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Mendes-Silva AP, Nikolova YS, Rajji TK, Kennedy JL, Diniz BS, Gonçalves VF, Vieira EL. Exosome-associated mitochondrial DNA in late-life depression: Implications for cognitive decline in older adults. J Affect Disord 2024; 362:217-224. [PMID: 38945405 PMCID: PMC11316645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disrupted cellular communication, inflammatory responses and mitochondrial dysfunction are consistently observed in late-life depression (LLD). Exosomes (EXs) mediate cellular communication by transporting molecules, including mitochondrial DNA (EX-mtDNA), playing critical role in immunoregulation alongside tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Changes in EX-mtDNA are indicators of impaired mitochondrial function and might increase vulnerability to adverse health outcomes. Our study examined EX-mtDNA levels and integrity, exploring their associations with levels of TNF receptors I and II (TNFRI and TNFRII), and clinical outcomes in LLD. METHODS Ninety older adults (50 LLD and 40 controls (HC)) participated in the study. Blood was collected and exosomes were isolated using size-exclusion chromatography. DNA was extracted and EX-mtDNA levels and deletion were assessed using qPCR. Plasma TNFRI and TNFRII levels were quantified by multiplex immunoassay. Correlation analysis explored relationships between EX-mtDNA, clinical outcomes, and inflammatory markers. RESULTS Although no differences were observed in EX-mtDNA levels between groups, elevated levels correlated with poorer cognitive performance (r = -0.328, p = 0.002) and increased TNFRII levels (r = 0.367, p = 0.004). LLD exhibited higher deletion rates (F(83,1) = 4.402, p = 0.039), with a trend remaining after adjusting for covariates (p = 0.084). Deletion correlated with poorer cognitive performance (r = -0.335, p = 0.002). No other associations were found. LIMITATION Cross-sectional study with a small number of participants from a specialized geriatric psychiatry treatment center. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that EX-mtDNA holds promise as an indicator of cognitive outcomes in LLD. Additional research is needed to further comprehend the role of EX-mtDNA levels/integrity in LLD, paving the way for its clinical application in the future.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics
- DNA, Mitochondrial/blood
- Male
- Female
- Aged
- Cognitive Dysfunction/blood
- Cognitive Dysfunction/genetics
- Exosomes/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/blood
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/blood
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/genetics
- Aged, 80 and over
- Depression/blood
- Depression/genetics
- Case-Control Studies
- Biomarkers/blood
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Mendes-Silva
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
| | - Yuliya S Nikolova
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tarek K Rajji
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Geriatric Psychiatry Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James L Kennedy
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Breno S Diniz
- UConn Center on Aging & Department of Psychiatry, UConn School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, USA
| | - Vanessa F Gonçalves
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Erica L Vieira
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Geriatric Psychiatry Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Situmorang PC, Ilyas S, Nugraha SE, Syahputra RA, Nik Abd Rahman NMA. Prospects of compounds of herbal plants as anticancer agents: a comprehensive review from molecular pathways. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1387866. [PMID: 39104398 PMCID: PMC11298448 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1387866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer refers to the proliferation and multiplication of aberrant cells inside the human body, characterized by their capacity to proliferate and infiltrate various anatomical regions. Numerous biochemical pathways and signaling molecules have an impact on the cancer auto biogenesis process. The regulation of crucial cellular processes necessary for cell survival and proliferation, which are triggered by phytochemicals, is significantly influenced by signaling pathways. These pathways or components are regulated by phytochemicals. Medicinal plants are a significant reservoir of diverse anticancer medications employed in chemotherapy. The anticancer effects of phytochemicals are mediated by several methods, including induction of apoptosis, cessation of the cell cycle, inhibition of kinases, and prevention of carcinogenic substances. This paper analyzes the phytochemistry of seven prominent plant constituents, namely, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, phenols, steroids, terpenoids, and saponins, focusing on the involvement of the MAPK/ERK pathway, TNF signaling, death receptors, p53, p38, and actin dynamics. Hence, this review has examined a range of phytochemicals, encompassing their structural characteristics and potential anticancer mechanisms. It has underscored the significance of plant-derived bioactive compounds in the prevention of cancer, utilizing diverse molecular pathways. In addition, this endeavor also seeks to incentivize scientists to carry out clinical trials on anticancer medications derived from plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putri Cahaya Situmorang
- Study Program of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Syafruddin Ilyas
- Study Program of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Sony Eka Nugraha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Rony Abdi Syahputra
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Nik Mohd Afizan Nik Abd Rahman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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Hernández-Bazán S, Mata-Espinosa D, Ramos-Espinosa O, Lozano-Ordaz V, Barrios-Payán J, López-Casillas F, Hernández-Pando R. Adenoviral Vector Codifying for TNF as a Co-Adjuvant Therapy against Multi-Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2934. [PMID: 38138078 PMCID: PMC10745769 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the main causal agent of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB); the treatment of this disease is long and involves a mix of at least four different antibiotics that frequently lead to abandonment, favoring the surge of drug-resistant mycobacteria (MDR-TB), whose treatment becomes more aggressive, being longer and more toxic. Thus, the search for novel strategies for treatment that improves time or efficiency is of relevance. In this work, we used a murine model of pulmonary TB produced by the MDR-TB strain to test the efficiency of gene therapy with adenoviral vectors codifying TNF (AdTNF), a pro-inflammatory cytokine that has protective functions in TB by inducing apoptosis, granuloma formation and expression of other Th1-like cytokines. When compared to the control group that received an adenoviral vector that codifies for the green fluorescent protein (AdGFP), a single dose of AdTNF at the chronic active stage of the disease produced total survival, decreasing bacterial load and tissue damage (pneumonia), which correlated with an increase in cells expressing IFN-γ, iNOS and TNF in pneumonic areas and larger granulomas that efficiently contain and eliminate mycobacteria. Second-line antibiotic treatment against MDR-TB plus AdTNF gene therapy reduced bacterial load faster within a week of treatment compared to empty vector plus antibiotics or antibiotics alone, suggesting that AdTNF is a new potential type of treatment against MDR-TB that can shorten second-line chemotherapy but which requires further experimentation in other animal models (non-human primates) that develop a more similar disease to human pulmonary TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujhey Hernández-Bazán
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (S.H.-B.); (D.M.-E.); (O.R.-E.); (V.L.-O.); (J.B.-P.)
| | - Dulce Mata-Espinosa
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (S.H.-B.); (D.M.-E.); (O.R.-E.); (V.L.-O.); (J.B.-P.)
| | - Octavio Ramos-Espinosa
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (S.H.-B.); (D.M.-E.); (O.R.-E.); (V.L.-O.); (J.B.-P.)
| | - Vasti Lozano-Ordaz
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (S.H.-B.); (D.M.-E.); (O.R.-E.); (V.L.-O.); (J.B.-P.)
| | - Jorge Barrios-Payán
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (S.H.-B.); (D.M.-E.); (O.R.-E.); (V.L.-O.); (J.B.-P.)
| | - Fernando López-Casillas
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (S.H.-B.); (D.M.-E.); (O.R.-E.); (V.L.-O.); (J.B.-P.)
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Siegmund D, Zaitseva O, Wajant H. Fn14 and TNFR2 as regulators of cytotoxic TNFR1 signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1267837. [PMID: 38020877 PMCID: PMC10657838 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1267837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor 1 (TNFR1), TNFR2 and fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14) belong to the TNF receptor superfamily (TNFRSF). From a structural point of view, TNFR1 is a prototypic death domain (DD)-containing receptor. In contrast to other prominent death receptors, such as CD95/Fas and the two TRAIL death receptors DR4 and DR5, however, liganded TNFR1 does not instruct the formation of a plasma membrane-associated death inducing signaling complex converting procaspase-8 into highly active mature heterotetrameric caspase-8 molecules. Instead, liganded TNFR1 recruits the DD-containing cytoplasmic signaling proteins TRADD and RIPK1 and empowers these proteins to trigger cell death signaling by cytosolic complexes after their release from the TNFR1 signaling complex. The activity and quality (apoptosis versus necroptosis) of TNF-induced cell death signaling is controlled by caspase-8, the caspase-8 regulatory FLIP proteins, TRAF2, RIPK1 and the RIPK1-ubiquitinating E3 ligases cIAP1 and cIAP2. TNFR2 and Fn14 efficiently recruit TRAF2 along with the TRAF2 binding partners cIAP1 and cIAP2 and can thereby limit the availability of these molecules for other TRAF2/cIAP1/2-utilizing proteins including TNFR1. Accordingly, at the cellular level engagement of TNFR2 or Fn14 inhibits TNFR1-induced RIPK1-mediated effects reaching from activation of the classical NFκB pathway to induction of apoptosis and necroptosis. In this review, we summarize the effects of TNFR2- and Fn14-mediated depletion of TRAF2 and the cIAP1/2 on TNFR1 signaling at the molecular level and discuss the consequences this has in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Harald Wajant
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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5
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Chen Y, Jiang M, Chen X. Therapeutic potential of TNFR2 agonists: a mechanistic perspective. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1209188. [PMID: 37662935 PMCID: PMC10469862 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1209188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
TNFR2 agonists have been investigated as potential therapies for inflammatory diseases due to their ability to activate and expand immunosuppressive CD4+Foxp3+ Treg cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Despite TNFR2 being predominantly expressed in Treg cells at high levels, activated effector T cells also exhibit a certain degree of TNFR2 expression. Consequently, the role of TNFR2 signaling in coordinating immune or inflammatory responses under different pathological conditions is complex. In this review article, we analyze possible factors that may determine the therapeutic outcomes of TNFR2 agonism, including the levels of TNFR2 expression on different cell types, the biological properties of TNFR2 agonists, and disease status. Based on recent progress in the understanding of TNFR2 biology and the study of TNFR2 agonistic agents, we discuss the future direction of developing TNFR2 agonists as a therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Mengmeng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Ministry of Education (MoE) Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Macau, Macau SAR, China
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6
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Kim BH, Hadas E, Kelschenbach J, Chao W, Gu CJ, Potash MJ, Volsky DJ. CCL2 is required for initiation but not persistence of HIV infection mediated neurocognitive disease in mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6577. [PMID: 37085605 PMCID: PMC10121554 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33491-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV enters the brain within days of infection causing neurocognitive impairment (NCI) in up to half of infected people despite suppressive antiretroviral therapy. The virus is believed to enter the brain in infected monocytes through chemotaxis to the major monocyte chemokine, CCL2, but the roles of CCL2 in established NCI are not fully defined. We addressed this question during infection of conventional and CCL2 knockout mice with EcoHIV in which NCI can be verified in behavioral tests. EcoHIV enters mouse brain within 5 days of infection, but NCI develops gradually with established cognitive disease starting 25 days after infection. CCL2 knockout mice infected by intraperitoneal injection of virus failed to develop brain infection and NCI. However, when EcoHIV was directly injected into the brain, CCL2 knockout mice developed NCI. Knockout of CCL2 or its principal receptor, CCR2, slightly reduced macrophage infection in culture. Treatment of mice prior to and during EcoHIV infection with the CCL2 transcriptional inhibitor, bindarit, prevented brain infection and NCI and reduced macrophage infection. In contrast, bindarit treatment of mice 4 weeks after infection affected neither brain virus burden nor NCI. Based on these findings we propose that HIV enters the brain mainly through infected monocytes but that resident brain cells are sufficient to maintain NCI. These findings suggest that NCI therapy must act within the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boe-Hyun Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1468 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Eran Hadas
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1468 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Jennifer Kelschenbach
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1468 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Wei Chao
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1468 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Chao-Jiang Gu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1468 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mary Jane Potash
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1468 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - David J Volsky
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1468 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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Wang X, Lu M, Gu H, Xiao T, Hu G, Luo M, Guo X, Xia Y. Conjugation of the Fn14 Ligand to a SMAC Mimetic Selectively Suppresses Experimental Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Mice. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:242-253.e6. [PMID: 36063885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The mimetic of SMAC induced cell death in cancers by depleting the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins. Recent studies showed that Fn14 is overexpressed in the cells of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), providing a promising candidate target for selective antitumor therapy. In this study, we conjugated a small-molecule SMAC mimetic MV1 to the ligand of Fn14, TWEAK. Our results showed that TWEAK‒MV1 conjugate retained adequate binding specificity to Fn14-positive SCC cells in vitro and accumulated selectively in tumor tissue of cutaneous SCC xenografts mice after intraperitoneal administration. This conjugation compound exhibited remarkable effectiveness in suppressing tumor growth and extending overall survival without causing significant side effects in SCC xenograft mice. Moreover, TWEAK‒MV1 conjugate greatly enhanced both apoptotic and necroptotic cell death both in vitro and in vivo, accompanied by a cellular inhibitor of apoptosis proteins degradation as well as activation of receptor-interacting protein kinase. Taken together, our preclinical data suggested that the designed conjugation compound of TWEAK and MV1 might provide a potential therapeutic strategy for cutaneous SCC with improved antitumor efficacy and negligible toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mei Lu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hanjiang Gu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tong Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guanglei Hu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mai Luo
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xingyi Guo
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennesse, USA
| | - Yumin Xia
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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Li X, Zhang Y, Wang J, Li Y, Wang Y, Shi F, Hong L, Li L, Diao H. zVAD alleviates experimental autoimmune hepatitis in mice by increasing the sensitivity of macrophage to TNFR1-dependent necroptosis. J Autoimmun 2022; 133:102904. [PMID: 36108506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is characterized by hepatocyte destruction, leading to lymphocyte and macrophage accumulation in the liver. Macrophages are key drivers of AIH. A membrane-permeable pan-caspase inhibitor, Z-Val-Ala-DL-Asp-fluoromethylketone (zVAD), induces macrophage necroptosis in response to certain stimuli. However, the function of zVAD in the pathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis remains elusive. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect and explore the underlying mechanisms of zVAD against AIH. METHODS Murine acute autoimmune liver injury was established by concanavalin A (ConA) injection. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were used in adoptive cell transfer experiments. The mechanism of action of zVAD was examined using macrophage cell lines and BMDMs. Phosphorylation of mixed lineage kinase domain-like proteins was used as a marker of necroptosis. RESULTS Treatment with zVAD increased necroptosis, reduced inflammatory cytokine production, and alleviated liver injury in a ConA-induced liver injury mouse model. Regardless of zVAD treatment, macrophage deletion resulted in reduced neutrophil accumulation and relieved ConA-induced liver injury. In vitro studies have shown that zVAD pretreatment promotes lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage necroptosis and leads to reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine secretion. Transferring zVAD-pretreated BMDMs in mice notably reduced ConA-associated liver inflammation and injury, resulting in lower mortality than that observed after transferring normal BMDMs. Mechanistically, zVAD treatment increased the expression of tumour necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-1 and interleukin (IL)-10 in macrophages. TNFR1 expression decreased upon transfection with IL-10-specific small interfering RNAs and blocking of TNFR1 decreased macrophage necroptosis. CONCLUSIONS We found that zVAD alleviated ConA-induced liver injury by increasing the sensitivity of macrophages to necroptosis via IL-10-induced TNFR1 expression. This study provides new insights into the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis via zVAD-induced macrophage necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinping Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuyu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuchong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fan Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang Hong
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China.
| | - Hongyan Diao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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Hou S, Wu H, Chen S, Li X, Zhang Z, Cheng Y, Chen Y, He M, An Q, Man C, Du L, Chen Q, Wang F. Bovine skin fibroblasts mediated immune responses to defend against bovine Acinetobacter baumannii infection. Microb Pathog 2022; 173:105806. [PMID: 36179976 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is an opportunistic pathogen which can cause pneumonia, sepsis and infections of skin and soft tissue. The host mostly relies on innate immune responses to defend against the infection of A. baumannii. Currently, it has been confirmed that fibroblasts involved in innate immune responses. Therefore, to explore how bovine skin fibroblasts mediated immune responses to defend against A. baumannii infection, we analyzed the differential transcripts data of bovine skin fibroblasts infected with bovine A. baumannii by RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). We found that there were 3014 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 14h with bovine A. baumannii infection, including 1940 up-regulated genes and 1074 down-regulated genes. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment showed that ubiquitin protein ligase binding, IL-6 receptor complex, ERK1 and ERK2 cascade terms were mainly enriched. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment showed that innate immune pathways were significantly enriched, such as TNF, IL-17, NLR, MAPK, NF-κB, endocytosis, apoptosis and HIF-1 signaling pathways. Furthermore, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) revealed that GO terms such as chemokine receptor binding and Th17 cell differentiation and KEGG pathways such as TLR and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathways were up-regulated. In addition, CASP3 and JUN were the core functional genes of apoptosis, while IL-6, ERBB2, EGFR, CHUK and MAPK8 were the core functional genes of immunity by Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) analysis. Our study provided an in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms of fibroblasts against A. baumannii infection. It also lays the foundation for the development of new therapeutic targets for the diseases caused by A. baumannii infection and formulates effective therapeutic strategies for the prevention and control of the diseases caused by A. baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeng Hou
- Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China.
| | - Haotian Wu
- Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China.
| | - Si Chen
- Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China.
| | - Xubo Li
- Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China.
| | - Zhenxing Zhang
- Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China.
| | - Yiwen Cheng
- Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China.
| | - Meirong He
- Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China.
| | - Qi An
- Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China.
| | - Churiga Man
- Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China.
| | - Li Du
- Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China.
| | - Qiaoling Chen
- Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China.
| | - Fengyang Wang
- Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China.
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10
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Vargas JG, Wagner J, Shaikh H, Lang I, Medler J, Anany M, Steinfatt T, Mosca JP, Haack S, Dahlhoff J, Büttner-Herold M, Graf C, Viera EA, Einsele H, Wajant H, Beilhack A. A TNFR2-Specific TNF Fusion Protein With Improved In Vivo Activity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:888274. [PMID: 35769484 PMCID: PMC9234581 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.888274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-2 (TNFR2) has attracted considerable interest as a target for immunotherapy. Indeed, using oligomeric fusion proteins of single chain-encoded TNFR2-specific TNF mutants (scTNF80), expansion of regulatory T cells and therapeutic activity could be demonstrated in various autoinflammatory diseases, including graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). With the aim to improve the in vivo availability of TNFR2-specific TNF fusion proteins, we used here the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn)-interacting IgG1 molecule as an oligomerizing building block and generated a new TNFR2 agonist with improved serum retention and superior in vivo activity. Methods Single-chain encoded murine TNF80 trimers (sc(mu)TNF80) were fused to the C-terminus of an in mice irrelevant IgG1 molecule carrying the N297A mutation which avoids/minimizes interaction with Fcγ-receptors (FcγRs). The fusion protein obtained (irrIgG1(N297A)-sc(mu)TNF80), termed NewSTAR2 (New selective TNF-based agonist of TNF receptor 2), was analyzed with respect to activity, productivity, serum retention and in vitro and in vivo activity. STAR2 (TNC-sc(mu)TNF80 or selective TNF-based agonist of TNF receptor 2), a well-established highly active nonameric TNFR2-specific variant, served as benchmark. NewSTAR2 was assessed in various in vitro and in vivo systems. Results STAR2 (TNC-sc(mu)TNF80) and NewSTAR2 (irrIgG1(N297A)-sc(mu)TNF80) revealed comparable in vitro activity. The novel domain architecture of NewSTAR2 significantly improved serum retention compared to STAR2, which correlated with efficient binding to FcRn. A single injection of NewSTAR2 enhanced regulatory T cell (Treg) suppressive activity and increased Treg numbers by > 300% in vivo 5 days after treatment. Treg numbers remained as high as 200% for about 10 days. Furthermore, a single in vivo treatment with NewSTAR2 upregulated the adenosine-regulating ectoenzyme CD39 and other activation markers on Tregs. TNFR2-stimulated Tregs proved to be more suppressive than unstimulated Tregs, reducing conventional T cell (Tcon) proliferation and expression of activation markers in vitro. Finally, singular preemptive NewSTAR2 administration five days before allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) protected mice from acute GvHD. Conclusions NewSTAR2 represents a next generation ligand-based TNFR2 agonist, which is efficiently produced, exhibits improved pharmacokinetic properties and high serum retention with superior in vivo activity exerting powerful protective effects against acute GvHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Gamboa Vargas
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Wagner
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Haroon Shaikh
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Isabell Lang
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Juliane Medler
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mohamed Anany
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Tim Steinfatt
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Josefina Peña Mosca
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Haack
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julia Dahlhoff
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maike Büttner-Herold
- Department of Nephropathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carolin Graf
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Estibaliz Arellano Viera
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Einsele
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Harald Wajant
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Beilhack
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany
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11
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Medler J, Kucka K, Wajant H. Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 2 (TNFR2): An Emerging Target in Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112603. [PMID: 35681583 PMCID: PMC9179537 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the great success of TNF blockers in the treatment of autoimmune diseases and the identification of TNF as a factor that influences the development of tumors in many ways, the role of TNFR2 in tumor biology and its potential suitability as a therapeutic target in cancer therapy have long been underestimated. This has been fundamentally changed with the identification of TNFR2 as a regulatory T-cell (Treg)-stimulating factor and the general clinical breakthrough of immunotherapeutic approaches. However, considering TNFR2 as a sole immunosuppressive factor in the tumor microenvironment does not go far enough. TNFR2 can also co-stimulate CD8+ T-cells, sensitize some immune and tumor cells to the cytotoxic effects of TNFR1 and/or acts as an oncogene. In view of the wide range of cancer-associated TNFR2 activities, it is not surprising that both antagonists and agonists of TNFR2 are considered for tumor therapy and have indeed shown overwhelming anti-tumor activity in preclinical studies. Based on a brief summary of TNFR2 signaling and the immunoregulatory functions of TNFR2, we discuss here the main preclinical findings and insights gained with TNFR2 agonists and antagonists. In particular, we address the question of which TNFR2-associated molecular and cellular mechanisms underlie the observed anti-tumoral activities of TNFR2 agonists and antagonists.
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12
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Munoz Pinto MF, Campbell SJ, Simoglou Karali C, Johanssen VA, Bristow C, Cheng VWT, Zarghami N, Larkin JR, Pannell M, Hearn A, Chui C, Brinquis Nunez B, Bokma E, Holgate R, Anthony DC, Sibson NR. Selective blood-brain barrier permeabilization of brain metastases by a type 1 receptor-selective tumor necrosis factor mutein. Neuro Oncol 2022; 24:52-63. [PMID: 34297105 PMCID: PMC8730757 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastasis to the brain is a major challenge with poor prognosis. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a significant impediment to effective treatment, being intact during the early stages of tumor development and heterogeneously permeable at later stages. Intravenous injection of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) selectively induces BBB permeabilization at sites of brain micrometastasis, in a TNF type 1 receptor (TNFR1)-dependent manner. Here, to enable clinical translation, we have developed a TNFR1-selective agonist variant of human TNF that induces BBB permeabilization, while minimizing potential toxicity. METHODS A library of human TNF muteins (mutTNF) was generated and assessed for binding specificity to mouse and human TNFR1/2, endothelial permeabilizing activity in vitro, potential immunogenicity, and circulatory half-life. The permeabilizing ability of the most promising variant was assessed in vivo in a model of brain metastasis. RESULTS The primary mutTNF variant showed similar affinity for human TNFR1 than wild-type human TNF, similar affinity for mouse TNFR1 as wild-type mouse TNF, undetectable binding to human/mouse TNFR2, low potential immunogenicity, and permeabilization of an endothelial monolayer. Circulatory half-life was similar to mouse/human TNF and BBB permeabilization was induced selectively at sites of micrometastases in vivo, with a time window of ≥24 hours and enabling delivery of agents within a therapeutically relevant range (0.5-150 kDa), including the clinically approved therapy, trastuzumab. CONCLUSIONS We have developed a clinically translatable mutTNF that selectively opens the BBB at micrometastatic sites, while leaving the rest of the cerebrovasculature intact. This approach will open a window for brain metastasis treatment that currently does not exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario F Munoz Pinto
- Medical Research Council Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandra J Campbell
- Medical Research Council Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christina Simoglou Karali
- Medical Research Council Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Vanessa A Johanssen
- Medical Research Council Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Claire Bristow
- Medical Research Council Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Vinton W T Cheng
- Medical Research Council Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Niloufar Zarghami
- Medical Research Council Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James R Larkin
- Medical Research Council Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Maria Pannell
- Medical Research Council Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- OxSonics Ltd., The Magdalen Centre, Oxford Science Park, Oxford, UK
| | - Arron Hearn
- Abzena Ltd., Babraham Research Campus, Babraham, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cherry Chui
- Abzena Ltd., Babraham Research Campus, Babraham, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Evert Bokma
- Abzena Ltd., Babraham Research Campus, Babraham, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert Holgate
- Abzena Ltd., Babraham Research Campus, Babraham, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Nicola R Sibson
- Medical Research Council Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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13
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Moatti A, Cohen JL. The TNF-α/TNFR2 Pathway: Targeting a Brake to Release the Anti-tumor Immune Response. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:725473. [PMID: 34712661 PMCID: PMC8546260 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.725473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Newly discovered anti-cancer immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor T cells, focus on spurring the anti-tumor effector T cell (Teff) response. Although such strategies have already demonstrated a sustained beneficial effect in certain malignancies, a substantial proportion of treated patients does not respond. CD4+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), a suppressive subset of T cells, can impair anti-tumor responses and reduce the efficacy of currently available immunotherapies. An alternative view that has emerged over the last decade proposes to tackle this immune brake by targeting the suppressive action of Tregs on the anti-tumoral response. It was recently demonstrated that the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) is critical for the phenotypic stabilization and suppressive function of human and mouse Tregs. The broad non-specific effects of TNF-α infusion in patients initially led clinicians to abandon this signaling pathway as first-line therapy against neoplasms. Previously unrecognized, TNFR2 has emerged recently as a legitimate target for anti-cancer immune checkpoint therapy. Considering the accumulation of pre-clinical data on the role of TNFR2 and clinical reports of TNFR2+ Tregs and tumor cells in cancer patients, it is now clear that a TNFR2-centered approach could be a viable strategy, once again making the TNF-α pathway a promising anti-cancer target. Here, we review the role of the TNFR2 signaling pathway in tolerance and the equilibrium of T cell responses and its connections with oncogenesis. We analyze recent discoveries concerning the targeting of TNFR2 in cancer, as well as the advantages, limitations, and perspectives of such a strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Moatti
- Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne, INSERM, IMRB, Créteil, France.,AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalo-Universitaire Chenevier Mondor, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Biothérapie, Créteil, France
| | - José L Cohen
- Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne, INSERM, IMRB, Créteil, France.,AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalo-Universitaire Chenevier Mondor, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Biothérapie, Créteil, France
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14
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Diversity of cell death signaling pathways in macrophages upon infection with modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA). Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1011. [PMID: 34711816 PMCID: PMC8551665 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04286-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Regulated cell death frequently occurs upon infection by intracellular pathogens, and extent and regulation is often cell-type-specific. We aimed to identify the cell death-signaling pathways triggered in macrophages by infection with modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA), an attenuated strain of vaccinia virus used in vaccination. While most target cells seem to be protected by antiapoptotic proteins encoded in the MVA genome, macrophages die when infected with MVA. We targeted key signaling components of specific cell death-pathways and pattern recognition-pathways using genome editing and small molecule inhibitors in an in vitro murine macrophage differentiation model. Upon infection with MVA, we observed activation of mitochondrial and death-receptor-induced apoptosis-pathways as well as the necroptosis-pathway. Inhibition of individual pathways had a little protective effect but led to compensatory death through the other pathways. In the absence of mitochondrial apoptosis, autocrine/paracrine TNF-mediated apoptosis and, in the absence of caspase-activity, necroptosis occurred. TNF-induction depended on the signaling molecule STING, and MAVS and ZBP1 contributed to MVA-induced apoptosis. The mode of cell death had a substantial impact on the cytokine response of infected cells, indicating that the immunogenicity of a virus may depend not only on its PAMPs but also on its ability to modulate individual modalities of cell death. These findings provide insights into the diversity of cell death-pathways that an infection can trigger in professional immune cells and advance our understanding of the intracellular mechanisms that govern the immune response to a virus.
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15
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Antileukemic Natural Product Induced Both Apoptotic and Pyroptotic Programmed Cell Death and Differentiation Effect. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011239. [PMID: 34681898 PMCID: PMC8538678 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of the most common forms of leukemia. Despite advances in the management of such malignancies and the progress of novel therapies, unmet medical needs still exist in AML because of several factors, including poor response to chemotherapy and high relapse rates. Ardisianone, a plant-derived natural component with an alkyl benzoquinone structure, induced apoptosis in leukemic HL-60 cells. The determination of dozens of apoptosis-related proteins showed that ardisianone upregulated death receptors and downregulated the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAPs). Western blotting showed that ardisianone induced a dramatic increase in tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) protein expression. Ardisianone also induced downstream signaling by activating caspase-8 and -3 and degradation in Bid, a caspase-8 substrate. Furthermore, ardisianone induced degradation in DNA fragmentation factor 45 kDa (DFF45), a subunit of inhibitors of caspase-activated DNase (ICAD). Q-VD-OPh (a broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor) significantly diminished ardisianone-induced apoptosis, confirming the involvement of caspase-dependent apoptosis. Moreover, ardisianone induced pyroptosis. Using transmission electron microscopic examination and Western blot analysis, key markers including gasdermin D, high mobility group box1 (HMGB1), and caspase-1 and -5 were detected. Notably, ardisianone induced the differentiation of the remaining survival cells, which were characterized by an increase in the expression of CD11b and CD68, two markers of macrophages and monocytes. Wright–Giemsa staining also showed the differentiation of cells into monocyte and macrophage morphology. In conclusion, the data suggested that ardisianone induced the apoptosis and pyroptosis of leukemic cells through downregulation of IAPs and activation of caspase pathways that caused gasdermin D cleavage and DNA double-stranded breaks and ultimately led to programmed cell death. Ardisianone also induced the differentiation of leukemic cells into monocyte-like and macrophage-like cells. The data suggested the potential of ardisianone for further antileukemic development.
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16
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Li S, Qu L, Wang X, Kong L. Novel insights into RIPK1 as a promising target for future Alzheimer's disease treatment. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 231:107979. [PMID: 34480965 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an intractable neurodegenerative disease showing a clinical manifestation with memory loss, cognitive impairment and behavioral dysfunction. The predominant pathological characteristics of AD include neuronal loss, β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition and hyperphosphorylated Tau induced neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), while considerable studies proved these could be triggered by neuronal death and neuroinflammation. Receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) is a serine/threonine kinase existed at the cross-point of cell death and inflammatory signaling pathways. Emerging investigations have shed light on RIPK1 for its potential role in AD progression. The present review makes a bird's eye view on the functions of RIPK1 and mainly focus on the underlying linkages between RIPK1 and AD from comprehensive aspects including neuronal death, Aβ and Tau, inflammasome activation, BBB rupture, AMPK/mTOR, mitochondrial dysfunction and O-glcNAcylation. Moreover, the discovery of RIPK1 inhibitors, ongoing clinical trials along with future RIPK1-targeted therapeutics are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lailiang Qu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lingyi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Elshal M, Abu-Elsaad N, El-Karef A, Ibrahim T. Etanercept attenuates immune-mediated hepatitis induced by concanavalin A via differential regulation of the key effector cytokines of CD4+ T cells. Life Sci 2021; 277:119618. [PMID: 34004252 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The current study aims to investigate the role of the key effector cytokines produced by CD4+T cells in the pathogenesis of Con A-induced liver injury in mice and testing whether etanercept can be repurposed to differentially regulate these cytokines. MAIN METHODS Four groups of mice were used: group I: control group, group II: mice received 15 mg/kg Con A i.v, group III: mice received 15 mg/kg etanercept i.p, group IV: mice received both Con A and etanercept as described. Hepatic injury and necroinflammation were assessed. Infiltration of CD4+ T cells and neutrophils were evaluated. Hepatic levels of TNF-α, IL-4, IL-10, and MDA were assigned and expression of NF-κB as well. KEY FINDINGS A significant decrease in ALT, AST, and LDH levels occurred when etanercept was injected before Con A. Hepatic necrosis and infiltration of CD4+ T cells and neutrophils were reduced by etanercept. Levels of TNF-α, IL-4, and MDA were significantly decreased in group IV compared to group II while that of IL-10 was increased. Also, number of NF-κB positive cells was significantly low in group IV. SIGNIFICANCE The study elucidates an interplay between the two effector cytokines of CD4+ T cells, TNF-α and IL-4, and their key role in Con A-induced liver injury. Additionally, our results showed that etanercept could be repurposed to differentially regulate effector cytokines produced by CD4+ T cells. Not only TNF-α, but also IL-4 signaling pathways, through which it exerts immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant effects leading to attenuation of Con A-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Elshal
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Dep., Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Egypt.
| | - Nashwa Abu-Elsaad
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Dep., Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Amr El-Karef
- Pathology Dep., Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Tarek Ibrahim
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Dep., Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Egypt
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18
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Abstract
Obesity is associated with high-grade and advanced prostate cancer. While this association may be multi-factorial, studies suggest that obesity-induced inflammation may play a role in the progression of advanced prostate cancer. The microenvironment associated with obesity increases growth factors and pro-inflammatory cytokines which have been implicated mechanistically to promote invasion, metastasis, and androgen-independent growth. This review summarizes recent findings related to obesity-induced inflammation which may be the link to advanced prostate cancer. In addition, this review while introduce novel targets to mitigate prostate cancer metastasis to the bone. Specific emphasis will be placed on the role of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, and IL-1β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Olivas
- Nutrition and Foods, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
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19
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Walters A, Keeton R, Labuschagné A, Hsu NJ, Jacobs M. TNFRp75-dependent immune regulation of alveolar macrophages and neutrophils during early Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis BCG infection. Immunology 2020; 162:220-234. [PMID: 33020922 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
TNF signalling through TNFRp55 and TNFRp75, and receptor shedding is important for immune activation and regulation. TNFRp75 deficiency leads to improved control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) infection, but the effects of early innate immune events in this process are unclear. We investigated the role of TNFRp75 on cell activation and apoptosis of alveolar macrophages and neutrophils during M. tuberculosis and M. bovis BCG infection. We found increased microbicidal activity against M. tuberculosis occurred independently of IFNy and NO generation, and displayed an inverse correlation with alveolar macrophages (AMs) apoptosis. Both M. tuberculosis and M. bovis BCG induced higher expression of MHC-II in TNFRp75-/- AMs; however, M bovis BCG infection did not alter AM apoptosis in the absence of TNFRp75. Pulmonary concentrations of CCL2, CCL3 and IL-1β were increased in TNFRp75-/- mice during M, bovis BCG infection, but had no effect on neutrophil responses. Thus, TNFRp75-dependent regulation of mycobacterial replication is virulence dependent and occurs independently of early alveolar macrophage apoptosis and neutrophil responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avril Walters
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Roanne Keeton
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Antoinette Labuschagné
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Nai-Jen Hsu
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Muazzam Jacobs
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa.,National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Immunology of Infectious Disease Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
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20
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Selective Blockade of TNFR1 Improves Clinical Disease and Bronchoconstriction in Experimental RSV Infection. Viruses 2020; 12:v12101176. [PMID: 33080861 PMCID: PMC7588931 DOI: 10.3390/v12101176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of bronchiolitis in infants and young children. Although some clinical studies have speculated that tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is a major contributor of RSV-mediated airway disease, experimental evidence remains unclear or conflicting. TNF-α initiates inflammation and cell death through two distinct receptors: TNF-receptor (TNFR)1 and TNFR2. Here we delineate the function of TNF-α by short-lasting blockade of either receptor in an experimental BALB/c mouse model of RSV infection. We demonstrate that antibody-mediated blockade of TNFR1, but not TNFR2, results in significantly improved clinical disease and bronchoconstriction as well as significant reductions of several inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, Ccl3, Ccl4, and Ccl5. Additionally, TNFR1 blockade was found to significantly reduce neutrophil number and activation status, consistent with the concomitant reduction of pro-neutrophilic chemokines Cxcl1 and Cxcl2. Similar protective activity was also observed when a single-dose of TNFR1 blockade was administered to mice following RSV inoculation, although this treatment resulted in improved alveolar macrophage survival rather than reduced neutrophil activation. Importantly, short-lasting blockade of TNFR1 did not affect RSV peak replication in the lung. This study suggests a potential therapeutic approach for RSV bronchiolitis based on selective blockade of TNFR1.
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21
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Aguadé-Gorgorió J, McComb S, Eckert C, Guinot A, Marovca B, Mezzatesta C, Jenni S, Abduli L, Schrappe M, Dobay MP, Stanulla M, von Stackelberg A, Cario G, Bourquin JP, Bornhauser BC. TNFR2 is required for RIP1-dependent cell death in human leukemia. Blood Adv 2020; 4:4823-4833. [PMID: 33027529 PMCID: PMC7556136 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite major advances in the treatment of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the last decades, refractory and/or relapsed disease remains a clinical challenge, and relapsed leukemia patients have an exceedingly dismal prognosis. Dysregulation of apoptotic cell death pathways is a leading cause of drug resistance; thus, alternative cell death mechanisms, such as necroptosis, represent an appealing target for the treatment of high-risk malignancies. We and other investigators have shown that activation of receptor interacting protein kinase 1 (RIP1)-dependent apoptosis and necroptosis by second mitochondria derived activator of caspase mimetics (SMs) is an attractive antileukemic strategy not currently exploited by standard chemotherapy. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms that determine sensitivity to SMs have remained elusive. We show that tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) messenger RNA expression correlates with sensitivity to SMs in primary human leukemia. Functional genetic experiments using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9 demonstrate that TNFR2 and TNFR1, but not the ligand TNF-α, are essential for the response to SMs, revealing a ligand-independent interplay between TNFR1 and TNFR2 in the induction of RIP1-dependent cell death. Further potential TNFR ligands, such as lymphotoxins, were not required for SM sensitivity. Instead, TNFR2 promotes the formation of a RIP1/TNFR1-containing death signaling complex that induces RIP1 phosphorylation and RIP1-dependent apoptosis and necroptosis. Our data reveal an alternative paradigm for TNFR2 function in cell death signaling and provide a rationale to develop strategies for the identification of leukemias with vulnerability to RIP1-dependent cell death for tailored therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Aguadé-Gorgorió
- Department of Oncology and Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Scott McComb
- Department of Oncology and Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia Eckert
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Charité Medical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Guinot
- Department of Oncology and Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Blerim Marovca
- Department of Oncology and Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Caterina Mezzatesta
- Department of Oncology and Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Jenni
- Department of Oncology and Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Liridon Abduli
- Department of Oncology and Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Schrappe
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; and
| | - Maria Pamela Dobay
- Department of Oncology and Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Stanulla
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Arend von Stackelberg
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Charité Medical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gunnar Cario
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; and
| | - Jean-Pierre Bourquin
- Department of Oncology and Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Beat C Bornhauser
- Department of Oncology and Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
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22
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Varga Z, Molnár T, Mázló A, Kovács R, Jenei V, Kerekes K, Bácsi A, Koncz G. Differences in the sensitivity of classically and alternatively activated macrophages to TAK1 inhibitor-induced necroptosis. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 69:2193-2207. [PMID: 32472370 PMCID: PMC7568718 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02623-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the balance of pro-inflammatory M1 versus anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages may have paramount therapeutic benefit in cardiovascular diseases, infections, cancer and chronic inflammation. The targeted depletion of different macrophage populations provides a therapeutic option to regulate macrophage-mediated functions. Macrophages are highly sensitive to necroptosis, a newly described regulated cell death mediated by receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), RIPK3 and mixed lineage kinase domain like pseudokinase. Antagonists of inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (SMAC mimetics) block RIPK1 ubiquitination, while TGF-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) inhibitors prevent the phosphorylation of RIPK1, resulting in increased necroptosis. We compared the sensitivity of monocyte-derived human M1 and M2 cells to various apoptotic and necroptotic signals. The two cell types were equally sensitive to all investigated stimuli, but TAK1 inhibitor induced more intense necroptosis in M2 cells. Consequently, the treatment of co-cultured M1 and M2 cells with TAK1 inhibitor shifted the balance of the two populations toward M1 dominance. Blockage of either Aurora Kinase A or glycogen synthase kinase 3β, two newly described necroptosis inhibitors, increased the sensitivity of M1 cells to TAK1-inhibitor-induced cell death. Finally, we demonstrated that in vitro differentiated tumor-associated macrophages (TAM-like cells) were as highly sensitive to TAK1 inhibitor-induced necroptosis as M2 cells. Our results indicate that at least two different necroptotic pathways operate in macrophages and the targeted elimination of different macrophage populations by TAK1 inhibitor or SMAC mimetic may provide a therapeutic option to regulate the balance of inflammatory/anti-inflammatory macrophage functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsófia Varga
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 1 Egyetem Square, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Molecular Cellular and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Molnár
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 1 Egyetem Square, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Molecular Cellular and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Anett Mázló
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 1 Egyetem Square, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Molecular Cellular and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signalling Research Group, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ramóna Kovács
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 1 Egyetem Square, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Molecular Cellular and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Viktória Jenei
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 1 Egyetem Square, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | | | - Attila Bácsi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 1 Egyetem Square, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Gábor Koncz
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 1 Egyetem Square, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.
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23
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Zhang N, Wang Z, Zhao Y. Selective inhibition of Tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (TNFR1) for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2020; 55:80-85. [PMID: 32327345 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Anti-TNF biologics have achieved great success in the treatment of autoimmune diseases and have been the most selling biologics on market. However, the anti-TNF biologics have shown some disadvantages such as poor efficacy to some patients and high risk of infection and malignancies during clinical application. Current anti-TNF biologics are antibodies or antibody fragments that bind to TNF-α and subsequently block both TNF-TNFR1 and TNF-TNFR2 signaling. Transgenic animal studies indicate that TNFR1 signaling is responsible for chronic inflammation and cell apoptosis whereas TNFR2 signaling regulates tissue regeneration and inflammation. Recent studies propose to selectively inhibit TNFR1 to enhance efficacy and avoid side effects. In this review, we introduce the biology of TNF-TNFR1 and TNF-TNFR2 signaling, the advantages of selective inhibition of TNF-TNFR1 signaling and research updates on the development of selective inhibitors for TNF-TNFR1 signaling. Antibodies, small molecules and aptamers that selectively inhibit TNFR1 have showed therapeutic potential and less side effects in preclinical studies. Development of selective inhibitors for TNFR1 is a good strategy to enhance the efficacy and reduce the side effects of anti-TNF inhibitors and will be a trend for next-generation of anti-TNF inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, HeNan Province, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, HeNan Province, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, PR China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, PR China
| | - Yongxing Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, HeNan Province, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, HeNan Province, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, PR China.
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24
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Yu X, Mao M, Liu X, Shen T, Li T, Yu H, Zhang J, Chen X, Zhao X, Zhu D. A cytosolic heat shock protein 90 and co-chaperone p23 complex activates RIPK3/MLKL during necroptosis of endothelial cells in acute respiratory distress syndrome. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:569-583. [PMID: 32072232 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01886-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Necrosis with inflammation plays a crucial role in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Receptor-interacting protein 3 (RIPK3) regulates a newly discovered programmed form of necrosis called necroptosis. However, the underlying mechanism of necroptosis in ARDS remains unknown. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the possible involvement of RIPK3 in ARDS-associated necroptosis. RIPK3 protein levels were found to be significantly elevated in the plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of ARDS patients. Next, we utilised a mouse model of severe ARDS induced with high-dose lipopolysaccharide and found that lung injury was mainly due to RIPK3-mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase (MLKL)-mediated necroptosis and endothelial dysfunction. The activation of RIPK3-MLKL by tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) and TNFR1-associated death domain protein (TRADD) required catalytically active RIPK1 and the inhibition of Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD)/caspase-8 catalytic activity. We further showed that the molecular chaperone heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90)/p23, as a novel RIPK3- and MLKL-interacting complex, played an important role in RIP-MLKL-mediated necroptosis, inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in the pulmonary vasculature, which resulted in ARDS. Collectively, the results of our study indicate that necroptosis is an important mechanism of cell death in ARDS and the inhibition of necroptosis may be a therapeutic intervention for ARDS. KEY MESSAGES: Lung injury in high-dose LPS-induced severe ARDS is mainly due to RIP3-MLKL-mediated necroptosis and endothelial dysfunction. Chaperone HSP90/p23 is a novel RIP3- and MLKL-interacting complex in HPAECs. HSP90/p23 is a novel RIP3- and MLKL-interacting complex in RIP-MLKL-mediated necroptosis, inflammation and endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufeng Yu
- College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), 163319, Daqing, People's Republic of China
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), 163319, Daqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Mao
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), 163319, Daqing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, 150081, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Liu
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), 163319, Daqing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, 150081, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Shen
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), 163319, Daqing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, 150081, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Li
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), 163319, Daqing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, 150081, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Yu
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), 163319, Daqing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, 150081, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Junting Zhang
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), 163319, Daqing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, 150081, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Chen
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), 163319, Daqing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, 150081, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xijuan Zhao
- College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), 163319, Daqing, People's Republic of China
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), 163319, Daqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Daling Zhu
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), 163319, Daqing, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, 150081, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), 163319, Daqing, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Jensen S, Seidelin JB, LaCasse EC, Nielsen OH. SMAC mimetics and RIPK inhibitors as therapeutics for chronic inflammatory diseases. Sci Signal 2020; 13:13/619/eaax8295. [PMID: 32071170 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aax8295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
New therapeutic approaches for chronic inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and psoriasis are needed because current treatments are often suboptimal in terms of both efficacy and the risks of serious adverse events. Inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) are E3 ubiquitin ligases that inhibit cell death pathways and are themselves inhibited by second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (SMAC). SMAC mimetics (SMs), small-molecule antagonists of IAPs, are being evaluated as cancer therapies in clinical trials. IAPs are also crucial regulators of inflammatory pathways because they influence both the activation of inflammatory genes and the induction of cell death through the receptor-interacting serine-threonine protein kinases (RIPKs), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)-inducing kinase, and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Furthermore, there is an increasing interest in specifically targeting the substrates of IAP-mediated ubiquitylation, especially RIPK1, RIPK2, and RIPK3, as druggable nodes in inflammation control. Several studies have revealed an anti-inflammatory potential of RIPK inhibitors that either block inflammatory signaling or block the form of inflammatory cell death known as necroptosis. Expanding research on innate immune signaling through pattern recognition receptors that stimulate proinflammatory NF-κB and MAPK signaling may further contribute to uncovering the complex molecular roles used by IAPs and downstream RIPKs in inflammatory signaling. This may benefit and guide the development of SMs or selective RIPK inhibitors as anti-inflammatory therapeutics for various chronic inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Jensen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 1 Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Jakob Benedict Seidelin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 1 Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark.
| | - Eric Charles LaCasse
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Ole Haagen Nielsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 1 Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
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26
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Knop J, Spilgies LM, Rufli S, Reinhart R, Vasilikos L, Yabal M, Owsley E, Jost PJ, Marsh RA, Wajant H, Robinson MD, Kaufmann T, Wong WWL. TNFR2 induced priming of the inflammasome leads to a RIPK1-dependent cell death in the absence of XIAP. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:700. [PMID: 31541082 PMCID: PMC6754467 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1938-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The pediatric immune deficiency X-linked proliferative disease-2 (XLP-2) is a unique disease, with patients presenting with either hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) or intestinal bowel disease (IBD). Interestingly, XLP-2 patients display high levels of IL-18 in the serum even while in stable condition, presumably through spontaneous inflammasome activation. Recent data suggests that LPS stimulation can trigger inflammasome activation through a TNFR2/TNF/TNFR1 mediated loop in xiap−/− macrophages. Yet, the direct role TNFR2-specific activation plays in the absence of XIAP is unknown. We found TNFR2-specific activation leads to cell death in xiap−/− myeloid cells, particularly in the absence of the RING domain. RIPK1 kinase activity downstream of TNFR2 resulted in a TNF/TNFR1 cell death, independent of necroptosis. TNFR2-specific activation leads to a similar inflammatory NF-kB driven transcriptional profile as TNFR1 activation with the exception of upregulation of NLRP3 and caspase-11. Activation and upregulation of the canonical inflammasome upon loss of XIAP was mediated by RIPK1 kinase activity and ROS production. While both the inhibition of RIPK1 kinase activity and ROS production reduced cell death, as well as release of IL-1β, the release of IL-18 was not reduced to basal levels. This study supports targeting TNFR2 specifically to reduce IL-18 release in XLP-2 patients and to reduce priming of the inflammasome components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janin Knop
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lisanne M Spilgies
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Rufli
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ramona Reinhart
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lazaros Vasilikos
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Monica Yabal
- III. Medizinische Klink, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Erika Owsley
- UC Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, USA
| | - Philipp J Jost
- III. Medizinische Klink, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Rebecca A Marsh
- UC Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, USA
| | - Harald Wajant
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mark D Robinson
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences and SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Kaufmann
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - W Wei-Lynn Wong
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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27
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Sasaki K, Himeno A, Nakagawa T, Sasaki Y, Kiyonari H, Iwai K. Modulation of autoimmune pathogenesis by T cell-triggered inflammatory cell death. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3878. [PMID: 31462647 PMCID: PMC6713751 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11858-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell-mediated autoimmunity encompasses diverse immunopathological outcomes; however, the mechanisms underlying this diversity are largely unknown. Dysfunction of the tripartite linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) is associated with distinct autonomous immune-related diseases. Cpdm mice lacking Sharpin, an accessory subunit of LUBAC, have innate immune cell-predominant dermatitis triggered by death of LUBAC-compromised keratinocytes. Here we show that specific gene ablation of Sharpin in mouse Treg causes phenotypes mimicking cpdm-like inflammation. Mechanistic analyses find that multiple types of programmed cell death triggered by TNF from tissue-oriented T cells initiate proinflammatory responses to implicate innate immune-mediated pathogenesis in this T cell-mediated inflammation. Moreover, additional disruption of the Hoip locus encoding the catalytic subunit of LUBAC converts cpdm-like dermatitis to T cell-predominant autoimmune lesions; however, innate immune-mediated pathogenesis still remains. These findings show that T cell-mediated killing and sequential autoinflammation are common and crucial for pathogenic diversity during T cell-mediated autoimmune responses. Many forms of autoimmune disorder involve abnormal T cell functions, but how this versatility is achieved is not fully clear. Here the authors show that Sharpin-deficient Treg cells induce the death of local keratinocytes via multiple programmed cell death and innate inflammation to cause skin inflammation similar to cpdm mice with genetic deletion of Sharpin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiro Sasaki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ai Himeno
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Sasaki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Animal Resource Development Unit and Genetic Engineering Team, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 2-2-3 Minatojima Minami-machi, Chuou-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Iwai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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28
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Wajant H, Beilhack A. Targeting Regulatory T Cells by Addressing Tumor Necrosis Factor and Its Receptors in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation and Cancer. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2040. [PMID: 31555271 PMCID: PMC6724557 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An intricate network of molecular and cellular actors orchestrates the delicate balance between effector immune responses and immune tolerance. The pleiotropic cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) proves as a pivotal protagonist promoting but also suppressing immune responses. These opposite actions are accomplished through specialist cell types responding to TNF via TNF receptors TNFR1 and TNFR2. Recent findings highlight the importance of TNFR2 as a key regulator of activated natural FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in inflammatory conditions, such as acute graft-vs.-host disease (GvHD) and the tumor microenvironment. Here we review recent advances in our understanding of TNFR2 signaling in T cells and discuss how these can reconcile seemingly conflicting observations when manipulating TNF and TNFRs. As TNFR2 emerges as a new and attractive target we furthermore pinpoint strategies and potential pitfalls for therapeutic targeting of TNFR2 for cancer treatment and immune tolerance after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Wajant
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Beilhack
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Center for Interdisciplinary Clinical Research, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Else-Kröner-Forschungskolleg Würzburg, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany
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29
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TNF-α Differentially Regulates Cell Cycle Genes in Promyelocytic and Granulocytic HL-60/S4 Cells. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2019; 9:2775-2786. [PMID: 31263060 PMCID: PMC6686940 DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is a potent cytokine involved in systemic inflammation and immune modulation. Signaling responses that involve TNF-α are context dependent and capable of stimulating pathways promoting both cell death and survival. TNF-α treatment has been investigated as part of a combined therapy for acute myeloid leukemia due to its modifying effects on all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) mediated differentiation into granulocytes. To investigate the interaction between cellular differentiation and TNF-α, we performed RNA-sequencing on two forms of the human HL-60/S4 promyelocytic leukemia cell line treated with TNF-α. The ATRA-differentiated granulocytic form of HL-60/S4 cells had an enhanced transcriptional response to TNF-α treatment compared to the undifferentiated promyelocytes. The observed TNF-α responses included differential expression of cell cycle gene sets, which were generally upregulated in TNF-α treated promyelocytes, and downregulated in TNF-α treated granulocytes. This is consistent with TNF-α induced cell cycle repression in granulocytes and cell cycle progression in promyelocytes. Moreover, we found evidence that TNF-α treatment of granulocytes shifts the transcriptome toward that of a macrophage. We conclude that TNF-α treatment promotes a divergent transcriptional program in promyelocytes and granulocytes. TNF-α promotes cell cycle associated gene expression in promyelocytes. In contrast, TNF-α stimulated granulocytes have reduced cell cycle gene expression, and a macrophage-like transcriptional program.
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30
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Lim J, Park H, Heisler J, Maculins T, Roose-Girma M, Xu M, Mckenzie B, van Lookeren Campagne M, Newton K, Murthy A. Autophagy regulates inflammatory programmed cell death via turnover of RHIM-domain proteins. eLife 2019; 8:44452. [PMID: 31287416 PMCID: PMC6615860 DOI: 10.7554/elife.44452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
RIPK1, RIPK3, ZBP1 and TRIF, the four mammalian proteins harboring RIP homotypic interaction motif (RHIM) domains, are key components of inflammatory signaling and programmed cell death. RHIM-domain protein activation is mediated by their oligomerization; however, mechanisms that promote a return to homeostasis remain unknown. Here we show that autophagy is critical for the turnover of all RHIM-domain proteins. Macrophages lacking the autophagy gene Atg16l1accumulated highly insoluble forms of RIPK1, RIPK3, TRIF and ZBP1. Defective autophagy enhanced necroptosis by Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands. TNF-mediated necroptosis was mediated by RIPK1 kinase activity, whereas TLR3- or TLR4-mediated death was dependent on TRIF and RIPK3. Unexpectedly, combined deletion of Atg16l1 and Zbp1 accelerated LPS-mediated necroptosis and sepsis in mice. Thus, ZBP1 drives necroptosis in the absence of the RIPK1-RHIM, but suppresses this process when multiple RHIM-domain containing proteins accumulate. These findings identify autophagy as a central regulator of innate inflammation governed by RHIM-domain proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghyun Lim
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Hyunjoo Park
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Jason Heisler
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Timurs Maculins
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Merone Roose-Girma
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Brent Mckenzie
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, United States
| | | | - Kim Newton
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Aditya Murthy
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, United States
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31
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Pan-caspase inhibitors induce necroptosis via ROS-mediated activation of mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein and p38 in classically activated macrophages. Exp Cell Res 2019; 380:171-179. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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32
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Fauster A, Rebsamen M, Willmann KL, César-Razquin A, Girardi E, Bigenzahn JW, Schischlik F, Scorzoni S, Bruckner M, Konecka J, Hörmann K, Heinz LX, Boztug K, Superti-Furga G. Systematic genetic mapping of necroptosis identifies SLC39A7 as modulator of death receptor trafficking. Cell Death Differ 2019; 26:1138-1155. [PMID: 30237509 PMCID: PMC6748104 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0192-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of cell and tissue homeostasis by programmed cell death is a fundamental process with wide physiological and pathological implications. The advent of scalable somatic cell genetic technologies creates the opportunity to functionally map such essential pathways, thereby identifying potential disease-relevant components. We investigated the genetic basis underlying necroptotic cell death by performing a complementary set of loss-of-function and gain-of-function genetic screens. To this end, we established FADD-deficient haploid human KBM7 cells, which specifically and efficiently undergo necroptosis after a single treatment with either TNFα or the SMAC mimetic compound birinapant. A series of unbiased gene-trap screens identified key signaling mediators, such as TNFR1, RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL. Among the novel components, we focused on the zinc transporter SLC39A7, whose knock-out led to necroptosis resistance by affecting TNF receptor surface levels. Orthogonal, solute carrier (SLC)-focused CRISPR/Cas9-based genetic screens revealed the exquisite specificity of SLC39A7, among ~400 SLC genes, for TNFR1-mediated and FAS-mediated but not TRAIL-R1-mediated responses. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that loss of SLC39A7 resulted in augmented ER stress and impaired receptor trafficking, thereby globally affecting downstream signaling. The newly established cellular model also allowed genome-wide gain-of-function screening for genes conferring resistance to necroptosis via the CRISPR/Cas9-based synergistic activation mediator approach. Among these, we found cIAP1 and cIAP2, and characterized the role of TNIP1, which prevented pathway activation in a ubiquitin-binding dependent manner. Altogether, the gain-of-function and loss-of-function screens described here provide a global genetic chart of the molecular factors involved in necroptosis and death receptor signaling, prompting further investigation of their individual contribution and potential role in pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Fauster
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuele Rebsamen
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Katharina L Willmann
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Adrian César-Razquin
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Enrico Girardi
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes W Bigenzahn
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fiorella Schischlik
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefania Scorzoni
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuela Bruckner
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Justyna Konecka
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katrin Hörmann
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leonhard X Heinz
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kaan Boztug
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Anna Kinderspital and Children's Cancer Research Institute, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giulio Superti-Furga
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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33
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Wajant H, Siegmund D. TNFR1 and TNFR2 in the Control of the Life and Death Balance of Macrophages. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:91. [PMID: 31192209 PMCID: PMC6548990 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages stand in the first line of defense against a variety of pathogens but are also involved in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. To fulfill their functions macrophages sense a broad range of pathogen- and damage-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs/DAMPs) by plasma membrane and intracellular pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Intriguingly, the overwhelming majority of PPRs trigger the production of the pleiotropic cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF). TNF affects almost any type of cell including macrophages themselves. TNF promotes the inflammatory activity of macrophages but also controls macrophage survival and death. TNF exerts its activities by stimulation of two different types of receptors, TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1) and TNFR2, which are both expressed by macrophages. The two TNF receptor types trigger distinct and common signaling pathways that can work in an interconnected manner. Based on a brief general description of major TNF receptor-associated signaling pathways, we focus in this review on research of recent years that revealed insights into the molecular mechanisms how the TNFR1-TNFR2 signaling network controls the life and death balance of macrophages. In particular, we discuss how the TNFR1-TNFR2 signaling network is integrated into PRR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Wajant
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Siegmund
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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34
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A Perspective Review on the Role of Nanomedicine in the Modulation of TNF-TNFR2 Axis in Breast Cancer Immunotherapy. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:6313242. [PMID: 31239840 PMCID: PMC6556275 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6313242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, nanomedicine research has provided us with highly useful agents (nanoparticles) delivering therapeutic drugs to target cancer cells. The present review highlights nanomedicine applications for breast cancer immunotherapy. Recent studies have suggested that tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and its receptor 2 (TNFR2) expressed on breast cancer cells have important functional consequences. This cytokine/receptor interaction is also critical for promoting highly immune-suppressive phenotypes by regulatory T cells (Tregs). This review generally provides a background for nanoparticles as potential drug delivery agents for immunomodulators and further discusses in depth the potential of TNF antagonists delivery to modulate TNF-TNFR2 interactions and inhibit breast cancer progression.
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35
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Tumour Necrosis Factor Alpha in Intestinal Homeostasis and Gut Related Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081887. [PMID: 30995806 PMCID: PMC6515381 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium constitutes an indispensable single-layered barrier to protect the body from invading pathogens, antigens or toxins. At the same time, beneficial nutrients and water have to be absorbed by the epithelium. To prevent development of intestinal inflammation or tumour formation, intestinal homeostasis has to be tightly controlled and therefore a strict balance between cell death and proliferation has to be maintained. The proinflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) was shown to play a striking role for the regulation of this balance in the gut. Depending on the cellular conditions, on the one hand TNFα is able to mediate cell survival by activating NFκB signalling. On the other hand, TNFα might trigger cell death, in particular caspase-dependent apoptosis but also caspase-independent programmed necrosis. By regulating these cell death and survival mechanisms, TNFα exerts a variety of beneficial functions in the intestine. However, TNFα signalling is also supposed to play a critical role for the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), infectious diseases, intestinal wound healing and tumour formation. Here we review the literature about the physiological and pathophysiological role of TNFα signalling for the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis and the benefits and difficulties of anti-TNFα treatment during IBD.
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36
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Gerald MJ, Bracchi-Ricard V, Ricard J, Fischer R, Nandakumar B, Blumenthal GH, Williams R, Kontermann RE, Pfizenmaier K, Moxon KA, Bethea JR. Continuous infusion of an agonist of the tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 in the spinal cord improves recovery after traumatic contusive injury. CNS Neurosci Ther 2019; 25:884-893. [PMID: 30941924 PMCID: PMC6630008 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The activation of the TNFR2 receptor is beneficial in several pathologies of the central nervous system, and this study examines whether it can ameliorate the recovery process following spinal cord injury. Methods EHD2‐sc‐mTNFR2, an agonist specific for TNFR2, was used to treat neurons exposed to high levels of glutamate in vitro. In vivo, it was infused directly to the spinal cord via osmotic pumps immediately after a contusion to the cord at the T9 level. Locomotion behavior was assessed for 6 weeks, and the tissue was analyzed (lesion size, RNA and protein expression, cell death) after injury. Somatosensory evoked potentials were also measured in response to hindlimb stimulation. Results The activation of TNFR2 protected neurons from glutamate‐mediated excitotoxicity through the activation of phosphoinositide‐3 kinase gamma in vitro and improved the locomotion of animals following spinal cord injury. The extent of the injury was not affected by infusing EHD2‐sc‐mTNFR2, but higher levels of neurofilament H and 2′, 3′‐cyclic‐nucleotide 3′‐phosphodiesterase were observed 6 weeks after the injury. Finally, the activation of TNFR2 after injury increased the neural response recorded in the cortex following hindlimb stimulation. Conclusion The activation of TNFR2 in the spinal cord following contusive injury leads to enhanced locomotion and better cortical responses to hindlimb stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus J Gerald
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Jerome Ricard
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Roman Fischer
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Bharadwaj Nandakumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Davis, Davis, California
| | - Gary H Blumenthal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Davis, Davis, California
| | - Raushaun Williams
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Roland E Kontermann
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.,Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Klaus Pfizenmaier
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.,Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Karen A Moxon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Davis, Davis, California
| | - John R Bethea
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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37
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Delgado ME, Brunner T. The many faces of tumor necrosis factor signaling in the intestinal epithelium. Genes Immun 2019; 20:609-626. [DOI: 10.1038/s41435-019-0057-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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38
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Denisenko E, Guler R, Mhlanga M, Suzuki H, Brombacher F, Schmeier S. Transcriptionally induced enhancers in the macrophage immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:71. [PMID: 30669987 PMCID: PMC6341744 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5450-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis is a life-threatening infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb). M.tb subverts host immune responses to build a favourable niche and survive inside of host macrophages. Macrophages can control or eliminate the infection, if acquire appropriate functional phenotypes. Transcriptional regulation is a key process that governs the activation and maintenance of these phenotypes. Among the factors orchestrating transcriptional regulation during M.tb infection, transcriptional enhancers still remain unexplored. Results We analysed transcribed enhancers in M.tb-infected mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages. We established a link between known M.tb-responsive transcription factors and transcriptional activation of enhancers and their target genes. Our data suggest that enhancers might drive macrophage response via transcriptional activation of key immune genes, such as Tnf, Tnfrsf1b, Irg1, Hilpda, Ccl3, and Ccl4. We report enhancers acquiring transcription de novo upon infection. Finally, we link highly transcriptionally induced enhancers to activation of genes with previously unappreciated roles in M.tb infection, such as Fbxl3, Tapt1, Edn1, and Hivep1. Conclusions Our findings suggest the importance of macrophage host transcriptional enhancers during M.tb infection. Our study extends current knowledge of the regulation of macrophage responses to M.tb infection and provides a basis for future functional studies on enhancer-gene interactions in this process. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5450-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Denisenko
- Massey University, Institute of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, Albany, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Reto Guler
- Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Musa Mhlanga
- Gene Expression and Biophysics Group, CSIR Synthetic Biology ERA, Pretoria, South Africa.,Division of Chemical Systems and Synthetic Biology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Gene Expression and Biophysics Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Harukazu Suzuki
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Frank Brombacher
- Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sebastian Schmeier
- Massey University, Institute of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, Albany, Auckland, New Zealand.
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39
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Siegmund D, Ehrenschwender M, Wajant H. TNFR2 unlocks a RIPK1 kinase activity-dependent mode of proinflammatory TNFR1 signaling. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:921. [PMID: 30206205 PMCID: PMC6134143 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0973-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
TNF is not only a major effector molecule of PAMP/DAMP-activated macrophages, but also regulates macrophage function and viability. We recently demonstrated that TNFR2 triggers necroptosis in macrophages with compromised caspase activity by two cooperating mechanisms: induction of endogenous TNF with subsequent stimulation of TNFR1 and depletion of cytosolic TRAF2-cIAP complexes. Here we show that TNFR2 activation in caspase-inhibited macrophages results in the production of endogenous TNF and TNFR1 stimulation followed by upregulation of A20, TRAF1, IL-6, and IL-1β. Surprisingly, TNFR1-mediated induction of IL-6 and IL-1β was clearly evident in response to TNFR2 stimulation but occurred not or only weakly in macrophages selectively and directly stimulated via TNFR1. Moreover, TNFR2-induced TNFR1-mediated gene induction was largely inhibited by necrostatin-1, whereas upregulation of A20 and TRAF1 by direct and exclusive stimulation of TNFR1 remained unaffected by this compound. Thus, treatment with TNFR2/ZVAD enables TNFR1 in macrophages to stimulate gene induction via a pathway requiring RIPK1 kinase activity. TNFR2/ZVAD-induced production of IL-6 and IL-1β was largely blocked in necroptosis-resistant MLKL- and RIPK3-deficient macrophages, whereas induction of A20 and TRAF1 remained unaffected. In sum, our results show that in caspase-inhibited macrophages TNFR2 not only triggers TNF/TNFR1-mediated necroptosis but also TNF/TNFR1-mediated RIPK3/MLKL-dependent and -independent gene induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Siegmund
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Auvera Haus, Grombühlstraße 12, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Ehrenschwender
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Harald Wajant
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Auvera Haus, Grombühlstraße 12, 97070, Würzburg, Germany.
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40
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Banzola I, Mengus C, Wyler S, Hudolin T, Manzella G, Chiarugi A, Boldorini R, Sais G, Schmidli TS, Chiffi G, Bachmann A, Sulser T, Spagnoli GC, Provenzano M. Expression of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Induced by IFN-γ and TNF-α as Potential Biomarker of Prostate Cancer Progression. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1051. [PMID: 29896191 PMCID: PMC5986916 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation has been suggested to play an important role in onset and progression of prostate cancer (PCa). Histological analysis of prostatectomy specimens has revealed focal inflammation in early stage lesions of this malignancy. We addressed the role of inflammatory stimuli in the release of PCa-specific, tumor-derived soluble factors (PCa-TDSFs) already reported to be mediators of PCa morbidity, such as indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and interleukin (IL)-6. Inflammation-driven production and functions of PCa-TDFSs were tested "in vitro" by stimulating established cell lines (CA-HPV-10 and PC3) with IFN-γ or TNF-α. Expression of genes encoding IDO, IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and their receptors was investigated in tumor tissues of PCa patients undergoing radical prostatectomy, in comparison with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) specimens. IFN-γ and TNF-α-treatment resulted in the induction of IDO and IL-6 gene expression and release in established cell lines, suggesting that the elicitation of PCa-TDSFs by these cytokines might contribute to progression of cancer into an untreatable phenotype. An analysis based on timing of biochemical recurrence revealed the prognostic value of IDO but not IL-6 gene expression in predicting recurrence-free survival in patients (RFS) with PCa. In addition, a urine-based mRNA biomarker study revealed the diagnostic potential of IDO gene expression in urines of men at risk of PCa development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Banzola
- Oncology Research Unit, Department of Urology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology and Children’s Research Center (CRC), University Children’s Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chantal Mengus
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephen Wyler
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tvrko Hudolin
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gabriele Manzella
- Department of Oncology and Children’s Research Center (CRC), University Children’s Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alberto Chiarugi
- Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Renzo Boldorini
- Department of Health Science, School of Medicine, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sais
- Oncology Research Unit, Department of Urology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias S. Schmidli
- Oncology Research Unit, Department of Urology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriele Chiffi
- Oncology Research Unit, Department of Urology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Tullio Sulser
- Oncology Research Unit, Department of Urology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giulio C. Spagnoli
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- CNR Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Provenzano
- Oncology Research Unit, Department of Urology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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41
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Sheng Y, Li F, Qin Z. TNF Receptor 2 Makes Tumor Necrosis Factor a Friend of Tumors. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1170. [PMID: 29892300 PMCID: PMC5985372 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is widely accepted as a tumor-suppressive cytokine via its ubiquitous receptor TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1). The other receptor, TNFR2, is not only expressed on some tumor cells but also on suppressive immune cells, including regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. In contrast to TNFR1, TNFR2 diverts the tumor-inhibiting TNF into a tumor-advocating factor. TNFR2 directly promotes the proliferation of some kinds of tumor cells. Also activating immunosuppressive cells, it supports immune escape and tumor development. Hence, TNFR2 may represent a potential target of cancer therapy. Here, we focus on expression and role of TNFR2 in the tumor microenvironment. We summarize the recent progress in understanding how TNFR2-dependent mechanisms promote carcinogenesis and tumor growth and discuss the potential value of TNFR2 in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiao Sheng
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feng Li
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhihai Qin
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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42
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Lawlor KE, Feltham R, Yabal M, Conos SA, Chen KW, Ziehe S, Graß C, Zhan Y, Nguyen TA, Hall C, Vince AJ, Chatfield SM, D'Silva DB, Pang KC, Schroder K, Silke J, Vaux DL, Jost PJ, Vince JE. XIAP Loss Triggers RIPK3- and Caspase-8-Driven IL-1β Activation and Cell Death as a Consequence of TLR-MyD88-Induced cIAP1-TRAF2 Degradation. Cell Rep 2018; 20:668-682. [PMID: 28723569 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.06.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis (XIAP) deficiency predisposes people to pathogen-associated hyperinflammation. Upon XIAP loss, Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligation triggers RIPK3-caspase-8-mediated IL-1β activation and death in myeloid cells. How XIAP suppresses these events remains unclear. Here, we show that TLR-MyD88 causes the proteasomal degradation of the related IAP, cIAP1, and its adaptor, TRAF2, by inducing TNF and TNF Receptor 2 (TNFR2) signaling. Genetically, we define that myeloid-specific cIAP1 loss promotes TLR-induced RIPK3-caspase-8 and IL-1β activity in the absence of XIAP. Importantly, deletion of TNFR2 in XIAP-deficient cells limited TLR-MyD88-induced cIAP1-TRAF2 degradation, cell death, and IL-1β activation. In contrast to TLR-MyD88, TLR-TRIF-induced interferon (IFN)β inhibited cIAP1 loss and consequent cell death. These data reveal how, upon XIAP deficiency, a TLR-TNF-TNFR2 axis drives cIAP1-TRAF2 degradation to allow TLR or TNFR1 activation of RIPK3-caspase-8 and IL-1β. This mechanism may explain why XIAP-deficient patients can exhibit symptoms reminiscent of patients with activating inflammasome mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E Lawlor
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Rebecca Feltham
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Monica Yabal
- III. Medical Department for Hematology and Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Stephanie A Conos
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Kaiwen W Chen
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Stephanie Ziehe
- III. Medical Department for Hematology and Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Carina Graß
- III. Medical Department for Hematology and Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Yifan Zhan
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Tan A Nguyen
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Cathrine Hall
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Angelina J Vince
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Simon M Chatfield
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Damian B D'Silva
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Kenneth C Pang
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Kate Schroder
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - John Silke
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - David L Vaux
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Philipp J Jost
- III. Medical Department for Hematology and Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - James E Vince
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
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Piao X, Miura R, Miyake S, Komazawa-Sakon S, Koike M, Shindo R, Takeda J, Hasegawa A, Abe R, Nishiyama C, Mikami T, Yagita H, Uchiyama Y, Nakano H. Blockade of TNF receptor superfamily 1 (TNFR1)-dependent and TNFR1-independent cell death is crucial for normal epidermal differentiation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 143:213-228.e10. [PMID: 29596938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A delicate balance between cell death and keratinocyte proliferation is crucial for normal skin development. Previous studies have reported that cellular FLICE (FADD-like ICE)-inhibitory protein plays a crucial role in prevention of keratinocytes from TNF-α-dependent apoptosis and blocking of dermatitis. However, a role for cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein in TNF-α-independent cell death remains unclear. OBJECTIVE We investigated contribution of TNF-α-dependent and TNF-α-independent signals to the development of dermatitis in epidermis-specific Cflar-deficient (CflarE-KO) mice. METHODS We examined the histology and expression of epidermal differentiation markers and inflammatory cytokines in the skin of CflarE-KO;Tnfrsf1a+/- and CflarE-KO;Tnfrsf1a-/- mice. Mice were treated with neutralizing antibodies against Fas ligand and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand to block TNF-α-independent cell death of CflarE-KO;Tnfrsf1a-/- mice. RESULTS CflarE-KO;Tnfrsf1a-/- mice were born but experienced severe dermatitis and succumbed soon after birth. CflarE-KO;Tnfrsf1a+/- mice exhibited embryonic lethality caused by massive keratinocyte apoptosis. Although keratinocytes from CflarE-KO;Tnfrsf1a-/- mice still died of apoptosis, neutralizing antibodies against Fas ligand and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand substantially prolonged survival of CflarE-KO;Tnfrsf1a-/- mice. Expression of inflammatory cytokines, such as Il6 and Il17a was increased; conversely, expression of epidermal differentiation markers was severely downregulated in the skin of CflarE-KO;Tnfrsf1a-/- mice. Treatment of primary keratinocytes with IL-6 and, to a lesser extent, IL-17A suppressed expression of epidermal differentiation markers. CONCLUSION TNF receptor superfamily 1 (TNFR1)-dependent or TNFR1-independent apoptosis of keratinocytes promotes inflammatory cytokine production, which subsequently blocks epidermal differentiation. Thus blockade of both TNFR1-dependent and TNFR1-independent cell death might be an alternative strategy to treat skin diseases when treatment with anti-TNF-α antibody alone is not sufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehua Piao
- Department of Biochemistry, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Miura
- Department of Biochemistry, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sanae Miyake
- Department of Biochemistry, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Masato Koike
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryodai Shindo
- Department of Biochemistry, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junji Takeda
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akito Hasegawa
- Division of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Riichiro Abe
- Division of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Chiharu Nishiyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Mikami
- Department of Pathology, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Yagita
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Uchiyama
- Department of Cellular Molecular Neuropathology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Nakano
- Department of Biochemistry, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Host Defense Research Center, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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44
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Ye LL, Wei XS, Zhang M, Niu YR, Zhou Q. The Significance of Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Type II in CD8 + Regulatory T Cells and CD8 + Effector T Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:583. [PMID: 29623079 PMCID: PMC5874323 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a pleiotropic cytokine that has both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory functions. The biological functions of TNF are mediated by two receptors, TNF receptor type I (TNFR1) and TNF receptor type II (TNFR2). TNFR1 is expressed universally on almost all cell types and has been extensively studied, whereas TNFR2 is mainly restricted to immune cells and some tumor cells and its role is far from clarified. Studies have shown that TNFR2 mediates the stimulatory activity of TNF on CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) and CD8+Foxp3+ Tregs, and is involved in the phenotypic stability, proliferation, activation, and suppressive activity of Tregs. TNFR2 can also be expressed on CD8+ effector T cells (Teffs), which delivers an activation signal and cytotoxic ability to CD8+ Teffs during the early immune response, as well as an apoptosis signal to terminate the immune response. TNFR2-induced abolition of TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) degradation may play an important role in these processes. Consequently, due to the distribution of TNFR2 and its pleiotropic effects, TNFR2 appears to be critical to keeping the balance between Tregs and Teffs, and may be an efficient therapeutic target for tumor and autoimmune diseases. In this review, we summarize the biological functions of TNFR2 expressed on CD8+Foxp3+ Tregs and CD8+ Teffs, and highlight how TNF uses TNFR2 to coordinate the complex events that ultimately lead to efficient CD8+ T cell-mediated immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lin Ye
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Shan Wei
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi-Ran Niu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiong Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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45
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Brault M, Olsen TM, Martinez J, Stetson DB, Oberst A. Intracellular Nucleic Acid Sensing Triggers Necroptosis through Synergistic Type I IFN and TNF Signaling. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018. [PMID: 29540580 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The sensing of viral nucleic acids within the cytosol is essential for the induction of innate immune responses following infection. However, this sensing occurs within cells that have already been infected. The death of infected cells can be beneficial to the host by eliminating the virus's replicative niche and facilitating the release of inflammatory mediators. In this study, we show that sensing of intracellular DNA or RNA by cGAS-STING or RIG-I-MAVS, respectively, leads to activation of RIPK3 and necroptosis in bone marrow-derived macrophages. Notably, this requires signaling through both type I IFN and TNF receptors, revealing synergy between these pathways to induce cell death. Furthermore, we show that hyperactivation of STING in mice leads to a shock-like phenotype, the mortality of which requires activation of the necroptotic pathway and IFN and TNF cosignaling, demonstrating that necroptosis is one outcome of STING signaling in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Brault
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; and
| | - Tayla M Olsen
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Jennifer Martinez
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709
| | - Daniel B Stetson
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109;
| | - Andrew Oberst
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109;
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46
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Welters MJP, Ma W, Santegoets SJAM, Goedemans R, Ehsan I, Jordanova ES, van Ham VJ, van Unen V, Koning F, van Egmond SI, Charoentong P, Trajanoski Z, van der Velden LA, van der Burg SH. Intratumoral HPV16-Specific T Cells Constitute a Type I-Oriented Tumor Microenvironment to Improve Survival in HPV16-Driven Oropharyngeal Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 24:634-647. [PMID: 29018052 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-2140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer (OPSCC) has a much better prognosis than HPV-negative OPSCC, and this is linked to dense tumor immune infiltration. As the viral antigens may trigger potent immunity, we studied the relationship between the presence of intratumoral HPV-specific T-cell responses, the immune contexture in the tumor microenvironment, and clinical outcome.Experimental Design: To this purpose, an in-depth analysis of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in a prospective cohort of 97 patients with HPV16-positive and HPV16-negative OPSCC was performed using functional T-cell assays, mass cytometry (CyTOF), flow cytometry, and fluorescent immunostaining of tumor tissues. Key findings were validated in a cohort of 75 patients with HPV16-positive OPSCC present in the publicly available The Cancer Genome Atlas database.Results: In 64% of the HPV16-positive tumors, type I HPV16-specific T cells were present. Their presence was not only strongly related to a better overall survival, a smaller tumor size, and less lymph node metastases but also to a type I-oriented tumor microenvironment, including high numbers of activated CD161+ T cells, CD103+ tissue-resident T cells, dendritic cells (DC), and DC-like macrophages.Conclusions: The viral antigens trigger a tumor-specific T-cell response that shapes a favorable immune contexture for the response to standard therapy. Hence, reinforcement of HPV16-specific T-cell reactivity is expected to boost this process. Clin Cancer Res; 24(3); 634-47. ©2017 AACRSee related commentary by Laban and Hoffmann, p. 505.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marij J P Welters
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Wenbo Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Renske Goedemans
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ilina Ehsan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Vanessa J van Ham
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent van Unen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Bank, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Frits Koning
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Bank, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sylvia I van Egmond
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Zlatko Trajanoski
- Division for Bioinformatics, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lilly-Ann van der Velden
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd H van der Burg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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Kim J, Chakraborty S, Jayaprakasha GK, Muthuchamy M, Patil BS. Citrus nomilin down-regulates TNF-α-induced proliferation of aortic smooth muscle cells via apoptosis and inhibition of IκB. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 811:93-100. [PMID: 28551013 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Nomilin is a bitter compound present in citrus and has been demonstrated as useful for various disease preventions through anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and pro-apoptotic activities. Although in vitro disease models have shown that certain limonoids in the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signal cascade, the downstream signaling pathways remain unclear. In this study, the effects of nomilin on the proliferation and apoptotic pathways of human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) that forms the basis of progression of atherosclerotic diseases and restenosis was tested for the first time. The cellular uptake level and stability of nomilin were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and high-resolution mass spectra. Pretreatment of HASMCs with nomilin stimulated extrinsic caspase-8, intrinsic caspase-9, and apoptotic caspase-3 and resulted in significant inhibition of TNF-α-induced proliferation. Additionally, results showed a decreased ratio of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein to pro-apoptotic Bax (Bcl2/Bax), indicating mitochondrial dysfunction consistent with apoptosis. Furthermore, nomilin significantly decreased the phosphorylation of IκBα, an inhibitor of NF-κB and subsequently, reduced the downstream inflammatory signaling in TNF-α treated HASMCs. Our findings indicate that the anti-proliferative activity of nomilin on TNF-α-induced HASMCs results from apoptosis through a mitochondrial-dependent pathway and suppression of inflammatory signaling mediated through NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhee Kim
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845-2119, USA
| | - Sanjukta Chakraborty
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-1114, USA
| | - G K Jayaprakasha
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845-2119, USA
| | - Mariappan Muthuchamy
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845-2119, USA; Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-1114, USA.
| | - Bhimanagouda S Patil
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845-2119, USA.
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Bittner S, Knoll G, Ehrenschwender M. Hyperosmotic stress enhances cytotoxicity of SMAC mimetics. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2967. [PMID: 28771230 PMCID: PMC5596546 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitors of apoptosis (IAP) proteins contribute to cell death resistance in malignancies and emerged as promising targets in cancer therapy. Currently, small molecules mimicking the IAP-antagonizing activity of endogenous second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (SMAC) are evaluated in phase 1/2 clinical trials. In cancer cells, SMAC mimetic (SM)-mediated IAP depletion induces tumor necrosis factor (TNF) secretion and simultaneously sensitizes for TNF-induced cell death. However, tumor cells lacking SM-induced autocrine TNF release survive and thus limit therapeutic efficacy. Here, we show that hyperosmotic stress boosts SM cytotoxicity in human and murine cells through hypertonicity-induced upregulation of TNF with subsequent induction of apoptosis and/or necroptosis. Hypertonicity allowed robust TNF-dependent killing in SM-treated human acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells, which under isotonic conditions resisted SM treatment due to poor SM-induced TNF secretion. Mechanistically, hypertonicity-triggered TNF release bypassed the dependency on SM-induced TNF production to execute SM cytotoxicity, effectively reducing the role of SM to TNF-sensitizing, but not necessarily TNF-inducing agents. Perspectively, these findings could extend the clinical application of SM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Bittner
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Gertrud Knoll
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Martin Ehrenschwender
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, Regensburg 93053, Germany
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