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Reed AE, Peraza J, van den Haak F, Hernandez ER, Gibbs RA, Chinn IK, Lupski JR, Marchi E, Reshef R, Alobeid B, Mace EM, Orange JS. β-Actin G342D as a Cause of NK Cell Deficiency Impairing Lytic Synapse Termination. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:962-973. [PMID: 38315012 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
NK cell deficiency (NKD) occurs when an individual's major clinical immunodeficiency derives from abnormal NK cells and is associated with several genetic etiologies. Three categories of β-actin-related diseases with over 60 ACTB (β-actin) variants have previously been identified, none with a distinct NK cell phenotype. An individual with mild developmental delay, macrothrombocytopenia, and susceptibility to infections, molluscum contagiosum virus, and EBV-associated lymphoma had functional NKD for over a decade. A de novo ACTB variant encoding G342D β-actin was identified and was consistent with the individual's developmental and platelet phenotype. This novel variant also was found to have direct impact in NK cells because its expression in the human NK cell line YTS (YTS-NKD) caused increased cell spreading in lytic immune synapses created on activating surfaces. YTS-NKD cells were able to degranulate and perform cytotoxicity, but they demonstrated defective serial killing because of prolonged conjugation to the killed target cell and thus were effectively unable to terminate lytic synapses. G342D β-actin results in a novel, to our knowledge, mechanism of functional NKD via increased synaptic spreading and defective lytic synapse termination with resulting impaired serial killing, leading to overall reductions in NK cell cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail E Reed
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Jackeline Peraza
- Department of Biology, Barnard College of Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Frederique van den Haak
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Evelyn R Hernandez
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Ivan K Chinn
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Retrovirology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Human Genome Sequencing Center, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Enrica Marchi
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, NCI Designated Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Ran Reshef
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cell Therapy Program, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Bachir Alobeid
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Emily M Mace
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Jordan S Orange
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
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Greve JN, Marquardt A, Heiringhoff R, Reindl T, Thiel C, Di Donato N, Taft MH, Manstein DJ. The non-muscle actinopathy-associated mutation E334Q in cytoskeletal γ-actin perturbs interaction of actin filaments with myosin and ADF/cofilin family proteins. eLife 2024; 12:RP93013. [PMID: 38446501 PMCID: PMC10942649 DOI: 10.7554/elife.93013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Various heterozygous cytoskeletal γ-actin mutations have been shown to cause Baraitser-Winter cerebrofrontofacial syndrome, non-syndromic hearing loss, or isolated eye coloboma. Here, we report the biochemical characterization of human cytoskeletal γ-actin carrying mutation E334Q, a mutation that leads to a hitherto unspecified non-muscle actinopathy. Following expression, purification, and removal of linker and thymosin β4 tag sequences, the p.E334Q monomers show normal integration into linear and branched actin filaments. The mutation does not affect thermal stability, actin filament nucleation, elongation, and turnover. Model building and normal mode analysis predict significant differences in the interaction of p.E334Q filaments with myosin motors and members of the ADF/cofilin family of actin-binding proteins. Assays probing the interactions of p.E334Q filaments with human class 2 and class 5 myosin motor constructs show significant reductions in sliding velocity and actin affinity. E334Q differentially affects cofilin-mediated actin dynamics by increasing the rate of cofilin-mediated de novo nucleation of actin filaments and decreasing the efficiency of cofilin-mediated filament severing. Thus, it is likely that p.E334Q-mediated changes in myosin motor activity, as well as filament turnover, contribute to the observed disease phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes N Greve
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Fritz Hartmann Centre for MedicalHannoverGermany
| | - Anja Marquardt
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Fritz Hartmann Centre for MedicalHannoverGermany
| | - Robin Heiringhoff
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Fritz Hartmann Centre for MedicalHannoverGermany
| | - Theresia Reindl
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Fritz Hartmann Centre for MedicalHannoverGermany
| | - Claudia Thiel
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Fritz Hartmann Centre for MedicalHannoverGermany
| | | | - Manuel H Taft
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Fritz Hartmann Centre for MedicalHannoverGermany
| | - Dietmar J Manstein
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Fritz Hartmann Centre for MedicalHannoverGermany
- Division for Structural Biochemistry, Hannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
- RESiST, Cluster of Excellence 2155, Hannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
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3
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Ghiselli S, Parmeggiani G, Zambonini G, Cuda D. Hearing Loss in Baraitser-Winter Syndrome: Case Reports and Review of the Literature. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1500. [PMID: 38592426 PMCID: PMC10935159 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13051500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Baraitser-Winter Syndrome (BRWS) is a rare autosomal dominant condition associated with hearing loss (HL). In the literature, two types of this condition are reported, Baraitser-Winter type 1 (BRWS1) and type 2 (BRWS2) produced by specific pathogenetic variants of two different genes, ACTB for BRWS1 and ACTG1 for BRWS2. In addition to syndromic BRWS2, some pathogenic variants in ACTG1 are associated also to another pathologic entity, the "Autosomal dominant non-syndromic hearing loss 20/26". In these syndromes, typical craniofacial features, sensory impairment (vision and hearing) and intellectual disabilities are frequently present. Heart anomalies, renal and gastrointestinal involvement and seizure are also common. Wide inter- and intra-familial variety in the phenotypic spectrum is reported. Some phenotypic aspects of these syndromes are not yet fully described, such as the degree and progression of HL, and better knowledge of them could be useful for correct follow-up and treatment. Methods and Results: In this study, we report two cases of children with HL and diagnosis of BRWS and a review of the current literature on HL in these syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ghiselli
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, AUSL Piacenza, 29121 Piacenza, Italy; (G.Z.); (D.C.)
| | | | - Giulia Zambonini
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, AUSL Piacenza, 29121 Piacenza, Italy; (G.Z.); (D.C.)
| | - Domenico Cuda
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, AUSL Piacenza, 29121 Piacenza, Italy; (G.Z.); (D.C.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy
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4
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Kooshavar D, Amor DJ, Boggs K, Baker N, Barnett C, de Silva MG, Edwards S, Fahey MC, Marum JE, Snell P, Bozaoglu K, Pope K, Mohammad SS, Riney K, Sachdev R, Scheffer IE, Schenscher S, Silberstein J, Smith N, Tom M, Ware TL, Lockhart PJ, Leventer RJ. Diagnostic utility of exome sequencing followed by research reanalysis in human brain malformations. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae056. [PMID: 38444904 PMCID: PMC10914449 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the diagnostic yield of singleton exome sequencing and subsequent research-based trio exome analysis in children with a spectrum of brain malformations seen commonly in clinical practice. We recruited children ≤ 18 years old with a brain malformation diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging and consistent with an established list of known genetic causes. Patients were ascertained nationally from eight tertiary paediatric centres as part of the Australian Genomics Brain Malformation Flagship. Chromosome microarray was required for all children, and those with pathogenic copy number changes were excluded. Cytomegalovirus polymerase chain reaction on neonatal blood spots was performed on all children with polymicrogyria with positive patients excluded. Singleton exome sequencing was performed through a diagnostic laboratory and analysed using a clinical exome sequencing pipeline. Undiagnosed patients were followed up in a research setting, including reanalysis of the singleton exome data and subsequent trio exome sequencing. A total of 102 children were recruited. Ten malformation subtypes were identified with the commonest being polymicrogyria (36%), pontocerebellar hypoplasia (14%), periventricular nodular heterotopia (11%), tubulinopathy (10%), lissencephaly (10%) and cortical dysplasia (9%). The overall diagnostic yield for the clinical singleton exome sequencing was 36%, which increased to 43% after research follow-up. The main source of increased diagnostic yield was the reanalysis of the singleton exome data to include newly discovered gene-disease associations. One additional diagnosis was made by trio exome sequencing. The highest phenotype-based diagnostic yields were for cobblestone malformation, tubulinopathy and lissencephaly and the lowest for cortical dysplasia and polymicrogyria. Pathogenic variants were identified in 32 genes, with variants in 6/32 genes occurring in more than one patient. The most frequent genetic diagnosis was pathogenic variants in TUBA1A. This study shows that over 40% of patients with common brain malformations have a genetic aetiology identified by exome sequencing. Periodic reanalysis of exome data to include newly identified genes was of greater value in increasing diagnostic yield than the expansion to trio exome. This study highlights the genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity of brain malformations, the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and the large number of patients that remain without a genetic diagnosis despite clinical exome sequencing and research reanalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniz Kooshavar
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - David J Amor
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Kirsten Boggs
- Centre for Clinical Genetics, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
- Department of Clinical Genetics, The Children’s Hospital Westmead, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Australian Genomics, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Naomi Baker
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Christopher Barnett
- SA Clinical Genetics Service, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
| | - Michelle G de Silva
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Australian Genomics, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Samantha Edwards
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Michael C Fahey
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | | | - Penny Snell
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Kiymet Bozaoglu
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Kate Pope
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Shekeeb S Mohammad
- Department of Neurology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Kate Riney
- Neurosciences Unit, Queensland Children’s Hospital, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Rani Sachdev
- Centre for Clinical Genetics, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Ingrid E Scheffer
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Epilepsy Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Austin Health and Florey Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
- Department of Neurology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Sarah Schenscher
- Paediatric and Reproductive Genetics Unit, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5006Australia
| | - John Silberstein
- Department of Neurology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Nicholas Smith
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
| | - Melanie Tom
- Genetic Health Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Herston, QLD 4029Australia
| | - Tyson L Ware
- Department of Paediatrics, Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Paul J Lockhart
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Richard J Leventer
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Neurology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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5
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Lee AS, Ayers LJ, Kosicki M, Chan WM, Fozo LN, Pratt BM, Collins TE, Zhao B, Rose MF, Sanchis-Juan A, Fu JM, Wong I, Zhao X, Tenney AP, Lee C, Laricchia KM, Barry BJ, Bradford VR, Lek M, MacArthur DG, Lee EA, Talkowski ME, Brand H, Pennacchio LA, Engle EC. A cell type-aware framework for nominating non-coding variants in Mendelian regulatory disorders. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.12.22.23300468. [PMID: 38234731 PMCID: PMC10793524 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.22.23300468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Unsolved Mendelian cases often lack obvious pathogenic coding variants, suggesting potential non-coding etiologies. Here, we present a single cell multi-omic framework integrating embryonic mouse chromatin accessibility, histone modification, and gene expression assays to discover cranial motor neuron (cMN) cis-regulatory elements and subsequently nominate candidate non-coding variants in the congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders (CCDDs), a set of Mendelian disorders altering cMN development. We generated single cell epigenomic profiles for ~86,000 cMNs and related cell types, identifying ~250,000 accessible regulatory elements with cognate gene predictions for ~145,000 putative enhancers. Seventy-five percent of elements (44 of 59) validated in an in vivo transgenic reporter assay, demonstrating that single cell accessibility is a strong predictor of enhancer activity. Applying our cMN atlas to 899 whole genome sequences from 270 genetically unsolved CCDD pedigrees, we achieved significant reduction in our variant search space and nominated candidate variants predicted to regulate known CCDD disease genes MAFB, PHOX2A, CHN1, and EBF3 - as well as new candidates in recurrently mutated enhancers through peak- and gene-centric allelic aggregation. This work provides novel non-coding variant discoveries of relevance to CCDDs and a generalizable framework for nominating non-coding variants of potentially high functional impact in other Mendelian disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur S Lee
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Lauren J Ayers
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Michael Kosicki
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA
| | - Wai-Man Chan
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD
| | - Lydia N Fozo
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Brandon M Pratt
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Thomas E Collins
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Boxun Zhao
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Matthew F Rose
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Medical Genetics Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Alba Sanchis-Juan
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Jack M Fu
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Isaac Wong
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Xuefang Zhao
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Alan P Tenney
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Cassia Lee
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Harvard College, Cambridge, MA
| | - Kristen M Laricchia
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Brenda J Barry
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD
| | - Victoria R Bradford
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Monkol Lek
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Daniel G MacArthur
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Centre for Population Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Population Genomics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Eunjung Alice Lee
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Michael E Talkowski
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Harrison Brand
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Len A Pennacchio
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA
| | - Elizabeth C Engle
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Medical Genetics Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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6
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Bertani-Torres W, Lezirovitz K, Alencar-Coutinho D, Pardono E, da Costa SS, Antunes LDN, de Oliveira J, Otto PA, Pingault V, Mingroni-Netto RC. Waardenburg Syndrome: The Contribution of Next-Generation Sequencing to the Identification of Novel Causative Variants. Audiol Res 2023; 14:9-25. [PMID: 38391765 PMCID: PMC10886116 DOI: 10.3390/audiolres14010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is characterized by hearing loss and pigmentary abnormalities of the eyes, hair, and skin. The condition is genetically heterogeneous, and is classified into four clinical types differentiated by the presence of dystopia canthorum in type 1 and its absence in type 2. Additionally, limb musculoskeletal abnormalities and Hirschsprung disease differentiate types 3 and 4, respectively. Genes PAX3, MITF, SOX10, KITLG, EDNRB, and EDN3 are already known to be associated with WS. In WS, a certain degree of molecularly undetected patients remains, especially in type 2. This study aims to pinpoint causative variants using different NGS approaches in a cohort of 26 Brazilian probands with possible/probable diagnosis of WS1 (8) or WS2 (18). DNA from the patients was first analyzed by exome sequencing. Seven of these families were submitted to trio analysis. For inconclusive cases, we applied a targeted NGS panel targeting WS/neurocristopathies genes. Causative variants were detected in 20 of the 26 probands analyzed, these being five in PAX3, eight in MITF, two in SOX10, four in EDNRB, and one in ACTG1 (type 2 Baraitser-Winter syndrome, BWS2). In conclusion, in our cohort of patients, the detection rate of the causative variant was 77%, confirming the superior detection power of NGS in genetically heterogeneous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Bertani-Torres
- Centro de Estudos sobre o Genoma Humano e Células Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
- Department of Embryology and Genetics of Malformations, INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) UMR (Unité Mixte de Recherche) 1163, Université Paris-Cité and Institut Imagine, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Karina Lezirovitz
- Otorhinolaryngology Lab-LIM 32, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Danillo Alencar-Coutinho
- Otorhinolaryngology Lab-LIM 32, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Eliete Pardono
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Paulista UNIP, São Paulo 04026-002, Brazil
- Colégio Miguel de Cervantes, São Paulo 05618-001, Brazil
| | - Silvia Souza da Costa
- Centro de Estudos sobre o Genoma Humano e Células Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Larissa do Nascimento Antunes
- Centro de Estudos sobre o Genoma Humano e Células Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Judite de Oliveira
- Médecine Génomique des Maladies Rares, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Paulo Alberto Otto
- Centro de Estudos sobre o Genoma Humano e Células Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Véronique Pingault
- Department of Embryology and Genetics of Malformations, INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) UMR (Unité Mixte de Recherche) 1163, Université Paris-Cité and Institut Imagine, 75015 Paris, France
- Médecine Génomique des Maladies Rares, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Regina Célia Mingroni-Netto
- Centro de Estudos sobre o Genoma Humano e Células Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
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7
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Wu J, Chen J, Ding Z, Fan J, Wang Q, Dai P, Han D. Outcomes of cochlear implantation in 75 patients with auditory neuropathy. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1281884. [PMID: 38027523 PMCID: PMC10679445 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1281884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cochlear implantation (CI) outcomes in patients with auditory neuropathy (AN) are variable, which hampers patients' decisions on CI. Objective This study aims to assess the outcomes of CI in individuals diagnosed with AN and to examine the various factors that may influence the effectiveness of this intervention. Methods A total of 75 patients diagnosed with AN were included in the study. The hearing threshold, the score of categories of auditory performance (CAP), speech intelligibility rating (SIR), and speech audiometry were tested. Genetic testing was conducted by medical exome sequencing in 46 patients. Results After CI, the average aided hearing threshold for patients with prelingual and post-lingual onset was 38.25 ± 6.63 dB and 32.58 ± 9.26 dB, respectively; CAP score improved to 5.52 ± 1.64 (p < 0.001) and 6.00 ± 0.96 (p < 0.001), respectively; SIR score increased to 3.57 ± 1.22 (p < 0.001) and 4.15 ± 0.95 (p < 0.001), respectively. Maximum speech recognition ranged from 58 to 93% for prelingual onset patients and 43 to 98% for those with post-lingual onset. Speech outcomes of CI in cases with cochlear nerve (CN) deficiency were significantly poorer (p = 0.008). Molecular etiologies, including TWIST1, ACTG1, m.A7445G, and a copy-number variant (CNV) carrying ACTB, were related to AN here. Conclusion CI is a viable therapy option for patients with AN; CN deficiency might impact outcomes of CI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Pu Dai
- Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Science of Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment of Beijing, National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Dongyi Han
- Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Science of Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment of Beijing, National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
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8
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Sezer A, Kayhan G, Percin FE. Long-term follow-up and novel variant in Suleiman-El-Hattab syndrome: Expanding the genotypic and clinical spectrum of a rare neurodevelopmental disorder. Eur J Med Genet 2023; 66:104809. [PMID: 37474017 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2023.104809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Suleiman-El-Hattab syndrome (SULEHS, OMIM #618950) is an autosomal recessive multisystem developmental disorder characterized by distinctive facial appearance, global developmental delay/intellectual disability, poor expressive speech and happy demeanor. SULEHS is an ultra-rare disorder associated with biallelic loss-of-function variants of the TASP1 gene, and up-to-date, seven patients from five families have been reported in the literature. Loss of TASP1 function has been reported to alter H3K4 histone modifications and expression of TFIIA and HOX transcription factors in the SULEHS phenotype. In this report, a new patient molecularly diagnosed with SULEHS by a novel homozygous c.404-2A > G variant in the TASP1 gene is presented with the long-term follow-up. Although the majority of the patient's clinical characteristics were similar to those of previously reported SULEHS patients, this study was the first to describe some additional anomalies, such as cystic hygroma, increased nuchal thickness, coarctation of the aorta, pulmonary stenosis, pulmonary sequestration anomaly, chronic constipation, encephalomalacia, and aggressive behavior. Because of the remarkable similarities between the clinical features of Baraitser-Winter syndrome (BRWS) and the patient, BRWS was considered the most likely diagnosis before the molecular diagnosis. Network analysis also supported that the interaction of the SULEHS-associated TASP1 gene with the BRWS-associated ACTB and ACTG1 genes through common intermediate molecules. Overall, despite the existence of differences in clinical features, inheritance patterns, and underlying pathophysiology between BRWS and SULEHS, both diseases could be considered in the differential diagnosis due to the high clinical similarities, including the dysmorphic features, growth parameters, neurodevelopmental phenotype, neurological problems, and multisystem involvement. Additionally, this report could contribute to a better understanding of the genotypic and clinical features of SULEHS by describing a novel pathogenic variant and new clinical features, such as prenatal manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Sezer
- Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Ankara, Turkey; Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Children's Training and Research Hospital, Department of Medical Genetics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gulsum Kayhan
- Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ferda E Percin
- Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Ankara, Turkey.
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9
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Valencia AM, Sankar A, van der Sluijs PJ, Satterstrom FK, Fu J, Talkowski ME, Vergano SAS, Santen GWE, Kadoch C. Landscape of mSWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex perturbations in neurodevelopmental disorders. Nat Genet 2023; 55:1400-1412. [PMID: 37500730 PMCID: PMC10412456 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01451-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
DNA sequencing-based studies of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) have identified a wide range of genetic determinants. However, a comprehensive analysis of these data, in aggregate, has not to date been performed. Here, we find that genes encoding the mammalian SWI/SNF (mSWI/SNF or BAF) family of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling protein complexes harbor the greatest number of de novo missense and protein-truncating variants among nuclear protein complexes. Non-truncating NDD-associated protein variants predominantly disrupt the cBAF subcomplex and cluster in four key structural regions associated with high disease severity, including mSWI/SNF-nucleosome interfaces, the ATPase-core ARID-armadillo repeat (ARM) module insertion site, the Arp module and DNA-binding domains. Although over 70% of the residues perturbed in NDDs overlap with those mutated in cancer, ~60% of amino acid changes are NDD-specific. These findings provide a foundation to functionally group variants and link complex aberrancies to phenotypic severity, serving as a resource for the chromatin, clinical genetics and neurodevelopment communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo M Valencia
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Chemical Biology Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Brain Organogenesis, Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Akshay Sankar
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - F Kyle Satterstrom
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jack Fu
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael E Talkowski
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samantha A Schrier Vergano
- Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Gijs W E Santen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Cigall Kadoch
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
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10
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Di Fonzo A, Jinnah HA, Zech M. Dystonia genes and their biological pathways. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 169:61-103. [PMID: 37482402 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2023.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput sequencing has been instrumental in uncovering the spectrum of pathogenic genetic alterations that contribute to the etiology of dystonia. Despite the immense heterogeneity in monogenic causes, studies performed during the past few years have highlighted that many rare deleterious variants associated with dystonic presentations affect genes that have roles in certain conserved pathways in neural physiology. These various gene mutations that appear to converge towards the disruption of interconnected cellular networks were shown to produce a wide range of different dystonic disease phenotypes, including isolated and combined dystonias as well as numerous clinically complex, often neurodevelopmental disorder-related conditions that can manifest with dystonic features in the context of multisystem disturbances. In this chapter, we summarize the manifold dystonia-gene relationships based on their association with a discrete number of unifying pathophysiological mechanisms and molecular cascade abnormalities. The themes on which we focus comprise dopamine signaling, heavy metal accumulation and calcifications in the brain, nuclear envelope function and stress response, gene transcription control, energy homeostasis, lysosomal trafficking, calcium and ion channel-mediated signaling, synaptic transmission beyond dopamine pathways, extra- and intracellular structural organization, and protein synthesis and degradation. Enhancing knowledge about the concept of shared etiological pathways in the pathogenesis of dystonia will motivate clinicians and researchers to find more efficacious treatments that allow to reverse pathologies in patient-specific core molecular networks and connected multipathway loops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Di Fonzo
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - H A Jinnah
- Departments of Neurology, Human Genetics, and Pediatrics, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Michael Zech
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
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11
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Graziani L, Cinnirella G, Ferradini V, Conte C, Bascio FL, Bengala M, Sangiuolo F, Novelli G. A likely pathogenic ACTG1 variant in a child showing partial phenotypic overlap with Baraitser-Winter syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:1565-1569. [PMID: 36810952 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Baraitser-Winter syndrome (BRWS) is a rare autosomal dominant disease (AD) caused by heterozygous variants in ACTB (BRWS1) or ACTG1 (BRWS2) genes. BRWS features developmental delay/intellectual disability of variable degree and craniofacial dysmorphisms. Brain abnormalities (especially pachygyria), microcephaly, epilepsy, as well as hearing impairment, cardiovascular and genitourinary abnormalities may be present. We report on a 4-year-old female, who was addressed to our institution because of psychomotor delay associated with microcephaly and dysmorphic features, short stature, mild bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, mild cardiac septal hypertrophy, and abdominal swelling. Clinical exome sequencing detected a c.617G>A p.(Arg206Gln) de novo variant in ACTG1 gene. Such variant has been previously reported in association with a form of AD nonsyndromic sensorineural progressive hearing loss and we classified it as likely pathogenic according to ACMG/AMP criteria, despite our patient's phenotype only partially overlapped BWRS2. Our finding supports the extreme variability of the ACTG1-related disorders, ranging from classical BRWS2 to nuanced clinical expressions not fitting the original description, and occasionally featuring previously undescribed clinical findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovico Graziani
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Cinnirella
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Ferradini
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Conte
- Tor Vergata University Hospital, Medical Genetics Unit, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Lo Bascio
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Bengala
- Tor Vergata University Hospital, Medical Genetics Unit, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Sangiuolo
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,Tor Vergata University Hospital, Medical Genetics Unit, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Novelli
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,Tor Vergata University Hospital, Medical Genetics Unit, Rome, Italy
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12
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Fouassier M, Isidor B, Cogne B, Béné MC, Eveillard M. The identification of giant platelets with disorganized granules can suggest ACTB gene mutation. Int J Lab Hematol 2022; 45:e68-e70. [PMID: 36564926 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.14011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Fouassier
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France.,CRC-MHC, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Bertrand Isidor
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Benjamin Cogne
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Marie C Béné
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, CNRS, CRCI2NA, team 11, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Marion Eveillard
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, CNRS, CRCI2NA, team 11, F-44000, Nantes, France
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13
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Xiao L, Jiang S, Wang Y, Gao C, Liu C, Huo X, Li W, Guo B, Wang C, Sun Y, Wang A, Feng Y, Wang F, Sun T. Continuous high-frequency deep brain stimulation of the anterior insula modulates autism-like behavior in a valproic acid-induced rat model. J Transl Med 2022; 20:570. [PMID: 36474209 PMCID: PMC9724311 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03787-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Until now, the treatment of patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remain a difficult problem. The insula is involved in empathy and sensorimotor integration, which are often impaired in individuals with ASD. Deep brain stimulation, modulating neuronal activity in specific brain circuits, has recently been considered as a promising intervention for neuropsychiatric disorders. Valproic acid (VPA) is a potential teratogenic agent, and prenatal exposure can cause autism-like symptoms including repetitive behaviors and defective sociability. Herein, we investigated the effects of continuous high-frequency deep brain stimulation in the anterior insula of rats exposed to VPA and explored cognitive functions, behavior, and molecular proteins connected to autism spectrum disorder. METHODS VPA-exposed offspring were bilaterally implanted with electrodes in the anterior insula (Day 0) with a recovery period of 1 week. (Day 0-7). High-frequency deep brain stimulation was applied from days 11 to 29. Three behavioral tests, including three-chamber social interaction test, were performed on days 7, 13, 18, 25 and 36, and several rats were used for analysis of immediate early genes and proteomic after deep brain stimulation intervention. Meanwhile, animals were subjected to a 20 day spatial learning and cognitive rigidity test using IntelliCage on day 11. RESULTS Deep brain stimulation improved the sociability and social novelty preference at day 18 prior to those at day 13, and the improvement has reached the upper limit compared to day 25. As for repetitive/stereotypic-like behavior, self- grooming time were reduced at day 18 and reached the upper limit, and the numbers of burried marbles were reduced at day 13 prior to those at day 18 and day 25. The improvements of sociability and social novelty preference were persistent after the stimulation had ceased. Spatial learning ability and cognitive rigidity were unaffected. We identified 35 proteins in the anterior insula, some of which were intimately linked to autism, and their expression levels were reversed upon administration of deep brain stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Autism-like behavior was ameliorated and autism-related proteins were reversed in the insula by deep brain stimulation intervention, these findings reveal that the insula may be a potential target for DBS in the treatment of autism, which provide a theoretical basis for its clinical application., although future studies are still warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifei Xiao
- grid.412194.b0000 0004 1761 9803Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750000 China ,grid.413385.80000 0004 1799 1445Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750000 China
| | - Shucai Jiang
- grid.416966.a0000 0004 1758 1470Department of Neurosurgery, Weifang People’s Hospital, Weifang, 261000 China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- grid.412194.b0000 0004 1761 9803Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750000 China
| | - Caibin Gao
- grid.413385.80000 0004 1799 1445Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750000 China
| | - Cuicui Liu
- grid.477991.5Department of Otolaryngology and Head Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, 750000 China
| | - Xianhao Huo
- grid.412194.b0000 0004 1761 9803Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750000 China ,grid.413385.80000 0004 1799 1445Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750000 China
| | - Wenchao Li
- grid.412194.b0000 0004 1761 9803Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750000 China
| | - Baorui Guo
- grid.440288.20000 0004 1758 0451Department of Neurosurgery, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, 710000 China
| | - Chaofan Wang
- grid.412194.b0000 0004 1761 9803Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750000 China
| | - Yu Sun
- grid.412194.b0000 0004 1761 9803Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750000 China
| | - Anni Wang
- grid.412194.b0000 0004 1761 9803Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750000 China
| | - Yan Feng
- grid.412194.b0000 0004 1761 9803Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750000 China
| | - Feng Wang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000 China
| | - Tao Sun
- grid.412194.b0000 0004 1761 9803Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750000 China ,grid.413385.80000 0004 1799 1445Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750000 China
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14
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Klimara MJ, Nishimura C, Wang D, Kolbe DL, Schaefer AM, Walls WD, Frees KL, Smith RJH, Azaiez H. De novo variants are a common cause of genetic hearing loss. Genet Med 2022; 24:2555-2567. [PMID: 36194208 PMCID: PMC9729384 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2022.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE De novo variants (DNVs) are a well-recognized cause of genetic disorders. The contribution of DNVs to hearing loss (HL) is poorly characterized. We aimed to evaluate the rate of DNVs in HL-associated genes and assess their contribution to HL. METHODS Targeted genomic enrichment and massively parallel sequencing were used for molecular testing of all exons and flanking intronic sequences of known HL-associated genes, with no exclusions on the basis of type of HL or clinical features. Segregation analysis was performed, and previous reports of DNVs in PubMed and ClinVar were reviewed to characterize the rate, distribution, and spectrum of DNVs in HL. RESULTS DNVs were detected in 10% (24/238) of trios for whom segregation analysis was performed. Overall, DNVs were causative in at least ∼1% of probands for whom a genetic diagnosis was resolved, with marked variability based on inheritance mode and phenotype. DNVs of MITF were most common (21% of DNVs), followed by GATA3 (13%), STRC (13%), and ACTG1 (8%). Review of reported DNVs revealed gene-specific variability in contribution of DNV to the mutational spectrum of HL-associated genes. CONCLUSION DNVs are a relatively common cause of genetic HL and must be considered in all cases of sporadic HL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles J Klimara
- Molecular Otolaryngology and Renal Research Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Carla Nishimura
- Molecular Otolaryngology and Renal Research Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Donghong Wang
- Molecular Otolaryngology and Renal Research Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Diana L Kolbe
- Molecular Otolaryngology and Renal Research Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Amanda M Schaefer
- Molecular Otolaryngology and Renal Research Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - William D Walls
- Molecular Otolaryngology and Renal Research Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Kathy L Frees
- Molecular Otolaryngology and Renal Research Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Richard J H Smith
- Molecular Otolaryngology and Renal Research Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA.
| | - Hela Azaiez
- Molecular Otolaryngology and Renal Research Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA.
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15
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Straccia G, Reale C, Castellani M, Colangelo I, Orunesu E, Meoni S, Moro E, Krack P, Prokisch H, Zech M, Romito LM, Garavaglia B. ACTB gene mutation in combined Dystonia-Deafness syndrome with parkinsonism: Expanding the phenotype and highlighting the long-term GPi DBS outcome. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2022; 104:3-6. [PMID: 36183459 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2022.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We report a Dystonia-Deafness syndrome patient treated by pallidal Deep Brain Stimulation with significant long-term benefits. Our study expands and confirms the complex phenotypic spectrum of ACTB gene-related disorders and supports the effectiveness of pallidal stimulation on motor outcomes and quality of life in dystonia due to ACTB p.Arg183Trp heterozygosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Straccia
- Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Neurology and Stroke Unit, C.T.O. Hospital, A.O.R.N. "Ospedali dei Colli", Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Reale
- Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Castellani
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Isabel Colangelo
- Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Eva Orunesu
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Meoni
- Movement Disorders Unit, Division of Neurology, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Elena Moro
- Movement Disorders Unit, Division of Neurology, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Paul Krack
- Department of Neurology, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany; Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Institute of Human Genetics, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Zech
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany; Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Institute of Human Genetics, Munich, Germany
| | - Luigi Michele Romito
- Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.
| | - Barbara Garavaglia
- Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
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16
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Göbel T, Berninger L, Schlump A, Feige B, Runge K, Nickel K, Schiele MA, van Elst LT, Hotz A, Alter S, Domschke K, Tzschach A, Endres D. Obsessive-compulsive symptoms in ACTG1-associated Baraitser-Winter cerebrofrontofacial syndrome. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2022; 129:1387-1391. [PMID: 36205783 PMCID: PMC9550762 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-022-02544-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Symptoms of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) may rarely occur in the context of genetic syndromes. So far, an association between obsessive–compulsive symptoms (OCS) and ACTG1-associated Baraitser-Winter cerebrofrontofacial syndrome has not been described as yet. A thoroughly phenotyped patient with OCS and ACTG1-associated Baraitser-Winter cerebrofrontofacial syndrome is presented. The 25-year-old male patient was admitted to in-patient psychiatric care due to OCD. A whole-exome sequencing analysis was initiated as the patient also showed an autistic personality structure, below average intelligence measures, craniofacial dysmorphia signs, sensorineural hearing loss, and sinus cavernoma as well as subtle cardiac and ophthalmological alterations. The diagnosis of Baraitser-Winter cerebrofrontofacial syndrome type 2 was confirmed by the detection of a heterozygous likely pathogenic variant in the ACTG1 gene [c.1003C > T; p.(Arg335Cys), ACMG class 4]. The automated analysis of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed changes in the orbitofrontal, parietal, and occipital cortex of both sides and in the right mesiotemporal cortex. Electroencephalography (EEG) revealed intermittent rhythmic delta activity in the occipital and right temporal areas. Right mesiotemporal MRI and EEG alterations could be caused by a small brain parenchymal defect with hemosiderin deposits after a cavernomectomy. This paradigmatic case provides evidence of syndromic OCS in ACTG1-associated Baraitser-Winter cerebrofrontofacial syndrome. The MRI findings are compatible with a dysfunction of the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical loops involved in OCD. If a common pathophysiology is confirmed in future studies, corresponding patients with Baraitser-Winter cerebrofrontofacial syndrome type 2 should be screened for OCS. The association may also contribute to a better understanding of OCD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Göbel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lea Berninger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Schlump
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Feige
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kimon Runge
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Nickel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Miriam A Schiele
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ludger Tebartz van Elst
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alrun Hotz
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Svenja Alter
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Domschke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Basics in Neuromodulation, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Tzschach
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dominique Endres
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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17
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Diab E, Morin G, Hery L, Barbier V, Cottin G, Jobic F, Tir M. Catatonic syndrome and Baraitser Winter syndrome: Case report and review of the literature. Eur J Med Genet 2022; 65:104559. [PMID: 35803559 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2022.104559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Diab
- Department of Neurology, CHU Amiens Picardie, France.
| | - G Morin
- Department of Clinical Genetic, CHU Amiens Picardie, France
| | - L Hery
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, CHU Amiens Picardie, France
| | - V Barbier
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, CHU Amiens Picardie, France
| | - G Cottin
- Department of Psychiatry, CHU Amiens Picardie, France
| | - F Jobic
- Department of Clinical Genetic, CHU Amiens Picardie, France
| | - M Tir
- Department of Neurology, CHU Amiens Picardie, France
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18
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Lange LM, Gonzalez-Latapi P, Rajalingam R, Tijssen MAJ, Ebrahimi-Fakhari D, Gabbert C, Ganos C, Ghosh R, Kumar KR, Lang AE, Rossi M, van der Veen S, van de Warrenburg B, Warner T, Lohmann K, Klein C, Marras C. Nomenclature of Genetic Movement Disorders: Recommendations of the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society Task Force - An Update. Mov Disord 2022; 37:905-935. [PMID: 35481685 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2016, the Movement Disorder Society Task Force for the Nomenclature of Genetic Movement Disorders presented a new system for naming genetically determined movement disorders and provided a criterion-based list of confirmed monogenic movement disorders. Since then, a substantial number of novel disease-causing genes have been described, which warrant classification using this system. In addition, with this update, we further refined the system and propose dissolving the imaging-based categories of Primary Familial Brain Calcification and Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation and reclassifying these genetic conditions according to their predominant phenotype. We also introduce the novel category of Mixed Movement Disorders (MxMD), which includes conditions linked to multiple equally prominent movement disorder phenotypes. In this article, we present updated lists of newly confirmed monogenic causes of movement disorders. We found a total of 89 different newly identified genes that warrant a prefix based on our criteria; 6 genes for parkinsonism, 21 for dystonia, 38 for dominant and recessive ataxia, 5 for chorea, 7 for myoclonus, 13 for spastic paraplegia, 3 for paroxysmal movement disorders, and 6 for mixed movement disorder phenotypes; 10 genes were linked to combined phenotypes and have been assigned two new prefixes. The updated lists represent a resource for clinicians and researchers alike and they have also been published on the website of the Task Force for the Nomenclature of Genetic Movement Disorders on the homepage of the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society (https://www.movementdisorders.org/MDS/About/Committees--Other-Groups/MDS-Task-Forces/Task-Force-on-Nomenclature-in-Movement-Disorders.htm). © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara M Lange
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Paulina Gonzalez-Latapi
- The Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and The Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Rajasumi Rajalingam
- The Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and The Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marina A J Tijssen
- UMCG Expertise Centre Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Darius Ebrahimi-Fakhari
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carolin Gabbert
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christos Ganos
- Department of Neurology, Charité University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rhia Ghosh
- Huntington's Disease Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kishore R Kumar
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory and Department of Neurology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anthony E Lang
- The Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and The Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Malco Rossi
- Movement Disorders Section, Neuroscience Department, Raul Carrea Institute for Neurological Research (FLENI), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sterre van der Veen
- UMCG Expertise Centre Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bart van de Warrenburg
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Center of Expertise for Parkinson and Movement Disorders, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tom Warner
- Department of Clinical & Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Katja Lohmann
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Connie Marras
- The Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and The Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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19
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Frameshift mutation S368fs in the gene encoding cytoskeletal β-actin leads to ACTB-associated syndromic thrombocytopenia by impairing actin dynamics. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151216. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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20
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Nie K, Huang J, Liu L, Lv H, Chen D, Fan W. Identification of a De Novo Heterozygous Missense ACTB Variant in Baraitser–Winter Cerebrofrontofacial Syndrome. Front Genet 2022; 13:828120. [PMID: 35401677 PMCID: PMC8989421 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.828120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Baraitser–Winter cerebrofrontofacial syndrome (BWCFF, OMIM: 243310) is a rare autosomal-dominant developmental disorder associated with variants in the genes ACTB or ACTG1. It is characterized by brain malformations, a distinctive facial appearance, ocular coloboma, and intellectual disability. However, the phenotypes of BWCFF are heterogenous, and its molecular pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we conducted detailed clinical examinations on a Chinese patient with BWCFF and found novel ocular manifestations including pseudoduplication of the optic disc and nystagmus. Targeted gene panel sequencing and Sanger sequencing identified a de novo heterozygous missense c.478A > G (p.Thr160Ala) variant in ACTB. The mRNA and protein expression of ACTB was assessed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR and Western blots. Furthermore, the functional effects of the pathogenic variant were analyzed by protein structure analysis, which indicated that the variant may affect the active site for ATP hydrolysis by the actin ATPase, resulting in abnormal filamentous actin organization in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. This discovery extends the ACTB variant spectrum, which will improve genetic counseling and diagnosis, and may contribute to understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of actin-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailai Nie
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junting Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Longqian Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongbin Lv
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Danian Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Fan, ; Danian Chen,
| | - Wei Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Fan, ; Danian Chen,
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21
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Analysis of recent shared ancestry in a familial cohort identifies coding and noncoding autism spectrum disorder variants. NPJ Genom Med 2022; 7:13. [PMID: 35190550 PMCID: PMC8861044 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-022-00284-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a collection of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by deficits in social communication and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior or interests. ASD is highly heritable, but genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous, reducing the power to identify causative genes. We performed whole genome sequencing (WGS) in an ASD cohort of 68 individuals from 22 families enriched for recent shared ancestry. We identified an average of 3.07 million variants per genome, of which an average of 112,512 were rare. We mapped runs of homozygosity (ROHs) in affected individuals and found an average genomic homozygosity of 9.65%, consistent with expectations for multiple generations of consanguineous unions. We identified potentially pathogenic rare exonic or splice site variants in 12 known (including KMT2C, SCN1A, SPTBN1, SYNE1, ZNF292) and 12 candidate (including CHD5, GRB10, PPP1R13B) ASD genes. Furthermore, we annotated noncoding variants in ROHs with brain-specific regulatory elements and identified putative disease-causing variants within brain-specific promoters and enhancers for 5 known ASD and neurodevelopmental disease genes (ACTG1, AUTS2, CTNND2, CNTNAP4, SPTBN4). We also identified copy number variants in two known ASD and neurodevelopmental disease loci in two affected individuals. In total we identified potentially etiological variants in known ASD or neurodevelopmental disease genes for ~61% (14/23) of affected individuals. We combined WGS with homozygosity mapping and regulatory element annotations to identify candidate ASD variants. Our analyses add to the growing number of ASD genes and variants and emphasize the importance of leveraging recent shared ancestry to map disease variants in complex neurodevelopmental disorders.
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22
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Zavala L, Ziegler G, Morón DG, Garretto N. Dystonia-Deafness Syndrome: ACTB Pathogenic Variant in an Argentinean Family. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2022; 9:122-124. [PMID: 35005077 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Zavala
- Chronic and Hereditary Ataxias Program, Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Neurology J. M. Ramos Mejía Hospital, University Center of Neurology, University of Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Gabriela Ziegler
- Movement Disorders Section, Department of Neurology J. M. Ramos Mejía Hospital, University Center of Neurology, University of Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Dolores González Morón
- Chronic and Hereditary Ataxias Program, Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Neurology J. M. Ramos Mejía Hospital, University Center of Neurology, University of Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Nélida Garretto
- Movement Disorders Section, Department of Neurology J. M. Ramos Mejía Hospital, University Center of Neurology, University of Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
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23
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De Novo ACTG1 Variant Expands the Phenotype and Genotype of Partial Deafness and Baraitser-Winter Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020692. [PMID: 35054877 PMCID: PMC8776155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Actin molecules are fundamental for embryonic structural and functional differentiation; γ-actin is specifically required for the maintenance and function of cytoskeletal structures in the ear, resulting in hearing. Baraitser–Winter Syndrome (B-WS, OMIM #243310, #614583) is a rare, multiple-anomaly genetic disorder caused by mutations in either cytoplasmically expressed actin gene, ACTB (β-actin) or ACTG1 (γ-actin). The resulting actinopathies cause characteristic cerebrofrontofacial and developmental traits, including progressive sensorineural deafness. Both ACTG1-related non-syndromic A20/A26 deafness and B-WS diagnoses are characterized by hypervariable penetrance in phenotype. Here, we identify a 28th patient worldwide carrying a mutated γ-actin ACTG1 allele, with mildly manifested cerebrofrontofacial B-WS traits, hypervariable penetrance of developmental traits and sensorineural hearing loss. This patient also displays brachycephaly and a complete absence of speech faculty, previously unreported for ACTG1-related B-WS or DFNA20/26 deafness, representing phenotypic expansion. The patient’s exome sequence analyses (ES) confirms a de novo ACTG1 variant previously unlinked to the pathology. Additional microarray analysis uncover no further mutational basis for dual molecular diagnosis in our patient. We conclude that γ-actin c.542C > T, p.Ala181Val is a dominant pathogenic variant, associated with mildly manifested facial and cerebral traits typical of B-WS, hypervariable penetrance of developmental traits and sensorineural deafness. We further posit and present argument and evidence suggesting ACTG1-related non-syndromic DFNA20/A26 deafness is a manifestation of undiagnosed ACTG1-related B-WS.
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24
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Sibbin K, Yap P, Nyaga D, Heller R, Evans S, Strachan K, Alburaiky S, Nguyen HMA, Hermann-Le Denmat S, Ganley ARD, O'Sullivan JM, Bloomfield FH. A de novo ACTB gene pathogenic variant in identical twins with phenotypic variation for hydrops and jejunal atresia. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 188:1299-1306. [PMID: 34970864 PMCID: PMC9302691 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The beta-actin gene (ACTB) encodes a ubiquitous cytoskeletal protein, essential for embryonic development in humans. De novo heterozygous missense variants in the ACTB are implicated in causing Baraitser-Winter cerebrofrontofacial syndrome (BWCFFS; MIM#243310). ACTB pathogenic variants are rarely associated with intestinal malformations. We report on a rare case of monozygotic twins presenting with proximal small bowel atresia and hydrops in one, and apple-peel bowel atresia and laryngeal dysgenesis in the other. The twin with hydrops could not be resuscitated. Intensive and surgical care was provided to the surviving twin. Rapid trio genome sequencing identified a de novo missense variant in ACTB (NM_00101.3:c.1043C>T; p.(Ser348Leu)) that guided the care plan. The identical variant subsequently was identified in the demised twin. To characterize the functional effect, the variant was recreated as a pseudoheterozygote in a haploid wild-type S. cerevisiae strain. There was an obvious growth defect of the yACT1S348L/WT pseudoheterozygote compared to a yACT1WT/WT strain when grown at 22°C but not when grown at 30°C, consistent with the yACT1 S348L variant having a functional defect that is dominant over the wild-type allele. The functional results provide supporting evidence that the Ser348Leu variant is likely to be a pathogenic variant, including being associated with intestinal malformations in BWCFFS, and can demonstrate variable expressivity within monozygotic twins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Sibbin
- Starship Child Health, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Patrick Yap
- Starship Child Health, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Denis Nyaga
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Raoul Heller
- Starship Child Health, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Stephen Evans
- Starship Child Health, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kate Strachan
- Starship Child Health, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Salam Alburaiky
- Starship Child Health, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Han M Alex Nguyen
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Austen R D Ganley
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Justin M O'Sullivan
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,The Maurice Wilkins Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Australian Parkinsons Mission, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Brain Research New Zealand, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Frank H Bloomfield
- Starship Child Health, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.,Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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25
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Vriend I, Oegema R. Genetic causes underlying grey matter heterotopia. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2021; 35:82-92. [PMID: 34666232 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2021.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Grey matter heterotopia (GMH) can cause of seizures and are associated with a wide range of neurodevelopmental disorders and syndromes. They are caused by a failure of neuronal migration during fetal development, leading to clusters of neurons that have not reached their final destination in the cerebral cortex. We have performed an extensive literature search in Pubmed, OMIM, and Google scholar and provide an overview of known genetic associations with periventricular nodular heterotopia (PNVH), subcortical band heterotopia (SBH) and other subcortical heterotopia (SUBH). We classified the heterotopias as PVNH, SBH, SUBH or other and collected the genetic information, frequency, imaging features and salient features in tables for every subtype of heterotopia. This resulted in 105 PVNH, 16 SBH and 25 SUBH gene/locus associations, making a total of 146 genes and chromosomal loci. Our study emphasizes the extreme genetic heterogeneity underlying GMH. It will aid the clinician in establishing an differential diagnosis and eventually a molecular diagnosis in GMH patients. A diagnosis enables proper counseling of prognosis and recurrence risks, and enables individualized patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Vriend
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Renske Oegema
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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26
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Mancini GMS, Smits DJ, Dekker J, Schot R, de Wit MCY, Lequin MH, Dremmen M, Brooks AS, van Ham T, Verheijen FW, Fornerod M, Dobyns WB, Wilke M. Multidisciplinary interaction and MCD gene discovery. The perspective of the clinical geneticist. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2021; 35:27-34. [PMID: 34592643 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The increasing pace of gene discovery in the last decade has brought a major change in the way the genetic causes of brain malformations are being diagnosed. Unbiased genomic screening has gained the first place in the diagnostic protocol of a child with congenital (brain) anomalies and the detected variants are matched with the phenotypic presentation afterwards. This process is defined as "reverse phenotyping". Screening of DNA, through copy number variant analysis of microarrays and analysis of exome data on different platforms, obtained from the index patient and both parents has become a routine approach in many centers worldwide. Clinicians are used to multidisciplinary team interaction in patient care and disease management and this explains why the majority of research that has led to the discovery of new genetic disorders nowadays proceeds from clinical observations to genomic analysis and to data exchange facilitated by open access sharing databases. However, the relevance of multidisciplinary team interaction has not been object of systematic research in the field of brain malformations. This review will illustrate some examples of how diagnostically driven questions through multidisciplinary interaction, among clinical and preclinical disciplines, can be successful in the discovery of new genes related to brain malformations. The first example illustrates the setting of interaction among neurologists, geneticists and neuro-radiologists. The second illustrates the importance of interaction among clinical dysmorphologists for pattern recognition of syndromes with multiple congenital anomalies. The third example shows how fruitful it can be to step out of the "clinical comfort zone", and interact with basic scientists in applying emerging technologies to solve the diagnostic puzzles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia M S Mancini
- Department of Clinical Genetics, ErasmusMC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; ENCORE Expertise Center for Genetic Neurocognitive Developmental Disorders, Erasmus, MC, Rotterdam.
| | - Daphne J Smits
- Department of Clinical Genetics, ErasmusMC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jordy Dekker
- Department of Clinical Genetics, ErasmusMC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rachel Schot
- Department of Clinical Genetics, ErasmusMC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; ENCORE Expertise Center for Genetic Neurocognitive Developmental Disorders, Erasmus, MC, Rotterdam
| | - Marie Claire Y de Wit
- Department of Child Neurology, Sophia Children's Hospital, ErasmusMC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, Rotterdam, NL, the Netherlands; ENCORE Expertise Center for Genetic Neurocognitive Developmental Disorders, Erasmus, MC, Rotterdam
| | - Maarten H Lequin
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Dremmen
- Department of Radiology, Sophia Children's Hospital, ErasmusMC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; ENCORE Expertise Center for Genetic Neurocognitive Developmental Disorders, Erasmus, MC, Rotterdam
| | - Alice S Brooks
- Department of Clinical Genetics, ErasmusMC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tjakko van Ham
- Department of Clinical Genetics, ErasmusMC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frans W Verheijen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, ErasmusMC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; ENCORE Expertise Center for Genetic Neurocognitive Developmental Disorders, Erasmus, MC, Rotterdam
| | - Maarten Fornerod
- Department of Cell Biology, ErasmusMC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - William B Dobyns
- Department of Pediatrics (Genetics), University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, MMC75, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA
| | - Martina Wilke
- Department of Clinical Genetics, ErasmusMC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; ENCORE Expertise Center for Genetic Neurocognitive Developmental Disorders, Erasmus, MC, Rotterdam
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27
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Koenig M, Dobyns WB, Di Donato N. Lissencephaly: Update on diagnostics and clinical management. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2021; 35:147-152. [PMID: 34731701 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2021.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Lissencephaly represents a spectrum of rare malformations of cortical development including agyria, pachygyria and subcortical band heterotopia. The progress in molecular genetics has led to identification of 31 lissencephaly-associated genes with the overall diagnostic yield over 80%. In this review, we focus on clinical and molecular diagnosis of lissencephaly and summarize the current knowledge on histopathological changes and their correlation with the MRI imaging. Additionally we provide the overview of clinical follow-up recommendations and available data on epilepsy management in patients with lissencephaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti Koenig
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, University Hospital, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - William B Dobyns
- Department of Pediatrics (Genetics), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Nataliya Di Donato
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, University Hospital, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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28
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Muffels IJJ, Wiame E, Fuchs SA, Massink MPG, Rehmann H, Musch JLI, Van Haaften G, Vertommen D, van Schaftingen E, van Hasselt PM. NAA80 bi-allelic missense variants result in high-frequency hearing loss, muscle weakness and developmental delay. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab256. [PMID: 34805998 PMCID: PMC8599064 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent identification of NAA80/NAT6 as the enzyme that acetylates actins generated new insight into the process of post-translational actin modifications; however, the role of NAA80 in human physiology and pathology has not been clarified yet. We report two individuals from a single family harbouring a homozygous c.389T>C, p.(Leu130Pro) NAA80 genetic variant. Both individuals show progressive high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss, craniofacial dysmorphisms, developmental delay and mild proximal and axial muscle weakness. Based on the molecular structure, we predicted and confirmed the NAA80 c.389T>C, p.(Leu130Pro) variant to result in protein destabilization, causing severely decreased NAA80 protein availability. Concurrently, individuals exhibited a ∼50% decrease of actin acetylation. NAA80 individual derived fibroblasts and peripheral blood mononuclear cells showed increased migration, increased filopodia counts and increased levels of polymerized actin, in agreement with previous observations in NAA80 knock-out cells. Furthermore, the significant clinical overlap between NAA80 individuals and individuals with pathogenic variants in several actin subtypes reflects the general importance of controlled actin dynamics for the inner ear, brain and muscle. Taken together, we describe a new syndrome, caused by NAA80 genetic variants leading to decreased actin acetylation and disrupted associated molecular functions. Our work suggests a crucial role for NAA80-mediated actin dynamics in neuronal health, muscle health and hearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena J J Muffels
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Division of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 EA Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Elsa Wiame
- Laboratoire de biologie moléculaire, UCLouvain-Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sabine A Fuchs
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Division of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 EA Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten P G Massink
- Department of Genetics, Section of Genome Diagnostics, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy and Biomedical Genetics, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Holger Rehmann
- Department of Energy and Biotechnology, Flensburg University of Applied Sciences, 24943 Flensburg, Germany
| | - Jiska L I Musch
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Division of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 EA Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gijs Van Haaften
- Department of Genetics, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy and Biomedical Genetics, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Didier Vertommen
- Mass Spectrometry Platform, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emile van Schaftingen
- Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, De Duve Institute, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter M van Hasselt
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Division of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 EA Utrecht, the Netherlands
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29
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DFNA20/26 and Other ACTG1-Associated Phenotypes: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Audiol Res 2021; 11:582-593. [PMID: 34698053 PMCID: PMC8544197 DOI: 10.3390/audiolres11040052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the early 2000s, an ever-increasing subset of missense pathogenic variants in the ACTG1 gene has been associated with an autosomal-dominant, progressive, typically post-lingual non-syndromic hearing loss (NSHL) condition designed as DFNA20/26. ACTG1 gene encodes gamma actin, the predominant actin protein in the cytoskeleton of auditory hair cells; its normal expression and function are essential for the stereocilia maintenance. Different gain-of-function pathogenic variants of ACTG1 have been associated with two major phenotypes: DFNA20/26 and Baraitser-Winter syndrome, a multiple congenital anomaly disorder. Here, we report a novel ACTG1 variant [c.625G>A (p. Val209Met)] in an adult patient with moderate-severe NSHL characterized by a downsloping audiogram. The patient, who had a clinical history of slowly progressive NSHL and tinnitus, was referred to our laboratory for the analysis of a large panel of NSHL-associated genes by next generation sequencing. An extensive review of previously reported ACTG1 variants and their associated phenotypes was also performed.
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30
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Papamichail M, Manolakos E, Papoulidis I, Siomou E, Eleftheriades A, Marinakis I, Tzanakis K, Sartsidis A, Vlahos NF, Eleftheriades M. Prenatal diagnosis of Baraitser - Winter syndrome using exome sequencing: Clinical report and review of literature. Eur J Med Genet 2021; 64:104318. [PMID: 34450357 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2021.104318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Baraitser - Winter Cerebrofrontofacial Syndrome (BWCFF) is a rare disorder characterized by facial dysmorphism and mental retardation of varying grades. The clinical phenotype of BWCFF indicates variable phenotypic expression involving various congenital malformations such as cardiac, renal and musculoskeletal abnormalities. Nevertheless, the prenatal presentation of BWCFF is rarely described, making prenatal diagnosis challenging. This report describes a prenatal diagnosis of BWCFF syndrome to date; a case of a fetus with intrauterine growth restriction, increased nuchal fold, bilateral hydronerphosis, rocker bottom foot and clubfoot detected on Anomaly Scan is outlined. Molecular karyotype failed to detect any abnormality. Assessment with Next Generation Sequencing was then performed, revealing a heterozygous de novo mutation in ACTB gene setting the diagnosis of BWCFF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Papamichail
- Postgraduate Programme "Maternal Fetal Medicine" Medical SchoolNational & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
| | - Emmanouil Manolakos
- Access To Genome (ATG), Clinical Laboratory Genetics, Athens-Thessaloniki-Belgrade, Greece
| | - Ioannis Papoulidis
- Access To Genome (ATG), Clinical Laboratory Genetics, Athens-Thessaloniki-Belgrade, Greece
| | - Elisavet Siomou
- Access To Genome (ATG), Clinical Laboratory Genetics, Athens-Thessaloniki-Belgrade, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Anastasios Sartsidis
- Access To Genome (ATG), Clinical Laboratory Genetics, Athens-Thessaloniki-Belgrade, Greece
| | - Nikolaos F Vlahos
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieio Hospital Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Makarios Eleftheriades
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieio Hospital Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
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31
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Miyoshi T, Belyantseva IA, Kitajiri SI, Miyajima H, Nishio SY, Usami SI, Kim BJ, Choi BY, Omori K, Shroff H, Friedman TB. Human deafness-associated variants alter the dynamics of key molecules in hair cell stereocilia F-actin cores. Hum Genet 2021; 141:363-382. [PMID: 34232383 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-021-02304-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Stereocilia protrude up to 100 µm from the apical surface of vertebrate inner ear hair cells and are packed with cross-linked filamentous actin (F-actin). They function as mechanical switches to convert sound vibration into electrochemical neuronal signals transmitted to the brain. Several genes encode molecular components of stereocilia including actin monomers, actin regulatory and bundling proteins, motor proteins and the proteins of the mechanotransduction complex. A stereocilium F-actin core is a dynamic system, which is continuously being remodeled while maintaining an outwardly stable architecture under the regulation of F-actin barbed-end cappers, severing proteins and crosslinkers. The F-actin cores of stereocilia also provide a pathway for motor proteins to transport cargos including components of tip-link densities, scaffolding proteins and actin regulatory proteins. Deficiencies and mutations of stereocilia components that disturb this "dynamic equilibrium" in stereocilia can induce morphological changes and disrupt mechanotransduction causing sensorineural hearing loss, best studied in mouse and zebrafish models. Currently, at least 23 genes, associated with human syndromic and nonsyndromic hearing loss, encode proteins involved in the development and maintenance of stereocilia F-actin cores. However, it is challenging to predict how variants associated with sensorineural hearing loss segregating in families affect protein function. Here, we review the functions of several molecular components of stereocilia F-actin cores and provide new data from our experimental approach to directly evaluate the pathogenicity and functional impact of reported and novel variants of DIAPH1 in autosomal-dominant DFNA1 hearing loss using single-molecule fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takushi Miyoshi
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, Room 1F-143A, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA. .,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Inna A Belyantseva
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, Room 1F-143A, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Shin-Ichiro Kitajiri
- Department of Hearing Implant Sciences, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 390-8621, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Hiroki Miyajima
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan.,Department of Otolaryngology, Aizawa Hospital, Matsumoto, 390-8510, Japan
| | - Shin-Ya Nishio
- Department of Hearing Implant Sciences, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 390-8621, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Usami
- Department of Hearing Implant Sciences, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 390-8621, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Bong Jik Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Sejong, 30099, South Korea.,Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea
| | - Byung Yoon Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, South Korea
| | - Koichi Omori
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hari Shroff
- Laboratory of High Resolution Optical Imaging, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Thomas B Friedman
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, Room 1F-143A, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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32
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Cancer type-specific alterations in actin genes: Worth a closer look? INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 360:133-184. [PMID: 33962749 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Actins form a strongly conserved family of proteins that are central to the functioning of the actin cytoskeleton partaking in natural processes such as cell division, adhesion, contraction and migration. These processes, however, also occur during the various phases of cancer progression. Yet, surprisingly, alterations in the six human actin genes in cancer studies have received little attention and the focus was mostly on deregulated expression levels of actins and even more so of actin-binding or regulatory proteins. Starting from the early mutation work in the 1980s, we propose based on reviewing literature and data from patient cancer genomes that alterations in actin genes are different in distinct cancer subtypes, suggesting some specificity. These actin gene alterations include (missense) mutations, gene fusions and copy number alterations (deletions and amplifications) and we illustrate their occurrence for a limited number of examples including actin mutations in lymphoid cancers and nonmelanoma skin cancer and actin gene copy number alterations for breast, prostate and liver cancers. A challenge in the future will be to further sort out the specificity per actin gene, alteration type and cancer subtype. Even more challenging is (experimentally) distinguishing between cause and consequence: which alterations are passengers and which are involved in tumor progression of particular cancer subtypes?
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33
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Brock S, Cools F, Jansen AC. Neuropathology of genetically defined malformations of cortical development-A systematic literature review. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2021; 47:585-602. [PMID: 33480109 PMCID: PMC8359484 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Malformations of cortical development (MCD) include a heterogeneous spectrum of clinical, imaging, molecular and histopathological entities. While the understanding of genetic causes of MCD has improved with the availability of next-generation sequencing modalities, genotype-histopathological correlations remain limited. This is the first systematic review of molecular and neuropathological findings in patients with MCD to provide a comprehensive overview of the literature. METHODS A systematic review was performed between November 2019 and February 2020. A MEDLINE search was conducted for 132 genes previously linked to MCD in order to identify studies reporting macroscopic and/or microscopic findings in patients with a confirmed genetic cause. RESULTS Eighty-one studies were included in this review reporting neuropathological features associated with pathogenic variants in 46 genes (46/132 genes, 34.8%). Four groups emerged, consisting of (1) 13 genes with well-defined histological-genotype correlations, (2) 27 genes for which neuropathological reports were limited, (3) 5 genes with conflicting neuropathological features, and (4) 87 genes for which no histological data were available. Lissencephaly and polymicrogyria were reported most frequently. Associated brain malformations were variably present, with abnormalities of the corpus callosum as most common associated feature. CONCLUSIONS Neuropathological data in patients with MCD with a defined genetic cause are available only for a small number of genes. As each genetic cause might lead to unique histopathological features of MCD, standardised thorough neuropathological assessment and reporting should be encouraged. Histological features can help improve the understanding of the pathogenesis of MCD and generate hypotheses with impact on further research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Brock
- Department of Pathology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium.,Neurogenetics Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Filip Cools
- Department of Neonatology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anna C Jansen
- Neurogenetics Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.,Pediatric Neurology Unit, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
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34
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Kolbjer S, Martin DA, Pettersson M, Dahlin M, Anderlid BM. Lissencephaly in an epilepsy cohort: Molecular, radiological and clinical aspects. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2021; 30:71-81. [PMID: 33453472 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2020.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lissencephaly is a rare malformation of cortical development due to abnormal transmantle migration resulting in absent or reduced gyration. The lissencephaly spectrum consists of agyria, pachygyria and subcortical band heterotopia. In this study we compared genetic aetiology, neuroradiology, clinical phenotype and response to antiepileptic drugs in patients with epilepsy and lissencephaly spectrum malformations. METHODS The study group consisted of 20 patients - 13 males and 7 females, aged 18 months to 21 years at the time of data collection. Genetic testing was performed by oligonucleotide array comparative genomic hybridization (microarray), multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), targeted gene panels and whole exome/genome sequencing. All neuroradiological investigations were re-evaluated and the malformations were classified by the same neuroradiologist. Clinical features and response to anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) were evaluated by retrospective review of medical records. RESULTS In eleven patients (55%) mutations in PAFAH1B1 (LIS1) or variable microdeletions of 17p13.3 including the PAFAH1B1 gene were detected. Four patients (20%) had tubulin encoding gene mutations (TUBA1A, TUBG1 and TUBGCP6). Mutations in DCX, DYNC1H1, ADGRG1 and WDR62 were identified in single patients. In one patient, a possibly pathogenic intragenic deletion in TRIO was detected. A clear radiologic distinction could be made between tubulinopathies and PAFAH1B1 related lissencephaly. The majority of the patients had therapy resistant epilepsy and epileptic spasms was the most prominent seizure type. The best therapeutic response to seizure control in our cohort was obtained by the ketogenic diet, vigabatrin, clobazam, phenobarbital and valproate. CONCLUSION The most common genetic aetiologies in our cohort of 20 individuals with epilepsy and lissencephaly spectrum were intragenic deletions or single nucleotide mutations in PAFAH1B1 or larger deletions in 17p13.3, encompassing PAFAH1B1, followed by mutations in tubulin encoding genes. Radiological findings could reliably predict molecular results only in agyria with a posterior to anterior gradient. Radiological and molecular findings did not correlate consistently with severity of clinical outcome or therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sintia Kolbjer
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neuropaediatrics, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Daniel A Martin
- Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Paediatric Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Pettersson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Dahlin
- Department of Neuropaediatrics, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Britt-Marie Anderlid
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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35
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Sun WR, Ramirez S, Spiller KE, Zhao Y, Fuhrmann S. Nf2 fine-tunes proliferation and tissue alignment during closure of the optic fissure in the embryonic mouse eye. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:3373-3387. [PMID: 33075808 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal coloboma represents one of the most common congenital ocular malformations accounting for up to 10% of childhood blindness (~1 in 5000 live birth). Coloboma originates from defective fusion of the optic fissure (OF), a transient gap that forms during eye morphogenesis by asymmetric, ventral invagination. Genetic heterogeneity combined with the activity of developmentally regulated genes suggests multiple mechanisms regulating OF closure. The tumor suppressor and FERM domain protein Neurofibromin 2 (NF2) controls diverse processes in cancer, development and regeneration, via Hippo pathway and cytoskeleton regulation. In humans, NF2 mutations can cause ocular abnormalities, including coloboma, however, its actual role in OF closure is unknown. Using conditional inactivation in the embryonic mouse eye, our data indicate that loss of Nf2 function results in a novel underlying cause for coloboma. In particular, mutant eyes show substantially increased retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) proliferation in the fissure region with concomitant acquisition of RPE cell fate. Cells lining the OF margin can maintain RPE fate ectopically and fail to transition from neuroepithelial to cuboidal shape. In the dorsal RPE of the optic cup, Nf2 inactivation leads to a robust increase in cell number, with local disorganization of the cytoskeleton components F-actin and pMLC2. We propose that RPE hyperproliferation is the primary cause for the observed defects causing insufficient alignment of the OF margins in Nf2 mutants and failure to fuse properly, resulting in persistent coloboma. Our findings indicate that limiting proliferation particularly in the RPE layer is a critical mechanism during OF closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley R Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, VEI, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sara Ramirez
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, VEI, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Kelly E Spiller
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, VEI, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, VEI, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sabine Fuhrmann
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, VEI, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
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36
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Vanslembrouck B, Ampe C, Hengel J. Time for rethinking the different β‐actin transgenic mouse models? Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2020; 77:527-543. [DOI: 10.1002/cm.21647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bieke Vanslembrouck
- Medical Cell Biology Research Group, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Christophe Ampe
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Jolanda Hengel
- Medical Cell Biology Research Group, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Ghent University Ghent Belgium
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37
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Seo YA, Choi EK, Aring L, Paschall M, Iwase S. Transcriptome Analysis of the Cerebellum of Mice Fed a Manganese-Deficient Diet. Front Genet 2020; 11:558725. [PMID: 33408735 PMCID: PMC7780674 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.558725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn), primarily acquired through diet, is required for brain function and development. Epidemiological studies have found an association between both low and high levels of Mn and impaired neurodevelopment in children. Recent genetic studies have revealed that patients with congenital Mn deficiency display severe psychomotor disability and cerebral and cerebellar atrophy. Although the impact of Mn on gene expression is beginning to be appreciated, Mn-dependent gene expression remains to be explored in vertebrate animals. The goal of this study was to use a mouse model to define the impact of a low-Mn diet on brain metal levels and gene expression. We interrogated gene expression changes in the Mn-deficient mouse brain at the genome-wide scale by RNA-seq analysis of the cerebellum of mice fed low or normal Mn diets. A total of 137 genes were differentially expressed in Mn-deficient cerebellums compared with Mn-adequate cerebellums (Padj < 0.05). Mn-deficient mice displayed downregulation of key pathways involved with "focal adhesion," "neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction," and "cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction" and upregulation of "herpes simplex virus 1 infection," "spliceosome," and "FoxO signaling pathway." Reactome pathway analysis identified upregulation of the splicing-related pathways and transcription-related pathways, as well as downregulation of "metabolism of carbohydrate," and "extracellular matrix organization," and "fatty acid metabolism" reactomes. The recurrent identifications of splicing-related pathways suggest that Mn deficiency leads to upregulation of splicing machineries and downregulation of diverse biological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ah Seo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Eun-Kyung Choi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Luisa Aring
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Molly Paschall
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Shigeki Iwase
- Department of Human Genetics, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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38
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Teng GZ, Dawson JF. The Dark Side of Actin: Cardiac actin variants highlight the role of allostery in disease development. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 695:108624. [PMID: 33049292 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the α-cardiac actin ACTC1 gene cause dilated or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. These diseases are the result of changes in protein interactions between ACTC protein and force-generating β-myosin or the calcium-dependent cardiac-tropomyosin (cTm) and cardiac troponin (cTn) regulatory complex, altering the overall contractile force. The T126I and S271F ACTC variants possess amino acid substitutions on the other side of actin relative to the myosin or regulatory protein binding sites on what we call the "dark side" of actin. The T126I change results in hyposensitivity to calcium, in accordance with the calcium sensitivity pathway of cardiomyopathy development while the S271F change alters the maximum in vitro motility sliding speed, reflecting a change in maximum force. These results demonstrate the role of actin allostery in the cardiac disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Zi Teng
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology and Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - John F Dawson
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology and Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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39
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Toral-Lopez J, Huerta LMG, Messina-Baas O, Cuevas-Covarrubias SA. Submicroscopic 11p13 deletion including the elongator acetyltransferase complex subunit 4 gene in a girl with language failure, intellectual disability and congenital malformations: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2020; 8:5296-5303. [PMID: 33269262 PMCID: PMC7674752 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i21.5296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We described the main features of an infant diagnosed with facial dysmorphic, language failure, intellectual disability and congenital malformations to strengthen our understanding of the disease. Currently, treatment is only rehabilitation and surgery for cleft lip and palate.
CASE SUMMARY The proband was a 2-years-8-months-old girl. Familial history was negative for congenital malformations or intellectual disability. The patient had microcephaly, upward-slanting palpebral fissures, depressed nasal bridge, bulbous nose and bilateral cleft lip and palate. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed cortical atrophy and band heterotopia. Her motor and intellectual development is delayed. A submicroscopic deletion in 11p13 involving the elongator acetyltransferase complex subunit 4 gene (ELP4) and a loss of heterozygosity in Xq25-q26.3 were detected.
CONCLUSION There is no treatment for the ELP4 deletion caused by a submicroscopic 11p3 deletion. We describe a second case of deletion of the ELP4 gene without aniridia, which confirms the association between ELP4 gene with several defects and absence of this ocular defect. Additional clinical data in the deletion of the ELP4 gene as cleft palate, facial dysmorphism, and changes at level brain could be associated to this gene or be part of the effect of the recessives genes involved in the loss of heterozygosity region of Xq25-26.3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Toral-Lopez
- Departamento de Genética Medica, Centro Medico Ecatepec, ISSEMYM, Ecatepec 55000, México
- Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Odontológicas y de la Salud/Hospital Infantil de México, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México 06720, México
| | | | - Olga Messina-Baas
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Hospital General de México, Cuauhtémoc 06720, México
| | - Sergio A Cuevas-Covarrubias
- Genetica, Hospital General de México, Cuauhtémoc 06726, Mexico
- Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Odontológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México 06720, Mexico
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40
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Polubothu S, Abdin D, Barysch M, Thomas A, Bulstrode N, Evans R, Solman L, Obwegeser J, Hennekam R, Weibel L, Calder A, Di Donato N, Kinsler V. Dermatological signs lead to discovery of mosaic
ACTB
variants in segmental odontomaxillary dysplasia. Br J Dermatol 2020; 183:1128-1130. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Polubothu
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine University College London GOS Institute of Child Health LondonWC1N 1EHUK
- Paediatric DermatologyGreat Ormond St Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust LondonWC1N 3JHUK
| | - D. Abdin
- Institute for Clinical Genetics Dresden Germany
| | - M. Barysch
- Dermatology Department University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - A. Thomas
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine University College London GOS Institute of Child Health LondonWC1N 1EHUK
| | - N. Bulstrode
- Plastic SurgeryGreat Ormond St Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust LondonWC1N 3JHUK
| | - R. Evans
- Maxillofacial and Dental DepartmentGreat Ormond St Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust LondonWC1N 3JHUK
| | - L. Solman
- Paediatric DermatologyGreat Ormond St Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust LondonWC1N 3JHUK
| | - J. Obwegeser
- Maxillofacial Surgery University Children’s Hospital Zurich and Limmat Cleft‐ and Craniofacial Center Zurich Switzerland
| | - R.C. Hennekam
- Department of Paediatrics Amsterdam UMC Meibergdreef 9 1105AZ Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - L. Weibel
- Dermatology Department University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - A. Calder
- Radiology Great Ormond St Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust LondonWC1N 3JHUK
| | | | - V.A. Kinsler
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine University College London GOS Institute of Child Health LondonWC1N 1EHUK
- Paediatric DermatologyGreat Ormond St Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust LondonWC1N 3JHUK
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41
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Gavrilovici C, Jiang Y, Kiroski I, Teskey GC, Rho JM, Nguyen MD. Postnatal Role of the Cytoskeleton in Adult Epileptogenesis. Cereb Cortex Commun 2020; 1:tgaa024. [PMID: 32864616 PMCID: PMC7446231 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgaa024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in cytoskeletal proteins can cause early infantile and childhood epilepsies by misplacing newly born neurons and altering neuronal connectivity. In the adult epileptic brain, cytoskeletal disruption is often viewed as being secondary to aberrant neuronal activity and/or death, and hence simply represents an epiphenomenon. Here, we review the emerging evidence collected in animal models and human studies implicating the cytoskeleton as a potential causative factor in adult epileptogenesis. Based on the emerging evidence, we propose that cytoskeletal disruption may be an important pathogenic mechanism in the mature epileptic brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezar Gavrilovici
- Departments of Neurosciences & Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Yulan Jiang
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Cell Biology & Anatomy, and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Ivana Kiroski
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Cell Biology & Anatomy, and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - G Campbell Teskey
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Jong M Rho
- Departments of Neurosciences & Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Minh Dang Nguyen
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Cell Biology & Anatomy, and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary T2N 4N1, Canada
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42
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Sprenkeler EGG, Webbers SDS, Kuijpers TW. When Actin is Not Actin' Like It Should: A New Category of Distinct Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders. J Innate Immun 2020; 13:3-25. [PMID: 32846417 DOI: 10.1159/000509717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) have been identified over the last decade, which are caused by deleterious mutations in genes encoding for proteins involved in actin cytoskeleton regulation. These mutations primarily affect hematopoietic cells and lead to defective function of immune cells, such as impaired motility, signaling, proliferative capacity, and defective antimicrobial host defense. Here, we review several of these immunological "actinopathies" and cover both clinical aspects, as well as cellular mechanisms of these PIDs. We focus in particular on the effect of these mutations on human neutrophil function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien G G Sprenkeler
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, .,Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, AUMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,
| | - Steven D S Webbers
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, AUMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Taco W Kuijpers
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, AUMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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43
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Ji Y, Garland MA, Sun B, Zhang S, Reynolds K, McMahon M, Rajakumar R, Islam MS, Liu Y, Chen Y, Zhou CJ. Cellular and developmental basis of orofacial clefts. Birth Defects Res 2020; 112:1558-1587. [PMID: 32725806 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
During craniofacial development, defective growth and fusion of the upper lip and/or palate can cause orofacial clefts (OFCs), which are among the most common structural birth defects in humans. The developmental basis of OFCs includes morphogenesis of the upper lip, primary palate, secondary palate, and other orofacial structures, each consisting of diverse cell types originating from all three germ layers: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. Cranial neural crest cells and orofacial epithelial cells are two major cell types that interact with various cell lineages and play key roles in orofacial development. The cellular basis of OFCs involves defective execution in any one or several of the following processes: neural crest induction, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, migration, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, primary cilia formation and its signaling transduction, epithelial seam formation and disappearance, periderm formation and peeling, convergence and extrusion of palatal epithelial seam cells, cell adhesion, cytoskeleton dynamics, and extracellular matrix function. The latest cellular and developmental findings may provide a basis for better understanding of the underlying genetic, epigenetic, environmental, and molecular mechanisms of OFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA.,Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (BMCDB) graduate group, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Michael A Garland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Shuwen Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Kurt Reynolds
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA.,Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (BMCDB) graduate group, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Moira McMahon
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Ratheya Rajakumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Mohammad S Islam
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Yue Liu
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - YiPing Chen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Chengji J Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA.,Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (BMCDB) graduate group, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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44
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Zhang K, Cox E, Strom S, Xu ZL, Disilvestro A, Usrey K. Prenatal presentation and diagnosis of Baraitser-Winter syndrome using exome sequencing. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 182:2124-2128. [PMID: 32588558 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Baraitser-Winter cerebrofrontofacial syndrome (BWCFF) is a rare autosomal dominant developmental disorder associated with missense mutations in the genes ACTB or ACTG1. The classic presentation of BWCFF is discerned by the combination of unique craniofacial characteristics including ocular coloboma, intellectual disability, and hypertelorism. Congenital contractures and organ malformations are often present, including structural defects in the brain, heart, renal, and musculoskeletal system. However, there is limited documentation regarding its prenatal presentation that may encourage healthcare providers to be aware of this disorder when presented throughout pregnancy. Herein we describe a case of a pregnancy with large cystic hygroma and omphalocele. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed and a de novo, heterozygous, likely pathogenic mutation in ACTB was detected, c.1004G>A (p.Arg335His), conferring a diagnosis of BWCFF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kermit Zhang
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
| | - Eleina Cox
- Fulgent Genetics, Temple City, California, USA
| | | | | | - Alexis Disilvestro
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, Virginia, USA.,Maternal Fetal Medicine, Carilion Clinic, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
| | - Kelly Usrey
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, Virginia, USA.,Maternal Fetal Medicine, Carilion Clinic, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
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45
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Hampshire K, Martin PM, Carlston C, Slavotinek A. Baraitser-Winter cerebrofrontofacial syndrome: Report of two adult siblings. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 182:1923-1932. [PMID: 32506774 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Baraitser-Winter cerebrofrontofacial syndrome (BWCS) is a rare, autosomal dominant condition that is characterized by intellectual disability, distinctive craniofacial features, structural brain abnormalities, seizures, microcephaly, hearing loss, and ocular colobomas. The first three cases were described in 1988 by Baraitser and Winter and included two siblings and an unrelated third patient. Subsequently, causative missense variants in the ACTB and ACTG1 genes were identified, with de novo occurrence in patients with the condition. Herein, we describe two adult siblings who were born to unaffected parents and who were diagnosed with BWCS in their fourth and sixth decade of life following exome sequencing performed for intellectual disability. We review the literature reports of adult patients with BWCS to document the clinical features and phenotypic variability that can occur later in life. This is the first molecularly confirmed report of germline mosaicism in BWCS and one of only a few reports to describe two BWCS patients belonging to the same family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karly Hampshire
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Pierre-Marie Martin
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Colleen Carlston
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Anne Slavotinek
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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46
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Parker F, Baboolal TG, Peckham M. Actin Mutations and Their Role in Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093371. [PMID: 32397632 PMCID: PMC7247010 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin is a widely expressed protein found in almost all eukaryotic cells. In humans, there are six different genes, which encode specific actin isoforms. Disease-causing mutations have been described for each of these, most of which are missense. Analysis of the position of the resulting mutated residues in the protein reveals mutational hotspots. Many of these occur in regions important for actin polymerization. We briefly discuss the challenges in characterizing the effects of these actin mutations, with a focus on cardiac actin mutations.
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47
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Witjes L, Van Troys M, Verhasselt B, Ampe C. Prevalence of Cytoplasmic Actin Mutations in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma and Multiple Myeloma: A Functional Assessment Based on Actin Three-Dimensional Structures. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093093. [PMID: 32349449 PMCID: PMC7247664 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in actins have been linked to several developmental diseases. Their occurrence across different cancers has, however, not been investigated. Using the cBioPortal database we show that human actins are infrequently mutated in patient samples of various cancers types. Nevertheless, ranking these studies by mutational frequency suggest that some have a higher percentage of patients with ACTB and ACTG1 mutations. Within studies on hematological cancers, mutations in ACTB and ACTG1 are associated with lymphoid cancers since none have currently been reported in myeloid cancers. Within the different types of lymphoid cancers ACTB mutations are most frequent in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and ACTG1 mutations in multiple myeloma. We mapped the ACTB and ACTG1 mutations found in these two cancer types on the 3D-structure of actin showing they are in regions important for actin polymer formation or binding to myosin. The potential effects of the mutations on actin properties imply that mutations in cytoplasmic actins deserve dedicated research in DLBCL and multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Witjes
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marleen Van Troys
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bruno Verhasselt
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christophe Ampe
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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48
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Malek N, Mrówczyńska E, Michrowska A, Mazurkiewicz E, Pavlyk I, Mazur AJ. Knockout of ACTB and ACTG1 with CRISPR/Cas9(D10A) Technique Shows that Non-Muscle β and γ Actin Are Not Equal in Relation to Human Melanoma Cells' Motility and Focal Adhesion Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082746. [PMID: 32326615 PMCID: PMC7216121 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-muscle actins have been studied for many decades; however, the reason for the existence of both isoforms is still unclear. Here we show, for the first time, a successful inactivation of the ACTB (CRISPR clones with inactivated ACTB, CR-ACTB) and ACTG1 (CRISPR clones with inactivated ACTG1, CR-ACTG1) genes in human melanoma cells (A375) via the RNA-guided D10A mutated Cas9 nuclease gene editing [CRISPR/Cas9(D10A)] technique. This approach allowed us to evaluate how melanoma cell motility was impacted by the lack of either β actin coded by ACTB or γ actin coded by ACTG1. First, we observed different distributions of β and γ actin in the cells, and the absence of one actin isoform was compensated for via increased expression of the other isoform. Moreover, we noted that γ actin knockout had more severe consequences on cell migration and invasion than β actin knockout. Next, we observed that the formation rate of bundled stress fibers in CR-ACTG1 cells was increased, but lamellipodial activity in these cells was impaired, compared to controls. Finally, we discovered that the formation rate of focal adhesions (FAs) and, subsequently, FA-dependent signaling were altered in both the CR-ACTB and CR-ACTG1 clones; however, a more detrimental effect was observed for γ actin-deficient cells. Our research shows that both non-muscle actins play distinctive roles in melanoma cells’ FA formation and motility.
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49
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Atzmony L, Ugwu N, Zaki TD, Antaya RJ, Choate KA. Post-zygotic ACTB mutations underlie congenital smooth muscle hamartomas. J Cutan Pathol 2020; 47:681-685. [PMID: 32170967 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital smooth muscle hamartomas (CSMHs) are benign lesions that share clinical and histopathological features with Becker nevus, a mosaic disorder associated with post-zygotic ACTB mutations. Given the clinical and histopathological overlap between CSMH and Becker nevus, we hypothesized that post-zygotic mutations in ACTB may underlie CSMH. METHODS Direct sequencing of ACTB gene in affected and unaffected tissue isolated from one case of hemihypertrichosis and hemihypertrophy corresponding to giant segmental CSMH and hemihypertrophy. This was followed by direct sequencing with and without enrichment assay for hotspot ACTB mutations in affected tissue from 12 samples of isolated CSMH from unrelated individuals. RESULTS In total we identified somatic missense ACTB mutations in 9 out of 13 CSMHs (69%). Mutations were either novel or previously reported in Becker nevi and Becker nevus syndrome. CONCLUSIONS CSMHs result from post-zygotic ACTB mutations. This study proves that CSMHs and Becker nevi are nosologically related, and expand the phenotypic spectrum of ACTB mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihi Atzmony
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nelson Ugwu
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Theodore D Zaki
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Richard J Antaya
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Keith A Choate
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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50
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Artusi CA, Dwivedi A, Romagnolo A, Bortolani S, Marsili L, Imbalzano G, Sturchio A, Keeling EG, Zibetti M, Contarino MF, Fasano A, Tagliati M, Okun MS, Espay AJ, Lopiano L, Merola A. Differential response to pallidal deep brain stimulation among monogenic dystonias: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2020; 91:426-433. [PMID: 32079672 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2019-322169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genetic subtypes of dystonia may respond differentially to deep brain stimulation of the globus pallidus pars interna (GPi DBS). We sought to compare GPi DBS outcomes among the most common monogenic dystonias. METHODS This systematic review and meta-analysis followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. We searched PubMed for studies on genetically confirmed monogenic dystonia treated with GPi DBS documenting pre-surgical and post-surgical assessments using the Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale Motor Score (BFMMS) and Burke-Fahn-Marsden Disability Score (BFMDS). We performed (i) meta-analysis for each gene mutation; (ii) weighted ordinary linear regression analyses to compare BFMMS and BFMDS outcomes between DYT-TOR1A and other monogenic dystonias, adjusting for age and disease duration and (iii) weighted linear regression analysis to estimate the effect of age, sex and disease duration on GPi DBS outcomes. Results were summarised with mean change and 95% CI. RESULTS DYT-TOR1A (68%, 38.4 points; p<0.001), DYT-THAP1 (37% 14.5 points; p<0.001) and NBIA/DYT-PANK2 (27%, 21.4 points; p<0.001) improved in BFMMS; only DYT-TOR1A improved in BFMDS (69%, 9.7 points; p<0.001). Improvement in DYT-TOR1A was significantly greater than in DYT-THAP1 (BFMMS -31%), NBIA/DYT-PANK2 (BFMMS -35%; BFMDS -53%) and CHOR/DYT-ADCY5 (BFMMS -36%; BFMDS -42%). Worse motor outcomes were associated with longer dystonia duration and older age at dystonia onset in DYT-TOR1A, longer dystonia duration in DYT/PARK-TAF1 and younger age at dystonia onset in DYT-SGCE. CONCLUSIONS GPi DBS outcomes vary across monogenic dystonias. These data serve to inform patient selection and prognostic counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Alberto Artusi
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Alok Dwivedi
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Alberto Romagnolo
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Sara Bortolani
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Marsili
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Gabriele Imbalzano
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Sturchio
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Maurizio Zibetti
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Fiorella Contarino
- Department of Neurology, Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, The Netherlands.,Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alfonso Fasano
- Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic. Division of Neurology, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michele Tagliati
- Department of Neurology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - M S Okun
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Alberto J Espay
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Leonardo Lopiano
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Aristide Merola
- Department of Neurology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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