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Hill KB, Mullen GP, Nagareddy PR, Zimmerman KA, Rudolph MC. Key questions and gaps in understanding adipose tissue macrophages and early-life metabolic programming. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 327:E478-E497. [PMID: 39171752 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00140.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
The global obesity epidemic, with its associated comorbidities and increased risk of early mortality, underscores the urgent need for enhancing our understanding of the origins of this complex disease. It is increasingly clear that metabolism is programmed early in life and that metabolic programming can have life-long health consequences. As a critical metabolic organ sensitive to early-life stimuli, proper development of adipose tissue (AT) is crucial for life-long energy homeostasis. Early-life nutrients, especially fatty acids (FAs), significantly influence the programming of AT and shape its function and metabolism. Of growing interest are the dynamic responses during pre- and postnatal development to proinflammatory omega-6 (n6) and anti-inflammatory omega-3 (n3) FA exposures in AT. In the US maternal diet, the ratio of "pro-inflammatory" n6- to "anti-inflammatory" n3-FAs has grown dramatically due to the greater prevalence of n6-FAs. Notably, AT macrophages (ATMs) form a significant population within adipose stromal cells, playing not only an instrumental role in AT formation and maintenance but also acting as key mediators of cell-to-cell lipid and cytokine signaling. Despite rapid advances in ATM and immunometabolism fields, research has focused on responses to obesogenic diets and during adulthood. Consequently, there is a significant gap in identifying the mechanisms contributing metabolic health, especially regarding lipid exposures during the establishment of ATM physiology. Our review highlights the current understanding of ATM diversity, their critical role in AT, their potential role in early-life metabolic programming, and the broader implications for metabolism and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn B Hill
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Gregory P Mullen
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Prabhakara R Nagareddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Section, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Kurt A Zimmerman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Michael C Rudolph
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
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2
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Röszer T. Metabolic impact of adipose tissue macrophages in the early postnatal life. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:1515-1524. [PMID: 35899927 PMCID: PMC9796690 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mr0722-201r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) play key roles in metabolic inflammation, insulin resistance, adipose tissue fibrosis, and immune disorders associated with obesity. Research on ATM biology has mostly been conducted in the setting of adult obesity, since adipocyte hypertrophy is associated with a significant increase in ATM number. Signals that control ATM activation toward a proinflammatory or a proresolving phenotype also determine the developmental program and lipid metabolism of adipocytes after birth. ATMs are present at birth and actively participate in the synthesis of mediators, which induce lipolysis, mitobiogenesis, and mitochondrial uncoupling in adipocytes. ATMs in the newborn and the infant promote a lipolytic and fatty acid oxidizing adipocyte phenotype, which is essential to support the lipid-fueled metabolism, to maintain nonshivering thermogenesis and counteract an excessive adipose tissue expansion. Since adipose tissue metabolism in the early postnatal life determines obesity status in adulthood, early-life ATM functions may have a life-long impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Röszer
- Division of Pediatric Obesity, Children's Hospital and Institute of PediatricsUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary,Institute of NeurobiologyUlm UniversityUlmGermany
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3
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Röszer T. Co-Evolution of Breast Milk Lipid Signaling and Thermogenic Adipose Tissue. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1705. [PMID: 34827703 PMCID: PMC8615456 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breastfeeding is a unique and defining behavior of mammals and has a fundamental role in nourishing offspring by supplying a lipid-rich product that is utilized to generate heat and metabolic fuel. Heat generation from lipids is a feature of newborn mammals and is mediated by the uncoupling of mitochondrial respiration in specific fat depots. Breastfeeding and thermogenic adipose tissue have a shared evolutionary history: both have evolved in the course of homeothermy evolution; breastfeeding mammals are termed "thermolipials", meaning "animals with warm fat". Beyond its heat-producing capacity, thermogenic adipose tissue is also necessary for proper lipid metabolism and determines adiposity in offspring. Recent advances have demonstrated that lipid metabolism in infants is orchestrated by breast milk lipid signals, which establish mother-to-child signaling and control metabolic development in the infant. Breastfeeding rates are declining worldwide, and are paralleled by an alarming increase in childhood obesity, which at least in part may have its roots in the impaired metabolic control by breast milk lipid signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Röszer
- Institute of Neurobiology, Faculty of Science, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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4
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Annan RA, Gyimah LA, Apprey C, Asamoah-Boakye O, Aduku LNE, Azanu W, Luterodt HE, Edusei AK. Predictors of adverse birth outcomes among pregnant adolescents in Ashanti Region, Ghana. J Nutr Sci 2021; 10:e67. [PMID: 34527225 DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2021.200130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescent pregnancy is associated with adverse birth outcomes. However, the determinants of these outcomes are understudied. The present study sought to identify the predictors of adverse birth outcomes among pregnant adolescents in Ghana. In this prospective health centre-based study, 416 pregnant adolescents, aged 13-19 years old, were followed, and 270 birth outcomes were evaluated. We collected data on socio-demographic variables, eating behaviour, household hunger scale (HHS), lived poverty index (LPI) and compliance to antenatal interventions. The prevalence of low birth weight (LBW) and preterm births (PTB) were 15⋅2 and 12⋅5 %, respectively. Pregnant adolescents with no formal education (AOR 9⋅0; P = 0⋅004; 95 % CI 2⋅1, 39⋅8), those who experienced illness (AOR 3⋅0; P = 0⋅011; 95 % CI 1⋅3, 7⋅0), those who experienced hunger (OR 2⋅9; P = 0⋅010; 95 % CI 1⋅3, 6⋅5) and those with high LPI (OR 2⋅5; P = 0⋅014; 95 % CI 1⋅2, 5⋅3) presented increased odds of delivering preterm babies compared with those who have had secondary education, did not experience any illness, were not hungry or having low LPI, respectively. Pregnant adolescents who used insecticide-treated net (ITN) (AOR 0⋅4; P = 0⋅013; 95 % CI 0⋅2, 0⋅9) presented reduced odds LBW children; while those who experienced illness (AOR 2⋅7; P = 0⋅020; 95 % CI 1⋅2, 6⋅0), poorer pregnant adolescents (OR 2⋅5; P = 0⋅014; 95 % CI 1⋅1, 4⋅8) and those who experienced hunger (AOR 3⋅0; P = 0⋅028; 95 % CI 1⋅1, 8⋅1) presented increased odds of LBW children compared with those who used ITN, were not ill, were not poor or did not experience hunger. Adverse birth outcomes were associated with ANC compliance and socioeconomic factors of the pregnant adolescents. Hence, strengthening antenatal uptake and compliance by pregnant adolescents, promoting their livelihood and socioeconomic status, and interventions to prevent teenage pregnancies are strongly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reginald Adjetey Annan
- Human Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biosciences, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Linda Afriyie Gyimah
- Human Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biosciences, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Charles Apprey
- Human Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biosciences, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Odeafo Asamoah-Boakye
- Human Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biosciences, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Linda Nana Esi Aduku
- Human Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biosciences, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Wisdom Azanu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Allied Health Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Herman E Luterodt
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Anthony K Edusei
- Department of Community Health, School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Nsamba J, Lule SA, Namara B, Zziwa C, Akurut H, Lubyayi L, Akello F, Tumusiime J, Elliott AM, Webb EL. Effect of birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding and growth in infancy on fat mass and fat free mass indices in early adolescence: an analysis of the Entebbe Mother and Baby Study (EMaBs) cohort. AAS Open Res 2020; 2:11. [PMID: 32259024 PMCID: PMC7118828 DOI: 10.12688/aasopenres.12947.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is limited data from Africa on the effect of pre- and post-natal growth and infant feeding on later body composition. This study's aim was to investigate the effect of birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding and infant growth on adolescent body composition, using data from a Ugandan birth cohort. Methods: Data was collected prenatally from pregnant women and prospectively from their resulting live offspring. Data on body composition (fat mass index [FMI] and fat free mass index [FFMI]) was collected from 10- and 11-year olds. Linear regression was used to assess the effect of birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding and infant growth on FMI and FFMI, adjusting for confounders. Results: 177 adolescents with a median age of 10.1 years were included in analysis, with mean FMI 2.9 kg/m
2 (standard deviation (SD) 1.2), mean FFMI 12.8 kg/m
2 (SD 1.4) and mean birth weight 3.2 kg (SD 0.5). 90 (50.9%) were male and 110 (63.2%) were exclusively breastfeeding at six weeks of age. Birth weight was associated with FMI in adolescence (regression coefficient β= 0.66 per kg increase in birth weight, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.04, 1.29), P=0.02), while exclusive breastfeeding (β= -0.43, 95% CI (-1.06, 0.19), P=0.12), growth 0-6 months (β= 0.24 95% CI (-0.43, 0.92), P=0.48) and growth 6-12 months (β= 0.61, 95% CI (-0.23, 1.46), P=0.11) were not associated with FMI among adolescents. Birth weight (β= 0.91, 95% CI (0.17, 1.65), P=0.01) was associated with FFMI in adolescence. Exclusive breastfeeding (β= 0.17, 95% CI (-0.60, 0.94), P=0.62), growth 0-6 months (β= 0.56, 95% CI (-0.20, 1.33), P= 0.10), and growth 6-12 months (β= -0.02, 95% CI (-1.02, 0.99), P=0.97) were not associated with FFMI. Conclusions: Birth weight predicted body composition parameters in Ugandan early adolescents, however, exclusive breastfeeding at six weeks of age and growth in infancy did not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Nsamba
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, Keppel Street, WC1E 7HT, UK.,Department of Clinical Research, Jeuticals Research and Consulting (U) Ltd, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Swaib A Lule
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.,Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, MRC/UVRI & LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, P.O. Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda, Uganda
| | - Benigna Namara
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, MRC/UVRI & LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, P.O. Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda, Uganda
| | - Christopher Zziwa
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, MRC/UVRI & LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, P.O. Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda, Uganda
| | - Hellen Akurut
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, MRC/UVRI & LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, P.O. Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda, Uganda
| | - Lawrence Lubyayi
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, MRC/UVRI & LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, P.O. Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda, Uganda
| | - Florence Akello
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, MRC/UVRI & LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, P.O. Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda, Uganda
| | - Josephine Tumusiime
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, MRC/UVRI & LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, P.O. Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda, Uganda
| | - Alison M Elliott
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, MRC/UVRI & LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, P.O. Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda, Uganda.,Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Emily L Webb
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.,Medical Research Council Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
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6
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Litvak J, Parekh N, Deierlein A. Prenatal dietary exposures and offspring body size from 6 months to 18 years: A systematic review. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2020; 34:171-189. [PMID: 32011754 DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In utero dietary exposures may influence childhood obesity. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the relationship between prenatal dietary exposures and offspring body size from 6 months to 18 years. DATA SOURCES Articles were identified in PubMed and Web of Science (January 2010-March 2018) using the PRISMA guidelines. Additional studies were identified through a reference review of articles that met the inclusion criteria and related reviews. STUDY SELECTION Prospective cohort studies that assessed dietary patterns, foods, macronutrients, or beverages during healthy pregnancy and offspring body size. The extraction of articles was done using predefined data fields. SYNTHESIS One author extracted all information and evaluated bias with the NHLBI's Quality Assessment Tool. RESULTS A total of 851 research articles were evaluated. Twenty-one studies assessing dietary patterns, macronutrients, foods, and beverages met inclusion criteria. Consumption of a Mediterranean dietary pattern during pregnancy was associated with reduced body size, while refined carbohydrates were associated with offspring obesity. No association was observed between data-driven dietary patterns and offspring body size, as well as a pro-inflammatory diet pattern and offspring body size. Mixed and null findings were observed for the relationship between total carbohydrates, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, protein, sugar-sweetened beverages, and artificially sweetened beverages and offspring body size. CONCLUSIONS Adhering to a Mediterranean diet and limiting refined carbohydrates during pregnancy may influence offspring body size between 6 months and 18 years. The diverging results that exist between studies highlight the complexity of this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Litvak
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Niyati Parekh
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Deierlein
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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7
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Nsamba J, Lule SA, Namara B, Zziwa C, Akurut H, Lubyayi L, Akello F, Tumusiime J, Elliott AM, Webb EL. Effect of birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding and growth in infancy on fat mass and fat free mass indices in early adolescence: an analysis of the Entebbe Mother and Baby Study (EMaBs) cohort. AAS Open Res 2019; 2:11. [DOI: 10.12688/aasopenres.12947.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is limited data from Africa on the effect of pre- and post-natal growth and infant feeding on later body composition. This study's aim was to investigate the effect of birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding and infant growth on adolescent body composition, using data from a Ugandan birth cohort. Methods: Data was collected prenatally from pregnant women and prospectively from their resulting live offspring. Data on body composition (fat mass index [FMI] and fat free mass index [FFMI]) was collected from 10- and 11-year olds. Linear regression was used to assess the effect of birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding and infant growth on FMI and FFMI, adjusting for confounders. Results: 177 adolescents with a median age of 10.1 years were included in analysis, with mean FMI 2.9 kg/m2 (standard deviation (SD) 1.2), mean FFMI 12.8 kg/m2 (SD 1.4) and mean birth weight 3.2 kg (SD 0.5). 90 (50.9%) were male and 110 (63.2%) were exclusively breastfeeding at six weeks of age. Birth weight was associated with FMI in adolescence (regression coefficient β= 0.66 per kg increase in birth weight, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.04, 1.29), P=0.02), while exclusive breastfeeding (β= -0.43, 95% CI (-1.06, 0.19), P=0.12), growth 0-6 months (β= 0.24 95% CI (-0.43, 0.92), P=0.48) and growth 6-12 months (β= 0.61, 95% CI (-0.23, 1.46), P=0.11) were not associated with FMI among adolescents. Birth weight (β= 0.91, 95% CI (0.17, 1.65), P=0.01) was associated with FFMI in adolescence. Exclusive breastfeeding (β= 0.17, 95% CI (-0.60, 0.94), P=0.62), growth 0-6 months (β= 0.56, 95% CI (-0.20, 1.33), P= 0.10), and growth 6-12 months (β= -0.02, 95% CI (-1.02, 0.99), P=0.97) were not associated with FFMI. Conclusions: Birth weight predicted body composition parameters in Ugandan early adolescents, however, exclusive breastfeeding at six weeks of age and growth in infancy did not.
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Maslova E, Hansen S, Strøm M, Halldorsson TI, Grunnet LG, Vaag AA, Olsen SF. Fish Intake in Pregnancy and Offspring Metabolic Parameters at Age 9⁻16-Does Gestational Diabetes Modify the Risk? Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10101534. [PMID: 30336645 PMCID: PMC6213471 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oily fish, an important source of marine n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), has shown to reduce cardiometabolic risk in adults. Whether maternal fish intake affects offspring metabolic health is less established, especially among high-risk pregnancies. We aimed to examine the association of fish intake in pregnancy with offspring metabolic health who were either exposed or unexposed to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Our study included 1234 mother-offspring dyads (608 with a GDM index pregnancy and 626 control dyads) nested within the Danish National Birth Cohort, which is a prebirth cohort. Maternal seafood and marine n-3 LCPUFA consumption was quantified by a food frequency questionnaire (gestational week 25) and a sub-sample with interview data (weeks 12 and 30). The offspring were clinically examined at 9–16 years, including a Dual energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) scan and a fasting blood sample. We calculated multivariable effect estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for anthropometric, adiposity, and metabolic parameters. The median (IQR) intake of total seafood was 23(24) g/day. We found largely no association for total seafood and marine n-3 LCPUFA with offspring metabolic parameters in either group. Using interview data, GDM-exposed women reporting no fish in week 12 and 30 (versus intake >2 times/week) had offspring with a higher Body Mass Index (BMI) (ratio of geometric means (RGM): 1.28, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.55), waist circumference (RGM: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.40), triglycerides (RGM: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.03, 3.03), and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance HOMA-IR (RGM: 2.16, 95% CI: 1.17, 3.97). We found no associations of n-3 LCPUFA and seafood intake with offspring metabolic outcomes. However, GDM-exposed women who consistently reported eating no fish had offspring with a poorer metabolic profile. Fish intake in pregnancy may mitigate some adverse effects of intrauterine hyperglycemia, however, these findings need replication in better powered studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Maslova
- Centre for Fetal Programming, Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College, London W6 6RP, UK.
- Danish Diabetes Academy, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark.
| | - Susanne Hansen
- Centre for Fetal Programming, Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, DK-2600 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Marin Strøm
- Centre for Fetal Programming, Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Faculty of Natural and Health Sciences, University of Faroe Islands, 100 Torshavn, Faroe Islands.
| | - Thorhallur I Halldorsson
- Centre for Fetal Programming, Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali University Hospital, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Louise G Grunnet
- Danish Diabetes Academy, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark.
- Department of Endocrinology-Diabetes and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Allan A Vaag
- Department of Endocrinology-Diabetes and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease (CVMD) Translational Medicine Unit, Early Clinical Development, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 431 50 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Sjurdur F Olsen
- Centre for Fetal Programming, Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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9
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Wisnieski L, Kerver J, Holzman C, Todem D, Margerison-Zilko C. Breastfeeding and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. J Hum Lact 2018; 34:515-525. [PMID: 29100483 DOI: 10.1177/0890334417737038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The beneficial effect of breastfeeding on individual components of the metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents has been reported, but it is unknown if there is an association between being breastfed and metabolic syndrome as a whole. Research aim: This systematic review was performed to assess quality and strength of evidence for the association between being breastfed and the development of metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. METHODS Articles were obtained from searches using PubMed and Embase databases, as well as from secondary searches through reference lists. Study quality was assessed using a three-level quality rating system. RESULTS Of 11 studies reviewed, 7 found a protective association between breastfeeding and metabolic syndrome and 4 found no association. There was no clear dose-response relationship between duration of breastfeeding and metabolic syndrome risk and insufficient evidence to demonstrate an added effect of being exclusively breastfed. The overall quality of the articles was moderate. In general, lower quality articles found no significant association, whereas higher quality articles found a significant association. CONCLUSION Our review demonstrated a limited amount of high-quality research on the relationship between being breastfed and development of metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. The evidence presented in this review suggests that being breastfed may be protective against metabolic syndrome, but further research with improvements in study design, such as improved measurement of breastfeeding and the use of prospectively collected data, will improve our understanding of this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Wisnieski
- 1 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jean Kerver
- 1 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Claudia Holzman
- 1 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - David Todem
- 1 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Claire Margerison-Zilko
- 1 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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10
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Horta BL, Victora CG, França GVA, Hartwig FP, Ong KK, Rolfe EDL, Magalhães EIS, Lima NP, Barros FC. Breastfeeding moderates FTO related adiposity: a birth cohort study with 30 years of follow-up. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2530. [PMID: 29416098 PMCID: PMC5803210 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20939-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the association of breastfeeding with body composition at 30 years, among subjects who have been prospectively followed since birth in a southern Brazilian city. We also evaluated whether breastfeeding moderated the association between the rs9939609 variant in the FTO gene and adiposity. At 30 years, total and predominant breastfeeding were positively associated with lean mass index and inversely with visceral fat thickness. Among subjects breastfed for <1 month, all outcomes showed monotonically increasing values with additional copies of the A allele in the FTO genotype (rs9939609). Associations among subjects breastfed for one month or longer tended to be in the same direction but showed lower magnitude and were less consistent; for all outcomes. Interactions had p values ≤ 0.05 for body mass index, fat mass index and waist circumference. Even among young adults, breastfeeding moderates the association between the FTO variant rs9939609 and body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Lessa Horta
- Postgradute Programme in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Cesar G Victora
- Postgradute Programme in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando P Hartwig
- Postgradute Programme in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ken K Ong
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, England
| | - Emanuella de Lucia Rolfe
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, England
| | - Elma I S Magalhães
- Postgradute Programme in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Natalia P Lima
- Postgradute Programme in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fernando C Barros
- Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Chatzi L, Rifas-Shiman SL, Georgiou V, Joung KE, Koinaki S, Chalkiadaki G, Margioris A, Sarri K, Vassilaki M, Vafeiadi M, Kogevinas M, Mantzoros C, Gillman MW, Oken E. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet during pregnancy and offspring adiposity and cardiometabolic traits in childhood. Pediatr Obes 2017; 12 Suppl 1:47-56. [PMID: 28160450 PMCID: PMC5697744 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In adults, adherence to the Mediterranean diet has been inversely associated with cardiovascular risk, but the extent to which diet in pregnancy is associated with offspring adiposity is unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between adherence to Mediterranean diet in pregnancy and offspring cardiometabolic traits in two pregnancy cohorts. METHODS We studied 997 mother-child pairs from Project Viva in Massachusetts, USA, and 569 pairs from the Rhea study in Crete, Greece. We estimated adherence to the Mediterranean diet with an a priori defined score (MDS) of nine foods and nutrients (0 to 9). We measured child weight, height, waist circumference, skin-fold thicknesses, blood pressure, and blood levels of lipids, c-reactive protein and adipokines in mid-childhood (median 7.7 years) in Viva, and in early childhood (median 4.2 years) in Rhea. We calculated cohort-specific effects and pooled effects estimates with random-effects models for cohort and child age. RESULTS In Project Viva, the mean (SD, standard deviation) MDS was 2.7 (1.6); in Rhea it was 3.8 (1.7). In the pooled analysis, for each 3-point increment in the MDS, offspring BMI z-score was lower by 0.14 units (95% CI, -0.15 to -0.13), waist circumference by 0.39 cm (95% CI, -0.64 to -0.14), and the sum of skin-fold thicknesses by 0.63 mm (95% CI, -0.98 to -0.28). We also observed lower offspring systolic (-1.03 mmHg; 95% CI, -1.65 to -0.42) and diastolic blood pressure (-0.57 mmHg; 95% CI, -0.98 to -0.16). CONCLUSION Greater adherence to Mediterranean diet during pregnancy may protect against excess offspring cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leda Chatzi
- Department of Social Medicine, University of Crete, Greece
| | - Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman
- Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA
| | | | - Kyoung Eun Joung
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stella Koinaki
- Department of Social Medicine, University of Crete, Greece
| | | | | | - Katerina Sarri
- Department of Social Medicine, University of Crete, Greece
| | | | | | - Manolis Kogevinas
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, CREAL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christos Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew W. Gillman
- Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Emily Oken
- Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA
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12
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Catalano PM, Shankar K. Obesity and pregnancy: mechanisms of short term and long term adverse consequences for mother and child. BMJ 2017; 356:j1. [PMID: 28179267 PMCID: PMC6888512 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.j1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 654] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is the most common medical condition in women of reproductive age. Obesity during pregnancy has short term and long term adverse consequences for both mother and child. Obesity causes problems with infertility, and in early gestation it causes spontaneous pregnancy loss and congenital anomalies. Metabolically, obese women have increased insulin resistance in early pregnancy, which becomes manifest clinically in late gestation as glucose intolerance and fetal overgrowth. At term, the risk of cesarean delivery and wound complications is increased. Postpartum, obese women have an increased risk of venous thromboembolism, depression, and difficulty with breast feeding. Because 50-60% of overweight or obese women gain more than recommended by Institute of Medicine gestational weight guidelines, postpartum weight retention increases future cardiometabolic risks and prepregnancy obesity in subsequent pregnancies. Neonates of obese women have increased body fat at birth, which increases the risk of childhood obesity. Although there is no unifying mechanism responsible for the adverse perinatal outcomes associated with maternal obesity, on the basis of the available data, increased prepregnancy maternal insulin resistance and accompanying hyperinsulinemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress seem to contribute to early placental and fetal dysfunction. We will review the pathophysiology underlying these data and try to shed light on the specific underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Catalano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Health/MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Kartik Shankar
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
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13
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Kawada T. Maternal obesity, gestational weight gain and childhood cardiac outcome at age 6 years. Int J Obes (Lond) 2016; 41:95. [PMID: 27748743 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2016.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Kawada
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Tielemans MJ, Steegers EAP, Voortman T, Jaddoe VWV, Rivadeneira F, Franco OH, Kiefte-de Jong JC. Protein intake during pregnancy and offspring body composition at 6 years: the Generation R Study. Eur J Nutr 2016; 56:2151-2160. [PMID: 27376355 PMCID: PMC5579175 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1255-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Intra-uterine exposure to protein may affect body composition and may increase the prevalence of childhood adiposity. Therefore, we examined whether protein intake during pregnancy is associated with offspring body composition at the age of 6 years and whether associations differ for animal protein and vegetable protein. Methods We included 2694 Dutch mother–child pairs participating in a prospective population-based cohort in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Energy-adjusted protein was measured in pregnancy using a food-frequency questionnaire and analyzed in quartiles. At a mean age of 6.1 ± 0.4 years, we measured children’s body mass index, and fat-free mass index and fat mass index using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Outcomes were standardized for age and sex. BMI was used to classify children’s overweight status. Results After adjustment for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, a higher maternal protein intake was associated with a higher children’s fat-free mass index [difference 0.14 standard deviation (95 % CI 0.03, 0.25) for highest vs. lowest quartile of protein intake], but not with children’s fat mass index or body mass index. Comparable associations were found for animal protein and vegetable protein. Maternal protein intake was not associated with children’s overweight. Conclusions and relevance This study suggests that higher protein intake during pregnancy is associated with a higher fat-free mass in children at the age of 6 years, but not with their fat mass. Our results do not suggest specific recommendations regarding maternal protein intake during pregnancy to prevent overweight in the offspring. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00394-016-1255-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrte J Tielemans
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Office Na-2907, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Eric A P Steegers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Trudy Voortman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Office Na-2907, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Office Na-2907, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Office Na-2907, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica C Kiefte-de Jong
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Office Na-2907, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Leiden University College, The Hague, The Netherlands
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15
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Townsend ML, Riepsamen A, Georgiou C, Flood VM, Caputi P, Wright IM, Davis WS, Jones A, Larkin TA, Williamson MJ, Grenyer BFS. Longitudinal Intergenerational Birth Cohort Designs: A Systematic Review of Australian and New Zealand Studies. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150491. [PMID: 26991330 PMCID: PMC4798594 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The longitudinal birth cohort design has yielded a substantial contribution to knowledge of child health and development. The last full review in New Zealand and Australia in 2004 identified 13 studies. Since then, birth cohort designs continue to be an important tool in understanding how intrauterine, infant and childhood development affect long-term health and well-being. This updated review in a defined geographical area was conducted to better understand the factors associated with successful quality and productivity, and greater scientific and policy contribution and scope. METHODS We adopted the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) approach, searching PubMed, Scopus, Cinahl, Medline, Science Direct and ProQuest between 1963 and 2013. Experts were consulted regarding further studies. Five inclusion criteria were used: (1) have longitudinally tracked a birth cohort, (2) have collected data on the child and at least one parent or caregiver (3) be based in Australia or New Zealand, (4) be empirical in design, and (5) have been published in English. RESULTS 10665 records were initially retrieved from which 23 birth cohort studies met the selection criteria. Together these studies recruited 91,196 participants, with 38,600 mothers, 14,206 fathers and 38,390 live births. Seventeen studies were located in Australia and six in New Zealand. Research questions initially focused on the perinatal period, but as studies matured, longer-term effects and outcomes were examined. CONCLUSIONS This review demonstrates the significant yield from this effort both in terms of scientific discovery and social policy impact. Further opportunities have been recognised with cross-study collaboration and pooling of data between established and newer studies and international studies to investigate global health determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L. Townsend
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Angelique Riepsamen
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christos Georgiou
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Eastern Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Monash University, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Services, Eastern Health Clinical School, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Victoria M. Flood
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent’s Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter Caputi
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Ian M. Wright
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, NSW Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Warren S. Davis
- Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, NSW Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alison Jones
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Theresa A. Larkin
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Moira J. Williamson
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Brin F. S. Grenyer
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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16
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The impact of early growth patterns and infant feeding on body composition at 3 years of age. Br J Nutr 2015; 114:316-27. [PMID: 26131962 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515001427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Early excessive weight gain is positively associated with later obesity, and yet the effect of weight gain during specific periods and the impact of infant feeding practices are debated. The objective of the present study was to examine the impact of weight gain in periods of early childhood on body composition at 3 years, and whether infant feeding modified the relationship between early growth and body composition at 3 years. We studied 233 children from the prospective cohort study, SKOT (in Danish: Småbørns Kost og Trivsel). Birth weight z-scores (BWZ) and change in weight-for-age z-scores (WAZ) from 0 to 5, 5 to 9, 9 to 18 and 18 to 36 months were analysed for relations with body composition (anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance) at 3 years by multivariate regression analysis. BWZ and change in WAZ from 0 to 5 months were positively associated with BMI, fat mass index (FMI) and fat-free mass index (FFMI) at 3 years. Full breastfeeding for 6 months (compared to less than 1 month) eliminated the effect of early growth (P = 0.01). Full breastfeeding for 6 months (compared to less than 1 month) also eliminated the positive relation between BWZ and FMI (P = 0.009). No effect modification of infant feeding was found for FFMI. In conclusion, high birth weight and rapid growth from 0 to 5 months were associated with increased FMI and FFMI at 3 years. Longer duration of full breastfeeding reduced the effect of birth weight and early weight gain on fat mass.
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17
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van den Broek M, Leermakers ET, Jaddoe VW, Steegers EA, Rivadeneira F, Raat H, Hofman A, Franco OH, Kiefte-de Jong JC. Maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy and body composition of the child at age 6 y: the Generation R Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 102:873-80. [PMID: 26354533 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.102905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal diet during pregnancy may affect body composition of the offspring later in life, but evidence is still scarce. OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine whether maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy are associated with body composition of the child at age 6 y. METHODS This study was performed among 2695 Dutch mother-child pairs from a population-based prospective cohort study from fetal life onward. Maternal diet was assessed in early pregnancy by a 293-item semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Vegetable, fish, and oil; nuts, soy, and high-fiber cereals; and margarine, snacks, and sugar dietary patterns were derived from principal component analysis. We measured weight and height of the child at age 6 y at the research center. Total body fat and regional fat mass percentages of the child were assessed with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS In the crude models, statistically significant associations were found for higher adherence to the vegetable, fish, and oil dietary pattern and the nuts, soy, and high-fiber cereals dietary pattern with lower body mass index, lower fat mass index, and lower risk of being overweight, but none of these associations remained significant after adjustment for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. We found no associations between the margarine, snacks, and sugar dietary pattern and any of the outcomes. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the associations between maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy and body composition of the child at age 6 y are to a large extent explained by sociodemographic and lifestyle factors of mother and child.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vincent Wv Jaddoe
- Department of Epidemiology, The Generation R Study Group, Department of Pediatrics
| | | | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Epidemiology, The Generation R Study Group, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Hein Raat
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands, and
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18
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Gurecká R, Koborová I, Janšáková K, Tábi T, Szökő É, Somoza V, Šebeková K, Celec P. Prenatal dietary load of Maillard reaction products combined with postnatal Coca-Cola drinking affects metabolic status of female Wistar rats. Croat Med J 2015; 56:94-103. [PMID: 25891868 PMCID: PMC4410178 DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2015.56.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To assess the impact of prenatal exposure to Maillard reaction products (MRPs) -rich diet and postnatal Coca-Cola consumption on metabolic status of female rats. Diet rich in MRPs and consumption of saccharose/fructose sweetened soft drinks is presumed to impose increased risk of development of cardiometabolic afflictions, such as obesity or insulin resistance. Methods At the first day of pregnancy, 9 female Wistar rats were randomized into two groups, pair-fed either with standard rat chow (MRP-) or MRPs-rich diet (MRP+). Offspring from each group of mothers was divided into two groups and given either water (Cola-) or Coca-Cola (Cola+) for drinking ad libitum for 18 days. Oral glucose tolerance test was performed, and circulating markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, glucose and lipid metabolism were assessed. Results MRP+ groups had higher weight gain, significantly so in the MRP+/Cola- vs MRP-/Cola-. Both prenatal and postnatal intervention increased carboxymethyllysine levels and semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase activity, both significantly higher in MRP+/Cola + than in MRP-/Cola-. Total antioxidant capacity was lower in MRP+ groups, with significant decrease in MRP+/Cola + vs MRP-/Cola+. Rats drinking Coca-Cola had higher insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, heart rate, advanced oxidation of protein products, triacylglycerols, and oxidative stress markers measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances compared to rats drinking water, with no visible effect of MRPs-rich diet. Conclusion Metabolic status of rats was affected both by prenatal and postnatal dietary intervention. Our results suggest that combined effect of prenatal MRPs load and postnatal Coca-Cola drinking may play a role in development of metabolic disorders in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radana Gurecká
- Radana Gurecká, Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia,
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19
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Behavioural early-life exposures and body composition at age 15 years. Nutr Diabetes 2015; 5:e150. [PMID: 25664839 PMCID: PMC4338416 DOI: 10.1038/nutd.2014.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Previous studies have demonstrated associations between some early-life exposures and later obesity, but most have used body mass index in childhood or adulthood as the outcome. The objective of this study was to investigate whether early-life exposures were associated with directly measured fat and lean mass in adolescence. Subjects/Methods: This study used data on 4750 mother–offspring pairs, collected as a part of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, Bristol, UK between 1991 and 1992; associations between behavioural exposures occurring from conception up to 5 years of age (maternal and paternal smoking during pregnancy, breastfeeding, age at introduction to solids, dietary patterns and physical inactivity during early childhood) and offspring body composition measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at ~15 years were assessed. Results: After full adjustment for potential confounders, maternal smoking during pregnancy, having a junk food diet and spending more time watching television in early childhood were all associated with higher fat mass at age 15, whereas maternal smoking, having a healthy diet and playing computer games more frequently in early childhood were all associated with a higher lean mass at age 15. Associations with paternal smoking were generally weaker for both fat and lean mass, but as there was no strong statistical evidence for maternal vs paternal differences, confounding by social factors rather than a direct effect of maternal smoking cannot be ruled out. Early feeding was not associated with fat or lean mass at age 15. Conclusions: This study does not provide compelling evidence for associations between most early-life factors and body composition in adolescence. However, possible associations with dietary patterns and physical inactivity in early childhood require further investigation in other cohorts that have direct measurements of adolescent body composition.
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20
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Liu J, Shi Z, Spatz D, Loh R, Sun G, Grisso J. Social and demographic determinants for breastfeeding in a rural, suburban and city area of South East China. Contemp Nurse 2014; 45:234-43. [PMID: 24299252 DOI: 10.5172/conu.2013.45.2.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Breastfeeding is a traditional practice in China, yet few studies have explored its current trend after socioeconomic reform. This study aims to characterize breastfeeding rates and possible associations with sociodemographic factors using a breastfeeding questionnaire administered to 1,385 mothers of 6-year-old children. Rates were lowest among city residents and negatively associated with parental and grandmother education levels as well as mothers' professional occupational status. These findings highlight the impact of urbanization on maternal and child health and the effect of marketing tactics for breast milk substitutes (BMS). Public health education promoting breastfeeding should target urban families, particularly those educated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghong Liu
- Family and Community Health Department, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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21
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Rousseaux J, Duhamel A, Turck D, Molnar D, Salleron J, Artero EG, De Henauw S, Dietrich S, Manios Y, Piccinelli R, Sjöström M, Moreno LA, Gottrand F. Breastfeeding shows a protective trend toward adolescents with higher abdominal adiposity. Obes Facts 2014; 7:289-301. [PMID: 25277836 PMCID: PMC5644886 DOI: 10.1159/000368583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The question of whether breastfeeding has a protective effect against the development of overweight or obesity later in life remains controversial, especially during adolescence. The objective was to assess the relationship between breastfeeding and adolescents' body composition. METHODS The HELENA study is a cross-sectional study involving 3,528 adolescents from 10 European cities. The outcome measures were body weight and height, subscapular skinfolds as well as waist circumferences. Breastfeeding, smoking status, and parental socioeconomic status were assessed by self-administered questionnaires. Dietary intake was recorded using two 24-hour recall surveys. Two adjustment approaches were used: i) covariance analysis adjusted for confounding factors (propensity score adjustment) and ii) multivariate quantile regression. RESULTS After adjustment, no significant associations were observed between breastfeeding and body composition parameters (BMI Z-score; sum of skinfolds; waist-to-height ratio). An adjusted quantile regression analysis showed a non-significant trend for a protective effect of breastfeeding toward the highest percentiles of adiposity in boys but not in girls. This is of particular interest with respect to the superiority of the waist-to-height ratio over waist circumference and BMI for detecting cardiometabolic risk factors. CONCLUSION This first European study, including a large set of factors influencing adolescents' body composition, showed a non-significant trend toward a protective effect of breastfeeding on highest percentiles of adolescent's abdominal adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Rousseaux
- Unité de Biostatistiques, CERIM, EA2694, UDSL, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- *Dr. Julien Rousseaux, CERIM — Nutrition, Faculté de Médecine, Université Lille Nord de France, Place de Verdun, 59045 Lille cedex (France),
| | - Alain Duhamel
- Unité de Biostatistiques, CERIM, EA2694, UDSL, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Dominique Turck
- Inserm U995, IFR114, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University Lille 2, Lille, France
| | - Denes Molnar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Julia Salleron
- Unité de Biostatistiques, CERIM, EA2694, UDSL, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Enrique Garcia Artero
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, School of Education, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain
| | - Stefaan De Henauw
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sabine Dietrich
- Klinische Psychologie, Gesundheitspsychologie Psychosomatisches Zentrum Waldviertel, Eggenburg, Austria
| | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Michael Sjöström
- Unit for Preventive Nutrition, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Luis Aznar Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Escuela Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Frédéric Gottrand
- Inserm U995, IFR114, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University Lille 2, Lille, France
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22
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Strakovsky RS, Lezmi S, Flaws JA, Schantz SL, Pan YX, Helferich WG. Genistein exposure during the early postnatal period favors the development of obesity in female, but not male rats. Toxicol Sci 2013; 138:161-74. [PMID: 24361872 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kft331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genistein (Gen), the primary isoflavone in soy, has been shown to adversely affect various endocrine-mediated endpoints in rodents and humans. Soy formula intake by human infants has been associated with early age at menarche and decreased female-typical behavior in girls. Adipose deposition and expansion are also hormonally regulated and Gen has been shown to alter these processes. However, little is known about the impact of early-life soy intake on metabolic homeostasis in adulthood. The current study examined the impact of early-life Gen exposure on adulthood body composition (by magnetic resonance imaging) and the molecular signals mediating adipose expansion. From postnatal day (PND) 1 to 22, rat pups were daily orally dosed with 50mg/kg Gen to mimic blood Gen levels in human infants fed soy formula. Female but not male Gen-exposed rats had increased fat/lean mass ratio, fat mass, adipocyte size and number, and decreased muscle fiber perimeter. PND22 Gen-exposed females, but not males, had increased expression of adipogenic factors, including CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (Cebpα), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta (Cebpβ), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Pparγ). Furthermore, Wingless-related MMTV integration site 10b (Wnt10b), a critical regulator of adipogenic cell fate determination, was hypermethylated and had decreased expression in adipose of PND22 Gen-exposed females. These data suggest that developmental Gen exposure in rats has gender-specific effects on adiposity that closely parallel the effects of a postweaning high-fat diet and underscore the importance of considering timing of exposure and gender when establishing safety recommendations for early-life dietary Gen intake.
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