1
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Jouret G, Egloff M, Landais E, Tassy O, Giuliano F, Karmous-Benailly H, Coutton C, Satre V, Devillard F, Dieterich K, Vieville G, Kuentz P, le Caignec C, Beneteau C, Isidor B, Nizon M, Callier P, Marquet V, Bieth E, Lévy J, Tabet AC, Lyonnet S, Baujat G, Rio M, Cartault F, Scheidecker S, Gouronc A, Schalk A, Jacquin C, Spodenkiewicz M, Angélini C, Pennamen P, Rooryck C, Doco-Fenzy M, Poirsier C. Clinical and genomic delineation of the new proximal 19p13.3 microduplication syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:52-63. [PMID: 36196855 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A small but growing body of scientific literature is emerging about clinical findings in patients with 19p13.3 microdeletion or duplication. Recently, a proximal 19p13.3 microduplication syndrome was described, associated with growth delay, microcephaly, psychomotor delay and dysmorphic features. The aim of our study was to better characterize the syndrome associated with duplications in the proximal 19p13.3 region (prox 19p13.3 dup), and to propose a comprehensive analysis of the underlying genomic mechanism. We report the largest cohort of patients with prox 19p13.3 dup through a collaborative study. We collected 24 new patients with terminal or interstitial 19p13.3 duplication characterized by array-based Comparative Genomic Hybridization (aCGH). We performed mapping, phenotype-genotype correlations analysis, critical region delineation and explored three-dimensional chromatin interactions by analyzing Topologically Associating Domains (TADs). We define a new 377 kb critical region (CR 1) in chr19: 3,116,922-3,494,377, GRCh37, different from the previously described critical region (CR 2). The new 377 kb CR 1 includes a TAD boundary and two enhancers whose common target is PIAS4. We hypothesize that duplications of CR 1 are responsible for tridimensional structural abnormalities by TAD disruption and misregulation of genes essentials for the control of head circumference during development, by breaking down the interactions between enhancers and the corresponding targeted gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Jouret
- Department of Genetics, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France.,National Center of Genetics (NCG), Laboratoire national de santé (LNS), Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Matthieu Egloff
- Department of Genetics, Necker-Enfants malades, AP-HP, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Emilie Landais
- Department of Genetics, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France
| | | | | | | | - Charles Coutton
- Service de Génétique et Procréation, Hôpital Couple-Enfant, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Université Grenoble-Alpes, La Tronche, France.,ACLF (Association des Cytogénéticiens de Langue Française, French Society of Cytogenetics) Member, Grenoble cedex, France
| | - Véronique Satre
- Service de Génétique et Procréation, Hôpital Couple-Enfant, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Université Grenoble-Alpes, La Tronche, France
| | - Françoise Devillard
- Service de Génétique et Procréation, Hôpital Couple-Enfant, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Université Grenoble-Alpes, La Tronche, France
| | - Klaus Dieterich
- Service de Génétique et Procréation, Hôpital Couple-Enfant, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Université Grenoble-Alpes, La Tronche, France
| | - Gaëlle Vieville
- Service de Génétique et Procréation, Hôpital Couple-Enfant, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Université Grenoble-Alpes, La Tronche, France
| | - Paul Kuentz
- Génétique Biologique, PCBio, Besançon University Hospital, Besançon, France
| | - Cédric le Caignec
- ACLF (Association des Cytogénéticiens de Langue Française, French Society of Cytogenetics) Member, Grenoble cedex, France.,Department of Genetics, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Claire Beneteau
- Department of Genetics, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Bertrand Isidor
- Department of Genetics, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Mathilde Nizon
- Department of Genetics, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Patrick Callier
- ACLF (Association des Cytogénéticiens de Langue Française, French Society of Cytogenetics) Member, Grenoble cedex, France.,Department of Genetics, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Valentine Marquet
- ACLF (Association des Cytogénéticiens de Langue Française, French Society of Cytogenetics) Member, Grenoble cedex, France.,Department of Genetics, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - Eric Bieth
- Department of Genetics, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Jonathan Lévy
- Department of Genetics, Robert-Debré University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Claude Tabet
- Department of Genetics, Robert-Debré University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Stanislas Lyonnet
- Department of Genetics, Necker-Enfants malades, AP-HP, Institut Imagine, Paris, France.,INSERM U-1163, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Geneviève Baujat
- Department of Genetics, Necker-Enfants malades, AP-HP, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Marlène Rio
- Department of Genetics, Necker-Enfants malades, AP-HP, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - François Cartault
- Department of Genetics, La Réunion University Hospital, Saint Denis, France
| | | | | | | | - Clémence Jacquin
- Department of Genetics, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France
| | | | - Chloé Angélini
- CHU Bordeaux, Service de Génétique Médicale, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | - Martine Doco-Fenzy
- Department of Genetics, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France.,ACLF (Association des Cytogénéticiens de Langue Française, French Society of Cytogenetics) Member, Grenoble cedex, France.,EA3801, SFR CAPSANTE, Reims, France
| | - Céline Poirsier
- Department of Genetics, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France
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2
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Abstract
Almost 25 years have passed since a mutation of a formin gene, DIAPH1, was identified as being responsible for a human inherited disorder: a form of sensorineural hearing loss. Since then, our knowledge of the links between formins and disease has deepened considerably. Mutations of DIAPH1 and six other formin genes (DAAM2, DIAPH2, DIAPH3, FMN2, INF2 and FHOD3) have been identified as the genetic cause of a variety of inherited human disorders, including intellectual disability, renal disease, peripheral neuropathy, thrombocytopenia, primary ovarian insufficiency, hearing loss and cardiomyopathy. In addition, alterations in formin genes have been associated with a variety of pathological conditions, including developmental defects affecting the heart, nervous system and kidney, aging-related diseases, and cancer. This review summarizes the most recent discoveries about the involvement of formin alterations in monogenic disorders and other human pathological conditions, especially cancer, with which they have been associated. In vitro results and experiments in modified animal models are discussed. Finally, we outline the directions for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel A. Alonso
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
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3
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Martínez Anaya D, Fernández Hernández L, González Del Angel A, Alcántara Ortigoza MA, Ulloa Avilés V, Pérez Vera P. Nonmosaic Trisomy 19p13.3p13.2 Resulting from a Rare Unbalanced t(Y;19)(q12;p13.2) Translocation in a Patient with Pachygyria and Polymicrogyria. Cytogenet Genome Res 2020; 160:177-184. [PMID: 32369810 DOI: 10.1159/000507561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonmosaic trisomy involving 19p13.3p13.2 is a very uncommon abnormality. At present, only 12 cases with this genetic condition have been reported in the literature. However, the size of the trisomic fragment is heterogeneous and thus, the clinical spectrum is variable. Herein, we report the clinical and cytogenetic characterization of a 5-year-old boy with nonmosaic trisomy 19p13.3p13.2 (7.38 Mb), generated by a derivative Y chromosome resulting from a de novo unbalanced translocation t(Y;19)(q12;p13.2). We demonstrated the integrity of the euchromatic regions in the abnormal Y chromosome to confirm the pure trisomy 19p. Our patient shares some clinical features described in other reported patients with pure trisomy 19p, such as craniofacial anomalies, developmental delay, and heart defects. Different to previous reports, our case exhibits frontal pachygyria and polymicrogyria. These additional features contribute to further delineate the clinical spectrum of trisomy 19p13.3p13.2.
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Ramos LLP, Monteiro FP, Sampaio LPB, Costa LA, Ribeiro MDO, Freitas EL, Kitajima JP, Kok F. Heterozygous loss of function of NR4A2 is associated with intellectual deficiency, rolandic epilepsy, and language impairment. Clin Case Rep 2019; 7:1582-1584. [PMID: 31428396 PMCID: PMC6693049 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.2260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognition of a de novo mutation in NR4A2 associated with a neurodevelopmental phenotype reinforces its role in 2q23q24 microdeletion syndrome. Using the proband WES data and the probability of loss-of-function intolerance index (pLi) set at 1.0 (highest intolerance constraint), we could target NR4A2 as the candidate gene in this patient.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fernando Kok
- Mendelics Genomic AnalysisSao PauloBrazil
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Sao Paulo School of MedicineSao PauloBrazil
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5
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Multiple roles of the actin and microtubule-regulating formins in the developing brain. Neurosci Res 2019; 138:59-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Novikova I, Sen P, Manzardo A, Butler MG. Duplication of 19p13.3 in 11-Year-Old Male Patient with Dysmorphic Features and Intellectual Disability: A Review. J Pediatr Genet 2017; 6:227-233. [PMID: 29142765 PMCID: PMC5683958 DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1603650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We present a clinical report of an 11-year-old male patient with an interstitial duplication of 19p13.3 (829 kb in size) at genomic coordinates 3,804,495-4,033,722 bp (hg19) identified by chromosomal microarray analysis and review the literature from nine published reports adding knowledge regarding this chromosomal anomaly and clinical outcomes. The size of the duplication ranged from 0.83 to 8.9 Mb in the nine individuals. The young boy in our report was dysmorphic with microcephaly, abnormal craniofacial features, intellectual disability, aggression, and a heart murmur. All patients were found to have a psychomotor developmental delay and/or intellectual disability with the majority having microcephaly, intrauterine growth retardation, and hypotonia. Common craniofacial findings included a tall, prominent forehead, an elongated face, epicanthal folds, hypertelorism, prominent low-set ears, philtrum anomaly, and a small mouth. Other less common features included abnormal digits, sparse hair, and cardiac defects. Clinical features, chromosome duplication sizes, locations, and the number of genes will be summarized in a tabular form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Novikova
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
| | - Paushpala Sen
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
| | - Ann Manzardo
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
| | - Merlin G. Butler
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
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7
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Šumanović-Glamuzina D, Lozić B, Iwanowski PS, Zemunik T, Bilinovac Z, Stasiewicz-Jarocka B, Panasiuk B, Midro AT. Limited survivability of unbalanced progeny of carriers of a unique t(4;19)(p15.32;p13.3): a study in multiple generations. Mol Cytogenet 2017; 10:29. [PMID: 28785312 PMCID: PMC5545035 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-017-0330-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Carriership of a reciprocal chromosomal translocation (RCT) involving the short arm of chromosome 4 (4p) may result in birth of a child with Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) due to monosomy 4p, a priori modified by the impact of the partner chromosome imbalance. Familial transmission studies of RCT enable obtaining empirical risk figures that are essential for genetic counseling. In this study, pedigree data from carriers of a unique t(4;19)(p15.32;p13.3), ascertained by two children with WHS phenotype, were collected through five generations and empirical risk for different pregnancy outcomes was assessed. In addition, the phenotype-karyotype correlation was studied in two unbalanced children against the phenotypes of children (literature data) with pure monosomy 4p15.32 → pter and pure trisomy 19p13.3 → pter, accordingly. The phenotype analysis was conducted using the catalogue of traits according to the Munich Dysmorphology Database. Pedigree segregation analysis was conducted by the direct method according to Stengel- Rutkowski et al. Results A double segment imbalance, trisomy 19p13.3 → pter with monosomy 4p15.32 → pter, was diagnosed in WHS progeny at birth. No essential modification of WHS phenotype by the additional trisomy 19p was observed, except for a limited survivability (death in infancy). Pedigree segregation analysis covered 39 relatives showed the probability rate for liveborn with unbalanced karyotype of 3.7 ± 3.6% (1/27), for stillbirth/neonatal death at 7.4 ± 5.0% (2/27), for miscarriage at 22.2 ± 8.0% (6/27), for the chance of having a baby without unbalanced karyotype was estimated at 66.7 ± 9.1% (18/27). In addition, the value of 7.4% for genetic counseling for any carrier of RCT at risk for single segment 19p13.3 → pter imbalance at birth was evaluated as such value have not been estimated so far. Conclusion Carriership of a t(4;19)(p15.32;p13.3) is at low risk for an unbalanced child at birth and for stillbirth/neonatal death but high for miscarriages. The chance of having a baby without unbalanced karyotype was estimated to be high. Monosomy 4p15.32 → pter together with trisomy 19p13.3 → pter as a double segment imbalance in children with WHS may be connected with a limited survivability in infancy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13039-017-0330-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernarda Lozić
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Centre Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Piotr S Iwanowski
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona St. 13, PO Box 22, 15-089 Białystok, Poland
| | - Tatijana Zemunik
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine Split, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Zeljka Bilinovac
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Beata Stasiewicz-Jarocka
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona St. 13, PO Box 22, 15-089 Białystok, Poland
| | - Barbara Panasiuk
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona St. 13, PO Box 22, 15-089 Białystok, Poland
| | - Alina T Midro
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona St. 13, PO Box 22, 15-089 Białystok, Poland
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8
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Two familial intrachromosomal insertions with maternal dup(6)(p22.3p25.3) or dup(2)(q24.2q32.1) in recombinant offspring. Clin Dysmorphol 2017; 26:209-216. [PMID: 28737552 DOI: 10.1097/mcd.0000000000000191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we describe two patients with a recombinant chromosome secondary to a maternal intrachromosomal insertion. Patient 1 was a girl with dup(6)(p22.3p25.3). Patient 2 was a boy with dup(2)(q24.2q32.1). Both familial rearrangements were characterized by means of GTG-bands, fluorescence in-situ hybridization, and comparative genomic hybridization microarray analyses. Patient 1 had an ∼23 Mb gain that involved the bands 6p22.3-6p25.3. Patient 2 had an ∼23 Mb gain (cytobands 2q24.2-2q32.1) and a further ∼1.9 Mb gain of 2p16.2-p16.3. The phenotype of each patient was in agreement with the typical 6p duplication or 2q24.2q32.1 duplication syndrome. The compound macular lesion in patient 1 suggests that retinal anomalies may be a part of the 6p trisomy phenotype. Among the 70 intrachromosomal insertions compiled here (including 68 from the literature), four were submicroscopic unbalanced insertions inherited from a balanced carrier and 66 were detectable on banded chromosomes (with or without array comparative genomic hybridization or other high-resolution assessment) and therefore spanned at least 5 Mb. Pericentric insertions are found in most chromosomes, whereas the paracentric ones are mainly observed in large and medium chromosome arms. That the former outnumber the latter in almost a 2 : 1 ratio appears to be related to the technique of diagnosis, size of the insertion, and size of the involved chromosome. Regardless of the apparent excess of carrier mothers, carriers of an intrachromosomal insertion beget almost twice as many children with a duplication than with a deletion.
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9
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Shimojima K, Okamoto N, Yamamoto T. Possible genes responsible for developmental delay observed in patients with rare 2q23q24 microdeletion syndrome: Literature review and description of an additional patient. Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 2017; 57:109-113. [PMID: 27957763 DOI: 10.1111/cga.12205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cases of 2q23q24 microdeletion syndrome are rare. Patients with chromosomal deletions in this region often show language impairment and/or developmental delay of variable severity. Previous genotype-phenotype correlation study suggested GALNT13 and KCNJ3 as possible candidate genes for such phenotypes. We identified a new overlapping deletion in a patient with severe developmental delay. The identified deletion extended toward the distal 2q24.1 region, and more severe phenotypes in the present patient were considered to be related to the additionally deleted genes including NR4A2 and GPD2. Previously reported chromosomal translocation and the mutation identified in GPD2 suggested that this gene would be responsible for the developmental delay. Re-evaluation for the critical region for behavior abnormalities commonly observed in the patients with overlapping deletions of this region suggested that KCNJ3 rather than GALNT13 may be responsible for abnormal behaviors, although there was phenotypic variability. Combinatory deletions involving KCNJ3 and GPD2 may lead to more severe developmental delay. Further studies would be necessary to establish clearer genotype-phenotype correlation in patients with 2q23q24 microdeletion syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Shimojima
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.,Tokyo Women's Medical University Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Okamoto
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yamamoto
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.,Tokyo Women's Medical University Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Reuter MS, Krumbiegel M, Schlüter G, Ekici AB, Reis A, Zweier C. Haploinsufficiency of NR4A2 is associated with a neurodevelopmental phenotype with prominent language impairment. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:2231-2234. [PMID: 28544326 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Non-recurrent deletions in 2q24.1, minimally overlapping two genes, NR4A2 and GPD2, were recently described in individuals with language impairment and behavioral and cognitive symptoms. We herewith report on a female patient with a similar phenotype of severe language and mild cognitive impairment, in whom we identified a de novo deletion covering only NR4A2. NR4A2 encodes a transcription factor highly expressed in brain regions critical for speech and language and implicated in dopaminergic neuronal development. Our findings of a de novo deletion of NR4A2 in an individual with mild intellectual disability and prominent speech and language impairment provides further evidence for NR4A2 haploinsufficiency being causative for neurodevelopmental and particularly language phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam S Reuter
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mandy Krumbiegel
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gregor Schlüter
- MVZ Prenatal Medicine, Gynecology and Genetics, Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - André Reis
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christiane Zweier
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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11
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Malbin J, Fallah MS, Sharifi Z, Shafaei M, Bagherian H, Mostafaei TP, Aliev R, Zainal S. Cryptic de novo deletion at 2q23.3-q24.1 in a patient with intellectual disability. J Genet 2016; 95:441-5. [PMID: 27350689 DOI: 10.1007/s12041-016-0630-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamileh Malbin
- Azerbaijan National Academy of Science (ANAS), Genetic Resources Institute, Baku AZ1005, Azerbaijan.
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12
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Wang Q, Amato SP, Rubitski DM, Hayward MM, Kormos BL, Verhoest PR, Xu L, Brandon NJ, Ehlers MD. Identification of Phosphorylation Consensus Sequences and Endogenous Neuronal Substrates of the Psychiatric Risk Kinase TNIK. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2015; 356:410-23. [PMID: 26645429 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.229880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Traf2- and Nck-interacting kinase (TNIK) is a serine/threonine kinase highly expressed in the brain and enriched in the postsynaptic density of glutamatergic synapses in the mammalian brain. Accumulating genetic evidence and functional data have implicated TNIK as a risk factor for psychiatric disorders. However, the endogenous substrates of TNIK in neurons are unknown. Here, we describe a novel selective small molecule inhibitor of the TNIK kinase family. Using this inhibitor, we report the identification of endogenous neuronal TNIK substrates by immunoprecipitation with a phosphomotif antibody followed by mass spectrometry. Phosphorylation consensus sequences were defined by phosphopeptide sequence analysis. Among the identified substrates were members of the delta-catenin family including p120-catenin, δ-catenin, and armadillo repeat gene deleted in velo-cardio-facial syndrome (ARVCF), each of which is linked to psychiatric or neurologic disorders. Using p120-catenin as a representative substrate, we show TNIK-induced p120-catenin phosphorylation in cells requires intact kinase activity and phosphorylation of TNIK at T181 and T187 in the activation loop. Addition of the small molecule TNIK inhibitor or knocking down TNIK by two shRNAs reduced endogenous p120-catenin phosphorylation in cells. Together, using a TNIK inhibitor and phosphomotif antibody, we identify endogenous substrates of TNIK in neurons, define consensus sequences for TNIK, and suggest signaling pathways by which TNIK influences synaptic development and function linked to psychiatric and neurologic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Neuroscience & Pain Research Unit, BioTherapeutics Research and Development, Pfizer Inc. Cambridge, Massachusetts (Q.W., S.P.A., D.M.R., N.J.B., M.D.E.); Center of Chemistry Innovation and Excellence, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut (M.M.H.); Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (B.L.K., P.R.V.);and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts (L.X.)
| | - Stephen P Amato
- Neuroscience & Pain Research Unit, BioTherapeutics Research and Development, Pfizer Inc. Cambridge, Massachusetts (Q.W., S.P.A., D.M.R., N.J.B., M.D.E.); Center of Chemistry Innovation and Excellence, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut (M.M.H.); Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (B.L.K., P.R.V.);and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts (L.X.)
| | - David M Rubitski
- Neuroscience & Pain Research Unit, BioTherapeutics Research and Development, Pfizer Inc. Cambridge, Massachusetts (Q.W., S.P.A., D.M.R., N.J.B., M.D.E.); Center of Chemistry Innovation and Excellence, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut (M.M.H.); Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (B.L.K., P.R.V.);and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts (L.X.)
| | - Matthew M Hayward
- Neuroscience & Pain Research Unit, BioTherapeutics Research and Development, Pfizer Inc. Cambridge, Massachusetts (Q.W., S.P.A., D.M.R., N.J.B., M.D.E.); Center of Chemistry Innovation and Excellence, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut (M.M.H.); Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (B.L.K., P.R.V.);and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts (L.X.)
| | - Bethany L Kormos
- Neuroscience & Pain Research Unit, BioTherapeutics Research and Development, Pfizer Inc. Cambridge, Massachusetts (Q.W., S.P.A., D.M.R., N.J.B., M.D.E.); Center of Chemistry Innovation and Excellence, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut (M.M.H.); Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (B.L.K., P.R.V.);and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts (L.X.)
| | - Patrick R Verhoest
- Neuroscience & Pain Research Unit, BioTherapeutics Research and Development, Pfizer Inc. Cambridge, Massachusetts (Q.W., S.P.A., D.M.R., N.J.B., M.D.E.); Center of Chemistry Innovation and Excellence, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut (M.M.H.); Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (B.L.K., P.R.V.);and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts (L.X.)
| | - Lan Xu
- Neuroscience & Pain Research Unit, BioTherapeutics Research and Development, Pfizer Inc. Cambridge, Massachusetts (Q.W., S.P.A., D.M.R., N.J.B., M.D.E.); Center of Chemistry Innovation and Excellence, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut (M.M.H.); Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (B.L.K., P.R.V.);and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts (L.X.)
| | - Nicholas J Brandon
- Neuroscience & Pain Research Unit, BioTherapeutics Research and Development, Pfizer Inc. Cambridge, Massachusetts (Q.W., S.P.A., D.M.R., N.J.B., M.D.E.); Center of Chemistry Innovation and Excellence, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut (M.M.H.); Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (B.L.K., P.R.V.);and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts (L.X.)
| | - Michael D Ehlers
- Neuroscience & Pain Research Unit, BioTherapeutics Research and Development, Pfizer Inc. Cambridge, Massachusetts (Q.W., S.P.A., D.M.R., N.J.B., M.D.E.); Center of Chemistry Innovation and Excellence, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut (M.M.H.); Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (B.L.K., P.R.V.);and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts (L.X.)
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Daimon CM, Jasien JM, Wood WH, Zhang Y, Becker KG, Silverman JL, Crawley JN, Martin B, Maudsley S. Hippocampal Transcriptomic and Proteomic Alterations in the BTBR Mouse Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Physiol 2015; 6:324. [PMID: 26635614 PMCID: PMC4656818 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are complex heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorders of an unclear etiology, and no cure currently exists. Prior studies have demonstrated that the black and tan, brachyury (BTBR) T+ Itpr3tf/J mouse strain displays a behavioral phenotype with ASD-like features. BTBR T+ Itpr3tf/J mice (referred to simply as BTBR) display deficits in social functioning, lack of communication ability, and engagement in stereotyped behavior. Despite extensive behavioral phenotypic characterization, little is known about the genes and proteins responsible for the presentation of the ASD-like phenotype in the BTBR mouse model. In this study, we employed bioinformatics techniques to gain a wide-scale understanding of the transcriptomic and proteomic changes associated with the ASD-like phenotype in BTBR mice. We found a number of genes and proteins to be significantly altered in BTBR mice compared to C57BL/6J (B6) control mice controls such as BDNF, Shank3, and ERK1, which are highly relevant to prior investigations of ASD. Furthermore, we identified distinct functional pathways altered in BTBR mice compared to B6 controls that have been previously shown to be altered in both mouse models of ASD, some human clinical populations, and have been suggested as a possible etiological mechanism of ASD, including “axon guidance” and “regulation of actin cytoskeleton.” In addition, our wide-scale bioinformatics approach also discovered several previously unidentified genes and proteins associated with the ASD phenotype in BTBR mice, such as Caskin1, suggesting that bioinformatics could be an avenue by which novel therapeutic targets for ASD are uncovered. As a result, we believe that informed use of synergistic bioinformatics applications represents an invaluable tool for elucidating the etiology of complex disorders like ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin M Daimon
- Metabolism Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joan M Jasien
- Metabolism Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - William H Wood
- Gene Expression and Genomics Unit, National Institutes of Health Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- Gene Expression and Genomics Unit, National Institutes of Health Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kevin G Becker
- Gene Expression and Genomics Unit, National Institutes of Health Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jill L Silverman
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health Bethesda, MD, USA ; MIND Institute, University of California Davis School of Medicine Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jacqueline N Crawley
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health Bethesda, MD, USA ; MIND Institute, University of California Davis School of Medicine Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Bronwen Martin
- Metabolism Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stuart Maudsley
- Receptor Pharmacology Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health Baltimore, MD, USA ; Translational Neurobiology Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp Antwerp, Belgium ; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp Antwerpen, Belgium
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14
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The structure of FMNL2-Cdc42 yields insights into the mechanism of lamellipodia and filopodia formation. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7088. [PMID: 25963737 PMCID: PMC4432619 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Formins are actin polymerization factors that elongate unbranched actin filaments at the barbed end. Rho family GTPases activate Diaphanous-related formins through the relief of an autoregulatory interaction. The crystal structures of the N-terminal domains of human FMNL1 and FMNL2 in complex with active Cdc42 show that Cdc42 mediates contacts with all five armadillo repeats of the formin with specific interactions formed by the Rho-GTPase insert helix. Mutation of three residues within Rac1 results in a gain-of-function mutation for FMNL2 binding and reconstitution of the Cdc42 phenotype in vivo. Dimerization of FMNL1 through a parallel coiled coil segment leads to formation of an umbrella-shaped structure that—together with Cdc42—spans more than 15 nm in diameter. The two interacting FMNL–Cdc42 heterodimers expose six membrane interaction motifs on a convex protein surface, the assembly of which may facilitate actin filament elongation at the leading edge of lamellipodia and filopodia. FMNL formins polymerize actin filaments to generate cellular protrusions such as lamellipodia and filopodia at the leading edge of a cell. Here the authors provide detailed mechanistic insights into the formation of actin-based protrusions through GTPase dependent activation and membrane localization of FMNL1 and FMNL2.
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15
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Milani D, Sabatini C, Manzoni FMP, Ajmone PF, Rigamonti C, Malacarne M, Pierluigi M, Cavani S, Costantino MA. Microdeletion 2q23.3q24.1: exploring genotype-phenotype correlations. Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 2015; 55:107-11. [PMID: 25174267 DOI: 10.1111/cga.12080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of a 13-year-old girl with a 5.4 Mb de novo deletion, encompassing bands 2q23.3q24.1, identified by array-comparative genomic hybridization. She presented with minor facial and digital anomalies, mild developmental delay during infancy, and behavioral disorders. Few of the reported cases overlap this deletion and all only partially. We tried to compare the clinical features of the patient with the other cases, even though not all of them were molecularly characterized in detail. Considering the neuropsychiatric involvement of the proband and the clinical descriptions of other similar cases, we attempted to identify the genes more probably involved in neurological development and function in the deleted region, particularly GALNT13, KCNJ3 and NR4A2, which are expressed in neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Milani
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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16
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Orellana C, Roselló M, Monfort S, Mayo S, Oltra S, Martínez F. Pure duplication of 19p13.3 in three members of a family with intellectual disability and literature review. Definition of a new microduplication syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167:1614-20. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Orellana
- Unidad de Genética y Diagnóstico Prenatal; Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe; Valencia Spain
| | - Mónica Roselló
- Unidad de Genética y Diagnóstico Prenatal; Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe; Valencia Spain
| | - Sandra Monfort
- Unidad de Genética y Diagnóstico Prenatal; Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe; Valencia Spain
| | - Sonia Mayo
- Unidad de Genética y Diagnóstico Prenatal; Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe; Valencia Spain
| | - Silvestre Oltra
- Unidad de Genética y Diagnóstico Prenatal; Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe; Valencia Spain
| | - Francisco Martínez
- Unidad de Genética y Diagnóstico Prenatal; Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe; Valencia Spain
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17
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Tassano E, De Santis LR, Corona MF, Parmigiani S, Zanetti D, Porta S, Gimelli G, Cuoco C. Concomitant deletion of chromosome 16p13.11 and triplication of chromosome 19p13.3 in a child with developmental disorders, intellectual disability, and epilepsy. Mol Cytogenet 2015; 8:9. [PMID: 25705258 PMCID: PMC4335438 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-015-0115-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Rare copy number variations (CNVs) are today recognized as an important cause of various neurodevelopmental disorders, including mental retardation and epilepsy. In some cases, a second CNV may contribute to a more severe clinical presentation. Results Here we describe a patient with epilepsy, mental retardation, developmental disorders, and dysmorphic features, who inherited a deletion of 16p13.11 and a triplication of 19p13.3 from his father and mother, respectively. The mother presented mild mental retardation and language delay too. Conclusions We discuss the phenotypic consequences of the two CNVs and suggest that their synergistic effect is likely responsible for the complicated clinical features observed in our patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Tassano
- Laboratorio di Citogenetica, Istituto G.Gaslini, L.go G.Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Dalila Zanetti
- SSD Genetica Medica, Ospedale S. Andrea, La Spezia, Italy
| | - Simona Porta
- Laboratorio di Citogenetica, Istituto G.Gaslini, L.go G.Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gimelli
- Laboratorio di Citogenetica, Istituto G.Gaslini, L.go G.Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Cristina Cuoco
- Laboratorio di Citogenetica, Istituto G.Gaslini, L.go G.Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy
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18
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Kumar R, Corbett MA, Smith NJC, Jolly LA, Tan C, Keating DJ, Duffield MD, Utsumi T, Moriya K, Smith KR, Hoischen A, Abbott K, Harbord MG, Compton AG, Woenig JA, Arts P, Kwint M, Wieskamp N, Gijsen S, Veltman JA, Bahlo M, Gleeson JG, Haan E, Gecz J. Homozygous mutation of STXBP5L explains an autosomal recessive infantile-onset neurodegenerative disorder. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 24:2000-10. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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19
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Abstract
Formin proteins were recognized as effectors of Rho GTPases some 15 years ago. They contribute to different cellular actin cytoskeleton structures by their ability to polymerize straight actin filaments at the barbed end. While not all formins necessarily interact with Rho GTPases, a subgroup of mammalian formins, termed Diaphanous-related formins or DRFs, were shown to be activated by small GTPases of the Rho superfamily. DRFs are autoinhibited in the resting state by an N- to C-terminal interaction that renders the central actin polymerization domain inactive. Upon the interaction with a GTP-bound Rho, Rac, or Cdc42 GTPase, the C-terminal autoregulation domain is displaced from its N-terminal recognition site and the formin becomes active to polymerize actin filaments. In this review we discuss the current knowledge on the structure, activation, and function of formin-GTPase interactions for the mammalian formin families Dia, Daam, FMNL, and FHOD. We describe both direct and indirect interactions of formins with GTPases, which lead to formin activation and cytoskeletal rearrangements. The multifaceted function of formins as effector proteins of Rho GTPases thus reflects the diversity of the actin cytoskeleton in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Kühn
- Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (caesar); Group Physical Biochemistry; Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Geyer
- Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (caesar); Group Physical Biochemistry; Bonn, Germany
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20
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Idiopathic central precocious puberty associated with 11 mb de novo distal deletion of the chromosome 9 short arm. Case Rep Genet 2013; 2013:978087. [PMID: 23984122 PMCID: PMC3747469 DOI: 10.1155/2013/978087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a girl with a de novo distal deletion of 9p affected by idiopathic central precocious puberty and intellectual disability. Genome-wide array-CGH revealed a terminal deletion of about 11 Mb, allowing to define her karyotype as 46; XX, del(9)(p23-pter). To our knowledge, this is the second reported case of precocious puberty associated with 9p distal deletion. A third case associates precocious puberty with a more proximal 9p deletion del(9)(p12p13,3). In our case, more than 40 genes were encompassed in the deleted region, among which, DMRT1 which is gonad-specific and has a sexually dimorphic expression pattern and ERMP1 which is required in rats for the organization of somatic cells and oocytes into discrete follicular structures. Although we cannot exclude that precocious puberty in our del(9p) patient is a coincidental finding, the report of the other two patients with 9p deletions and precocious puberty indeed suggests a causative relationship.
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Ishikawa A, Enomoto K, Tominaga M, Saito T, Nagai JI, Furuya N, Ueno K, Ueda H, Masuno M, Kurosawa K. Pure duplication of 19p13.3. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 161A:2300-4. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aki Ishikawa
- Division of Medical Genetics; Kanagawa Children's Medical Center; Yokohama Japan
| | - Keisuke Enomoto
- Division of Medical Genetics; Kanagawa Children's Medical Center; Yokohama Japan
| | - Makiko Tominaga
- Division of Medical Genetics; Kanagawa Children's Medical Center; Yokohama Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Saito
- Department of Clinical Laboratory; Kanagawa Children's Medical Center; Yokohama Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Nagai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory; Kanagawa Children's Medical Center; Yokohama Japan
| | - Noritaka Furuya
- Division of Medical Genetics; Kanagawa Children's Medical Center; Yokohama Japan
| | - Kentaro Ueno
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology; Kanagawa Children's Medical Center; Yokohama Japan
| | - Hideaki Ueda
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology; Kanagawa Children's Medical Center; Yokohama Japan
| | - Mitsuo Masuno
- Genetic Counseling Program, Graduate School of Health and Welfare; Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare; Kurashiki Japan
| | - Kenji Kurosawa
- Division of Medical Genetics; Kanagawa Children's Medical Center; Yokohama Japan
- Institute for Clinical Research; Kanagawa Children's Medical Center; Yokohama Japan
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22
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Manolakos E, Vetro A, Papadopoulou E, Kefalas K, Lagou M, Thomaidis L, Peitsidis P, Sifakis S, Divane A, Ziegler M, Liehr T, Zuffardi O, Papoulidis I. Partial trisomy 2p and partial monosomy 2q arising from a paternal intrachromosomal 2q-into-2p between-arm insertion and paracentric inversion: molecular cytogenetic characterization of a four-break rearrangement. Cytogenet Genome Res 2013; 140:12-20. [PMID: 23652918 DOI: 10.1159/000350868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on a 26-month-old boy with an interstitial duplication of 2p22.3p22.2 and an interstitial deletion of 2q14.1q21.2. The abnormality was derived from his father having a balanced paracentric inversion and pericentric insertion. The deletion in the child was identified by cytogenetic analysis and characterized in more detail by molecular cytogenetics and array comparative genomic hybridization. The latter revealed a 20-Mb deletion in the long arm and a 5.6-Mb duplication in the short arm of chromosome 2. Fluorescence in situ hybridization in paternal chromosomes characterized an intrachromosomal insertion of 2q14.1q21.2 into 2p23; additionally a paracentric inversion of 2p13p23 was observed. The boy with the unbalanced karyotype suffered from severe psychomotor retardation, thrombophilia due to protein C deficiency, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and also had phenotypic abnormalities. Most of these features have previously been described in individuals with interstitial deletion of 2q14.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Manolakos
- Eurogenetica S.A., Laboratory of Genetics, Athens-Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Gervasini C, Picinelli C, Azzollini J, Rusconi D, Masciadri M, Cereda A, Marzocchi C, Zampino G, Selicorni A, Tenconi R, Russo S, Larizza L, Finelli P. Genomic imbalances in patients with a clinical presentation in the spectrum of Cornelia de Lange syndrome. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2013; 14:41. [PMID: 23551878 PMCID: PMC3626829 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-14-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a rare autosomal-dominant disorder characterised by facial dysmorphism, growth and psychomotor developmental delay and skeletal defects. To date, causative mutations in the NIPBL (cohesin regulator) and SMC1A (cohesin structural subunit) genes account for > 50% and 6% of cases, respectively. Methods We recruited 50 patients with a CdLS clinical diagnosis or with features that overlap with CdLS, who were negative for mutations at NIPBL and SMC1A at molecular screening. Chromosomal rearrangements accounting for the clinical diagnosis were screened for using array Comparative Genomic Hybridisation (aCGH). Results Four patients were shown to carry imbalances considered to be candidates for having pathogenic roles in their clinical phenotypes: patient 1 had a 4.2 Mb de novo deletion at chromosome 20q11.2-q12; patient 2 had a 4.8 Mb deletion at chromosome 1p36.23-36.22; patient 3 carried an unbalanced translocation, t(7;17), with a 14 Mb duplication of chromosome 17q24.2-25.3 and a 769 Kb deletion at chromosome 7p22.3; patient 4 had an 880 Kb duplication of chromosome 19p13.3, for which his mother, who had a mild phenotype, was also shown to be a mosaic. Conclusions Notwithstanding the variability in size and gene content of the rearrangements comprising the four different imbalances, they all map to regions containing genes encoding factors involved in cell cycle progression or genome stability. These functional similarities, also exhibited by the known CdLS genes, may explain the phenotypic overlap between the patients included in this study and CdLS. Our findings point to the complexity of the clinical diagnosis of CdLS and confirm the existence of phenocopies, caused by imbalances affecting multiple genomic regions, comprising 8% of patients included in this study, who did not have mutations at NIPBL and SMC1A. Our results suggests that analysis by aCGH should be recommended for CdLS spectrum cases with an unexplained clinical phenotype and included in the flow chart for diagnosis of cases with a clinical evaluation in the CdLS spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Gervasini
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Kim JW, Park JY, Oh AR, Choi EY, Ryu HM, Kang IS, Koong MK, Park SY. Duplication of intrachromosomal insertion segments 4q32→q35 confirmed by comparative genomic hybridization and fluorescent in situ hybridization. Clin Exp Reprod Med 2011; 38:238-41. [PMID: 22384449 PMCID: PMC3283076 DOI: 10.5653/cerm.2011.38.4.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Revised: 12/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A 35-year-old man with infertility was referred for chromosomal analysis. In routine cytogenetic analysis, the patient was seen to have additional material of unknown origin on the terminal region of the short arm of chromosome 4. To determine the origin of the unknown material, we carried out high-resolution banding, comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), and FISH. CGH showed a gain of signal on the region of 4q32→q35. FISH using whole chromosome painting and subtelomeric region probes for chromosome 4 confirmed the aberrant chromosome as an intrachromosomal insertion duplication of 4q32→q35. Duplication often leads to some phenotypic abnormalities; however, our patient showed an almost normal phenotype except for congenital dysfunction in spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Woo Kim
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Cheil General Hospital and Women's Healthcare Center, Kwandong University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Genome-wide association analysis of ischemic stroke in young adults. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2011; 1:505-14. [PMID: 22384361 PMCID: PMC3276159 DOI: 10.1534/g3.111.001164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is among the leading causes of death in Western countries. There is a significant genetic component to IS susceptibility, especially among young adults. To date, research to identify genetic loci predisposing to stroke has met only with limited success. We performed a genome-wide association (GWA) analysis of early-onset IS to identify potential stroke susceptibility loci. The GWA analysis was conducted by genotyping 1 million SNPs in a biracial population of 889 IS cases and 927 controls, ages 15–49 years. Genotypes were imputed using the HapMap3 reference panel to provide 1.4 million SNPs for analysis. Logistic regression models adjusting for age, recruitment stages, and population structure were used to determine the association of IS with individual SNPs. Although no single SNP reached genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10−8), we identified two SNPs in chromosome 2q23.3, rs2304556 (in FMNL2; P = 1.2 × 10−7) and rs1986743 (in ARL6IP6; P = 2.7 × 10−7), strongly associated with early-onset stroke. These data suggest that a novel locus on human chromosome 2q23.3 may be associated with IS susceptibility among young adults.
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Lehman AM, du Souich C, Chai D, Eydoux P, Huang JL, Fok AK, Avila L, Swingland J, Delaney AD, McGillivray B, Goldowitz D, Argiropoulos B, Kobor MS, Boerkoel CF. 19p13.2 microduplication causes a Sotos syndrome-like phenotype and alters gene expression. Clin Genet 2011; 81:56-63. [PMID: 21204797 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2010.01615.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Up to 90% of individuals affected by Sotos syndrome have a pathogenic alteration of NSD1 (encodes nuclear receptor-binding Su-var, enhancer of zeste, and trithorax domain protein 1), a histone methyltransferase that functions as both a transcriptional activator and a repressor. Genomic copy number variations may also cause a Sotos-like phenotype. We evaluated a three-generation family segregating a Sotos-like disorder characterized by typical facial features, overgrowth, learning disabilities, and advanced bone age. Affected individuals did not have a detectable NSD1 mutation, but rather were found to have a 1.9 Mb microduplication of 19p13.2 with breakpoints in two highly homologous Alu elements. Because the duplication included the DNA methyltransferase gene (DNMT1), we assessed DNA methylation of peripheral blood and buccal cell DNA and detected no alterations. We also examined peripheral blood gene expression and found evidence for increased expression of genes within the duplicated region. We conclude that microduplication of 19p13.2 is a novel genomic disorder characterized by variable neurocognitive disability, overgrowth, and facial dysmorphism similar to Sotos syndrome. Failed compensation of gene duplication at the transcriptional level, as seen in peripheral blood, supports gene dosage as the cause of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Lehman
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Gardberg M, Talvinen K, Kaipio K, Iljin K, Kampf C, Uhlen M, Carpén O. Characterization of Diaphanous-related formin FMNL2 in human tissues. BMC Cell Biol 2010; 11:55. [PMID: 20633255 PMCID: PMC2912821 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-11-55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2009] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diaphanous-related formins govern actin-based processes involved in many cellular functions, such as cell movement and invasion. Possible connections to developmental processes and cellular changes associated with malignant phenotype make them interesting study targets. In spite of this, very little is known of the tissue distribution and cellular location of any mammalian formin. Here we have carried out a comprehensive analysis of the formin family member formin -like 2 (FMNL2) in human tissues. Results An FMNL2 antibody was raised and characterized. The affinity-purified FMNL2 antibody was validated by Western blotting, Northern blotting, a peptide competition assay and siRNA experiments. Bioinformatics-based mRNA profiling indicated that FMNL2 is widely expressed in human tissues. The highest mRNA levels were seen in central and peripheral nervous systems. Immunohistochemical analysis of 26 different human tissues showed that FMNL2 is widely expressed, in agreement with the mRNA profile. The widest expression was detected in the central nervous system, since both neurons and glial cells expressed FMNL2. Strong expression was also seen in many epithelia. However, the expression in different cell types was not ubiquitous. Many mesenchymal cell types showed weak immunoreactivity and cells lacking expression were seen in many tissues. The subcellular location of FMNL2 was cytoplasmic, and in some tissues a strong perinuclear dot was detected. In cultured cells FMNL2 showed mostly a cytoplasmic localization with perinuclear accumulation consistent with the Golgi apparatus. Furthermore, FMNL2 co-localized with F-actin to the tips of cellular protrusions in WM164 human melanoma cells. This finding is in line with FMNL2's proposed function in the formation of actin filaments in cellular protrusions, during amoeboid cellular migration. Conclusion FMNL2 is expressed in multiple human tissues, not only in the central nervous system. The expression is especially strong in gastrointestinal and mammary epithelia, lymphatic tissues, placenta, and in the reproductive tract. In cultured melanoma cells, FMNL2 co-localizes with F-actin dots at the tips of cellular protrusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gardberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Turku and Turku University Central Hospital, Turku, Finland.
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2010; 22:354-9. [PMID: 20611001 DOI: 10.1097/gco.0b013e32833d582e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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29
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de Bruijn DRH, van Dijk AHA, Pfundt R, Hoischen A, Merkx GFM, Gradek GA, Lybæk H, Stray-Pedersen A, Brunner HG, Houge G. Severe Progressive Autism Associated with Two de novo Changes: A 2.6-Mb 2q31.1 Deletion and a Balanced t(14;21)(q21.1;p11.2) Translocation with Long-Range Epigenetic Silencing of LRFN5 Expression. Mol Syndromol 2010; 1:46-57. [PMID: 20648246 DOI: 10.1159/000280290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2009] [Accepted: 12/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In a 19-year-old severely autistic and mentally retarded girl, a balanced de novo t(14;21)(q21.1;p11.2) translocation was found in addition to a de novo 2.6-Mb 2q31.1 deletion containing 15 protein-encoding genes. To investigate if the translocation might contribute to developmental stagnation at the age of 2 years with later regression of skills, i.e. a more severe phenotype than expected from the 2q31.1 deletion, the epigenetic status and expression of genes proximal and distal to the 14q21.1 breakpoint were investigated in Ebstein Barr Virus-transformed lymphoblast and primary skin fibroblast cells. The 14q21.1 breakpoint was found to be located between a cluster of 7 genes 0.1 Mb upstream, starting with FBXO33, and the single and isolated LRFN5 gene 2.1 Mb downstream. Only expression of LRFN5 appeared to be affected by its novel genomic context. In patient fibroblasts, LRFN5 expression was 10-fold reduced compared to LRFN5 expressed in control fibroblasts. In addition, a relative increase in trimethylated histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9M3)-associated DNA starting exactly at the translocation breakpoint and going 2.5 Mb beyond the LRFN5 gene was found. At the LRFN5 promoter, there was a distinct peak of trimethylated histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27M3)-associated DNA in addition to a diminished trimethylated histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4M3) level. We speculate that dysregulation of LRFN5, a postsynaptic density-associated gene, may contribute to the patient's autism, even though 2 other patients with 14q13.2q21.3 deletions that included LRFN5 were not autistic. More significantly, we have shown that translocations may influence gene expression more than 2 Mb away from the translocation breakpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R H de Bruijn
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Xanthopoulou L, Mantzouratou A, Mania A, Cawood S, Doshi A, Ranieri DM, Delhanty JD. Male and female meiotic behaviour of an intrachromosomal insertion determined by preimplantation genetic diagnosis. Mol Cytogenet 2010; 3:2. [PMID: 20181117 PMCID: PMC2830219 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8166-3-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2009] [Accepted: 02/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two related family members, a female and a male balanced carrier of an intrachromosomal insertion on chromosome 7 were referred to our centre for preimplantation genetic diagnosis. This presented a rare opportunity to investigate the behaviour of the insertion chromosome during meiosis in two related carriers. The aim of this study was to carry out a detailed genetic analysis of the preimplantation embryos that were generated from the three treatment cycles for the male and two for the female carrier.Patients underwent in vitro fertilization and on day 3, 22 embryos from the female carrier and 19 embryos from the male carrier were biopsied and cells analysed by fluorescent in situ hybridization. Follow up analysis of 29 untransferred embryos was also performed for confirmation of the diagnosis and to obtain information on meiotic and mitotic outcome. RESULTS In this study, the female carrier produced more than twice as many chromosomally balanced embryos as the male (76.5% vs. 36%), and two pregnancies were achieved for her. Follow up analysis showed that the male carrier had produced more highly abnormal embryos than the female (25% and 15% respectively) and no pregnancies occurred for the male carrier and his partner. CONCLUSION This study compares how an intrachromosomal insertion has behaved in the meiotic and preimplantation stages of development in sibling male and female carriers. It confirms that PGD is an appropriate treatment in such cases. Reasons for the differing outcome for the two carriers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leoni Xanthopoulou
- UCL Centre for PGD, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, 86-96 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK.
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Schönichen A, Geyer M. Fifteen formins for an actin filament: a molecular view on the regulation of human formins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2010; 1803:152-63. [PMID: 20102729 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2009] [Revised: 12/24/2009] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of the actin cytoskeleton is a key process for the stability and motility of eukaryotic cells. Besides the Arp2/3 complex and its nucleation promoting factors, WH2 domain-containing proteins and a diverse family of formin proteins have recently been recognized as actin nucleators and potent polymerization factors of actin filaments. Formins are defined by the presence of a catalytic formin homology 2 (FH2) domain, yet, the modular domain architecture appears significantly different for the eight formin families identified in humans. A diverse picture of protein localization, interaction partners and cell specific regulation emerged, suggesting various functions of formins in the building and maintenance of actin filaments. This review focuses on the domain architecture of human formins, the regulation mechanisms of their activation and the diversity in formin cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Schönichen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Abteilung Physikalische Biochemie, Otto-Hahn-Str. 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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