1
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Zheng J, Zhang W, Xu R, Liu L. The role of adiponectin and its receptor signaling in ocular inflammation-associated diseases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 717:150041. [PMID: 38710142 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Ocular inflammation-associated diseases are leading causes of global visual impairment, with limited treatment options. Adiponectin, a hormone primarily secreted by adipose tissue, binds to its receptors, which are widely distributed throughout the body, exerting powerful physiological regulatory effects. The protective role of adiponectin in various inflammatory diseases has gained increasing attention in recent years. Previous studies have confirmed the presence of adiponectin and its receptors in the eyes. Furthermore, adiponectin and its analogs have shown potential as novel drugs for the treatment of inflammatory eye diseases. This article summarizes the evidence for the interplay between adiponectin and inflammatory eye diseases and provides new perspectives on the diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities of adiponectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Optometry and Visual Science, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenqiu Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Optometry and Visual Science, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ran Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Optometry and Visual Science, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Longqian Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Optometry and Visual Science, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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2
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Peng Y, Yao SY, Chen Q, Jin H, Du MQ, Xue YH, Liu S. True or False? Alzheimer's disease is Type 3 Diabetes: Evidences from Bench to Bedside. Ageing Res Rev 2024:102383. [PMID: 38955264 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Globally, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most widespread chronic neurodegenerative disorder, leading to cognitive impairment, such as aphasia and agnosia, as well as mental symptoms, like behavioral abnormalities, that place a heavy psychological and financial burden on the families of the afflicted. Unfortunately, no particular medications exist to treat AD, as the current treatments only impede its progression.The link between AD and type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been increasingly revealed by research; the danger of developing both AD and T2D rises exponentially with age, with T2D being especially prone to AD. This has propelled researchers to investigate the mechanism(s) underlying this connection.A critical review of the relationship between insulin resistance, Aβ, oxidative stress, mitochondrial hypothesis, abnormal phosphorylation of Tau protein, inflammatory response, high blood glucose levels, neurotransmitters and signaling pathways, vascular issues in AD and diabetes, and the similarities between the two diseases, is presented in this review. Grasping the essential mechanisms behind this detrimental interaction may offer chances to devise successful therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Peng
- Neurology Department, Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China; Neurology Department, Affiliated Provincial Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China.
| | - Shun-Yu Yao
- Neurology Department, Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China; Neurology Department, Affiliated Provincial Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Quan Chen
- Neurology Department, Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China; Neurology Department, Affiliated Provincial Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Jin
- Neurology Department, Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China; Neurology Department, Affiliated Provincial Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Miao-Qiao Du
- Neurology Department, Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China; Neurology Department, Affiliated Provincial Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Ya-Hui Xue
- Neurology Department, Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China; Neurology Department, Affiliated Provincial Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Shu Liu
- Neurology Department, Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China; Neurology Department, Affiliated Provincial Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
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3
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Amartumur S, Nguyen H, Huynh T, Kim TS, Woo RS, Oh E, Kim KK, Lee LP, Heo C. Neuropathogenesis-on-chips for neurodegenerative diseases. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2219. [PMID: 38472255 PMCID: PMC10933492 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46554-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Developing diagnostics and treatments for neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) is challenging due to multifactorial pathogenesis that progresses gradually. Advanced in vitro systems that recapitulate patient-like pathophysiology are emerging as alternatives to conventional animal-based models. In this review, we explore the interconnected pathogenic features of different types of ND, discuss the general strategy to modelling NDs using a microfluidic chip, and introduce the organoid-on-a-chip as the next advanced relevant model. Lastly, we overview how these models are being applied in academic and industrial drug development. The integration of microfluidic chips, stem cells, and biotechnological devices promises to provide valuable insights for biomedical research and developing diagnostic and therapeutic solutions for NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarnai Amartumur
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Huong Nguyen
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Thuy Huynh
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Testaverde S Kim
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Ran-Sook Woo
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, 34824, Korea
| | - Eungseok Oh
- Department of Neurology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Kyeong Kyu Kim
- Department of Precision Medicine, Graduate School of Basic Medical Science (GSBMS), Institute for Anti-microbial Resistance Research and Therapeutics, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Luke P Lee
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea.
- Harvard Medical School, Division of Engineering in Medicine and Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
| | - Chaejeong Heo
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea.
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, 16419, Korea.
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4
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Bettinetti-Luque M, Trujillo-Estrada L, Garcia-Fuentes E, Andreo-Lopez J, Sanchez-Varo R, Garrido-Sánchez L, Gómez-Mediavilla Á, López MG, Garcia-Caballero M, Gutierrez A, Baglietto-Vargas D. Adipose tissue as a therapeutic target for vascular damage in Alzheimer's disease. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:840-878. [PMID: 37706346 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue has recently been recognized as an important endocrine organ that plays a crucial role in energy metabolism and in the immune response in many metabolic tissues. With this regard, emerging evidence indicates that an important crosstalk exists between the adipose tissue and the brain. However, the contribution of adipose tissue to the development of age-related diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, remains poorly defined. New studies suggest that the adipose tissue modulates brain function through a range of endogenous biologically active factors known as adipokines, which can cross the blood-brain barrier to reach the target areas in the brain or to regulate the function of the blood-brain barrier. In this review, we discuss the effects of several adipokines on the physiology of the blood-brain barrier, their contribution to the development of Alzheimer's disease and their therapeutic potential. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue From Alzheimer's Disease to Vascular Dementia: Different Roads Leading to Cognitive Decline. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.6/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Bettinetti-Luque
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Laura Trujillo-Estrada
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Garcia-Fuentes
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana Andreo-Lopez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Raquel Sanchez-Varo
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología Humana, Histología Humana, Anatomía Patológica y Educación Física y Deportiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Lourdes Garrido-Sánchez
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ángela Gómez-Mediavilla
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina. Instituto Teófilo Hernando para la I+D de Fármacos, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuela G López
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina. Instituto Teófilo Hernando para la I+D de Fármacos, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IIS-IP), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Melissa Garcia-Caballero
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonia Gutierrez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Baglietto-Vargas
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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5
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Andjelkovic AV, Situ M, Citalan-Madrid AF, Stamatovic SM, Xiang J, Keep RF. Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Normal Aging and Neurodegeneration: Mechanisms, Impact, and Treatments. Stroke 2023; 54:661-672. [PMID: 36848419 PMCID: PMC9993074 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.122.040578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral endothelial cells and their linking tight junctions form a unique, dynamic and multi-functional interface, the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The endothelium is regulated by perivascular cells and components forming the neurovascular unit. This review examines BBB and neurovascular unit changes in normal aging and in neurodegenerative disorders, particularly focusing on Alzheimer disease, cerebral amyloid angiopathy and vascular dementia. Increasing evidence indicates BBB dysfunction contributes to neurodegeneration. Mechanisms underlying BBB dysfunction are outlined (endothelium and neurovascular unit mediated) as is the BBB as a therapeutic target including increasing the uptake of systemically delivered therapeutics across the BBB, enhancing clearance of potential neurotoxic compounds via the BBB, and preventing BBB dysfunction. Finally, a need for novel biomarkers of BBB dysfunction is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuska V. Andjelkovic
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor MI, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor MI, USA
| | - Muyu Situ
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor MI, USA
| | | | | | - Jianming Xiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor MI, USA
| | - Richard F Keep
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor MI, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor MI, USA
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6
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Shan Y, Chen Y, Gu H, Wang Y, Sun Y. Regulatory Basis of Adipokines Leptin and Adiponectin in Epilepsy: from Signaling Pathways to Glucose Metabolism. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:2017-2028. [PMID: 36797447 PMCID: PMC10181973 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03891-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common and severe neurological disorder in which impaired glucose metabolism leads to changes in neuronal excitability that slow or promote the development of epilepsy. Leptin and adiponectin are important mediators regulating glucose metabolism in the peripheral and central nervous systems. Many studies have reported a strong association between epilepsy and these two adipokines involved in multiple signaling cascades and glucose metabolism. Due to the complex regulatory mechanisms between them and various signal activation networks, their role in epilepsy involves many aspects, including the release of inflammatory mediators, oxidative damage, and neuronal apoptosis. This paper aims to summarize the signaling pathways involved in leptin and adiponectin and the regulation of glucose metabolism from the perspective of the pathogenesis of epilepsy. In particular, we discuss the dual effects of leptin in epilepsy and the relationship between antiepileptic drugs and changes in the levels of these two adipokines. Clinical practitioners may need to consider these factors in evaluating clinical drugs. Through this review, we can better understand the specific involvement of leptin and adiponectin in the pathogenesis of epilepsy, provide ideas for further exploration, and bring about practical significance for the treatment of epilepsy, especially for the development of personalized treatment according to individual metabolic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisi Shan
- Department of Neurology, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, 215600, China.,Translational Medical Innovation Center, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, 215600, China
| | - Yeting Chen
- Department of Acupuncture, Zhangjiagang Second People's Hospital, Zhangjiagang, 215600, China
| | - Haiping Gu
- Department of Neurology, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, 215600, China
| | - Yadong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, 215600, China
| | - Yaming Sun
- Department of Neurology, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, 215600, China.
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7
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Ma OKF, Ronsisvalle S, Basile L, Xiang AW, Tomasella C, Sipala F, Pappalardo M, Chan KH, Milardi D, Ng RCL, Guccione S. Identification of a novel adiponectin receptor and opioid receptor dual acting agonist as a potential treatment for diabetic neuropathy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114141. [PMID: 36542987 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a long-term complication of diabetes mellitus, affecting different periphery nerve systems including sensory and motor neurons. Hyperglycemia is the major cause of DN with symptoms such as weakness of balance or coordination, insensitivity to sensation, weakness of the muscles as well as numbness and pain in limbs Analgesic drug such as opioids can be effective to relief neuropathy pain but there is no effective treatment. Adiponectin is an anti-diabetic adipokine, which possesses insulin-sensitizing and neuroprotective effects. In this project, we aim to identify an agent which is dual acting to opioid and adiponectin receptors. Within a virtual screening repositioning campaign, a large collection of compounds with different structures comprehensive of adipoRon-like piperidine derivatives was screened by docking. Recently developed opioid receptor benzomorphanic agonists finally emerged as good ligands to adiponectin receptors showing some 2D and 3D structural similarities with AdipoRon. Particularly, we have identified (+)-MML1017, which has high affinity to the same binding domain of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 as AdipoRon. Our western blot results indicate (+)-MML1017 activates AMPK phosphorylation through both adipoR1 and adipoR2 in neuronal cell line. Moreover, pretreatment of (+)-MML1017 can improve the cell viability with motor neurons under hyperglycermic conditions. The (+)-MML1017 also activates μ-opioid receptor cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Our study identified a novel compound having dual activity on opioid receptors and adiponectin receptors that may have analgesic effects and neuroprotective effects to treat diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Ka-Fai Ma
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Simone Ronsisvalle
- Department of Drug and Health Science, University of Catania, Viale A.Doria 6 ed.2, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Livia Basile
- Department of Drug and Health Science, University of Catania, Viale A.Doria 6 ed.2, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Ariya Weiman Xiang
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Cristina Tomasella
- Department of Drug and Health Science, University of Catania, Viale A.Doria 6 ed.2, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Federica Sipala
- Department of Drug and Health Science, University of Catania, Viale A.Doria 6 ed.2, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Matteo Pappalardo
- Department of Drug and Health Science, University of Catania, Viale A.Doria 6 ed.2, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Koon-Ho Chan
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Danilo Milardi
- CNR (National Research Council of Italy) - Institute of Crystallography, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, I-95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Roy Chun-Laam Ng
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Salvatore Guccione
- Department of Drug and Health Science, University of Catania, Viale A.Doria 6 ed.2, I-95125 Catania, Italy.
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8
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An in vitro study on probable inhibition of cerebrovascular disease by salidroside as a potent small molecule against Aβ aggregation and cytotoxicity in cerebrovascular endothelial cells. ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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9
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Tregub PP, Averchuk AS, Baranich TI, Ryazanova MV, Salmina AB. Physiological and Pathological Remodeling of Cerebral Microvessels. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012683. [PMID: 36293539 PMCID: PMC9603917 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that the remodeling of cerebral microvessels plays an important role in plastic changes in the brain associated with development, experience, learning, and memory consolidation. At the same time, abnormal neoangiogenesis, and deregulated regulation of microvascular regression, or pruning, could contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental diseases, stroke, and neurodegeneration. Aberrant remodeling of microvesselsis associated with blood-brain barrier breakdown, development of neuroinflammation, inadequate microcirculation in active brain regions, and leads to the dysfunction of the neurovascular unit and progressive neurological deficits. In this review, we summarize current data on the mechanisms of blood vessel regression and pruning in brain plasticity and in Alzheimer's-type neurodegeneration. We discuss some novel approaches to modulating cerebral remodeling and preventing degeneration-coupled aberrant microvascular activity in chronic neurodegeneration.
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10
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Jalali N, Khalili P, Bahrampour S, Mahmoudabadi M, Esmaeili Nadimi A, Jalali Z. Cross-sectional study of passive opiate smoking in relation to stroke and some of stroke attributable risk factors in women. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16367. [PMID: 36180565 PMCID: PMC9523171 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20861-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Opiate use is related to neuropathological disorders, stroke and stroke attributable risk factors. However, secondary exposure to opiate in relation to the above-mentioned complications is studied only in animal models and remains to be evaluated in human populations. We tested whether passive exposure to opiate is associated with stroke and the known stroke predictive factors. We carried out a cross-sectional study of 1541 never smoker women who participated in the Rafsanjan Cohort Study (RCS) with their husbands (2015–2017 recruitment phase). RCS is one of the 19 geographic districts of the Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in Iran (PERSIAN cohort study). Unadjusted and adjusted multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship between second-hand opiate exposure (husband opiate smoking after marriage) and the odds ratio of stroke and the following stroke risk factors and predictive parameters: overweight/obesity (BMI > 25), cholesterol (chol) > 200 mg/dl, fasting blood sugar (FBS) > 125 mg/dl, low density lipoprotein (LDL) > 100 mg/dl, triglyceride (TG) > = 150 mg/dl, hypertension, diabetes, and chronic headache. We observed a significant increased adjusted odds ratio (OR) of stroke (OR = 3.43, 95% CI:1.33–8.82) and its risk factors LDL > 100 mg/dl (OR = 1.37, 95% CI:1.01–1.87) and FBS > 125 mg/dl (OR = 1.58, 95% CI:1.08–2.30) in women associated with husbands’ opiate smoking. This relationship was observed after adjusting for the confounding parameters including age, education years, and first-degree family history of the relevant diseases. The increased odds ratio for stroke and high LDL displayed a dose-sensitive trend with years of husband’s opiate smoking after marriage (respective p-trends: 0.02 & 0.01). We did not observe a significant association between passive opiate smoking and high TG, high Chol or the diseases diabetes, hypertension and chronic headache. However, 89% increased odds ratio of chronic headache was observed to be associated with passive opiate smoking for more than 10 years (OR = 1.89, 95% CI:1.02–3.50). We found an increased risk of stroke and high LDL and FBS in women associated with passive opiate smoking. Furthermore, a dose-sensitive connection was found between the risks of stroke, high LDL and chronic headache with the years of passive opiate exposure. Our results point to the necessity of the future analyses, which further assess whether passive opiate exposure could be considered as an independent risk factor for stroke and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Jalali
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjani University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Parvin Khalili
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Saeed Bahrampour
- Student Research Committee, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahmoudabadi
- Student Research Committee, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Ali Esmaeili Nadimi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.,Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjani University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Zahra Jalali
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran. .,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
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11
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Ceramide and Sphingosine-1-Phosphate in Neurodegenerative Disorders and Their Potential Involvement in Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147806. [PMID: 35887154 PMCID: PMC9324343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (ND) are progressive diseases of the nervous system, often without resolutive therapy. They are characterized by a progressive impairment and loss of specific brain regions and neuronal populations. Cellular and animal model studies have identified several molecular mechanisms that play an important role in the pathogenesis of ND. Among them are alterations of lipids, in particular sphingolipids, that play a crucial role in neurodegeneration. Overall, during ND, ceramide-dependent pro-apoptotic signalling is promoted, whereas levels of the neuroprotective spingosine-1-phosphate are reduced. Moreover, ND are characterized by alterations of the metabolism of complex sphingolipids. The finding that altered sphingolipid metabolism has a role in ND suggests that its modulation might provide a useful strategy to identify targets for possible therapies. In this review, based on the current literature, we will discuss how bioactive sphingolipids (spingosine-1-phosphate and ceramide) are involved in some ND (Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) and their possible involvement in therapies.
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12
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Fan Z, Chen X, Liu T, Yu Q, Song Z, Wang F, Li T. Pectin oligosaccharides improved lipid metabolism in white adipose tissue of high-fat diet fed mice. Food Sci Biotechnol 2022; 31:1197-1205. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01109-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Liu P, Zhou X, Zhang H, Wang R, Wu X, Jian W, Li W, Yuan D, Wang Q, Zhao W. Danggui-Shaoyao-San Attenuates Cognitive Impairment via the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis With Regulation of Lipid Metabolism in Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia. Front Immunol 2022; 13:796542. [PMID: 35664001 PMCID: PMC9162091 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.796542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Danggui-Shaoyao-San (DSS) has a long history of being used as a traditional medicine (TCM) and has been reported to show therapeutic effects in alleviating the symptoms of cognitive impairment. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether DSS treatment attenuates cognitive impairment via the microbiota–gut–brain axis in scopolamine-induced amnesia. In this work, we first performed the Morris water maze (MWM) test and novel object recognition (NOR) test to evaluate the memory function of treated C57BL/6N mice. Then we evaluated 16S rRNA for gut microbiota analysis, as well as assessment of blood–brain barrier function and intestinal barrier function and lipid metabolism analysis on tissues from different groups. We hypothesised that DSS may affect brain function and behavior through the gut–brain axis in a bidirectional interplay with both top-down and bottom-up regulation. Furthermore, in order to confirm whether intestinal flora plays a crucial role in scopolamine-induced amnesia, C57BL/6N mice were treated with fecal microbial transplantation (FMT), and then behavioral tests were performed. The mice’s feces were simultaneously evaluated by 16S rRNA analysis. The result supported that the FMT-induced improvement in cognitive function highlights the role of the gut microbiota–brain axis to mediate cognitive function and behavior. Besides theses works, more findings indicated that DSS altered lipid metabolism by activating LXR-PPAR-γ and repaired mucosal barrier dysfunction assessed with a broad range of techniques, which attenuated cognitive impairment via the microbiota–gut–brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piaoxue Liu
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xun Zhou
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolang Wu
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenxuan Jian
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weirong Li
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongsheng Yuan
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Blood-brain barrier leakage in Alzheimer's disease: From discovery to clinical relevance. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 234:108119. [PMID: 35108575 PMCID: PMC9107516 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. AD brain pathology starts decades before the onset of clinical symptoms. One early pathological hallmark is blood-brain barrier dysfunction characterized by barrier leakage and associated with cognitive decline. In this review, we summarize the existing literature on the extent and clinical relevance of barrier leakage in AD. First, we focus on AD animal models and their susceptibility to barrier leakage based on age and genetic background. Second, we re-examine barrier dysfunction in clinical and postmortem studies, summarize changes that lead to barrier leakage in patients and highlight the clinical relevance of barrier leakage in AD. Third, we summarize signaling mechanisms that link barrier leakage to neurodegeneration and cognitive decline in AD. Finally, we discuss clinical relevance and potential therapeutic strategies and provide future perspectives on investigating barrier leakage in AD. Identifying mechanistic steps underlying barrier leakage has the potential to unravel new targets that can be used to develop novel therapeutic strategies to repair barrier leakage and slow cognitive decline in AD and AD-related dementias.
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15
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Clain J, Couret D, Planesse C, Krejbich-Trotot P, Meilhac O, Lefebvre d’Hellencourt C, Viranaicken W, Diotel N. Distribution of Adiponectin Receptors in the Brain of Adult Mouse: Effect of a Single Dose of the Adiponectin Receptor Agonist, AdipoRON, on Ischemic Stroke. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12050680. [PMID: 35625066 PMCID: PMC9139333 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12050680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin exhibits pleiotropic effects, including anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidant, and neuroprotective ones. Although some studies have documented brain expression in different rodent models of its receptors, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, their global distribution remains incomplete. Here, we demonstrated that both AdipoR are widely distributed in the brains of adult mice. Furthermore, by double immunostaining studies, we showed that AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 are mainly expressed in neurons and blood vessels. Then, considering the wide distribution of both receptors and the neuroprotective effects of adiponectin, we tested the therapeutic effect of a single injection of the adiponectin receptor agonist, AdipoRON (5 mg.kg−1), 24 h after stroke in a model of middle cerebral artery occlusion technique (MCAO). Under our experimental conditions, we demonstrated that AdipoRON did not modulate the infarct volume, cell death, neuroinflammatory parameters including microglia activation and oxidative stress. This study suggests that a protocol based on multiple injections of AdipoRON at a higher dose after MCAO could be considered to promote the therapeutic properties of AdipoRON on the brain repair mechanism and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Clain
- Université de la Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Plateforme CYROI, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France; (J.C.); (D.C.); (C.P.); (O.M.); (C.L.d.)
| | - David Couret
- Université de la Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Plateforme CYROI, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France; (J.C.); (D.C.); (C.P.); (O.M.); (C.L.d.)
- CHU de La Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis, France
| | - Cynthia Planesse
- Université de la Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Plateforme CYROI, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France; (J.C.); (D.C.); (C.P.); (O.M.); (C.L.d.)
| | - Pascale Krejbich-Trotot
- Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), INSERM, UMR 1187, CNRS UMR9192, IRD UMR249, Université de La Réunion, 94791 Sainte-Clotilde, France;
| | - Olivier Meilhac
- Université de la Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Plateforme CYROI, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France; (J.C.); (D.C.); (C.P.); (O.M.); (C.L.d.)
- CHU de La Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis, France
| | - Christian Lefebvre d’Hellencourt
- Université de la Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Plateforme CYROI, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France; (J.C.); (D.C.); (C.P.); (O.M.); (C.L.d.)
| | - Wildriss Viranaicken
- Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), INSERM, UMR 1187, CNRS UMR9192, IRD UMR249, Université de La Réunion, 94791 Sainte-Clotilde, France;
- Correspondence: (W.V.); (N.D.)
| | - Nicolas Diotel
- Université de la Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Plateforme CYROI, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France; (J.C.); (D.C.); (C.P.); (O.M.); (C.L.d.)
- Correspondence: (W.V.); (N.D.)
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16
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Zhang R, Jiang L, Li G, Wu J, Tian P, Zhang D, Qin Y, Shi Z, Gao Z, Zhang N, Wang S, Zhou H, Xu S. Advanced Glycosylation End Products Induced Synaptic Deficits and Cognitive Decline Through ROS-JNK-p53/miR-34c/SYT1 Axis in Diabetic Encephalopathy. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 87:843-861. [PMID: 35404278 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: miR-34c has been found to be implicated in the pathological process of Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes, and its complications. Objective: To investigate the underlying mechanisms of miR-34c in the pathogenesis of diabetic encephalopathy (DE). Methods: Diabetes mellitus rats were developed by incorporating a high-fat diet and streptozotocin injection. Morris water maze test and novel object recognition test were used to assess the cognitive function of rats. Expression of miR-34c were detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization and qRT-PCR. Immunofluorescence and western blot were used to evaluate synaptotagmin 1 (SYT1) and AdipoR2 or other proteins. Golgi staining was performed to investigate dendritic spine density. Results: The increased miR-34c induced by advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) was mediated by ROS-JNK-p53 pathway, but not ROS-Rb-E2F1 pathway, in hippocampus of DE rats or in HT-22 cells. miR-34c negatively regulated the expression of SYT1, but not AdipoR2, in hippocampal neurons. miR-34c inhibitor rescued the AGE-induced decrease in the density of dendritic spines in primary hippocampal neurons. Administration of AM34c by the intranasal delivery increased the hippocampus levels of SYT1 and ameliorated the cognitive function in DE rats. The serum levels of miR-34c were increased in patients with DE comparing with normal controls. Conclusion: These results demonstrated that AGE-induced oxidative stress mediated increase of miR-34c through ROS-JNK-p53 pathway, resulting in synaptic deficits and cognitive decline by targeting SYT1 in DE, and the miR-34c/SYT1 axis could be considered as a novel therapeutic target for DE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Guofeng Li
- Hebei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - JingJing Wu
- Clinical Laboratory, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Pei Tian
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Di Zhang
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Yushi Qin
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Zhongli Shi
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - ZhaoYu Gao
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Huimin Zhou
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Shunjiang Xu
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
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Activation of AdipoR1 with rCTRP9 Preserves BBB Integrity through the APPL1/AMPK/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in ICH Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:2801263. [PMID: 34925690 PMCID: PMC8674037 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2801263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background The disruption of the blood brain barrier (BBB) is the key factor leading to neurological impairment after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) injury. Adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) has an important effect contributing to the integrity of BBB. As a homologue of adiponectin, recombinant C1q/TNF-related protein 9 (rCTRP9) has neuroprotective effect in cerebrovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of AdipoR1 activation with rCTRP9 on BBB integrity after ICH injury and the potential mechanisms. Methods 177 male mice were subjected in this study. ICH was induced by injecting collagenase into the right basal ganglia. rCTRP9 was treated intranasally at 1 hour after ICH. Selective siRNA was administered prior to ICH. Western blot, immunofluorescence staining, neurobehavioral tests, and BBB permeability were evaluated. Results ICH increased the expression of endogenous AdipoR1 and CTRP9. Administration of rCTRP9 ameliorated neurological deficits and reduced the BBB permeability at 24 hours in ICH mice. Furthermore, rCTRP9 promoted the expression of AdipoR1, APPL1, p-AMPK, Nrf2, and tight junctional proteins. The intervention of specific siRNA of AdipoR1, APPL1, and p-AMPK reversed the protective effects of rCTRP9. Conclusions Activation of AdipoR1 with rCTRP9 improved neurological functions and preserved BBB integrity through the APPL1/AMPK/Nrf2 signaling pathway in ICH mice. Therefore, CTRP9 could serve as a promising therapeutic method to alleviate BBB injury following ICH in patients.
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18
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Parodi-Rullán RM, Javadov S, Fossati S. Dissecting the Crosstalk between Endothelial Mitochondrial Damage, Vascular Inflammation, and Neurodegeneration in Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy and Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112903. [PMID: 34831125 PMCID: PMC8616424 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent cause of dementia and is pathologically characterized by the presence of parenchymal senile plaques composed of amyloid β (Aβ) and intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated tau protein. The accumulation of Aβ also occurs within the cerebral vasculature in over 80% of AD patients and in non-demented individuals, a condition called cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). The development of CAA is associated with neurovascular dysfunction, blood–brain barrier (BBB) leakage, and persistent vascular- and neuro-inflammation, eventually leading to neurodegeneration. Although pathologically AD and CAA are well characterized diseases, the chronology of molecular changes that lead to their development is still unclear. Substantial evidence demonstrates defects in mitochondrial function in various cells of the neurovascular unit as well as in the brain parenchyma during the early stages of AD and CAA. Dysfunctional mitochondria release danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that activate a wide range of inflammatory pathways. In this review, we gather evidence to postulate a crucial role of the mitochondria, specifically of cerebral endothelial cells, as sensors and initiators of Aβ-induced vascular inflammation. The activated vasculature recruits circulating immune cells into the brain parenchyma, leading to the development of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in AD and CAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M. Parodi-Rullán
- Alzheimer’s Center at Temple, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA;
| | - Sabzali Javadov
- Department of Physiology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, PR 00921, USA;
| | - Silvia Fossati
- Alzheimer’s Center at Temple, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-215-707-6046
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19
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Kim H, Jun S, Kim BS, Kim IJ. Serum Adiponectin in Alzheimer's Disease (AD): Association with AD Biomarkers and Cognitive Outcome. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 84:1163-1172. [PMID: 34633322 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between dementia and serum adiponectin has been evaluated in many studies; however, conclusions remain mixed. OBJECTIVE We investigated the cross-sectional associations of adiponectin with cognitive function and Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers and whether serum adiponectin levels can predict cognitive outcomes. METHODS This study included 496 participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative 1 (ADNI1) with available serum adiponectin levels at baseline and ≥65 years of age. Subjects were stratified based on sex and apolipoprotein ɛ4 (APOE4) carrier status to determine associations between adiponectin and cognitive function. The linear mixed model was used to analyze associations between adiponectin level and cognitive outcome in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) patients. RESULTS Serum adiponectin levels were higher in aMCI and AD than in CN subjects among APOE4 non-carrier males (adiponectin in CN, aMCI, and AD: 0.54±0.24, 0.74±0.25, and 0.85±0.25, respectively, p < 0.001). In this group, serum adiponectin levels were associated with age (p = 0.001), ADAS13 (p < 0.001), memory function (p < 0.001), executive function (p < 0.001), total tau (p < 0.001), and phosphorylated tau (p < 0.001) measures in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Higher adiponectin level was not associated with cognitive outcome in aMCI patients in the linear mixed model analysis over 5.3±2.6 years of mean follow-up. CONCLUSION Serum adiponectin level was associated with cognitive function and CSF AD biomarkers among APOE4 non-carrier males. However, serum adiponectin level was not associated with longitudinal cognitive function outcome in aMCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heeyoung Kim
- Departement of Nuclear Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, University of Kosin College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmin Jun
- Departement of Nuclear Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, University of Kosin College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Soo Kim
- Departement of Nuclear Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, University of Kosin College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Joo Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Miao W, Jiang L, Xu F, Lyu J, Jiang X, He M, Liu Y, Yang T, Leak RK, Stetler RA, Chen J, Hu X. Adiponectin ameliorates hypoperfusive cognitive deficits by boosting a neuroprotective microglial response. Prog Neurobiol 2021; 205:102125. [PMID: 34333040 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VaD) is the second most common type of dementia caused by chronic vascular hypoperfusion. Adiponectin, one of the cytokines produced by adipocytes (adipocytokine), plays a role in CNS pathologies, but its specific function in VaD is unknown. Here, transcriptomic analyses on human brain tissues showed downregulation of adipocytokine/PPAR signaling in VaD patients, with prominent upregulation of pro-inflammatory responses. Using the murine asymmetric common carotid artery stenosis (ACAS) model, we discovered that the adiponectin/PPARγ axis is essential in reducing chronic hypoperfusion-induced cognitive deficits via modulation of microglial function. Adiponectin levels in the plasma increased early after VaD induction, but decreased in the cerebrospinal fluid in the late phase of VaD. Adiponectin deficiency worsened hippocampus-dependent cognitive deficits, exacerbated neuroinflammation and microglia/macrophage activation, and amplified neuronal loss, but these behavioral and histological outcomes were rescued by adipoRon, a small molecule agonist of the adiponectin receptors. AdipoRon boosted PPARγ expression and inhibited pro-inflammatory microglial responses in vitro, thereby protecting ischemic neurons in primary microglia-neuron cocultures. Microglia/macrophage-specific knockout of PPARγ abolished the neuroprotective effects of adipoRon. Collectively, these data confirm the importance of adiponectin/PPARγ signaling in maintaining cognitive functions in chronic hypoperfusion-induced dementia, and thus provide novel therapeutic targets for VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Miao
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Liyuan Jiang
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Fei Xu
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Junxuan Lyu
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Jiang
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Maxine He
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Yaan Liu
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Tuo Yang
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Rehana K Leak
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA
| | - R Anne Stetler
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
| | - Xiaoming Hu
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
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Kim S, Moon GJ, Kim HJ, Kim DG, Kim J, Nam Y, Sharma C, Leem E, Lee S, Kim KS, Ha CM, McLean C, Jin BK, Shin WH, Kim DW, Oh YS, Hong CW, Kim SR. Control of hippocampal prothrombin kringle-2 (pKr-2) expression reduces neurotoxic symptoms in five familial Alzheimer's disease mice. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:998-1016. [PMID: 34524687 PMCID: PMC9298060 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose There is a scarcity of information regarding the role of prothrombin kringle‐2 (pKr‐2), which can be generated by active thrombin, in hippocampal neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Experimental Approach To assess the role of pKr‐2 in association with the neurotoxic symptoms of AD, we determined pKr‐2 protein levels in post‐mortem hippocampal tissues of patients with AD and the hippocampi of five familial AD (5XFAD) mice compared with those of age‐matched controls and wild‐type (WT) mice, respectively. In addition, we investigated whether the hippocampal neurodegeneration and object memory impairments shown in 5XFAD mice were mediated by changes to pKr‐2 up‐regulation. Key Results Our results demonstrated that pKr‐2 was up‐regulated in the hippocampi of patients with AD and 5XFAD mice, but was not associated with amyloid‐β aggregation in 5XFAD mice. The up‐regulation of pKr‐2 expression was inhibited by preservation of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) via addition of caffeine to their water supply or by treatment with rivaroxaban, an inhibitor of factor Xa that is associated with thrombin production. Moreover, the prevention of up‐regulation of pKr‐2 expression reduced neurotoxic symptoms, such as hippocampal neurodegeneration and object recognition decline due to neurotoxic inflammatory responses in 5XFAD mice. Conclusion and Implications We identified a novel pathological mechanism of AD mediated by abnormal accumulation of pKr‐2, which functions as an important pathogenic factor in the adult brain via blood brain barrier (BBB) breakdown. Thus, pKr‐2 represents a novel target for AD therapeutic strategies and those for related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehwan Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Gyeong Joon Moon
- School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,Center for Cell Therapy, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Jun Kim
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Korea
| | - Do-Geun Kim
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jaekwang Kim
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Korea
| | - Youngpyo Nam
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Chanchal Sharma
- School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Eunju Leem
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Shinrye Lee
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kyu-Sung Kim
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Korea
| | - Chang Man Ha
- Brain Research Core Facilities, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Korea
| | - Catriona McLean
- Victorian Brain Bank Network, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Byung Kwan Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won-Ho Shin
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Dong Woon Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yong-Seok Oh
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Korea
| | - Chang-Won Hong
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sang Ryong Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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22
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Wang D, Chen F, Han Z, Yin Z, Ge X, Lei P. Relationship Between Amyloid-β Deposition and Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:695479. [PMID: 34349624 PMCID: PMC8326917 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.695479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) is the predominant pathologic protein in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The production and deposition of Aβ are important factors affecting AD progression and prognosis. The deposition of neurotoxic Aβ contributes to damage of the blood-brain barrier. However, the BBB is also crucial in maintaining the normal metabolism of Aβ, and dysfunction of the BBB aggravates Aβ deposition. This review characterizes Aβ deposition and BBB damage in AD, summarizes their interactions, and details their respective mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Zhaoli Han
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenyu Yin
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Xintong Ge
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Lei
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin, China
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23
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Lee TH, Christie BR, Lin K, Siu PMF, Zhang L, Yuan TF, Komal P, Xu A, So KF, Yau SY. Chronic AdipoRon Treatment Mimics the Effects of Physical Exercise on Restoring Hippocampal Neuroplasticity in Diabetic Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:4666-4681. [PMID: 34164760 PMCID: PMC8487422 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02441-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Administration of exercise mimetic drugs could be a novel therapeutic approach to combat comorbid neurodegeneration and metabolic syndromes. Adiponectin is an adipocyte-secreted hormone. In addition to its antidiabetic effect, adiponectin mediates the antidepressant effect of physical exercise associated with adult hippocampal neurogenesis. The antidiabetic effect of the adiponectin receptor agonist AdipoRon has been demonstrated, but its potential pro-cognitive and neurotrophic effects in the hippocampus under diabetic condition are still unclear. This study reported that chronic AdipoRon treatment for 2 weeks improved hippocampal-dependent spatial recognition memory in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Besides, AdipoRon treatment increased progenitor cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) of diabetic mice. Furthermore, AdipoRon treatment significantly increased dendritic complexity, spine density, and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in the dentate region, and increased BDNF levels in the DG of diabetic mice. AdipoRon treatment activated AMPK/PGC-1α signalling in the DG, whereas increases in cell proliferation and LTP were not observed when PGC-1α signalling was pharmacologically inhibited. In sum, chronic AdipoRon treatment partially mimics the benefits of physical exercise for learning and memory and hippocampal neuroplasticity in the diabetic brain. The results suggested that AdipoRon could be a potential physical exercise mimetic to improve hippocampal plasticity and hence rescue learning and memory impairment typically associated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Brian R Christie
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kangguang Lin
- Department of Affective Disorder, Guangzhou Brain Hospital, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Parco Ming-Fai Siu
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ti-Fei Yuan
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pragya Komal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad), Hyderabad, India
| | - Aimin Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Suk-Yu Yau
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR.
- University Research Facility in Behavioral and Systems Neuroscience, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR.
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24
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Ali T, Rehman SU, Khan A, Badshah H, Abid NB, Kim MW, Jo MH, Chung SS, Lee HG, Rutten BPF, Kim MO. Adiponectin-mimetic novel nonapeptide rescues aberrant neuronal metabolic-associated memory deficits in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2021; 16:23. [PMID: 33849621 PMCID: PMC8042910 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00445-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, we and other researchers reported that brain metabolic disorders are implicated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a progressive, devastating and incurable neurodegenerative disease. Hence, novel therapeutic approaches are urgently needed to explore potential and novel therapeutic targets/agents for the treatment of AD. The neuronal adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) is an emerging potential target for intervention in metabolic-associated AD. We aimed to validate this hypothesis and explore in-depth the therapeutic effects of an osmotin-derived adiponectin-mimetic novel nonapeptide (Os-pep) on metabolic-associated AD. Methods We used an Os-pep dosage regimen (5 μg/g, i.p., on alternating days for 45 days) for APP/PS1 in amyloid β oligomer-injected, transgenic adiponectin knockout (Adipo−/−) and AdipoR1 knockdown mice. After behavioral studies, brain tissues were subjected to biochemical and immunohistochemical analyses. In separate cohorts of mice, electrophysiolocal and Golgi staining experiments were performed. To validate the in vivo studies, we used human APP Swedish (swe)/Indiana (ind)-overexpressing neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, which were subjected to knockdown of AdipoR1 and APMK with siRNAs, treated with Os-pep and other conditions as per the mechanistic approach, and we proceeded to perform further biochemical analyses. Results Our in vitro and in vivo results show that Os-pep has good safety and neuroprotection profiles and crosses the blood-brain barrier. We found reduced levels of neuronal AdipoR1 in human AD brain tissue. Os-pep stimulates AdipoR1 and its downstream target, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling, in AD and Adipo−/− mice. Mechanistically, in all of the in vivo and in vitro studies, Os-pep rescued aberrant neuronal metabolism by reducing neuronal insulin resistance and activated downstream insulin signaling through regulation of AdipoR1/AMPK signaling to consequently improve the memory functions of the AD and Adipo−/− mice, which was associated with improved synaptic function and long-term potentiation via an AdipoR1-dependent mechanism. Conclusion Our findings show that Os-pep activates AdipoR1/AMPK signaling and regulates neuronal insulin resistance and insulin signaling, which subsequently rescues memory deficits in AD and adiponectin-deficient models. Taken together, the results indicate that Os-pep, as an adiponectin-mimetic novel nonapeptide, is a valuable and promising potential therapeutic candidate to treat aberrant brain metabolism associated with AD and other neurodegenerative diseases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13024-021-00445-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Ali
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21 Four), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Shafiq Ur Rehman
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21 Four), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Amjad Khan
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21 Four), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Haroon Badshah
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21 Four), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Noman Bin Abid
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21 Four), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Woo Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21 Four), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeung Hoon Jo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21 Four), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Soo Chung
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Gon Lee
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Bart P F Rutten
- Translational Neuroscience and Psychiatry, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Myeong Ok Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21 Four), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Li YA, Liu ZG, Zhang YP, Hou HT, He GW, Xue LG, Yang Q, Liu XC. Differential expression profiles of circular RNAs in the rat hippocampus after deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. Artif Organs 2021; 45:866-880. [PMID: 33432632 DOI: 10.1111/aor.13910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Neurological dysfunction commonly occurs after cardiac surgery with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA). The mechanisms underlying DHCA-associated brain injury remain poorly understood. This study determined the changes in expression profiles of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in the hippocampus in rats that underwent DHCA, with an attempt to explore the potential role of circRNAs in the brain injury associated with DHCA. Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to cardiopulmonary bypass with DHCA. Brain injury was evaluated by neurological severity scores and histological as well as transmission electron microscope examinations. The expression profiles of circRNAs in the hippocampal tissues were screened by microarray. Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to validate the reliability of the microarray results. Bioinformatic algorithms were applied to construct a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network, and Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed to explore the potential biological roles of the circRNAs. Out of 14 145 circRNAs screened, 56 were differentially expressed in the hippocampus between the DHCA and sham-operated rats, including 30 upregulated and 26 downregulated circRNAs. The expression changes of six selected circRNAs (upregulated: rno_circRNA_011190, rno_circRNA_012988, rno_circRNA_000544; downregulated: rno_circRNA_010393, rno_circRNA_012043, rno_circRNA_015149) were further confirmed by RT-qPCR. Bioinformatics analysis showed the enrichment of these confirmed circRNAs and their potential target mRNAs in several KEGG pathways including histidine metabolism, adipocytokine signaling, and cAMP signaling. By revealing the change expression profiles of circRNAs in the brain after DHCA, this study indicates possible involvements of these dysregulated circRNAs in brain injury and suggests a potential of targeting circRNAs for prevention and treatment of neurological dysfunction associated with DHCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ai Li
- Center for Basic Medical Research & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Liu
- Center for Basic Medical Research & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - You-Peng Zhang
- Center for Basic Medical Research & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Hai-Tao Hou
- Center for Basic Medical Research & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Guo-Wei He
- Center for Basic Medical Research & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.,Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Lan-Gang Xue
- Center for Basic Medical Research & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Center for Basic Medical Research & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Cheng Liu
- Center for Basic Medical Research & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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26
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McCarty MF, DiNicolantonio JJ, Lerner A. A Fundamental Role for Oxidants and Intracellular Calcium Signals in Alzheimer's Pathogenesis-And How a Comprehensive Antioxidant Strategy May Aid Prevention of This Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2140. [PMID: 33669995 PMCID: PMC7926325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and increased cytoplasmic calcium are key mediators of the detrimental effects on neuronal function and survival in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Pathways whereby these perturbations arise, and then prevent dendritic spine formation, promote tau hyperphosphorylation, further amplify amyloid β generation, and induce neuronal apoptosis, are described. A comprehensive program of nutraceutical supplementation, comprised of the NADPH oxidase inhibitor phycocyanobilin, phase two inducers, the mitochondrial antioxidant astaxanthin, and the glutathione precursor N-acetylcysteine, may have important potential for antagonizing the toxic effects of amyloid β on neurons and thereby aiding prevention of AD. Moreover, nutraceutical antioxidant strategies may oppose the adverse impact of amyloid β oligomers on astrocyte clearance of glutamate, and on the ability of brain capillaries to export amyloid β monomers/oligomers from the brain. Antioxidants, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and vitamin D, have potential for suppressing microglial production of interleukin-1β, which potentiates the neurotoxicity of amyloid β. Epidemiology suggests that a health-promoting lifestyle, incorporating a prudent diet, regular vigorous exercise, and other feasible measures, can cut the high risk for AD among the elderly by up to 60%. Conceivably, complementing such lifestyle measures with long-term adherence to the sort of nutraceutical regimen outlined here may drive down risk for AD even further.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aaron Lerner
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, The Zabludowicz Research Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Tel Hashomer 5262000, Israel
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27
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CdSe/ZnS Core-Shell-Type Quantum Dot Nanoparticles Disrupt the Cellular Homeostasis in Cellular Blood-Brain Barrier Models. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031068. [PMID: 33499077 PMCID: PMC7866238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Two immortalized brain microvascular endothelial cell lines (hCMEC/D3 and RBE4, of human and rat origin, respectively) were applied as an in vitro model of cellular elements of the blood–brain barrier in a nanotoxicological study. We evaluated the impact of CdSe/ZnS core-shell-type quantum dot nanoparticles on cellular homeostasis, using gold nanoparticles as a largely bioorthogonal control. While the investigated nanoparticles had surprisingly negligible acute cytotoxicity in the evaluated models, a multi-faceted study of barrier-related phenotypes and cell condition revealed a complex pattern of homeostasis disruption. Interestingly, some features of the paracellular barrier phenotype (transendothelial electrical resistance, tight junction protein gene expression) were improved by exposure to nanoparticles in a potential hormetic mechanism. However, mitochondrial potential and antioxidant defences largely collapsed under these conditions, paralleled by a strong pro-apoptotic shift in a significant proportion of cells (evidenced by apoptotic protein gene expression, chromosomal DNA fragmentation, and membrane phosphatidylserine exposure). Taken together, our results suggest a reactive oxygen species-mediated cellular mechanism of blood–brain barrier damage by quantum dots, which may be toxicologically significant in the face of increasing human exposure to this type of nanoparticles, both intended (in medical applications) and more often unintended (from consumer goods-derived environmental pollution).
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28
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Pratap AA, Holsinger RMD. Altered Brain Leptin and Leptin Receptor Expression in the 5XFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E401. [PMID: 33218163 PMCID: PMC7698839 DOI: 10.3390/ph13110401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Interestingly, individuals with metabolic syndromes share some pathologies with those diagnosed with AD including neuroinflammation, insulin resistance and cognitive deficits. Leptin, an adipocyte-derived hormone, regulates metabolism, energy expenditure and satiety via its receptor, LepR. To investigate the possible involvement of leptin in AD, we examined the distribution of leptin and LepR in the brains of the 5XFAD mouse model of AD, utilizing immunofluorescent staining in young (10-12-weeks; n = 6) and old (48-52-weeks; n = 6) transgenic (Tg) mice, together with age-matched wild-type (WT) controls for both age groups (young-WT, n = 6; old-WT, n = 6). We also used double immunofluorescent staining to examine the distribution of leptin and leptin receptor expression in astrocytes. In young 5XFAD, young-WT and old-WT mice, we observed neuronal and endothelial expression of leptin and LepR throughout the brain. However, neuronal leptin and LepR expression in the old 5XFAD brain was significantly diminished. Reduced neuronal leptin and LepR expression was accompanied by plaque loading and neuroinflammation in the AD brain. A marked increase in astrocytic leptin and LepR was also observed in old 5XFAD mice compared to younger 5XFAD mice. We postulate that astrocytes may utilize LepR signalling to mediate and drive their metabolically active state when degrading amyloid in the AD brain. Overall, these findings provide evidence of impaired leptin and LepR signalling in the AD brain, supporting clinical and epidemiological studies performed in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anishchal A. Pratap
- Brain and Mind Centre, Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Dementia, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia;
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - R. M. Damian Holsinger
- Brain and Mind Centre, Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Dementia, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia;
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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29
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Lee BK, Hyun SW, Jung YS. Yuzu and Hesperidin Ameliorate Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption during Hypoxia via Antioxidant Activity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090843. [PMID: 32916895 PMCID: PMC7555663 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Yuzu and its main component, hesperidin (HSP), have several health benefits owing to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. We examined the effects of yuzu and HSP on blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction during ischemia/hypoxia in an in vivo animal model and an in vitro BBB endothelial cell model, and also investigated the underlying mechanisms. In an in vitro BBB endothelial cell model, BBB permeability was determined by measurement of Evans blue extravasation in vivo and in vitro. The expression of tight junction proteins, such as claudin-5 and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), was detected by immunochemistry and western blotting, and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was measured by 2'7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate intensity. Yuzu and HSP significantly ameliorated the increase in BBB permeability and the disruption of claudin-5 and ZO-1 in both in vivo and in vitro models. In bEnd.3 cells, yuzu and HSP were shown to inhibit the disruption of claudin-5 and ZO-1 during hypoxia, and the protective effects of yuzu and HSP on claudin-5 degradation seemed to be mediated by Forkhead box O 3a (FoxO3a) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3/9. In addition, well-known antioxidants, trolox and N-acetyl cysteine, significantly attenuated the BBB permeability increase, disruption of claudin-5 and ZO-1, and FoxO3a activation during hypoxia, suggesting that ROS are important mediators of BBB dysfunction during hypoxia. Collectively, these results indicate that yuzu and HSP protect the BBB against dysfunction via maintaining integrity of claudin-5 and ZO-1, and these effects of yuzu and HSP appear to be a facet of their antioxidant properties. Our findings may contribute to therapeutic strategies for BBB-associated neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Kyung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea, (S.-W.H.)
| | - Soo-Wang Hyun
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea, (S.-W.H.)
| | - Yi-Sook Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea, (S.-W.H.)
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-219-3444
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30
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Zhang T, Tian C, Wu J, Zhang Y, Wang J, Kong Q, Mu L, Sun B, Ai T, Wang Y, Zhao W, Wang D, Li H, Wang G. MicroRNA-182 exacerbates blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption by downregulating the mTOR/FOXO1 pathway in cerebral ischemia. FASEB J 2020; 34:13762-13775. [PMID: 32808351 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201903092r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia causes damage to the structure and function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and alleviating BBB destruction will be of great significance for the treatment and prognosis of ischemic stroke. Recently, microRNAs have been shown to play a critical role in BBB integrity. However, the potential mechanism by which microRNA-182 (miR-182) affects the BBB in ischemic stroke remains unclear. We demonstrated for the first time that cerebral ischemia leads to a significant progressive increase in miR-182 after pMCAO, and bEnd.3 cells are the primary target cells of miR-182. In miR-182 KD transgenic mice, infarct volume, and BBB permeability were attenuated, and tight junction (TJ) proteins increased. Inhibition of miR-182 with an antagomir reduced OGD-induced apoptosis of bEnd.3 cells and the loss of ZO-1 and Occludin. To further explore the mechanism by which miR-182 regulates BBB integrity, we detected the apoptotic proteins Bcl-2/Bax and demonstrated that mTOR and FOXO1 were the targets of miR-182. Inhibition of mTOR/FOXO1 by rapamycin/AS1842856 decreased the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax and exacerbated TJ protein loss. Taken together, inhibition of miR-182 protects BBB integrity by reducing endothelial cell apoptosis through the mTOR/FOXO1 pathway. Thus, miR-182 may be a potential target for the treatment of BBB disruption during cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongshuai Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chao Tian
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinrong Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Anaesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jinghua Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qingfei Kong
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lili Mu
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tianhong Ai
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Wu Lian De Memorial Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hulun Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Guangyou Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Pratap AA, Holsinger RMD. Altered Brain Adiponectin Receptor Expression in the 5XFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E150. [PMID: 32664663 PMCID: PMC7407895 DOI: 10.3390/ph13070150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndromes share common pathologies with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Adiponectin, an adipocyte-derived protein, regulates energy metabolism via its receptors, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2. To investigate the distribution of adiponectin receptors (AdipoRs) in Alzheimer's, we examined their expression in the aged 5XFAD mouse model of AD. In age-matched wild-type mice, we observed neuronal expression of both ARs throughout the brain as well as endothelial expression of AdipoR1. The pattern of receptor expression in the aged 5XFAD brain was significantly perturbed. Here, we observed decreased neuronal expression of both ARs and decreased endothelial expression of AdipoR1, but robust expression of AdipoR2 in activated astrocytes. We also observed AdipoR2-expressing astrocytes in the dorsomedial hypothalamic and thalamic mediodorsal nuclei, suggesting the possibility that astrocytes utilise AdipoR2 signalling to fuel their activated state in the AD brain. These findings provide further evidence of a metabolic disturbance and demonstrate a potential shift in energy utilisation in the AD brain, supporting imaging studies performed in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anishchal A. Pratap
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Dementia, Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia;
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - R. M. Damian Holsinger
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Dementia, Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia;
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Liu H, Wu X, Luo J, Zhao L, Li X, Guo H, Bai H, Cui W, Guo W, Feng D, Qu Y. Adiponectin peptide alleviates oxidative stress and NLRP3 inflammasome activation after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating AMPK/GSK-3β. Exp Neurol 2020; 329:113302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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CTRP9: An emerging potential anti-aging molecule in brain. Cell Signal 2020; 73:109694. [PMID: 32540339 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
C1q/tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related proteins (CTRPs) particularly CTRP9, have been established to be as adiponectin (APN) highly conserved paralogs which assemble several APN regulatory functions. Recently, growing body of evidences drawn significant attention to evaluate metabolic and cardiovascular effect of CTRP9. However, the potential role of CTRP9 in brain tissue has not yet fully illustrated. Here, we aimed to uncover latest advances regarding the CTRP9 related signaling pathways and during brain aging process.
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Jash K, Gondaliya P, Kirave P, Kulkarni B, Sunkaria A, Kalia K. Cognitive dysfunction: A growing link between diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. Drug Dev Res 2020; 81:144-164. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kavya Jash
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad Gandhinagar Gujarat India
| | - Piyush Gondaliya
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad Gandhinagar Gujarat India
| | - Prathibha Kirave
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad Gandhinagar Gujarat India
| | - Bhagyashri Kulkarni
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad Gandhinagar Gujarat India
| | - Aditya Sunkaria
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad Gandhinagar Gujarat India
| | - Kiran Kalia
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad Gandhinagar Gujarat India
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35
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Chen R, Shu Y, Zeng Y. Links Between Adiponectin and Dementia: From Risk Factors to Pathophysiology. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 11:356. [PMID: 31969813 PMCID: PMC6960116 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With the aging population, dementia is becoming one of the most serious and troublesome global public health issues. Numerous studies have been seeking for effective strategies to delay or block its progression, but with little success. In recent years, adiponectin (APN) as one of the most abundant and multifunctional adipocytokines related to anti-inflammation, regulating glycogen metabolism and inhibiting insulin resistance (IR) and anti-atherosclerosis, has attracted widespread attention. In this article, we summarize recent studies that have contributed to a better understanding of the extent to which APN influences the risks of developing dementia as well as its pathophysiological progression. In addition, some controversial results interlinked with its effects on cognitive dysfunction diseases will be critically discussed. Ultimately, we aim to gain a novel insight into the pleiotropic effects of APN levels in circulation and suggest potential therapeutic target and future research strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- RuiJuan Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Shu
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Department of Geriatrics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Sasannejad C, Ely EW, Lahiri S. Long-term cognitive impairment after acute respiratory distress syndrome: a review of clinical impact and pathophysiological mechanisms. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2019; 23:352. [PMID: 31718695 PMCID: PMC6852966 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-019-2626-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) survivors experience a high prevalence of cognitive impairment with concomitantly impaired functional status and quality of life, often persisting months after hospital discharge. In this review, we explore the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment following ARDS, the interrelations between mechanisms and risk factors, and interventions that may mitigate the risk of cognitive impairment. Risk factors for cognitive decline following ARDS include pre-existing cognitive impairment, neurological injury, delirium, mechanical ventilation, prolonged exposure to sedating medications, sepsis, systemic inflammation, and environmental factors in the intensive care unit, which can co-occur synergistically in various combinations. Detection and characterization of pre-existing cognitive impairment imparts challenges in clinical management and longitudinal outcome study enrollment. Patients with brain injury who experience ARDS constitute a distinct population with a particular combination of risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms: considerations raised by brain injury include neurogenic pulmonary edema, differences in sympathetic activation and cholinergic transmission, effects of positive end-expiratory pressure on cerebral microcirculation and intracranial pressure, and sensitivity to vasopressor use and volume status. The blood-brain barrier represents a physiological interface at which multiple mechanisms of cognitive impairment interact, as acute blood-brain barrier weakening from mechanical ventilation and systemic inflammation can compound existing chronic blood-brain barrier dysfunction from Alzheimer’s-type pathophysiology, rendering the brain vulnerable to both amyloid-beta accumulation and cytokine-mediated hippocampal damage. Although some contributory elements, such as the presenting brain injury or pre-existing cognitive impairment, may be irreversible, interventions such as minimizing mechanical ventilation tidal volume, minimizing duration of exposure to sedating medications, maintaining hemodynamic stability, optimizing fluid balance, and implementing bundles to enhance patient care help dramatically to reduce duration of delirium and may help prevent acquisition of long-term cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cina Sasannejad
- Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - E Wesley Ely
- Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, Survivorship (CIBS) Center, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Veteran's Affairs Tennessee Valley Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shouri Lahiri
- Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd, AHSP Building, Suite A6600, A8103, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA. .,Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd, AHSP Building, Suite A6600, A8103, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA. .,Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd, AHSP Building, Suite A6600, A8103, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
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The Novel Perspectives of Adipokines on Brain Health. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225638. [PMID: 31718027 PMCID: PMC6887733 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
First seen as a fat-storage tissue, the adipose tissue is considered as a critical player in the endocrine system. Precisely, adipose tissue can produce an array of bioactive factors, including cytokines, lipids, and extracellular vesicles, which target various systemic organ systems to regulate metabolism, homeostasis, and immune response. The global effects of adipokines on metabolic events are well defined, but their impacts on brain function and pathology remain poorly defined. Receptors of adipokines are widely expressed in the brain. Mounting evidence has shown that leptin and adiponectin can cross the blood–brain barrier, while evidence for newly identified adipokines is limited. Significantly, adipocyte secretion is liable to nutritional and metabolic states, where defective circuitry, impaired neuroplasticity, and elevated neuroinflammation are symptomatic. Essentially, neurotrophic and anti-inflammatory properties of adipokines underlie their neuroprotective roles in neurodegenerative diseases. Besides, adipocyte-secreted lipids in the bloodstream can act endocrine on the distant organs. In this article, we have reviewed five adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, chemerin, apelin, visfatin) and two lipokines (palmitoleic acid and lysophosphatidic acid) on their roles involving in eating behavior, neurotrophic and neuroprotective factors in the brain. Understanding and regulating these adipokines can lead to novel therapeutic strategies to counteract metabolic associated eating disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, thus promote brain health.
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Abstract
Studies have linked obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and dementia. Their relationship to the incidence and progression of these disease states suggests an interconnected pathogenesis involving chronic low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress. Metabolic syndrome represents comorbidities of central obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension and hyperglycemia associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes, NAFLD, atherosclerotic CVD and neurodegenerative disease. As the socioeconomic burden for these diseases has grown signficantly with an increasing elderly population, new and alternative pharmacologic solutions for these cardiometabolic diseases are required. Adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and liver are central endocrine organs that regulate inflammation, energy and metabolic homeostasis, and the neuroendocrine axis through synthesis and secretion of adipokines, myokines, and hepatokines, respectively. These organokines affect each other and communicate through various endocrine, paracrine and autocrine pathways. The ultimate goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive understanding of organ crosstalk. This will include the roles of novel organokines in normal physiologic regulation and their pathophysiological effect in obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, CVD, NAFLD and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Soo Chung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung Mook Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Cai Z, Qiao PF, Wan CQ, Cai M, Zhou NK, Li Q. Role of Blood-Brain Barrier in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 63:1223-1234. [PMID: 29782323 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). BBB is a highly selective semipermeable structural and chemical barrier which ensures a stable internal environment of the brain and prevents foreign objects invading the brain tissue. BBB dysfunction induces the failure of Aβ transport from brain to the peripheral circulation across the BBB. Especially, decreased levels of LRP-1 (low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1) and increased levels of RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation endproducts) at the BBB can cause the failure of Aβ transport. The pathogenesis of AD is related to the BBB structural components, including pericytes, astrocytes, vascular endothelial cells, and tight junctions. BBB dysfunction will trigger neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, then enhance the activity of β-secretase and γ-secretase, and finally promote Aβ generation. A progressive accumulation of Aβ in brain and BBB dysfunction may become a feedback loop that gives rise to cognitive impairment and the onset of dementia. The correlation between BBB dysfunction and tau pathology has been well-reported. Therefore, regulating BBB function may be a new therapeutic target for treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyou Cai
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Pei-Feng Qiao
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng-Qun Wan
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Cai
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Nan-Kai Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, Chongqing, China
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40
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Jian M, Kwan JSC, Bunting M, Ng RCL, Chan KH. Adiponectin suppresses amyloid-β oligomer (AβO)-induced inflammatory response of microglia via AdipoR1-AMPK-NF-κB signaling pathway. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:110. [PMID: 31128596 PMCID: PMC6535190 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1492-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is important in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis. Extracellular deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ), a major pathological hallmark of AD, can induce microglia activation. Adiponectin (APN), an adipocyte-derived adipokine, exerts anti-inflammatory effects in the periphery and brain. Chronic APN deficiency leads to cognitive impairment and AD-like pathologies in aged mice. Here, we aim to study the role of APN in regulating microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in AD. Methods Inflammatory response of cultured microglia (BV2 cells) to AβO and effects of APN were studied by measuring levels of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α [TNFα] and interleukin-1β [IL-1β]) in cultured medium before and after exposure to AβO, with and without APN pretreatment. Adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) and receptor 2 (AdipoR2) were targeted by small interference RNA. To study the neuroprotective effect of APN, cultured HT-22 hippocampal cells were treated with conditioned medium of AβO-exposed BV2 cells or were co-cultured with BV2 cells in transwells. The cytotoxicity of HT-22 hippocampal cells was assessed by MTT reduction. We generated APN-deficient AD mice (APN−/−5xFAD) by crossing APN-knockout mice with 5xFAD mice to determine the effects of APN deficiency on microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in AD. Results AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 were expressed in BV2 cells and microglia of mice. Pretreatment with APN for 2 h suppressed TNFα and IL-1β release induced by AβO in BV2 cells. Additionally, APN rescued the decrease of AMPK phosphorylation and suppressed nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) induced by AβO. Compound C, an inhibitor of AMPK, abolished these effects of APN. Knockdown of AdipoR1, but not AdipoR2 in BV2 cells, inhibited the ability of APN to suppress proinflammatory cytokine release induced by AβO. Moreover, pretreatment with APN inhibited the cytotoxicity of HT-22 cells co-cultured with AβO-exposed BV2 cells. Lastly, APN deficiency exacerbated microglia activation in 9-month-old APN−/−5xFAD mice associated with upregulation of TNFα and IL-1β in the cortex and hippocampus. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that APN inhibits inflammatory response of microglia to AβO via AdipoR1-AMPK-NF-κB signaling, and APN deficiency aggravates microglia activation and neuroinflammation in AD mice. APN may be a novel therapeutic agent for inhibiting neuroinflammation in AD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-019-1492-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jian
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 8/F, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Jason Shing-Cheong Kwan
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 8/F, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China.,Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation Research Laboratory, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Myriam Bunting
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 8/F, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Roy Chun-Laam Ng
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 8/F, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China. .,Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation Research Laboratory, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China.
| | - Koon Ho Chan
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 8/F, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China. .,Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation Research Laboratory, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China. .,Research Center of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China. .,Hong Kong University Alzheimer's Disease Research Network, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China. .,Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 4/F, Professorial Block, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China.
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Ahmad S, Kindelin A, Khan SA, Ahmed M, Hoda MN, Bhatia K, Ducruet AF. C3a Receptor Inhibition Protects Brain Endothelial Cells Against Oxygen-glucose Deprivation/Reperfusion. Exp Neurobiol 2019; 28:216-228. [PMID: 31138990 PMCID: PMC6526115 DOI: 10.5607/en.2019.28.2.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement cascade is a central component of innate immunity which plays a critical role in brain inflammation. Complement C3a receptor (C3aR) is a key mediator of post-ischemic cerebral injury, and pharmacological antagonism of the C3a receptor is neuroprotective in stroke. Cerebral ischemia injures brain endothelial cells, causing blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption which further exacerbates ischemic neuronal injury. In this study, we used an in vitro model of ischemia (oxygen glucose deprivation; OGD) to investigate the protective effect of a C3aR antagonist (C3aRA, SB290157) on brain endothelial cells (bEnd.3). Following 24 hours of reperfusion, OGD-induced cell death was assessed by TUNEL and Caspase-3 staining. Western blot and immunocytochemistry were utilized to demonstrate that OGD upregulates inflammatory, oxidative stress and antioxidant markers (ICAM-1, Cox-2, Nox-2 and MnSOD) in endothelial cells and that C3aRA treatment significantly attenuate these markers. We also found that C3aRA administration restored the expression level of the tight junction protein occludin in endothelial cells following OGD. Interestingly, OGD/reperfusion injury increased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and C3aR inhibition significantly reduced the activation of ERK suggesting that endothelial C3aR may act via ERK signaling. Furthermore, exogenous C3a administration stimulates these same inflammatory mechanisms both with and without OGD, and C3aRA suppresses these C3a-mediated responses, supporting an antagonist role for C3aRA. Based on these results, we conclude that C3aRA administration attenuates inflammation, oxidative stress, ERK activation, and protects brain endothelial cells following experimental brain ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saif Ahmad
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Dignity Health, Phoenix, Arizona 85013, USA
| | - Adam Kindelin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Dignity Health, Phoenix, Arizona 85013, USA
| | - Shah Alam Khan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Dignity Health, Phoenix, Arizona 85013, USA.,Oman Medical College, Muscat 130, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Maaz Ahmed
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Dignity Health, Phoenix, Arizona 85013, USA
| | - Md Nasrul Hoda
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Dignity Health, Phoenix, Arizona 85013, USA
| | - Kanchan Bhatia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Dignity Health, Phoenix, Arizona 85013, USA.,School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Andrew F Ducruet
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Dignity Health, Phoenix, Arizona 85013, USA
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Rastegar S, Parimisetty A, Cassam Sulliman N, Narra SS, Weber S, Rastegar M, Viranaicken W, Couret D, Planesse C, Strähle U, Meilhac O, Lefebvre d'Hellencourt C, Diotel N. Expression of adiponectin receptors in the brain of adult zebrafish and mouse: Links with neurogenic niches and brain repair. J Comp Neurol 2019; 527:2317-2333. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.24669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sepand Rastegar
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Eggenstein‐Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Avinash Parimisetty
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188, Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI) Saint‐Denis de La Réunion France
| | - Nora Cassam Sulliman
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188, Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI) Saint‐Denis de La Réunion France
| | - Sai Sandhya Narra
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188, Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI) Saint‐Denis de La Réunion France
| | - Sabrina Weber
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Eggenstein‐Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Maryam Rastegar
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Eggenstein‐Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Wildriss Viranaicken
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1187, Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), CNRS UMR9192, IRD UMR249 Saint‐Denis de La Réunion France
| | - David Couret
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188, Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI) Saint‐Denis de La Réunion France
- CHU de La Réunion Saint‐Denis France
| | - Cynthia Planesse
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188, Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI) Saint‐Denis de La Réunion France
| | - Uwe Strähle
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Eggenstein‐Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Olivier Meilhac
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188, Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI) Saint‐Denis de La Réunion France
- CHU de La Réunion Saint‐Denis France
| | - Christian Lefebvre d'Hellencourt
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188, Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI) Saint‐Denis de La Réunion France
| | - Nicolas Diotel
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188, Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI) Saint‐Denis de La Réunion France
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Dubey SK, Ram MS, Krishna KV, Saha RN, Singhvi G, Agrawal M, Ajazuddin, Saraf S, Saraf S, Alexander A. Recent Expansions on Cellular Models to Uncover the Scientific Barriers Towards Drug Development for Alzheimer's Disease. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 39:181-209. [PMID: 30671696 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00653-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Globally, the central nervous system (CNS) disorders appear as the most critical pathological threat with no proper cure. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one such condition frequently observed with the aged population and sometimes in youth too. Most of the research utilizes different animal models for in vivo study of AD pathophysiology and to investigate the potency of the newly developed therapy. These in vivo models undoubtably provide a powerful investigation tool to study human brain. Although, it sometime fails to mimic the exact environment and responses as the human brain owing to the distinctive genetic and anatomical features of human and rodent brain. In such condition, the in vitro cell model derived from patient specific cell or human cell lines can recapitulate the human brain environment. In addition, the frequent use of animals in research increases the cost of study and creates various ethical issues. Instead, the use of in vitro cellular models along with animal models can enhance the translational values of in vivo models and represent a better and effective mean to investigate the potency of therapeutics. This strategy also limits the excessive use of laboratory animal during the drug development process. Generally, the in vitro cell lines are cultured from AD rat brain endothelial cells, the rodent models, human astrocytes, human brain capillary endothelial cells, patient derived iPSCs (induced pluripotent stem cells) and also from the non-neuronal cells. During the literature review process, we observed that there are very few reviews available which describe the significance and characteristics of in vitro cell lines, for AD investigation. Thus, in the present review article, we have compiled the various in vitro cell lines used in AD investigation including HBMEC, BCECs, SHSY-5Y, hCMEC/D3, PC-2 cell line, bEND3 cells, HEK293, hNPCs, RBE4 cells, SK-N-MC, BMVECs, CALU-3, 7W CHO, iPSCs and cerebral organoids cell lines and different types of culture media such as SCM, EMEM, DMEM/F12, RPMI, EBM and 3D-cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Munnangi Siva Ram
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Kowthavarapu Venkata Krishna
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ranendra Narayan Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Dubai Campus, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mukta Agrawal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kohka, Kurud Road, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, 490024, India
| | - Ajazuddin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kohka, Kurud Road, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, 490024, India
| | - Swarnlata Saraf
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, 492 010, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Shailendra Saraf
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, 492 010, Chhattisgarh, India.,Hemchand Yadav University, Durg, Chhattisgarh, 491 001, India
| | - Amit Alexander
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kohka, Kurud Road, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, 490024, India.
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Zhao L, Zhang JH, Sherchan P, Krafft PR, Zhao W, Wang S, Chen S, Guo Z, Tang J. Administration of rCTRP9 Attenuates Neuronal Apoptosis Through AdipoR1/PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway after ICH in Mice. Cell Transplant 2019; 28:756-766. [PMID: 30642187 PMCID: PMC6686438 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718822809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting neuronal apoptosis after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) may be an important therapeutic strategy for ICH patients. Emerging evidence indicates that C1q/TNF-Related Protein 9 (CTRP9), a newly discovered adiponectin receptor agonist, exerts neuroprotection in cerebrovascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-apoptotic role of CTRP9 after experimental ICH and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. ICH was induced in mice via intrastriatal injection of bacterial collagenase. Recombinant CTRP9 (rCTRP9) was administrated intranasally at 1 h after ICH. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, adiponectin receptor1 small interfering ribonucleic acid (AdipoR1 siRNA) and selective PI3 K inhibitor LY294002 were administered prior to rCTRP9 treatment. Western blots, neurofunctional assessments, immunofluorescence staining, and Fluoro-Jade C (FJC) staining experiments were performed. Administration of rCTRP9 significantly improved both short- and long-term neurofunctional behavior after ICH. RCTRP9 treatment significantly increased the expression of AdipoR1, PI3 K, p-Akt, and Bcl-2, while at the same time was found to decrease the expression of Bax in the brain, which was reversed by inhibition of AdipoR1 and PI3 K. The neuroprotective effect of rCTRP9 after ICH was mediated by attenuation of neuronal apoptosis via the AdipoR1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway; therefore, rCTRP9 should be further evaluated as a potential therapeutic agent for ICH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianhua Zhao
- 1 Department of Neurology, Tianjin TEDA Hospital, Tianjin, China.,2 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - John H Zhang
- 2 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Prativa Sherchan
- 2 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Paul R Krafft
- 3 Department of Neurological Surgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Wei Zhao
- 1 Department of Neurology, Tianjin TEDA Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Sa Wang
- 4 Department of Neurology, Affilicated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shengpan Chen
- 2 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,5 Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Haikou, China
| | - Zaiyu Guo
- 1 Department of Neurology, Tianjin TEDA Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiping Tang
- 2 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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Transcriptomics Analysis of the Chinese Pear Pathotype of Alternaria alternata Gives Insights into Novel Mechanisms of HSAF Antifungal Activities. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071841. [PMID: 29932128 PMCID: PMC6073358 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternaria alternata (Fries) Keissler is a lethal pear pathogen that causes leaf black spot disease of pear in Southern China. Heat-stable activity factor (HSAF) is a polycyclic tetramate macrolactam (PTM) produced by Lysobacter enzymogenes and many other microbes with a broad-spectrum antifungal activity against many filamentous fungi. In this study, we evaluated the antifungal effect of HSAF against A. alternata and proposed its antifungal mechanism in A. alternata. We report that HSAF inhibited the mycelial growth of A. alternata in a dose-dependent manner. Transcriptomics analysis revealed that HSAF treatment resulted in an expression alteration of a wide range of genes, with 3729 genes being up-regulated, and 3640 genes being down-regulated. Furthermore, we observed that HSAF treatment disrupted multiple signaling networks and essential cellular metabolisms in A. alternata, including the AMPK signaling pathway, sphingolipid metabolism and signaling pathway, carbon metabolism and the TCA (tricarboxylic acid) cycle, cell cycle, nitrogen metabolism, cell wall synthesis and a key hub protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). These observations suggest that HSAF breaches metabolism networks and ultimately induces increased thickness of the cell wall and apoptosis in A. alternata. The improved understanding of the antifungal mechanism of HSAF against filamentous fungi will aid in the future identification of the direct interaction target of HSAF and development of HSAF as a novel bio-fungicide.
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Li TD, Zeng ZH. Adiponectin as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of restenosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 101:798-804. [PMID: 29525676 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Restenosis is a pathologic re-narrowing of a coronary artery lesion after mechanical injury. Its pathophysiological mechanisms have not been fully elucidated at present, but are thought to include inflammation, vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation, and matrix remodeling, beginning with insufficient endothelium healing. Restenosis presents with angina symptoms or acute coronary syndromes and lead to a revascularization, either with coronary artery bypass or repeat percutaneous coronary intervention. Some studies have reported that hypoadiponectinemia has been an independent risk factor for the onset of acute coronary syndromes and restenosis. Accumulating evidence shows that low concentrations of adiponectin may be involved in impairing endothelium functions, inflammation, and VSMC proliferation that lead to restenosis. Preclinical studies have proven that adiponectin promotes endothelium healing, effectively inhibits inflammation, and maintains contractile phenotypes of VSMCs, indicating that it may be developed as a new therapeutic target for the treatment of restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tu di Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, China
| | - Zhi Huan Zeng
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, China.
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Cheng D, Xu JH, Li JY, Wang SY, Wu TF, Chen QK, Yu T. Butyrate ameliorated-NLRC3 protects the intestinal barrier in a GPR43-dependent manner. Exp Cell Res 2018; 368:101-110. [PMID: 29689277 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal barrier dysfunctions are related to dysbacteriosis and chronic gut inflammation in type 2 diabetes. Although there is emerging evidence that the chronic gut inflammatory response is stimulated by nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLRs), the relationship and precise mechanism between NLRC3 and the colonic epithelial barrier remains largely elusive. METHODS We investigated the function and mechanism of NLRC3 in the colonic tissues of diabetic mice and colonic epithelial cell lines. The regulatory mechanism between NLRC3, butyrate and tight junctions was elucidated via a transepithelial electrical resistance measurement, transmission electron microscopy, RNA interference and western blotting. RESULTS In this study, we found that NLRC3 expression was decreased in the colonic tissues of diabetic mice. NLRC3 over-expression ameliorated colonic epithelial barrier integrity and up-regulated tight junction proteins in colonic epithelial cells. Knockdown of TRAF6 diminished NLRC3-induced ZO-1/occludin expression. In addition, we demonstrated that butyrate could stimulate NLRC3 expression in both diabetic mice and colonic epithelial cells. GPR43 on colonic epithelial cells is involved in the activation of NLRC3 induced by butyrate. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrated that NLCR3 could ameliorate colonic epithelial barrier integrity in diabetes mellitus in a TRAF6-dependent manner, and NLCR3 was stimulated by butyrate via binding GPR43 on colonic epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Hao Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie-Yao Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Yi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Feng Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Kui Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, People's Republic of China.
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