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Park M, Shin JE, Yee J, Ahn YM, Joo EJ. Gene-gene interaction analysis for age at onset of bipolar disorder in a Korean population. J Affect Disord 2024; 361:97-103. [PMID: 38834091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple genes might interact to determine the age at onset of bipolar disorder. We investigated gene-gene interactions related to age at onset of bipolar disorder in the Korean population, using genome-wide association study (GWAS) data. METHODS The study population consisted of 303 patients with bipolar disorder. First, the top 1000 significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with age at onset of bipolar disorder were selected through single SNP analysis by simple linear regression. Subsequently, the QMDR method was used to find gene-gene interactions. RESULTS The best 10 SNPs from simple regression were located in chromosome 1, 2, 3, 10, 11, 14, 19, and 21. Only five SNPs were found in several genes, such as FOXN3, KIAA1217, OPCML, CAMSAP2, and PTPRS. On QMDR analyses, five pairs of SNPs showed significant interactions with a CVC exceeding 1/5 in a two-locus model. The best interaction was found for the pair of rs60830549 and rs12952733 (CVC = 1/5, P < 1E-07). In three-locus models, four combinations of SNPs showed significant associations with age at onset, with a CVC of >1/5. The best three-locus combination was rs60830549, rs12952733, and rs12952733 (CVC = 2/5, P < 1E-6). The SNPs showing significant interactions were located in the KIAA1217, RBFOX3, SDK2, CYP19A1, NTM, SMYD3, and RBFOX1 genes. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis confirmed genetic interactions influencing the age of onset for bipolar disorder and identified several potential candidate genes. Further exploration of the functions of these promising genes, which may have multiple roles within the neuronal network, is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Shin
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyong Yee
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Min Ahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jeong Joo
- Department of Psychiatry, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea; Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Eiman MN, Kumar S, Serrano Negron YL, Tansey TR, Harbison ST. Genome-wide association in Drosophila identifies a role for Piezo and Proc-R in sleep latency. Sci Rep 2024; 14:260. [PMID: 38168575 PMCID: PMC10761942 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50552-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Sleep latency, the amount of time that it takes an individual to fall asleep, is a key indicator of sleep need. Sleep latency varies considerably both among and within species and is heritable, but lacks a comprehensive description of its underlying genetic network. Here we conduct a genome-wide association study of sleep latency. Using previously collected sleep and activity data on a wild-derived population of flies, we calculate sleep latency, confirming significant, heritable genetic variation for this complex trait. We identify 520 polymorphisms in 248 genes contributing to variability in sleep latency. Tests of mutations in 23 candidate genes and additional putative pan-neuronal knockdown of 9 of them implicated CG44153, Piezo, Proc-R and Rbp6 in sleep latency. Two large-effect mutations in the genes Proc-R and Piezo were further confirmed via genetic rescue. This work greatly enhances our understanding of the genetic factors that influence variation in sleep latency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew N Eiman
- Laboratory of Systems Genetics, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shailesh Kumar
- Laboratory of Systems Genetics, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Division of Neuroscience and Behavior, National Institute On Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yazmin L Serrano Negron
- Laboratory of Systems Genetics, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Terry R Tansey
- Laboratory of Systems Genetics, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Susan T Harbison
- Laboratory of Systems Genetics, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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3
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Palagini L, Geoffroy PA, Gehrman PR, Miniati M, Gemignani A, Riemann D. Potential genetic and epigenetic mechanisms in insomnia: A systematic review. J Sleep Res 2023; 32:e13868. [PMID: 36918298 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Insomnia is a stress-related sleep disorder conceptualised within a diathesis-stress framework, which it is thought to result from predisposing factors interacting with precipitating stressful events that trigger the development of insomnia. Among predisposing factors genetics and epigenetics may play a role. A systematic review of the current evidence for the genetic and epigenetic basis of insomnia was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) system. A total of 24 studies were collected for twins and family heritability, 55 for genome-wide association studies, 26 about candidate genes for insomnia, and eight for epigenetics. Data showed that insomnia is a complex polygenic stress-related disorder, and it is likely to be caused by a synergy of genetic and environmental factors, with stress-related sleep reactivity being the important trait. Even if few studies have been conducted to date on insomnia, epigenetics may be the framework to understand long-lasting consequences of the interaction between genetic and environmental factors and effects of stress on the brain in insomnia. Interestingly, polygenic risk for insomnia has been causally linked to different mental and medical disorders. Probably, by treating insomnia it would be possible to intervene on the effect of stress on the brain and prevent some medical and mental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Palagini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Psychiatry, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana AUOP, Pisa, Italy
| | - Pierre A Geoffroy
- Département de Psychiatrie et D'Addictologie, AP-HP, GHU Paris Nord, DMU Neurosciences, Hopital Bichat - Claude Bernard, Paris, France
- GHU Paris - Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Philip R Gehrman
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mario Miniati
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Psychiatry, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana AUOP, Pisa, Italy
| | - Angelo Gemignani
- Unit of Psychology, Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana AUOP, Pisa, Italy
| | - Dieter Riemann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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4
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Liu S, Liu J, Su J, Zhang F. Efficacy and safety of electroacupuncture for secondary sleep disorders: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34150. [PMID: 37390293 PMCID: PMC10313263 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the efficacy and safety of electroacupuncture (EA) for secondary insomnia through a meta-analysis and a systematic review. METHODS The CNKI, Wanfang, VIP database, Web of Science, EMBASE, PubMed, and Cochrane Library were retrieved. The retrieval date was February 28, 2023. Two independent reviewers conducted literature screening, data extraction, and risk of bias (ROB) assessment. The revised Cochrane ROB tool was used to assess the ROB in included studies. Data analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software and Stata 15.0. RESULTS Thirteen randomized controlled studies were included, involving 820 patients, including 414 patients in EA group and 406 patients in the control group. Compared with the control group, EA could improve secondary insomnia overall responses (relative risk = 3.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.87, 8.13], P < .001), reduce Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score (mean difference [MD] = -2.26, 95% CI [-4.14, -0.37], P = .02), reduce Athens Insomnia Scale score (MD = -0.57, 95% CI [-2.70, 1.56], P = .60), prolonged total sleep time (MD = 2.63, 95% CI [-0.59, 5.86], P = .11), and not increase adverse events (relative risk = 0.50, 95% CI [0.18, 1.44], P = .20). CONCLUSION EA may be a promising treatment for secondary sleep disorders; however, more high-quality studies are needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiping Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine: Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine: Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jinfeng Su
- School of Basic Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine: Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Fuli Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine: Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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5
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Lane JM, Qian J, Mignot E, Redline S, Scheer FAJL, Saxena R. Genetics of circadian rhythms and sleep in human health and disease. Nat Rev Genet 2023; 24:4-20. [PMID: 36028773 PMCID: PMC10947799 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-022-00519-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms and sleep are fundamental biological processes integral to human health. Their disruption is associated with detrimental physiological consequences, including cognitive, metabolic, cardiovascular and immunological dysfunctions. Yet many of the molecular underpinnings of sleep regulation in health and disease have remained elusive. Given the moderate heritability of circadian and sleep traits, genetics offers an opportunity that complements insights from model organism studies to advance our fundamental molecular understanding of human circadian and sleep physiology and linked chronic disease biology. Here, we review recent discoveries of the genetics of circadian and sleep physiology and disorders with a focus on those that reveal causal contributions to complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M Lane
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital; and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jingyi Qian
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital; and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emmanuel Mignot
- Center for Narcolepsy, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital; and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital; and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Richa Saxena
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital; and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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6
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Harbison ST. What have we learned about sleep from selective breeding strategies? Sleep 2022; 45:zsac147. [PMID: 36111812 PMCID: PMC9644121 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective breeding is a classic technique that enables an experimenter to modify a heritable target trait as desired. Direct selective breeding for extreme sleep and circadian phenotypes in flies successfully alters these behaviors, and sleep and circadian perturbations emerge as correlated responses to selection for other traits in mice, rats, and dogs. The application of sequencing technologies to the process of selective breeding identifies the genetic network impacting the selected trait in a holistic way. Breeding techniques preserve the extreme phenotypes generated during selective breeding, generating community resources for further functional testing. Selective breeding is thus a unique strategy that can explore the phenotypic limits of sleep and circadian behavior, discover correlated responses of traits having shared genetic architecture with the target trait, identify naturally-occurring genomic variants and gene expression changes that affect trait variability, and pinpoint genes with conserved roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan T Harbison
- Laboratory of Systems Genetics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD,USA
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7
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Rbfox1 expression in amacrine cells is restricted to GABAergic and VGlut3 glycinergic cells. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231460. [PMID: 35730583 PMCID: PMC9272594 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20220497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rbfox1 is a multifunctional RNA binding protein that regulates alternative splicing, transcription, mRNA stability and translation. Rbfox1 is an important regulator of gene networks involved in neurogenesis and neuronal function. Disruption of Rbfox function has been associated with several neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. We have shown earlier that Rbfox1 is expressed in retinal ganglion and amacrine cells (ACs) and that its downregulation in adult mouse retinas leads to deficiency of depth perception. In this study, we used several markers of ACs, including GABA, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), neuropeptide Y (NPY), glycine transporter (GlyT1) and vesicular glutamate transporter 3 (VGlut3) to identify types of ACs that express Rbfox1. Expression of Rbfox1 was observed predominantly in GABAergic ACs located in the INL and GCL. All GABAergic/cholinergic starburst ACs and virtually all NPY-positive GABAergic ACs were also Rbfox1-positive. Among glycinergic ACs, a sparse population of Rbfox1/VGlut3-positive cells was identified, indicating that Rbfox1 is expressed in a very small population of glycinergic ACs. These data contributes to our understanding about molecular differences between various types of amacrine cells and the cell-specific gene networks regulated by Rbfox1.
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8
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Mainieri G, Montini A, Nicotera A, Di Rosa G, Provini F, Loddo G. The Genetics of Sleep Disorders in Children: A Narrative Review. Brain Sci 2021; 11:1259. [PMID: 34679324 PMCID: PMC8534132 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11101259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is a universal, highly preserved process, essential for human and animal life, whose complete functions are yet to be unravelled. Familial recurrence is acknowledged for some sleep disorders, but definite data are lacking for many of them. Genetic studies on sleep disorders have progressed from twin and family studies to candidate gene approaches to culminate in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Several works disclosed that sleep-wake characteristics, in addition to electroencephalographic (EEG) sleep patterns, have a certain degree of heritability. Notwithstanding, it is rare for sleep disorders to be attributed to single gene defects because of the complexity of the brain network/pathways involved. Besides, the advancing insights in epigenetic gene-environment interactions add further complexity to understanding the genetic control of sleep and its disorders. This narrative review explores the current genetic knowledge in sleep disorders in children, following the International Classification of Sleep Disorders-Third Edition (ICSD-3) categorisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Mainieri
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (G.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Angelica Montini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (G.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Antonio Nicotera
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age, “Gaetano Barresi” University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy; (A.N.); (G.D.R.)
| | - Gabriella Di Rosa
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age, “Gaetano Barresi” University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy; (A.N.); (G.D.R.)
| | - Federica Provini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (G.M.); (A.M.)
- IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy
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9
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Gu L, Kwong JM, Caprioli J, Piri N. Loss of Rbfox1 Does Not Affect Survival of Retinal Ganglion Cells Injured by Optic Nerve Crush. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:687690. [PMID: 34108862 PMCID: PMC8180555 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.687690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rbfox1 is a multifunctional RNA binding protein that regulates alternative splicing, transcription, mRNA stability and translation. Its roles in neurogenesis and neuronal functions are well established. Recent studies also implicate Rbfox1 in the regulation of gene networks that support cell survival during stress. We have earlier characterized the expression of Rbfox1 in amacrine and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and showed that deletion of Rbfox1 in adult animals results in depth perception deficiency. The current study investigates the effect of Rbfox1 downregulation on survival of RGCs injured by optic nerve crush (ONC). Seven days after ONC, animals sustained severe degeneration of RGC axons in the optic nerve and significant loss of RGC somas. Semi-quantitative grading of optic nerve damage in control + ONC, control + tamoxifen + ONC, and Rbfox1 -/- + ONC groups ranged from 4.6 to 4.8 on a scale of 1 (normal; no degenerated axons were noted) to 5 (total degeneration; all axons showed degenerated organelles, axonal content, and myelin sheath), indicating a severe degeneration. Among these three ONC groups, no statistical significance was observed when any two groups were compared. The number of RGC somas were quantitatively analyzed in superior, inferior, nasal and temporal retinal quadrants at 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mm from the center of the optic disc. The average RGC densities (cells/mm2) were: control 6,438 ± 1,203; control + ONC 2,779 ± 573; control + tamoxifen 6,163 ± 861; control + tamoxifen + ONC 2,573 ± 555; Rbfox1 -/- 6,437 ± 893; and Rbfox1 -/- + ONC 2,537 ± 526. The RGC loss in control + ONC, control + tamoxifen + ONC and Rbfox1 -/- + ONC was 57% (P = 1.44954E-42), 58% (P = 1.37543E-57) and 61% (P = 5.552E-59) compared to RGC numbers in the relevant uninjured groups, respectively. No statistically significant difference was observed between any two groups of uninjured animals or between any two ONC groups. Our data indicate that Rbfox1-mediated pathways have no effect on survival of RGCs injured by ONC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gu
- Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jacky M Kwong
- Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Joseph Caprioli
- Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Natik Piri
- Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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10
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Daytime sleepiness might increase the risk of ALS: a 2-sample Mendelian randomization study. J Neurol 2021; 268:4332-4339. [PMID: 33914140 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-021-10564-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies have indicated that there is a high prevalence of habitual sleep disturbances in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, the actual relationship between these symptoms and ALS remains unclear. METHODS We used 2-sample Mendelian randomization to determine whether the sleep disturbances associated with ALS are also related to the risk of ALS. The summary statistics we used were from recent, large genome-wide association studies on daytime sleepiness and other night sleep traits (n = 85,670-452,071) and ALS (n = 20,806 cases, n = 59,804 controls). The inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method was used as the main method for assessing causality. RESULTS Daytime sleepiness might increase the risk of ALS (IVW odds ratio = 2.45, 95% confidence interval: 1.15-5.21; P = 0.020). ALS was not associated with sleep efficiency, number of sleep episodes or sleep duration. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide novel evidence that daytime sleepiness increases the risk of ALS and points out the importance of daytime sleepiness that often goes unnoticed in ALS.
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11
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Khoury S, Wang QP, Parisien M, Gris P, Bortsov AV, Linnstaedt SD, McLean SA, Tungate AS, Sofer T, Lee J, Louie T, Redline S, Kaunisto MA, Kalso EA, Munter HM, Nackley AG, Slade GD, Smith SB, Zaykin DV, Fillingim RB, Ohrbach R, Greenspan JD, Maixner W, Neely GG, Diatchenko L. Multi-ethnic GWAS and meta-analysis of sleep quality identify MPP6 as a novel gene that functions in sleep center neurons. Sleep 2021; 44:zsaa211. [PMID: 33034629 PMCID: PMC7953222 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor sleep quality can have harmful health consequences. Although many aspects of sleep are heritable, the understandings of genetic factors involved in its physiology remain limited. Here, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) in a multi-ethnic discovery cohort (n = 2868) and found two novel genome-wide loci on chromosomes 2 and 7 associated with global sleep quality. A meta-analysis in 12 independent cohorts (100 000 individuals) replicated the association on chromosome 7 between NPY and MPP6. While NPY is an important sleep gene, we tested for an independent functional role of MPP6. Expression data showed an association of this locus with both NPY and MPP6 mRNA levels in brain tissues. Moreover, knockdown of an orthologue of MPP6 in Drosophila melanogaster sleep center neurons resulted in decreased sleep duration. With convergent evidence, we describe a new locus impacting human variability in sleep quality through known NPY and novel MPP6 sleep genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Khoury
- The Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Qiao-Ping Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Marc Parisien
- The Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Pavel Gris
- The Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Andrey V Bortsov
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Sarah D Linnstaedt
- Institute for Trauma Recovery and Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Samuel A McLean
- Institute for Trauma Recovery and Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Andrew S Tungate
- Institute for Trauma Recovery and Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Tamar Sofer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jiwon Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Tin Louie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Susan Redline
- Department of Medicine, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mari Anneli Kaunisto
- Department of Diagnostics and Therapeutics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eija A Kalso
- Department of Diagnostics and Therapeutics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Andrea G Nackley
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Gary D Slade
- School of dentistry, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Shad B Smith
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Dmitri V Zaykin
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | | | - Richard Ohrbach
- Department of Oral Diagnostic Services, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
| | - Joel D Greenspan
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, Brotman Facial Pain Clinic, School of Dentistry and Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - William Maixner
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - G Gregory Neely
- The Dr. John and Anne Chong Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Luda Diatchenko
- The Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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12
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Genome-wide association analysis of insomnia using data from Partners Biobank. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6928. [PMID: 32332799 PMCID: PMC7181749 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63792-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Insomnia is one of the most prevalent and burdensome mental disorders worldwide, affecting between 10–20% of adults and up to 48% of the geriatric population. It is further associated with substance usage and dependence, as well other psychiatric disorders. In this study, we combined electronic health record (EHR) derived phenotypes and genotype information to conduct a genome wide analysis of insomnia in a 18,055 patient cohort. Diagnostic codes were used to identify 3,135 patients with insomnia. Our genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified one novel genomic risk locus on chromosome 8 (lead SNP rs17052966, p = 4.53 × 10−9, odds ratio = 1.28, se = 0.04). The heritability analysis indicated that common SNPs accounts for 7% (se = 0.02, p = 0.015) of phenotypic variation. We further conducted a large-scale meta-analysis of our results and summary statistics of two recent insomnia GWAS and 13 significant loci were identified. The genetic correlation analysis yielded a strong positive genetic correlation between insomnia and alcohol use (rG = 0.56, se = 0.14, p < 0.001), nicotine use (rG = 0.50, se = 0.12, p < 0.001) and opioid use (rG = 0.43, se = 0.18, p = 0.02) disorders, suggesting a significant common genetic risk factors between insomnia and substance use.
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13
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Genetics of Circadian and Sleep Measures in Adults: Implications for Sleep Medicine. CURRENT SLEEP MEDICINE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40675-020-00165-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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14
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Al-Eitan LN, Alghamdi MA, Tarkhan AH, Al-Qarqaz FA. Genome-Wide CpG Island Methylation Profiles of Cutaneous Skin with and without HPV Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4822. [PMID: 31569353 PMCID: PMC6801420 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
HPV infection is one of the most commonly transmitted diseases among the global population. While it can be asymptomatic, non-genital HPV infection often gives rise to cutaneous warts, which are benign growths arising from the epidermal layer of the skin. This study aimed to produce a global analysis of the ways in which cutaneous wart formation affected the CpG island methylome. The Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip microarray was utilized in order to quantitatively interrogate CpG island methylation in genomic DNA extracted from 24 paired wart and normal skin samples. Differential methylation analysis was carried out by means of assigning a combined rank score using RnBeads. The 1000 top-ranking CpG islands were then subject to Locus Overlap Analysis (LOLA) for enrichment of genomic ranges, while signaling pathway analysis was carried out on the top 100 differentially methylated CpG islands. Differential methylation analysis illustrated that the most differentially methylated CpG islands in warts lay within the ITGB5, DTNB, RBFOX3, SLC6A9, and C2orf27A genes. In addition, the most enriched genomic region sets in warts were Sheffield's tissue-clustered DNase hypersensitive sites, ENCODE's segmentation and transcription factor binding sites, codex sites, and the epigenome sites from cistrome. Lastly, signaling pathway analysis showed that the GRB2, GNB1, NTRK1, AXIN1, and SKI genes were the most common regulators of the genes associated with the top 100 most differentially methylated CpG islands in warts. Our study shows that HPV-induced cutaneous warts have a clear CpG island methylation profile that sets them apart from normal skin. Such a finding could account for the temporary nature of warts and the capacity for individuals to undergo clinical remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laith N Al-Eitan
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
| | - Mansour A Alghamdi
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Amneh H Tarkhan
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
| | - Firas A Al-Qarqaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, King Abdullah University Hospital Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
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15
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Crawford B, Craig Z, Mansell G, White I, Smith A, Spaull S, Imm J, Hannon E, Wood A, Yaghootkar H, Ji Y, Mullins N, Lewis CM, Mill J, Murphy TM. DNA methylation and inflammation marker profiles associated with a history of depression. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 27:2840-2850. [PMID: 29790996 PMCID: PMC6680088 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a common and disabling disorder, representing a major social and economic health issue. Moreover, depression is associated with the progression of diseases with an inflammatory etiology including many inflammatory-related disorders. At the molecular level, the mechanisms by which depression might promote the onset of these diseases and associated immune-dysfunction are not well understood. In this study we assessed genome-wide patterns of DNA methylation in whole blood-derived DNA obtained from individuals with a self-reported history of depression (n = 100) and individuals without a history of depression (n = 100) using the Illumina 450K microarray. Our analysis identified six significant (Šidák corrected P < 0.05) depression-associated differentially methylated regions (DMRs); the top-ranked DMR was located in exon 1 of the LTB4R2 gene (Šidák corrected P = 1.27 × 10-14). Polygenic risk scores (PRS) for depression were generated and known biological markers of inflammation, telomere length (TL) and IL-6, were measured in DNA and serum samples, respectively. Next, we employed a systems-level approach to identify networks of co-methylated loci associated with a history of depression, in addition to depression PRS, TL and IL-6 levels. Our analysis identified one depression-associated co-methylation module (P = 0.04). Interestingly, the depression-associated module was highly enriched for pathways related to immune function and was also associated with TL and IL-6 cytokine levels. In summary, our genome-wide DNA methylation analysis of individuals with and without a self-reported history of depression identified several candidate DMRs of potential relevance to the pathogenesis of depression and its associated immune-dysfunction phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Crawford
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, EX2 5DW Exeter, UK
| | - Zoe Craig
- NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Georgina Mansell
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, EX2 5DW Exeter, UK
| | - Isobel White
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, EX2 5DW Exeter, UK
| | - Adam Smith
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, EX2 5DW Exeter, UK
| | - Steve Spaull
- NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Jennifer Imm
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, EX2 5DW Exeter, UK
| | - Eilis Hannon
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, EX2 5DW Exeter, UK
| | - Andrew Wood
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, EX2 5DW Exeter, UK
| | - Hanieh Yaghootkar
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, EX2 5DW Exeter, UK
| | - Yingjie Ji
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, EX2 5DW Exeter, UK
| | | | - Niamh Mullins
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Cathryn M Lewis
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Jonathan Mill
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, EX2 5DW Exeter, UK
| | - Therese M Murphy
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, EX2 5DW Exeter, UK
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16
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Lin YS, Kuo KT, Chen SK, Huang HS. RBFOX3/NeuN is dispensable for visual function. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192355. [PMID: 29401485 PMCID: PMC5798780 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
RBFOX3/NeuN is a neuronal splicing regulator involved in neural circuitry balance, as well as neurogenesis and synaptogenesis. Rbfox3 is expressed in neurons; however, in the retina, expression is restricted to cells in the ganglion cell layer and some cells of the inner nuclear layer. Rbfox3 is expressed in a layer-specific manner in the retina, which implies a functional role, however, the role of RBFOX3 in the retina is unknown. Rbfox3 homozygous knockout (Rbfox3-/-) mice exhibit deficits in visual learning; therefore, understanding the role of RBFOX3 in the retina is critical for interpreting behavioral results. We found Rbfox3 expression was developmentally regulated in the retina and specifically expressed in ganglion cells, amacrine cells and horizontal cells of the retina. We demonstrate deletion of Rbfox3 resulted in a reduction in the thickness of the inner plexiform layer of the retina, where synapses are formed. Number of ganglion cells and amacrine cells is normal with loss of Rbfox3. Innervation of retinal ganglion cells into their targeted brain regions is normal in Rbfox3-/- mice. Importantly, Rbfox3-/- mice displayed normal non-image and image forming functions. Taken together, our results suggest RBFOX3 is dispensable for visual function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Sian Lin
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ting Kuo
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Kuo Chen
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Neurodevelopmental Club in Taiwan, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Sung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Neurodevelopmental Club in Taiwan, Taipei, Taiwan
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17
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Melroy-Greif WE, Gizer IR, Wilhelmsen KC, Ehlers CL. Genetic Influences on Evening Preference Overlap with Those for Bipolar Disorder in a Sample of Mexican Americans and American Indians. Twin Res Hum Genet 2017; 20:499-510. [PMID: 29192581 PMCID: PMC6013261 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2017.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diurnal preference (e.g., being an owl or lark) has been associated with several psychiatric disorders including bipolar disorder (BP), major depressive disorder, and substance use disorders. Previous large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) aimed at identifying genetic influences on diurnal preference have exclusively included subjects of European ancestry. This study examined the genetic architecture of diurnal preference in two minority samples: a young adult sample of Mexican Americans (MAs), and a family-based sample of American Indians (AIs). Typed or imputed variants from exome chip data from the MA sample and low pass whole-genome sequencing from the AI cohort were analyzed using a mixed linear model approach for association with being an owl, as defined by a usual bedtime after 23:00 hrs. Genetic risk score (GRS) profiling detected shared genetic risk between evening preference and related disorders. Four variants in KIAA1549 like (KIAA1549L), a gene previously associated with attempted suicide in bipolar patients, were suggestively associated with being an owl at p < 1.82E-05; post hoc analyses showed the top variant trending in both the MA and AI cohorts at p = 2.50E-05 and p = .030, respectively. Variants associated with BP at p < .03 from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium nominally predicted being an owl in the MA/AI cohort at p = .012. This study provides some additional evidence that genetic risk factors for BP also confer risk for being an owl in MAs/AIs and that evening preference may be a useful endophenotype for future studies of BP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian R. Gizer
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Kirk C. Wilhelmsen
- Renaissance Computing Institute (RENCI), Chapel Hill, NC 27517, USA
- Departments of Genetics and Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Cindy L. Ehlers
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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18
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Hammerschlag AR, Stringer S, de Leeuw CA, Sniekers S, Taskesen E, Watanabe K, Blanken TF, Dekker K, te Lindert BHW, Wassing R, Jonsdottir I, Thorleifsson G, Stefansson H, Gislason T, Berger K, Schormair B, Wellmann J, Winkelmann J, Stefansson K, Oexle K, Van Someren EJW, Posthuma D. Genome-wide association analysis of insomnia complaints identifies risk genes and genetic overlap with psychiatric and metabolic traits. Nat Genet 2017; 49:1584-1592. [PMID: 28604731 PMCID: PMC5600256 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Persistent insomnia is among the most frequent complaints in general practice. To identify genetic factors for insomnia complaints, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and a genome-wide gene-based association study (GWGAS) in 113,006 individuals. We identify three loci and seven genes associated with insomnia complaints, with the associations for one locus and five genes supported by joint analysis with an independent sample (n = 7,565). Our top association (MEIS1, P < 5 × 10-8) has previously been implicated in restless legs syndrome (RLS). Additional analyses favor the hypothesis that MEIS1 exhibits pleiotropy for insomnia and RLS and show that the observed association with insomnia complaints cannot be explained only by the presence of an RLS subgroup within the cases. Sex-specific analyses suggest that there are different genetic architectures between the sexes in addition to shared genetic factors. We show substantial positive genetic correlation of insomnia complaints with internalizing personality traits and metabolic traits and negative correlation with subjective well-being and educational attainment. These findings provide new insight into the genetic architecture of insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke R Hammerschlag
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sven Stringer
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christiaan A de Leeuw
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne Sniekers
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erdogan Taskesen
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kyoko Watanabe
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tessa F Blanken
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Departments of Integrative Neurophysiology and Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University and Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kim Dekker
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart HW te Lindert
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rick Wassing
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ingileif Jonsdottir
- deCODE genetics / Amgen Inc., Reykjavík, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | - Thorarinn Gislason
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Sleep, Landspitali, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Klaus Berger
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Barbara Schormair
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Juergen Wellmann
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics / Amgen Inc., Reykjavík, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Konrad Oexle
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Eus JW Van Someren
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Departments of Integrative Neurophysiology and Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University and Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Danielle Posthuma
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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19
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Alternative Splicing in Genetic Diseases: Improved Diagnosis and Novel Treatment Options. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 335:85-141. [PMID: 29305015 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alternative splicing is an important mechanism to regulate gene expression and to expand the repertoire of gene products in order to accommodate an increase in complexity of multicellular organisms. It needs to be precisely regulated, which is achieved via RNA structure, splicing factors, transcriptional regulation, and chromatin. Changes in any of these factors can lead to disease. These may include the core spliceosome, splicing enhancer/repressor sequences and their interacting proteins, the speed of transcription by RNA polymerase II, and histone modifications. While the basic principle of splicing is well understood, it is still very difficult to predict splicing outcome, due to the multiple levels of regulation. Current molecular diagnostics mainly uses Sanger sequencing of exons, or next-generation sequencing of gene panels or the whole exome. Functional analysis of potential splicing variants is scarce, and intronic variants are often not considered. This likely results in underestimation of the percentage of splicing variants. Understanding how sequence variants may affect splicing is not only crucial for confirmation of diagnosis and for genetic counseling, but also for the development of novel treatment options. These include small molecules, transsplicing, antisense oligonucleotides, and gene therapy. Here we review the current state of molecular mechanisms of splicing regulation and how deregulation can lead to human disease, diagnostics to detect splicing variants, and novel treatment options based on splicing correction.
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20
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Kantojärvi K, Liuhanen J, Saarenpää-Heikkilä O, Satomaa AL, Kylliäinen A, Pölkki P, Jaatela J, Toivola A, Milani L, Himanen SL, Porkka-Heiskanen T, Paavonen J, Paunio T. Variants in calcium voltage-gated channel subunit Alpha1 C-gene (CACNA1C) are associated with sleep latency in infants. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180652. [PMID: 28792954 PMCID: PMC5549883 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variants in CACNA1C (calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 C) are associated with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia where sleep disturbances are common. In an experimental model, Cacna1c has been found to modulate the electrophysiological architecture of sleep. There are strong genetic influences for consolidation of sleep in infancy, but only a few studies have thus far researched the genetic factors underlying the process. We hypothesized that genetic variants in CACNA1C affect the regulation of sleep in early development. Seven variants that were earlier associated (genome-wide significantly) with psychiatric disorders at CACNA1C were selected for analyses. The study sample consists of 1086 infants (520 girls and 566 boys) from the Finnish CHILD-SLEEP birth cohort (genotyped by Illumina Infinium PsychArray BeadChip). Sleep length, latency, and nightly awakenings were reported by the parents of the infants with a home-delivered questionnaire at 8 months of age. The genetic influence of CACNA1C variants on sleep in infants was examined by using PLINK software. Three of the examined CACNA1C variants, rs4765913, rs4765914, and rs2239063, were associated with sleep latency (permuted P<0.05). There was no significant association between studied variants and night awakenings or sleep duration. CACNA1C variants for psychiatric disorders were found to be associated with long sleep latency among 8-month-old infants. It remains to be clarified whether the findings refer to defective regulation of sleep, or to distractibility of sleep under external influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katri Kantojärvi
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Liuhanen
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Anna-Liisa Satomaa
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Tampere University Hospital, Medical Imaging Centre and Hospital Pharmacy, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anneli Kylliäinen
- School of Social Sciences and Humanities/Psychology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Pirjo Pölkki
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Julia Jaatela
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Auli Toivola
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lili Milani
- The Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sari-Leena Himanen
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Tampere University Hospital, Medical Imaging Centre and Hospital Pharmacy, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Juulia Paavonen
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Paunio
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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21
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Veatch OJ, Keenan BT, Gehrman PR, Malow BA, Pack AI. Pleiotropic genetic effects influencing sleep and neurological disorders. Lancet Neurol 2017; 16:158-170. [PMID: 28102151 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(16)30339-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Research evidence increasingly points to the large impact of sleep disturbances on public health. Many aspects of sleep are heritable and genes influencing traits such as timing, EEG characteristics, sleep duration, and response to sleep loss have been identified. Notably, large-scale genome-wide analyses have implicated numerous genes with small effects on sleep timing. Additionally, there has been considerable progress in the identification of genes influencing risk for some neurological sleep disorders. For restless legs syndrome, implicated variants are typically in genes associated with neuronal development. By contrast, genes conferring risk for narcolepsy function in the immune system. Many genetic variants associated with sleep disorders are also implicated in neurological disorders in which sleep abnormalities are common; for example, variation in genes involved in synaptic homoeostasis are implicated in autism spectrum disorder and sleep-wake control. Further investigation into pleiotropic roles of genes influencing both sleep and neurological disorders could lead to new treatment strategies for a variety of sleep disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia J Veatch
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Brendan T Keenan
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Philip R Gehrman
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Beth A Malow
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Allan I Pack
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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22
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Abstract
The circadian clock interacts with the sleep homeostatic drive in humans. Chronotype and sleep parameters show substantial heritability, underscoring a genetic component to these measures. This article reviews the genetic underpinnings of chronotype and of sleep, including sleepiness, sleep quality and latency, and sleep timing and duration in healthy adult sleepers, drawing on candidate gene and genome-wide association studies. Notably, both circadian and noncircadian genes associate with individual differences in chronotype and in sleep parameters. The article concludes with a brief discussion of future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namni Goel
- Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 1017 Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6021, USA.
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23
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Lind MJ, Gehrman PR. Genetic Pathways to Insomnia. Brain Sci 2016; 6:E64. [PMID: 27999387 PMCID: PMC5187578 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci6040064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes current research on the genetics of insomnia, as genetic contributions are thought to be important for insomnia etiology. We begin by providing an overview of genetic methods (both quantitative and measured gene), followed by a discussion of the insomnia genetics literature with regard to each of the following common methodologies: twin and family studies, candidate gene studies, and genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Next, we summarize the most recent gene identification efforts (primarily GWAS results) and propose several potential mechanisms through which identified genes may contribute to the disorder. Finally, we discuss new genetic approaches and how these may prove useful for insomnia, proposing an agenda for future insomnia genetics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie J Lind
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
| | - Philip R Gehrman
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Kim YE, Kim JO, Park KS, Won M, Kim KE, Kim KK. Transforming Growth Factor-β-Induced RBFOX3 Inhibition Promotes Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Lung Cancer Cells. Mol Cells 2016; 39:625-30. [PMID: 27432190 PMCID: PMC4990755 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2016.0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The RNA-binding protein Rbfox3 is a well-known splicing regulator that is used as a marker for post-mitotic neurons in various vertebrate species. Although recent studies indicate a variable expression of Rbfox3 in non-neuronal tissues, including lung tissue, its cellular function in lung cancer remains largely unknown. Here, we report that the number of RBFOX3-positive cells in tumorous lung tissue is lower than that in normal lung tissue. As the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway is important in cancer progression, we investigated its role in RBFOX3 expression in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells. TGF-β1 treatment inhibited RBFOX3 expression at the transcriptional level. Further, RBFOX3 depletion led to a change in the expression levels of a subset of proteins related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), such as E-cadherin and Claudin-1, during TGF-β1-induced EMT. In immunofluorescence microscopic analysis, mesenchymal morphology was more prominent in RBFOX3-depleted cells than in control cells. These findings show that TGF-β-induced RBFOX3 inhibition plays an important role in EMT and propose a novel role for RBFOX3 in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Eun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134,
Korea
| | - Jong Ok Kim
- Department of Pathology, Daejeon Saint Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon 34943
Korea
| | - Ki-Sun Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134,
Korea
| | - Minho Won
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015,
Korea
| | - Kyoon Eon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134,
Korea
| | - Kee K. Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134,
Korea
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