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Lebedeva NA, Anarbaev RO, Maltseva EA, Sukhanova MV, Rechkunova NI, Lavrik OI. DNA Repair Protein XRCC1 Stimulates Activity of DNA Polymerase λ under Conditions of Microphase Separation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6927. [PMID: 39000034 PMCID: PMC11241748 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-membrane compartments or biomolecular condensates play an important role in the regulation of cellular processes including DNA repair. Here, an ability of XRCC1, a scaffold protein involved in DNA base excision repair (BER) and single-strand break repair, to form protein-rich microphases in the presence of DNA duplexes was discovered. We also showed that the gap-filling activity of BER-related DNA polymerase λ (Pol λ) is significantly increased by the presence of XRCC1. The stimulation of the Pol λ activity was observed only at micromolar XRCC1 concentrations, which were well above the nanomolar dissociation constant determined for the XRCC1-Pol λ complex and pointed to the presence of an auxiliary stimulatory factor in addition to protein-protein interactions. Indeed, according to dynamic light scattering measurements, the stimulation of the Pol λ activity by XRCC1 was coupled with microphase separation in a protein-DNA mixture. Fluorescence microscopy revealed colocalization of Pol λ, XRCC1, and gapped DNA within the microphases. Thus, stimulation of Pol λ activity is caused both by its interaction with XRCC1 and by specific conditions of microphase separation; this phenomenon is shown for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Olga I. Lavrik
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine (ICBFM), Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (N.A.L.); (R.O.A.); (E.A.M.); (M.V.S.); (N.I.R.)
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2
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Moor NA, Vasil'eva IA, Lavrik OI. Human DNA ligases I and IIIα as determinants of accuracy and efficiency of base excision DNA repair. Biochimie 2024; 219:84-95. [PMID: 37573020 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian Base Excision Repair (BER) DNA ligases I and IIIα (LigI, LigIIIα) are major determinants of DNA repair fidelity, alongside with DNA polymerases. Here we compared activities of human LigI and LigIIIα on specific and nonspecific substrates representing intermediates of distinct BER sub-pathways. The enzymes differently discriminate mismatches in the nicked DNA, depending on their identity and position, but are both more selective against the 3'-end non-complementarity. LigIIIα is less active than LigI in premature ligation of one-nucleotide gapped DNA and more efficiently discriminates misinsertion products of DNA polymerase β-catalyzed gap filling, that reinforces a leading role of LigIIIα in the accuracy of short-patch BER. LigI and LigIIIα reseal the intermediate of long-patch BER containing an incised synthetic AP site (F) with different efficiencies, depending on the DNA sequence context, 3'-end mismatch presence and coupling of the ligation reaction with DNA repair synthesis. Processing of this intermediate in the absence of flap endonuclease 1 generates non-canonical DNAs with bulged F site, which are very inefficiently repaired by AP endonuclease 1 and represent potential mutagenic repair products. The extent of conversion of the 5'-adenylated intermediates of specific and nonspecific substrates is revealed to depend on the DNA sequence context; a higher sensitivity of LigI to the sequence is in line with the enzyme structural feature of DNA binding. LigIIIα exceeds LigI in generation of potential abortive ligation products, justifying importance of XRCC1-mediated coordination of LigIIIα and aprataxin activities for the efficient DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina A Moor
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Inna A Vasil'eva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Olga I Lavrik
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.
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3
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Almohdar D, Gulkis M, Ortiz A, Tang Q, Sobol RW, Çağlayan M. Impact of polβ/XRCC1 Interaction Variants on the Efficiency of Nick Sealing by DNA Ligase IIIα in the Base Excision Repair Pathway. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168410. [PMID: 38135179 PMCID: PMC11090158 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Base excision repair (BER) requires a coordination from gap filling by DNA polymerase (pol) β to subsequent nick sealing by DNA ligase (LIG) IIIα at downstream steps of the repair pathway. X-ray cross-complementing protein 1 (XRCC1), a non-enzymatic scaffolding protein, forms repair complexes with polβ and LIGIIIα. Yet, the impact of the polβ mutations that affect XRCC1 interaction and protein stability on the repair pathway coordination during nick sealing by LIGIIIα remains unknown. Our results show that the polβ colon cancer-associated variant T304 exhibits a reduced interaction with XRCC1 and the mutations in the interaction interface of V303 loop (L301R/V303R/V306R) and at the lysine residues (K206A/K244A) that prevent ubiquitin-mediated degradation of the protein exhibit a diminished repair protein complex formation with XRCC1. Furthermore, we demonstrate no significant effect on gap and nick DNA binding affinity of wild-type polβ by these mutations. Finally, our results reveal that XRCC1 leads to an efficient channeling of nick repair products after nucleotide incorporation by polβ variants to LIGIIIα, which is compromised by the L301R/V303R/V306R and K206A/K244A mutations. Overall, our findings provide insight into how the mutations in the polβ/XRCC1 interface and the regions affecting protein stability could dictate accurate BER pathway coordination at the downstream steps involving nick sealing by LIGIIIα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danah Almohdar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Mitchell Gulkis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Abigail Ortiz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Qun Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Robert W Sobol
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School & Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Melike Çağlayan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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4
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Kim M, Jang HJ, Baek SY, Choi KJ, Han DH, Sung JS. Regulation of base excision repair during adipogenesis and osteogenesis of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16384. [PMID: 37773206 PMCID: PMC10542337 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43737-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) can differentiate into various lineages, such as chondrocytes, adipocytes, osteoblasts, and neuronal lineages. It has been shown that the high-efficiency DNA-repair capacity of hMSCs is decreased during their differentiation. However, the underlying its mechanism during adipogenesis and osteogenesis is unknown. Herein, we investigated how alkyl-damage repair is modulated during adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation, especially focusing on the base excision repair (BER) pathway. Response to an alkylation agent was assessed via quantification of the double-strand break (DSB) foci and activities of BER-related enzymes during differentiation in hMSCs. Adipocytes showed high resistance against methyl methanesulfonate (MMS)-induced alkyl damage, whereas osteoblasts were more sensitive than hMSCs. During the differentiation, activities, and protein levels of uracil-DNA glycosylase were found to be regulated. In addition, ligation-related proteins, such as X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 1 (XRCC1) and DNA polymerase β, were upregulated in adipocytes, whereas their levels and recruitment declined during osteogenesis. These modulations of BER enzyme activity during differentiation influenced DNA repair efficiency and the accumulation of DSBs as repair intermediates in the nucleus. Taken together, we suggest that BER enzymatic activity is regulated in adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation and these alterations in the BER pathway led to different responses to alkyl damage from those in hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kim
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Biomedi Campus, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Jang
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Biomedi Campus, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Song-Yi Baek
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Biomedi Campus, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Jin Choi
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Biomedi Campus, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hee Han
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Biomedi Campus, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Suk Sung
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Biomedi Campus, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea.
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Jain A, Casanova D, Padilla AV, Paniagua Bojorges A, Kotla S, Ko KA, Samanthapudi VSK, Chau K, Nguyen MTH, Wen J, Hernandez Gonzalez SL, Rodgers SP, Olmsted-Davis EA, Hamilton DJ, Reyes-Gibby C, Yeung SCJ, Cooke JP, Herrmann J, Chini EN, Xu X, Yusuf SW, Yoshimoto M, Lorenzi PL, Hobbs B, Krishnan S, Koutroumpakis E, Palaskas NL, Wang G, Deswal A, Lin SH, Abe JI, Le NT. Premature senescence and cardiovascular disease following cancer treatments: mechanistic insights. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1212174. [PMID: 37781317 PMCID: PMC10540075 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1212174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, especially among the aging population. The "response-to-injury" model proposed by Dr. Russell Ross in 1999 emphasizes inflammation as a critical factor in atherosclerosis development, with atherosclerotic plaques forming due to endothelial cell (EC) injury, followed by myeloid cell adhesion and invasion into the blood vessel walls. Recent evidence indicates that cancer and its treatments can lead to long-term complications, including CVD. Cellular senescence, a hallmark of aging, is implicated in CVD pathogenesis, particularly in cancer survivors. However, the precise mechanisms linking premature senescence to CVD in cancer survivors remain poorly understood. This article aims to provide mechanistic insights into this association and propose future directions to better comprehend this complex interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashita Jain
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Diego Casanova
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | | | - Sivareddy Kotla
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kyung Ae Ko
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Khanh Chau
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Minh T. H. Nguyen
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jake Wen
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Shaefali P. Rodgers
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Dale J. Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Cielito Reyes-Gibby
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sai-Ching J. Yeung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - John P. Cooke
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Joerg Herrmann
- Cardio Oncology Clinic, Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Eduardo N. Chini
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Xiaolei Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Syed Wamique Yusuf
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Momoko Yoshimoto
- Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Philip L. Lorenzi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Division of VP Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Brain Hobbs
- Department of Population Health, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Sunil Krishnan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Efstratios Koutroumpakis
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nicolas L. Palaskas
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Guangyu Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Anita Deswal
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Steven H. Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jun-ichi Abe
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nhat-Tu Le
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
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6
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Flickinger KM, Wilson KM, Rossiter NJ, Hunger AL, Lee TD, Hall MD, Cantor JR. Conditional lethality profiling reveals anticancer mechanisms of action and drug-nutrient interactions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.04.543621. [PMID: 37333068 PMCID: PMC10274668 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.04.543621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Chemical screening studies have identified drug sensitivities across hundreds of cancer cell lines but most putative therapeutics fail to translate. Discovery and development of drug candidates in models that more accurately reflect nutrient availability in human biofluids may help in addressing this major challenge. Here we performed high-throughput screens in conventional versus Human Plasma-Like Medium (HPLM). Sets of conditional anticancer compounds span phases of clinical development and include non-oncology drugs. Among these, we characterize a unique dual-mechanism of action for brivudine, an agent otherwise approved for antiviral treatment. Using an integrative approach, we find that brivudine affects two independent targets in folate metabolism. We also traced conditional phenotypes for several drugs to the availability of nucleotide salvage pathway substrates and verified others for compounds that seemingly elicit off-target anticancer effects. Our findings establish generalizable strategies for exploiting conditional lethality in HPLM to reveal therapeutic candidates and mechanisms of action.
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7
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Zhao ML, Stefanick DF, Nadalutti CA, Beard WA, Wilson SH, Horton JK. Temporal recruitment of base excision DNA repair factors in living cells in response to different micro-irradiation DNA damage protocols. DNA Repair (Amst) 2023; 126:103486. [PMID: 37028218 PMCID: PMC10133186 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2023.103486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Laser micro-irradiation across the nucleus rapidly generates localized chromatin-associated DNA lesions permitting analysis of repair protein recruitment in living cells. Recruitment of three fluorescently-tagged base excision repair factors [DNA polymerase β (pol β), XRCC1 and PARP1], known to interact with one another, was compared in gene-deleted mouse embryonic fibroblasts and in those expressing the endogenous factor. A low energy micro-irradiation (LEMI) forming direct single-strand breaks and a moderate energy (MEMI) protocol that additionally creates oxidized bases were compared. Quantitative characterization of repair factor recruitment and sensitivity to clinical PARP inhibitors (PARPi) was dependent on the micro-irradiation protocol. PARP1 recruitment was biphasic and generally occurred prior to pol β and XRCC1. After LEMI, but not after MEMI, pol β and XRCC1 recruitment was abolished by the PARPi veliparib. Consistent with this, pol β and XRCC1 recruitment following LEMI was considerably slower in PARP1-deficient cells. Surprisingly, the recruitment half-times and amplitudes for pol β were less affected by PARPi than were XRCC1 after MEMI suggesting there is a XRCC1-independent component for pol β recruitment. After LEMI, but not MEMI, pol β dissociation was more rapid than that of XRCC1. Unexpectedly, PARP1 dissociation was slowed in the absence of XRCC1 as well with a PARPi after LEMI but not MEMI, suggesting that XRCC1 facilitates PARP1 dissociation from specific DNA lesions. XRCC1-deficient cells showed pronounced hypersensitivity to the PARPi talazoparib correlating with its known cytotoxic PARP1 trapping activity. In contrast to DNA methylating agents, PARPi only minimally sensitized pol β and XRCC1-deficient cells to oxidative DNA damage suggesting differential binding of PARP1 to alternate repair intermediates. In summary, pol β, XRCC1, and PARP1 display recruitment kinetics that exhibit correlated and unique properties that depend on the DNA lesion and PARP activity revealing that there are multiple avenues utilized in the repair of chromatin-associated DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Lang Zhao
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Donna F Stefanick
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Cristina A Nadalutti
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - William A Beard
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Samuel H Wilson
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Julie K Horton
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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8
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Eremeeva KV, Svistushkin VM, Sinkov EV, Mironova AR, Sobolev VP. [Possibilities of using recombinant human deoxyribonuclease I in otorhinolaryngology]. Vestn Otorinolaringol 2023; 88:59-66. [PMID: 37184556 DOI: 10.17116/otorino20228802159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
ANNOTATION Dornase alfa (Pulmozyme, Tigerase) is a purified solution of recombinant human DNase, clinically developed for the treatment of pulmonary diseases in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The action of the drug is aimed at destroying the viscous secretion, rich in DNA strands of neutrophils, through their fragmentation, the density of the secretion decreases, and the aeration of the lower respiratory tract improves. The similarity of pathological processes with the formation of viscous exudate on the surface of the mucous membrane in diseases of the upper respiratory tract and ear initiated studies on the use of Dornase alpha in otorhinolaryngology. MATERIAL AND METHODS The analysis of materials of domestic and foreign authors on the effectiveness of the use of the drug Dornase alfa in otorhinolaryngology was carried out. RESULTS The review included 132 patients (10 studies) in whom Dornase alfa was used to treat CF-associated nasal and paranasal sinus diseases. Analysis of the literature revealed only 3 studies, one of which consisted of two parts, examining the effect of Dornase alpha on middle ear exudate: two studies were demonstrated in an animal model; one - in vitro on samples of middle ear effusion which were aspirated through a myringotomy incision from patients with recurrent acute otitis media; and one in clinical 40 patients (40 ears) for hydrolysis of exudate in the tympanostomy tubes. CONCLUSION Analysis of studies on the use of Dornase alfa demonstrates an improvement in clinical symptoms in all patients with CF and chronic rhinosinusitis. In experimental studies on an animal model, as well as in vitro research on exudate from the middle ear, Dornase alfa has demonstrated high efficacy and safety. Dornase alfa is a drug with high potential, further research is needed for wider use in ENT practice, especially in otiatrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Eremeeva
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - V M Svistushkin
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - E V Sinkov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - A R Mironova
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - V P Sobolev
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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9
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Zheng W, Zeng Z, Lin S, Hou P. Revisiting potential value of antitumor drugs in the treatment of COVID-19. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:165. [PMID: 36182930 PMCID: PMC9526459 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00899-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Since an outbreak started in China in 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly become a worldwide epidemic with high contagiousness and caused mass mortalities of infected cases around the world. Currently, available treatments for COVID-19, including supportive care, respiratory support and antiviral therapy, have shown limited efficacy. Thus, more effective therapeutic modalities are highly warranted. Drug repurposing, as an efficient strategy to explore a potential broader scope of the application of approved drugs beyond their original indications, accelerates the process of discovering safe and effective agents for a given disease. Since the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic, drug repurposing strategy has been widely used to discover potential antiviral agents, and some of these drugs have advanced into clinical trials. Antitumor drugs compromise a vast variety of compounds and exhibit extensive mechanism of action, showing promising properties in drug repurposing. In this review, we revisit the potential value of antitumor drugs in the treatment of COVID-19 and systematically discuss their possible underlying mechanisms of the antiviral actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfang Zheng
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zekun Zeng
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shumei Lin
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061 People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Hou
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061 People’s Republic of China ,grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061 People’s Republic of China
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10
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Yang M, Wang C, Zhou M, Bao L, Wang Y, Kumar A, Xing C, Luo W, Wang Y. KDM6B promotes PARthanatos via suppression of O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase repair and sustained checkpoint response. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:6313-6331. [PMID: 35648484 PMCID: PMC9226499 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is a DNA damage sensor and contributes to both DNA repair and cell death processes. However, how PARP-1 signaling is regulated to switch its function from DNA repair to cell death remains largely unknown. Here, we found that PARP-1 plays a central role in alkylating agent-induced PARthanatic cancer cell death. Lysine demethylase 6B (KDM6B) was identified as a key regulator of PARthanatos. Loss of KDM6B protein or its demethylase activity conferred cancer cell resistance to PARthanatic cell death in response to alkylating agents. Mechanistically, KDM6B knockout suppressed methylation at the promoter of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) to enhance MGMT expression and its direct DNA repair function, thereby inhibiting DNA damage-evoked PARP-1 hyperactivation and subsequent cell death. Moreover, KDM6B knockout triggered sustained Chk1 phosphorylation and activated a second XRCC1-dependent repair machinery to fix DNA damage evading from MGMT repair. Inhibition of MGMT or checkpoint response re-sensitized KDM6B deficient cells to PARthanatos induced by alkylating agents. These findings provide new molecular insights into epigenetic regulation of PARP-1 signaling mediating DNA repair or cell death and identify KDM6B as a biomarker for prediction of cancer cell vulnerability to alkylating agent treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Yang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Chenliang Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Mi Zhou
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lei Bao
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Chao Xing
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Weibo Luo
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yingfei Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Peter O'Donnell Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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11
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Wright GM, Gassman NR. Glucose Increases STAT3 Activation, Promoting Sustained XRCC1 Expression and Increasing DNA Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084314. [PMID: 35457130 PMCID: PMC9029887 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of DNA repair is a hallmark of cancer, though few cancer-specific mechanisms that drive the overexpression of DNA repair proteins are known. We previously identified STAT3 as a novel transcriptional regulator of X-ray cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1), an essential scaffold protein in base excision repair in triple-negative breast cancers. We also identified an inducible response to IL-6 and epidermal growth factor stimulation in the non-tumorigenic embryonic kidney cell line HEK293T. As IL-6 and EGF signaling are growth and inflammatory-inducible responses, we examined if glucose challenge can increase STAT3 activation, promoting adaptive changes in XRCC1 expression in different cell types. Acute high glucose exposure promoted XRCC1 expression through STAT3 activation, increasing the repair of methyl methanesulfonate-induced DNA damage in HEK293T cells and the osteosarcoma cell line U2OS. Sustained exposure to high glucose promoted the overexpression of XRCC1, which can be reversed upon glucose restriction and down-regulation of STAT3 activation. Thus, we have identified a novel link between XRCC1 expression and STAT3 activation following exogenous exposures, which could play a critical role in dictating a cancer cell’s response to DNA-damaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Griffin M. Wright
- College of Medicine Depart of Physiology & Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA;
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36607, USA
| | - Natalie R. Gassman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Correspondence:
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Kim JY, Bahar E, Lee JY, Chang S, Kim SH, Park EY, Do SI, Yoon H, Kim HS. ARL6IP5 reduces cisplatin-resistance by suppressing DNA repair and promoting apoptosis pathways in ovarian carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:239. [PMID: 35293383 PMCID: PMC8924236 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04568-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian carcinoma (OC) is the most lethal gynecological malignancy due to frequent recurrence resulting from cisplatin-resistance. ARL6IP5 is a novel gene implicated to suppress cisplatin-resistance by activating apoptosis and inhibiting DNA repair through XRCC1 and PARP1. We investigated the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of the immunohistochemical ARL6IP5 expression on 79 post-chemotherapy OC patient tissue samples; in vitro, the effect of ARL6IP5 overexpression (OE) and knockdown (KD) on cancer hallmark functions and the effect of ARL6IP5 on the expression of DNA repair and apoptosis-related proteins were observed in OC cells and their cisplatin-resistant (CisR) counterparts. ARL6IP5 expression was significantly associated with chemotherapeutic response and was an independent prognosticator of progression-free and overall survival of high-grade serous OC patients. ARL6IP5-OE decreased cellular proliferation, invasion, migration, adhesion, and increased apoptosis (p < 0.05); the opposite was observed for ARL6IP5-KD. Notably, ARL6IP5-OE reduced cisplatin-resistance of both OC and CisR OC cells, while ARL6IP5-KD increased cisplatin-resistance (p < 0.05). ARL6IP5-OE suppressed the expressions of DNA repair proteins and increased those of pro-apoptotic proteins; the opposite was observed for ARL6IP5-KD. The recombinant ARL6IP5 protein (rARL6IP5) had the greatest apoptotic effect among cisplatin and olaparib, in both OC and CisR OC cells; moreover, rARL6IP5 was the only single agent in CisR OC cells to retain higher apoptotic efficacy compared with control (p < 0.05), indicating that the apoptotic pathway influenced by rARL6IP5 remained effective in CisR OC cells compared to cisplatin and olaparib. In conclusion, we demonstrated that ARL6IP5 is an independent prognosticator of OC patients with cellular functions of a tumor-suppressor, possibly influencing the development of cisplatin-resistance and progression of OC cells through regulation of DNA repair and apoptosis. rARL6IP5 had significantly greater apoptotic efficacy compared to conventional chemotherapeutic agents in both OC and CisR OC cells, suggesting that ARL6IP5 may be a valuable novel chemotherapeutic against CisR OC.
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Hirota K, Ooka M, Shimizu N, Yamada K, Tsuda M, Ibrahim MA, Yamada S, Sasanuma H, Masutani M, Takeda S. XRCC1 counteracts PARP poisons, Olaparib and Talazoparib, and a clinical alkylating agent, Temozolomide, by promoting the removal of trapped PARP1 from broken DNA. Genes Cells 2022; 27:331-344. [PMID: 35194903 PMCID: PMC9310723 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Base excision repair (BER) removes damaged bases by generating single‐strand breaks (SSBs), gap‐filling by DNA polymerase β (POLβ), and resealing SSBs. A base‐damaging agent, methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) is widely used to study BER. BER increases cellular tolerance to MMS, anti‐cancer base‐damaging drugs, temozolomide, carmustine, and lomustine, and to clinical poly(ADP ribose)polymerase (PARP) poisons, olaparib and talazoparib. The poisons stabilize PARP1/SSB complexes, inhibiting access of BER factors to SSBs. PARP1 and XRCC1 collaboratively promote SSB resealing by recruiting POLβ to SSBs, but XRCC1−/− cells are much more sensitive to MMS than PARP1−/− cells. We recently report that the PARP1 loss in XRCC1−/− cells restores their MMS tolerance and conclude that XPCC1 facilitates the release of PARP1 from SSBs by maintaining its autoPARylation. We here show that the PARP1 loss in XRCC1−/− cells also restores their tolerance to the three anti‐cancer base‐damaging drugs, although they and MMS induce different sets of base damage. We reveal the synthetic lethality of the XRCC1−/− mutation, but not POLβ−/−, with olaparib and talazoparib, indicating that XRCC1 is a unique BER factor in suppressing toxic PARP1/SSB complex and can suppress even when PARP1 catalysis is inhibited. In conclusion, XRCC1 suppresses the PARP1/SSB complex via PARP1 catalysis‐dependent and independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouji Hirota
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate school of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Osawa, Hachioji- shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Ooka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate school of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Osawa, Hachioji- shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Shimizu
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kousei Yamada
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masataka Tsuda
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mahmoud Abdelghany Ibrahim
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shintaro Yamada
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sasanuma
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Masutani
- Department of Molecular and Genomic Biomedicine, CBMM, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shunichi Takeda
- Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Barros CCDS, Freitas RDA, Miguel MCDC, Dantas da Silveira ÉJ. DNA damage through oxidative stress is an important event in oral leukoplakia. Arch Oral Biol 2022; 135:105359. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Zheng Y, Zhang H, Guo Y, Chen Y, Chen H, Liu Y. X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 1 (XRCC1) loss promotes β-lapachone -induced apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:1234. [PMID: 34789190 PMCID: PMC8600733 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08979-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background β-lapachone (β-lap), the NQO1 bioactivatable drug, is thought to be a promising anticancer agent. However, the toxic side effects of β-lap limit the drug use, highlighting the need for a thorough understanding of β-lap’s mechanism of action. β-lap undergoes NQO1-dependent futile redox cycling, generating massive ROS and oxidative DNA lesions, leading to cell death. Thus, base excision repair (BER) pathway is an important resistance factor. XRCC1, a scaffolding component, plays a critical role in BER. Methods We knocked down XRCC1 expression by using pLVX-shXRCC1 in the MiaPaCa2 cells and BxPC3 cells and evaluated β-lap-induced DNA lesions by γH2AX foci formation and alkaline comet assay. The cell death induced by XRCC1 knockdown + β-lap treatment was analysed by relative survival, flow cytometry and Western blotting analysis. Results We found that knockdown of XRCC1 significantly increased β-lap-induced DNA double-strand breaks, comet tail lengths and cell death in PDA cells. Furthermore, we observed combining XRCC1 knockdown with β-lap treatment switched programmed necrosis with β-lap monotherapy to caspase-dependent apoptosis. Conclusions These results indicate that XRCC1 is involved in the repair of β-lap-induced DNA damage, and XRCC1 loss amplifies sensitivity to β-lap, suggesting targeting key components in BER pathways may have the potential to expand use and efficacy of β-lap for gene-based therapy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08979-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansong Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Hengce Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University/School of Basic Medical Science, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, 350122, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yueting Guo
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University/School of Basic Medical Science, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, 350122, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University/School of Basic Medical Science, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, 350122, Fujian Province, China
| | - Hanglong Chen
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou City, 350122, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yingchun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University/School of Basic Medical Science, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, 350122, Fujian Province, China.
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16
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Ghaderi-Zefrehi H, Rezaei M, Sadeghi F, Heiat M. Genetic polymorphisms in DNA repair genes and hepatocellular carcinoma risk. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 107:103196. [PMID: 34416543 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent types of tumors worldwide. Its occurrence and development have been related to various risk factors, such as chronic infection with hepatitis B or C viruses and alcohol addiction. DNA repair systems play a critical role in maintaining the integrity of the genome. Defects in these systems have been related to increased susceptibility to various types of cancer. Multiple genetic polymorphisms in genes of DNA repair systems have been reported that may affect DNA repair capacity (DRC) and modulate risk to cancer. Several studies have been conducted to assess the role of polymorphisms of DNA repair genes on the HCC risk. Identifying these polymorphisms and their association with HCC risk may help to improve prevention and treatment strategies. In this study, we review investigations that evaluated the association between genetic polymorphisms of DNA repair genes and risk of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Ghaderi-Zefrehi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Rezaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Farzin Sadeghi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mohammad Heiat
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Roque CR, Sampaio LR, Ito MN, Pinto DV, Caminha JSR, Nunes PIG, Raposo RS, Santos FA, Windmöller CC, Crespo-Lopez ME, Alvarez-Leite JI, Oriá RB, Pinheiro RF. Methylmercury chronic exposure affects the expression of DNA single-strand break repair genes, induces oxidative stress, and chromosomal abnormalities in young dyslipidemic APOE knockout mice. Toxicology 2021; 464:152992. [PMID: 34670124 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is one of the most toxic environmental pollutants, especially when methylated, forming methylmercury (MeHg). MeHg affects DNA repair, increases oxidative stress, and predisposes to cancer. MeHg neurotoxicity is well-known, but recently MeHg-associated cardiovascular effects were recognized. This study evaluated circulating lipids, oxidative stress, and genotoxicity after MeHg-chronic exposure (20 mg/L in drinking water) in C57BL/6J wild-type and APOE knockout (ko) mice, the latter, being spontaneously dyslipidemic. Experimental mice were assigned to four groups: non-intoxicated and MeHg-intoxicated wild-type mice and non-intoxicated and MeHg-intoxicated APOE ko mice. Plasma levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol (TC), HDL, and LDL were analyzed. Liver lipid peroxidation and splenic gene expression of xeroderma pigmentosum complementation groups A, C, D, and G (XPA, XPC, XPD, and XPG), X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 1 (XRCC1), and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) were measured. Fur Hg levels confirmed chronic MeHg intoxication. MeHg exposure raises TC levels both in wild-type and APOE ko mice. HDL and LDL-cholesterol levels were increased only in the MeHg-challenged APOE ko mice. MeHg increased liver lipid peroxidation, regardless of the genetic background. Unintoxicated APOE ko mice showed higher expression of TERT than all other groups. APOE deficiency increases XPA expression, regardless of MeHg intoxication. Furthermore, MeHg-intoxicated mice had more cytogenetic abnormalities, effect which was independent of APOE deficiency. More studies are needed to dissect the interactions between circulating lipids, MeHg intoxication, and DNA-repair pathways even at young age, interactions that likely play critical roles in cell senescence and the risk for chronic disorders later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cássia R Roque
- Laboratory of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology and Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Letícia R Sampaio
- Cancer Cytogenomics Laboratory, Drug Research, and Development Center, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Mayumi N Ito
- Cancer Cytogenomics Laboratory, Drug Research, and Development Center, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Daniel V Pinto
- Laboratory of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology and Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Juan S R Caminha
- Laboratory of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology and Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Paulo I G Nunes
- Natural Products Laboratory, Biomedicine Center, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ramon S Raposo
- Experimental Biology core, Health Sciences, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Flávia A Santos
- Natural Products Laboratory, Biomedicine Center, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Cláudia C Windmöller
- Laboratory of Atherosclerosis and Nutritional Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, ICB, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Elena Crespo-Lopez
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline I Alvarez-Leite
- Laboratory of Atherosclerosis and Nutritional Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, ICB, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo B Oriá
- Laboratory of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology and Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Ronald F Pinheiro
- Cancer Cytogenomics Laboratory, Drug Research, and Development Center, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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18
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Ge J, Ngo LP, Kaushal S, Tay IJ, Thadhani E, Kay JE, Mazzucato P, Chow DN, Fessler JL, Weingeist DM, Sobol RW, Samson LD, Floyd SR, Engelward BP. CometChip enables parallel analysis of multiple DNA repair activities. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 106:103176. [PMID: 34365116 PMCID: PMC8439179 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage can be cytotoxic and mutagenic, and it is directly linked to aging, cancer, and other diseases. To counteract the deleterious effects of DNA damage, cells have evolved highly conserved DNA repair pathways. Many commonly used DNA repair assays are relatively low throughput and are limited to analysis of one protein or one pathway. Here, we have explored the capacity of the CometChip platform for parallel analysis of multiple DNA repair activities. Taking advantage of the versatility of the traditional comet assay and leveraging micropatterning techniques, the CometChip platform offers increased throughput and sensitivity compared to the traditional comet assay. By exposing cells to DNA damaging agents that create substrates of Base Excision Repair, Nucleotide Excision Repair, and Non-Homologous End Joining, we show that the CometChip is an effective method for assessing repair deficiencies in all three pathways. With these applications of the CometChip platform, we expand the utility of the comet assay for precise, high-throughput, parallel analysis of multiple DNA repair activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ge
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Le P Ngo
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Simran Kaushal
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Ian J Tay
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Elina Thadhani
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Jennifer E Kay
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Patrizia Mazzucato
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Danielle N Chow
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Jessica L Fessler
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - David M Weingeist
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Robert W Sobol
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, United States; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Leona D Samson
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Scott R Floyd
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27514, United States
| | - Bevin P Engelward
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States.
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Tsuda M, Shimizu N, Tomikawa H, Morozumi R, Ide H. Repair pathways for radiation DNA damage under normoxic and hypoxic conditions: Assessment with a panel of repair-deficient human TK6 cells. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2021:rrab084. [PMID: 34562004 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrab084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Various types of DNA lesions are produced when cells are exposed to ionizing radiation (IR). The type and yield of IR-induced DNA damage is influenced by the oxygen concentration. Thus, different DNA repair mechanisms may be involved in the response of normoxic and hypoxic cells to irradiation with IR. However, differences between the repair mechanisms of IR-induced DNA damage under normoxic versus hypoxic conditions have not been clarified. Elucidating the relative contribution of individual repair factors to cell survival would give insight into the repair mechanisms operating in irradiated normoxic and hypoxic cells. In the present study, we used a panel of repair-deficient human TK6 cell lines that covered seven repair pathways. Cells were irradiated with X-rays under normoxic and hypoxic conditions, and the sensitivities of each mutant relative to the wild-type (i.e. relative sensitivity) were determined for normoxic and hypoxic conditions. The sensitivity of cells varied depending on the type of repair defects. However, for each repair mutant, the relative sensitivity under normoxic conditions was comparable to that under hypoxic conditions. This result indicates that the relative contribution of individual repair pathways to cell survival is comparable in normoxic and hypoxic cells, although the spectrum of IR-induced DNA damage in hypoxic cells differs from that of normoxic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Tsuda
- Program of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Naoto Shimizu
- Program of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Hinako Tomikawa
- Program of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Morozumi
- Program of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ide
- Program of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
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Peraza-Vega RI, Valverde M, Rojas E. miR-27b-3p a Negative Regulator of DSB-DNA Repair. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1333. [PMID: 34573315 PMCID: PMC8471791 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the regulation of DNA repair mechanisms is of utmost importance to identify altered cellular processes that lead to diseases such as cancer through genomic instability. In this sense, miRNAs have shown a crucial role. Specifically, miR-27b-3 biogenesis has been shown to be induced in response to DNA damage, suggesting that this microRNA has a role in DNA repair. In this work, we show that the overexpression of miR-27b-3p reduces the ability of cells to repair DNA lesions, mainly double-stranded breaks (DSB), and causes the deregulation of genes involved in homologous recombination repair (HRR), base excision repair (BER), and the cell cycle. DNA damage was induced in BALB/c-3T3 cells, which overexpress miR-27b-3p, using xenobiotic agents with specific mechanisms of action that challenge different repair mechanisms to determine their reparative capacity. In addition, we evaluated the expression of 84 DNA damage signaling and repair genes and performed pathway enrichment analysis to identify altered cellular processes. Taken together, our results indicate that miR-27b-3p acts as a negative regulator of DNA repair when overexpressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emilio Rojas
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (R.I.P.-V.); (M.V.)
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21
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The scaffold protein XRCC1 stabilizes the formation of polβ/gap DNA and ligase IIIα/nick DNA complexes in base excision repair. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101025. [PMID: 34339737 PMCID: PMC8405949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The base excision repair (BER) pathway involves gap filling by DNA polymerase (pol) β and subsequent nick sealing by ligase IIIα. X-ray cross-complementing protein 1 (XRCC1), a nonenzymatic scaffold protein, assembles multiprotein complexes, although the mechanism by which XRCC1 orchestrates the final steps of coordinated BER remains incompletely defined. Here, using a combination of biochemical and biophysical approaches, we revealed that the polβ/XRCC1 complex increases the processivity of BER reactions after correct nucleotide insertion into gaps in DNA and enhances the handoff of nicked repair products to the final ligation step. Moreover, the mutagenic ligation of nicked repair intermediate following polβ 8-oxodGTP insertion is enhanced in the presence of XRCC1. Our results demonstrated a stabilizing effect of XRCC1 on the formation of polβ/dNTP/gap DNA and ligase IIIα/ATP/nick DNA catalytic ternary complexes. Real-time monitoring of protein–protein interactions and DNA-binding kinetics showed stronger binding of XRCC1 to polβ than to ligase IIIα or aprataxin, and higher affinity for nick DNA with undamaged or damaged ends than for one nucleotide gap repair intermediate. Finally, we demonstrated slight differences in stable polβ/XRCC1 complex formation, polβ and ligase IIIα protein interaction kinetics, and handoff process as a result of cancer-associated (P161L, R194W, R280H, R399Q, Y576S) and cerebellar ataxia-related (K431N) XRCC1 variants. Overall, our findings provide novel insights into the coordinating role of XRCC1 and the effect of its disease-associated variants on substrate-product channeling in multiprotein/DNA complexes for efficient BER.
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22
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Karwowski BT. (5' S) 5',8-Cyclo-2'-Deoxyadenosine Cannot Stop BER. Clustered DNA Lesion Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115934. [PMID: 34072994 PMCID: PMC8199134 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As a result of external and endocellular physical-chemical factors, every day approximately ~105 DNA lesions might be formed in each human cell. During evolution, living organisms have developed numerous repair systems, of which Base Excision Repair (BER) is the most common. 5′,8-cyclo-2′-deoxyadenosine (cdA) is a tandem lesion that is removed by the Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) mechanism. Previously, it was assumed that BER machinery was not able to remove (5′S)cdA from the genome. In this study; however, it has been demonstrated that, if (5′S)cdA is a part of a single-stranded clustered DNA lesion, it can be removed from ds-DNA by BER. The above is theoretically possible in two cases: (A) When, during repair, clustered lesions form Okazaki-like fragments; or (B) when the (5′S)cdA moiety is located in the oligonucleotide strand on the 3′-end side of the adjacent DNA damage site, but not when it appears at the opposite 5′-end side. To explain this phenomenon, pure enzymes involved in BER were used (polymerase β (Polβ), a Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA), and the X-Ray Repair Cross-Complementing Protein 1 (XRCC1)), as well as the Nuclear Extract (NE) from xrs5 cells. It has been found that Polβ can effectively elongate the primer strand in the presence of XRCC1 or PCNA. Moreover, supplementation of the NE from xrs5 cells with Polβ (artificial Polβ overexpression) forced oligonucleotide repair via BER in all the discussed cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boleslaw T Karwowski
- DNA Damage Laboratory of Food Science Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
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23
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Wright G, Sonavane M, Gassman NR. Activated STAT3 Is a Novel Regulator of the XRCC1 Promoter and Selectively Increases XRCC1 Protein Levels in Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115475. [PMID: 34067421 PMCID: PMC8196947 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Base Excision Repair (BER) addresses base lesions and abasic sites induced by exogenous and endogenous stressors. X-ray cross complementing group 1 (XRCC1) functions as a scaffold protein in BER and single-strand break repair (SSBR), facilitating and coordinating repair through its interaction with a host of critical repair proteins. Alterations of XRCC1 protein and gene expression levels are observed in many cancers, including colorectal, ovarian, and breast cancer. While increases in the expression level of XRCC1 are reported, the transcription factors responsible for this up-regulation are not known. In this study, we identify the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) as a novel regulator of XRCC1 through chromatin immunoprecipitation. Activation of STAT3 through phosphorylation at Y705 by cytokine (IL-6) signaling increases the expression of XRCC1 and the occupancy of STAT3 within the XRCC1 promoter. In triple negative breast cancer, the constitutive activation of STAT3 upregulates XRCC1 gene and protein expression levels. Increased expression of XRCC1 is associated with aggressiveness and resistance to DNA damaging chemotherapeutics. Thus, we propose that activated STAT3 regulates XRCC1 under stress and growth conditions, but constitutive activation in cancers results in dysregulation of XRCC1 and subsequently BER and SSBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Griffin Wright
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, 307 N University Blvd, Mobile, AL 36688, USA; (G.W.); (M.S.)
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, 1660 Springhill Avenue, Mobile, AL 36604-1405, USA
| | - Manoj Sonavane
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, 307 N University Blvd, Mobile, AL 36688, USA; (G.W.); (M.S.)
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, 1660 Springhill Avenue, Mobile, AL 36604-1405, USA
| | - Natalie R. Gassman
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, 307 N University Blvd, Mobile, AL 36688, USA; (G.W.); (M.S.)
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, 1660 Springhill Avenue, Mobile, AL 36604-1405, USA
- Correspondence:
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24
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Gong L, Luo M, Sun R, Qiu L, Chen C, Luo Z. Significant Association Between XRCC1 Expression and Its rs25487 Polymorphism and Radiotherapy-Related Cancer Prognosis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:654784. [PMID: 34094945 PMCID: PMC8170393 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.654784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims XRCC1 (X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 1) expression and its single nucleotide polymorphism XRCC1 rs25487 (G>A) may be related to radiotherapy-related cancer prognosis or radiation-induced side effects. However, this association is controversial. We performed a bioinformatic analysis and a meta-analysis to obtain comprehensive results. Results Sixty nine articles with 10232 patients and 17 TCGA data sets with 2705 patients were included in the analysis. We observed that high XRCC1 expression was associated with an increased risk of minor treatment response and poor overall survival, XRCC1 rs25487 was associated with reduced risk of minor treatment response in esophageal cancer and an increased risk of high-grade side effects in head and neck cancer. Conclusion The results suggest that XRCC1 expression and rs25487 polymorphism are prognostic factors for patients receiving radiotherapy-related treatment. Considering the insufficient treatment parameters provided and the various sample sizes in most of the studies, we suggest that genetic association studies related to radiation-based treatment should include more cancer types with sufficient statistical power and more detailed clinical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Ming Luo
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Renhuang Sun
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Li Qiu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Chunli Chen
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Zhiguo Luo
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
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25
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Biomarkers of geno- and cytotoxicity in the native broad-snouted caiman (Caiman latirostris): Chromosomal aberrations and mitotic index. Mutat Res 2021; 867:503353. [PMID: 34266623 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2021.503353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the sensitivity of the chromosomal aberration (CA) and mitotic index (MI) assays on peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) of Caiman latirostris, following ex vivo exposure to the alkylating agent, MMS. Two concentrations of MMS were tested in cultured peripheral blood. Relative to controls, MMS exposure reduced the number of metaphases observed, but both the numbers of cells with MN and the percentages of aberrant metaphases increased. The types of CA identified were chromosome and chromatid breaks, chromosomal rearrangements, monosomies, and nullisomies, with significantly higher values in the MMS-exposed groups. The incorporation of the MI and CA tests in C. latirostris can provide information on damage caused by xenobiotic exposures.
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26
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Verma P, Zhou Y, Cao Z, Deraska PV, Deb M, Arai E, Li W, Shao Y, Puentes L, Li Y, Patankar S, Mach RH, Faryabi RB, Shi J, Greenberg RA. ALC1 links chromatin accessibility to PARP inhibitor response in homologous recombination-deficient cells. Nat Cell Biol 2021; 23:160-171. [PMID: 33462394 PMCID: PMC7880902 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-020-00624-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The response to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) is dictated by homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair and the abundance of lesions that trap PARP enzymes. It remains unclear, however, if the established role of PARP in promoting chromatin accessibility impacts viability in these settings. Using a CRISPR-based screen, we identified the PAR-binding chromatin remodeller ALC1/CHD1L as a key determinant of PARPi toxicity in HR-deficient cells. ALC1 loss reduced viability of breast cancer gene (BRCA)-mutant cells and enhanced sensitivity to PARPi by up to 250-fold, while overcoming several resistance mechanisms. ALC1 deficiency reduced chromatin accessibility concomitant with a decrease in the association of base damage repair factors. This resulted in an accumulation of replication-associated DNA damage, increased PARP trapping and a reliance on HR. These findings establish PAR-dependent chromatin remodelling as a mechanistically distinct aspect of PARPi responses and therapeutic target in HR-deficient cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Verma
- Department of Cancer Biology, Penn Center for Genome Integrity, Basser Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Yeqiao Zhou
- Departments of Pathology and Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Zhendong Cao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Peter V. Deraska
- Department of Cancer Biology, Penn Center for Genome Integrity, Basser Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Moniher Deb
- Department of Cancer Biology, Penn Center for Genome Integrity, Basser Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Eri Arai
- Department of Cancer Biology, Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Weihua Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Penn Center for Genome Integrity, Basser Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Yue Shao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Penn Center for Genome Integrity, Basser Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Laura Puentes
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Yiwen Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Penn Center for Genome Integrity, Basser Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Sonali Patankar
- Department of Cancer Biology, Penn Center for Genome Integrity, Basser Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Robert H. Mach
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Robert B. Faryabi
- Departments of Pathology and Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Junwei Shi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA,Address correspondence to: ;
| | - Roger A. Greenberg
- Department of Cancer Biology, Penn Center for Genome Integrity, Basser Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA,Address correspondence to: ;
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27
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Velo Escarcena L, Neufeld M, Rietschel M, Spanagel R, Scholz H. ERR and dPECR Suggest a Link Between Neuroprotection and the Regulation of Ethanol Consumption Preference. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:655816. [PMID: 33981260 PMCID: PMC8107284 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.655816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Reconsumption of ethanol after withdrawal is a hallmark for relapse in recovering patients with alcohol use disorders. We show that the preference of Drosophila melanogaster to reconsume ethanol after abstinence shares mechanistic similarities to human behavior by feeding the antirelapse drug acamprosate to flies and reducing the ethanol consumption preference. The Drosophila cellular stress mutant hangover also reduced ethanol consumption preference. Together with the observation that an increasing number of candidate genes identified in a genome-wide association study on alcohol use disorders are involved in the regulation of cellular stress, the results suggest that cellular stress mechanisms might regulate the level of ethanol reconsumption after abstinence. To address this, we analyzed mutants of candidate genes involved in the regulation of cellular stress for their ethanol consumption level after abstinence and cellular stress response to free radicals. Since hangover encodes a nuclear RNA-binding protein that regulates transcript levels, we analyzed the interactions of candidate genes on transcript and protein level. The behavioral analysis of the mutants, the analysis of transcript levels, and protein interactions suggested that at least two mechanisms regulate ethanol consumption preference after abstinence-a nuclear estrogen-related receptor-hangover-dependent complex and peroxisomal trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase (dPECR)-dependent component in peroxisomes. The loss of estrogen-like receptor and dPECR in neurons share a protective function against oxidative stress, suggesting that the neuroprotective function of genes might be a predictor for genes involved in the regulation of ethanol reconsumption after abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rainer Spanagel
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, CIMH, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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28
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Gorini F, Scala G, Cooke MS, Majello B, Amente S. Towards a comprehensive view of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine: Highlighting the intertwined roles of DNA damage and epigenetics in genomic instability. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 97:103027. [PMID: 33285475 PMCID: PMC7926032 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2020.103027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), a major product of DNA oxidation, is a pre-mutagenic lesion which is prone to mispair, if left unrepaired, with 2'-deoxyadenosine during DNA replication. While unrepaired or incompletely repaired 8-oxodG has classically been associated with genome instability and cancer, it has recently been reported to have a role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Despite the growing collection of genome-wide 8-oxodG mapping studies that have been used to provide new insight on the functional nature of 8-oxodG within the genome, a comprehensive view that brings together the epigenetic and the mutagenic nature of the 8-oxodG is still lacking. To help address this gap, this review aims to provide (i) a description of the state-of-the-art knowledge on both the mutagenic and epigenetic roles of 8-oxodG; (ii) putative molecular models through which the 8-oxodG can cause genome instability; (iii) a possible molecular model on how 8-oxodG, acting as an epigenetic signal, could cause the translocations and deletions which are associated with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gorini
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scala
- Department of Biology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Marcus S Cooke
- Oxidative Stress Group, Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Barbara Majello
- Department of Biology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Amente
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy.
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29
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Establishment of Acquired Cisplatin Resistance in Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines Characterized by Enriched Metastatic Properties with Increased Twist Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207613. [PMID: 33076245 PMCID: PMC7589258 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal of the gynecologic cancers, and platinum-based treatment is a part of the standard first-line chemotherapy regimen. However, rapid development of acquired cisplatin resistance remains the main cause of treatment failure, and the underlying mechanism of resistance in OC treatment remains poorly understood. Faced with this problem, our aim in this study was to generate cisplatin-resistant (CisR) OC cell models in vitro and investigate the role of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) transcription factor Twist on acquired cisplatin resistance in OC cell models. To achieve this aim, OC cell lines OV-90 and SKOV-3 were exposed to cisplatin using pulse dosing and stepwise dose escalation methods for a duration of eight months, and a total of four CisR sublines were generated, two for each cell line. The acquired cisplatin resistance was confirmed by determination of 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) and clonogenic survival assay. Furthermore, the CisR cells were studied to assess their respective characteristics of metastasis, EMT phenotype, DNA repair and endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated cell death. We found the IC50 of CisR cells to cisplatin was 3–5 times higher than parental cells. The expression of Twist and metastatic ability of CisR cells were significantly greater than those of sensitive cells. The CisR cells displayed an EMT phenotype with decreased epithelial cell marker E-cadherin and increased mesenchymal proteins N-cadherin and vimentin. We observed that CisR cells showed significantly higher expression of DNA repair proteins, X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 1 (XRCC1) and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases 1 (PARP1), with significantly reduced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated cell death. Moreover, Twist knockdown reduced metastatic ability of CisR cells by suppressing EMT, DNA repair and inducing ER stress-induced cell death. In conclusion, we highlighted the utilization of an acquired cisplatin resistance model to identify the potential role of Twist as a therapeutic target to reverse acquired cisplatin resistance in OC.
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30
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Kaur K, Kaur R. Impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the OGG1 and XRCC1 genes on modulation of DNA damage in pesticide-exposed agricultural workers in Punjab, North-West India. Biomarkers 2020; 25:498-505. [PMID: 32643432 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2020.1794040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Pesticide-induced DNA damage is primarily repaired by base excision repair (BER) pathway. However, polymorphism in DNA repair genes may modulate individual's DNA repair capacity (DRC) leading to increased genotoxicity and adverse health effects. Our first study in North-West Indian population aimed to evaluate the impact of OGG1 rs1052133 (Ser326Cys; C1245G), XRCC1 rs1799782 (Arg194Trp; C26304T) and XRCC1 rs25487 (Arg399Gln; G28152A) polymorphisms on the modulation of pesticide-induced DNA damage in a total of 450 subjects (225 pesticide-exposed agricultural workers and 225 age- and sex-matched controls). DNA damage was estimated by alkaline comet assay using silver-staining method. Genotyping was carried out by PCR-RFLP using site-specific restriction enzymes. Mann-Whitney U-test revealed elevation in DNA damage parameters (p < 0.01) in pesticide-exposed agricultural workers than controls. Chi-square test showed significant (p < 0.05) differences in the XRCC1 Arg194Trp (C26304T) and Arg399Gln (G28152A) genotypes among two groups. Multivariate logistic-regression analysis revealed that heterozygous genotypes of OGG1 rs1052133 (326Ser/Cys; 1245CA), XRCC1 rs1799782 (194Arg/Trp; 26304CT) and XRCC1 rs25487 (399Arg/Gln; 2815GA) were positively associated (p < 0.05) with elevated DNA damage parameters in pesticide-exposed agricultural workers. Our results strongly indicate significant positive association of variant OGG1 and XRCC1 genotypes with reduced DRC and higher pesticide-induced DNA damage in North-West Indian agricultural workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karashdeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Punjab, India.,Department of Medical Lab Sciences, Gulzar Group of Institutes, Punjab, India
| | - Rupinder Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Punjab, India
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31
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Distinct roles of XRCC1 in genome integrity in Xenopus egg extracts. Biochem J 2020; 476:3791-3804. [PMID: 31808793 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative DNA damage represents one of the most abundant DNA lesions. It remains unclear how DNA repair and DNA damage response (DDR) pathways are co-ordinated and regulated following oxidative stress. While XRCC1 has been implicated in DNA repair, it remains unknown how exactly oxidative DNA damage is repaired and sensed by XRCC1. In this communication, we have demonstrated evidence that XRCC1 is dispensable for ATR-Chk1 DDR pathway following oxidative stress in Xenopus egg extracts. Whereas APE2 is essential for SSB repair, XRCC1 is not required for the repair of defined SSB and gapped plasmids with a 5'-OH or 5'-P terminus, suggesting that XRCC1 and APE2 may contribute to SSB repair via different mechanisms. Neither Polymerase beta nor Polymerase alpha is important for the repair of defined SSB structure. Nonetheless, XRCC1 is important for the repair of DNA damage following oxidative stress. Our observations suggest distinct roles of XRCC1 for genome integrity in oxidative stress in Xenopus egg extracts.
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32
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Bennett L, Madders ECET, Parsons JL. HECTD1 promotes base excision repair in nucleosomes through chromatin remodelling. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:1301-1313. [PMID: 31799632 PMCID: PMC7026656 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz1129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Base excision repair (BER) is the major cellular DNA repair pathway that recognises and excises damaged DNA bases to help maintain genome stability. Whilst the major enzymes and mechanisms co-ordinating BER are well known, the process of BER in chromatin where DNA is compacted with histones, remains unclear. Using reconstituted mononucleosomes containing a site-specific synthetic abasic site (tetrahydrofuran, THF), we demonstrate that the DNA damage is less efficiently incised by recombinant AP endonuclease 1 (APE1) when the DNA backbone is facing the histone core (THF-in) compared to that orientated away (THF-out). However, when utilizing HeLa whole cell extracts, the difference in incision of THF-in versus THF-out is less pronounced suggesting the presence of chromatin remodelling factors that stimulate THF accessibility to APE1. We subsequently purified an activity from HeLa cell extracts and identify this as the E3 ubiquitin ligase, HECTD1. We demonstrate that a recombinant truncated form of HECTD1 can stimulate incision of THF-in by APE1 in vitro by histone ubiquitylation, and that siRNA-mediated depletion of HECTD1 leads to deficiencies in DNA damage repair and decreased cell survival following x-ray irradiation, particularly in normal fibroblasts. Thus, we have now identified HECTD1 as an important factor in promoting BER in chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bennett
- Cancer Research Centre, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, 200 London Road, Liverpool L3 9TA, UK
| | - Eleanor C E T Madders
- Cancer Research Centre, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, 200 London Road, Liverpool L3 9TA, UK
| | - Jason L Parsons
- Cancer Research Centre, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, 200 London Road, Liverpool L3 9TA, UK
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33
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Higuchi F, Nagashima H, Ning J, Koerner MVA, Wakimoto H, Cahill DP. Restoration of Temozolomide Sensitivity by PARP Inhibitors in Mismatch Repair Deficient Glioblastoma is Independent of Base Excision Repair. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:1690-1699. [PMID: 31900275 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Emergence of mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency is a frequent mechanism of acquired resistance to the alkylating chemotherapeutic temozolomide (TMZ) in gliomas. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) have been shown to potentiate TMZ cytotoxicity in several cancer types, including gliomas. We tested whether PARP inhibition could re-sensitize MSH6-null MMR-deficient gliomas to TMZ, and assessed the role of the base excision repair (BER) DNA damage repair pathway in PARPi-mediated effects. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Isogenic pairs of MSH6 wild-type and MSH6-inactivated human glioblastoma (GBM) cells (including both IDH1/2 wild-type and IDH1 mutant), as well as MSH6-null cells derived from a patient with recurrent GBM were treated with TMZ, the PARPi veliparib or olaparib, and combination thereof. Efficacy of PARPi combined with TMZ was assessed in vivo. We used genetic and pharmacological approaches to dissect the contribution of BER. RESULTS While having no detectable effect in MSH6 wild-type GBMs, PARPi selectively restored TMZ sensitivity in MSH6-deficient GBM cells. This genotype-specific restoration of activity translated in vivo, where combination treatment of veliparib and TMZ showed potent suppression of tumor growth of MSH6-inactivated orthotopic xenografts, compared with TMZ monotherapy. Unlike PARPi, genetic and pharmacological blockage of BER pathway did not re-sensitize MSH6-inactivated GBM cells to TMZ. Similarly, CRISPR PARP1 knockout did not re-sensitize MSH6-inactivated GBM cells to TMZ. CONCLUSIONS PARPi restoration of TMZ chemosensitivity in MSH6-inactivated glioma represents a promising strategy to overcome acquired chemoresistance caused by MMR deficiency. Mechanistically, this PARPi-mediated synthetic phenotype was independent of BER blockage and was not recapitulated by loss of PARP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumi Higuchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurosurgery, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nagashima
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jianfang Ning
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Mara V A Koerner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hiroaki Wakimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Daniel P Cahill
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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34
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Vasquez JL, Lai Y, Annamalai T, Jiang Z, Zhang M, Lei R, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Tse-Dinh YC, Agoulnik IU. Inhibition of base excision repair by natamycin suppresses prostate cancer cell proliferation. Biochimie 2020; 168:241-250. [PMID: 31756402 PMCID: PMC6926147 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) progression is characterized by increased expression and transcriptional activity of the androgen receptor (AR). In the advanced stages of prostate cancer, AR significantly upregulates the expression of genes involved in DNA repair. Upregulation of expression for base excision repair (BER) related genes is associated with poor patient survival. Thus, inhibition of the BER pathway may prove to be an effective therapy for prostate cancer. Using a high throughput BER capacity screening assay, we sought to identify BER inhibitors that can synergize with castration therapy. An FDA-approved drug library was screened to identify inhibitors of BER using a fluorescence-based assay suitable for HTS. A gel-based secondary assay confirmed the reduction of BER capacity by compounds identified in the primary screen. Five compounds were then selected for further testing in the independently derived, androgen-dependent prostate cancer cell lines, LNCaP and LAPC4, and in the nonmalignant prostate derived cell lines PNT1A and RWPE1. Further analysis led to the identification of a lead compound, natamycin, as an effective inhibitor of key BER enzymes DNA polymerase β (pol β) and DNA Ligase I (LIG I). Natamycin significantly inhibited proliferation of PCa cells in an androgen depleted environment at 1 μM concentration, however, growth inhibition did not occur with nonmalignant prostate cell lines, suggesting that BER inhibition may improve efficacy of the castration therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy L Vasquez
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Yanhao Lai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA; Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Thirunavukkarasu Annamalai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA; Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Zhongliang Jiang
- Biochemistry Ph.D. Program, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Manqi Zhang
- Biochemistry Ph.D. Program, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Ruipeng Lei
- Biochemistry Ph.D. Program, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Zunzhen Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Sichuan University West China School of Public Health, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA; Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA; Biochemistry Ph.D. Program, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
| | - Yuk-Ching Tse-Dinh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA; Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA; Biochemistry Ph.D. Program, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
| | - Irina U Agoulnik
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33199, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA; Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA; Biochemistry Ph.D. Program, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, USA.
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Lee KJ, Piett CG, Andrews JF, Mann E, Nagel ZD, Gassman NR. Defective base excision repair in the response to DNA damaging agents in triple negative breast cancer. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223725. [PMID: 31596905 PMCID: PMC6785058 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA repair defects have been increasingly focused on as therapeutic targets. In hormone-positive breast cancer, XRCC1-deficient tumors have been identified and proposed as targets for combination therapies that damage DNA and inhibit DNA repair pathways. XRCC1 is a scaffold protein that functions in base excision repair (BER) by mediating essential interactions between DNA glycosylases, AP endonuclease, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1, DNA polymerase β (POL β), and DNA ligases. Loss of XRCC1 confers BER defects and hypersensitivity to DNA damaging agents. BER defects have not been evaluated in triple negative breast cancers (TNBC), for which new therapeutic targets and therapies are needed. To evaluate the potential of XRCC1 as an indicator of BER defects in TNBC, we examined XRCC1 expression in the TCGA database and its expression and localization in TNBC cell lines. The TCGA database revealed high XRCC1 expression in TNBC tumors and TNBC cell lines show variable, but mostly high expression of XRCC1. XRCC1 localized outside of the nucleus in some TNBC cell lines, altering their ability to repair base lesions and single-strand breaks. Subcellular localization of POL β also varied and did not correlate with XRCC1 localization. Basal levels of DNA damage correlated with observed changes in XRCC1 expression, localization, and measure repair capacity. The results confirmed that XRCC1 expression changes indicate DNA repair capacity changes but emphasize that basal DNA damage levels along with protein localization are better indicators of DNA repair defects. Given the observed over-expression of XRCC1 in TNBC preclinical models and tumors, XRCC1 expression levels should be assessed when evaluating treatment responses of TNBC preclinical model cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J. Lee
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States of America
- University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, United States of America
| | - Cortt G. Piett
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Joel F. Andrews
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States of America
- University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, United States of America
| | - Elise Mann
- University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, United States of America
| | - Zachary D. Nagel
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Natalie R. Gassman
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States of America
- University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Expression deregulation of DNA repair pathway genes in gastric cancer. Cancer Genet 2019; 237:39-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Shakeri M, Zakeri F, Changizi V, Rajabpour MR, Farshidpour MR. Cytogenetic effects of radiation and genetic polymorphisms of the XRCC1 and XRCC3 repair genes in industrial radiographers. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2019; 58:247-255. [PMID: 30955049 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-019-00782-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Different types of DNA damages caused by ionizing radiation may enhance the cancer risk in exposed individuals. Inherited variations in DNA repair genes cause the inter-individual variability in response to ionizing radiation. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of two important DNA repair genes (XRCC1 R399Q and XRCC3 T241M) and the level of DNA damage investigated by micronucleus (MN) frequency in peripheral blood lymphocytes of 120 industrial radiographers (IR) and 120 non-exposed control individuals. The frequencies of MN and nucleoplasmic bridges were significantly higher in the IR group than in the control group (33.83 ± 11.96 vs. 7.47 ± 2.96, p < 0.0001 and 1.69 ± 1.86 vs. 0.12 ± 0.33, p < 0.0001). MN frequencies in the IR group were associated with the cumulative radiation doses (p < 0.0001, r = 0.58 for last 1 year of exposure and p < 0.0001, r = 0.67 for last 5 years of exposure). Polymorphism of XRCC3 T241M was associated with higher MN frequencies in the IR group. However, the same result was not observed between XRCC3 SNP and MN frequency in the control group. Consequently, XRCC3 241Met alleles may cause the increased DNA damage in the industrial radiographers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Shakeri
- Department of Technology of Radiology and Radiotherapy, Allied Medical Sciences School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Zakeri
- Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran.
- Iran Nuclear Regulatory Authority, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Vahid Changizi
- Department of Technology of Radiology and Radiotherapy, Allied Medical Sciences School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Fernandez-Vidal A, Arnaud LC, Maumus M, Chevalier M, Mirey G, Salles B, Vignard J, Boutet-Robinet E. Exposure to the Fungicide Captan Induces DNA Base Alterations and Replicative Stress in Mammalian Cells. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2019; 60:286-297. [PMID: 30471166 DOI: 10.1002/em.22268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The classification of the fungicide captan (CAS Number: 133-06-2) as a carcinogen agent is presently under discussion. Despite the mutagenic effect detected by the Ames test and carcinogenic properties observed in mice, the genotoxicity of this pesticide in humans is still unclear. New information is needed about its mechanism of action in mammalian cells. Here, we show that Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells exposed to captan accumulate Fpg-sensitive DNA base alterations. In CHO and HeLa cells, such DNA lesions require the XRCC1-dependent pathway to be repaired. Captan also induces a replicative stress that activated the ATR signaling response and resulted in double-strand breaks and micronuclei. The replicative stress is characterized by a dramatic decrease in DNA synthesis due to a reduced replication fork progression. However, impairment of the XRCC1-related repair process did not amplify the replicative stress, suggesting that the fork progression defect is independent from the presence of base modifications. These results support the involvement of at least two independent pathways in the genotoxic effect of captan that might play a key role in carcinogenesis. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 60:286-297, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Fernandez-Vidal
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Liana C Arnaud
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Manon Maumus
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Marianne Chevalier
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Gladys Mirey
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Bernard Salles
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Julien Vignard
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Elisa Boutet-Robinet
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
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Chen X, Legrand AJ, Cunniffe S, Hume S, Poletto M, Vaz B, Ramadan K, Yao D, Dianov GL. Interplay between base excision repair protein XRCC1 and ALDH2 predicts overall survival in lung and liver cancer patients. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2018; 41:527-539. [PMID: 30088263 PMCID: PMC6153960 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-018-0390-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To deliver efficacious personalised cancer treatment, it is essential to characterise the cellular metabolism as well as the genetic stability of individual tumours. In this study, we describe a new axis between DNA repair and detoxification of aldehyde derivatives with important implications for patient prognosis and treatment. METHODS Western blot and qPCR analyses were performed in relevant non-transformed and cancer cell lines from lung and liver tissue origin in combination with bioinformatics data mining of The Cancer Genome Atlas database from lung and hepatocellular cancer patients. RESULTS Using both biochemical and bioinformatics approaches, we revealed an association between the levels of expression of the aldehyde detoxifying enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) and the key DNA base excision repair protein XRCC1. Across cancer types, we found that if one of the corresponding genes exhibits a low expression level, the level of the other gene is increased. Surprisingly, we found that low ALDH2 expression levels associated with high XRCC1 expression levels are indicative for a poor overall survival, particularly in lung and liver cancer patients. In addition, we found that Mithramycin A, a XRCC1 expression inhibitor, efficiently kills cancer cells expressing low levels of ALDH2. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that lung and liver cancers require efficient single-strand break repair for their growth in order to benefit from a low aldehyde detoxification metabolism. We also propose that the ratio of XRCC1 and ALDH2 levels may serve as a useful prognostic tool in these cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- CRUK & MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
- Research Centre of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Arnaud J Legrand
- CRUK & MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Siobhan Cunniffe
- CRUK & MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Samuel Hume
- CRUK & MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Mattia Poletto
- CRUK & MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Bruno Vaz
- CRUK & MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Kristijan Ramadan
- CRUK & MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Dengfu Yao
- Research Centre of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Grigory L Dianov
- CRUK & MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyeva 10, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630090.
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 63000.
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Lin J, Ye Q, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zeng Y. Association between XRCC1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and susceptibility to nasopharyngeal carcinoma: An update meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e11852. [PMID: 30095663 PMCID: PMC6133630 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000011852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have investigated polymorphisms of X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 1 (XRCC1) and risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), but the results are somewhat contradictory in different studies. There is an urgent need to keep in step with the relevant observational studies to more comprehend the effects of XRCC1 variants on the NPC risk. METHODS A systematic literature search accompanied with meta-analysis was carried out to obtain a detailed evaluation on the association between XRCC1 polymorphisms and NPC risk. RESULTS Meta-analyses showed that there was no statistically significant association observed between Arg194Trp/Arg280His variants in the XRCC1 gene and NPC risk with all genetic models, when relatively larger samples were pooled into the update meta-analysis. The reassessment suggested NPC risk was significantly increased with Arg399Gln polymorphism. The significant association was identified in homozygous, recessive, and allelic models, more than previously reported. CONCLUSION We confirmed that Arg399Gln polymorphism of XRCC1 gene is a potential predictor for susceptibility to NPC, especially for Asians. More studies are required to evaluate the association in different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Lin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Department of Laboratory, Provincial Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Zhao J, Zhi Z, Zhang M, Li Q, Li J, Wang X, Ma C. Predictive value of single nucleotide polymorphisms in XRCC1 for radiation-induced normal tissue toxicity. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:3901-3918. [PMID: 30013370 PMCID: PMC6039069 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s156175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose X-Ray Repair Cross Complementing 1 (XRCC1) functioning in the base excision repair pathway plays an important role in the repair of DNA single-strand breaks caused by ionizing radiation. The relationship between XRCC1 polymorphisms and the risk of radiation-induced side effects on normal tissues remains controversial. Therefore, we performed a comprehensive meta-analysis to elucidate these associations. Materials and methods A systematic literature search was carried out in PubMed, Medline (Ovid), Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane database, and the references of relevant studies. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to evaluate the strength of the association. Results A total of 40 studies including 6,682 patients were eventually identified in this meta-analysis. Pooled results suggested that rs25487 Arg399Gln polymorphism significantly increased the risk of acute radiation-induced side effects (OR=1.29, 95% CI: 1.10–1.52, P=0.002), especially acute mucositis (OR=1.91, 95% CI: 1.17–3.11, P=0.01) and acute gastrointestinal and genitourinary toxicity (OR=1.49, 95% CI: 1.04–2.11, P=0.03). Furthermore, patients who received head and neck irradiation with rs25487 Arg399Gln polymorphism were more likely to experience radiotherapy (RT)-induced side effects (OR=1.46, 95% CI: 1.12–1.90, P=0.005). However, no statistically significant correlations were identified between rs25487 polymorphism and any late side effects and other irradiation areas. Likewise, no significant associations were detected between rs25489, rs1799782, or rs3213245 polymorphism and RT-induced toxicity. Conclusion Our meta-analysis demonstrated that XRCC1 rs25487 Arg399Gln polymorphism had a significant predictive value and might predict a risk of severely acute RT-induced adverse effects, especially in acute mucositis and acute gastrointestinal and genitourinary toxicity, or in patients with head and neck irradiation. However, large-scale and well-designed studies are required to further evaluate the predictive value of XRCC1 variations on radiation-induced side effects in order to identify radiosensitive patients and predict radiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Zheng Zhi
- Department of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Qingxia Li
- Department of Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Clinical laboratory, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Chunling Ma
- Department of Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
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Saha LK, Kim S, Kang H, Akter S, Choi K, Sakuma T, Yamamoto T, Sasanuma H, Hirota K, Nakamura J, Honma M, Takeda S, Dertinger S. Differential micronucleus frequency in isogenic human cells deficient in DNA repair pathways is a valuable indicator for evaluating genotoxic agents and their genotoxic mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2018; 59:529-538. [PMID: 29761828 DOI: 10.1002/em.22201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The micronucleus (MN) test has become an attractive tool both for evaluating the genotoxicity of test chemicals because of its ability to detect clastogenic and aneugenic events and for its convenience. As the MN assay has been mostly performed using only DNA repair-proficient mammalian cells, we believed that the comparison of the MN frequency between DNA repair-proficient and -deficient human cells may be an excellent indicator for detecting the genotoxic potential of test chemicals and for understanding their mode of action. To address this issue, the following five genes encoding DNA-damage-response (DDR) factors were disrupted in the TK6 B cell line, a human cell line widely used for the MN test: FANCD2, DNA polymerase ζ (REV3), XRCC1, RAD54, and/or LIG4. Using these isogenic TK6 cell lines, the MN test was conducted for four widely-used DNA-damaging agents: methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), γ-rays, and mitomycin C (MMC). The frequency of micronuclei in the double strand break repair-deficient RAD54-/- /LIG4-/- cells after exposure to γ-rays, H2 O2 , MMS and MMC was 6.2-7.5 times higher than that of parental wild-type TK6 cells. The percentages of cells exhibiting micronuclei in the base excision repair- and single strand break repair-deficient XRCC1-/- cells after exposure to H2 O2 , MMC and MMS were all ∼5 times higher than those of wild-type cells. In summary, a supplementary MN assay using the combination of RAD54-/- /LIG4-/- , XRCC1-/- and wild-type TK6 cells is a promising method for detecting the genotoxic potential of test chemicals and their mode of action. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liton Kumar Saha
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Kyoto University, Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida Konoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Sujin Kim
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Seoul National University,599 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, Korea
| | - Habyeong Kang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Seoul National University,599 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, Korea
| | - Salma Akter
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Kyoto University, Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida Konoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kyungho Choi
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Seoul National University,599 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, Korea
| | - Tetsushi Sakuma
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamamoto
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sasanuma
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Kyoto University, Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida Konoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kouji Hirota
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Jun Nakamura
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Rinku Ourai Kita, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Honma
- Division of Genetics and Mutagenesis, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 158-8501, Japan
| | - Shunichi Takeda
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Kyoto University, Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida Konoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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Rehman I, Basu SM, Das SK, Bhattacharjee S, Ghosh A, Pommier Y, Das BB. PRMT5-mediated arginine methylation of TDP1 for the repair of topoisomerase I covalent complexes. Nucleic Acids Res 2018; 46:5601-5617. [PMID: 29718323 PMCID: PMC6009676 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterases (TDP) hydrolyze the phosphodiester bond between DNA and the catalytic tyrosine of Top1 to excise topoisomerase I cleavage complexes (Top1cc) that are trapped by camptothecin (CPT) and by genotoxic DNA alterations. Here we show that the protein arginine methyltransferase PRMT5 enhances the repair of Top1cc by direct binding to TDP1 and arginine dimethylation of TDP1 at residues R361 and R586. Top1-induced replication-mediated DNA damage induces TDP1 arginine methylation, enhancing its 3'- phosphodiesterase activity. TDP1 arginine methylation also increases XRCC1 association with TDP1 in response to CPT, and the recruitment of XRCC1 to Top1cc DNA damage foci. PRMT5 knockdown cells exhibit defective TDP1 activity with marked elevation in replication-coupled CPT-induced DNA damage and lethality. Finally, methylation of R361 and R586 stimulate TDP1 repair function and promote cell survival in response to CPT. Together, our findings provide evidence for the importance of PRMT5 for the post-translational regulation of TDP1 and repair of Top1cc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Rehman
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & B, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Suparna M Basu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & B, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Subhendu K Das
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & B, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sangheeta Bhattacharjee
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & B, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Arijit Ghosh
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & B, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Yves Pommier
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255, USA
| | - Benu Brata Das
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & B, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255, USA
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Gogola E, Duarte AA, de Ruiter JR, Wiegant WW, Schmid JA, de Bruijn R, James DI, Guerrero Llobet S, Vis DJ, Annunziato S, van den Broek B, Barazas M, Kersbergen A, van de Ven M, Tarsounas M, Ogilvie DJ, van Vugt M, Wessels LFA, Bartkova J, Gromova I, Andújar-Sánchez M, Bartek J, Lopes M, van Attikum H, Borst P, Jonkers J, Rottenberg S. Selective Loss of PARG Restores PARylation and Counteracts PARP Inhibitor-Mediated Synthetic Lethality. Cancer Cell 2018; 33:1078-1093.e12. [PMID: 29894693 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) polymerase (PARPi) have recently entered the clinic for the treatment of homologous recombination (HR)-deficient cancers. Despite the success of this approach, drug resistance is a clinical hurdle, and we poorly understand how cancer cells escape the deadly effects of PARPi without restoring the HR pathway. By combining genetic screens with multi-omics analysis of matched PARPi-sensitive and -resistant Brca2-mutated mouse mammary tumors, we identified loss of PAR glycohydrolase (PARG) as a major resistance mechanism. We also found the presence of PARG-negative clones in a subset of human serous ovarian and triple-negative breast cancers. PARG depletion restores PAR formation and partially rescues PARP1 signaling. Importantly, PARG inactivation exposes vulnerabilities that can be exploited therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Gogola
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066CX, the Netherlands; Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Oncode Institute, Amsterdam 1066CX, the Netherlands
| | - Alexandra A Duarte
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066CX, the Netherlands; Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Oncode Institute, Amsterdam 1066CX, the Netherlands
| | - Julian R de Ruiter
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066CX, the Netherlands; Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066CX, the Netherlands; Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Oncode Institute, Amsterdam 1066CX, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter W Wiegant
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZC, the Netherlands
| | - Jonas A Schmid
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Roebi de Bruijn
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066CX, the Netherlands; Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066CX, the Netherlands; Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Oncode Institute, Amsterdam 1066CX, the Netherlands
| | - Dominic I James
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Sergi Guerrero Llobet
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9723GZ, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel J Vis
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066CX, the Netherlands; Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Oncode Institute, Amsterdam 1066CX, the Netherlands
| | - Stefano Annunziato
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066CX, the Netherlands; Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Oncode Institute, Amsterdam 1066CX, the Netherlands
| | - Bram van den Broek
- Division of Cell Biology and BioImaging Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066CX, the Netherlands
| | - Marco Barazas
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066CX, the Netherlands; Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Oncode Institute, Amsterdam 1066CX, the Netherlands
| | - Ariena Kersbergen
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066CX, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke van de Ven
- Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging (MCCA), Preclinical Intervention Unit, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066CX, the Netherlands
| | - Madalena Tarsounas
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Donald J Ogilvie
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Marcel van Vugt
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9723GZ, the Netherlands
| | - Lodewyk F A Wessels
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066CX, the Netherlands; Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Oncode Institute, Amsterdam 1066CX, the Netherlands
| | - Jirina Bartkova
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark; Karolinska Institute, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Genome Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Irina Gromova
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Miguel Andújar-Sánchez
- Pathology Department, Complejo Hospt. Univ. Insular Materno Infantil, Las Palmas, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Jiri Bartek
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark; Karolinska Institute, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Genome Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Massimo Lopes
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Haico van Attikum
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZC, the Netherlands
| | - Piet Borst
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066CX, the Netherlands
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066CX, the Netherlands; Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Oncode Institute, Amsterdam 1066CX, the Netherlands.
| | - Sven Rottenberg
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066CX, the Netherlands; Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland.
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45
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Guida M, Tommasi S, Strippoli S, Natalicchio MI, De Summa S, Pinto R, Cramarossa A, Albano A, Pisconti S, Aieta M, Ridolfi R, Azzariti A, Guida G, Lorusso V, Colucci G. The search for a melanoma-tailored chemotherapy in the new era of personalized therapy: a phase II study of chemo-modulating temozolomide followed by fotemustine and a cooperative study of GOIM (Gruppo Oncologico Italia Meridionale). BMC Cancer 2018; 18:552. [PMID: 29747595 PMCID: PMC5946485 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4479-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It is frequently asked whether chemotherapy can still play a role in metastatic melanoma considering the effectiveness of the available drugs today, including antiCTLA4/antiPD1 immunotherapy and antiBRAF/antiMEK inhibitors. However, only approximately half of patients respond to these drugs, and the majority progress after 6–11 months. Therefore, a need for other therapeutic options is still very much apparent. We report the first large trial of a sequential full dose of fotemustine (FM) preceded by a low dose of temozolomide (TMZ) as a chemo-modulator in order to inactivate the DNA repair action of O(6)-methylguanine DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT). Primary endpoints were overall response and safety. We also evaluated specific biological parameters aiming to tailor these chemotherapies to selected patients. Methods A total of 69 consecutive patients were enrolled. The main features included a median age of 60 years (21–81) and M1c stage, observed in 74% of the patients, with brain metastases in 15% and high LDH levels in 42% of the patients. The following schedule was used: oral TMZ 100 mg/m2 on days 1 and 2 and FM iv 100 mg/m2 on day 2, 4 h after TMZ; A translational study aiming to analyse MGMT methylation status and base-excision repair (BER) gene expression was performed in a subset of 14 patients. Results We reported an overall response rate of 30.3% with 3 complete responses and a disease control rate of 50.5%. The related toxicity rate was low and mainly of haematological types. Although our population had a very poor prognosis, we observed a PFS of 6 months and an OS of 10 months. A non-significant correlation with response was found with the mean expression level of the three genes involved in the BER pathway (APE1, XRCC1 and PARP1), whereas no association was found with MGMT methylation status. Conclusion This schedule could represent a good alternative for patients who are not eligible for immune or targeted therapy or whose previous therapies have failed. Trial registration EUDRACT 2009–016487-36l; date of registration 23 June 2010. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4479-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Guida
- Medical Oncology Department, National Cancer Research Centre "Giovanni Paolo II", Via O. Flacco, 65, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - Stefania Tommasi
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory and Radiology, National Cancer Research Centre "Giovanni Paolo II", Via O. Flacco, 65, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Sabino Strippoli
- Medical Oncology Department, National Cancer Research Centre "Giovanni Paolo II", Via O. Flacco, 65, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Iole Natalicchio
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology of Solid Tumors and Pharmacogenomics, Ospedali Riuniti, Viale Pinto, 1, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Simona De Summa
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory and Radiology, National Cancer Research Centre "Giovanni Paolo II", Via O. Flacco, 65, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Rosamaria Pinto
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory and Radiology, National Cancer Research Centre "Giovanni Paolo II", Via O. Flacco, 65, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Cramarossa
- Radiology Department, National Cancer Research Centre "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Albano
- Medical Oncology Department, National Cancer Research Centre "Giovanni Paolo II", Via O. Flacco, 65, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pisconti
- Medical Oncology Department, San Giuseppe Moscati Hospital, Via per Martina Franca, 74010, Statte, Taranto, Italy
| | - Michele Aieta
- Medical Oncology Department, National Institute of Cancer, Via Padre Pio, 1. 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Potenza, Italy
| | - Ruggiero Ridolfi
- Medical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute of Romagna (IRST), Via Piero Maroncelli, 40. 47014 Meldola, Forlì, Italy
| | - Amalia Azzariti
- Clinical and Preclinical Pharmacology Laboratory, National Cancer Research Centre "Giovanni Paolo II", Via O. Flacco, 65, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Gabriella Guida
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 1, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Lorusso
- Medical Oncology Department, National Cancer Research Centre "Giovanni Paolo II", Via O. Flacco, 65, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Giusepe Colucci
- Medical Oncology Department, National Cancer Research Centre "Giovanni Paolo II", Via O. Flacco, 65, 70124, Bari, Italy
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46
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Horton JK, Stefanick DF, Çağlayan M, Zhao ML, Janoshazi AK, Prasad R, Gassman NR, Wilson SH. XRCC1 phosphorylation affects aprataxin recruitment and DNA deadenylation activity. DNA Repair (Amst) 2018; 64:26-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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47
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Thakur S, Dhiman M, Mantha AK. APE1 modulates cellular responses to organophosphate pesticide-induced oxidative damage in non-small cell lung carcinoma A549 cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 441:201-216. [PMID: 28887667 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3186-7/figures/9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Monocrotophos (MCP) and chlorpyrifos (CP) are widely used organophosphate pesticides (OPPs), speculated to be linked with human pathologies including cancer. Owing to the fact that lung cells are most vulnerable to the environmental toxins, the development and progression of lung cancer can be caused by the exposure of OPPs. The present study investigates the oxidative DNA damage response evoked by MCP and CP in human non-small cell lung carcinoma A549 cells. A549 cells were exposed to MCP and CP; cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were measured to select the non-toxic dose. In order to establish whether MCP and CP can initiate the DNA repair and cell survival signalling pathways in A549 cells, qRT-PCR and Western blotting techniques were used to investigate the mRNA and protein expression levels of DNA base excision repair (BER)-pathway enzymes and transcription factors (TFs) involved in cell survival mechanisms. A significant increase in cell viability and ROS generation was observed when exposed to low and moderate doses of MCP and CP at different time points (24, 48 and 72 h) studied. A549 cells displayed a dose-dependent accumulation of apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites after 24 h exposure to MCP advocating for the activation of AP endonuclease-mediated DNA BER-pathway. Cellular responses to MCP- and CP-induced oxidative stress resulted in an imbalance in the mRNA and protein expression of BER-pathway enzymes, viz. PARP1, OGG1, APE1, XRCC1, DNA pol β and DNA ligase III α at different time points. The treatment of OPPs resulted in the upregulation of TFs, viz. Nrf2, c-jun, phospho-c-jun and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Immunofluorescent confocal imaging of A549 cells indicated that MCP and CP induces the translocation of APE1 within the cytoplasm at an early 6 h time point, whereas it promotes nuclear localization after 24 h of treatment, which suggests that APE1 subcellular distribution is dynamically regulated in response to OPP-induced oxidative stress. Furthermore, nuclear colocalization of APE1 and the TF c-jun was observed in response to the treatment of CP and MCP for different time points in A549 cells. Therefore, in this study we demonstrate that MCP- and CP-induced oxidative stress alters APE1-dependent BER-pathway and also mediates cell survival signalling mechanisms via APE1 regulation, thereby promoting lung cancer cell survival and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Thakur
- Centre for Animal Sciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151 001, India
| | - Monisha Dhiman
- Centre for Biochemistry and Microbial Sciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Anil K Mantha
- Centre for Animal Sciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151 001, India.
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48
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Zakharenko AL, Lebedeva NA, Lavrik OI. DNA Repair Enzymes as Promising Targets in Oncotherapy. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162017060140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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49
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Nickson CM, Moori P, Carter RJ, Rubbi CP, Parsons JL. Misregulation of DNA damage repair pathways in HPV-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma contributes to cellular radiosensitivity. Oncotarget 2018; 8:29963-29975. [PMID: 28415784 PMCID: PMC5444717 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC) display increased sensitivity to radiotherapy and improved survival rates in comparison to HPV-negative forms of the disease. However the cellular mechanisms responsible for this characteristic difference are unclear. Here, we have investigated the contribution of DNA damage repair pathways to the in vitro radiosensitivity of OPSCC cell lines. We demonstrate that two HPV-positive OPSCC cells are indeed more radiosensitive than two HPV-negative OPSCC cells, which correlates with reduced efficiency for the repair of ionising radiation (IR)-induced DNA double strand breaks (DSB). Interestingly, we show that HPV-positive OPSCC cells consequently have upregulated levels of the proteins XRCC1, DNA polymerase β, PNKP and PARP-1 which are involved in base excision repair (BER) and single strand break (SSB) repair. This translates to an increased capacity and efficiency for the repair of DNA base damage and SSBs in these cells. In addition, we demonstrate that HPV-positive but interestingly more so HPV-negative OPSCC display increased radiosensitivity in combination with the PARP inhibitor olaparib. This suggests that PARP inhibition in combination with radiotherapy may be an effective treatment for both forms of OPSCC, particularly for HPV-negative OPSCC which is relatively radioresistant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Nickson
- Cancer Research Centre, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 9TA, UK
| | - Parisa Moori
- Cancer Research Centre, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 9TA, UK
| | - Rachel J Carter
- Cancer Research Centre, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 9TA, UK
| | - Carlos P Rubbi
- Cancer Research Centre, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 9TA, UK
| | - Jason L Parsons
- Cancer Research Centre, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 9TA, UK
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50
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Fletcher SC, Grou CP, Legrand AJ, Chen X, Soderstrom K, Poletto M, Dianov GL. Sp1 phosphorylation by ATM downregulates BER and promotes cell elimination in response to persistent DNA damage. Nucleic Acids Res 2018; 46:1834-1846. [PMID: 29294106 PMCID: PMC5829641 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx1291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
ATM (ataxia-telangiectasia mutated) is a central molecule for DNA quality control. Its activation by DNA damage promotes cell-cycle delay, which facilitates DNA repair prior to replication. On the other hand, persistent DNA damage has been implicated in ATM-dependent cell death via apoptosis; however, the mechanisms underlying this process remain elusive. Here we find that, in response to persistent DNA strand breaks, ATM phosphorylates transcription factor Sp1 and initiates its degradation. We show that Sp1 controls expression of the key base excision repair gene XRCC1, essential for DNA strand break repair. Therefore, degradation of Sp1 leads to a vicious cycle that involves suppression of DNA repair and further aggravation of the load of DNA damage. This activates transcription of pro-apoptotic genes and renders cells susceptible to elimination via both apoptosis and natural killer cells. These findings constitute a previously unrecognized 'gatekeeper' function of ATM as a detector of cells with persistent DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally C Fletcher
- Department of Oncology, CRUK & MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Claudia P Grou
- Department of Oncology, CRUK & MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Arnaud J Legrand
- Department of Oncology, CRUK & MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Oncology, CRUK & MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
- Department of Marine Technology, College of Ocean, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226007, China
| | - Kalle Soderstrom
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Mattia Poletto
- Department of Oncology, CRUK & MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Grigory L Dianov
- Department of Oncology, CRUK & MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyeva 10 Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
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