1
|
Abouelhoda M, Almuqati N, Abogosh A, Alfraih F, Maddirevula S, Alkuraya FS. Mining local exome and HLA data to characterize pharmacogenetic variants in Saudi Arabia. Hum Genet 2024; 143:125-136. [PMID: 38159139 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-023-02628-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Pharmacogenomics (PGx) is a promising field of precision medicine where efficacy of drugs is maximized while side effects are minimized for individual patients. Knowledge of the frequency of PGx-relevant variants (pharmacovariants) in the local population is a pre-requisite to informed policy making. Unfortunately, such knowledge is largely lacking from the Middle East. Here, we describe the use of a large clinical exome database (n = 13,473) and HLA haplotypes (n = 64,737) from Saudi Arabia, one of the largest countries in the Middle East, along with previously published data from the local population to ascertain allele frequencies of known pharmacovariants. In addition, we queried another exome database (n = 816) of well-phenotyped research subjects from Saudi Arabia to discover novel candidate variants in known PGx genes (pharmacogenes). Although our results show that only 26% (63/242) of class 1A/1B PharmGKB variants were identified, we estimate that 99.57% of the local population have at least one such variant. This translates to a minimum estimated impact of 9% of medications dispensed by our medical center annually. We also highlight the contribution of rare variants where 71% of the pharmacogenes devoid of common pharmacovariants had at least one potentially deleterious rare variant. Thus, we show that approaches that go beyond the use of commercial PGx kits that have been optimized for other populations should be implemented to ensure universal and equitable access of all members of the local population to personalized prescription practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abouelhoda
- Department of Computational Sciences, Centre for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noura Almuqati
- Department of Translational Genomics, Centre for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Abogosh
- Department of Translational Genomics, Centre for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Feras Alfraih
- Oncology Centre, Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, King, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sateesh Maddirevula
- Department of Translational Genomics, Centre for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Translational Genomics, Centre for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, 11533, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ghorbannezhad G, Mehrabadi S, Golampour-Shamkani N, Barjasteh A, Etesamizadeh P, Tayyebi M, Khazaei M, Hassanian SM, Ferns GA, Avan A. Genetic Determinants of Response to Statins in Cardiovascular Diseases. Curr Cardiol Rev 2024; 20:20-28. [PMID: 38204221 PMCID: PMC11107471 DOI: 10.2174/011573403x267793231220114042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive efforts to identify patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) who could most benefit from the treatment approach, patients vary in their benefit from therapy and propensity for adverse drug events. Genetic variability in individual responses to drugs (pharmacogenetics) is considered an essential determinant in responding to a drug. Thus, understanding these pharmacogenomic relationships has led to a substantial focus on mechanisms of disease and drug response. In turn, understanding the genomic and molecular bases of variables that might be involved in drug response is the main step in personalized medicine. There is a growing body of data evaluating drug-gene interactions in recent years, some of which have led to FDA recommendations and detection of markers to predict drug responses (e.g., genetic variant in VKORC1 and CYP2C9 genes for prediction of drug response in warfarin treatment). Also, statins are widely prescribed drugs for the prevention of CVD. Atorvastatin, fluvastatin, rosuvastatin, simvastatin, and lovastatin are the most common statins used to manage dyslipidemia. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge on the pharmacogenetics of statins, which are being used to treat cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Ghorbannezhad
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shima Mehrabadi
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Negar Golampour-Shamkani
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Barjasteh
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Poorya Etesamizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Tayyebi
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9PH, UK
| | - Amir Avan
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ranasinghe P, Sirisena N, Ariadurai JN, Vishnukanthan T, Thilakarathne S, Anandagoda G, Dissanayake VH. Pharmacogenomic variants affecting efficacy and toxicity of statins in a south Asian population from Sri Lanka. Pharmacogenomics 2023; 24:809-819. [PMID: 37877238 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2023-0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To describe the diversity of pharmacogenetic variants of statins among Sri Lankans. Materials & methods: Variant data of relevant genes were obtained from an anonymized database of 426 Sri Lankans. Minor allele frequencies (MAFs) were compared with published data from other populations. Results: The MAF of SLCO1B1*5 (rs4149056 [T>C]) was 18.19% (95% CI: 14.53-21.85). MAFs of CYP2C9*2 (rs1799853 [C>T]) and CYP2C9*3 (rs1057910 [A>C]) were 2.58% (95% CI: 1.08-4.08) and 10.30% (95% CI: 7.75-13.61), respectively. MAFs of rs2231142 (G>T) (ABCG2), rs7412 (C>T) (APOE) and rs20455 (A>G) (KIF6) variants were 10.68% (95% CI: 7.76-13.60), 3.52% (95% CI: 1.77-5.27) and 50.7% (95% CI: 45.96-55.45), respectively. Compared with western/other Asian populations, rs20455 (A>G), CYP2C9*3 (A>C) and SLCO1B1*5 (T>C) variants were significantly higher in Sri Lankans. Conclusion: Variants that affect efficacy of statins (KIF6 [rs20455], CYP2C9*3) and increase risk of statin-induced myotoxicity (SLCO1B1*5 and CYP2C9*3) were prevalent in higher frequencies among Sri Lankans compared with western populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanga Ranasinghe
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo 08, Sri Lanka
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, Scotland, UK
| | - Nirmala Sirisena
- Department of Anatomy, Genetics & Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo 8, Sri Lanka
| | - Jeremy N Ariadurai
- Department of Anatomy, Genetics & Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo 8, Sri Lanka
| | - Thuwaragesh Vishnukanthan
- Department of Anatomy, Genetics & Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo 8, Sri Lanka
| | - Sathsarani Thilakarathne
- Department of Anatomy, Genetics & Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo 8, Sri Lanka
| | - Gayani Anandagoda
- Department of Anatomy, Genetics & Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo 8, Sri Lanka
| | - Vajira Hw Dissanayake
- Department of Anatomy, Genetics & Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo 8, Sri Lanka
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yow HY, Hamzah S, Abdul Rahim N, Suppiah V. Pharmacogenomics of response to statin treatment and susceptibility to statin-induced adverse drug reactions in Asians: a scoping review. ASIAN BIOMED 2023; 17:95-114. [PMID: 37818163 PMCID: PMC10561688 DOI: 10.2478/abm-2023-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Statins are the most widely used lipid-lowering agents for patients with hyperlipidemia. However, interindividual variations in efficacy and risk of adverse drug reactions to statin treatment have been widely reported. Ethnicity is well known to be one of the contributing factors to this variation, particularly among Asians. Objectives To identify genetic variants associated with statin treatment responses among Asian populations with a focus on four commonly prescribed statins: atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, simvastatin, and pravastatin. Methods A literature search was conducted in Medline and Embase databases. Studies published from 2008 to 2021 were included. The title and abstract of each article were screened by two reviewers and verified by another two reviewers. Data charted include information on authors, year of study, study population, statin studied, gene studied, study findings, and data of significant statistical value. Results A total of 35 articles were included from the 1,939 original studies related to treatment efficacy and 5 articles out of the 284 original studies related to adverse effects. Genetic variants in transmembrane transporters, cytochrome P450 isoenzymes, and apolipoproteins are the most extensively studied among Asian populations, with a main focus on ethnic Chinese. However, Asia consists of genetically different populations, and the results of this review indicated that there is a paucity of studies on other ethnic groups within Asia. Conclusions Considering the ethnicity of patients could provide a potential value to personalized medicine in statin therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yin Yow
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur50603, Malaysia
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Selangor47500, Malaysia
| | - Sharina Hamzah
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Selangor47500, Malaysia
- Medical Advancement for Better Quality of Life Impact Lab, Taylor's University, Selangor47500, Malaysia
| | - Nusaibah Abdul Rahim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur50603, Malaysia
| | - Vijayaprakash Suppiah
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA5001, Australia
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA5001, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
AlAzzeh O, M Roman Y. The frequency of rs2231142 in ABCG2 among Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander subgroups: implications for personalized rosuvastatin dosing. Pharmacogenomics 2023; 24:173-182. [PMID: 36661065 PMCID: PMC10072122 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2022-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Statins are among the most commonly prescribed medications worldwide. Rosuvastatin is a moderate- to high-intensity statin depending on the prescribed dose. Statin-associated muscle symptoms are the main side effects, contributing to low adherence to statins. The missense variant rs2231142 in ABCG2 affects the functionality of the ABCG2 transporter, altering the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of rosuvastatin. This special report aims to accentuate the importance of considering the ABCG2 genotype upon prescribing rosuvastatin in high cardiovascular disease risk subgroups, specifically Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander populations. Based on the reported frequencies of rs2231142 in ABCG2, it may be justifiable to initiate low-dose rosuvastatin in Samoans relative to Marshallese or Native Hawaiians. Interpopulation differences in pharmacogenetic allele frequencies underscore the need to disaggregate broad population categories to achieve health equity in treatment outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ola AlAzzeh
- Department of Pharmacotherapy & Outcome Science, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Pharmacy, 410 N 12th Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Youssef M Roman
- Department of Pharmacotherapy & Outcome Science, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Pharmacy, 410 N 12th Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Alrajeh K, Roman YM. The frequency of rs2231142 in ABCG2 among Asian subgroups: implications for personalized rosuvastatin dosing. Pharmacogenomics 2023; 24:15-26. [PMID: 36651271 PMCID: PMC9979151 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2022-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Statins are widely used medications for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Statin-induced musculoskeletal symptoms are the primary adverse drug events contributing to poor adherence to lipid-lowering therapy. Rosuvastatin is characterized by interindividual differences in systemic exposure among different patient population subgroups. The missense variant Q141K within ABCG2, highly prevalent in some Asian subgroups, results in decreased transporter efflux function and increased exposure to rosuvastatin. We aim to highlight the implications of ABCG2 genotype in prescribing rosuvastatin and the ramifications of interpopulation differences in Q141K frequencies in the starting dose of rosuvastatin in major Asian subgroups, using the most recent genetic-based guidelines. The high frequency of Q141K in Filipinos could warrant a lower starting rosuvastatin dose versus non-Filipinos. The Q141K genotype frequencies in Asian subgroups suggest significant interpopulation differences, reinforcing the need to move beyond race-based to genotype-based rosuvastatin dosing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khalifa Alrajeh
- Department of Pharmacotherapy & Outcome Science, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Pharmacy, 410 N 12 Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, King Faisal University College of Clinical Pharmacy, P.O. Box 400, Hofuf, Eastern Province, 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Youssef M. Roman
- Department of Pharmacotherapy & Outcome Science, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Pharmacy, 410 N 12 Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Campos-Staffico AM, Dorsch MP, Barnes GD, Zhu HJ, Limdi NA, Luzum JA. Eight pharmacokinetic genetic variants are not associated with the risk of bleeding from direct oral anticoagulants in non-valvular atrial fibrillation patients. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1007113. [PMID: 36506510 PMCID: PMC9730333 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1007113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the leading cause of ischemic stroke and treatment has focused on reducing this risk through anticoagulation. Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs) are the first-line guideline-recommended therapy since they are as effective and overall safer than warfarin in preventing AF-related stroke. Although patients bleed less from DOACs compared to warfarin, bleeding remains the primary safety concern with this therapy. Hypothesis: Genetic variants known to modify the function of metabolic enzymes or transporters involved in the pharmacokinetics (PK) of DOACs could increase the risk of bleeding. Aim: To assess the association of eight, functional PK-related single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in five genes (ABCB1, ABCG2, CYP2J2, CYP3A4, CYP3A5) with the risk of bleeding from DOACs in non-valvular AF patients. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was carried out with 2,364 self-identified white non-valvular AF patients treated with either rivaroxaban or apixaban. Genotyping was performed with Illumina Infinium CoreExome v12.1 bead arrays by the Michigan Genomics Initiative biobank. The primary endpoint was a composite of major and clinically relevant non-major bleeding. Cox proportional hazards regression with time-varying analysis assessed the association of the eight PK-related SNVs with the risk of bleeding from DOACs in unadjusted and covariate-adjusted models. The pre-specified primary analysis was the covariate-adjusted, additive genetic models. Six tests were performed in the primary analysis as three SNVs are in the same haplotype, and thus p-values below the Bonferroni-corrected level of 8.33e-3 were considered statistically significant. Results: In the primary analysis, none of the SNVs met the Bonferroni-corrected level of statistical significance (all p > 0.1). In exploratory analyses with other genetic models, the ABCB1 (rs4148732) GG genotype tended to be associated with the risk of bleeding from rivaroxaban [HR: 1.391 (95%CI: 1.019-1.900); p = 0.038] but not from apixaban (p = 0.487). Conclusion: Eight functional PK-related genetic variants were not significantly associated with bleeding from either rivaroxaban or apixaban in more than 2,000 AF self-identified white outpatients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael P. Dorsch
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Geoffrey D. Barnes
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Hao-Jie Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Nita A. Limdi
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jasmine A. Luzum
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,*Correspondence: Jasmine A. Luzum,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shatnawi A, Kamran Z, Al-Share Q. Pharmacogenomics of lipid-lowering agents: the impact on efficacy and safety. Per Med 2022; 20:65-86. [DOI: 10.2217/pme-2022-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. The lipid-lowering drugs are considered the cornerstone of primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Unfortunately, the lack of efficacy and associated adverse effects, ranging from mild-to-moderate to potentially life-threatening, lead to therapy discontinuation. Numerous reports support the role of gene polymorphisms in drugs' pharmacokinetic parameters and their associated adverse reactions. Therefore, this study aims to understand the pharmacogenomics of lipid-lowering drugs and the impact of genetic variants of key genes on the drugs' efficacy and toxicity. Indeed, genetically guided lipid-lowering therapy enhances overall safety, improves drug adherence and achieves long-term therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aymen Shatnawi
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, 70 President St., Room 402, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Zourayz Kamran
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Administrative Sciences, University of Charleston School of Pharmacy, 2300 MacCorkle Ave SE, Charleston, WV 25304, USA
| | - Qusai Al-Share
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Assistant Professor of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science & Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kim S, Seo JD, Yun YM, Kim H, Kim TE, Lee T, Lee TR, Lee JH, Cho EH, Ki CS. Pharmacokinetics and Genetic Factors of Atorvastatin in Healthy Korean Subjects. Front Genet 2022; 13:836970. [PMID: 35664336 PMCID: PMC9160745 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.836970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Statins are the most popular agents for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease; however, the pharmacokinetic parameters and associated genetic factors in the Korean population have not been fully elucidated. This study explored the pharmacokinetic properties of atorvastatin and the association between genetic variations and atorvastatin pharmacokinetics in healthy Korean subjects. Methods: Atorvastatin (80 mg) was administered to 35 healthy Korean volunteers. Plasma levels of atorvastatin and its metabolites were measured sequentially using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry from 0 to 24 h after atorvastatin administration. Customized next-generation sequencing analysis was performed covering all coding exons of 15 genes, as well as 46 single-nucleotide variants in 29 genes related to statin pharmacokinetics. Results: The mean area under the concentration-time (AUC) and Cmax (maximum peak concentration) were 269.0 ng/ml∙h and 84.3 ng/ml, respectively, which were approximately two times higher than those reported in Caucasians. Genetic analysis revealed that eight genetic variants in ABCB1, ABCG2, APOA5, CETP, and CYP7A1 contributed to the AUC of atorvastatin. The atorvastatin AUC0–24 h prediction model was developed based on age and eight genetic variants using multivariate linear regression (adjusted R2 = 0.878, p < 0.0001). Conclusion: This study shows that the pharmacokinetic properties of atorvastatin in Koreans are different from those in Caucasians and that atorvastatin AUC0–24 h could be predicted based on age and eight genetic variants of ABCB1, ABCG2, APOA5, CETP, and CYP7A1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serim Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinwon Medical Foundation, Gwangmyeong-si, South Korea
| | - Jong Do Seo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeo-Min Yun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Yeo-Min Yun,
| | - Hanah Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae-Eun Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | - Jun Hyung Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, GC Labs, Yongin-si, South Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Khan AR, Shah SH, Ajaz S, Firasat S, Abid A, Raza A. The Prevalence of Pharmacogenomics Variants and Their Clinical Relevance Among the Pakistani Population. Evol Bioinform Online 2022; 18:11769343221095834. [PMID: 35497687 PMCID: PMC9047794 DOI: 10.1177/11769343221095834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pharmacogenomics (PGx), forming the basis of precision medicine, has
revolutionized traditional medical practice. Currently, drug responses such
as drug efficacy, drug dosage, and drug adverse reactions can be anticipated
based on the genetic makeup of the patients. The pharmacogenomic data of
Pakistani populations are limited. This study investigates the frequencies
of pharmacogenetic variants and their clinical relevance among ethnic groups
in Pakistan. Methods: The Pharmacogenomics Knowledge Base (PharmGKB) database was used to extract
pharmacogenetic variants that are involved in medical conditions with high
(1A + 1B) to moderate (2A + 2B) clinical evidence. Subsequently, the allele
frequencies of these variants were searched among multiethnic groups of
Pakistan (Balochi, Brahui, Burusho, Hazara, Kalash, Pashtun, Punjabi, and
Sindhi) using the 1000 Genomes Project (1KGP) and
ALlele FREquency
Database (ALFRED). Furthermore, the published
Pharmacogenomics literature on the Pakistani population was reviewed in
PubMed and Google Scholar. Results: Our search retrieved (n = 29) pharmacogenetic genes and their (n = 44)
variants with high to moderate evidence of clinical association. These
pharmacogenetic variants correspond to drug-metabolizing enzymes (n = 22),
drug-metabolizing transporters (n = 8), and PGx gene regulators, etc.
(n = 14). We found 5 pharmacogenetic variants present at >50% among 8
ethnic groups of Pakistan. These pharmacogenetic variants include
CYP2B6 (rs2279345, C; 70%-86%), CYP3A5
(rs776746, C; 64%-88%), FLT3 (rs1933437, T; 54%-74%),
CETP (rs1532624, A; 50%-70%), and DPP6
(rs6977820, C; 61%-86%) genes that are involved in drug response for
acquired immune deficiency syndrome, transplantation, cancer, heart disease,
and mental health therapy, respectively. Conclusions: This study highlights the frequency of important clinical pharmacogenetic
variants (1A, 1B, 2A, and 2B) among multi-ethnic Pakistani populations. The
high prevalence (>50%) of single nucleotide pharmacogenetic variants may
contribute to the drug response/diseases outcome. These PGx data could be
used as pharmacogenetic markers in the selection of appropriate therapeutic
regimens for specific ethnic groups of Pakistan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Rafay Khan
- Center for Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sayed Hajan Shah
- Center for Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Ajaz
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sadaf Firasat
- Center for Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Aiysha Abid
- Center for Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ali Raza
- Center for Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zeng W, Hu M, Lee HK, Wat E, Lau CBS, Ho CS, Wong CK, Tomlinson B. Effect of Green Tea Extract and Soy Isoflavones on the Pharmacokinetics of Rosuvastatin in Healthy Volunteers. Front Nutr 2022; 9:850318. [PMID: 35399656 PMCID: PMC8987933 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.850318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Green tea and soy products are extensively consumed in daily life. Research has shown that green tea catechins and soy isoflavones may influence the activity of drug metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters. We examined whether regular consumption of green tea extract or soy isoflavones affected the pharmacokinetics of a single dose of rosuvastatin in healthy subjects and whether any interactions were influenced by the polymorphism in the drug transporter ABCG2. Study Design This was an open-label, three-phase randomized crossover study with single doses of rosuvastatin. Methods Healthy Chinese male subjects were given a single dose of rosuvastatin 10 mg on 3 occasions: 1. without herbs; 2. with green tea extract; 3. with soy isoflavone extract. The green tea and soy isoflavone extract were given at a dose containing EGCG 800 mg once daily or soy isoflavones−80 mg once daily for 14 days before statin dosing and at the same time as the statin dosing with at least 4-weeks washout period between phases. Results Twenty healthy male subjects completed the study and the intake of green tea extract significantly reduced the systemic exposure to rosuvastatin by about 20% reducing AUC0−24h from [geometric mean (% coefficient of variation)] 108.7 (28.9) h·μg/L to 74.1 (35.3) h·μg/L and Cmax from 13.1 (32.2) μg/L to 7.9 (38.3) μg/L (P < 0.001 for both), without affecting the elimination half-life. The ABCG2 421C>A polymorphism had a significant effect on rosuvastatin exposure but no impact on the interaction with green tea. Soy isoflavones had no significant effect on rosuvastatin pharmacokinetics. Conclusion This study showed that repeated administration of green tea extract significantly reduced the systemic exposure of rosuvastatin in healthy volunteers. These effects might be predicted to either reduce or increase the lipid-lowering effect of rosuvastatin depending on the mechanism of the effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zeng
- Shenzhen Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Miao Hu
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hon Kit Lee
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Elaine Wat
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Clara Bik San Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chung Shun Ho
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chun Kwok Wong
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Brian Tomlinson
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
- *Correspondence: Brian Tomlinson ; orcid.org/0000-0001-6717-5444
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
The Association between ABCG2 421C>A (rs2231142) Polymorphism and Rosuvastatin Pharmacokinetics: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030501. [PMID: 35335877 PMCID: PMC8954661 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although several studies have revealed the association between rosuvastatin pharmacokinetics and the ABCG2 421C>A (rs2231142) polymorphism, most studies were conducted with small sample sizes, making it challenging to apply the findings clinically. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to perform a meta-analysis of the relationship between the ABCG2 421C>A polymorphism and rosuvastatin pharmacokinetics. We searched three electronic databases, EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science, using search terms related to ABCG2 gene polymorphisms and rosuvastatin. In addition, we reviewed studies published before 12 August 2021, to examine the relationship between the ABCG2 421C>A polymorphism and rosuvastatin pharmacokinetics. To examine the magnitude of the association, the log geometric mean difference (lnGM) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated and interpreted as the antilogarithm of a natural logarithm (elnGM). The meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager (version 5.4) and R Studio (version 4.0.2). Subgroup analysis was performed according to race and the types of mean values. Among the 318 identified studies, a total of 8 studies involving 423 patients is included in this meta-analysis. The A allele carriers of ABCG2 421C>A showed 1.5 times higher in both AUC0-∞ (lnGM = 0.43; 95% CI = 0.35−0.50; p < 0.00001) and Cmax (lnGM = 0.42; 95% CI = 0.33−0.51; p < 0.00001) than non-carriers, while there was no significant difference in Tmax and half-life. There was no significance in the pharmacokinetic parameters of the subgroups using either ethnicity or mean values. This meta-analysis demonstrates that subjects carrying the A allele of ABCG2 421C>A show significantly increased AUC0-∞ and Cmax values compared to subjects with the CC genotype. Therefore, information about ABCG2 genotypes might be useful for individualized rosuvastatin therapy.
Collapse
|
13
|
Kukal S, Guin D, Rawat C, Bora S, Mishra MK, Sharma P, Paul PR, Kanojia N, Grewal GK, Kukreti S, Saso L, Kukreti R. Multidrug efflux transporter ABCG2: expression and regulation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:6887-6939. [PMID: 34586444 PMCID: PMC11072723 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03901-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette efflux transporter G2 (ABCG2) was originally discovered in a multidrug-resistant breast cancer cell line. Studies in the past have expanded the understanding of its role in physiology, disease pathology and drug resistance. With a widely distributed expression across different cell types, ABCG2 plays a central role in ATP-dependent efflux of a vast range of endogenous and exogenous molecules, thereby maintaining cellular homeostasis and providing tissue protection against xenobiotic insults. However, ABCG2 expression is subjected to alterations under various pathophysiological conditions such as inflammation, infection, tissue injury, disease pathology and in response to xenobiotics and endobiotics. These changes may interfere with the bioavailability of therapeutic substrate drugs conferring drug resistance and in certain cases worsen the pathophysiological state aggravating its severity. Considering the crucial role of ABCG2 in normal physiology, therapeutic interventions directly targeting the transporter function may produce serious side effects. Therefore, modulation of transporter regulation instead of inhibiting the transporter itself will allow subtle changes in ABCG2 activity. This requires a thorough comprehension of diverse factors and complex signaling pathways (Kinases, Wnt/β-catenin, Sonic hedgehog) operating at multiple regulatory levels dictating ABCG2 expression and activity. This review features a background on the physiological role of transporter, factors that modulate ABCG2 levels and highlights various signaling pathways, molecular mechanisms and genetic polymorphisms in ABCG2 regulation. This understanding will aid in identifying potential molecular targets for therapeutic interventions to overcome ABCG2-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR) and to manage ABCG2-related pathophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samiksha Kukal
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Debleena Guin
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Main Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Chitra Rawat
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shivangi Bora
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Main Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Manish Kumar Mishra
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Main Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Priya Sharma
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Priyanka Rani Paul
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Neha Kanojia
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Gurpreet Kaur Grewal
- Department of Biotechnology, Kanya Maha Vidyalaya, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144004, India
| | - Shrikant Kukreti
- Nucleic Acids Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Ritushree Kukreti
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
The choice of lipid-modifying treatment is largely based on the absolute level of cardiovascular risk and baseline lipid profile. Statins are the first-line treatment for most patients requiring reduction of low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and ezetimibe and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors can be added to reach LDL-C targets. Statins have some adverse effects that are somewhat predictable based on phenotypic and genetic factors. Fibrates or omega-3 fatty acids can be added if triglyceride levels remain elevated. The RNA-targeted therapeutics in development offer the possibility of selective liver targeting for specific lipoproteins such as lipoprotein(a) and long-term reduction of LDL-C with infrequent administration of a small-interfering RNA may help to overcome the problem of adherence to therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Tomlinson
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science & Technology, Macau 999078, PR China
| | - Chen-Hsiu Lin
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Paul Chan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Christopher Wk Lam
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science & Technology, Macau 999078, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bruckmueller H, Cascorbi I. ABCB1, ABCG2, ABCC1, ABCC2, and ABCC3 drug transporter polymorphisms and their impact on drug bioavailability: what is our current understanding? Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2021; 17:369-396. [PMID: 33459081 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2021.1876661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Interindividual differences in drug response are a frequent clinical challenge partly due to variation in pharmacokinetics. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are crucial determinants of drug disposition. They are subject of gene regulation and drug-interaction; however, it is still under debate to which extend genetic variants in these transporters contribute to interindividual variability of a wide range of drugs. AREAS COVERED This review discusses the current literature on the impact of genetic variants in ABCB1, ABCG2 as well as ABCC1, ABCC2, and ABCC3 on pharmacokinetics and drug response. The aim was to evaluate if results from recent studies would increase the evidence for potential clinically relevant pharmacogenetic effects. EXPERT OPINION Although enormous efforts have been made to investigate effects of ABC transporter genotypes on drug pharmacokinetics and response, the majority of studies showed only weak if any associations. Despite few unique results, studies mostly failed to confirm earlier findings or still remained inconsistent. The impact of genetic variants on drug bioavailability is only minor and other factors regulating the transporter expression and function seem to be more critical. In our opinion, the findings on the so far investigated genetic variants in ABC efflux transporters are not suitable as predictive biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henrike Bruckmueller
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ingolf Cascorbi
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang L, Sun C, Li X, Mao C, Qian J, Wang J, Wu J, Li Q, Bai C, Han B, Gao Z, Xu J, Yin J, Liu Z, Lu D, Jin L, Wang H. A pharmacogenetics study of platinum-based chemotherapy in lung cancer: ABCG2 polymorphism and its genetic interaction with SLC31A1 are associated with response and survival. J Cancer 2021; 12:1270-1283. [PMID: 33531973 PMCID: PMC7847637 DOI: 10.7150/jca.51621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The expression and function of platinum transporters affect drug tissue concentration and therapeutic effects. We had previously characterized functional variant of platinum intake transporter SLC31A1 gene. We aimed to investigate the association of platinum efflux transporter gene ABCG2 polymorphism and combined ABCG2 and SLC31A1 polymorphisms with clinical outcomes of NSCLC patients receiving platinum-based chemotherapy. Methods: We genotyped thirteen tagging and functional SNPs of ABCG2 in 1004 patients, and assessed their association with response, toxicity and survival using unconditional logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses respectively. Results: Nonsynonymous rs2231142 (odds ratio [OR] 2.07; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.26-3.63), rs1871744 (OR 0.60; 95 % CI 0.42-0.87) and their haplotype and diplotype were associated with objective response. Rs4148157 was associated with shorter overall survival (Log-rank P = 0.002; hazard ratio [HR] 1.22; 95 % CI 1.05-1.42). Furthermore, the combined SLC31A1 rs2233914 and ABCG2 rs1871744 genotype was significantly associated with poor response (OR 0.31; 95 % CI 0.17-0.56; P interaction = 0.003). And the combined genotypes of the functional rs10759637 of SLC31A1 and the nonsynonymous rs2231142 (Log-rank P = 5.20×10-5; HR 1.47; 95 % CI 1.19-1.81; P interaction = 0.007) or linked rs4148157 of ABCG2 were significantly associated with poor survival. Conclusion: This study reveals divergent association of ABCG2 polymorphism with response and survival of NSCLC patients receiving platinum-based chemotherapy, demonstrates the combined effects of functional variants of ABCG2 and SLC31A1 on clinical outcomes, and highlights pharmacogenetic relevance of platinum transporter genes interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Wang
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital and Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangnan Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenxue Mao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ji Qian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiucun Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changhai Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changhai Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunxue Bai
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baohui Han
- Department of Pneumology, Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqiang Gao
- Department of Pneumology, Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jibin Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital of the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiye Yin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhaoqian Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Daru Lu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Jin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haijian Wang
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital and Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ahangari N, Doosti M, Ghayour Mobarhan M, Sahebkar A, Ferns GA, Pasdar A. Personalised medicine in hypercholesterolaemia: the role of pharmacogenetics in statin therapy. Ann Med 2020; 52:462-470. [PMID: 32735150 PMCID: PMC7877934 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2020.1800074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Statins are the first-line choice in Lipid-lowering therapy to reduce cardiovascular risk. In a continuous attempt to optimise treatment success, there is a need for additional research on genes and related molecular pathways that can determine the efficacy and toxicity of lipid-lowering drugs. Several variations within genes associated with lipid metabolism, including those involved in uptake, distribution and metabolism of statins have been reported. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of genetic variations in the key genes responsible for statins' metabolism and their role in personalised medicine and pharmacogenetic testing (PGx) in patients treated with such drugs. Genetic assessment for specific known SNPs within the most known genes such as ABCG2, SLCO1B1, CYP3A4, and HMGCR, appears likely to predict the efficacy of statin therapy and prevent their side effects but does not necessarily reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. Key Messages Hypercholesterolaemia patients show different response to statin therapy. Several variations within genes associated with statin metabolism have been investigated. Genetic assessment for specific known SNPs within the most known genes may improve the efficacy of statins treatment and prevent their side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Najmeh Ahangari
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Doosti
- Department of Medical Genetics, Next Generation Genetic Polyclinic, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Ghayour Mobarhan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Alireza Pasdar
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Division of Applied Medicine, Medical School, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.,Bioinformatics Research Group, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Martínez-Magaña JJ, Genis-Mendoza AD, Villatoro Velázquez JA, Camarena B, Martín Del Campo Sanchez R, Fleiz Bautista C, Bustos Gamiño M, Reséndiz E, Aguilar A, Medina-Mora ME, Nicolini H. The Identification of Admixture Patterns Could Refine Pharmacogenetic Counseling: Analysis of a Population-Based Sample in Mexico. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:324. [PMID: 32390825 PMCID: PMC7188951 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacogenetic analysis has generated translational data that could be applied to guide treatments according to individual genetic variations. However, pharmacogenetic counseling in some mestizo (admixed) populations may require tailoring to different patterns of admixture. The identification and clustering of individuals with related admixture patterns in such populations could help to refine the practice of pharmacogenetic counseling. This study identifies related groups in a highly admixed population-based sample from Mexico, and analyzes the differential distribution of actionable pharmacogenetic variants. A subsample of 1728 individuals from the Mexican Genomic Database for Addiction Research (MxGDAR/Encodat) was analyzed. Genotyping was performed with the commercial PsychArray BeadChip, genome-wide ancestry was estimated using EIGENSOFT, and model-based clustering was applied to defined admixture groups. Actionable pharmacogenetic variants were identified with a query to the Pharmacogenomics Knowledge Base (PharmGKB) database, and functional prediction using the Variant Effect Predictor (VEP). Allele frequencies were compared with chi-square tests and differentiation was estimated by FST. Seven admixture groups were identified in Mexico. Some, like Group 1, Group 4, and Group 5, were found exclusively in certain geographic areas. More than 90% of the individuals, in some groups (Group 1, Group 4 and Group 5) were found in the Central-East and Southeast region of the country. MTRR p.I49M, ABCG2 p.Q141K, CHRNA5 p.D398N, SLCO2B1 rs2851069 show a low degree of differentiation between admixture groups. ANKK1 p.G318R and p.H90R, had the lowest allele frequency of Group 1. The reduction in these alleles reduces the risk of toxicity from anticancer and antihypercholesterolemic drugs. Our analysis identified different admixture patterns and described how they could be used to refine the practice of pharmacogenetic counseling for this admixed population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Jaime Martínez-Magaña
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Psiquiátricas y Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alma Delia Genis-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Psiquiátricas y Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico.,Hospital Psiquiátrico Infantil "Juan N. Navarro," Servicios de Atención Psiquiátrica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Ameth Villatoro Velázquez
- Unidad de Encuestas y Análisis de Datos, Insituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz (INPRFM).,Global Studies Seminar, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Camarena
- Laboratorio de Farmacogenética, Insituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz (INPRFM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Raul Martín Del Campo Sanchez
- Unidad de Encuestas y Análisis de Datos, Insituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz (INPRFM).,Global Studies Seminar, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Clara Fleiz Bautista
- Unidad de Encuestas y Análisis de Datos, Insituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz (INPRFM).,Global Studies Seminar, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marycarmen Bustos Gamiño
- Unidad de Encuestas y Análisis de Datos, Insituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz (INPRFM)
| | - Esbehidy Reséndiz
- Unidad de Encuestas y Análisis de Datos, Insituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz (INPRFM)
| | - Alejandro Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Farmacogenética, Insituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz (INPRFM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Elena Medina-Mora
- Unidad de Encuestas y Análisis de Datos, Insituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz (INPRFM).,Global Studies Seminar, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Humberto Nicolini
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Psiquiátricas y Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Marin JJG, Serrano MA, Monte MJ, Sanchez-Martin A, Temprano AG, Briz O, Romero MR. Role of Genetic Variations in the Hepatic Handling of Drugs. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2884. [PMID: 32326111 PMCID: PMC7215464 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver plays a pivotal role in drug handling due to its contribution to the processes of detoxification (phases 0 to 3). In addition, the liver is also an essential organ for the mechanism of action of many families of drugs, such as cholesterol-lowering, antidiabetic, antiviral, anticoagulant, and anticancer agents. Accordingly, the presence of genetic variants affecting a high number of genes expressed in hepatocytes has a critical clinical impact. The present review is not an exhaustive list but a general overview of the most relevant variants of genes involved in detoxification phases. The available information highlights the importance of defining the genomic profile responsible for the hepatic handling of drugs in many ways, such as (i) impaired uptake, (ii) enhanced export, (iii) altered metabolism due to decreased activation of prodrugs or enhanced inactivation of active compounds, and (iv) altered molecular targets located in the liver due to genetic changes or activation/downregulation of alternative/compensatory pathways. In conclusion, the advance in this field of modern pharmacology, which allows one to predict the outcome of the treatments and to develop more effective and selective agents able to overcome the lack of effect associated with the existence of some genetic variants, is required to step forward toward a more personalized medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose J. G. Marin
- HEVEFARM Group, Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, University of Salamanca, IBSAL, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.A.S.); (M.J.M.); (A.S.-M.); (A.G.T.); (O.B.); (M.R.R.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tomlinson B, Chan P, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Lam CWK. Pharmacokinetics of current and emerging treatments for hypercholesterolemia. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2020; 16:371-385. [PMID: 32223657 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2020.1749261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Reduction of low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and other apolipoprotein B (apoB)-containing lipoproteins reduces cardiovascular (CV) events and greater reductions have greater benefits. Current lipid treatments cannot always achieve desirable LDL-C targets and additional or alternative treatments are often needed.Areas covered: In this article, we review the pharmacokinetics of the available and emerging treatments for hypercholesterolemia and focus on recently approved drugs and those at a late stage of development.Expert opinion: Statin pharmacokinetics are well known and appropriate drugs and doses can usually be chosen for individual patients to achieve LDL-C targets and avoid adverse effects and drug-drug interactions. Ezetimibe, icosapent ethyl and the monoclonal antibodies evolocumab and alirocumab have established efficacy and safety. Newer oral agents including pemafibrate and bempedoic acid have generally favorable pharmacokinetics supporting use in a wide range of patients. RNA-based therapies with antisense oligonucleotides are highly specific for their targets and those inhibiting apoB, apoCIII, angiopoietin-like protein 3 and lipoprotein(a) have shown promising results. The small-interfering RNA inclisiran has the notable advantage that a single subcutaneous administration may be effective for up to 6 months. The CV outcome trial results and long term safety data are eagerly awaited for these new agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Tomlinson
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Paul Chan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuzhen Zhang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongmin Liu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Banerjee BD, Kumar R, Thamineni KL, Shah H, Thakur GK, Sharma T. Effect of Environmental Exposure and Pharmacogenomics on Drug Metabolism. Curr Drug Metab 2020; 20:1103-1113. [PMID: 31933442 DOI: 10.2174/1389200221666200110153304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pesticides are major xenobiotic compounds and environmental pollutants, which are able to alter drug-metabolizing enzyme as well as pharmacokinetics of drugs. Subsequent to the release of the human genome project, genetic variations (polymorphism) become an integral part of drug development due to their influence on disease susceptibility/ progression of the disease and their impact on drug absorption, distribution, metabolism of active metabolites and finally excretion of the drug. Genetic polymorphisms crucially regulate pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs under the influence of physiological condition, lifestyle, as well as pathological conditions collectively. OBJECTIVE To review all the evidence concerning the effect of environmental exposure on drug metabolism with reference to pharmacogenomics. METHODS Scientific data search and review of basic, epidemiological, pharmacogenomics and pharmacokinetics studies were undertaken to evaluate the influence of environmental contaminants on drug metabolism. RESULTS Various environmental contaminants like pesticides effectively alter drug metabolism at various levels under the influence of pharmacogenomics, which interferes with pharmacokinetics of drug metabolism. Genetic polymorphism of phase I and phase II xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes remarkably alters disease susceptibility as well as the progression of disease under the influence of various environmental contaminants at various levels. CONCLUSION Individual specific drug response may be attributed to a large variety of factors alone or in combination ranging from genetic variations (SNP, insertion, deletion, duplication etc.) to physiological setting (gender, age, body size, and ethnicity), environmental or lifestyle factors (radiation exposure, smoking, alcohol, nutrition, exposure to toxins, etc.); and pathological conditions (obesity, diabetes, liver and renal function).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Basu Dev Banerjee
- Environmental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital (University of Delhi), Dilshad Garden, Delhi-110095, India
| | - Ranjeet Kumar
- Environmental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital (University of Delhi), Dilshad Garden, Delhi-110095, India
| | - Krishna Latha Thamineni
- Environmental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital (University of Delhi), Dilshad Garden, Delhi-110095, India
| | - Harendra Shah
- Environmental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital (University of Delhi), Dilshad Garden, Delhi-110095, India
| | - Gaurav Kumar Thakur
- Environmental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital (University of Delhi), Dilshad Garden, Delhi-110095, India
| | - Tusha Sharma
- Environmental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital (University of Delhi), Dilshad Garden, Delhi-110095, India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Influence of OATP1B1 and BCRP polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of rosuvastatin in elderly and young Korean subjects. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19410. [PMID: 31857620 PMCID: PMC6923423 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55562-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A lack of information regarding whether genetic polymorphisms of SLCO1B1 and ABCG2 affect the pharmacokinetics (PKs)/pharmacodynamics (PDs) of rosuvastatin in elderly subjects prevents optimal individualized pharmacotherapy of rosuvastatin in clinical settings. This study aimed to investigate the effect of age and genetic polymorphisms and possible differences in genetic effects on the PKs/PDs of rosuvastatin between elderly and young subjects. Two separate clinical studies designed as open-label, one-sequence studies with multiple-dose administration for elderly (n = 20) and young (n = 32) subjects were conducted. All subjects received 20 mg of rosuvastatin once daily for 21 days. The exposure to rosuvastatin, characterized by the area under the time curve (AUC), increased by 23% in the elderly subjects compared with that of young subjects, which was not significant. When compared to the subjects with breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) normal function, the exposure to rosuvastatin increased by 44% in young subjects (p = 0.0021) with BCRP intermediate function (IF) and by 35% and 59% (p > 0.05 for both) in elderly subjects with BCRP IF and low function, respectively. SLCO1B1 521T > C was also partially associated with a higher AUC of rosuvastatin in young subjects and a less pronounced increasing trend in elderly subjects (p > 0.05 for both). The lipid-lowering effect of rosuvastatin was less pronounced in the elderly subjects than in the young subjects, and genetic polymorphisms of neither SLCO1B1 nor ABCG2 significantly affected the PDs of rosuvastatin. The ABCG2 421C > A polymorphism was associated with the PKs of rosuvastatin and was identified as a more important determinant than the SLCO1B1 521T > C polymorphism in both elderly and young subjects.
Collapse
|
23
|
Iwaki Y, Lee W, Sugiyama Y. Comparative and quantitative assessment on statin efficacy and safety: insights into inter-statin and inter-individual variability via dose- and exposure-response relationships. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2019; 15:897-911. [PMID: 31648563 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2019.1681399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Statins are prescribed widely for cholesterol-lowering therapy, but it is known that their efficacy and safety profiles vary, despite the shared pharmacophore and pharmacological target. The immense body of related clinical and preclinical data offers a unique opportunity to explore the possible factors underlying inter-statin and inter-individual variabilities.Area covered: Clinical and preclinical data from various statins were compiled with regard to the efficacy (cholesterol-lowering effect) and safety (muscle toxicity). Based on the compiled data, dose- and exposure-response relationships were explored to obtain mechanistic and quantitative insights into the variations in the efficacy and safety profiles of statins.Expert opinion: Our analyses indicated that the inter-statin variability in the cholesterol-lowering effect may be mainly attributable to variations in potency of inhibition of the pharmacological target, rather than variations in drug exposure at the site of drug action. However, the drug exposure at the sites of drug action (i.e., the liver for efficacy and the muscle for safety) may contribute to the differences in the efficacy and safety observed in individual patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Iwaki
- Clinical Pharmacology, Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wooin Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuichi Sugiyama
- Sugiyama Laboratory, RIKEN Baton Zone Program, RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Guan ZW, Wu KR, Li R, Yin Y, Li XL, Zhang SF, Li Y. Pharmacogenetics of statins treatment: Efficacy and safety. J Clin Pharm Ther 2019; 44:858-867. [PMID: 31436349 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.13025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Statins are widely used worldwide in the prevention and treatment of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease and ischaemic stroke. However, in clinical application, statins have shown great individual differences in terms of the efficacy and safety, some of which are related to genetic factors. The purpose of this article was to summarize the recent advances about the correlation between gene polymorphisms and the efficacy/safety of statins. METHODS We searched the databases including PharmGKB and PubMed (published before June 2019) using the keywords such as 'statin', 'gene polymorphism' and 'SNP' and obtained more than 100 articles. In this review, we described the clinical studies of genetic variants associated with both the efficacy and adverse reactions of statins. We also clarified the importance of taking pharmacogenetic variation into account to improve the clinical application of statins. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The available data were collected and analysed to present the polymorphisms of candidate genes encoding the most promising proteins including SLCO1B1 (encoding uptake transporters); ABCB1, ABCC2, ABCG2 (encoding effluent transporter); APOE, APOA5 (encoding apolipoprotein); genes encoding cytochrome P450 enzyme system; KIF6, HMGCR, LDLR, LPA, PCSK9, COQ2, CETP, etc These genes were proved to be related to the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of statins, thus affecting the efficacy and safety. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION In this paper, the correlation between gene polymorphisms and the efficacy/safety of statins was summarized. The authors reached a consensus that the variants of the genes encoding uptake and effluent transporters have the most effect on the efficacy/safety of statins. It pointed out that it is desirable to do genetic testing of these transporter genes to reduce the incidence of myopathy or to achieve better outcomes before patients use statins, especially in the regions with high frequency of risk allele.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Wan Guan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Kun-Rong Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Rui Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Xiao-Li Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Shu-Fang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Yan Li
- Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia often went unrecognized in China when population cholesterol levels were low, but rapid economic development has changed the situation. This review will discuss the current position of awareness, diagnosis, and management of familial hypercholesterolemia in Chinese populations. RECENT FINDINGS The phenotype of familial hypercholesterolemia in China and other Chinese populations has become similar to that in Western countries, although it may still be somewhat less severe. The prevalence in Chinese populations is also similar to that in other countries and it has been found in up to 7% of Chinese patients with premature coronary heart disease. Most of the mutations are in the low-density lipoprotein receptor gene but the pattern of mutations differs from that in Whites. Chinese patients may be more responsive to statins than Whites but patients with familial hypercholesterolemia are often undertreated. SUMMARY Increasing population cholesterol levels have changed the phenotype of familial hypercholesterolemia in China and Chinese patients now resemble those in Western countries. International initiatives are facilitating increased awareness and identification of cases and more effective management of the condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Tomlinson
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Miao Hu
- Bright Future Pharmaceutical Laboratories Limited, Hong Kong
| | - Elaine Chow
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Malfará BN, Benzi JRDL, de Oliveira Filgueira GC, Zanelli CF, Duarte G, de Carvalho Cavalli R, de Moraes NV. ABCG2 c.421C>A polymorphism alters nifedipine transport to breast milk in hypertensive breastfeeding women. Reprod Toxicol 2019; 85:1-5. [PMID: 30659932 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Nifedipine, a known substrate to breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2/BCRP), is used for the treatment of hypertension during breastfeeding. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ABCG2 c.421C>A on nifedipine transfer to breast milk (BM) in hypertensive women. Nineteen hypertensive breastfeeding women treated with 20 mg nifedipine every 12 hours were investigated. Blood and BM samples were collected simultaneously 15-30 days after delivery and at least 15 days after drug treatment. Patients genotyped as ABCG2 c.421CC showed nifedipine plasma and BM concentrations ranging from 8.32-178.1 ng/mL and 4.8-58.5 ng/mL, respectively. ABCG2 c.421C>A showed a trend towards significance (p = 0.0793) on nifedipine in BM, with concentrations approximately 3 times higher in the heterozygous 421 CA (29 ng/mL) in comparison to 421 CC (10.5 ng/mL). Nifedipine BM/plasma ratio was significantly lower in 421CC when compared to 421CA (p = 0.01). In conclusion, ABCG2 c.421C>A polymorphism is associated with higher transfer of nifedipine to BM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Nayra Malfará
- Department of Natural Products and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cleslei Fernando Zanelli
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Geraldo Duarte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Carvalho Cavalli
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natália Valadares de Moraes
- Department of Natural Products and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lam YWF. Principles of Pharmacogenomics. Pharmacogenomics 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-812626-4.00001-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
|
28
|
ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters in the Clinical Implementation of Pharmacogenetics. J Pers Med 2018; 8:jpm8040040. [PMID: 30563187 PMCID: PMC6313650 DOI: 10.3390/jpm8040040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are involved in a large number of processes and contribute to various human genetic diseases. Among other functions, ABC proteins are involved in the transport of multiple drugs through cells. Most of the genes coding for these transporters are highly polymorphic and DNA variants in these genes can affect the normal functioning of these proteins, affecting the way drugs are transported, increasing or decreasing drug levels. These changes in the intracellular and extracellular drug levels may be associated with altered drug effectiveness or severe drug-induced adverse events. This review presents a state-of-art of the most pharmacogenetics clinically relevant ABC transporters closed to the clinical implementation.
Collapse
|
29
|
Heyes N, Kapoor P, Kerr ID. Polymorphisms of the Multidrug Pump ABCG2: A Systematic Review of Their Effect on Protein Expression, Function, and Drug Pharmacokinetics. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 46:1886-1899. [PMID: 30266733 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.118.083030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The widespread expression and polyspecificity of the multidrug ABCG2 efflux transporter make it an important determinant of the pharmacokinetics of a variety of substrate drugs. Null ABCG2 expression has been linked to the Junior blood group. Polymorphisms affecting the expression or function of ABCG2 may have clinically important roles in drug disposition and efficacy. The most well-studied single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), Q141K (421C>A), is shown to decrease ABCG2 expression and activity, resulting in increased total drug exposure and decreased resistance to various substrates. The effect of Q141K can be rationalized by inspection of the ABCG2 structure, and the effects of this SNP on protein processing may make it a target for pharmacological intervention. The V12M SNP (34G>A) appears to improve outcomes in cancer patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, but the reasons for this are yet to be established, and this residue's role in the mechanism of the protein is unexplored by current biochemical and structural approaches. Research into the less-common polymorphisms is confined to in vitro studies, with several polymorphisms shown to decrease resistance to anticancer agents such as SN-38 and mitoxantrone. In this review, we present a systematic analysis of the effects of ABCG2 polymorphisms on ABCG2 function and drug pharmacokinetics. Where possible, we use recent structural advances to present a molecular interpretation of the effects of SNPs and indicate where we need further in vitro experiments to fully resolve how SNPs impact ABCG2 function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niall Heyes
- School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Parth Kapoor
- School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ian D Kerr
- School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhu W, Deng Y, Zhou X. Multiple Membrane Transporters and Some Immune Regulatory Genes are Major Genetic Factors to Gout. Open Rheumatol J 2018; 12:94-113. [PMID: 30123371 PMCID: PMC6062909 DOI: 10.2174/1874312901812010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Gout is a common form of inflammatory arthritis caused by hyperuricemia and the deposition of Monosodium Urate (MSU) crystals. It is also considered as a complex disorder in which multiple genetic factors have been identified in association with its susceptibility and/or clinical outcomes. Major genes that were associated with gout include URAT1, GLUT9, OAT4, NPT1 (SLC17A1), NPT4 (SLC17A3), NPT5 (SLC17A4), MCT9, ABCG2, ABCC4, KCNQ1, PDZK1, NIPAL1, IL1β, IL-8, IL-12B, IL-23R, TNFA, MCP-1/CCL2, NLRP3, PPARGC1B, TLR4, CD14, CARD8, P2X7R, EGF, A1CF, HNF4G and TRIM46, LRP2, GKRP, ADRB3, ADH1B, ALDH2, COMT, MAOA, PRKG2, WDR1, ALPK1, CARMIL (LRRC16A), RFX3, BCAS3, CNIH-2, FAM35A and MYL2-CUX2. The proteins encoded by these genes mainly function in urate transport, inflammation, innate immunity and metabolism. Understanding the functions of gout-associated genes will provide important insights into future studies to explore the pathogenesis of gout, as well as to develop targeted therapies for gout.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yan Deng
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology of Children, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Rocha KCE, Pereira BMV, Rodrigues AC. An update on efflux and uptake transporters as determinants of statin response. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2018; 14:613-624. [PMID: 29842801 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2018.1482276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Statins are used in the treatment of dyslipidemia promoting primary and secondary prevention against detrimental cardiovascular events. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and solute carrier (SLC) membrane transporters transport statins across the cell membrane. Differences in drug transporter tissue expression and activity contribute to variability in statin pharmacokinetics (PK) and response. Areas covered: The purpose of this review is to discuss factors impacting transporter expression and the effect this has on statin efficacy and safety. Previous studies have demonstrated that genetic polymorphisms, drug-drug interactions (DDI), nuclear receptors, and microRNAs affect statin PK and pharmacodynamics. Expert opinion: Genetic variants of ABCG2 and SLCO1B1 transporters affect statin PK and, as a result, the intended lipid-lowering response. However, the effect size is small, limiting its applicability in clinical practice. Furthermore, genetic variants do not totally explain the observed intervariability in statin response. Thus, it is likely that transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of drug transporters are also highly involved. Further studies are required to understand the contribution of each of these new factors in statin disposition and toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karina Cunha E Rocha
- a Department of Pharmacology , Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - Beatriz Maria Veloso Pereira
- a Department of Pharmacology , Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - Alice Cristina Rodrigues
- a Department of Pharmacology , Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo , SP , Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Blood lipids are important modifiable risk factors for coronary heart disease and various drugs have been developed to target lipid fractions. Considerable efforts have been made to identify genetic variants that modulate responses to drugs in the hope of optimizing their use. Pharmacogenomics and new biotechnologies now allow for meaningful integration of human genetic findings and therapeutic development for increased efficiency and precision of lipid-lowering drugs. Polygenic predictors of disease risk are also changing how patient populations can be stratified, enabling targeted therapeutic interventions to patients more likely to derive the highest benefit, marking a shift from single variant to genomic approaches in pharmacogenomics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc-André Legault
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, H1T 1C8, Canada.,Université de Montréal, Faculté de médecine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.,Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Centre, Montreal, H1T 1C8, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, H1T 1C8, Canada.,Université de Montréal, Faculté de médecine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Marie-Pierre Dubé
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, H1T 1C8, Canada.,Université de Montréal, Faculté de médecine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.,Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Centre, Montreal, H1T 1C8, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Rhodes DA, Chen HC, Williamson JC, Hill A, Yuan J, Smith S, Rhodes H, Trowsdale J, Lehner PJ, Herrmann T, Eberl M. Regulation of Human γδ T Cells by BTN3A1 Protein Stability and ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters. Front Immunol 2018; 9:662. [PMID: 29670629 PMCID: PMC5893821 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of human Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells by "phosphoantigens" (pAg), the microbial metabolite (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate (HMB-PP) and the endogenous isoprenoid intermediate isopentenyl pyrophosphate, requires expression of butyrophilin BTN3A molecules by presenting cells. However, the precise mechanism of activation of Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells by BTN3A molecules remains elusive. It is not clear what conformation of the three BTN3A isoforms transmits activation signals nor how externally delivered pAg accesses the cytosolic B30.2 domain of BTN3A1. To approach these problems, we studied two HLA haplo-identical HeLa cell lines, termed HeLa-L and HeLa-M, which showed marked differences in pAg-dependent stimulation of Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells. Levels of IFN-γ secretion by Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells were profoundly increased by pAg loading, or by binding of the pan-BTN3A specific agonist antibody CD277 20.1, in HeLa-M compared to HeLa-L cells. IL-2 production from a murine hybridoma T cell line expressing human Vγ9/Vδ2 T cell receptor (TCR) transgenes confirmed that the differential responsiveness to HeLa-L and HeLa-M was TCR dependent. By tissue typing, both HeLa lines were shown to be genetically identical and full-length transcripts of the three BTN3A isoforms were detected in equal abundance with no sequence variation. Expression of BTN3A and interacting molecules, such as periplakin or RhoB, did not account for the functional variation between HeLa-L and HeLa-M cells. Instead, the data implicate a checkpoint controlling BTN3A1 stability and protein trafficking, acting at an early time point in its maturation. In addition, plasma membrane profiling was used to identify proteins upregulated in HMB-PP-treated HeLa-M. ABCG2, a member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family was the most significant candidate, which crucially showed reduced expression in HeLa-L. Expression of a subset of ABC transporters, including ABCA1 and ABCG1, correlated with efficiency of T cell activation by cytokine secretion, although direct evidence of a functional role was not obtained by knockdown experiments. Our findings indicate a link between members of the ABC protein superfamily and the BTN3A-dependent activation of γδ T cells by endogenous and exogenous pAg.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A. Rhodes
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: David A. Rhodes,
| | - Hung-Chang Chen
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - James C. Williamson
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alfred Hill
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jack Yuan
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sam Smith
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Harriet Rhodes
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John Trowsdale
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Paul J. Lehner
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Herrmann
- Institut für Virologie und Immunbiologie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Eberl
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom,Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Futatsugi A, Toshimoto K, Yoshikado T, Sugiyama Y, Kato Y. Evaluation of Alteration in Hepatic and Intestinal BCRP Function In Vivo from ABCG2 c.421C>A Polymorphism Based on PBPK Analysis of Rosuvastatin. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 46:749-757. [PMID: 29440178 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.117.078816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymorphism c.421C>A in the ABCG2 gene is thought to reduce the activity of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), a xenobiotic transporter, although it is not clear which organ(s) contributes to the polymorphism-associated pharmacokinetic change. The aim of the present study was to estimate quantitatively the influence of c.421C>A on intestinal and hepatic BCRP activity using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of rosuvastatin developed from clinical data and several in vitro studies. Simultaneous fitting of clinical data for orally and intravenously administered rosuvastatin, obtained in human subjects without genotype information, was first performed with the PBPK model to estimate intrinsic clearance for hepatic elementary process. The fraction of BCRP activity in 421CA and 421AA (fca and faa values, respectively) with respect to that in 421CC subjects was then estimated based on extended clearance concepts and simultaneous fitting to oral administration data for the three genotypes (421CC, 421CA, and 421AA). On the assumption that c.421C>A affects both intestinal and hepatic BCRP, clinical data in each genotype were well reproduced by the model, and the estimated terminal half-life was compatible with the observed values. The assumption that c.421C>A affects only either intestinal or hepatic BCRP gave poorer agreement with observed values. The faa values obtained on the former assumption were 0.48-0.54. Thus, PBPK model analysis enabled quantitative evaluation of alteration in BCRP activity owing to c.421C>A, and BCRP activity in 421AA was estimated as half that in 421CC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Futatsugi
- Sugiyama Laboratory, RIKEN Innovation Center, RIKEN Cluster for Industry Partnerships, RIKEN (A.F., K.T., T.Y., Y.S.), and Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University (A.F., Y.K.), Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kota Toshimoto
- Sugiyama Laboratory, RIKEN Innovation Center, RIKEN Cluster for Industry Partnerships, RIKEN (A.F., K.T., T.Y., Y.S.), and Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University (A.F., Y.K.), Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Yoshikado
- Sugiyama Laboratory, RIKEN Innovation Center, RIKEN Cluster for Industry Partnerships, RIKEN (A.F., K.T., T.Y., Y.S.), and Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University (A.F., Y.K.), Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yuichi Sugiyama
- Sugiyama Laboratory, RIKEN Innovation Center, RIKEN Cluster for Industry Partnerships, RIKEN (A.F., K.T., T.Y., Y.S.), and Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University (A.F., Y.K.), Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yukio Kato
- Sugiyama Laboratory, RIKEN Innovation Center, RIKEN Cluster for Industry Partnerships, RIKEN (A.F., K.T., T.Y., Y.S.), and Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University (A.F., Y.K.), Kanazawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kim TE, Shin D, Gu N, Jung BH, Kim J, Cho YM, Yu KS, Cho JY. The Effect of Genetic Polymorphisms in SLCO2B1
on the Lipid-Lowering Efficacy of Rosuvastatin in Healthy Adults with Elevated Low-Density Lipoprotein. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Eun Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology; Konkuk University Medical Center; Seoul Korea
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics; Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital; Seoul Korea
| | - Dongseong Shin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics; Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital; Seoul Korea
- Clinical Trials Center; Gachon University Gil Medical Center; Incheon Korea
| | - Namyi Gu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics; Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital; Seoul Korea
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics; Dongguk University College of Medicine and Ilsan Hospital; Goyang Gyeonggi-do Korea
| | - Byung Hwa Jung
- Molecular Recognition Research Center; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Seoul Korea
| | - Jayoun Kim
- Research Coordinating Center; Konkuk University Medical Center; Seoul Korea
| | - Young Min Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine; Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital; Seoul Korea
| | - Kyung-Sang Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics; Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital; Seoul Korea
| | - Joo-Youn Cho
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics; Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital; Seoul Korea
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Mehdar A, Hegele RA, Kim RB, Gryn SE. Statin therapy: time for a precision medicine approach? EXPERT REVIEW OF PRECISION MEDICINE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/23808993.2017.1356685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Albayda Mehdar
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Robert A Hegele
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry and Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Richard B. Kim
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Steven E. Gryn
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kim TE, Ha N, Kim Y, Kim H, Lee JW, Jeon JY, Kim MG. Effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate, major ingredient of green tea, on the pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin in healthy volunteers. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2017; 11:1409-1416. [PMID: 28533679 PMCID: PMC5431696 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s130050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Previous in vitro studies have demonstrated the inhibitory effect of green tea on drug transporters. Because rosuvastatin, a lipid-lowering drug widely used for the prevention of cardiovascular events, is a substrate for many drug transporters, there is a possibility that there is interaction between green tea and rosuvastatin. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of green tea on the pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin in healthy volunteers. An open-label, three-treatment, fixed-sequence study was conducted. On Day 1, 20 mg of rosuvastatin was given to all subjects. After a 3-day washout period, the subjects received 20 mg of rosuvastatin plus 300 mg of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major ingredient of green tea (Day 4). After a 10-day pretreatment of EGCG up to Day 14, they received rosuvastatin (20 mg) plus EGCG (300 mg) once again (Day 15). Blood samples for the pharmacokinetic assessments were collected up to 8 hours after each dose of rosuvastatin. A total of 13 healthy volunteers were enrolled. Compared with the administration of rosuvastatin alone, the concomitant use at Day 4 significantly reduced the area under the concentration-time curve from time 0 to the last measurable time (AUClast) by 19% (geometric mean ratio 0.81, 90% confidence interval [CI] 0.67-0.97) and the peak plasma concentration (Cmax) by 15% (geometric mean ratio 0.85, 90% CI 0.70-1.04). AUClast or Cmax of rosuvastatin on Day 15 was not significantly different from that on Day 1. This study demonstrated that co-administration of EGCG reduces the systemic exposure of rosuvastatin by 19%, and pretreatment of EGCG can eliminate that effect of co-administration of EGCG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Eun Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul
| | - Na Ha
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk
| | - Yunjeong Kim
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk
| | - Hyunsook Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul
| | - Jae Wook Lee
- Nephrology Clinic, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do
| | - Ji-Young Jeon
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk
| | - Min-Gul Kim
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk.,Department of Pharmacology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Arrigoni E, Del Re M, Fidilio L, Fogli S, Danesi R, Di Paolo A. Pharmacogenetic Foundations of Therapeutic Efficacy and Adverse Events of Statins. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010104. [PMID: 28067828 PMCID: PMC5297738 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In the era of precision medicine, more attention is paid to the search for predictive markers of treatment efficacy and tolerability. Statins are one of the classes of drugs that could benefit from this approach because of their wide use and their incidence of adverse events. Methods: Literature from PubMed databases and bibliography from retrieved publications have been analyzed according to terms such as statins, pharmacogenetics, epigenetics, toxicity and drug–drug interaction, among others. The search was performed until 1 October 2016 for articles published in English language. Results: Several technical and methodological approaches have been adopted, including candidate gene and next generation sequencing (NGS) analyses, the latter being more robust and reliable. Among genes identified as possible predictive factors associated with statins toxicity, cytochrome P450 isoforms, transmembrane transporters and mitochondrial enzymes are the best characterized. Finally, the solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 (SLCO1B1) transporter seems to be the best target for future studies. Moreover, drug–drug interactions need to be considered for the best approach to personalized treatment. Conclusions: Pharmacogenetics of statins includes several possible genes and their polymorphisms, but muscular toxicities seem better related to SLCO1B1 variant alleles. Their analysis in the general population of patients taking statins could improve treatment adherence and efficacy; however, the cost–efficacy ratio should be carefully evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Arrigoni
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetic Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Marzia Del Re
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetic Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Leonardo Fidilio
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetic Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Stefano Fogli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Romano Danesi
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetic Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Antonello Di Paolo
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetic Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Naito R, Miyauchi K, Daida H. Racial Differences in the Cholesterol-Lowering Effect of Statin. J Atheroscler Thromb 2017; 24:19-25. [PMID: 27733728 PMCID: PMC5225129 DOI: 10.5551/jat.rv16004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Statin treatment to reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is associated with the prevention of cardiovascular events in Western patients. Similar results have been reported in studies conducted in Japan. However, the dose of statins and the degree of LDL-C reduction achieved with statins are different between Asian and Western patients. In addition, there are limited data regarding racial differences in response to statins. In this review, racial differences between Asians and Westerners in response to statins are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Naito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsumi Miyauchi
- Department of Cardiology, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Daida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Miyata H, Takada T, Toyoda Y, Matsuo H, Ichida K, Suzuki H. Identification of Febuxostat as a New Strong ABCG2 Inhibitor: Potential Applications and Risks in Clinical Situations. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:518. [PMID: 28082903 PMCID: PMC5187494 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette transporter G2 (ABCG2) is a plasma membrane protein that regulates the pharmacokinetics of a variety of drugs and serum uric acid (SUA) levels in humans. Despite the pharmacological and physiological importance of this transporter, there is no clinically available drug that modulates ABCG2 function. Therefore, to identify such drugs, we investigated the effect of drugs that affect SUA levels on ABCG2 function. This strategy was based on the hypothesis that the changes of SUA levels might caused by interaction with ABCG2 since it is a physiologically important urate transporter. The results of the in vitro screening showed that 10 of 25 drugs investigated strongly inhibited the urate transport activity of ABCG2. Moreover, febuxostat was revealed to be the most promising candidate of all the potential ABCG2 inhibitors based on its potent inhibition at clinical concentrations; the half-maximal inhibitory concentration of febuxostat was lower than its maximum plasma unbound concentrations reported. Indeed, our in vivo study demonstrated that orally administered febuxostat inhibited the intestinal Abcg2 and, thereby, increased the intestinal absorption of an ABCG2 substrate sulfasalazine in wild-type mice, but not in Abcg2 knockout mice. These results suggest that febuxostat might inhibit human ABCG2 at a clinical dose. Furthermore, the results of this study lead to a proposed new application of febuxostat for enhancing the bioavailability of ABCG2 substrate drugs, named febuxostat-boosted therapy, and also imply the potential risk of adverse effects by drug-drug interactions that could occur between febuxostat and ABCG2 substrate drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Miyata
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tappei Takada
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Toyoda
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Matsuo
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine, National Defense Medical College Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Kimiyoshi Ichida
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ahmed S, Zhou Z, Zhou J, Chen SQ. Pharmacogenomics of Drug Metabolizing Enzymes and Transporters: Relevance to Precision Medicine. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2016; 14:298-313. [PMID: 27729266 PMCID: PMC5093856 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The interindividual genetic variations in drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters influence the efficacy and toxicity of numerous drugs. As a fundamental element in precision medicine, pharmacogenomics, the study of responses of individuals to medication based on their genomic information, enables the evaluation of some specific genetic variants responsible for an individual’s particular drug response. In this article, we review the contributions of genetic polymorphisms to major individual variations in drug pharmacotherapy, focusing specifically on the pharmacogenomics of phase-I drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters. Substantial frequency differences in key variants of drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters, as well as their possible functional consequences, have also been discussed across geographic regions. The current effort illustrates the common presence of variability in drug responses among individuals and across all geographic regions. This information will aid health-care professionals in prescribing the most appropriate treatment aimed at achieving the best possible beneficial outcomes while avoiding unwanted effects for a particular patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shabbir Ahmed
- Department of Precision Medicine and Biopharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhan Zhou
- Department of Precision Medicine and Biopharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Precision Medicine and Biopharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shu-Qing Chen
- Department of Precision Medicine and Biopharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; International Center for Precision Medicine, Zhejiang California International NanoSystems Institute, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Telmisartan increases systemic exposure to rosuvastatin after single and multiple doses, and in vitro studies show telmisartan inhibits ABCG2-mediated transport of rosuvastatin. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 72:1471-1478. [DOI: 10.1007/s00228-016-2130-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
43
|
Abstract
Lipid-lowering medications, particularly statins, have been a popular target for pharmacogenetic studies. A handful of genes have shown promise for predicting response to therapy from the perspective of lipid lowering, as well as myopathy. A number of genes have been implicated and have biological plausibility based on their involvement with the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of statins or other lipid-lowering medications. The level of confidence and replication of these findings varies, although several associations are likely true. Novel classes of lipid-lowering therapy have opened up new possibilities in the treatment of severe inherited forms of dyslipidemia, making the identification of such mutations an important pharmacogenetic predictor of failure of standard therapy, with potential response to novel therapy. Advances in next-generation sequencing technology bring the application of pharmacogenetics even closer to routine clinical practice.
Collapse
|
44
|
Impact of CYP2D6, CYP3A5, CYP2C19, CYP2A6, SLCO1B1, ABCB1, and ABCG2 gene polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of simvastatin and simvastatin acid. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2016; 25:595-608. [PMID: 26367500 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0000000000000176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effects of various polymorphisms in cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme and transporter genes on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of simvastatin were evaluated in healthy Korean men. METHODS Plasma concentration data for simvastatin and simvastatin acid were pooled from four phase I studies comprising 133 participants. The polymorphisms CYP2D6*4, CYP2D6*5, CYP2D6*14, CYP2D6*41, CYP3A5*3, CYP2C19*2, CYP2C19*3, CYP2A6*7, and CYP2A6*9; SLCO1B1 rs4149056, rs2306283, and rs4149015; ABCB1 rs1128503, rs2032582, and rs1045642; and ABCG2 rs2231142 were evaluated in each participant. Noncompartmental PK results were compared by genotype. RESULTS CYP2D6*5 and CYP2D6*14 were found to be associated with a higher area under the curve (AUC) for simvastatin, whereas the AUC of simvastatin acid was significantly increased in patients with the SLCO1B1 rs4149056, ABCG2 rs2231142, and CYP2D6*41 allele variants. Patients with the CYP2D6*41 variant showed a higher peak serum concentration (Cmax) of both simvastatin and simvastatin acid. The SLCO1B1 rs4149056 and rs4149015 polymorphisms were associated with an increased AUC ratio (i.e. ratio of simvastatin acid to simvastatin), whereas the SLCO1B1 rs4149056 and CYP2D6*5 variants were related to a higher Cmax ratio. CONCLUSION The CYP2D6*5, CYP2D6*14, CYP2D6*41, CYP3A5*3, SLCO1B1 rs4149056 and rs4149015, and ABCG2 rs2231142 genetic polymorphisms are associated with the PK of both simvastatin and simvastatin acid. This could potentially be used as a basis for individualized simvastatin therapy by predicting the clinical outcomes of this treatment.
Collapse
|
45
|
Varma MV, El-Kattan AF. Transporter-Enzyme Interplay: Deconvoluting Effects of Hepatic Transporters and Enzymes on Drug Disposition Using Static and Dynamic Mechanistic Models. J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 56 Suppl 7:S99-S109. [DOI: 10.1002/jcph.695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manthena V. Varma
- Pharmacokinetics; Dynamics and Metabolism; Worldwide Research and Development; Pfizer Inc; Groton CT USA
| | - Ayman F. El-Kattan
- Pharmacokinetics; Dynamics and Metabolism; Worldwide Research and Development; Pfizer Inc; Cambridge MA USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
McLean C, Wilson A, Kim RB. Impact of Transporter Polymorphisms on Drug Development: Is It Clinically Significant? J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 56 Suppl 7:S40-58. [DOI: 10.1002/jcph.691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheynne McLean
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Western University; London, Ontario Canada
| | - Aze Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Western University; London, Ontario Canada
- Department of Medicine; Western University; London, Ontario Canada
| | - Richard B. Kim
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Western University; London, Ontario Canada
- Department of Medicine; Western University; London, Ontario Canada
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Matsa E, Ahrens JH, Wu JC. Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells as a Platform for Personalized and Precision Cardiovascular Medicine. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:1093-126. [PMID: 27335446 PMCID: PMC6345246 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00036.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have revolutionized the field of human disease modeling, with an enormous potential to serve as paradigm shifting platforms for preclinical trials, personalized clinical diagnosis, and drug treatment. In this review, we describe how hiPSCs could transition cardiac healthcare away from simple disease diagnosis to prediction and prevention, bridging the gap between basic and clinical research to bring the best science to every patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Matsa
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - John H Ahrens
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
No effects of pantoprazole on the pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin in healthy subjects. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 72:925-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s00228-016-2065-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
49
|
Leusink M, Maitland-van der Zee AH, Ding B, Drenos F, van Iperen EP, Warren HR, Caulfield MJ, Cupples LA, Cushman M, Hingorani AD, Hoogeveen RC, Hovingh GK, Kumari M, Lange LA, Munroe PB, Nyberg F, Schreiner PJ, Sivapalaratnam S, de Bakker PI, de Boer A, Keating BJ, Asselbergs FW, Onland-Moret NC. A genetic risk score is associated with statin-induced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering. Pharmacogenomics 2016; 17:583-91. [PMID: 27045730 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.16.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To find new genetic loci associated with statin response, and to investigate the association of a genetic risk score (GRS) with this outcome. PATIENTS & METHODS In a discovery meta-analysis (five studies, 1991 individuals), we investigated the effects of approximately 50000 single nucleotide polymorphisms on statin response, following up associations with p < 1 × 10(-4) (three independent studies, 5314 individuals). We further assessed the effect of a GRS based on SNPs in ABCG2, LPA and APOE. RESULTS No new SNPs were found associated with statin response. The GRS was associated with reduced statin response: 0.0394 mmol/l per allele (95% CI: 0.0171-0.0617, p = 5.37 × 10(-4)). CONCLUSION The GRS was associated with statin response, but the small effect size (˜2% of the average low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction) limits applicability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Leusink
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology & Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Julius Center for Health Sciences & Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anke H Maitland-van der Zee
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology & Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bo Ding
- Medical Evidence & Observational Research Center, Global Medical Affairs, AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Fotios Drenos
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK.,MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Erik Pa van Iperen
- Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Helen R Warren
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Mark J Caulfield
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - L Adrienne Cupples
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,The National Heart, Lung, & Blood Institute Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Mary Cushman
- Departments of Medicine & Pathology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Aroon D Hingorani
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, UCL Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ron C Hoogeveen
- Division of Atherosclerosis & Vascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - G Kees Hovingh
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Meena Kumari
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, UCL Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, University College London, London, UK
| | - Leslie A Lange
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Patricia B Munroe
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Fredrik Nyberg
- Medical Evidence & Observational Research Center, Global Medical Affairs, AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Suthesh Sivapalaratnam
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Iw de Bakker
- Julius Center for Health Sciences & Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anthonius de Boer
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology & Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Brendan J Keating
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Population Health Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - N Charlotte Onland-Moret
- Julius Center for Health Sciences & Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Cheng ST, Wu S, Su CW, Teng MS, Hsu LA, Ko YL. Association of ABCG2 rs2231142-A allele and serum uric acid levels in male and obese individuals in a Han Taiwanese population. J Formos Med Assoc 2016; 116:18-23. [PMID: 26792383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Recent studies suggest that hyperuricemia is a potential risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Hyperuricemia is highly heritable and is associated with sex and body weight. Previous genome-wide association studies have found that the ABCG2 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2231142 is an important genetic factor for increased uric acid (UA) levels, and the degree of association between rs2231142 and hyperuricemia is affected by both sex and ethnicity. This investigation aimed to analyze the association between ABCG2 polymorphisms and UA levels, as well as their interactions with sex and obesity in Taiwanese. METHODS Two genetic polymorphisms around the ABCG2 gene were genotyped in 459 patients. RESULTS After adjusting for clinical covariates, the rs2231142 SNP was found significantly associated with UA levels using a dominant inheritance model. Patients carrying the rs2231142-A allele had a higher frequency of hyperuricemia than those with the rs2231142-CC allele. Subgroup analysis revealed an association of rs2231142 with UA levels in male or obese patients, and there was no association in nonobese female patients. CONCLUSION The rs2231142 SNP is associated with serum UA levels and hyperuricemia in Taiwanese patients and it occurs predominantly in male or obese patients. Hyperuricemia might be controlled differently by sex and obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Tsung Cheng
- The Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Medical Center, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan; Tzu Chi University College of Medicine, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Semon Wu
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Life Science, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wen Su
- The Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Medical Center, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Sheng Teng
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lung-An Hsu
- The First Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lin Ko
- The Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Medical Center, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan; Tzu Chi University College of Medicine, Hualien, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|