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Wang Q, Ning Y, Zhang J, Du X, Xu Z, Hu Y, Gao F, Chen Y. Rapamycin and Hyperoside-Co-loaded Macrophage Delivery System Enhanced Pulmonary Fibrosis Therapy by Autophagy Upregulation and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Inhibition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:48993-49002. [PMID: 39225760 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c07604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a lethal interstitial lung disease, for which current treatments are inadequate in halting its progression. A significant factor contributing to the development of fibrosis is insufficient autophagy, which leads to increased fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition. However, treatments aimed at upregulating autophagy often cause further lung pathology due to the disruption of epithelial cell balance. In response, we have developed a novel macrophage delivery system loaded with an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition inhibitor, hyperoside (HYP), and an autophagy inducer, rapamycin (RAP). This system targets the fibrotic areas of the lung through chemotaxis, releases liposomes via macrophage extracellular traps, and effectively inhibits fibroblast proliferation while restoring the alveolar structure through the combined effects of RAP and HYP, ultimately reducing lung pathology without causing systemic toxicity. Our findings not only highlight a promising method to enhance autophagy-based treatments for pulmonary fibrosis but also demonstrate the potential of macrophages as effective nanocarriers for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and Process of Chemical Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yuanmeng Ning
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and Process of Chemical Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jinru Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and Process of Chemical Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xu Du
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and Process of Chemical Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zihan Xu
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and Process of Chemical Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yongcheng Hu
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and Process of Chemical Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yanzuo Chen
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and Process of Chemical Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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2
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Li Y, Yang T, Jiang B. Neutrophil and neutrophil extracellular trap involvement in neutrophilic asthma: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e39342. [PMID: 39183388 PMCID: PMC11346896 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000039342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a highly prevalent chronic inflammatory disease characterized by variable airflow obstruction and airway hyperresponsiveness. Neutrophilic asthma (NA) is classified as "type 2 low" asthma, defined as 65% or more neutrophils in the total cell count. There is no clear consensus on the pathogenesis of NA, and the accumulation of neutrophils and release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) may be responsible for its development. A NET is a large extracellular meshwork comprising cell membrane and granule proteins. It is a powerful antimicrobial defence system that traps, neutralizes, and kills bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites and prevents the spread of microorganisms. However, dysregulation of NETs may lead to chronic airway inflammation, is associated with worsening of asthma, and has been the subject of major research advances in chronic lung diseases in recent years. NA is insensitive to steroids, and there is a need to find effective biomarkers as targets for the treatment of NA to replace steroids. This review analyses the mechanisms of action between asthmatic neutrophil recruitment and NET formation and their impact on NA development. It also discusses their possible therapeutic significance in NA, summarizing the advances made in NA agents and providing strategies for the treatment of NA, provide a theoretical basis for the development of new therapeutic drugs, thereby improving the level of diagnosis and treatment, and promoting the research progress in the field of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuemu Li
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Tianyi Yang
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Baihua Jiang
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang, China
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3
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Long D, Mao C, Xu Y, Zhu Y. The emerging role of neutrophil extracellular traps in ulcerative colitis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1425251. [PMID: 39170617 PMCID: PMC11335521 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1425251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by chronic non-recessive inflammation of the intestinal mucosa involving both innate and adaptive immune responses. Currently, new targeted therapies are urgently needed for UC, and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are new therapeutic options. NETs are DNA-based networks released from neutrophils into the extracellular space after stimulation, in which a variety of granule proteins, proteolytic enzymes, antibacterial peptides, histones, and other network structures are embedded. With the deepening of the studies on NETs, their regulatory role in the development of autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases has received extensive attention in recent years. Increasing evidence indicates that excess NETs exacerbate the inflammatory response in UC, disrupting the structure and function of the intestinal mucosal barrier and increasing the risk of thrombosis. Although NETs are usually assigned a deleterious role in promoting the pathological process of UC, they also appear to have a protective role in some models. Despite such progress, comprehensive reviews describing the therapeutic promise of NETs in UC remain limited. In this review, we discuss the latest evidence for the formation and degradation of NETs, focusing on their double-edged role in UC. Finally, the potential implications of NETs as therapeutic targets for UC will be discussed. This review aims to provide novel insights into the pathogenesis and therapeutic options for UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Long
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chenhan Mao
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yin Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
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4
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Sabljic N, Thachil J, Pantic N, Mitrovic M. Hemorrhage in acute promyelocytic leukemia-fibrinolysis in focus. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2024; 8:102499. [PMID: 39130779 PMCID: PMC11314889 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpth.2024.102499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Coagulopathy continues to be a major challenge in the management of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Novel differentiating agents have led to improved survival in these patients, but perturbations in coagulation continue to have an impact on their prognosis. The most worrisome of coagulation disturbances is bleeding, which is not an uncommon cause of early death in APL. Despite this, there are no consistent predictors of this high risk of fatal hemorrhage in APL. In this context, the fibrinolytic system has been identified as a crucial role player in APL coagulopathy. However, the current guidelines for the management of APL give little regard to tests that measure the fibrinolytic system while giving more importance to close monitoring of conventional coagulation tests and platelet counts to identify the coagulopathy. More recently, viscoelastic tests have come to usefulness in determining global hemostasis and have been widely used for "diagnosing" hyperfibrinolysis in selected clinical settings. In this review, we attempt to describe risk assessment models for diagnosing APL coagulopathy, describe the possible application of viscoelastic tests in this setting, and persuade clinicians to reconsider the use of antifibrinolytics to improve survival of APL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikica Sabljic
- Clinic of Hematology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jecko Thachil
- Department of Hematology, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nikola Pantic
- Clinic of Hematology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Mitrovic
- Clinic of Hematology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Favale G, Donnarumma F, Capone V, Della Torre L, Beato A, Carannante D, Verrilli G, Nawaz A, Grimaldi F, De Simone MC, Del Gaudio N, Megchelenbrink WL, Caraglia M, Benedetti R, Altucci L, Carafa V. Deregulation of New Cell Death Mechanisms in Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1657. [PMID: 38730609 PMCID: PMC11083363 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16091657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Hematological malignancies are among the top five most frequent forms of cancer in developed countries worldwide. Although the new therapeutic approaches have improved the quality and the life expectancy of patients, the high rate of recurrence and drug resistance are the main issues for counteracting blood disorders. Chemotherapy-resistant leukemic clones activate molecular processes for biological survival, preventing the activation of regulated cell death pathways, leading to cancer progression. In the past decade, leukemia research has predominantly centered around modulating the well-established processes of apoptosis (type I cell death) and autophagy (type II cell death). However, the development of therapy resistance and the adaptive nature of leukemic clones have rendered targeting these cell death pathways ineffective. The identification of novel cell death mechanisms, as categorized by the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD), has provided researchers with new tools to overcome survival mechanisms and activate alternative molecular pathways. This review aims to synthesize information on these recently discovered RCD mechanisms in the major types of leukemia, providing researchers with a comprehensive overview of cell death and its modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio Favale
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (G.F.); (F.D.); (V.C.); (L.D.T.); (A.B.); (D.C.); (G.V.); (A.N.); (N.D.G.); (W.L.M.); (M.C.); (R.B.); (L.A.)
| | - Federica Donnarumma
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (G.F.); (F.D.); (V.C.); (L.D.T.); (A.B.); (D.C.); (G.V.); (A.N.); (N.D.G.); (W.L.M.); (M.C.); (R.B.); (L.A.)
| | - Vincenza Capone
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (G.F.); (F.D.); (V.C.); (L.D.T.); (A.B.); (D.C.); (G.V.); (A.N.); (N.D.G.); (W.L.M.); (M.C.); (R.B.); (L.A.)
| | - Laura Della Torre
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (G.F.); (F.D.); (V.C.); (L.D.T.); (A.B.); (D.C.); (G.V.); (A.N.); (N.D.G.); (W.L.M.); (M.C.); (R.B.); (L.A.)
| | - Antonio Beato
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (G.F.); (F.D.); (V.C.); (L.D.T.); (A.B.); (D.C.); (G.V.); (A.N.); (N.D.G.); (W.L.M.); (M.C.); (R.B.); (L.A.)
| | - Daniela Carannante
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (G.F.); (F.D.); (V.C.); (L.D.T.); (A.B.); (D.C.); (G.V.); (A.N.); (N.D.G.); (W.L.M.); (M.C.); (R.B.); (L.A.)
| | - Giulia Verrilli
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (G.F.); (F.D.); (V.C.); (L.D.T.); (A.B.); (D.C.); (G.V.); (A.N.); (N.D.G.); (W.L.M.); (M.C.); (R.B.); (L.A.)
| | - Asmat Nawaz
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (G.F.); (F.D.); (V.C.); (L.D.T.); (A.B.); (D.C.); (G.V.); (A.N.); (N.D.G.); (W.L.M.); (M.C.); (R.B.); (L.A.)
- Biogem, Molecular Biology and Genetics Research Institute, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Francesco Grimaldi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Divisione di Ematologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | | | - Nunzio Del Gaudio
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (G.F.); (F.D.); (V.C.); (L.D.T.); (A.B.); (D.C.); (G.V.); (A.N.); (N.D.G.); (W.L.M.); (M.C.); (R.B.); (L.A.)
| | - Wouter Leonard Megchelenbrink
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (G.F.); (F.D.); (V.C.); (L.D.T.); (A.B.); (D.C.); (G.V.); (A.N.); (N.D.G.); (W.L.M.); (M.C.); (R.B.); (L.A.)
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (G.F.); (F.D.); (V.C.); (L.D.T.); (A.B.); (D.C.); (G.V.); (A.N.); (N.D.G.); (W.L.M.); (M.C.); (R.B.); (L.A.)
- Biogem, Molecular Biology and Genetics Research Institute, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Rosaria Benedetti
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (G.F.); (F.D.); (V.C.); (L.D.T.); (A.B.); (D.C.); (G.V.); (A.N.); (N.D.G.); (W.L.M.); (M.C.); (R.B.); (L.A.)
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (G.F.); (F.D.); (V.C.); (L.D.T.); (A.B.); (D.C.); (G.V.); (A.N.); (N.D.G.); (W.L.M.); (M.C.); (R.B.); (L.A.)
- Biogem, Molecular Biology and Genetics Research Institute, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “Gaetano Salvatore” (IEOS)-National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Napoli, Italy
- Programma di Epigenetica Medica, A.O.U. “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Carafa
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (G.F.); (F.D.); (V.C.); (L.D.T.); (A.B.); (D.C.); (G.V.); (A.N.); (N.D.G.); (W.L.M.); (M.C.); (R.B.); (L.A.)
- Biogem, Molecular Biology and Genetics Research Institute, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
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Tu H, Ren H, Jiang J, Shao C, Shi Y, Li P. Dying to Defend: Neutrophil Death Pathways and their Implications in Immunity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306457. [PMID: 38044275 PMCID: PMC10885667 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils, accounting for ≈70% of human peripheral leukocytes, are key cells countering bacterial and fungal infections. Neutrophil homeostasis involves a balance between cell maturation, migration, aging, and eventual death. Neutrophils undergo different death pathways depending on their interactions with microbes and external environmental cues. Neutrophil death has significant physiological implications and leads to distinct immunological outcomes. This review discusses the multifarious neutrophil death pathways, including apoptosis, NETosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis, and outlines their effects on immune responses and disease progression. Understanding the multifaceted aspects of neutrophil death, the intersections among signaling pathways and ramifications of immunity will help facilitate the development of novel therapeutic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyue Tu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionInstitutes for Translational MedicineSuzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123China
| | - Haoyu Ren
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionInstitutes for Translational MedicineSuzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123China
| | - Junjie Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionInstitutes for Translational MedicineSuzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123China
| | - Changshun Shao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionInstitutes for Translational MedicineSuzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123China
| | - Yufang Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionInstitutes for Translational MedicineSuzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123China
| | - Peishan Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionInstitutes for Translational MedicineSuzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123China
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7
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Borsellino B, Bravo-Perez C, Visconte V, Guarnera L. Thrombosis in Myeloid Malignancies: From CHIP to AML. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:2-12. [PMID: 38879768 DOI: 10.2174/011871529x307253240530060107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The development of myeloid malignancies is a multi-step process starting from pre-malignant stages. Large-scale studies on clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) identified this condition as a risk factor for developing hematologic malignancies, in particular myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In parallel, CHIP was found to confer an enhanced thrombotic risk, in particular for cardiovascular diseases. In a similar fashion, in recent years, alongside their life-threatening features, increasing attention has been drawn toward thrombotic complications in myeloid malignancies. Thus, the purpose of this review is to gather a growing body of evidence on incidence, pathogenesis and clinical impact of thrombosis in myeloid malignancies at every step of malignant progression, from CHIP to AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Borsellino
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Carlos Bravo-Perez
- Department of Translational Hematology & Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195, USA
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, University of Murcia, IMIB-Pascual Parrilla, CIBERER-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 30005, Murcia, Spain
| | - Valeria Visconte
- Department of Translational Hematology & Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195, USA
| | - Luca Guarnera
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy
- Department of Translational Hematology & Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195, USA
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8
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Zhang Z, Jin L, Liu L, Zhou M, Zhang X, Zhang L. The intricate relationship between autoimmunity disease and neutrophils death patterns: a love-hate story. Apoptosis 2023; 28:1259-1284. [PMID: 37486407 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01874-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are pathological conditions that result from the misidentification of self-antigens in immune system, leading to host tissue damage and destruction. These diseases can affect different organs and systems, including the blood, joints, skin, and muscles. Despite the significant progress made in comprehending the underlying pathogenesis, the complete mechanism of autoimmune disease is still not entirely understood. In autoimmune diseases, the innate immunocytes are not functioning properly: they are either abnormally activated or physically disabled. As a vital member of innate immunocyte, neutrophils and their modes of death are influenced by the microenvironment of different autoimmune diseases due to their short lifespan and diverse death modes. Related to neutrophil death pathways, apoptosis is the most frequent cell death form of neutrophil non-lytic morphology, delayed or aberrant apoptosis may contribute to the development anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). In addition, NETosis, necroptosis and pyroptosis which are parts of lytic morphology exacerbate disease progression through various mechanisms in autoimmune diseases. This review aims to summarize recent advancements in understanding neutrophil death modes in various autoimmune diseases and provide insights into the development of novel therapeutic approaches for autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
- Anti-Inflammatory Immune Drugs Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Lin Jin
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
- Anti-Inflammatory Immune Drugs Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Lianghu Liu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
- Anti-Inflammatory Immune Drugs Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Mengqi Zhou
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
- Anti-Inflammatory Immune Drugs Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xianzheng Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.
- Anti-Inflammatory Immune Drugs Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.
- Anti-Inflammatory Immune Drugs Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.
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9
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He L, Liu R, Yue H, Zhang X, Pan X, Sun Y, Shi J, Zhu G, Qin C, Guo Y. Interaction between neutrophil extracellular traps and cardiomyocytes contributes to atrial fibrillation progression. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:279. [PMID: 37491321 PMCID: PMC10368710 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01497-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a frequent arrhythmia associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are DNA fragments with cytoplasm proteins released from neutrophils, which are involved in various cardiovascular diseases. To elucidate the role of NETs in AF, we investigated the effect of NETs on AF progression and the secretion of NETs in AF. Results showed that: NETs induced the autophagic apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, and NETs also led to mitochondrial injury by promoting mitochondrial depolarization and ROS production. Ongoing tachy-pacing led to the structural loss of cardiomyocytes and provided potent stimuli to induce NETs secretion from neutrophils. In the meanwhile, increased Ang II in AF facilitated NETs formation through the upregulation of AKT phosphorylation, while it could not directly initiate NETosis as the autophagy was not induced. In vivo, DNase I was administrated to abrogate NETs formation, and AF-related fibrosis was ameliorated as expected. Correspondingly, the duration of the induced AF was reduced. Our study addresses the formation mechanism of NETs in AF and demonstrates the lethal effects of NETs on cardiomyocytes through the induction of mitochondrial injury and autophagic cell death, which comprehensively describes the positive feedback comprised of NETs and stimuli secreted by cardiomyocytes that sustains the progression of AF and AF related fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li He
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Cardiovascular Surgery Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ruiqi Liu
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Honghua Yue
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Cardiovascular Surgery Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoxin Zhang
- West China Center of Excellence for Pancreatitis, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohui Pan
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yutao Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Cardiovascular Surgery Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Cardiovascular Surgery Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Guonian Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chaoyi Qin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Cardiovascular Surgery Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yingqiang Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Cardiovascular Surgery Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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10
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Hermsen J, Hambley B. The Coagulopathy of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia: An Updated Review of Pathophysiology, Risk Stratification, and Clinical Management. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3477. [PMID: 37444587 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) has a well-established mechanism and a long-term prognosis that exceeds that of any other acute leukemia. These improving outcomes are due, in part, to all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO), two targeted and highly active agents in this disease. However, there remains a considerable morbidity and mortality risk in APL secondary to clinically significant hemorrhagic and/or thrombotic events. Prevention and treatment of these coagulopathic complications remain significant impediments to further progress in optimizing outcomes for patients with APL. Moreover, the relative rarity of APL hinders adequately powered randomized controlled trials for evaluating APL coagulopathy management strategies. This review draws from peer-reviewed works falling between initial descriptions of APL in 1957 and work published prior to January 2023 and provides an updated overview of the pathophysiology of hemorrhagic and thrombotic complications in APL, outlines risk stratification parameters, and compiles current clinical best practices. An improved understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms driving hemorrhage and thrombosis along with the completion of well-designed trials of management strategies will assist clinicians in developing interventions that mitigate these devastating complications in an otherwise largely curable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Hermsen
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Bryan Hambley
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 3125 Eden Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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11
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Poli V, Zanoni I. Neutrophil intrinsic and extrinsic regulation of NETosis in health and disease. Trends Microbiol 2023; 31:280-293. [PMID: 36344311 PMCID: PMC9974585 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) evolved to protect the host against microbial infections and are formed by a web-like structure of DNA that is decorated with antimicrobial effectors. Due to their potent inflammatory functions, NETs also cause tissue damage and can favor and/or aggravate inflammatory diseases. This multipronged activity of NETs requires that the induction, release, and degradation of NETs are tightly regulated. Here we describe the key pathways that are intrinsic to neutrophils and regulate NETosis, and we review the most recent findings on how neutrophil extrinsic factors participate in the formation of NETs. In particular, we emphasize how bystander cells contribute to modifying the capacity of neutrophils to undergo NETosis. Finally, we discuss how these neutrophil extrinsic processes can be harnessed to protect the host against the excessive inflammation elicited by uncontrolled NET release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Poli
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Immunology, Division of Gastroenterology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ivan Zanoni
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Immunology, Division of Gastroenterology, Boston, MA, USA.
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12
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Wen J, Xu F, Zhou Q, Shi L, Liu Y, Yue J, Zhang Y, Liang X. Effects of peripheral blood leukocyte count and tumor necrosis factor-alpha on early death in acute promyelocytic leukemia. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:27. [PMID: 36611025 PMCID: PMC9824944 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10499-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early death remains a major factor in survival in APL. We aimed to analyze the risk factors for differentiation syndrome and early death in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). METHODS The clinical data of APL patients who were newly diagnosed at Mianyang Central Hospital from January 2013 to January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS Eighty-six newly diagnosed APL patients (37 males and 49 females) were included in this study. The median age was 46 (17-75) years. Sixty-one patients (70.9%) had low/intermediate-risk APL, and 25 patients (29.1%) had high-risk APL. The incidence of differentiation syndrome (DS) was 62.4%. The multivariate analysis showed that a peak white blood cell (WBC) count ≥16 × 10^9/L was an independent risk factor (OR = 11.000, 95% CI: 2.830-42.756, P = 0.001) for DS in all APL patients, while a WBC count ≥10 × 10^9/L on Day 5 was an independent risk factor for DS in low-intermediate risk APL patients (OR = 9.114, 95% CI: 2.384-34.849, P = 0.001). There were 31 patients (36.5%) with mild DS and 22 patients (25.9%) with severe DS. The multivariate analysis showed that WBC count ≥23 × 10^9/L at chemotherapy was an independent risk factor for severe DS (OR = 10.500, 95% CI: 2.344-47.034, P = 0.002). The rate of early death (ED) was 24.4% (21/86). The multivariate analysis showed that male gender (OR = 7.578,95% CI:1.136-50.551, P = 0.036), HGB < 65 g/L (OR = 16.271,95% CI:2.012-131.594, P = 0.009) and WBC count ≥7 × 10^9/L on Day 3(OR = 23.359,95% CI:1.825-298.959, P = 0.015) were independent risk factors for ED. The WBC count at diagnosis, WBC count on Day 3 and WBC count on Day 5 had moderate positive correlations with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) at diagnosis, and the correlation coefficients were 0.648 (P = 0.012), 0.615 (P = 0.033), and 0.609 (P = 0.035), respectively. The WBC count had no correlation with IL-6. CONCLUSION During induction treatment, cytotoxic chemotherapy may need to be initiated to reduce the risk of DS for APL patients with a low-intermediate risk WBC count ≥10 × 10^9/L on Day 5 or for all patients with a peak WBC count ≥16 × 10^9/L. Patients with WBC > 7 × 10^9/L on Day 3 have a higher risk of ED. Leukocyte proliferation is associated with TNF-α rather than IL-6, and TNF-α may be a potential biomarker for predicting ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wen
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060Department of Hematology, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No 12. Changjia alley, Jingzhong Street, Fucheng district, Mianyang, 621000 China
| | - Fang Xu
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060Department of Hematology, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No 12. Changjia alley, Jingzhong Street, Fucheng district, Mianyang, 621000 China
| | - Qiaolin Zhou
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060Department of Hematology, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No 12. Changjia alley, Jingzhong Street, Fucheng district, Mianyang, 621000 China
| | - Lin Shi
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060Department of Hematology, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No 12. Changjia alley, Jingzhong Street, Fucheng district, Mianyang, 621000 China
| | - Yiping Liu
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060Department of Hematology, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No 12. Changjia alley, Jingzhong Street, Fucheng district, Mianyang, 621000 China
| | - Jing Yue
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060Department of Hematology, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No 12. Changjia alley, Jingzhong Street, Fucheng district, Mianyang, 621000 China
| | - Ya Zhang
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060Department of Hematology, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No 12. Changjia alley, Jingzhong Street, Fucheng district, Mianyang, 621000 China
| | - Xiaogong Liang
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060Department of Hematology, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No 12. Changjia alley, Jingzhong Street, Fucheng district, Mianyang, 621000 China
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13
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Jaboury S, Wang K, O’Sullivan KM, Ooi JD, Ho GY. NETosis as an oncologic therapeutic target: a mini review. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1170603. [PMID: 37143649 PMCID: PMC10151565 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1170603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) are a key form of pro-inflammatory cell death of neutrophils characterized by the extrusion of extracellular webs of DNA containing bactericidal killing enzymes. NETosis is heavily implicated as a key driver of host damage in autoimmune diseases where injurious release of proinflammatory enzymes damage surrounding tissue and releases 70 known autoantigens. Recent evidence shows that both neutrophils and NETosis have a role to play in carcinogenesis, both indirectly through triggering DNA damage through inflammation, and directly contributing to a pro-tumorigenic tumor microenvironment. In this mini-review, we summarize the current knowledge of the various mechanisms of interaction and influence between neutrophils, with particular attention to NETosis, and cancer cells. We will also highlight the potential avenues thus far explored where we can intercept these processes, with the aim of identifying promising prospective targets in cancer treatment to be explored in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jaboury
- Department of Oncology, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Kenny Wang
- School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Joshua Daniel Ooi
- School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gwo Yaw Ho
- Department of Oncology, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Gwo Yaw Ho,
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14
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Tanshinone IIA Improves Acute Gouty Arthritis in Rats through Regulating Neutrophil Activation and the NLRP3 Inflammasome. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:5851412. [PMID: 36578443 PMCID: PMC9792249 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5851412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the prevention and treatment effect of tanshinone IIA (TIIA) on acute gouty arthritis (AGA) and its mechanism. Methods The anti-AGA effect of TIIA was observed in vivo and in vitro. Neutrophils were isolated from the abdominal cavity of mice, and the anti-AGA effect of TIIA was investigated in a rat model of MSU-induced AGA. The pathological changes of the ankle joint tissues were assessed by H&E. Cytokine and chemokine expression were determined by ELISA and RT-qPCR. The NLRP3 inflammasome pathway protein levels in the ankle joint tissues were evaluated via western blotting. Neutrophil migration was evaluated in air pouch and transwell assays. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analysis evaluate the release of myeloperoxidase (MPO), neutrophil elastase (NE), and citrullination of histone H3 (CitH3). Beclin-1 and LC3B expressions were determined using western blotting and immunofluorescence. Key Findings. Treatment with TIIA alleviated synovial hyperplasia and neutrophil infiltration, regulated cytokine and chemokine expressions, and inhibited NLRP3 activation in AGA rats, neutrophil migration, MPO, NE, and CitH3 expression, and LC3B and Beclin-1 protein expression. Conclusions These results demonstrate that TIIA can effectively enhance AGA by focusing on the neutrophils and NLRP3 inflammasome, demonstrating that TIIA may act as a potential helpful agent for AGA.
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15
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Predictive values of plasma TNFα and IL-8 for intracranial hemorrhage in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia. Front Med 2022; 16:909-918. [PMID: 36094653 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-021-0890-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), if not identified promptly, could be fatal. It is the leading cause of failure of induction and early death. Thus, biomarkers that could promptly predict severe complications are critical. Here, cytokine differences between patients with APL with and without ICH were investigated to develop predictive models for this complication. The initial cytokine profiling using plasma samples from 39 patients and 18 healthy donors found a series of cytokines that were remarkedly different between patients with APL and healthy controls. The APL patients were subsequently divided into high and low white blood cell count groups. Results showed that tumor necrosis factor a and interleukin 8 (IL-8) were vital in distinguishing patients with APL who did or did not develop ICH. In addition, verification in 81 patients with APL demonstrated that the two cytokines were positively correlated with the cumulative incidence of ICH. Finally, in-vitro and in-vivo experimental evidence were provided to show that IL-8 influenced the migration of APL-derived NB4 cells and impaired the blood-brain barrier in PML/RARα positive blast-transplanted FVB/NJ mice. These assessments may facilitate the early warning of ICH and reduce future mortality levels in APL.
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16
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Hidalgo A, Libby P, Soehnlein O, Aramburu IV, Papayannopoulos V, Silvestre-Roig C. Neutrophil extracellular traps: from physiology to pathology. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:2737-2753. [PMID: 34648022 PMCID: PMC9586562 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
At the frontline of the host defence response, neutrophil antimicrobial functions have adapted to combat infections and injuries of different origins and magnitude. The release of web-like DNA structures named neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) constitutes an important mechanism by which neutrophils prevent pathogen dissemination or deal with microorganisms of a bigger size. At the same time, nuclear and granule proteins with microbicidal activity bind to these DNA structures promoting the elimination of entrapped pathogens. However, these toxic properties may produce unwanted effects in the host, when neutrophils uncontrollably release NETs upon persistent inflammation. As a consequence, NET accumulation can produce vessel occlusion, tissue damage, and prolonged inflammation associated with the progression and exacerbation of multiple pathologic conditions. This review outlines recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of NET release and functions in sterile disease. We also discuss mechanisms of physiological regulation and the importance of neutrophil heterogeneity in NET formation and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Hidalgo
- Area of Cell and Developmental Biology, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Peter Libby
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Oliver Soehnlein
- Institute for Experimental Pathology (ExPat), Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Straße 56, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (FyFa), Karolinska Institute, Solnavägen 1, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Iker Valle Aramburu
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Defence, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | | | - Carlos Silvestre-Roig
- Institute for Experimental Pathology (ExPat), Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Straße 56, 48149, Münster, Germany
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17
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Zhao J, Jin J. Neutrophil extracellular traps: New players in cancer research. Front Immunol 2022; 13:937565. [PMID: 36059520 PMCID: PMC9437524 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.937565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
NETs are chromatin-derived webs extruded from neutrophils as a result of either infection or sterile stimulation using chemicals, cytokines, or microbes. In addition to the classical role that NETs play in innate immunity against infection and injuries, NETs have been implicated extensively in cancer progression, metastatic dissemination, and therapy resistance. The purpose of this review is to describe recent investigations into NETs and the roles they play in tumor biology and to explore their potential as therapeutic targets in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Changsha Hospital Affiliated to Hunan Normal University/The Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Junjie Zhao, ; Jiaqi Jin,
| | - Jiaqi Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Junjie Zhao, ; Jiaqi Jin,
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18
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Shao BZ, Yao Y, Li JP, Chai NL, Linghu EQ. The Role of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:714357. [PMID: 34476216 PMCID: PMC8406742 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.714357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are vital components of innate and adaptive immunity. It is widely acknowledged that in various pathological conditions, neutrophils are activated and release condensed DNA strands, triggering the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs have been shown to be effective in fighting against microbial infections and modulating the pathogenesis and progression of diseases, including malignant tumors. This review describes the current knowledge on the biological characteristics of NETs. Additionally, the mechanisms of NETs in cancer are discussed, including the involvement of signaling pathways and the crosstalk between other cancer-related mechanisms, including inflammasomes and autophagy. Finally, based on previous and current studies, the roles of NET formation and the potential therapeutic targets and strategies related to NETs in several well-studied types of cancers, including breast, lung, colorectal, pancreatic, blood, neurological, and cutaneous cancers, are separately reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ning-Li Chai
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - En-Qiang Linghu
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Beijing, China
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19
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Donkel SJ, Wolters FJ, Ikram MA, de Maat MPM. Circulating Myeloperoxidase (MPO)-DNA complexes as marker for Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) levels and the association with cardiovascular risk factors in the general population. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253698. [PMID: 34379628 PMCID: PMC8357174 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are DNA scaffolds enriched with antimicrobial proteins. NETs have been implicated in the development of various diseases, such as cardiovascular disease. Here, we investigate the association of demographic and cardiovascular (CVD) risk factors with NETs in the general population. Material and methods Citrated plasma was collected from 6449 participants, aged ≥55 years, as part of the prospective population-based Rotterdam Study. NETs were quantified by measuring MPO-DNA complex using an ELISA. We used linear regression to determine the associations between MPO-DNA complex and age, sex, cardio-metabolic risk factors, and plasma markers of inflammation and coagulation. Results MPO-DNA complex levels were weakly associated with age (log difference per 10 year increase: -0.04 mAU/mL, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.06;-0.02), a history of coronary heart disease (yes versus no: -0.10 mAU/mL, 95% CI -0.17;-0.03), the use of lipid-lowering drugs (yes versus no: -0.06 mAU/mL, 95% CI -0.12;-0.01), and HDL-cholesterol (per mmol/l increase: -0.07 mAU/mL/, 95% CI -0.12;-0.03). Conclusions Older age, a history of coronary heart disease, the use of lipid-lowering drugs and higher HDL-cholesterol are weakly correlated with lower plasma levels of NETs. These findings show that the effect of CVD risk factors on NETs levels in a general population is only small and may not be of clinical relevance. This supports that NETs may play a more important role in an acute phase of disease than in a steady state situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J. Donkel
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J. Wolters
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Moniek P. M. de Maat
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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20
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Wang D, Sennari Y, Shen M, Morita K, Kanazawa T, Yoshida Y. ERK is involved in the differentiation and function of dimethyl sulfoxide-induced HL-60 neutrophil-like cells, which mimic inflammatory neutrophils. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 84:106510. [PMID: 32361568 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Reports show that particulate matter (PM) is related to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. We previously reported the biological effects of PM in vivo and the endocytosis of PM by primary neutrophils from mice. Cell lines can be used to elucidate the mechanism underlying immune responses in detail; however, information is limited regarding the functions of neutrophils after PM exposure. Here, we investigated the immune response of primary neutrophils and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)- and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-differentiated HL-60 (neutrophil-like) cells to PM. We showed that endocytosis by ATRA-HL cells was enhanced compared to that by DMSO-HL cells and that endocytosis in both cells was inhibited by dynamin inhibitors. A MEK inhibitor, but not p38 or JNK inhibitors, inhibited endocytosis. The MEK inhibitor also inhibited the differentiation of ATRA-HL cells to neutrophils. We identified that endocytosis of PM by neutrophils activated the MAPK ERK and p38 pathways. DMSO-HL and ATRA-HL cells both produced TNF-α and IL-8 after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or PM treatment, whereas non-differentiated HL-60 cells did not. MCP-1 production was enhanced in DMSO-HL cells after LPS or PM treatment, whereas it was high in ATRA-HL cells. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was enhanced after PM treatment to DMSO-HL cells. Further, extracellular extracts promoted endocytosis. The MEK inhibitor also reduced the production of TNF-α, IL-8, and MCP-1. Taken together, ERK activation is key for both differentiation and endocytosis, and DMSO-HL cells at day 6 can serve as a model of inflammatory neutrophils, such as bronchus neutrophils, and a good tool to analyze the molecular events involved in immune responses to PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Wang
- Department of Immunology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sennari
- Department of Immunology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Mengyue Shen
- Department of Immunology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Kentaro Morita
- Department of Immunology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Kanazawa
- Department of Immunology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yoshida
- Department of Immunology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan.
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21
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Liang X, Liu L, Wang Y, Guo H, Fan H, Zhang C, Hou L, Liu Z. Autophagy-driven NETosis is a double-edged sword - Review. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 126:110065. [PMID: 32200255 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular mechanism responsible for delivering protein aggregates or damaged organelles to lysosomes for degradation. It is also simultaneously a precise regulatory process, which is crucial for dealing with hunger, oxidative stress, and pathogen defense. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs), which form a part of a newly described bactericidal process, are reticular structures composed of a DNA backbone and multiple functional proteins, formed via a process known as NETosis. NETs exert their anti-infection activity by capturing pathogenic microorganisms, inhibiting their spread and inactivating virulence factors. However, NETs may also activate an immune response in non-infectious diseases, leading to tissue damage. Although the mechanism underlying this phenomenon is unclear, a large number of studies have suggested that autophagy may be involved. Autophagy-mediated NETs not only induce inflammation and tissue damage, but can also lead to cell senescence, malignant transformation, and cell death. Autophagy-dependent NETs also play a beneficial role in the hostwith respect to pathogen clearance and immune defense. Through careful review of the literature, we have found that the distinct roles of autophagy in NETosis may be dependent on the extent of autophagy and the specific manner in which it was induced. This article summarizes numerous recent studies, and reviews the role of autophagy-driven NETosis in various diseases, in the hope that this will lead to the development of more effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Liang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, 161005, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Qiqihar Hospital, Southern Medical University, Qiqihar, 161005, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, 161005, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Qiqihar Hospital, Southern Medical University, Qiqihar, 161005, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, 161005, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Qiqihar Hospital, Southern Medical University, Qiqihar, 161005, China
| | - Haipeng Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, 161005, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Qiqihar Hospital, Southern Medical University, Qiqihar, 161005, China
| | - Hua Fan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, 161005, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Qiqihar Hospital, Southern Medical University, Qiqihar, 161005, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, 161005, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Qiqihar Hospital, Southern Medical University, Qiqihar, 161005, China
| | - Lili Hou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, 161005, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Qiqihar Hospital, Southern Medical University, Qiqihar, 161005, China
| | - Zhibo Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, 161005, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Qiqihar Hospital, Southern Medical University, Qiqihar, 161005, China
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22
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Shrestha S, Lee JM, Hong CW. Autophagy in neutrophils. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 24:1-10. [PMID: 31908569 PMCID: PMC6940497 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2020.24.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved intracellular degradation and energy-recycling mechanism that contributes to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Extensive researches over the past decades have defined the role of autophagy innate immune cells. In this review, we describe the current state of knowledge regarding the role of autophagy in neutrophil biology and a picture of molecular mechanism underlying autophagy in neutrophils. Neutrophils are professional phagocytes that comprise the first line of defense against pathogen. Autophagy machineries are highly conserved in neutrophils. Autophagy is not only involved in generalized function of neutrophils such as differentiation in bone marrow but also plays crucial role effector functions of neutrophils such as granule formation, degranulation, neutrophil extracellular traps release, cytokine production, bactericidal activity and controlling inflammation. This review outlines the current understanding of autophagy in neutrophils and provides insight towards identification of novel therapeutics targeting autophagy in neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeeb Shrestha
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Jae Man Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Chang-Won Hong
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
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23
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Moosavi MA, Djavaheri-Mergny M. Autophagy: New Insights into Mechanisms of Action and Resistance of Treatment in Acute Promyelocytic leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3559. [PMID: 31330838 PMCID: PMC6678259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is one of the main cellular catabolic pathways controlling a variety of physiological processes, including those involved in self-renewal, differentiation and death. While acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells manifest low levels of expression of autophagy genes associated with reduced autophagy activity, the introduction of all-trans retinoid acid (ATRA)-a differentiating agent currently used in clinical settings-restores autophagy in these cells. ATRA-induced autophagy is involved in granulocytes differentiation through a mechanism that involves among others the degradation of the PML-RARα oncoprotein. Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is another anti-cancer agent that promotes autophagy-dependent clearance of promyelocytic leukemia retinoic acid receptor alpha gene (PML-RARα) in APL cells. Hence, enhancing autophagy may have therapeutic benefits in maturation-resistant APL cells. However, the role of autophagy in response to APL therapy is not so simple, because some autophagy proteins have been shown to play a pro-survival role upon ATRA and ATO treatment, and both agents can activate ETosis, a type of cell death mediated by the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (ETs). This review highlights recent findings on the impact of autophagy on the mechanisms of action of ATRA and ATO in APL cells. We also discuss the potential role of autophagy in the development of resistance to treatment, and of differentiation syndrome in APL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Moosavi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran 14965/161, Iran
| | - Mojgan Djavaheri-Mergny
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris 75006, France.
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif 94805, France.
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24
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Therapeutic Modulation of Autophagy in Leukaemia and Lymphoma. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020103. [PMID: 30704144 PMCID: PMC6406467 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Haematopoiesis is a tightly orchestrated process where a pool of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) with high self-renewal potential can give rise to both lymphoid and myeloid lineages. The HSPCs pool is reduced with ageing resulting in few HSPC clones maintaining haematopoiesis thereby reducing blood cell diversity, a phenomenon called clonal haematopoiesis. Clonal expansion of HSPCs carrying specific genetic mutations leads to increased risk for haematological malignancies. Therefore, it comes as no surprise that hematopoietic tumours develop in higher frequency in elderly people. Unfortunately, elderly patients with leukaemia or lymphoma still have an unsatisfactory prognosis compared to younger ones highlighting the need to develop more efficient therapies for this group of patients. Growing evidence indicates that macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) is essential for health and longevity. This review is focusing on the role of autophagy in normal haematopoiesis as well as in leukaemia and lymphoma development. Attenuated autophagy may support early hematopoietic neoplasia whereas activation of autophagy in later stages of tumour development and in response to a variety of therapies rather triggers a pro-tumoral response. Novel insights into the role of autophagy in haematopoiesis will be discussed in light of designing new autophagy modulating therapies in hematopoietic cancers.
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25
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Abstract
Leukemic cells release their nuclear contents into the extracellular space upon activation. The released nuclear contents, called extracellular traps, can activate the contact system of coagulation. This study accessed the extent of contact system activation, the levels of extracellular traps, and coagulation activation in hematologic malignancies including acute leukemia. In 154 patients with hematologic malignancies (acute leukemia, n = 29; myelodysplastic syndrome, n = 20; myeloproliferative neoplasms, n = 69; plasma cell myeloma, n = 36) and 48 normal controls, the levels of coagulation factors (fibrinogen and factor VII, VIII, IX, and XII), D-dimer, thrombin generation, extracellular trap markers (histone-DNA complex, cell-free dsDNA, leukocyte elastase), and contact system markers (activated factor XII [XIIa], high-molecular-weight kininogen, prekallikrein, bradykinin) were measured. Patients with acute leukemia showed the highest levels of peak thrombin, extracellular trap markers, and factor XIIa. Factor XIIa level was significantly associated with the presence of acute leukemia. The histone-DNA complex and cell-free dsDNA were revealed as significant associated factors with the factor XIIa level. Three markers of extracellular traps and two markers of thrombin generation significantly contributed to the hemostatic abnormalities in hematologic malignancies. Contact system was activated in acute leukemia and its activation was significantly associated with the extent of extracellular trap formation. This finding suggests that extracellular traps might be a major source of contact system activation and therapeutic strategies targeting extracellular trap formation or contact system activation may be beneficial in acute leukemia.
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26
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Skendros P, Mitroulis I, Ritis K. Autophagy in Neutrophils: From Granulopoiesis to Neutrophil Extracellular Traps. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:109. [PMID: 30234114 PMCID: PMC6131573 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved intracellular degradation system aiming to maintain cell homeostasis in response to cellular stress. At physiological states, basal or constitutive level of autophagy activity is usually low; however, it is markedly up-regulated in response to oxidative stress, nutrient starvation, and various immunological stimuli including pathogens. Many studies over the last years have indicated the implication of autophagy in a plethora of cell populations and functions. In this review, we focus on the role of autophagy in the biology of neutrophils. Early studies provided a link between autophagy and neutrophil cell death, a process essential for resolution of inflammation. Since then, several lines of evidence both in the human system and in murine models propose a critical role for autophagy in neutrophil-driven inflammation and defense against pathogens. Autophagy is essential for major neutrophil functions, including degranulation, reactive oxygen species production, and release of neutrophil extracellular traps. Going back to neutrophil generation in the bone marrow, autophagy plays a critical role in myelopoiesis, driving the differentiation of progenitor cells of the myeloid lineage toward neutrophils. Taken together, in this review we discuss the functional role of autophagy in neutrophils throughout their life, from their production in the bone marrow to inflammatory responses and NETotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Skendros
- Laboratory of Molecular Hematology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.,First Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Ioannis Mitroulis
- Laboratory of Molecular Hematology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.,First Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.,Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases, Dresden, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Ritis
- Laboratory of Molecular Hematology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.,First Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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27
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Manda-Handzlik A, Bystrzycka W, Wachowska M, Sieczkowska S, Stelmaszczyk-Emmel A, Demkow U, Ciepiela O. The influence of agents differentiating HL-60 cells toward granulocyte-like cells on their ability to release neutrophil extracellular traps. Immunol Cell Biol 2018; 96:413-425. [PMID: 29380901 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Studies on neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are challenging as neutrophils live shortly and easily become activated. Thus, availability of a cell line model closely resembling the functions of peripheral blood neutrophils would be advantageous. Our purpose was to find a compound that most effectively differentiates human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells toward granulocyte-like cells able to release NETs. HL-60 cells were differentiated with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or dimethylformamide (DMF) and stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or calcium ionophore A23187 (CI). Cell differentiation, phagocytosis and calcium influx were analyzed by flow cytometry. Reactive oxygen species production and NETs release were measured fluorometrically and analyzed microscopically. LC3-II accumulation and histone 3 citrullination were analyzed by western blot. ATRA most effectively differentiated HL-60 cells toward granulocyte-like cells. ATRA-dHL-60 cells released NETs only upon PMA stimulation, DMSO-dHL-60 cells only post CI stimulation, while DMF-dHL-60 cells formed NETs in response to both stimuli. Oxidative burst was induced in ATRA-, DMSO- and DMF-dHL-60 cells post PMA stimulation and only in DMF-dHL-60 cells post CI stimulation. Increased histone 3 citrullination was observed in stimulated DMSO- and DMF-, but not in ATRA-dHL-60 cells. The calcium influx was diminished in ATRA-dHL-60 cells. Significant increase in autophagosomes formation was observed only in PMA-stimulated DMF-dHL-60 cells. Phagocytic index was higher in ATRA-dHL-60 cells than in control, DMSO- and DMF-dHL-60 cells. We conclude that ATRA, DMSO and DMF differentiate HL-60 in different mechanisms. DMF is the best stimulus for HL-60 cell differentiation for NETs studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Manda-Handzlik
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Weronika Bystrzycka
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Wachowska
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sandra Sieczkowska
- Student Scientific Group at the Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Stelmaszczyk-Emmel
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Demkow
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olga Ciepiela
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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28
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Arsenic trioxide promoting ETosis in acute promyelocytic leukemia through mTOR-regulated autophagy. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:75. [PMID: 29362482 PMCID: PMC5833714 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0018-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite the high efficacy and safety of arsenic trioxide (ATO) in treating acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and eradicating APL leukemia-initiating cells (LICs), the mechanism underlying its selective cytotoxicity remains elusive. We have recently demonstrated that APL cells undergo a novel cell death program, termed ETosis, through autophagy. However, the role of ETosis in ATO-induced APL LIC eradication remains unclear. For this study, we evaluated the effects of ATO on ETosis and the contributions of drug-induced ETosis to APL LIC eradication. In NB4 cells, ATO primarily increased ETosis at moderate concentrations (0.5–0.75 μM) and stimulated apoptosis at higher doses (1.0–2.0 μM). Furthermore, ATO induced ETosis through mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-dependent autophagy, which was partially regulated by reactive oxygen species. Additionally, rapamycin-enhanced ATO-induced ETosis in NB4 cells and APL cells from newly diagnosed and relapsed patients. In contrast, rapamycin had no effect on apoptosis in these cells. We also noted that PML/RARA oncoprotein was effectively cleared with this combination. Intriguingly, activation of autophagy with rapamycin-enhanced APL LIC eradication clearance by ATO in vitro and in a xenograft APL model, while inhibition of autophagy spared clonogenic cells. Our current results show that ATO exerts antileukemic effects at least partially through ETosis and targets LICs primarily through ETosis. Addition of drugs that target the ETotic pathway could be a promising therapeutic strategy to further eradicate LICs and reduce relapse.
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29
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Abstract
Neutrophils are innate immune phagocytes that have a central role in immune defence. Our understanding of the role of neutrophils in pathogen clearance, immune regulation and disease pathology has advanced dramatically in recent years. Web-like chromatin structures known as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been at the forefront of this renewed interest in neutrophil biology. The identification of molecules that modulate the release of NETs has helped to refine our view of the role of NETs in immune protection, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and cancer. Here, I discuss the key findings and concepts that have thus far shaped the field of NET biology.
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30
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APL: Oh! What a tangled web we weave. Blood 2017; 129:1744-1745. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-01-761619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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31
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Promyelocytic extracellular chromatin exacerbates coagulation and fibrinolysis in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Blood 2017; 129:1855-1864. [PMID: 28053193 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-09-739334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite routine treatment of unselected acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) with all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), early death because of hemorrhage remains unacceptably common, and the mechanism underlying this complication remains elusive. We have recently demonstrated that APL cells undergo a novel cell death program, termed ETosis, which involves release of extracellular chromatin. However, the role of promyelocytic extracellular chromatin in APL-associated coagulation remains unclear. Our objectives were to identify the novel role of ATRA-promoted extracellular chromatin in inducing a hypercoagulable and hyperfibrinolytic state in APL and to evaluate its interaction with fibrin and endothelial cells (ECs). Results from a series of coagulation assays have shown that promyelocytic extracellular chromatin increases thrombin and plasmin generation, causes a shortening of plasma clotting time of APL cells, and increases fibrin formation. DNase I but not anti-tissue factor antibody could inhibit these effects. Immunofluorescence staining showed that promyelocytic extracellular chromatin and phosphatidylserine on APL cells provide platforms for fibrin deposition and render clots more resistant to fibrinolysis. Additionally, coincubation assays revealed that promyelocytic extracellular chromatin is cytotoxic to ECs, converting them to a procoagulant phenotype. This cytotoxity was blocked by DNase I by 20% or activated protein C by 31%. Our current results thus delineate the pathogenic role of promyelocytic extracellular chromatin in APL coagulopathy. Furthermore, the remaining coagulation disturbance in high-risk APL patients after ATRA administration may be treatable by intrinsic pathway inhibition via accelerating extracellular chromatin degradation.
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