stem Cell Resistance. Cells 2020; 9:E1693. [PMID: 32679735 PMCID: PMC7407626 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSC) are associated with the mechanisms of chemoresistance to different cytotoxic drugs or radiotherapy, as well as with tumor relapse and a poor prognosis. Various studies have shown that mitochondria play a central role in these processes because of the ability of this organelle to modify cell metabolism, allowing survival and avoiding apoptosis clearance of cancer cells. Thus, the whole mitochondrial cycle, from its biogenesis to its death, either by mitophagy or by apoptosis, can be targeted by different drugs to reduce mitochondrial fitness, allowing for a restored or increased sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs. Once mitochondrial misbalance is induced by a specific drug in any of the processes of mitochondrial metabolism, two elements are commonly boosted: an increment in reactive nitrogen/oxygen species and, subsequently, activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel García-Heredia
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. de la Reina Mercedes 6, 41012 Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Amancio Carnero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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17
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Bennett J, Kerr M, Greenway SC, Friederich MW, Van Hove JL, Hittel D, Khan A. Improved lactate control with dichloroacetate in a case with severe neonatal lactic acidosis due to MTFMT mitochondrial translation disorder. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2020; 24:100616. [PMID: 32577402 PMCID: PMC7303673 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2020.100616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial methionyl-tRNA formyltransferase (MTFMT) is a nuclear-encoded gene that produces a protein involved in mitochondrial translation. MTFMT formylates a portion of Met-tRNAMet, which allows for translation initiation of mitochondrial mRNA. Mutations in this gene have been shown to result in decreased mitochondrial translation with reduction function of the electron transport chain complexes I, III, IV, and V, thus affecting cellular energy production. Our patient presented with severe lactic acidosis in the neonatal period, and was found to be homozygous for the pathogenic mutation c.994C > T, p.(Arg332*). Her blood lactate levels normalized and her cardiomyopathy reversed after initiation of dichloroacetate (30 mg/kg/day). After two years of follow-up, she continues to show long-term lactate stability, continues to make developmental gains, and is in overall good general health. This is the first report using dichloroacetate in a patient with MTFMT deficiency, which may be a potential therapeutic option that warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Bennett
- Department of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital, Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Marina Kerr
- Department of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital, Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Steven C. Greenway
- Departments of Pediatrics, Cardiac Sciences, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Marisa W. Friederich
- Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Johan L.K. Van Hove
- Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Dustin Hittel
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Aneal Khan
- Department of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital, Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Corresponding author at: Alberta Children's Hospital, 28 Oki Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T3B 6A8, Canada.
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18
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Andrejeva G, Gowan S, Lin G, Wong Te Fong ACLF, Shamsaei E, Parkes HG, Mui J, Raynaud FI, Asad Y, Vizcay-Barrena G, Nikitorowicz-Buniak J, Valenti M, Howell L, Fleck RA, Martin LA, Kirkin V, Leach MO, Chung YL. De novo phosphatidylcholine synthesis is required for autophagosome membrane formation and maintenance during autophagy. Autophagy 2020; 16:1044-1060. [PMID: 31517566 PMCID: PMC7469489 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1659608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy can enable cancer cells to withstand cellular stress and maintain bioenergetic homeostasis by sequestering cellular components into newly formed double-membrane vesicles destined for lysosomal degradation, potentially affecting the efficacy of anti-cancer treatments. Using 13C-labeled choline and 13C-magnetic resonance spectroscopy and western blotting, we show increased de novo choline phospholipid (ChoPL) production and activation of PCYT1A (phosphate cytidylyltransferase 1, choline, alpha), the rate-limiting enzyme of phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) synthesis, during autophagy. We also discovered that the loss of PCYT1A activity results in compromised autophagosome formation and maintenance in autophagic cells. Direct tracing of ChoPLs with fluorescence and immunogold labeling imaging revealed the incorporation of newly synthesized ChoPLs into autophagosomal membranes, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria during anticancer drug-induced autophagy. Significant increase in the colocalization of fluorescence signals from the newly synthesized ChoPLs and mCherry-MAP1LC3/LC3 (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3) was also found on autophagosomes accumulating in cells treated with autophagy-modulating compounds. Interestingly, cells undergoing active autophagy had an altered ChoPL profile, with longer and more unsaturated fatty acid/alcohol chains detected. Our data suggest that de novo synthesis may be required to increase autophagosomal ChoPL content and alter its composition, together with replacing phospholipids consumed from other organelles during autophagosome formation and turnover. This addiction to de novo ChoPL synthesis and the critical role of PCYT1A may lead to development of agents targeting autophagy-induced drug resistance. In addition, fluorescence imaging of choline phospholipids could provide a useful way to visualize autophagosomes in cells and tissues. ABBREVIATIONS AKT: AKT serine/threonine kinase; BAX: BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator; BECN1: beclin 1; ChoPL: choline phospholipid; CHKA: choline kinase alpha; CHPT1: choline phosphotransferase 1; CTCF: corrected total cell fluorescence; CTP: cytidine-5'-triphosphate; DCA: dichloroacetate; DMEM: dulbeccos modified Eagles medium; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; EDTA: ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; GDPD5: glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase domain containing 5; GFP: green fluorescent protein; GPC: glycerophosphorylcholine; HBSS: hanks balances salt solution; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; LPCAT1: lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1; LysoPtdCho: lysophosphatidylcholine; MRS: magnetic resonance spectroscopy; MTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1; PCho: phosphocholine; PCYT: choline phosphate cytidylyltransferase; PLA2: phospholipase A2; PLB: phospholipase B; PLC: phospholipase C; PLD: phospholipase D; PCYT1A: phosphate cytidylyltransferase 1, choline, alpha; PI3K: phosphoinositide-3-kinase; pMAFs: pancreatic mouse adult fibroblasts; PNPLA6: patatin like phospholipase domain containing 6; Pro-Cho: propargylcholine; Pro-ChoPLs: propargylcholine phospholipids; PtdCho: phosphatidylcholine; PtdEth: phosphatidylethanolamine; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; RPS6: ribosomal protein S6; SCD: stearoyl-CoA desaturase; SEM: standard error of the mean; SM: sphingomyelin; SMPD1/SMase: sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1, acid lysosomal; SGMS: sphingomyelin synthase; WT: wild-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Andrejeva
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research London and Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sharon Gowan
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research London, London, UK
| | - Gigin Lin
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research London and Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Anne-Christine LF Wong Te Fong
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research London and Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Elham Shamsaei
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research London and Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Harry G. Parkes
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research London and Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - James Mui
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research London, London, UK
| | - Florence I. Raynaud
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research London, London, UK
| | - Yasmin Asad
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Melanie Valenti
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research London, London, UK
| | - Louise Howell
- Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research London, London, UK
| | - Roland A. Fleck
- Centre for Ultrastructural Imaging, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Lesley-Ann Martin
- Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research London, London, UK
| | - Vladimir Kirkin
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research London, London, UK
| | - Martin O. Leach
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research London and Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Yuen-Li Chung
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research London and Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
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19
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Ascites-derived ALDH+CD44+ tumour cell subsets endow stemness, metastasis and metabolic switch via PDK4-mediated STAT3/AKT/NF-κB/IL-8 signalling in ovarian cancer. Br J Cancer 2020; 123:275-287. [PMID: 32390009 PMCID: PMC7374705 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-0865-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer is characterised by frequent recurrence due to persistent presence of residual cancer stem cells (CSCs). Here, we identify and characterise tumour subsets from ascites-derived tumour cells with stemness, metastasis and metabolic switch properties and to delineate the involvement of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) in such process. Methods Ovarian cancer cells/cell lines derived from ascites were used for tumourspheres/ALDH+CD44+ subset isolation. The functional roles and downstream signalling of PDK4 were explored. Its association with clinical outcome of ovarian cancer was analysed. Results We demonstrated enhanced CSC characteristics of tumour cells derived from ovarian cancer ascites, concomitant with ALDH and CD44 subset enrichment and high PDK4 expression, compared to primary tumours. We further showed tumourspheres/ALDH+CD44+ subsets from ascites-derived tumour cells/cell lines with CSC properties and enhanced glycolysis. Clinically, PDK4 expression was correlated with aggressive features. Notably, blockade of PDK4 in tumourspheres/ALDH+CD44+ subsets led to inhibition of CSC characteristics, glycolysis and activation of STAT3/AKT/NF-κB/IL-8 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3/protein kinases B/nuclear factor-κB/interleukin-8) signalling. Conversely, overexpression of PDK4 in ALDH−CD44– subsets exerted the opposite effects. Conclusion Ascites-derived ALDH+CD44+ tumour cell subsets endow stemness, metastatic and metabolic switch properties via PDK4-mediated STAT3/AKT/NF-κB/IL-8 signalling, suggesting PDK4 as a viable therapeutic molecular target for ovarian cancer management.
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20
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Sun W, Li Y, Tang Z, Chen H, Wan K, An R, Wu L, Sun Z. Effects of adding sodium dichloroacetate to low-protein diets on nitrogen balance and amino acid metabolism in the portal-drained viscera and liver of pigs. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2020; 11:36. [PMID: 32308979 PMCID: PMC7153232 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-020-00437-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Identifying regulatory measures to promote glucose oxidative metabolism while simultaneously reducing amino acid oxidative metabolism is one of the foremost challenges in formulating low-protein (LP) diets designed to reduce the excretion of nitrogen-containing substances known to be potential pollutants. In this study, we investigated the effects of adding sodium dichloroacetate (DCA) to a LP diet on nitrogen balance and amino acid metabolism in the portal-drained viscera (PDV) and liver of pigs.To measure nitrogen balance, 18 barrows (40 ± 1.0 kg) were fed one of three diets (n = 6 per group): 18% crude protein (CP, control), 13.5% CP (LP), and 13.5% CP + 100 mg DCA/kg dry matter (LP-DCA). To measure amino acid metabolism in the PDV and liver, 15 barrows (40 ± 1.0 kg) were randomly assigned to one of the three diets (n = 5 per group). Four essential amino acids (Lys, Met, Thr, and Trp) were added to the LP diets such that these had amino acid levels comparable to those of the control diet. Results The LP-DCA diet reduced nitrogen excretion in pigs relative to that of pigs fed the control diet (P < 0.05), without any negative effects on nitrogen retention (P > 0.05). There were no differences between the control and LP-DCA groups with respect to amino acid supply to the liver and extra-hepatic tissues in pigs (P > 0.05). The net release of ammonia into the portal vein and production rate of urea in the liver of pigs fed the LP-DCA diet was reduced relative to that of pigs fed the control and LP diets (P < 0.05). Conclusion The results indicated that addition of DCA to a LP diet can efficiently reduce nitrogen excretion in pigs and maximize the supply of amino acids to the liver and extra-hepatic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhong Sun
- 1Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 People's Republic of China
| | - Yunxia Li
- 2Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiru Tang
- 1Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyuan Chen
- 1Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Wan
- 1Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 People's Republic of China
| | - Rui An
- 1Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 People's Republic of China
| | - Liuting Wu
- 1Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihong Sun
- 1Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 People's Republic of China
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21
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Zhang C, Jiang J, Wang L, Zheng L, Xu J, Qi X, Huang H, Lu J, Li K, Wang H. Identification of Autophagy-Associated Biomarkers and Corresponding Regulatory Factors in the Progression of Colorectal Cancer. Front Genet 2020; 11:245. [PMID: 32265986 PMCID: PMC7100633 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a self-degradation process that maintains homeostasis against stress in cells. Autophagy dysfunction plays a central role in the development of tumors, such as colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, autophagy-related differentially expressed genes, their downstream functions, and upstream regulatory factors including RNA-binding proteins (RBP) involved in programmed cell death in the CRC were investigated. Transcription factors (TFs) and miRNAs have been shown to mainly regulate autophagy genes. Interestingly, we found that some of the RBP in the CRC, such as DDX17, SETDB1, and POLR3A, play an important regulatory role in maintaining autophagy at a basal level during growth by acting as TFs that regulate autophagy. Promoter methylations showed negative regulations on differentially expressed autophagy gene (DEAG), while copy number variations revealed a positive role in them. A proportional hazards regression analysis indicated that using autophagy-related prognostic signature can divide patients into high-risk and low-risk groups. Autophagy associated FDA-approved drugs were studied by a prognostic network. This would contribute to the identifications of new potential molecular therapeutic targets for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunrui Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Liqiang Wang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Liyu Zheng
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiankai Xu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaolin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education and College of Biomedical Information and Engineering, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Huiying Huang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jianping Lu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Kongning Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education and College of Biomedical Information and Engineering, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education and College of Biomedical Information and Engineering, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
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22
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Deng X, Wang Q, Cheng M, Chen Y, Yan X, Guo R, Sun L, Li Y, Liu Y. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 interferes with glucose metabolism reprogramming and mitochondrial quality control to aggravate stress damage in cancer. J Cancer 2020; 11:962-973. [PMID: 31949499 PMCID: PMC6959030 DOI: 10.7150/jca.34330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1) is a key factor in the connection between glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Restoring the mitochondrial OXPHOS function by inhibiting glycolysis through targeting PDK1 has become a hot spot for tumor therapy. However, the specific mechanism by which metabolic changes affect mitochondrial function remains unclear. Recent studies have found that mitochondrial quality control such as mitochondrial protein homeostasis plays an important role in maintaining mitochondrial function. Here, we focused on PDK1 and explored the specific mechanism by which metabolic changes affect mitochondrial OXPHOS function. We showed that glucose metabolism in HepG2 and HepG3B cells switched from anaerobic glycolysis to the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle under different concentrations of dichloroacetate (DCA) or short hairpin PDK1. After DCA treatment or knockdown of PDK1, the mitochondrial morphology was gradually condensed and exhibited shorter and more fragmented filaments. Additionally, expression of the mitochondrial autophagy proteins parkin and PTEN-induced kinase was down-regulated, and the biosynthetic protein peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α (PGC1α) and its regulated complex I, III, IV, and V protein were down-regulated. This indicated that PDK1 inhibition affected the level of mitochondrial quality control. Analysis of mitochondrial function revealed significantly increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and decreased membrane potential. Therefore, glucose metabolism reprogramming by PDK1 inhibition could induce mitochondrial quality control disorders to aggravate mitochondrial stress damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Deng
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Meiyu Cheng
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yingying Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yan
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Liankun Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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23
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Chu X, Schwartz R, Diamond MP, Raju RP. A Combination Treatment Strategy for Hemorrhagic Shock in a Rat Model Modulates Autophagy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2019; 6:281. [PMID: 31921865 PMCID: PMC6928057 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemorrhagic shock leads to whole body hypoxia and nutrient deprivation resulting in organ dysfunction and mortality. Previous studies demonstrated that resveratrol, dichloroacetate, and niacin improve organ function and survival in rats following hemorrhagic shock injury (HI). We hypothesized that a combinatorial formula that collectively promotes survival will decrease the dose of individual compounds toward effective therapy for HI. Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to HI by withdrawing 60% blood volume. NiDaR (Niacin-Dichloroacetate-Resveratrol; 2 mg/kg dose of each) or vehicle was administered following the shock in the absence of fluid resuscitation, and survival monitored. In order to study alterations in molecular mediators, separate groups of rats were administered NiDaR or vehicle along with resuscitation fluid, following HI. We observed significant improvement (p < 0.05) in survival following HI in animals that received NiDaR, in the absence of fluid resuscitation. In NiDaR treated animals that received resuscitation fluid, MAP was significantly increased compared to Veh-treated rats. HI-induced increase in systemic IL-6 levels and tissue expression of IL-6, IL-10, IL-1β, and IL-18 genes in the heart were attenuated with NiDaR treatment. NiDaR promoted autophagy following HI as demonstrated by reduced p-mTOR, increased p-ULK1 and p-Beclin. The combinatorial formula, NiDaR, reduced inflammation, promoted autophagy, and reduced doses of individual compounds used, and may be more effective in genetically heterogeneous population. In conclusion our experiments demonstrated that the combinatorial drug treatment has salutary effect in rats following HI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Chu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Richard Schwartz
- Emergency Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Michael P Diamond
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Raghavan Pillai Raju
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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24
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Ciccarone F, Di Leo L, Lazzarino G, Maulucci G, Di Giacinto F, Tavazzi B, Ciriolo MR. Aconitase 2 inhibits the proliferation of MCF-7 cells promoting mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and ROS/FoxO1-mediated autophagic response. Br J Cancer 2019; 122:182-193. [PMID: 31819175 PMCID: PMC7051954 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0641-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Deregulation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) due to mutations in specific enzymes or defective aerobic metabolism is associated with tumour growth. Aconitase 2 (ACO2) participates in the TCA cycle by converting citrate to isocitrate, but no evident demonstrations of its involvement in cancer metabolism have been provided so far. Methods Biochemical assays coupled with molecular biology, in silico, and cellular tools were applied to circumstantiate the impact of ACO2 in the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 metabolism. Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) of NADH was used to corroborate the changes in bioenergetics. Results We showed that ACO2 levels are decreased in breast cancer cell lines and human tumour biopsies. We generated ACO2- overexpressing MCF-7 cells and employed comparative analyses to identify metabolic adaptations. We found that increased ACO2 expression impairs cell proliferation and commits cells to redirect pyruvate to mitochondria, which weakens Warburg-like bioenergetic features. We also demonstrated that the enhancement of oxidative metabolism was supported by mitochondrial biogenesis and FoxO1-mediated autophagy/mitophagy that sustains the increased ROS burst. Conclusions This work identifies ACO2 as a relevant gene in cancer metabolic rewiring of MCF-7 cells, promoting a different utilisation of pyruvate and revealing the potential metabolic vulnerability of ACO2-associated malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Ciccarone
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Luca Di Leo
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome, 00133, Italy.,Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Unit of Cell Stress and Survival, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Giacomo Lazzarino
- UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, via di Sant'Alessandro 8, 00131, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maulucci
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Physics, Catholic University of Rome, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavio Di Giacinto
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Physics, Catholic University of Rome, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Tavazzi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University of Rome, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Ciriolo
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome, 00133, Italy. .,IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via della Pisana 235, Rome, 00163, Italy.
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25
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Stakišaitis D, Juknevičienė M, Damanskienė E, Valančiūtė A, Balnytė I, Alonso MM. The Importance of Gender-Related Anticancer Research on Mitochondrial Regulator Sodium Dichloroacetate in Preclinical Studies In Vivo. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081210. [PMID: 31434295 PMCID: PMC6721567 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium dichloroacetate (DCA) is an investigational medicinal product which has a potential anticancer preparation as a metabolic regulator in cancer cells’ mitochondria. Inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases by DCA keeps the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in the active form, resulting in decreased lactic acid in the tumor microenvironment. This literature review displays the preclinical research data on DCA’s effects on the cell pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency, pyruvate mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, reactive oxygen species generation, and the Na+–K+–2Cl− cotransporter expression regulation in relation to gender. It presents DCA pharmacokinetics and the hepatocarcinogenic effect, and the safety data covers the DCA monotherapy efficacy for various human cancer xenografts in vivo in male and female animals. Preclinical cancer researchers report the synergistic effects of DCA combined with different drugs on cancer by reversing resistance to chemotherapy and promoting cell apoptosis. Researchers note that female and male animals differ in the mechanisms of cancerogenesis but often ignore studying DCA’s effects in relation to gender. Preclinical gender-related differences in DCA pharmacology, pharmacological mechanisms, and the elucidation of treatment efficacy in gonad hormone dependency could be relevant for individualized therapy approaches so that gender-related differences in treatment response and safety can be proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatas Stakišaitis
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, 08660 Vilnius, Lithuania.
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Milda Juknevičienė
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Eligija Damanskienė
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Angelija Valančiūtė
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ingrida Balnytė
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Marta Maria Alonso
- Department of Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, 55 Pamplona, Spain.
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Stacpoole PW, Martyniuk CJ, James MO, Calcutt NA. Dichloroacetate-induced peripheral neuropathy. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2019; 145:211-238. [PMID: 31208525 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dichloroacetate (DCA) has been the focus of research by both environmental toxicologists and biomedical scientists for over 50 years. As a product of water chlorination and a metabolite of certain industrial chemicals, DCA is ubiquitous in our biosphere at low μg/kg body weight daily exposure levels without obvious adverse effects in humans. As an investigational drug for numerous congenital and acquired diseases, DCA is administered orally or parenterally, usually at doses of 10-50mg/kg per day. As a therapeutic, its principal mechanism of action is to inhibit pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK). In turn, PDK inhibits the key mitochondrial energy homeostat, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC), by reversible phosphorylation. By blocking PDK, DCA activates PDC and, consequently, the mitochondrial respiratory chain and ATP synthesis. A reversible sensory/motor peripheral neuropathy is the clinically limiting adverse effect of chronic DCA exposure and experimental data implicate the Schwann cell as a toxicological target. It has been postulated that stimulation of PDC and respiratory chain activity by DCA in normally glycolytic Schwann cells causes uncompensated oxidative stress from increased reactive oxygen species production. Additionally, the metabolism of DCA interferes with the catabolism of the amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine and with heme synthesis, resulting in accumulation of reactive molecules capable of forming adducts with DNA and proteins and also resulting in oxidative stress. Preliminary evidence in rodent models of peripheral neuropathy suggest that DCA-induced neurotoxicity may be mitigated by naturally occurring antioxidants and by a specific class of muscarinic receptor antagonists. These findings generate a number of testable hypotheses regarding the etiology and treatment of DCA peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Stacpoole
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Margaret O James
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Nigel A Calcutt
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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27
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Abramek J, Bogucki J, Ziaja-Sołtys M, Stępniewski A, Bogucka-Kocka A. Effect of sodium dichloroacetate on apoptotic gene expression in human leukemia cell lines. Pharmacol Rep 2018; 71:248-256. [PMID: 30822618 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium dichloroacetate (DCA) is an agent with anticancer properties against solid tumors. DCA also seems to have antileukemic activity. In order to affirm it we investigate the effect of DCA on cell viability and apoptotic gene expression profiles in leukemia cell lines: CEM/C1, CCRF/CEM, HL-60, HL-60/MX2. METHODS Cell viability was assessed by trypan blue staining. The expression of 93 genes involved in the process of apoptosis was determined by real-time PCR method using Taqman Low Density Array (TLDA). RESULTS CEM/C1, CCRF/CEM, HL-60, HL-60/MX2 cells were exposed to DCA for 24 h. The sensitivity of each cell line to DCA is different and depends on the concentration. CEM/C1 was the most sensitive with an half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 30 mM, while HL-60/MX2 was the most resistant with an IC50 value of 75 mM. Exposure of leukemia cells to DCA causes differences in gene expression profiles which cannot indicate that any particular pathway of apoptosis is initiated. However, the presence of 388 statistically significant correlations between expression pattern of gens was determined. CONCLUSION We showed that DCA causes a decrease in viability of leukemia cells. The decline depends on DCA concentration. The induction of any particular apoptosis pathway is not shown in cells after DCA treatment. For that reason, studies on the molecular mechanism of cell death after exposure to DCA should be continued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagoda Abramek
- Chair and Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Jacek Bogucki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Marta Ziaja-Sołtys
- Chair and Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
| | | | - Anna Bogucka-Kocka
- Chair and Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
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28
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Lacroix R, Rozeman EA, Kreutz M, Renner K, Blank CU. Targeting tumor-associated acidity in cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 67:1331-1348. [PMID: 29974196 PMCID: PMC11028141 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-018-2195-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Checkpoint inhibitors, such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibodies have changed profoundly the treatment of melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer, Hodgkin lymphoma, and bladder cancer. Currently, they are tested in various tumor entities as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapies or targeted therapies. However, only a subgroup of patients benefit from checkpoint blockade (combinations). This raises the question, which all mechanisms inhibit T cell function in the tumor environment, restricting the efficacy of these immunotherapeutic approaches. Serum activity of lactate dehydrogenase, likely reflecting the glycolytic activity of the tumor cells and thus acidity within the tumor microenvironment, turned out to be one of the strongest markers predicting response to checkpoint inhibition. In this review, we discuss the impact of tumor-associated acidity on the efficacy of T cell-mediated cancer immunotherapy and possible approaches to break this barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Lacroix
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elisa A Rozeman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marina Kreutz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Renner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian U Blank
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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29
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Early Imaging Biomarker of Myocardial Glucose Adaptations in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance Model by Using 18F-FDG PET and [U- 13C]glucose Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Tracer. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2018; 2018:8751267. [PMID: 30116165 PMCID: PMC6079607 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8751267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background High-fat diet (HFD) induces systemic insulin resistance leading to myocardial dysfunction. We aim to characterize the early adaptations of myocardial glucose utility to HFD-induced insulin resistance. Methods Male Sprague–Dawley rats were assigned into two groups, fed a regular chow diet or HFD ad libitum for 10 weeks. We used in vivo imaging of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), 18F-FDG PET, and ex vivo nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomic analysis for the carbon-13-labeled glucose ([U-13C]Glc) perfused myocardium. Results As compared with controls, HFD rats had a higher ejection fraction and a smaller left ventricular end-systolic volume (P < 0.05), with SUVmax of myocardium on 18F-FDG PET significantly increased in 4 weeks (P < 0.005). The [U-13C]Glc probed the increased glucose uptake being metabolized into pyruvate and acetyl-CoA, undergoing oxidative phosphorylation via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and then synthesized into glutamic acid and glutamine, associated with overexpressed LC3B (P < 0.05). Conclusions HFD-induced IR associated with increased glucose utility undergoing oxidative phosphorylation via the TCA cycle in the myocardium is supported by overexpression of glucose transporter, acetyl-CoA synthase. Noninvasive imaging biomarker has potentials in detecting the metabolic perturbations prior to the decline of the left ventricular function.
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Lu X, Zhou D, Hou B, Liu QX, Chen Q, Deng XF, Yu ZB, Dai JG, Zheng H. Dichloroacetate enhances the antitumor efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents via inhibiting autophagy in non-small-cell lung cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:1231-1241. [PMID: 29844702 PMCID: PMC5962308 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s156530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chemotherapy is still the primary adjuvant strategy of cancer therapy; however, the emergence of multi-drug resistance has been a cause for concern. Autophagy has been demonstrated to have a protective role against chemotherapeutic drugs in cancer cells, and autophagy inhibition is generally considered to be a promising therapeutic strategy. However, the paucity of effective and specific autophagy inhibitors limits its application. Purpose The objective of this study was to explore the effect of DCA, small molecular anti-tumor agent, on the autophagy regulation and chemosensitization in NSCLC cells. Methods We investigated the autophagy regulation of dichloroacetate (DCA) by laser confocal microscopy and western blotting in A549 and H1975 cell lines. The MTT assay and flow cytometry was performed for explore the chemosensitization effectiveness of DCA. The results were verified with subcutaneous tumor model in nude mice and the immunohistochemistry was applied for assessing the level of cell apoptosis and autophagy in vivo post treatment. Results We found that DCA, which exhibited antitumor properties in various carcinoma models, induced apoptosis of non-small cell lung cancer cells (NSCLC) by inhibiting cancer cell autophagy. Furthermore, Perifosine, an AKT inhibitor, can greatly weaken the capacity of inducing apoptosis by DCA. The results indicate that the AKT-mTOR pathway, a main negative regulator of autophagy, is involved in the DCA-induced inhibition of autophagy. Then, we detected the effectiveness of autophagy inhibition by DCA. When used in co-treatment with the chemotherapeutic drug paclitaxel (PTX), DCA markedly decreased cell autophagy, enhanced apoptosis and inhibited proliferation in A549 and H1975 cells. The results of the xenograft experiment demonstrate that co-treatment of PTX and DCA can significantly decrease cell proliferation in vivo and prolong the survival of mice. Conclusion Our results suggest that DCA can inhibit cell autophagy induced by chemotherapeutics, providing a new avenue for cancer chemotherapy sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Hou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan-Xing Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Chen
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Feng Deng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, First People's Hospital of Zunyi, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zu-Bin Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Gang Dai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Superior anti-tumor efficacy of diisopropylamine dichloroacetate compared with dichloroacetate in a subcutaneous transplantation breast tumor model. Oncotarget 2018; 7:65721-65731. [PMID: 27582548 PMCID: PMC5323187 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dichloroacetate (DCA), an inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, has anti-tumor properties in various carcinoma models. Diisopropylamine dichloroacetate (DADA), an over-the-counter drug for chronic liver disease, is a derivative of DCA. To date, few studies have evaluated the anticancer potential of DADA in breast cancer. In this study, MDA-MB-231 cells, a breast adenocarcinoma cell line, were used in in vitro and in vivo experiments to evaluate the anti-tumor efficacy of DADA and DCA. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of DADA (7.1 ± 1.1 mmol/L) against MDA-MB-231 cells was significantly lower than that of DCA (15.6 ± 2.0 mmol/L); 100 mg/kg (0.0004 mol/kg) DADA was better than 100 mg/kg (0.0008 mol/kg) DCA at suppressing the growth of subcutaneous transplantation breast tumor at the same dose after 24 days intervention. Histological examination showed that both DCA and DADA interventions led to necrosis, inflammation, and fibrosis of tumor tissue in a mouse subcutaneous transplantation breast tumor model. DADA treatment inhibited Ki67 expression in tumor tissue. In vitro experiments showed that DADA could inhibit lactic acid production and glucose uptake in MDA-MB-231 cells at 10 mmol/L and these effects were stronger than DCA. DADA administration also induced complete autophagy during early treatment stages and incomplete autophagy and cell death at later treatment stages. In conclusion, DADA showed better anti-tumor efficacy than DCA in a breast cancer model.
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Yu L, Chen X, Wang L, Chen S. The sweet trap in tumors: aerobic glycolysis and potential targets for therapy. Oncotarget 2018; 7:38908-38926. [PMID: 26918353 PMCID: PMC5122440 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic change is one of the hallmarks of tumor, which has recently attracted a great of attention. One of main metabolic characteristics of tumor cells is the high level of glycolysis even in the presence of oxygen, known as aerobic glycolysis or the Warburg effect. The energy production is much less in glycolysis pathway than that in tricarboxylic acid cycle. The molecular mechanism of a high glycolytic flux in tumor cells remains unclear. A large amount of intermediates derived from glycolytic pathway could meet the biosynthetic requirements of the proliferating cells. Hypoxia-induced HIF-1α, PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway, and many other factors, such as oncogene activation and tumor suppressor inactivation, drive cancer cells to favor glycolysis over mitochondrial oxidation. Several small molecules targeting glycolytic pathway exhibit promising anticancer activity both in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we will focus on the latest progress in the regulation of aerobic glycolysis and discuss the potential targets for the tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xun Chen
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Liantang Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shangwu Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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Abstract
Molecular imaging (mainly PET and MR imaging) has played important roles in gynecologic oncology. Emerging MR-based technologies, including DWI, CEST, DCE-MR imaging, MRS, and DNP, as well as FDG-PET and many novel PET radiotracers, will continuously improve practices. In combination with radiomics analysis, a new era of decision making in personalized medicine and precisely guided radiation treatment planning or real-time surgical interventions is being entered into, which will directly impact on patient survival. Prospective trials with well-defined endpoints are encouraged to evaluate the multiple facets of these emerging imaging tools in the management of gynecologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gigin Lin
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 5 Fu-Shin Street, Kueishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chyong-Huey Lai
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 5 Fu-Shin Street, Kueishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Tzu-Chen Yen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 5 Fu-Shin Street, Kueishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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Early Response Monitoring Following Radiation Therapy by Using [ 18F]FDG and [ 11C]Acetate PET in Prostate Cancer Xenograft Model with Metabolomics Corroboration. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22111946. [PMID: 29125557 PMCID: PMC6150287 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We aim to characterize the metabolic changes associated with early response to radiation therapy in a prostate cancer mouse model by 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose ([18F]FDG) and [11C]acetate ([11C]ACT) positron emission tomography, with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics corroboration. [18F]FDG and [11C]ACT PET were performed before and following irradiation (RT, 15Gy) for transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate xenografts. The underlying metabolomics alterations of tumor tissues were analyzed by using ex vivo NMR. The [18F]FDG total lesion glucose (TLG) of the tumor significant increased in the RT group at Days 1 and 3 post-irradiation, compared with the non-RT group (p < 0.05). The [11C]ACT maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) in RT (0.83 ± 0.02) and non-RT groups (0.85 ± 0.07) were not significantly different (p > 0.05). The ex vivo NMR analysis showed a 1.70-fold increase in glucose and a 1.2-fold increase in acetate in the RT group at Day 3 post-irradiation (p < 0.05). Concordantly, the expressions of cytoplasmic acetyl-CoA synthetase in the irradiated tumors was overexpressed at Day 3 post-irradiation (p < 0.05). Therefore, TLG of [18F]FDG in vivo PET images can map early treatment response following irradiation and be a promising prognostic indicator in a longitudinal preclinical study. The underlying metabolic alterations was not reflected by the [11C]ACT PET.
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Jia HY, Wang HN, Xia FY, Sun Y, Liu HL, Yan LL, Li SS, Jiang DC, Xu MM. Dichloroacetate induces protective autophagy in esophageal squamous carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:2765-2770. [PMID: 28928817 PMCID: PMC5588168 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Dichloroacetate (DCA) is an inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, which promotes the flux of carbohydrates into mitochondria and enhances the aerobic oxidation of glucose. DCA has previously been demonstrated to exhibit antitumor properties. The present study revealed that treatment with DCA induced increased levels of autophagy-associated proteins in esophageal squamous carcinoma cells while minimally affecting apoptosis. The present study examined the localization of light chain (LC)-3 by adenovirus infection with a green fluorescent protein (FP)-red FP-LC3 reporter construction and confirmed that DCA treatment induced significant autophagy. Furthermore, the inhibition of DCA-induced autophagy facilitated cell apoptosis and improved the drug sensitivity of esophageal squamous carcinoma cells to DCA and 5-FU (5-fluorouracil). The proliferation of TE-1 cells was markedly inhibited at low concentrations of DCA and 5-FU treatment when subjected to Atg5 mRNA interference, indicating that autophagy performed a protective role in cell survival upon DCA treatment. To determine the underlying mechanism of DCA-induced autophagy, the present study measured alterations in autophagy-associated signaling pathways. Notably, the protein kinase B (Akt)-mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, an important negative regulator of autophagy, was demonstrated to be suppressed by DCA treatment. These results may direct the development of novel strategies for the treatment of esophageal squamous carcinoma based on the combined use of DCA and autophagy inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yu Jia
- Department of Digestive Internal Medicine, First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066000, P.R. China
| | - He-Nan Wang
- Department of Digestive Internal Medicine, First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066000, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Yu Xia
- Department of Digestive Internal Medicine, First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066000, P.R. China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Digestive Internal Medicine, First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066000, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Li Liu
- Department of Digestive Internal Medicine, First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066000, P.R. China
| | - Li-Li Yan
- Department of Digestive Internal Medicine, First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066000, P.R. China
| | - Shan-Shan Li
- Department of Digestive Internal Medicine, First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066000, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Chun Jiang
- Department of Digestive Internal Medicine, First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066000, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Mei Xu
- Department of Digestive Internal Medicine, First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066000, P.R. China
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Sun L, Moritake T, Ito K, Matsumoto Y, Yasui H, Nakagawa H, Hirayama A, Inanami O, Tsuboi K. Metabolic analysis of radioresistant medulloblastoma stem-like clones and potential therapeutic targets. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176162. [PMID: 28426747 PMCID: PMC5398704 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is a fatal brain tumor in children, primarily due to the presence of treatment-resistant medulloblastoma stem cells. The energy metabolic pathway is a potential target of cancer therapy because it is often different between cancer cells and normal cells. However, the metabolic properties of medulloblastoma stem cells, and whether specific metabolic pathways are essential for sustaining their stem cell-like phenotype and radioresistance, remain unclear. We have established radioresistant medulloblastoma stem-like clones (rMSLCs) by irradiation of the human medulloblastoma cell line ONS-76. Here, we assessed reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondria function, oxygen consumption rate (OCR), energy state, and metabolites of glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle in rMSLCs and parental cells. rMSLCs showed higher lactate production and lower oxygen consumption rate than parental cells. Additionally, rMSLCs had low mitochondria mass, low endogenous ROS production, and existed in a low-energy state. Treatment with the metabolic modifier dichloroacetate (DCA) resulted in mitochondria dysfunction, glycolysis inhibition, elongated mitochondria morphology, and increased ROS production. DCA also increased radiosensitivity by suppression of the DNA repair capacity through nuclear oxidization and accelerated the generation of acetyl CoA to compensate for the lack of ATP. Moreover, treatment with DCA decreased cancer stem cell-like characters (e.g., CD133 positivity and sphere-forming ability) in rMSLCs. Together, our findings provide insights into the specific metabolism of rMSLCs and illuminate potential metabolic targets that might be exploited for therapeutic benefit in medulloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lue Sun
- Department of Radiological Health Science, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Moritake
- Department of Radiological Health Science, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kazuya Ito
- Department of Radiobiology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Matsumoto
- Proton Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hironobu Yasui
- Central Institute of Isotope Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Aki Hirayama
- Center for Integrative Medicine, Tsukuba University of Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Osamu Inanami
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Department of Applied Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Koji Tsuboi
- Proton Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Galadari S, Rahman A, Pallichankandy S, Thayyullathil F. Reactive oxygen species and cancer paradox: To promote or to suppress? Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 104:144-164. [PMID: 28088622 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 606] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), a group of highly reactive ions and molecules, are increasingly being appreciated as powerful signaling molecules involved in the regulation of a variety of biological processes. Indeed, their role is continuously being delineated in a variety of pathophysiological conditions. For instance, cancer cells are shown to have increased ROS levels in comparison to their normal counterparts. This is partly due to an enhanced metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction in cancer cells. The escalated ROS generation in cancer cells contributes to the biochemical and molecular changes necessary for the tumor initiation, promotion and progression, as well as, tumor resistance to chemotherapy. Therefore, increased ROS in cancer cells may provide a unique opportunity to eliminate cancer cells via elevating ROS to highly toxic levels intracellularly, thereby, activating various ROS-induced cell death pathways, or inhibiting cancer cell resistance to chemotherapy. Such results can be achieved by using agents that either increase ROS generation, or inhibit antioxidant defense, or even a combination of both. In fact, a large variety of anticancer drugs, and some of those currently under clinical trials, effectively kill cancer cells and overcome drug resistance via enhancing ROS generation and/or impeding the antioxidant defense mechanism. This review focuses on our current understanding of the tumor promoting (tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis, and chemoresistance) and the tumor suppressive (apoptosis, autophagy, and necroptosis) functions of ROS, and highlights the potential mechanism(s) involved. It also sheds light on a very novel and an actively growing field of ROS-dependent cell death mechanism referred to as ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehamuddin Galadari
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE; Al Jalila Foundation Research Centre, P.O. Box 300100, Dubai, UAE.
| | - Anees Rahman
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
| | - Siraj Pallichankandy
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
| | - Faisal Thayyullathil
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
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Heat stress–induced autophagy promotes lactate secretion in cultured immature boar Sertoli cells by inhibiting apoptosis and driving SLC2A3 , LDHA , and SLC16A1 expression. Theriogenology 2017; 87:339-348. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Usman M, Arjmand F, Khan RA, Alsalme A, Ahmad M, Tabassum S. Biological evaluation of dinuclear copper complex/dichloroacetic acid cocrystal against human breast cancer: design, synthesis, characterization, DFT studies and cytotoxicity assays. RSC Adv 2017; 7:47920-47932. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra08262b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Binuclear copper(ii) cocrystal “[Cu2(valdien)2⋯2Cl2CHCOOH],” 1 was synthesized from H2valdien scaffold and anticancer drug pharmacophore “dichloroacetic acid” embedded with two Cu(ii) connected via a hydrogen bonded network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Usman
- Department of Chemistry
- Aligarh Muslim University
- Aligarh-202002
- India
| | - Farukh Arjmand
- Department of Chemistry
- Aligarh Muslim University
- Aligarh-202002
- India
| | - Rais Ahmad Khan
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alsalme
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Musheer Ahmad
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Aligarh Muslim University
- Aligarh-202002
- India
| | - Sartaj Tabassum
- Department of Chemistry
- Aligarh Muslim University
- Aligarh-202002
- India
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Feng S, Jin Y, Cui M, Zheng J. Lysine-Specific Demethylase 1 (LSD1) Inhibitor S2101 Induces Autophagy via the AKT/mTOR Pathway in SKOV3 Ovarian Cancer Cells. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:4742-4748. [PMID: 27914215 PMCID: PMC5142589 DOI: 10.12659/msm.898825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background S2101 is one of the most potent LSD1 inhibitors, which can inhibit ovarian cancer cells viability. This study aimed to detect the mechanism behind the anticancer properties of S2101 in SKOV3 ovarian cells. Material/Methods Cell viability was tested by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Cellular apoptosis and autophagy were evaluated by flow cytometric analysis using Annexin-V/PI staining methods and Green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fused-LC3 (GFP-LC3), respectively. Western blotting was performed for analyzing the Bax, Bcl-2, mTOR, p-mTOR, p62, LC3-I, LC3-II, AKT, and p-AKT protein expression. Results Our results show that the proportion of early apoptotic and late apoptotic cells increased significantly for cells treated with S2101 at a concentration of 100 μM for 48 h. Treatment of S2101 in SKOV3 cells resulted in upregulation of Bax and downregulation of Bcl-2 in a time-dependent manner, indicating that S2101 can induce apoptosis in SKOV3. There was a downward trend in the expression of p62 when the SKOV3cells were treated with 100 μm S2101 for 12 h, 24 h and 48 h. The conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II was increased significantly at 24 h and 48 h. Autophagy was induced by S2101 in SKOV3 cells, evidenced by an increase in punctuate localization of GFP-LC3 and a change in expression of autophagy-related proteins. Conclusions S2101 treatment decreased the levels of phosphorylated AKT and mTOR. S2101 inhibits SKOV3 cells viability and induces apoptosis and autophagy. The AKT/mTOR signaling pathway was found to be affected by S2101.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Ye Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Mengjiao Cui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Jianhua Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
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Chung YL, Leach MO, Eykyn TR. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy to Study Glycolytic Metabolism During Autophagy. Methods Enzymol 2016; 588:133-153. [PMID: 28237097 PMCID: PMC6175046 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2016.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells undergoing starvation- and treatment-induced autophagy were found to exhibit reduced intracellular lactate, reduced rates of steady-state lactate excretion and reduced real-time pyruvate-lactate exchange rates, indicating that glycolytic metabolism was altered in autophagic cells. In this chapter, we describe the technical details of the use of 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to measure endogenous cellular concentrations of lactate and glucose in autophagic cells and tissues, how to measure the rate of steady-state lactate excretion and glucose uptake by 1H-MRS in autophagic cells, and details of the real-time measurement of [1-13C] pyruvate to lactate exchange in autophagic cells by 13C-MRS-DNP (dynamic nuclear polarization).
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-L Chung
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.
| | - M O Leach
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - T R Eykyn
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Makita N, Ishiguro J, Suzuki K, Nara F. Dichloroacetate induces regulatory T-cell differentiation and suppresses Th17-cell differentiation by pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-independent mechanism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 69:43-51. [PMID: 27757958 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recently, there has been a growing interest in the mechanism of action of dichloroacetate (DCA) for T-cell differentiation; however, this mechanism has not been elucidated in detail. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the mechanism of action of DCA for Treg and Th17 differentiation with pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDHK) inhibitor (AZD7545) and PDHK knockdown. METHODS Inhibitory activity of DCA and AZD7545 against recombinant PDHK and intracellular PDH phosphorylation was measured. The effects of DCA and AZD7545 on T-cell differentiation were assessed by analysing Foxp3+ T-cell populations for Treg differentiation and IL-17A production for Th17 differentiation. For reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, DCFDA was used as an indicator. KEY FINDINGS Dichloroacetate and AZD7545 inhibited PDHK activity of recombinant PDHK and intracellular PDH phosphorylation. DCA was capable of inducing Treg differentiation and suppressing Th17 differentiation. The effects of DCA were independent of PDHK because neither AZD7545 nor knockdown of PDHK1 or PDHK3 affected T-cell differentiation. DCA was determined to be capable of inducing ROS production, and the effects of DCA on T-cell differentiation were shown to be dependent on ROS production. CONCLUSIONS Dichloroacetate possesses Treg induction and Th17 suppression, which is independent of PDHK and dependent on ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Makita
- Group III Biologics & Immuno-Oncology Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Ishiguro
- Group III Biologics & Immuno-Oncology Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Suzuki
- Group III Pain & Neuroscience Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Futoshi Nara
- Group III Biologics & Immuno-Oncology Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
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Gil J, Pesz KA, Sąsiadek MM. May autophagy be a novel biomarker and antitumor target in colorectal cancer? Biomark Med 2016; 10:1081-1094. [PMID: 27626110 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2016-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a catabolic process associated with intracellular self-digestion of damaged organelles or redundant proteins enabling maintenance of cell homeostasis. It is accepted that impaired autophagy is closely linked to cancer development and has been extensively studied in a variety of malignancies including colorectal cancer (CRC) to elucidate its influence on carcinogenesis, metastasis and antitumor therapy response. CRC remains a great epidemiological problem because of poor 5-year survival and treatment resistance. Many studies concerning autophagy in CRC gave inconsistent and contradictory results, illustrating a multifaceted nature of this process. In this review, we focus on current knowledge of autophagy in CRC development to determinate its role as a potential prognostic and predictive biomarker as well as target in antitumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Gil
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Karolina A Pesz
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maria M Sąsiadek
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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44
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Bell H, Parkin E. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase inhibition: Reversing the Warburg effect in cancer therapy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER THERAPY AND ONCOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.14319/ijcto.42.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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45
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Pro-haloacetate Nanoparticles for Efficient Cancer Therapy via Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase Modulation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28196. [PMID: 27323896 PMCID: PMC4914936 DOI: 10.1038/srep28196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Anticancer agents based on haloacetic acids are developed for inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK), an enzyme responsible for reversing the suppression of mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. Through molecular docking studies mono- and dihaloacetates are identified as potent PDK2 binders and matched their efficiency with dichloroacetic acid. In silico screening directed their conversion to phospholipid prodrugs, which were subsequently self-assembled to pro-haloacetate nanoparticles. Following a thorough physico-chemical characterization, the functional activity of these novel agents was established in wide ranges of human cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo in rodents. Results indicated that the newly explored PDK modulators can act as efficient agent for cancer regression. A Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) assay mechanistically confirmed that these agents trigger their activity through the mitochondria-dependent apoptosis.
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46
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Viswanath P, Najac C, Izquierdo-Garcia JL, Pankov A, Hong C, Eriksson P, Costello JF, Pieper RO, Ronen SM. Mutant IDH1 expression is associated with down-regulation of monocarboxylate transporters. Oncotarget 2016; 7:34942-55. [PMID: 27144334 PMCID: PMC5085201 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) are characteristic of low-grade gliomas. We recently showed that mutant IDH1 cells reprogram cellular metabolism by down-regulating pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity. Reduced pyruvate metabolism via PDH could lead to increased pyruvate conversion to lactate. The goal of this study was therefore to investigate the impact of the IDH1 mutation on the pyruvate-to-lactate flux. We used 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy and compared the conversion of hyperpolarized [1-13C]-pyruvate to [1-13C]-lactate in immortalized normal human astrocytes expressing mutant or wild-type IDH1 (NHAIDHmut and NHAIDHwt). Our results indicate that hyperpolarized lactate production is reduced in NHAIDHmut cells compared to NHAIDHwt. This reduction was associated with lower expression of the monocarboxylate transporters MCT1 and MCT4 in NHAIDHmut cells. Furthermore, hyperpolarized lactate production was comparable in lysates of NHAIDHmut and NHAIDHwt cells, wherein MCTs do not impact hyperpolarized pyruvate delivery and lactate production. Collectively, our findings indicated that lower MCT expression was a key contributor to lower hyperpolarized lactate production in NHAIDHmut cells. The SLC16A3 (MCT4) promoter but not SLC16A1 (MCT1) promoter was hypermethylated in NHAIDHmut cells, pointing to possibly different mechanisms mediating reduced MCT expression. Finally analysis of low-grade glioma patient biopsy data from The Cancer Genome Atlas revealed that MCT1 and MCT4 expression was significantly reduced in mutant IDH1 tumors compared to wild-type. Taken together, our study shows that reduced MCT expression is part of the metabolic reprogramming of mutant IDH1 gliomas. This finding could impact treatment and has important implications for metabolic imaging of mutant IDH1 gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavithra Viswanath
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Chloe Najac
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jose L Izquierdo-Garcia
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Aleksandr Pankov
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Helen Diller Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Chibo Hong
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Helen Diller Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Pia Eriksson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Joseph F Costello
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Helen Diller Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Russell O Pieper
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Helen Diller Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Sabrina M Ronen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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47
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Zajac J, Kostrhunova H, Novohradsky V, Vrana O, Raveendran R, Gibson D, Kasparkova J, Brabec V. Potentiation of mitochondrial dysfunction in tumor cells by conjugates of metabolic modulator dichloroacetate with a Pt(IV) derivative of oxaliplatin. J Inorg Biochem 2015; 156:89-97. [PMID: 26780576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The molecular and cellular mechanisms of enhanced toxic effects in tumor cells of the Pt(IV) derivatives of antitumor oxaliplatin containing axial dichloroacetate (DCA) ligands were investigated. DCA ligands were chosen because DCA has shown great potential as an apoptosis sensitizer and anticancer agent reverting the Wartburg effect. In addition, DCA reverses mitochondrial changes in a wide range of cancers, promoting tumor cell apoptosis in a mitochondrial-dependent pathway. We demonstrate that (i) the transformation of oxaliplatin to its Pt(IV) derivatives containing axial DCA ligands markedly enhances toxicity in cancer cells and helps overcome inherent and acquired resistance to cisplatin and oxaliplatin; (ii) a significant fraction of the intact molecules of DCA conjugates with Pt(IV) derivative of oxaliplatin accumulates in cancer cells where it releases free DCA; (iii) mechanism of biological action of the Pt(IV) derivatives of oxaliplatin containing DCA ligands is connected with the effects of DCA released in cancer cells from the Pt(IV) prodrugs on mitochondria and metabolism of glucose; (iv) treatments with the Pt(IV) derivatives of oxaliplatin containing DCA ligands activate an autophagic response in human colorectal cancer cells; (v) the toxic effects in cancer cells of the Pt(IV) derivatives of oxaliplatin containing DCA ligands can be potentiated if cells are treated with these prodrugs in combination with 5-fluorouracil. These properties of the Pt(IV) derivatives of oxaliplatin containing DCA ligands provide opportunities for further development of new platinum-based agents with the capability of killing cancer cells resistant to conventional antitumor platinum drugs used in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Zajac
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 12, CZ-77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Kostrhunova
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Novohradsky
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Oldrich Vrana
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Raji Raveendran
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Dan Gibson
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Jana Kasparkova
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 12, CZ-77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Brabec
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic.
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48
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Trapella C, Voltan R, Melloni E, Tisato V, Celeghini C, Bianco S, Fantinati A, Salvadori S, Guerrini R, Secchiero P, Zauli G. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Characterization of Novel Mitochondria Targeted Dichloroacetate-Loaded Compounds with Antileukemic Activity. J Med Chem 2015; 59:147-56. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Trapella
- Department
of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Rebecca Voltan
- Department
of Morphology, Surgery, Experimental Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Melloni
- Department
of Morphology, Surgery, Experimental Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Veronica Tisato
- Department
of Morphology, Surgery, Experimental Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Claudio Celeghini
- Department
of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34128 Trieste, Italy
| | - Sara Bianco
- Department
of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Anna Fantinati
- Department
of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Severo Salvadori
- Department
of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Remo Guerrini
- Department
of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paola Secchiero
- Department
of Morphology, Surgery, Experimental Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giorgio Zauli
- Institute for
Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Via dell’Istria 65/1, 34137 Trieste, Italy
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Lyakhovich A, Lleonart ME. Bypassing Mechanisms of Mitochondria-Mediated Cancer Stem Cells Resistance to Chemo- and Radiotherapy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:1716341. [PMID: 26697128 PMCID: PMC4677234 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1716341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are highly resistant to conventional chemo- and radiotherapeutic regimes. Therefore, the multiple drug resistance (MDR) of cancer is most likely due to the resistance of CSCs. Such resistance can be attributed to some bypassing pathways including detoxification mechanisms of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RO/NS) formation or enhanced autophagy. Unlike in normal cells, where RO/NS concentration is maintained at certain threshold required for signal transduction or immune response mechanisms, CSCs may develop alternative pathways to diminish RO/NS levels leading to cancer survival. In this minireview, we will focus on elaborated mechanisms developed by CSCs to attenuate high RO/NS levels. Gaining a better insight into the mechanisms of stem cell resistance to chemo- or radiotherapy may lead to new therapeutic targets thus serving for better anticancer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Lyakhovich
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A7, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Matilde E. Lleonart
- Oncology and Pathology Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
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50
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Lee M, Yoon JH. Metabolic interplay between glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidation: The reverse Warburg effect and its therapeutic implication. World J Biol Chem 2015; 6:148-61. [PMID: 26322173 PMCID: PMC4549759 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v6.i3.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aerobic glycolysis, i.e., the Warburg effect, may contribute to the aggressive phenotype of hepatocellular carcinoma. However, increasing evidence highlights the limitations of the Warburg effect, such as high mitochondrial respiration and low glycolysis rates in cancer cells. To explain such contradictory phenomena with regard to the Warburg effect, a metabolic interplay between glycolytic and oxidative cells was proposed, i.e., the "reverse Warburg effect". Aerobic glycolysis may also occur in the stromal compartment that surrounds the tumor; thus, the stromal cells feed the cancer cells with lactate and this interaction prevents the creation of an acidic condition in the tumor microenvironment. This concept provides great heterogeneity in tumors, which makes the disease difficult to cure using a single agent. Understanding metabolic flexibility by lactate shuttles offers new perspectives to develop treatments that target the hypoxic tumor microenvironment and overcome the limitations of glycolytic inhibitors.
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