1
|
Mahajan A, Duncan AM, Darlington G, Haines J, Ma DWL, Buchholz AC. Dietary Sugar and Anthropometrics among Young Children in the Guelph Family Health Study: Longitudinal Associations. CAN J DIET PRACT RES 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38836464 DOI: 10.3148/cjdpr-2024-001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Purpose: Our understanding of the influence of sugar intake on anthropometrics among young children is limited. Most existing research is cross-sectional and has focused on sugar-sweetened beverages. The study objective was to investigate longitudinal associations between young children's total, free, and added sugar intake from all food sources at baseline with anthropometric measures at baseline and 18 months.Methods: The Guelph Family Health Study (GFHS) is an ongoing randomized controlled trial and a family-based health promotion study. Food records and anthropometric data were collected at baseline (n = 109, 55 males; 3.7 ± 1.1 y, mean ± SD) and 18 months (n = 109, 55 males; 5.1 ± 1.1 y) of the GFHS pilots. Associations between sugar intakes and anthropometrics were estimated using linear regression models with generalized estimating equations adjusted for age, sex, household income, and intervention status.Results: Total sugar intake was inversely associated with body weight at 18 months (P = 0.01). There was no effect of time on any other associations between total, free, and added sugar intakes and anthropometrics.Conclusions: Early life dietary sugar intakes may not relate to anthropometric measures in the short term. Further investigation into potential associations between dietary sugar intakes and anthropometric variables over longer time periods is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anisha Mahajan
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON
| | - Alison M Duncan
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON
| | - Gerarda Darlington
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Guelph, Guelph ON
| | - Jess Haines
- Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph ON
| | - David W L Ma
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON
| | - Andrea C Buchholz
- Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph ON
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zaltz DA, Mueller NT, Hoyo C, Østbye T, Benjamin-Neelon SE. Breastfeeding and less healthy beverage intake during the first year of life. Pediatr Obes 2024; 19:e13086. [PMID: 37994306 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Breastfeeding during infancy is associated with healthier beverage consumption later in childhood, but little is known about this relation during infancy. This was a longitudinal study of breastfeeding and less healthy beverage consumption during the first year of life, in a birth cohort study conducted 2013-2018 in the Southeastern United States (n = 666). METHODS We estimated monthly rates of 100% juice and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption comparing infants who were exclusively or partially breastfed, versus those who were not, in multivariable adjusted models. RESULTS Mothers had a median age of 26.5 years, 71% identified as Black/African-American, and 61% reported household incomes <$20 000/year. The prevalence of any breastfeeding during the first month was 78.2% and 18.7% at month 12. By age 12 months, infants consumed juice a mean (SD) 9.1 (10.1) times per week and SSBs 3.6 (9.5) times per week. Breastfed infants had a 38% lower incidence rate of weekly juice consumption (95% CI 52%, 15%, p = 0.003) and a 57% lower incidence rate of weekly SSB consumption (95% CI 76%, 22%, p = 0.006), compared with infants who were not breastfed. CONCLUSIONS Research on early-life correlates of dietary health should focus on the earliest beverages, given evidence that consumption of obesogenic beverages may begin prior to age 1 year.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Zaltz
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Noel T Mueller
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Cathrine Hoyo
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Truls Østbye
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sara E Benjamin-Neelon
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of International Health, Division of Human Nutrition, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rousham EK, Goudet S, Markey O, Griffiths P, Boxer B, Carroll C, Petherick ES, Pradeilles R. Unhealthy Food and Beverage Consumption in Children and Risk of Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:1669-1696. [PMID: 35362512 PMCID: PMC9526862 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This WHO-commissioned review contributed to the update of complementary feeding recommendations, synthesizing evidence on effects of unhealthy food and beverage consumption in children on overweight and obesity. We searched PubMed (Medline), Cochrane CENTRAL, and Embase for articles, irrespective of language or geography. Inclusion criteria were: 1) randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non-RCTs, cohort studies, and pre/post studies with control; 2) participants aged ≤10.9 y at exposure; 3) studies reporting greater consumption of unhealthy foods/beverages compared with no or low consumption; 4) studies assessing anthropometric and/or body composition; and 5) publication date ≥1971. Unhealthy foods and beverages were defined using nutrient- and food-based approaches. Risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS-I (risk of bias in nonrandomized studies of interventions version I) and RoB2 [Cochrane RoB (version 2)] tools for nonrandomized and randomized studies, respectively. Narrative synthesis was complemented by meta-analyses where appropriate. Certainty of evidence was assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation. Of 26,542 identified citations, 60 studies from 71 articles were included. Most studies were observational (59/60), and no included studies were from low-income countries. The evidence base was low quality, as assessed by ROBINS-I and RoB2 tools. Evidence synthesis was limited by the different interventions and comparators across studies. Evidence indicated that consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and unhealthy foods in childhood may increase BMI/BMI z-score, percentage body fat, or odds of overweight/obesity (low certainty of evidence). Artificially sweetened beverages and 100% fruit juice consumption make little/no difference to BMI, percentage body fat, or overweight/obesity outcomes (low certainty of evidence). Meta-analyses of a subset of studies indicated a positive association between SSB intake and percentage body fat, but no association with change in BMI and BMI z-score. High-quality epidemiological studies that are designed to assess the effects of unhealthy food consumption during childhood on risk of overweight/obesity are needed to contribute to a more robust evidence base upon which to design policy recommendations. This protocol was registered at https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO as CRD42020218109.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E K Rousham
- Centre for Global Health and Human Development, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - S Goudet
- Centre for Global Health and Human Development, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - O Markey
- Centre for Global Health and Human Development, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - P Griffiths
- Centre for Global Health and Human Development, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - B Boxer
- Centre for Global Health and Human Development, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - C Carroll
- School of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - E S Petherick
- Centre for Global Health and Human Development, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - R Pradeilles
- Centre for Global Health and Human Development, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Turck D, Bohn T, Castenmiller J, de Henauw S, Hirsch‐Ernst KI, Knutsen HK, Maciuk A, Mangelsdorf I, McArdle HJ, Naska A, Peláez C, Pentieva K, Siani A, Thies F, Tsabouri S, Adan R, Emmett P, Galli C, Kersting M, Moynihan P, Tappy L, Ciccolallo L, de Sesmaisons‐Lecarré A, Fabiani L, Horvath Z, Martino L, Muñoz Guajardo I, Valtueña Martínez S, Vinceti M. Tolerable upper intake level for dietary sugars. EFSA J 2022; 20:e07074. [PMID: 35251356 PMCID: PMC8884083 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Following a request from five European Nordic countries, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was tasked to provide scientific advice on a tolerable upper intake level (UL) or a safe level of intake for dietary (total/added/free) sugars based on available data on chronic metabolic diseases, pregnancy-related endpoints and dental caries. Specific sugar types (fructose) and sources of sugars were also addressed. The intake of dietary sugars is a well-established hazard in relation to dental caries in humans. Based on a systematic review of the literature, prospective cohort studies do not support a positive relationship between the intake of dietary sugars, in isocaloric exchange with other macronutrients, and any of the chronic metabolic diseases or pregnancy-related endpoints assessed. Based on randomised control trials on surrogate disease endpoints, there is evidence for a positive and causal relationship between the intake of added/free sugars and risk of some chronic metabolic diseases: The level of certainty is moderate for obesity and dyslipidaemia (> 50-75% probability), low for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes (> 15-50% probability) and very low for hypertension (0-15% probability). Health effects of added vs. free sugars could not be compared. A level of sugars intake at which the risk of dental caries/chronic metabolic diseases is not increased could not be identified over the range of observed intakes, and thus, a UL or a safe level of intake could not be set. Based on available data and related uncertainties, the intake of added and free sugars should be as low as possible in the context of a nutritionally adequate diet. Decreasing the intake of added and free sugars would decrease the intake of total sugars to a similar extent. This opinion can assist EU Member States in setting national goals/recommendations.
Collapse
|
5
|
Geurtsen ML, Santos S, Gaillard R, Felix JF, Jaddoe VWV. Associations Between Intake of Sugar-Containing Beverages in Infancy With Liver Fat Accumulation at School Age. Hepatology 2021; 73:560-570. [PMID: 33140427 PMCID: PMC7898343 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Sugar-containing beverage intake is a major risk factor for obesity in both children and adults and appears to be associated with NAFLD in adults. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between sugar-containing beverage intake in infancy and liver fat accumulation and NAFLD among school-aged children. APPROACH AND RESULTS In a population-based prospective cohort study of 1,940 infants, we assessed sugar-containing beverage intake at 1 year with a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire. Liver fat fraction and NAFLD (liver fat fraction ≥5.0%) were assessed with MR. Higher sugar-containing beverage intake in infancy was not associated with higher liver fat accumulation at 10 years of age when assessed continuously (SD, 0.03; 95% CI, - 0.02, 0.07, per one-serving/day increase of sugar-containing beverage intake) or categorically (P = 0.38). However, compared to infants with <1.0 serving/day, those with >2.0 servings/day had the highest odds of NAFLD at 10 years of age (OR, 3.02; 95% CI, 1.34, 6.83). These associations remained borderline significant after additional adjustment for sugar-containing beverage intake and body mass index at school age (P = 0.13). Stratified analyses showed stronger associations between sugar-containing beverage intake in infancy and NAFLD at 10 years of age among children of mothers with lower educational attainment (OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.12, 1.97) and among children with overweight or obesity (OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.05, 2.07). CONCLUSIONS Higher sugar-containing beverage intake in infancy was associated with NAFLD in school-aged children, independent of sugar-containing beverage intake and body mass index at school age. Limiting the intake of sugar-containing beverages in infancy may help prevent liver steatosis at school age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madelon L Geurtsen
- The Generation R Study GroupErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands.,Department of PediatricsErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Susana Santos
- The Generation R Study GroupErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands.,Department of PediatricsErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Romy Gaillard
- The Generation R Study GroupErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands.,Department of PediatricsErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Janine F Felix
- The Generation R Study GroupErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands.,Department of PediatricsErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study GroupErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands.,Department of PediatricsErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ardeshirlarijani E, Jalilpiran Y, Daneshzad E, Larijani B, Namazi N, Azadbakht L. Association between sugar-sweetened beverages and waist circumference in adult populations: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2020; 41:118-125. [PMID: 33487253 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM Based on previous studies, Sugar-Sweetened beverages (SSB) can increase the risk of obesity and obesity-related disorders. However, findings are conflicting. The aim of the present study was to summarize the association between the intake of SSB and waist circumference (WC) in adult populations. METHODS Four electronic databases including PubMed/Medline, Web of Knowledge, Scopus, and EMBASE were considered to collect eligible papers until 31 January 2019 with English language. RESULTS Finally, we reached 7 eligible cohort studies for both qualitative and quantitative synthesis. Based on the pooled 10 effect sizes, we found that the consumption of SSB can increase WC by 14%. However, it was not statistically significant and the between-study heterogeneity was high (95%CI: 0.86, 1.51; I2: 90.8%). We also observed that soda drink can increase WC by 31% (95%CI: 1.03, 1.66; I2:0%). CONCLUSION The current systematic review and meta-analysis revealed that the consumption of SSB can increase WC by 14% in adult populations. However, this value was not statistically significant. However, more prospective studies are necessary to make a decision on the link between the consumption of SSB and abdominal obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yahya Jalilpiran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elnaz Daneshzad
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazli Namazi
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Leila Azadbakht
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Carbohydrate Intake in Early Childhood and Body Composition and Metabolic Health: Results from the Generation R Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12071940. [PMID: 32629760 PMCID: PMC7399886 DOI: 10.3390/nu12071940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
High sugar intake in childhood has been linked to obesity. However, the role of macronutrient substitutions and associations with metabolic health remain unclear. We examined associations of carbohydrate intake and its subtypes with body composition and metabolic health among 3573 children participating in a population-based cohort in the Netherlands. Intake of total carbohydrate, monosaccharides and disaccharides, and polysaccharides at age 1 year was assessed with a food-frequency questionnaire. We repeatedly measured children’s height and weight to calculate BMI between their ages of 1 and 10 years. At ages 6 and 10 years, fat and fat-free mass were measured with dual-energy X-ray-absorptiometry and blood concentrations of triglycerides, cholesterol, and insulin were obtained. For all outcomes, we calculated age and sexspecific SD-scores. In multivariable-adjusted linear mixed models, we found no associations of intake of carbohydrates or its subtypes with children’s BMI or body composition. A higher intake of monosaccharides and disaccharides was associated with higher triglyceride concentrations (0.02 SDS per 10 g/day, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.04). Higher monosaccharide and disaccharide intake was also associated with lower HDL-cholesterol (−0.03 SDS, 95% CI: −0.04; −0.01), especially when it replaced polysaccharides. Overall, our findings suggest associations of higher monosaccharide and disaccharide intake in early childhood with higher triglyceride and lower HDL-cholesterol concentrations, but do not support associations with body composition.
Collapse
|
8
|
Bernabé E, Ballantyne H, Longbottom C, Pitts N. Early Introduction of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Caries Trajectories from Age 12 to 48 Months. J Dent Res 2020; 99:898-906. [PMID: 32374714 PMCID: PMC7536523 DOI: 10.1177/0022034520917398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Early exposure to sweet tastes predicts similar food preferences and eating
behavior in later life and is associated with childhood obesity. The aim of this
study was to explore the associations of early (during the first year of life)
and subsequent intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) with 4-y caries
trajectories among Scottish young children. We used data from 1,111 Scottish
children who were followed annually from age 12 to 48 mo (4 sweeps in total).
SSB intake was reported by parents in every sweep. SSB intake was broken down
into 2 components, the initial SSB intake and the deviation over time from that
initial value. Childhood dental caries was clinically determined (including
noncavitated and cavitated lesions) every year. The association of SSB intake
with baseline decayed, missing, and filled tooth surfaces (dmfs) (intercept) and
rate of change in dmfs over time (slope) was examined in 2-level linear
mixed-effects models, with repeated observations nested within children. Both
the initial SSB intake and the deviation from the initial SSB intake were
positively associated with steeper caries trajectories. By sweep 4, the
predicted mean dmfs difference was 1.73 between children with low and high
initial SSB intake (1 standard deviation below and above the mean) and 1.17
between children with low and high deviation from their initial SSB intake (1 SD
below and above the mean). The findings of this prospective study among Scottish
young children provide evidence that the introduction of SSBs during the first
year of life can put children in a trajectory of high levels of dental caries.
They support current recommendations to avoid sugars for very young children and
interventions targeting early feeding practices for caries prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E. Bernabé
- Dental Public Health Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | | | - C. Longbottom
- Dental Innovation and Impact, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - N.B. Pitts
- Dental Innovation and Impact, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dodd JM, Louise J, Deussen AR, McPhee AJ, Owens JA, Robinson JS. Prenatal Diet and Child Growth at 18 Months. Pediatrics 2018; 142:peds.2018-0035. [PMID: 30089655 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2018-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our objective was to evaluate the effect of an antenatal dietary and lifestyle intervention in pregnant women who are overweight or obese on child outcomes at age 18 months. METHODS We conducted a follow-up study of children at 18 months of age who were born to women who participated in the Limiting Weight Gain in Overweight and Obese Women during Pregnancy to Improve Health Outcomes randomized trial. The primary follow-up study outcome was prevalence of child BMI z scores >85th percentile. Secondary study outcomes included a range of anthropometric measures, neurodevelopment, general health, and child feeding. Intention to treat principles were used in analyses, according to the treatment group allocated at randomization. RESULTS A total of 1602 children were assessed at age 18 months (lifestyle advice, n = 816; standard care, n = 786), representing 75.0% of the eligible sample (n = 2136). There were no statistically significant differences in the prevalence of child BMI z scores >85th percentile for children born to women in the lifestyle advice group, compared with the standard care group (lifestyle advice, 505 [47.11%] versus standard care, 483 [45.36%]; adjusted relative risk: 1.04; 95% confidence interval: 0.94 to 1.16; P = .45). There was no evidence of effects on child growth, adiposity, neurodevelopment, or dietary and physical activity patterns. CONCLUSIONS There is no evidence that providing pregnant women who were overweight or obese with an antenatal dietary and lifestyle intervention altered 18-month child growth and adiposity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jodie M Dodd
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Robinson Research Institute and .,Women's and Babies Division, Perinatal Medicine and
| | - Jennie Louise
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Robinson Research Institute and.,Adelaide Health Technology Assessment, School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; and Departments of
| | - Andrea R Deussen
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Robinson Research Institute and
| | - Andrew J McPhee
- Neonatal Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Julie A Owens
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Robinson Research Institute and
| | - Jeffrey S Robinson
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Robinson Research Institute and
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Evaluation of a short food frequency questionnaire for dietary intake assessment among children. Eur J Clin Nutr 2018; 73:679-691. [PMID: 29849182 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-018-0200-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of a short food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to assess dietary intake at 4 and 7 years of age, against 3d food diaries (FD) and serum biomarkers, using two methods to convert the FFQ to daily intake in grams and nutrients (standard and z-score method). SUBJECTS/METHODS The present analysis comprises data from 2482 4-year-old children and 3511 7-year-old children, from the birth cohort Generation XXI (Porto, Portugal). To estimate daily consumption from the FFQ, the frequency response was multiplied by a standard mean portion (standard method) or adjusted with data from the FD (z-score method). The dietary intake obtained from the FFQ was compared with the FD and serum biomarkers, using Intra-Class Correlation Coefficients (ICC), de-attenuated Pearson's correlation coefficients and Bland Altman analysis. RESULTS In general, the mean daily food intake estimated by the z-score method had a higher agreement with the FD, than the standard method. The highest ICC was obtained for "vegetable soup" (ICC = 0.536), using the z-score method, compared to an ICC of 0.373 using the standard method. Significant correlation coefficients were observed for all nutrients; the average of correlation coefficients was 0.39 at 4 years and 0.42 at 7 years of age. For the majority of nutrients, the correlation between mean and mean difference was lower using the z-score method, in comparison with the standard method. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the FFQ is a reasonably good instrument to estimate dietary intake in children. Moreover, adjusting the FFQ portion size, by using a z-score method, seems to increase the accuracy of dietary data in children.
Collapse
|
11
|
Laitala ML, Vehkalahti MM, Virtanen JI. Frequent consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and sweets starts at early age. Acta Odontol Scand 2018; 76:105-110. [PMID: 29032715 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2017.1387929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the habitual consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and sweets in relation to mothers' behaviours and practices with their infants. METHODS We targeted mothers with children 1-24 months (N = 200) visiting Public Child Health clinics in Finland. During routine visits mothers (N = 179) volunteered to complete a self-administered anonymous questionnaire about their child's health-related behaviours (consumption of sweets and SSBs, tooth brushing frequency). The questionnaires also included questions about the mothers' background (age, education) and health-related behaviours (consumption of sweets, tooth brushing frequency and smoking habits). The children were categorised by age, and Chi-squared tests, Fischer's exact test, ANOVA and correlation coefficient served for the statistical analyses. RESULTS Of those under 6 months, almost half (44%) received SSBs, and 45% of them more than once a week. Their use gradually increased by age such that by 19-24 months, all received SSBs at least sometimes, and 56%, frequently. Fewer than half of the mothers (33-43%) gave sweets to their children between the ages of 10-15 months, but 92% by the age of 2 years. Children's twice-a-day tooth brushing increased from 14% to 33%. The child's age and tooth brushing frequency correlated with the consumption of sugar-sweetened products (r = 0.458). CONCLUSIONS Infants frequent consumption of sugar-sweetened products begins early in childhood. Thus, tackling these common risk factors in the first years of life is essential and calls for health-promoting actions in multiple areas that target primarily the parents of infants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marja-Liisa Laitala
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Kallio Public Health Care, Ylivieska, Finland
| | - Miira M. Vehkalahti
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jorma I. Virtanen
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bleich SN, Vercammen KA. The negative impact of sugar-sweetened beverages on children's health: an update of the literature. BMC OBESITY 2018; 5:6. [PMID: 29484192 PMCID: PMC5819237 DOI: 10.1186/s40608-017-0178-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
While sugar sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption has declined in the last 15 years, consumption of SSBs is still high among children and adolescents. This research synthesis updates a prior review on this topic and examines the evidence regarding the various health impacts of SSBs on children's health (overweight/obesity, insulin resistance, dental caries, and caffeine-related effects). We searched PubMed, CAB Abstracts and PAIS International to identify cross-sectional, longitudinal and intervention studies examining the health impacts of SSBs in children published after January 1, 2007. We also searched reference lists of relevant articles. Overall, most studies found consistent evidence for the negative impact of SSBs on children's health, with the strongest support for overweight/obesity risk and dental caries, and emerging evidence for insulin resistance and caffeine-related effects. The majority of evidence was cross-sectional highlighting the need for more longitudinal and intervention studies to address this research question. There is substantial evidence that SSBs increase the risk of overweight/obesity and dental caries and developing evidence for the negative impact of SSBs on insulin resistance and caffeine-related effects. The vast majority of literature supports the idea that a reduction in SSB consumption would improve children's health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara N. Bleich
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Kelsey A. Vercammen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jen V, Erler NS, Tielemans MJ, Braun KV, Jaddoe VW, Franco OH, Voortman T. Mothers' intake of sugar-containing beverages during pregnancy and body composition of their children during childhood: the Generation R Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 105:834-841. [PMID: 28275130 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.147934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: High intake of sugar-containing beverages (SCBs) has been linked to increased risk of obesity. However, associations of SCB intake during pregnancy with child body composition have been unclear.Objectives: We explored whether SCB intake during pregnancy was associated with children's body mass index (BMI) and detailed measures of body composition. In addition, we examined different types of SCBs (i.e., fruit juice, soda, and concentrate).Design: We included 3312 mother-child pairs of the Generation R Study, a prospective cohort from fetal life onward in the Netherlands. Energy-adjusted SCB intake was assessed in the first trimester with a food-frequency questionnaire. Anthropometric data of the children were collected repeatedly ≤6 y of age, and BMI was calculated. At 6 y of age, we further measured fat mass index (FMI) and fat-free mass index with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. All outcomes were sex- and age-standardized. Associations of SCB intake with children's BMI trajectories and body composition were analyzed with multivariable linear mixed and regression models.Results: Results from linear mixed models showed that, after adjustment for confounders including the SCB intake of the child itself, mothers' total SCB intake was positively associated with children's BMI ≤6 y of age [per serving per day: 0.04 SD score (SDS); 95% CI: 0.00, 0.07 SDS]. In addition, intakes of total SCBs and fruit juice, but not of soda or concentrate, were associated with a higher FMI [total SCBs: 0.05 SDS (95% CI: 0.01, 0.08 SDS); fruit juice: 0.04 SDS (95% CI: 0.01, 0.06 SDS)] of the 6-y-old children. These associations remained significant (P < 0.05) after additional adjustment for gestational weight gain, birth weight, and children's insulin concentrations.Conclusion: Our study suggests that maternal SCB intake during pregnancy is positively associated with children's BMI during early childhood and particularly with higher fat mass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Jen
- Generation R Study Group and.,Departments of Epidemiology
| | | | | | | | - Vincent Wv Jaddoe
- Generation R Study Group and.,Departments of Epidemiology.,Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Trudy Voortman
- Generation R Study Group and .,Departments of Epidemiology
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Beverage Consumption Patterns at Age 13 to 17 Years Are Associated with Weight, Height, and Body Mass Index at Age 17 Years. J Acad Nutr Diet 2017; 117:698-706. [PMID: 28259744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) have been associated with obesity in children and adults; however, associations between beverage patterns and obesity are not understood. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to describe beverage patterns during adolescence and associations between adolescent beverage patterns and anthropometric measures at age 17 years. DESIGN We conducted a cross-sectional analyses of longitudinally collected data. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Data from participants in the longitudinal Iowa Fluoride Study having at least one beverage questionnaire completed between ages 13.0 and 14.0 years, having a second questionnaire completed between 16.0 and 17.0 years, and attending clinic examination for weight and height measurements at age 17 years (n=369) were included. EXPOSURE Beverages were collapsed into four categories (ie, 100% juice, milk, water and other sugar-free beverages, and SSBs) for the purpose of clustering. Five beverage clusters were identified from standardized age 13 to 17 years mean daily beverage intakes and named by the authors for the dominant beverage: juice, milk, water/sugar-free beverages, neutral, and SSB. OUTCOMES Weight, height, and body mass index (BMI; calculated as kg/m2) at age 17 years were analyzed. STATISTICAL ANALYSES We used Ward's method for clustering of beverage variables, one-way analysis of variance and χ2 tests for bivariable associations, and γ-regression for associations of weight or BMI (outcomes) with beverage clusters and demographic variables. Linear regression was used for associations of height (outcome) with beverage clusters and demographic variables. RESULTS Participants with family incomes <$60,000 trended shorter (1.5±0.8 cm; P=0.070) and were heavier (2.0±0.7 BMI units; P=0.002) than participants with family incomes ≥$60,000/year. Adjusted mean weight, height, and BMI estimates differed by beverage cluster membership. For example, on average, male and female members of the neutral cluster were 4.5 cm (P=0.010) and 4.2 cm (P=0.034) shorter, respectively, than members of the milk cluster. For members of the juice cluster, mean BMI was lower than for members of the milk cluster (by 2.4 units), water/sugar-free beverage cluster (3.5 units), neutral cluster (2.2 units), and SSB cluster (3.2 units) (all P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Beverage patterns at ages 13 to 17 years were associated with anthropometric measures and BMI at age 17 years in this sample. Beverage patterns might be characteristic of overall food choices and dietary behaviors that influence growth.
Collapse
|
15
|
Braun KV, Erler NS, Kiefte-de Jong JC, Jaddoe VW, van den Hooven EH, Franco OH, Voortman T. Dietary Intake of Protein in Early Childhood Is Associated with Growth Trajectories between 1 and 9 Years of Age. J Nutr 2016; 146:2361-2367. [PMID: 27733529 DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.237164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High protein intake in infancy might lead to a higher body mass index (BMI) in childhood. However, whether these associations differ between different sources of protein is unclear. OBJECTIVE We investigated associations between the intake of total protein, protein from different sources, and individual amino acids in early childhood and repeatedly measured height, weight, and BMI up to the age of 9 y. METHODS This study was performed in 3564 children participating in the Generation R Study, a population-based prospective cohort study in Rotterdam, Netherlands. Intakes of total protein, animal protein, vegetable protein, and individual amino acids (including methionine, arginine, lysine, threonine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, histidine, cysteine, tyrosine, alanine, asparagine, glutamine, glycine, proline, and serine) at 1 y were assessed by using a food-frequency questionnaire. Height and weight were measured at the approximate ages of 14, 18, 24, 30, 36, and 45 mo and at 6 and 9 y, and BMI was calculated. RESULTS After adjustment for confounders, linear mixed models showed that a 10-g higher total protein intake/d at 1 y was significantly associated with a 0.03-SD greater height (95% CI: 0.00, 0.06), a 0.06-SD higher weight (95% CI: 0.03, 0.09), and a 0.05-SD higher BMI (95% CI: 0.03, 0.08) up to the age of 9 y. Associations were stronger for animal than for vegetable protein intake but did not differ between dairy and nondairy animal protein or between specific amino acids. CONCLUSIONS A higher intake of protein, especially animal protein, at 1 y of age was associated with a greater height, weight, and BMI in childhood up to 9 y of age. Future studies should explore the role of growth hormones and investigate whether protein intake in early childhood affects health later in life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim Ve Braun
- The Generation R Study Group and.,Departments of Epidemiology
| | | | | | - Vincent Wv Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group and.,Departments of Epidemiology.,Paediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; and
| | | | | | - Trudy Voortman
- The Generation R Study Group and .,Departments of Epidemiology
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kim H, Han GH, Fu Y, Gam J, Lee SG. Highly Sensitive and Rapid Fluorescence Detection with a Portable FRET Analyzer. J Vis Exp 2016:54144. [PMID: 27768067 PMCID: PMC5092083 DOI: 10.3791/54144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent improvements in Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) sensors have enabled their use to detect various small molecules including ions and amino acids. However, the innate weak signal intensity of FRET sensors is a major challenge that prevents their application in various fields and makes the use of expensive, high-end fluorometers necessary. Previously, we built a cost-effective, high-performance FRET analyzer that can specifically measure the ratio of two emission wavelength bands (530 and 480 nm) to achieve high detection sensitivity. More recently, it was discovered that FRET sensors with bacterial periplasmic binding proteins detect ligands with maximum sensitivity in the critical temperature range of 50 - 55 °C. This report describes a protocol for assessing sugar content in commercially-available beverage samples using our portable FRET analyzer with a temperature-specific FRET sensor. Our results showed that the additional preheating process of the FRET sensor significantly increases the FRET ratio signal, to enable more accurate measurement of sugar content. The custom-made FRET analyzer and sensor were successfully applied to quantify the sugar content in three types of commercial beverages. We anticipate that further size reduction and performance enhancement of the equipment will facilitate the use of hand-held analyzers in environments where high-end equipment is not available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haseong Kim
- Synthetic Biology & Bioengineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology
| | - Gui Hwan Han
- Synthetic Biology & Bioengineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology
| | - Yaoyao Fu
- Synthetic Biology & Bioengineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology
| | - Jongsik Gam
- College of Interdisciplinary & Creative Studies, Konyang University
| | - Seung Goo Lee
- Synthetic Biology & Bioengineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Biosystems and Bioengineering Program, University of Science and Technology;
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Voortman T, Leermakers ETM, Franco OH, Jaddoe VWV, Moll HA, Hofman A, van den Hooven EH, Kiefte-de Jong JC. A priori and a posteriori dietary patterns at the age of 1 year and body composition at the age of 6 years: the Generation R Study. Eur J Epidemiol 2016; 31:775-83. [PMID: 27384175 PMCID: PMC5005385 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-016-0179-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dietary patterns have been linked to obesity in adults, however, not much is known about this association in early childhood. We examined associations of different types of dietary patterns in 1-year-old children with body composition at school age in 2026 children participating in a population-based cohort study. Dietary intake at the age of 1 year was assessed with a food-frequency questionnaire. At the children's age of 6 years we measured their body composition with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and we calculated body mass index, fat mass index (FMI), and fat-free mass index (FFMI). Three dietary pattern approaches were used: (1) An a priori-defined diet quality score; (2) dietary patterns based on variation in food intake, derived from principal-component-analysis (PCA); and (3) dietary patterns based on variations in FMI and FFMI, derived with reduced-rank-regression (RRR). Both the a priori-defined diet score and a 'Health-conscious' PCA-pattern were characterized by a high intake of fruit, vegetables, grains, and vegetable oils, and, after adjustment for confounders, children with higher adherence to these patterns had a higher FFMI at 6 years [0.19 SD (95 % CI 0.08;0.30) per SD increase in diet score], but had no different FMI. One of the two RRR-patterns was also positively associated with FFMI and was characterized by intake of whole grains, pasta and rice, and vegetable oils. Our results suggest that different a priori- and a posteriori-derived health-conscious dietary patterns in early childhood are associated with a higher fat-free mass, but not with fat mass, in later childhood.
Collapse
Grants
- The design of the Generation R Study was made possible with financial support from the Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam; the Erasmus University, Rotterdam; the Dutch Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport; and the Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw).
- The authors TV, ETML, OHF, EHH, and JCKJ work in ErasmusAGE, a research centre funded by Nestlé Nutrition (Nestec Ltd.), Metagenics Inc. and AXA. The funders had no role in design or conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, or interpretation of the data; or preparation, review or approval of the manuscript.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trudy Voortman
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Elisabeth T M Leermakers
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henriette A Moll
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Edith H van den Hooven
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jessica C Kiefte-de Jong
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Leiden University College, The Hague, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Leermakers ETM, Felix JF, Jaddoe VWV, Raat H, Franco OH, Kiefte-de Jong JC. Sugar-containing beverage intake at the age of 1 year and cardiometabolic health at the age of 6 years: the Generation R Study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2015; 12:114. [PMID: 26377916 PMCID: PMC4574223 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-015-0278-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consumption of sugar-containing beverages (SCBs) in adults has been associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome. Although the effect of SCB on body weight in children is well established, little is known about the cardiometabolic effects in young children. We studied the associations of SCB intake at the age of 1 year with cardiometabolic health at age 6 years. METHODS This study was performed among 2,045 Dutch children from a population based prospective birth cohort. SCB intake was assessed with a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire at the age of 13 months and sex-specific tertiles were created. Children visited the research center at the age of 6 years. We created a continuous cardiometabolic risk factor score including: body fat percentage, blood pressure, insulin, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides. Age-and sex-specific standard deviation (SD) scores were created for all outcomes. Multivariable linear regression was performed with adjustment for socio-demographic and lifestyle variables of mother and child. RESULTS In the total population, we observed an association between higher SCB intake at 13 months of age and a higher cardiometabolic risk factor score at the age of 6 years (0.13SD (95 % CI 0.01; 0.25), highest vs. lowest tertile) After stratification by sex, we found that boys in the highest tertile of SCB intake had a higher cardiometabolic risk factor score (0.18 SD (95 % CI 0.01; 0.34)), as compared to boys in the lowest tertile of SCB intake. There was no significant association in girls. We did not find associations of SCB intake with the individual cardiometabolic risk factors in the total population, or in the stratified analyses. CONCLUSION Higher SCB intake at 1 year of age was associated with a higher cardiometabolic risk factor score at age 6 years in boys, but not in girls. Further research on sex-specific effects of SCBs is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth T M Leermakers
- Generation R Study Group, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Rotterdam, room Na 2909, Erasmus MC, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Janine F Felix
- Generation R Study Group, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Rotterdam, room Na 2909, Erasmus MC, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- Generation R Study Group, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Rotterdam, room Na 2909, Erasmus MC, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Hein Raat
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Generation R Study Group, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Rotterdam, room Na 2909, Erasmus MC, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jessica C Kiefte-de Jong
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Rotterdam, room Na 2909, Erasmus MC, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Leiden University College, The Hague, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Braun KVE, Voortman T, Kiefte-de Jong JC, Jaddoe VWV, Hofman A, Franco OH, van den Hooven EH. Dietary Intakes of Folic Acid and Methionine in Early Childhood Are Associated with Body Composition at School Age. J Nutr 2015; 145:2123-9. [PMID: 26203097 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.216283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deficiency of vitamin B-6, vitamin B-12, folate, folic acid, or methionine may lead to dysregulation of DNA methylation, which might lead to disturbed energy and lipid metabolism. OBJECTIVE We aimed to explore whether intakes of vitamin B-6, vitamin B-12, folate, folic acid, and methionine at 1 y are associated with measures of growth and body composition at the age of 6 y. METHODS This study was performed in 2922 children participating in The Generation R Study, a population-based prospective cohort study. Dietary intakes of vitamins B-6 and B-12, folate, folic acid, and methionine were assessed at a median age of 12.9 mo by using a validated food-frequency questionnaire. At the age of 6 y, height and weight were measured, and body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)) was calculated. Body fat was measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and body fat percentage and the ratio of android fat mass to gynoid fat mass (android:gynoid) were calculated. RESULTS In models adjusted for maternal and child characteristics, children with folic acid intakes in the highest tertile had a 0.16 SD score (SDS) lower weight (95% CI: -0.31, -0.02 SDS) and a 0.14 SDS lower BMI (95% CI: -0.26, -0.01 SDS) than children in the lowest tertile. Children with vitamin B-12 intakes in the highest tertile had a 0.13 SDS higher android:gynoid (95% CI: 0.00, 0.25 SDS) than children in the lowest tertile. In addition, children with intakes in the highest tertile of methionine had a 0.09 SDS higher BMI (95% CI: 0.01, 0.17) and a 0.12 SDS higher android:gynoid (95% CI: 0.02, 0.22) than children in the lowest tertile. Vitamin B-6 and folate intakes were not associated with any of the body composition outcomes measured. CONCLUSIONS In this population of children, early high folic acid intakes were associated with a lower body weight and BMI at the age of 6 y. In contrast, early higher methionine intakes were associated with unfavorable body composition at the age of 6 y. Future studies should investigate long-term consequences of these outcomes on health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim V E Braun
- Departments of Epidemiology and Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Trudy Voortman
- The Generation R Study Group, Departments of Epidemiology and
| | | | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Departments of Epidemiology and Paediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; and
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|