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Detassis S, Precazzini F, Grasso M, Del Vescovo V, Maines F, Caffo O, Campomenosi P, Denti MA. Plasma microRNA Signature as Companion Diagnostic for Abiraterone Acetate Treatment in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Pilot Study. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5573. [PMID: 38891761 PMCID: PMC11171781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Abiraterone acetate (AA) serves as a medication for managing persistent testosterone production in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, its efficacy varies among individuals; thus, the identification of biomarkers to predict and follow treatment response is required. In this pilot study, we explored the potential of circulating microRNAs (c-miRNAs) to stratify patients based on their responsiveness to AA. We conducted an analysis of plasma samples obtained from a cohort of 33 mCRPC patients before and after three, six, and nine months of AA treatment. Using miRNA RT-qPCR panels for candidate discovery and TaqMan RT-qPCR for validation, we identified promising miRNA signatures. Our investigation indicated that a signature based on miR-103a-3p and miR-378a-5p effectively discriminates between non-responder and responder patients, while also following the drug's efficacy over time. Additionally, through in silico analysis, we identified target genes and transcription factors of the two miRNAs, including PTEN and HOXB13, which are known to play roles in AA resistance in mCRPC. In summary, our study highlights two c-miRNAs as potential companion diagnostics of AA in mCRPC patients, offering novel insights for informed decision-making in the treatment of mCRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Detassis
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, TN, Italy; (S.D.)
- OPTOI Srl, Via Vienna 8, 38100 Trento, TN, Italy
| | - Francesca Precazzini
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, TN, Italy; (S.D.)
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Delle Venezie, Sezione di Bolzano, Via Laura Conti 4, 39100 Bolzano, BZ, Italy
| | - Margherita Grasso
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, TN, Italy; (S.D.)
- L.N.Age Srl-Link Neuroscience and Healthcare, Via Mario Savini 15, 00136 Roma, RO, Italy
| | - Valerio Del Vescovo
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, TN, Italy; (S.D.)
- Kapadi Italy Srl, Corso Italia 22, 20122 Milano, MI, Italy
| | - Francesca Maines
- Division of Oncology, Santa Chiara Hospital, Largo Medaglie D’oro 9, 38122 Trento, TN, Italy
| | - Orazio Caffo
- Division of Oncology, Santa Chiara Hospital, Largo Medaglie D’oro 9, 38122 Trento, TN, Italy
| | - Paola Campomenosi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, VA, Italy
| | - Michela A. Denti
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, TN, Italy; (S.D.)
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Maekawa S, Takata R, Obara W. Molecular Mechanisms of Prostate Cancer Development in the Precision Medicine Era: A Comprehensive Review. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:523. [PMID: 38339274 PMCID: PMC10854717 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The progression of prostate cancer (PCa) relies on the activation of the androgen receptor (AR) by androgens. Despite efforts to block this pathway through androgen deprivation therapy, resistance can occur through several mechanisms, including the abnormal activation of AR, resulting in castration-resistant PCa following the introduction of treatment. Mutations, amplifications, and splicing variants in AR-related genes have garnered attention in this regard. Furthermore, recent large-scale next-generation sequencing analysis has revealed the critical roles of AR and AR-related genes, as well as the DNA repair, PI3K, and cell cycle pathways, in the onset and progression of PCa. Moreover, research on epigenomics and microRNA has increasingly become popular; however, it has not translated into the development of effective therapeutic strategies. Additionally, treatments targeting homologous recombination repair mutations and the PI3K/Akt pathway have been developed and are increasingly accessible, and multiple clinical trials have investigated the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. In this comprehensive review, we outline the status of PCa research in genomics and briefly explore potential future developments in the field of epigenetic modifications and microRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigekatsu Maekawa
- Department of Urology, Iwate Medical University, Iwate 028-3694, Japan; (R.T.); (W.O.)
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Gilyazova I, Ivanova E, Gupta H, Mustafin A, Ishemgulov R, Izmailov A, Gilyazova G, Pudova E, Pavlov V, Khusnutdinova E. miRNA Expression Patterns in Early- and Late-Stage Prostate Cancer Patients: High-Throughput Analysis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3073. [PMID: 38002073 PMCID: PMC10669269 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11113073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common types of cancer among men. To date, there have been no specific markers identified for the diagnosis and prognosis or response to treatment of this disease. Thus, there is an urgent need for promising markers, which may be fulfilled by small non-coding RNAs known as microRNAs (miRNAs). Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the miRNA profile in tissue samples obtained from patients with PCa using microarrays, followed by reverse transcriptase quantitative PCRs (RT-qPCRs). In the discovery phase, 754 miRNAs were screened in tissues obtained from patients (n = 46) with PCa in early and late stages. Expression levels of miRNA-324-3p, miRNA-429, miRNA-570, and miRNA-616 were found to be downregulated, and miRNA-423-5p expression was upregulated in patients with early-stage cancer compared to the late-stage ones. These five miRNAs were further validated in an independent cohort of samples (n = 39) collected from patients with PCa using RT-qPCR-based assays. MiRNA-324-3p, miRNA-429, miRNA-570, and miRNA-616 expression levels remained significantly downregulated in early-stage cancer tissues compared to late-stage tissues. Remarkably, for a combination of three miRNAs, PSA levels and Gleason scores were able to discriminate between patients with early-stage PCa and late-stage PCa, with an AUC of 95%, a sensitivity of 86%, and a specificity close to 94%. Thus, the data obtained in this study suggest a possible involvement of the identified miRNAs in the pathogenesis of PCa, and they may also have the potential to be developed into diagnostic and prognostic tools for PCa. However, further studies with a larger cohort are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Gilyazova
- Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, 450054 Ufa, Russia; (E.I.)
- Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Department of Medical Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia
| | - Elizaveta Ivanova
- Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, 450054 Ufa, Russia; (E.I.)
- Biology Department, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Himanshu Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Applied Sciences and Humanities, GLA University, Mathura 281406, India;
| | - Artur Mustafin
- Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Department of Medical Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia
| | - Ruslan Ishemgulov
- Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Department of Medical Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia
| | - Adel Izmailov
- Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Department of Medical Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia
| | - Gulshat Gilyazova
- Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Department of Medical Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia
| | - Elena Pudova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Valentin Pavlov
- Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Department of Medical Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia
| | - Elza Khusnutdinova
- Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, 450054 Ufa, Russia; (E.I.)
- Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Department of Medical Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia
- Biology Department, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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4
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Ivanov YD, Malsagova KA, Goldaeva KV, Kapustina SI, Pleshakova TO, Popov VP, Kozlov AF, Galiullin RA, Shumov ID, Enikeev DV, Potoldykova NV, Ziborov VS, Petrov OF, Dolgoborodov AY, Glukhov AV, Novikov SV, Grabezhova VK, Yushkov ES, Konev VA, Kovalev OB, Archakov AI. Nanoribbon Biosensor-Based Detection of microRNA Markers of Prostate Cancer. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:7527. [PMID: 37687982 PMCID: PMC10490786 DOI: 10.3390/s23177527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the major causes of death among elderly men. PC is often diagnosed later in progression due to asymptomatic early stages. Early detection of PC is thus crucial for effective PC treatment. The aim of this study is the simultaneous highly sensitive detection of a palette of PC-associated microRNAs (miRNAs) in human plasma samples. With this aim, a nanoribbon biosensor system based on "silicon-on-insulator" structures (SOI-NR biosensor) has been employed. In order to provide biospecific detection of the target miRNAs, the surface of individual nanoribbons has been sensitized with DNA oligonucleotide probes (oDNA probes) complementary to the target miRNAs. The lowest concentration of nucleic acids, detectable with our biosensor, has been found to be 1.1 × 10-17 M. The successful detection of target miRNAs, isolated from real plasma samples of PC patients, has also been demonstrated. We believe that the development of highly sensitive nanotechnology-based biosensors for the detection of PC markers is a step towards personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri D. Ivanov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry (IBMC), 119121 Moscow, Russia; (Y.D.I.); (K.A.M.); (S.I.K.); (T.O.P.); (A.F.K.); (R.A.G.); (I.D.S.); (A.I.A.)
| | - Kristina A. Malsagova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry (IBMC), 119121 Moscow, Russia; (Y.D.I.); (K.A.M.); (S.I.K.); (T.O.P.); (A.F.K.); (R.A.G.); (I.D.S.); (A.I.A.)
| | - Kristina V. Goldaeva
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry (IBMC), 119121 Moscow, Russia; (Y.D.I.); (K.A.M.); (S.I.K.); (T.O.P.); (A.F.K.); (R.A.G.); (I.D.S.); (A.I.A.)
| | - Svetlana I. Kapustina
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry (IBMC), 119121 Moscow, Russia; (Y.D.I.); (K.A.M.); (S.I.K.); (T.O.P.); (A.F.K.); (R.A.G.); (I.D.S.); (A.I.A.)
| | - Tatyana O. Pleshakova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry (IBMC), 119121 Moscow, Russia; (Y.D.I.); (K.A.M.); (S.I.K.); (T.O.P.); (A.F.K.); (R.A.G.); (I.D.S.); (A.I.A.)
| | - Vladimir P. Popov
- Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Andrey F. Kozlov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry (IBMC), 119121 Moscow, Russia; (Y.D.I.); (K.A.M.); (S.I.K.); (T.O.P.); (A.F.K.); (R.A.G.); (I.D.S.); (A.I.A.)
| | - Rafael A. Galiullin
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry (IBMC), 119121 Moscow, Russia; (Y.D.I.); (K.A.M.); (S.I.K.); (T.O.P.); (A.F.K.); (R.A.G.); (I.D.S.); (A.I.A.)
| | - Ivan D. Shumov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry (IBMC), 119121 Moscow, Russia; (Y.D.I.); (K.A.M.); (S.I.K.); (T.O.P.); (A.F.K.); (R.A.G.); (I.D.S.); (A.I.A.)
| | - Dmitry V. Enikeev
- Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (D.V.E.); (N.V.P.)
| | - Natalia V. Potoldykova
- Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (D.V.E.); (N.V.P.)
| | - Vadim S. Ziborov
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures of Russian Academy of Sciences, 125412 Moscow, Russia; (V.S.Z.); (O.F.P.); (A.Y.D.)
| | - Oleg F. Petrov
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures of Russian Academy of Sciences, 125412 Moscow, Russia; (V.S.Z.); (O.F.P.); (A.Y.D.)
| | - Alexander Y. Dolgoborodov
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures of Russian Academy of Sciences, 125412 Moscow, Russia; (V.S.Z.); (O.F.P.); (A.Y.D.)
| | - Alexander V. Glukhov
- JSC “Novosibirsk Plant of Semiconductor Devices with OKB”, 630082 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Sergey V. Novikov
- Associate Printing-and-Publication Centre Technosphera, 125319 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Victoria K. Grabezhova
- JSC “Design Center for Biomicroelectronic Technologies “Vega””, 630082 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Evgeniy S. Yushkov
- Department for Business Project Management, National Research Nuclear University “MEPhI”, 115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir A. Konev
- Department of Infectious Diseases in Children, Faculty of Pediatrics, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.K.); (O.B.K.)
| | - Oleg B. Kovalev
- Department of Infectious Diseases in Children, Faculty of Pediatrics, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.K.); (O.B.K.)
| | - Alexander I. Archakov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry (IBMC), 119121 Moscow, Russia; (Y.D.I.); (K.A.M.); (S.I.K.); (T.O.P.); (A.F.K.); (R.A.G.); (I.D.S.); (A.I.A.)
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5
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El-Daly SM, Gouhar SA, Abd Elmageed ZY. Circulating microRNAs as Reliable Tumor Biomarkers: Opportunities and Challenges Facing Clinical Application. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2023; 384:35-51. [PMID: 35809898 PMCID: PMC9827506 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.121.000896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the development of human malignancies, and cells have the ability to secrete these molecules into extracellular compartments. Thus, cell-free miRNAs (circulating miRNAs) can potentially be used as biomarkers to evaluate pathophysiological changes. Although circulating miRNAs have been proposed as potential noninvasive tumor biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and response to therapy, their routine application in the clinic is far from being achieved. This review focuses on the recent progress regarding the value of circulating miRNAs as noninvasive biomarkers, with specific consideration of their relevant clinical applications. In addition, we provide an in-depth analysis of the technical challenges that impact the assessment of circulating miRNAs. We also highlight the significance of integrating circulating miRNAs with the standard laboratory biomarkers to boost sensitivity and specificity. The current status of circulating miRNAs in clinical trials as tumor biomarkers is also covered. These insights and general guidelines will assist researchers in experimental practice to ensure quality standards and repeatability, thus improving future studies on circulating miRNAs. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Our review will boost the knowledge behind the inconsistencies and contradictory results observed among studies investigating circulating miRNAs. It will also provide a solid platform for better-planned strategies and standardized techniques to optimize the assessment of circulating cell-free miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherien M El-Daly
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Medicine and Clinical Studies Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt (S.M.E-D., S.A.G.); Cancer Biology and Genetics Laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt (S.M.E-D.); and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Discipline of Pharmacology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of Louisiana-Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana (Z.Y.A.)
| | - Shaimaa A Gouhar
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Medicine and Clinical Studies Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt (S.M.E-D., S.A.G.); Cancer Biology and Genetics Laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt (S.M.E-D.); and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Discipline of Pharmacology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of Louisiana-Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana (Z.Y.A.)
| | - Zakaria Y Abd Elmageed
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Medicine and Clinical Studies Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt (S.M.E-D., S.A.G.); Cancer Biology and Genetics Laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt (S.M.E-D.); and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Discipline of Pharmacology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of Louisiana-Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana (Z.Y.A.)
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6
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Alvarez-Cubero MJ, Arance E, de Santiago E, Sanchez P, Sepúlveda MR, Marrero R, Lorente JA, Gonzalez-Cabezuelo JM, Cuenca-Lopez S, Cozar JM, Vazquez-Alonso F, Martinez-Gonzalez LJ. Follow-Up Biomarkers in the Evolution of Prostate Cancer, Levels of S100A4 as a Detector in Plasma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010547. [PMID: 36613987 PMCID: PMC9820153 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The management and screening of prostate cancer (PC) is still the main problem in clinical practice. In this study, we investigated the role of aggressiveness genetic markers for PC stratification. We analyzed 201 plasma samples from PC patients and controls by digital PCR. For selection and validation, 26 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues, 12 fresh tissues, and 24 plasma samples were characterized by RNA-Seq, immunochemistry, immunofluorescence, Western blot, and extracellular-vesicles analyses. We identified three novel non-invasive biomarkers; all with an increased expression pattern in patients (PCA3: p = 0.002, S100A4: p ≤ 0.0001 and MRC2: p = 0.005). S100A4 presents the most informative AUC (area under the curve) (0.735). Combination of S100A4, MRC2, and PCA3 increases the discriminatory power between patients and controls and between different more and less aggressive stages (AUC = 0.761, p ≤ 0.0001). However, although a sensitivity of 97.47% in PCA3 and a specificity of 90.32% in S100A4 was reached, the detection signal level could be variable in some analyses owing to tumor heterogeneity. This is the first time that the role of S100A4 and MRC2 has been described in PC aggressiveness. Moreover, the combination of S100A4, MRC2, and PCA3 has never been described as a non-invasive biomarker for PC screening and aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jesus Alvarez-Cubero
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, Genomics Unit, PTS Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración 114, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment Group, Bio-Health Research Institute (Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA), Avenida de las Fuerzas Armadas 2, 18014 Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, PTS Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Elena Arance
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, Genomics Unit, PTS Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración 114, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Esperanza de Santiago
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, Genomics Unit, PTS Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración 114, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Pilar Sanchez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, PTS Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Maria Rosario Sepúlveda
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida de la Fuente Nueva S/N CP, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Raquel Marrero
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, Genomics Unit, PTS Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración 114, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Lorente
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, Genomics Unit, PTS Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración 114, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, PTS Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | | | - Sergio Cuenca-Lopez
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, Genomics Unit, PTS Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración 114, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, PTS Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Cozar
- Urology Department, Virgen de las Nieves Hospital, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | | | - Luis Javier Martinez-Gonzalez
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, Genomics Unit, PTS Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración 114, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-958-715-500 (ext. 108); Fax: +34-958-637-071
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Urabe F, Yamamoto Y, Kimura T. miRNAs in prostate cancer: Intercellular and extracellular communications. Int J Urol 2022; 29:1429-1438. [PMID: 36122303 DOI: 10.1111/iju.15043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most prevalent male cancer in Western Europe and North America. Although new drugs were recently approved, clinical challenges such as accurately predicting and screening drug-resistant prostate cancer remain. microRNAs are short noncoding RNA molecules that participate in gene regulation at the post-transcriptional level by targeting messenger RNAs. There is accumulating evidence that intracellular microRNAs play important roles as promoters or inhibitors of prostate cancer progression. Additionally, recent studies showed that microRNAs are encapsulated in extracellular vesicles and shuttled into the extracellular space. Transfer of extracellular microRNAs contributes to intercellular communication between prostate cancer cells and components of the tumor microenvironment, which can promote prostate cancer progression. Furthermore, due to their encapsulation in extracellular vesicles, extracellular microRNAs can be stably present in body fluids which contain high levels of RNase. Thus, circulating microRNAs have great potential as noninvasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for prostate cancer. Here, we summarize the roles of intracellular and extracellular microRNAs in prostate cancer progression and discuss the potential of microRNA-based therapeutics as a novel treatment strategy for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Urabe
- Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Integrative Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Integrative Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kimura
- Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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8
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Goto Y. Editorial Comment to miRNAs in prostate cancer: Intercellular and extracellular communications. Int J Urol 2022; 29:1438. [PMID: 36124637 DOI: 10.1111/iju.15058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Goto
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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9
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The Potential of MicroRNAs as Non-Invasive Prostate Cancer Biomarkers: A Systematic Literature Review Based on a Machine Learning Approach. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14215418. [PMID: 36358836 PMCID: PMC9657574 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer in men worldwide. Screening and diagnosis are based on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood testing and digital rectal examination. Nevertheless, these methods are not specific and have a high risk of mistaken results. This has led to overtreatment and unnecessary radical therapy; thus, better prognostic tools are urgently needed. In this view, microRNAs (miRs) appear as potential non-invasive biomarkers for PCa diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. As the scientific literature available in this field is huge and very often controversial, we identified and discussed three topics that characterize the investigated research area by combining the big data from the literature together with a novel machine learning approach. By analyzing the papers clustered into these topics we have offered a deeper understanding of the current research, which helps to contribute to the advancement of this research field. Abstract Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men. Although the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test is used in clinical practice for screening and/or early detection of PCa, it is not specific, thus resulting in high false-positive rates. MicroRNAs (miRs) provide an opportunity as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and recurrence of PCa. Because the size of the literature on it is increasing and often controversial, this study aims to consolidate the state-of-art of relevant published research. Methods: A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach was applied to analyze a set of 213 scientific publications through a text mining method that makes use of the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) algorithm. Results and Conclusions: The result of this activity, performed through the MySLR digital platform, allowed us to identify a set of three relevant topics characterizing the investigated research area. We analyzed and discussed all the papers clustered into them. We highlighted that several miRs are associated with PCa progression, and that their detection in patients’ urine seems to be the more reliable and promising non-invasive tool for PCa diagnosis. Finally, we proposed some future research directions to help future scientists advance the field further.
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Han X, Li B. The emerging role of noncoding RNAs in the Hedgehog signaling pathway in cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113581. [PMID: 36037783 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog (HH), a conserved signaling pathway, is involved in embryo development, organogenesis, and other biological functions. Dysregulation and abnormal activation of HH are involved in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. With the emergence of interest in noncoding RNAs, studies on their involvement in abnormal regulation of biological processes in tumors have been published one after another. In this review, we focus on the crosstalk between noncoding RNAs and the HH pathway in tumors and elaborate the mechanisms by which long noncoding RNAs and microRNAs regulate or are regulated by HH signaling in cancer. We also discuss the interaction between noncoding RNAs and the HH pathway from the perspective of cancer hallmarks, presenting this complex network as concisely as possible and organizing ideas for cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China. libo--
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11
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Constâncio V, Tavares NT, Henrique R, Jerónimo C, Lobo J. MiRNA biomarkers in cancers of the male reproductive system: are we approaching clinical application? Andrology 2022; 11:651-667. [PMID: 35930290 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Specific cancer types face specific clinical management challenges. Owing to their stability, robustness and fast, easy, and cost-effective detection, microRNAs (miRNAs) are attractive candidate biomarkers to the clinic. OBJECTIVES Based on a comprehensive review of the relevant literature in the field, we explore the potential of miRNAs as biomarkers to answer relevant clinical dilemmas inherent to cancers of the male reproductive tract (prostate (PCa), testis (TGCTs) and penis (PeCa)) and identify some of the challenges/limitations hampering their widely application. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION We conclude that the use of miRNAs as biomarkers is at different stages for these distinct cancer types. While for TGCTs, miRNA-371a-3p is universally accepted to fill in important clinicals gaps and is moving fast towards clinical implementation, for PCa almost no overlap of miRNAs exists between studies, denoting the absence of a consistent miRNA biomarker, and for PeCa the field of miRNAs has just recently started, with only a few studies attempting to explore their clinical usefulness. CONCLUSION Technological advances influencing miRNA detection and quantification will be instrumental to continue to move forward with implementation of miRNAs in the clinic as biomarkers for non-invasive diagnosis, risk stratification, treatment monitoring and follow-up. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Constâncio
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP) / RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, Porto, 4200-072, Portugal.,Doctoral Programme in Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto, 4050-513, Portugal
| | - Nuno Tiago Tavares
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP) / RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, Porto, 4200-072, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP) / RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, Porto, 4200-072, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, Porto, 4200-072, Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto, 4050-513, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP) / RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, Porto, 4200-072, Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto, 4050-513, Portugal
| | - João Lobo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP) / RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, Porto, 4200-072, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, Porto, 4200-072, Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto, 4050-513, Portugal
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12
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de Nóbrega M, Dos Reis MB, Pereira ÉR, de Souza MF, de Syllos Cólus IM. The potential of cell-free and exosomal microRNAs as biomarkers in liquid biopsy in patients with prostate cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:2893-2910. [PMID: 35922694 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04213-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prostate cancer (PCa) is the 4th most diagnosed cancer and the 8th leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Currently, clinical risk stratification models including factors like PSA levels, Gleason score, and digital rectal examination are used for this purpose. There is a need for novel biomarkers that can distinguish between indolent and aggressive pathology and reduce the risk of overdiagnosis/overtreatment. Liquid biopsy has a non-invasive character, can lead to less morbidity and provide new biomarkers, such as miRNAs, that regulate diverse important cellular processes. Here, we report an extended revision about the role of cell-free and exosomal miRNAs (exomiRNAs) as biomarkers for screening, diagnosis, prognosis, or treatment of PCa. METHODS A comprehensive review of the published literature was conducted focusing on the usefulness, advantages, and clinical applications of cell-free and exomiRNAs in serum and plasma. Using PubMed database 53 articles published between 2012 and 2021 were selected and discussed from the perspective of their use as diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers for PCa. RESULTS We identify 119 miRNAs associated with PCa development and the cell-free and exosomal miR-21, miR-141, miR-200c, and miR-375 were consistently associated with progression in multiple cohorts/studies. However, standardized experimental procedures, and well-defined and clinically relevant cohort studies are urgently needed to confirm the biomarker potential of cell-free and exomiRNAs in serum or plasma. CONCLUSION Cell-free and exomiRNAs in serum or plasma are promising tools for be used as non-invasive biomarkers for diagnostic, prognosis, therapy improvement and clinical outcome prediction in PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monyse de Nóbrega
- Department of General Biology, Laboratory of Mutagenesis and Oncogenetics, Center of Biologic Sciences, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR-445, Km 380-University Campus, Londrina, PR, CEP 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Mariana Bisarro Dos Reis
- Barretos Cancer Hospital (Molecular Oncology Research Center), Barretos, SP, CEP 14784-400, Brazil
| | - Érica Romão Pereira
- Department of General Biology, Laboratory of Mutagenesis and Oncogenetics, Center of Biologic Sciences, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR-445, Km 380-University Campus, Londrina, PR, CEP 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Marilesia Ferreira de Souza
- Department of General Biology, Laboratory of Mutagenesis and Oncogenetics, Center of Biologic Sciences, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR-445, Km 380-University Campus, Londrina, PR, CEP 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Ilce Mara de Syllos Cólus
- Department of General Biology, Laboratory of Mutagenesis and Oncogenetics, Center of Biologic Sciences, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR-445, Km 380-University Campus, Londrina, PR, CEP 86057-970, Brazil.
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13
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Isolation and Characterization of Urinary Extracellular Vesicles from Healthy Donors and Patients with Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137134. [PMID: 35806139 PMCID: PMC9266865 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy among men in developed countries. The five-year survival rate for men diagnosed with early-stage PCa is approximately 100%, while it is less than 30% for castration-resistant PCa (CRPC). Currently, the detection of prostate-specific antigens as biomarkers for the prognosis of CRPC is criticized because of its low accuracy, high invasiveness, and high false-positive rate. Therefore, it is important to identify new biomarkers for prediction of CRPC progression. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from tumors have been highlighted as potential markers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Specifically, urinary EVs directly reflect changes in the pathophysiological conditions of the urogenital system because it is exposed to prostatic secretions. Thus, detecting biomarkers in urinary EVs provides a promising approach for performing an accurate and non-invasive liquid biopsy for CPRC. In this study, we effectively isolated urinary EVs with low protein impurities using size-exclusion chromatography combined with ultrafiltration. After EV isolation and characterization, we evaluated the miRNAs in urinary EVs from healthy donors and patients with CRPC. The results indicated that miRNAs (miR-21-5p, miR-574-3p, and miR-6880-5p) could be used as potential biomarkers for the prognosis of CRPC. This analysis of urinary EVs contributes to the fast and convenient prognosis of diseases, including CRPC, in the clinical setting.
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Snipaitiene K, Bakavicius A, Lazutka JR, Ulys A, Jankevicius F, Jarmalaite S. Urinary microRNAs can predict response to abiraterone acetate in castration resistant prostate cancer: A pilot study. Prostate 2022; 82:475-482. [PMID: 34970742 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite novel agents have been introduced to treat castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) during the last decade, up to one-third of CRPC patients face primary resistance to new generation compounds. Therefore, sensitive molecular tools are urgently needed for reliable treatment selection and response prediction. This study aimed to evaluate urinary miRNAs and blood circulating androgen receptor (AR) transcript level as a tool for noninvasive outcome prediction for CRPC patients undergoing abiraterone acetate (AA) therapy. METHODS Prostate cancer-specific miR-148a, -365, -375, and -429 were analyzed in 129 urine samples collected from 100 CRPC patients before and during AA therapy via quantitative reverse transcription PCR. To test the prognostic value, urinary miRNA levels alone, as well as combined with AR level were associated with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS Level of urinary miR-375 was the highest in CRPC in comparison to noncancerous controls, as well as in combination with miR-429 was predictive for short PFS in AA-treated patients (HR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.1-4.2, p = 0.023). Especially high prognostic power of all analyzed miRNAs was observed in CRPC cases with high blood AR levels. For PFS prediction a tandem of miR-429 and high AR reached HR of 5.0 (95% CI: 2.2-11.8, p < 0.001), while for prediction of OS the best combination was demonstrated by miR-148a and AR with HR of 3.1 (95% CI: 1.4-7.1, p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS Urinary miRNAs could be used as prognostic biomarkers for CRPC patients to predict response to AA therapy, especially for the cases with high blood AR levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Snipaitiene
- Life Sciences Center, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
- National Cancer Institute of Lithuania, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arnas Bakavicius
- National Cancer Institute of Lithuania, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Urology Centre, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Juozas R Lazutka
- Life Sciences Center, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Albertas Ulys
- National Cancer Institute of Lithuania, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Feliksas Jankevicius
- National Cancer Institute of Lithuania, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Sonata Jarmalaite
- Life Sciences Center, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
- National Cancer Institute of Lithuania, Vilnius, Lithuania
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15
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Prognostic value of miR-21 for prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biosci Rep 2021; 42:230521. [PMID: 34931228 PMCID: PMC8753345 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of miR-21 expression are associated with many cancers, suggesting it may be a promising clinical biomarker. In prostate cancer (PCa), however, there is still no consensus about the usefulness of miR-21 as an indicator of disease progression. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the value of miR-21 expression as a prognostic measurement in PCa patients. Medline (Ovid), EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched for relevant publications between 2010 to 2021. Studies exploring the relationship between miR-21 expression, PCa prognosis and clinicopathological factors were selected for review. Those reporting hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were subject to meta-analyses. Fixed-effect models were employed to calculated pooled HRs and 95% CIs. Risk of bias in each study was assessed using QUIPS tool. Certainty of evidence in each meta-analysis was assessed using GRADE guidelines. A total of 64 studies were included in the systematic review. Of these, 11 were eligible for inclusion in meta-analysis. Meta-analyses revealed that high miR-21 expression was associated with poor prognosis: HR = 1.58 (95% CI = 1.19–2.09) for biochemical recurrence, MODERATE certainty; HR = 1.46 (95% CI = 1.06–2.01) for death, VERY LOW certainty; and HR = 1.26 (95% CI = 0.70–2.27) for disease progression, VERY LOW certainty. Qualitative summary revealed elevated miR-21 expression was significantly positively associated with PCa stage, Gleason score and risk groups. This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that elevated levels of miR-21 are associated with poor prognosis in PCa patients. miR-21 expression may therefore be a useful prognostic biomarker in this disease.
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16
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Cavallari I, Ciccarese F, Sharova E, Urso L, Raimondi V, Silic-Benussi M, D’Agostino DM, Ciminale V. The miR-200 Family of microRNAs: Fine Tuners of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Circulating Cancer Biomarkers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5874. [PMID: 34884985 PMCID: PMC8656820 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The miR-200 family of microRNAs (miRNAs) includes miR-200a, miR-200b, miR-200c, miR-141 and miR-429, five evolutionarily conserved miRNAs that are encoded in two clusters of hairpin precursors located on human chromosome 1 (miR-200b, miR-200a and miR-429) and chromosome 12 (miR-200c and miR-141). The mature -3p products of the precursors are abundantly expressed in epithelial cells, where they contribute to maintaining the epithelial phenotype by repressing expression of factors that favor the process of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a key hallmark of oncogenic transformation. Extensive studies of the expression and interactions of these miRNAs with cell signaling pathways indicate that they can exert both tumor suppressor- and pro-metastatic functions, and may serve as biomarkers of epithelial cancers. This review provides a summary of the role of miR-200 family members in EMT, factors that regulate their expression, and important targets for miR-200-mediated repression that are involved in EMT. The second part of the review discusses the potential utility of circulating miR-200 family members as diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers for breast, colorectal, lung, ovarian, prostate and bladder cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Cavallari
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV–IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy; (I.C.); (F.C.); (E.S.); (L.U.); (V.R.); (M.S.-B.)
| | - Francesco Ciccarese
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV–IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy; (I.C.); (F.C.); (E.S.); (L.U.); (V.R.); (M.S.-B.)
| | - Evgeniya Sharova
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV–IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy; (I.C.); (F.C.); (E.S.); (L.U.); (V.R.); (M.S.-B.)
| | - Loredana Urso
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV–IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy; (I.C.); (F.C.); (E.S.); (L.U.); (V.R.); (M.S.-B.)
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Vittoria Raimondi
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV–IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy; (I.C.); (F.C.); (E.S.); (L.U.); (V.R.); (M.S.-B.)
| | - Micol Silic-Benussi
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV–IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy; (I.C.); (F.C.); (E.S.); (L.U.); (V.R.); (M.S.-B.)
| | - Donna M. D’Agostino
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV–IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy; (I.C.); (F.C.); (E.S.); (L.U.); (V.R.); (M.S.-B.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ciminale
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV–IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy; (I.C.); (F.C.); (E.S.); (L.U.); (V.R.); (M.S.-B.)
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, 35128 Padova, Italy
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Oh-Hohenhorst SJ, Lange T. Role of Metastasis-Related microRNAs in Prostate Cancer Progression and Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174492. [PMID: 34503302 PMCID: PMC8431208 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In this review article we summarize the current literature on the pro- and anti-metastatic roles of distinct microRNAs in prostate cancer with a particular focus on their impact on invasion, migration and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Moreover, we give a brief overview on how this knowledge developed so far into novel therapeutic approaches to target metastatic prostate cancer. Abstract Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most prevalent cancer types in males and the consequences of its distant metastatic deposits are the leading cause of PCa mortality. Therefore, identifying the causes and molecular mechanisms of hematogenous metastasis formation is of considerable clinical importance for the future development of improved therapeutic approaches. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by targeting messenger RNAs. Numerous studies have identified miRNAs as promotors or inhibitors of metastasis and revealed, in part, their targeting pathways in PCa. Because miRNAs are remarkably stable and can be detected in both tissue and body fluid, its potential as specific biomarkers for metastasis and therapeutic response is also currently under preclinical evaluation. In the present review, we focus on miRNAs that are supposed to initiate or suppress metastasis by targeting several key mRNAs in PCa. Metastasis-suppressing miRNAs include miR-33a-5p, miR-34, miR-132 and miR-212, miR-145, the miR-200 family (incl. miR-141-3p), miR-204-5p, miR-532-3p, miR-335, miR-543, miR-505-3p, miR 19a 3p, miR-802, miR-940, and miR-3622a. Metastasis-promoting RNAs, such as miR-9, miR-181a, miR-210-3, miR-454, miR-671-5p, have been shown to increase the metastatic potential of PCa cells. Other metastasis-related miRNAs with conflicting reports in the literature are also discussed (miR-21 and miR-186). Finally, we summarize the recent developments of miRNA-based therapeutic approaches, as well as current limitations in PCa. Taken together, the metastasis-controlling miRNAs provide the potential to be integrated in the strategy of diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of metastatic PCa. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of consistency between certain miRNA signatures and reproducibility, which impedes clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jung Oh-Hohenhorst
- Martini-Klinik, Prostate Cancer Centre, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) et Institut du Cancer de Montréal (ICM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Tobias Lange
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Boerrigter E, Benoist GE, van Oort IM, Verhaegh GW, van Hooij O, Groen L, Smit F, Oving IM, de Mol P, Smilde TJ, Somford DM, Mehra N, Schalken JA, van Erp NP. Liquid biopsy reveals KLK3 mRNA as a prognostic marker for progression free survival in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer undergoing first-line abiraterone acetate and prednisone treatment. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:2453-2465. [PMID: 33650292 PMCID: PMC8410566 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating RNAs extracted from liquid biopsies represent a promising source of cancer‐ and therapy‐related biomarkers. We screened whole blood from patients with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) following their first‐line treatment with abiraterone acetate and prednisone (AA‐P) to identify circulating RNAs that may correlate with progression‐free survival (PFS). In a prospective multicenter observational study, 53 patients with mCRPC were included after they started first‐line AA‐P treatment. Blood was drawn at baseline, 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment initiation. The levels of predefined circulating RNAs earlier identified as being upregulated in patients with mCRPC (e.g., microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and mRNAs), were analyzed. Uni‐ and multivariable Cox regression and Kaplan–Meier analyses were used to analyze the prognostic value of the various circulating RNAs for PFS along treatment. Detectable levels of kallikrein‐related peptidase 3 (KLK3) mRNA at baseline were demonstrated to be an independent prognostic marker for PFS (201 vs 501 days, P = 0.00054). Three months after AA‐P treatment initiation, KLK3 could not be detected in the blood of responding patients, but was still detectable in 56% of the patients with early progression. Our study confirmed that KLK3 mRNA detection in whole blood is an independent prognostic marker in mCRPC patients receiving AA‐P treatment. Furthermore, the levels of circulating KLK3 mRNA in patients receiving AA‐P treatment might reflect treatment response or early signs of progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmy Boerrigter
- Department of PharmacyRadboud University Medical CenterRadboud Institute for Health SciencesNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | - Guillemette E. Benoist
- Department of PharmacyRadboud University Medical CenterRadboud Institute for Health SciencesNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | - Inge M. van Oort
- Department of UrologyRadboud University Medical CenterRadboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | - Gerald W. Verhaegh
- Department of UrologyRadboud University Medical CenterRadboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | - Onno van Hooij
- Department of UrologyRadboud University Medical CenterRadboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | - Levi Groen
- Department of UrologyRadboud University Medical CenterRadboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | | | - Irma M. Oving
- Department of Medical OncologyZiekenhuisgroep TwenteAlmelothe Netherlands
| | - Pieter de Mol
- Department of Medical OncologyGelderse Vallei HospitalEdethe Netherlands
| | - Tineke J. Smilde
- Department of Medical OncologyJeroen Bosch Hospital‘s Hertogenboschthe Netherlands
| | | | - Niven Mehra
- Deparment of Medical OncologyRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | - Jack A. Schalken
- Department of UrologyRadboud University Medical CenterRadboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | - Nielka P. van Erp
- Department of PharmacyRadboud University Medical CenterRadboud Institute for Health SciencesNijmegenthe Netherlands
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19
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Benoist GE, van Oort IM, Boerrigter E, Verhaegh GW, van Hooij O, Groen L, Smit F, de Mol P, Hamberg P, Dezentjé VO, Mehra N, Gerritsen W, Somford DM, van Erp NPH, Schalken JA. Prognostic Value of Novel Liquid Biomarkers in Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Treated with Enzalutamide: A Prospective Observational Study. Clin Chem 2021; 66:842-851. [PMID: 32408351 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvaa095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several treatment options were recently added for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, response to therapy is variable, and biomarkers that can guide treatment selection and response evaluation are lacking. Circulating RNAs are a promising source of biomarkers. We explored messenger RNAs (mRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) as potential biomarkers in liquid biopsies of patients with mCRPC treated with enzalutamide. METHODS Forty patients were included in this prospective multicenter observational study. Whole blood was drawn at baseline and 1, 3, and 6 months after start of therapy. Four mRNAs, 6 miRNAs, and 5 lncRNAs were analyzed by quantitative PCR. RNA levels in 30 healthy individuals were used as controls. RNA expression data were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses, and the primary end point was progression-free survival. Clinical factors were included in the multivariable Cox regression analysis. RESULTS Levels of 2 miRNAs, miR-375 and miR-3687, and 1 lncRNA, N-acetylated alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase like 2 antisense RNA 2 (NAALADL2-AS2), were more than 2-fold higher in patients with mCRPC compared with healthy volunteers. Patients with higher levels of miR-375 or miR-3687 showed a shorter time to progression. Patients with higher levels of NAALADL2-AS2 showed a longer time to progression. In the multivariable Cox regression analysis, higher miR-375, miR-3687 and serum prostate-specific antigen concentrations were shown to be independent predictors for shorter time to progression. CONCLUSIONS We identified miR-3687 as a novel prognostic marker for response in patients with CRPC treated with enzalutamide, and we confirmed the prognostic value of miR-375.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillemette E Benoist
- Department of Pharmacy, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Inge M van Oort
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Emmy Boerrigter
- Department of Pharmacy, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerald W Verhaegh
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Onno van Hooij
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Levi Groen
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Pieter de Mol
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Ede, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Hamberg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Franciscus Gasthuis and Vlietland, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent O Dezentjé
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Niven Mehra
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Winald Gerritsen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Diederik M Somford
- Department of Urology, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nielka P H van Erp
- Department of Pharmacy, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jack A Schalken
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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20
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Rajendiran S, Maji S, Haddad A, Lotan Y, Nandy RR, Vishwanatha JK, Chaudhary P. MicroRNA-940 as a Potential Serum Biomarker for Prostate Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:628094. [PMID: 33816263 PMCID: PMC8017318 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.628094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the leading causes of death despite an astoundingly high survival rate for localized tumors. Though prostate specific antigen (PSA) test, performed in conjunction with digital rectal examinations, is reasonably accurate, there are major caveats requiring a thorough assessment of risks and benefits prior to conducting the test. MicroRNAs, a class of small non-coding RNAs, are stable molecules that can be detected in circulation by non-invasive methods and have gained importance in cancer prognosis and diagnosis in the recent years. Here, we investigate circulating miR-940, a miRNA known to play a role in prostate cancer progression, in both cell culture supernatants as well as patient serum and urine samples to determine the utility of miR-940 as a new molecular marker for prostate cancer detection. We found that miR-940 was significantly higher in serum from cancer patients, specifically those with clinically significant tumors (GS ≥ 7). Analysis of receiver operating characteristic curve demonstrated that miR-940 in combination with PSA had a higher area under curve value (AUC: 0.818) than the miR-940 alone (AUC: 0.75) for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. This study provides promising results suggesting the use of miR-940 for prostate cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smrithi Rajendiran
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Sayantan Maji
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Ahmed Haddad
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Yair Lotan
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Rajesh R Nandy
- School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Jamboor K Vishwanatha
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States.,Texas Center for Health Disparities, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Pankaj Chaudhary
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States.,Texas Center for Health Disparities, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
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21
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Greene J, Baird AM, Lim M, Flynn J, McNevin C, Brady L, Sheils O, Gray SG, McDermott R, Finn SP. Differential CircRNA Expression Signatures May Serve as Potential Novel Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:605686. [PMID: 33718350 PMCID: PMC7946979 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.605686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a recently discovered non-coding RNA, have a number of functions including the regulation of miRNA expression. They have been detected in a number of malignancies including prostate cancer (PCa). The differential expression pattern of circRNAs associated with PCa and androgen receptor (AR) status was investigated in this study. circRNA profiling was performed using a high throughout microarray assay on a panel of prostate cell lines, which consisted of normal, benign, and malignant cells (n = 9). circRNAs were more commonly significantly up-regulated (p < 0.05) than downregulated in malignant cell lines (n = 3,409) vs. benign cell lines (n = 2,949). In a grouped analysis based on AR status, there were 2,127 down-regulated circRNAs in androgen independent cell lines compared to 2,236 in androgen dependent cell lines, thus identifying a potential circRNA signature reflective of androgen dependency. Through a bioinformatics approach, the parental genes associated with the top 10 differentially expressed circRNAs were identified such as hsa_circ_0064644, whose predicted parental gene target is RBMS3, and hsa_circ_0060539, whose predicted gene target is SDC4. Furthermore, we identified three circRNAs associated with the parental gene Caprin1 (hsa_circ_0021652, hsa_circ_0000288, and hsa_circ_0021647). Other studies have shown the importance of Caprin1 in PCa cell survival and drug resistance. Given the modified circRNA expression signatures identified here, these hypothesis generating results suggest that circRNAs may serve as potential putative diagnostic and predictive markers in PCa. However, further validation studies are required to assess the true potential of these markers in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Greene
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Medical Oncology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne-Marie Baird
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marvin Lim
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Medical Oncology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joshua Flynn
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ciara McNevin
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Medical Oncology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lauren Brady
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Orla Sheils
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Steven G Gray
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.,Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Raymond McDermott
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Medical Oncology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen P Finn
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.,Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Histopathology, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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22
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Rizzo M. Mechanisms of docetaxel resistance in prostate cancer: The key role played by miRNAs. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1875:188481. [PMID: 33217485 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
One of the main problems with the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer is that, despite an initial positive response, the majority of patients develop resistance and progress. In particular, the resistance to docetaxel, the gold standard therapy for metastatic prostate cancer since 2010, represents one of the main factors responsible for the failure of prostate cancer therapy. According to the present knowledge, different processes contribute to the appearance of docetaxel resistance and non-coding RNA seems to play a relevant role in them. In this review, a comprehensive overview of the miRNA network involved in docetaxel resistance is described, highlighting the pathway/s affected by their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Rizzo
- Non-coding RNA Group, Functional Genetics and Genomics Lab, Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), CNR, Pisa, Italy.
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23
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Jin W, Fei X, Wang X, Song Y, Chen F. Detection and Prognosis of Prostate Cancer Using Blood-Based Biomarkers. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:8730608. [PMID: 32454797 PMCID: PMC7218965 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8730608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is second only to lung cancer as a cause of death. Clinical assessment of patients and treatment efficiency therefore depend on the disease being diagnosed as early as possible. However, due to issues regarding the use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) for screening purposes, PCa management is among the most contentious of healthcare matters. PSA screening is problematic primarily because of diagnosis difficulties and the high rate of false-positive biopsies. Novel PCa biomarkers, such as the Prostate Health Index (PHI) and the 4Kscore, have been proposed in recent times to improve PSA prediction accuracy and have shown higher performance by preventing redundant biopsies. The 4Kscore also shows high precision in determining the risk of developing high-grade PCa, whereas elevated PHI levels suggest that the tumor is aggressive. Some evidence also supports the effectiveness of miRNAs as biomarkers for distinguishing PCa from benign prostatic hyperplasia and for assessing the aggressiveness of the disease. A number of miRNAs that possibly act as tumor inhibitors or oncogenes are impaired in PCa. These new biomarkers are comprehensively reviewed in the present study in terms of their potential use in diagnosing and treating PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jin
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiang Fei
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yan Song
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Fangjie Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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24
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Zedan AH, Osther PJS, Assenholt J, Madsen JS, Hansen TF. Circulating miR-141 and miR-375 are associated with treatment outcome in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:227. [PMID: 31937854 PMCID: PMC6959345 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57101-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is associated with high mortality, where monitoring of disease activity is still a major clinical challenge. The role of microRNAs (miRs) has been widely investigated in prostate cancer with both diagnostic and prognostic potential. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between circulating miRs and treatment outcome in mCRPC patients. The relative expression of five miRs (miR-93-5p, -125b-1-5p, -141-3p, -221-3p, and miR-375-3p) was investigated in plasma samples from 84 mCRPC patients; 40 patients were treated with docetaxel (DOC cohort) and 44 patients with abiraterone (ABI cohort). Blood was sampled at baseline before treatment start and at radiological progression. The plasma levels of four miRs; miR-93-5p, -141-3p, -221-3p, and miR-375-3p decreased significantly after treatment initiation in patients receiving docetaxel, and for miR-141-3p and miR-375-3p the level increased again at the time of radiological progression. In the patients treated with abiraterone, the plasma level of miR-221-3p likewise decreased significantly after the first treatment cycle. High baseline levels of both miR-141-3p and miR-375-3p were significantly associated with a shorter time to radiological progression in both cohorts. Additionally, high baseline levels of miR-141-3p and miR-221-3p were significantly associated with a shorter overall survival (OS) in the ABI cohort, while high levels of miR-141-3p and miR-375-3p were significantly associated with shorter OS in the DOC cohort. Plasma levels of miR-141-3p and miR-375-3p may predict time to progression in mCRPC patients treated with docetaxel or abiraterone. The clinical impact of these findings is dependent on validation in larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Zedan
- Urological Research Centre, Department of Urology, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark. .,Department of Oncology, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark. .,Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - P J S Osther
- Urological Research Centre, Department of Urology, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark.,Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - J Assenholt
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Immunology, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | - J S Madsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Immunology, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark.,Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - T F Hansen
- Department of Oncology, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark.,Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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25
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Boerrigter E, Groen LN, Van Erp NP, Verhaegh GW, Schalken JA. Clinical utility of emerging biomarkers in prostate cancer liquid biopsies. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2019; 20:219-230. [DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2019.1675515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmy Boerrigter
- Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Levi N. Groen
- Department of Experimental Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nielka P. Van Erp
- Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerald W. Verhaegh
- Department of Experimental Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jack A. Schalken
- Department of Experimental Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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26
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Bottani M, Banfi G, Lombardi G. Circulating miRNAs as Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers in Common Solid Tumors: Focus on Lung, Breast, Prostate Cancers, and Osteosarcoma. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E1661. [PMID: 31614612 PMCID: PMC6833074 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8101661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An early cancer diagnosis is essential to treat and manage patients, but it is difficult to achieve this goal due to the still too low specificity and sensitivity of classical methods (imaging, actual biomarkers), together with the high invasiveness of tissue biopsies. The discovery of novel, reliable, and easily collectable cancer markers is a topic of interest, with human biofluids, especially blood, as important sources of minimal invasive biomarkers such as circulating microRNAs (miRNAs), the most promising. MiRNAs are small non-coding RNAs and known epigenetic modulators of gene expression, with specific roles in cancer development/progression, which are next to be implemented in the clinical routine as biomarkers for early diagnosis and the efficient monitoring of tumor progression and treatment response. Unfortunately, several issues regarding their validation process are still to be resolved. In this review, updated findings specifically focused on the clinical relevance of circulating miRNAs as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers for the most prevalent cancer types (breast, lung, and prostate cancers in adults, and osteosarcoma in children) are described. In addition, deep analysis of pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical issues still affecting the circulation of miRNAs' validation process and routine implementation is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Bottani
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milano, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milano, Italy.
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milano, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Lombardi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milano, Italy.
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, ul. Kazimierza Górskiego 1, 80-336 Pomorskie, Poland.
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27
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Dai X, Kaushik AC, Zhang J. The Emerging Role of Major Regulatory RNAs in Cancer Control. Front Oncol 2019; 9:920. [PMID: 31608229 PMCID: PMC6771296 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations and personal variations of RNA interactions have been mechanistically coupled with disease etiology and phenotypical variations. RNA biomarkers, RNA mimics, and RNA antagonists have been developed for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic uses. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) are two major types of RNA molecules with regulatory roles, deregulation of which has been implicated in the initiation and progression of many human malignancies. Accumulating evidence indicated the clinical roles of regulatory RNAs in cancer control, stimulating a surge in exploring the functionalities of regulatory RNAs for improved understanding on disease pathogenesis and management. In this review, we highlight the critical roles of lncRNAs and miRNAs played in tumorigenesis, scrutinize their potential functionalities as diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets in clinics, outline opportunities that ncRNAs may bring to complement current clinical practice for improved cancer management and identify challenges faced by translating frontier knowledge on non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) to bedside clinics as well as possible solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Dai
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Aman Chandra Kaushik
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianying Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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28
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Mironova N, Vlassov V. Surveillance of Tumour Development: The Relationship Between Tumour-Associated RNAs and Ribonucleases. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1019. [PMID: 31572192 PMCID: PMC6753386 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour progression is accompanied by rapid cell proliferation, loss of differentiation, the reprogramming of energy metabolism, loss of adhesion, escape of immune surveillance, induction of angiogenesis, and metastasis. Both coding and regulatory RNAs expressed by tumour cells and circulating in the blood are involved in all stages of tumour progression. Among the important tumour-associated RNAs are intracellular coding RNAs that determine the routes of metabolic pathways, cell cycle control, angiogenesis, adhesion, apoptosis and pathways responsible for transformation, and intracellular and extracellular non-coding RNAs involved in regulation of the expression of their proto-oncogenic and oncosuppressing mRNAs. Considering the diversity/variability of biological functions of RNAs, it becomes evident that extracellular RNAs represent important regulators of cell-to-cell communication and intracellular cascades that maintain cell proliferation and differentiation. In connection with the elucidation of such an important role for RNA, a surge in interest in RNA-degrading enzymes has increased. Natural ribonucleases (RNases) participate in various cellular processes including miRNA biogenesis, RNA decay and degradation that has determined their principal role in the sustention of RNA homeostasis in cells. Findings were obtained on the contribution of some endogenous ribonucleases in the maintenance of normal cell RNA homeostasis, which thus prevents cell transformation. These findings directed attention to exogenous ribonucleases as tools to compensate for the malfunction of endogenous ones. Recently a number of proteins with ribonuclease activity were discovered whose intracellular function remains unknown. Thus, the comprehensive investigation of physiological roles of RNases is still required. In this review we focused on the control mechanisms of cell transformation by endogenous ribonucleases, and the possibility of replacing malfunctioning enzymes with exogenous ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda Mironova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valentin Vlassov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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29
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Satomi-Tsushita N, Shimomura A, Matsuzaki J, Yamamoto Y, Kawauchi J, Takizawa S, Aoki Y, Sakamoto H, Kato K, Shimizu C, Ochiya T, Tamura K. Serum microRNA-based prediction of responsiveness to eribulin in metastatic breast cancer. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222024. [PMID: 31483849 PMCID: PMC6726239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of biomarkers for predicting the responsiveness to eribulin in patients with metastatic breast cancer pretreated with an anthracycline and a taxane remains an unmet need. Here, we established a serum microRNA (miRNA)-based prediction model for the emergence of new distant metastases after eribulin treatment. Serum samples were collected from metastatic breast cancer patients prior to eribulin treatment and comprehensively evaluated by miRNA microarray. The prediction model for estimating eribulin efficacy was established using the logistic LASSO regression model. Serum samples were collected from 147 patients, of which 52 developed at least one new distant metastasis after eribulin monotherapy and 95 did not develop new distant metastases. A combination of eight serum miRNAs (miR-4483, miR-8089, miR-4755-3p, miR-296-3p, miR-575, miR-4710, miR-5698 and miR-3160-5p) predicted the appearance of new distant metastases with an area under the curve of 0.79, sensitivity of 0.69 and specificity of 0.82. The serum levels of miR-8089 and miR-5698 were significantly associated with overall survival after the initiation of eribulin treatment. The present study provides evidence that serum miRNA profiling may serve as a biomarker for the responsiveness to eribulin and for predicting the development of new distant metastases in metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akihiko Shimomura
- Department of Breast and Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Juntaro Matsuzaki
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamamoto
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junpei Kawauchi
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Toray Industries, Inc., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Satoko Takizawa
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Toray Industries, Inc., Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Hiromi Sakamoto
- Department of Biobank and Tissue Resources, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Kato
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chikako Shimizu
- Department of Breast and Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kenji Tamura
- Department of Breast and Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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30
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Madadi S, Schwarzenbach H, Lorenzen J, Soleimani M. MicroRNA expression studies: challenge of selecting reliable reference controls for data normalization. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3497-3514. [PMID: 31089747 PMCID: PMC11105490 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03136-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Accurate determination of microRNA expression levels is a prerequisite in using these small non-coding RNA molecules as novel biomarkers in disease diagnosis and prognosis. Quantitative PCR is the method of choice for measuring the expression levels of microRNAs. However, a major obstacle that affects the reliability of results is the lack of validated reference controls for data normalization. Various non-coding RNAs have previously been used as reference controls, but their use may lead to variations and lack of comparability of microRNA data among the studies. Despite the growing number of studies investigating microRNA profiles to discriminate between healthy and disease stages, robust reference controls for data normalization have so far not been established. In the present article, we provide an overview of different reference controls used in various diseases, and highlight the urgent need for the identification of suitable reference controls to produce reliable data. Our analysis shows, among others, that RNU6 is not an ideal normalizer in studies using patient material from different diseases. Finally, our article tries to disclose the challenges to find a reference control which is uniformly and stably expressed across all body tissues, fluids, and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Madadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Heidi Schwarzenbach
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johan Lorenzen
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Meysam Soleimani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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31
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Circulating microRNAs as potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in prostate cancer: Current status and future perspectives. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:16316-16329. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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32
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Wang F, Zhang L, Xu H, Li R, Xu L, Qin Z, Zhong B. The Significance Role of microRNA-200c as a Prognostic Factor in Various Human Solid Malignant Neoplasms: A Meta-Analysis. J Cancer 2019; 10:277-286. [PMID: 30662548 PMCID: PMC6329861 DOI: 10.7150/jca.27536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis of 49 relevant studies to evaluate the prognostic value of miRNA-200c in various human malignant neoplasms. Methods: All relevant studies were identified by searching PubMed, Embase and Web of Science until August 15st, 2018. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of miRNA-200c for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS)/recurrence-free survival (RFS)/disease-free survival (DFS) were calculated to investigate such associations. Results: Overall, 49 eligible studies were included in this meta-analysis. Our results showed that high expression of miRNA-200c was significantly correlated with a poor OS in cancer (pooled HR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.06-1.65), but was not significantly correlated with PFS/RFS/DFS in cancer (pooled HR=1.05, 95% CI: 0.84-1.23). In our subgroup analysis, high miRNA-200c expression predicted a significantly worse OS (pooled HR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.12-2.01) only in Caucasians. Moreover, high miRNA-200c expression even showed significantly poor OS (pooled HR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.39-2.54) in blood samples. In addition, a significantly unfavorable OS (pooled HR = 2.69, 95% CI: 1.49-4.85) and (pooled HR = 2.66, 95% CI: 1.07-6.59) associated with up-regulated miRNA-200c expression were observed in breast cancer and endometrial cancer, respectively. Besides, high miRNA-200c expression also showed significantly poor PFS/RFS/DFS (pooled HR=1.66, 95% CI: 1.03-2.67) in breast cancer. Conclusions: Our findings indicated that high miRNA-200c expression was a promising biomarker for patient survival and disease progression in malignant tumors, especially in breast cancer and endometrial cancer. Considering the insufficient evidence, further large-scale researches and clinical studies were needed to verify these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Jiangsu Province Hospital of TCM, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of TCM, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Haoxiang Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Lingyan Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Zhiqiang Qin
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Bing Zhong
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, 223300, China.,Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, China
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Wu A, Attard G. Plasma DNA Analysis in Prostate Cancer: Opportunities for Improving Clinical Management. Clin Chem 2019; 65:100-107. [PMID: 30538124 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2018.287250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular characterization of tumors could be important for clinical management. Plasma DNA obtained noninvasively as a liquid biopsy could be widely applicable for clinical implementation in biomarker-based treatment strategies. CONTENT Prostate cancer is a disease with variable clinical outcomes and molecular features and therefore presents multiple opportunities for biomarker-based treatment optimization. Tissue analysis may not be representative of the lethal clone in localized disease or of intrapatient, intermetastases heterogeneity; fresh tissue is often challenging to obtain by biopsy of metastasis, whereas archival samples may not represent current disease and may be of insufficient quality. Plasma DNA is of variable tumor-to-normal fraction that requires accurate estimation using sensitively measured genomic events. In plasma with sufficient tumor content, the spectrum of genomic aberrations closely resembles tissue and could be used to molecularly characterize patients in real time. In this review we discuss the opportunities for improving clinical management by using plasma DNA analysis in different clinical scenarios across the disease spectrum, from detection of prostate cancer and disease relapse to treatment response prediction, response assessment, and interrogation of treatment resistance in metastatic prostate cancer. Combinational strategies may incorporate other modalities, including circulating tumor cells, circulating microRNA, and extracellular vesicles analysis, which could help to achieve more accurate characterization. SUMMARY There are many opportunities for plasma DNA analyses to change clinical management. However, there are challenges that need to be addressed to clinically implement a test, including the development of accurate, fit for purpose, and technically reproducible assay, followed by prospective validation in a large cohort of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjui Wu
- University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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Pinart M, Kunath F, Lieb V, Tsaur I, Wullich B, Schmidt S. Prognostic models for predicting overall survival in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: a systematic review. World J Urol 2018; 38:613-635. [PMID: 30554274 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-018-2574-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Prognostic models are developed to estimate the probability of the occurrence of future outcomes incorporating multiple variables. We aimed to identify and summarize existing multivariable prognostic models developed for predicting overall survival in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). METHODS The protocol was prospectively registered (CRD42017064448). We systematically searched Medline and reference lists up to May 2018 and included experimental and observational studies, which developed and/or internally validated prognostic models for mCRPC patients and were further externally validated or updated. The outcome of interest was overall survival. Two authors independently performed literature screening and quality assessment. RESULTS We included 12 studies that developed models including 8750 patients aged 42-95 years. Models included 4-11 predictor variables, mostly hemoglobin, baseline PSA, alkaline phosphatase, performance status, and lactate dehydrogenase. Very few incorporated Gleason score. Two models included predictors related to docetaxel and mitoxantrone treatments. Model performance after internal validation showed similar discrimination power ranging from 0.62 to 0.73. Overall survival models were mainly constructed as nomograms or risk groups/score. Two models obtained an overall judgment of low risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS Most models were not suitable for clinical use due to methodological shortcomings and lack of external validation. Further external validation and/or model updating is required to increase prognostic accuracy and clinical applicability prior to their incorporation in clinical practice as a useful tool in patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pinart
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- UroEvidence@Deutsche Gesellschaft für Urologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - F Kunath
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- UroEvidence@Deutsche Gesellschaft für Urologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - V Lieb
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - I Tsaur
- Department of Urology, University Medicine Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - B Wullich
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Schmidt
- UroEvidence@Deutsche Gesellschaft für Urologie, Berlin, Germany.
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Hasanzadeh M, Movahedi M, Rejali M, Maleki F, Moetamani‐Ahmadi M, Seifi S, Hosseini Z, Khazaei M, Amerizadeh F, Ferns GA, Rezayi M, Avan A. The potential prognostic and therapeutic application of tissue and circulating microRNAs in cervical cancer. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:1289-1294. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Hasanzadeh
- Department of Gynecology Oncology Woman Health Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | | | | | | | | | - Sima Seifi
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | | | - Majid Khazaei
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Forouzan Amerizadeh
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Gordon A. Ferns
- Division of Medical Education Brighton & Sussex Medical School Brighton Sussex UK
| | - Majid Rezayi
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Cancer Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
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36
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Faraldi M, Gomarasca M, Banfi G, Lombardi G. Free Circulating miRNAs Measurement in Clinical Settings: The Still Unsolved Issue of the Normalization. Adv Clin Chem 2018; 87:113-139. [PMID: 30342709 PMCID: PMC7112021 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Circulating molecules that are released into the circulation in response to specific stimuli are considered potential biomarkers for physiological or pathological processes. Their effective usefulness as biomarkers resides in their stability and high availability in all the biological fluids, combined with the limited invasiveness of intervention. Among the circulating molecules, miRNAs represent a novel class of biomarkers as they possess all the required characteristics such as sensitivity, predictivity, specificity, robustness, translatability, and noninvasiveness. miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs, that act as inhibitors of protein translation, and intervene in the complex network of the post-transcriptional mechanisms finely regulating gene expression. The emerging role of miRNAs as potential biomarkers for clinical applications (e.g., cancer and cardiovascular diseases diagnosis and prediction, musculoskeletal disease diagnosis and bone fracture risk prediction), however, requires the standardization of miRNA processing, from sample collection and sample storage, to RNA isolation, RNA reverse-transcription, and data analyses. Normalization is one of the most controversial issues related to quantitative Real-Time PCR data analysis since no universally accepted normalization strategies and reference genes exist, even more importantly, for circulating miRNA quantification. As it is widely demonstrated that the choice of different normalization strategies influences the results of gene expression analysis, it is important to select the most appropriate normalizers for each experimental set. This review discloses on the different strategies adopted in RT-qPCR miRNA normalization and the concerning issues to highlight on the need of a universally accepted methodology to make comparable the results produced by different studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Faraldi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
| | - Marta Gomarasca
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
- Corresponding author: E-mail:
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Hahne JC, Valeri N. Non-Coding RNAs and Resistance to Anticancer Drugs in Gastrointestinal Tumors. Front Oncol 2018; 8:226. [PMID: 29967761 PMCID: PMC6015885 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs are important regulators of gene expression and transcription. It is well established that impaired non-coding RNA expression especially the one of long non-coding RNAs and microRNAs is involved in a number of pathological conditions including cancer. Non-coding RNAs are responsible for the development of resistance to anticancer treatments as they regulate drug resistance-related genes, affect intracellular drug concentrations, induce alternative signaling pathways, alter drug efficiency via blocking cell cycle regulation, and DNA damage response. Furthermore, they can prevent therapeutic-induced cell death and promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and elicit non-cell autonomous mechanisms of resistance. In this review, we summarize the role of non-coding RNAs for different mechanisms resulting in drug resistance (e.g., drug transport, drug metabolism, cell cycle regulation, regulation of apoptotic pathways, cancer stem cells, and EMT) in the context of gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens C. Hahne
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Valeri
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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38
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Consensus Statement on Circulating Biomarkers for Advanced Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol Oncol 2018; 1:151-159. [DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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39
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Matin F, Jeet V, Moya L, Selth LA, Chambers S, Clements JA, Batra J. A Plasma Biomarker Panel of Four MicroRNAs for the Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6653. [PMID: 29703916 PMCID: PMC5923293 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24424-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is diagnosed in over 1 million men every year globally, yet current diagnostic modalities are inadequate for identification of significant cancer and more reliable early diagnostic biomarkers are necessary for improved clinical management of prostate cancer patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) modulate important cellular processes/pathways contributing to cancer and are stably present in body fluids. In this study we profiled 372 cancer-associated miRNAs in plasma collected before (~60% patients) and after/during commencement of treatment (~40% patients), from age-matched prostate cancer patients and healthy controls, and observed elevated levels of 4 miRNAs - miR-4289, miR-326, miR-152-3p and miR-98-5p, which were validated in an independent cohort. The miRNA panel was able to differentiate between prostate cancer patients and controls (AUC = 0.88). Analysis of published miRNA transcriptomic data from clinical samples demonstrated low expression of miR-152-3p in tumour compared to adjacent non-malignant tissues. Overexpression of miR-152-3p increased proliferation and migration of prostate cancer cells, suggesting a role for this miRNA in prostate cancer pathogenesis, a concept that was supported by pathway analysis of predicted miR-152-3p target genes. In summary, a four miRNA panel, including miR-152-3p which likely targets genes with key roles in prostate cancer pathogenesis, has the potential to improve early prostate cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhana Matin
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre- Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia.,Cancer Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Varinder Jeet
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre- Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia.,Cancer Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Leire Moya
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre- Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia.,Cancer Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Luke A Selth
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Suzanne Chambers
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | | | - Judith A Clements
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre- Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia.,Cancer Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre- Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia. .,Cancer Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia.
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40
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In-Silico Integration Approach to Identify a Key miRNA Regulating a Gene Network in Aggressive Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19030910. [PMID: 29562723 PMCID: PMC5877771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Like other cancer diseases, prostate cancer (PC) is caused by the accumulation of genetic alterations in the cells that drives malignant growth. These alterations are revealed by gene profiling and copy number alteration (CNA) analysis. Moreover, recent evidence suggests that also microRNAs have an important role in PC development. Despite efforts to profile PC, the alterations (gene, CNA, and miRNA) and biological processes that correlate with disease development and progression remain partially elusive. Many gene signatures proposed as diagnostic or prognostic tools in cancer poorly overlap. The identification of co-expressed genes, that are functionally related, can identify a core network of genes associated with PC with a better reproducibility. By combining different approaches, including the integration of mRNA expression profiles, CNAs, and miRNA expression levels, we identified a gene signature of four genes overlapping with other published gene signatures and able to distinguish, in silico, high Gleason-scored PC from normal human tissue, which was further enriched to 19 genes by gene co-expression analysis. From the analysis of miRNAs possibly regulating this network, we found that hsa-miR-153 was highly connected to the genes in the network. Our results identify a four-gene signature with diagnostic and prognostic value in PC and suggest an interesting gene network that could play a key regulatory role in PC development and progression. Furthermore, hsa-miR-153, controlling this network, could be a potential biomarker for theranostics in high Gleason-scored PC.
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41
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Cheng HH, Plets M, Li H, Higano CS, Tangen CM, Agarwal N, Vogelzang NJ, Hussain M, Thompson IM, Tewari M, Yu EY. Circulating microRNAs and treatment response in the Phase II SWOG S0925 study for patients with new metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. Prostate 2018; 78:121-127. [PMID: 29105802 PMCID: PMC5728359 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies suggest circulating, blood-based microRNAs (miRNAs) may serve as minimally invasive prostate cancer biomarkers, however there is limited data from prospective clinical trials. Here, we explore the role of candidate plasma miRNAs as potential biomarkers in the SWOG 0925 randomized phase II study of androgen deprivation combined with cixutumumab versus androgen deprivation alone in patients with new metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. METHODS Correlative biospecimens, including circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and plasma for miRNA analysis, were collected at baseline and after 12 weeks on treatment from 50 patients enrolled on SWOG 0925. Circulating microRNAs were quantified using real-time RT-PCR microRNA array that allowed specific analysis of previously identified candidate miRNAs (miR-141, miR-200a, miR-200b, miR-210, and miR-375) as well as discovery analysis to identify new candidate miRNAs. MiRNA levels were correlated to previously reported CTC counts using CellSearch® (Veridex) and with the primary study outcome of 28-week PSA response (≤0.2, 0.2 to ≤4.0, or >4.0 ng/mL), previously shown to correlate with overall survival. RESULTS We observed a correlation between baseline circulating miR-141, miR-200a, and miR-375 levels with baseline CTCs. Baseline miR-375 levels were associated with 28-week PSA response (≤0.2, 0.2 to ≤4.0, or >4.0 ng/mL, P = 0.007). Using ROC curve analysis, there was no significant difference between baseline miR-375 and baseline CTC in predicting 28-week PSA response (≤0.2 vs >0.2 ng/mL). To discover novel candidate miRNAs, we analyzed 365 miRNAs for association with the 28-week PSA response endpoint and identified new candidate miRNAs along with the existing candidates miR-375 and miR-200b (P = 0.0012, P = 0.0046, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Baseline plasma miR-141, miR-200a, and miR-375 levels are associated with baseline CTC count. Baseline miR-375 was also associated with the trial endpoint of 28-week PSA response. Our results provide evidence that circulating miRNA biomarkers may have value as prognostic biomarkers and warrant further study in larger prospective clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather H. Cheng
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Clinical Research
- University of Washington, Division of Medical Oncology
| | - Melissa Plets
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Clinical Research
| | - Hongli Li
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Clinical Research
| | - Celestia S. Higano
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Clinical Research
- University of Washington, Division of Medical Oncology
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Muneesh Tewari
- University of Michigan, Departments of Internal Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Biointerfaces Institute, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Evan Y. Yu
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Clinical Research
- University of Washington, Division of Medical Oncology
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42
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Song CJ, Chen H, Chen LZ, Ru GM, Guo JJ, Ding QN. The potential of microRNAs as human prostate cancer biomarkers: A meta-analysis of related studies. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:2763-2786. [PMID: 29095529 PMCID: PMC5814937 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is a very important kind of male malignancies. When PC evolves into a stage of hormone resistance or metastasis, the fatality rate is very high. Currently, discoveries and advances in miRNAs as biomarkers have opened the potential for the diagnosis of PC, especially early diagnosis. miRNAs not only can noninvasively or minimally invasively identify PC, but also can provide the data for optimization and personalization of therapy. Moreover, miRNAs have been shown to play an important role to predict prognosis of PC. The purpose of this meta‐analysis is to integrate the currently published expression profile data of miRNAs in PC, and evaluate the value of miRNAs as biomarkers for PC. All of relevant records were selected via electronic databases: Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane, and CNKI based on the assessment of title, abstract, and full text. we extracted mean ± SD or fold change of miRNAs expression levels in PC versus BPH or normal controls. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for overall survival (OS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS), were also calculated to detect the relationship between high miRNAs expression and PC prognosis. Selected 104 articles were published in 2007‐2017. According to the inclusion criteria, 104 records were included for this meta‐analysis. The pooled or stratified analyze showed 10 up‐regulated miRNAs (miR‐18a, miR‐34a, miR‐106b, miR‐141, miR‐182, miR‐183, miR‐200a/b, miR‐301a, and miR‐375) and 14 down‐regulated miRNAs (miR‐1, miR‐23b/27b, miR‐30c, miR‐99b, miR‐139‐5p, miR‐152, miR‐187, miR‐204, miR‐205, miR‐224, miR‐452, miR‐505, and let‐7c) had relatively good diagnostic and predictive potential to discriminate PC from BPH/normal controls. Furthermore, high expression of miR‐32 and low expression of let‐7c could be used to differentiate metastatic PC from local/primary PC. Additional interesting findings were that the expression profiles of five miRNAs (miR‐21, miR‐30c, miR‐129, miR‐145, and let‐7c) could predict poor RFS of PC, while the evaluation of miR‐375 was associated with worse OS. miRNAs are important regulators in PC progression. Our results indicate that miRNAs are suitable for predicting the different stages of PC. The detection of miRNAs is an effective way to control patient's prognosis and evaluate therapeutic efficacy. However, large‐scale detections based on common clinical guidelines are still necessary to further validate our conclusions, due to the bias induced by molecular heterogeneity and differences in study design and detection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Jiao Song
- Medical Research Center, Shaoxing people's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Zhejiang Institute of Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Microorganism Technology and Bioinformatics Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li-Zhong Chen
- Medical Research Center, Shaoxing people's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Guo-Mei Ru
- Medical Research Center, Shaoxing people's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Jian-Jun Guo
- Medical Research Center, Shaoxing people's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Qian-Nan Ding
- Medical Research Center, Shaoxing people's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, China
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Kanwal R, Plaga AR, Liu X, Shukla GC, Gupta S. MicroRNAs in prostate cancer: Functional role as biomarkers. Cancer Lett 2017; 407:9-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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44
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Significance of microRNAs in Androgen Signaling and Prostate Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9080102. [PMID: 28783103 PMCID: PMC5575605 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9080102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) plays important roles in prostate cancer development and prostate tumor growth. After binding to androgens, AR functions as a nuclear receptor and translocates to the nucleus to bind to specific AR-binding sites (ARBSs). AR regulates epigenetic factor recruitments to activate its downstream signaling. Although androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is initially useful for prostate cancer patients, most patients eventually show resistance with hormone-refractory prostate cancers (HRPCs) or castration-resistant prostate cancers (CRPCs). Thus, new therapeutic strategies targeting HRPCs/CRPCs should be very important for clinical medicine as well as prostate cancer biology. Past studies have shown that mechanisms such as AR overexpression, hypersensitivity, variants and reprograming are responsible for developing HRPCs/CRPCs. These findings suggest that AR target genes will be major key factors. In this review article, we focus mainly on the androgen-regulated microRNAs (miRNAs) to summarize the contribution of miRNA-mediated pathways for prostate cancer progression.
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45
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Bascetta L, Oliviero A, D'Aurizio R, Evangelista M, Mercatanti A, Pellegrini M, Marrocolo F, Bracarda S, Rizzo M. The Prostate Cancer Cells Resistant to Docetaxel as in vitro Model for Discovering MicroRNAs Predictive of the Onset of Docetaxel Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071512. [PMID: 28703747 PMCID: PMC5536002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
On the grounds that miRNAs present in the blood of prostate cancer (PCa) patients are released in the growth medium by PCa cells, it is conceivable that PCa cells resistant to docetaxel (DCT) (DCTR) will release miRNAs that may be found in PCa patients under DCT therapy if resistant PCa cells appear. We isolated DCTR clones respectively from 22Rv1 and DU-145 PCa cell lines and performed through next-generation sequencing (NGS) the miRNAs profiles of the released miRNAs. The analysis of the NGS data identified 105 and 1 miRNAs which were differentially released in the growth medium of the 22Rv1/DCTR and DU-145/DCTR clones, respectively. Using additional filters, we selected 12 and 1 miRNA more released by all 22Rv1/DCTR and DU-145/DCTR clones, respectively. Moreover, we showed that 6 of them were more represented in the growth medium of the DCTR cells than the ones of DCT-treated cells. We speculated that they have the pre-requisite to be tested as predictive biomarkers of the DCT resistance in PCa patients under DCT therapy. We propose the utilization of clones resistant to a given drug as in vitro model to identify the differentially released miRNAs, which in perspective could be tested as predictive biomarkers of drug resistance in tumor patients under therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Bascetta
- Non-Coding RNA Laboratory, Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council (CNR), via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Arianna Oliviero
- Non-Coding RNA Laboratory, Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council (CNR), via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Romina D'Aurizio
- Laboratory for Integrative System Medicine (LISM), Institute of Informatics and Telematics (IIT), National Research Council (CNR), via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Monica Evangelista
- Non-Coding RNA Laboratory, Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council (CNR), via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Alberto Mercatanti
- Non-Coding RNA Laboratory, Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council (CNR), via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Marco Pellegrini
- Laboratory for Integrative System Medicine (LISM), Institute of Informatics and Telematics (IIT), National Research Council (CNR), via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Francesca Marrocolo
- Department of Oncology, San Donato Hospital, Azienda USL Toscana Sud-Est, via P. Nenni 20, 52100 Arezzo, Italy.
| | - Sergio Bracarda
- Department of Oncology, San Donato Hospital, Azienda USL Toscana Sud-Est, via P. Nenni 20, 52100 Arezzo, Italy.
- Istituto Toscano Tumori (ITT), via T. Alderotti 26/N, 50139 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Milena Rizzo
- Non-Coding RNA Laboratory, Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council (CNR), via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
- Istituto Toscano Tumori (ITT), via T. Alderotti 26/N, 50139 Firenze, Italy.
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