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Yedla P, Bhamidipati P, Syed R, Amanchy R. Working title: Molecular involvement of p53-MDM2 interactome in gastrointestinal cancers. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4075. [PMID: 38924101 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The interaction between murine double minute 2 (MDM2) and p53, marked by transcriptional induction and feedback inhibition, orchestrates a functional loop dictating cellular fate. The functional loop comprising p53-MDM2 axis is made up of an interactome consisting of approximately 81 proteins, which are spatio-temporally regulated and involved in DNA repair mechanisms. Biochemical and genetic alterations of the interactome result in dysregulation of the p53-mdm2 axis that leads to gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. A large subset of interactome is well known and it consists of proteins that either stabilize p53 or MDM2 and proteins that target the p53-MDM2 complex for ubiquitin-mediated destruction. Upstream signaling events brought about by growth factors and chemical messengers invoke a wide variety of posttranslational modifications in p53-MDM2 axis. Biochemical changes in the transactivation domain of p53 impact the energy landscape, induce conformational switching, alter interaction potential and could change solubility of p53 to redefine its co-localization, translocation and activity. A diverse set of chemical compounds mimic physiological effectors and simulate biochemical modifications of the p53-MDM2 interactome. p53-MDM2 interactome plays a crucial role in DNA damage and repair process. Genetic aberrations in the interactome, have resulted in cancers of GI tract (pancreas, liver, colorectal, gastric, biliary, and esophageal). We present in this article a review of the overall changes in the p53-MDM2 interactors and the effectors that form an epicenter for the development of next-generation molecules for understanding and targeting GI cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poornachandra Yedla
- Division of Applied Biology, CSIR-IICT (Indian Institute of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Science and Technology (GOI), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, Institute of Translational Research, Asian Healthcare Foundation, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Pranav Bhamidipati
- Division of Applied Biology, CSIR-IICT (Indian Institute of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Science and Technology (GOI), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Riyaz Syed
- Division of Applied Biology, CSIR-IICT (Indian Institute of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Science and Technology (GOI), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ramars Amanchy
- Division of Applied Biology, CSIR-IICT (Indian Institute of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Science and Technology (GOI), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Geng A, Sun J, Tang H, Yu Y, Wang X, Zhang J, Wang X, Sun X, Zhou X, Gao N, Tan R, Xu Z, Jiang Y, Mao Z. SIRT2 promotes base excision repair by transcriptionally activating OGG1 in an ATM/ATR-dependent manner. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:5107-5120. [PMID: 38554113 PMCID: PMC11109957 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) regulates the maintenance of genome integrity by targeting pathways of DNA damage response and homologous recombination repair. However, whether and how SIRT2 promotes base excision repair (BER) remain to be determined. Here, we found that independent of its catalytic activity SIRT2 interacted with the critical glycosylase OGG1 to promote OGG1 recruitment to its own promoter upon oxidative stress, thereby enhancing OGG1 promoter activity and increasing BER efficiency. Further studies revealed that SIRT2 was phosphorylated on S46 and S53 by ATM/ATR upon oxidative stress, and SIRT2 phosphorylation enhanced the SIRT2-OGG1 interaction and mediated the stimulatory effect of SIRT2 on OGG1 promoter activity. We also characterized 37 cancer-derived SIRT2 mutants and found that 5 exhibited the loss of the stimulatory effects on OGG1 transcription. Together, our data reveal that SIRT2 acts as a tumor suppressor by promoting OGG1 transcription and increasing BER efficiency in an ATM/ATR-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Geng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jiahui Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Huanyin Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiyue Wang
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jingyuan Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaona Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaofang Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Neng Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Rong Tan
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Zhu Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhiyong Mao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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Lin Y, Jin X. Effect of ubiquitin protease system on DNA damage response in prostate cancer (Review). Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:33. [PMID: 38125344 PMCID: PMC10731405 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability is an essential hallmark of cancer, and cellular DNA damage response (DDR) defects drive tumorigenesis by disrupting genomic stability. Several studies have identified abnormalities in DDR-associated genes, and a dysfunctional ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is the most common molecular event in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (PCa). For example, mutations in Speckle-type BTB/POZ protein-Ser119 result in DDR downstream target activation deficiency. Skp2 excessive upregulation inhibits homologous recombination repair and promotes cell growth and migration. Abnormally high expression of a deubiquitination enzyme, ubiquitin-specific protease 12, stabilizes E3 ligase MDM2, which further leads to p53 degradation, causing DDR interruption and genomic instability. In the present review, the basic pathways of DDR, UPS dysfunction, and its induced DDR alterations mediated by genomic instability, and especially the potential application of UPS and DDR alterations as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in PCa treatment, were described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
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Zhang L, Li N, Zhang X, Wu H, Yu S. Hexavalent chromium caused DNA damage repair and apoptosis via the PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 pathway triggered by oxidative stress in the lung of rat. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 267:115622. [PMID: 37890257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is an occupational carcinogen that accumulates in the lungs and causes lung injury and even lung cancer. 36 SD male rats received inhalable intratracheal instillation of Cr(VI) (0.05, 0.25 mg Cr/kg) or the same volume (3 ml/kg) of normal saline weekly for 28 days (total 5 times). After 28 days of exposure, half of the rats in each group were sacrificed for investigation, and the rest stopped exposure and began to be self-repaired for two weeks. Histopathology analyses revealed that Cr(VI) induced slight dilatation and hemorrhage of perialveolar capillaries, pulmonary bronchodilation, and congestion with peripheral flaky-like necrosis accompanied by inflammatory cell infiltration, especially the 0.25 mg Cr/kg group. Cr(VI) exposure caused the increase of blood Cr, urinary Cr, MDA, urinary 8-hydroxy-2' -deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and the decrease of GSH and MDA, while two-week repair only reduced urinary Cr. Exposure to Cr(VI) significantly upregulated FOXO1 and downregulated p-AKT and p-FOXO1 for two weeks. PI3K in the 0.25 mg Cr/kg group was inhibited after two weeks of repair. Cr(VI) exposure mainly promoted GADD45a and CHK2 in the exposure group, promoted Bim, Bax/Bcl-2, and suppressed Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL in the repair group. These results demonstrate that Cr(VI) may induce DNA damage repair and apoptosis in the lung by activating the PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 pathway. Two-week repair may alleviate oxidative stress and DNA damage induced by Cr(VI) exposure but couldn't eliminate its effects. This study provides a new perspective for exploring the Cr(VI) induced lung cancer mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Zhang
- Department of Scientific Research, Henan Medical College, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province 451191, China; School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province 450001, China
| | - Ningning Li
- Department of Scientific Research, Henan Medical College, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province 451191, China
| | - Xiuzhi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Henan Medical College, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province 451191, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Henan Institute for Occupational Medicine, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province 450052, China
| | - Shanfa Yu
- Department of Scientific Research, Henan Medical College, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province 451191, China.
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2-Mercaptoethanol protects against DNA double-strand breaks after kidney ischemia and reperfusion injury through GPX4 upregulation. Pharmacol Rep 2022; 74:1041-1053. [PMID: 35989399 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-022-00403-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is characterized by tubular cell death. DNA double-strand breaks is one of the major sources of tubular cell death induced by IRI. 2-Mercaptoethanol (2-ME) is protective against DNA double-strand breaks derived from calf thymus and bovine embryo. Here, we sought to determine whether treatment with 2-ME attenuated DNA double-strand breaks, resulting in reduced kidney dysfunction and structural damage in IRI. METHODS Kidney IRI or sham-operation in mice was carried out. The mice were treated with 2-ME, Ras-selective lethal 3, or vehicle. Kidney function, tubular injury, DNA damage, antioxidant enzyme expression, and DNA damage response (DDR) kinases activation were assessed. RESULTS Treatment with 2-ME significantly attenuated kidney dysfunction, tubular injury, and DNA double-strand breaks after IRI. Among DDR kinases, IRI induced phosphorylation of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related (ATR), but IRI reduced phosphorylation of other DDR kinases including ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related, checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1), Chk2, and Chinese hamster cells 1 (XRCC1). Treatment with 2-ME enhanced phosphorylation of ATM and ATM-mediated effector kinases in IRI-subjected kidneys, suggesting that 2-ME activates ATM-mediated DDR signaling pathway. Furthermore, 2-ME dramatically upregulated glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) in IRI-subjected kidneys. Inhibition of GPX4 augmented adverse IRI consequences including kidney dysfunction, tubular injury, DNA double-strand breaks, and inactivation of ATM-mediated DDR signaling pathway after IRI in 2-ME-treated kidneys. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated that exogenous 2-ME protects against DNA double-strand breaks after kidney IRI through GPX4 upregulation and ATM activation.
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Khozooei S, Lettau K, Barletta F, Jost T, Rebholz S, Veerappan S, Franz-Wachtel M, Macek B, Iliakis G, Distel LV, Zips D, Toulany M. Fisetin induces DNA double-strand break and interferes with the repair of radiation-induced damage to radiosensitize triple negative breast cancer cells. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:256. [PMID: 35989353 PMCID: PMC9394010 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02442-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with aggressiveness and a poor prognosis. Besides surgery, radiotherapy serves as the major treatment modality for TNBC. However, response to radiotherapy is limited in many patients, most likely because of DNA damage response (DDR) signaling mediated radioresistance. Y-box binding protein-1 (YB-1) is a multifunctional protein that regulates the cancer hallmarks among them resisting to radiotherapy-induced cell death. Fisetin, is a plant flavonol of the flavonoid family of plant polyphenols that has anticancer properties, partially through inhibition of p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK)-mediated YB-1 phosphorylation. The combination of fisetin with radiotherapy has not yet been investigated. Methods Activation status of the RSK signaling pathway in total cell lysate and in the subcellular fractions was analyzed by Western blotting. Standard clonogenic assay was applied to test post-irradiation cell survival. γH2AX foci assay and 3 color fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses were performed to study frequency of double-strand breaks (DSB) and chromosomal aberrations, respectively. The underlying repair pathways targeted by fisetin were studied in cells expressing genomically integrated reporter constructs for the DSB repair pathways via quantifying the expression of green fluorescence protein by flow cytometry. Flow cytometric quantification of sub-G1 cells and the protein expression of LC3-II were employed to measure apoptosis and autophagy, respectively. Kinase array and phosphoproteomics were performed to study the effect of fisetin on DDR response signaling. Results We showed that the effect of fisetin on YB-1 phosphorylation in TNBC cells is comparable to the effect of the RSK pharmacological inhibitors. Similar to ionizing radiation (IR), fisetin induces DSB. Additionally, fisetin impairs repair of IR-induced DSB through suppressing the classical non-homologous end-joining and homologous recombination repair pathways, leading to chromosomal aberration as tested by metaphase analysis. Effect of fisetin on DSB repair was partially dependent on YB-1 expression. Phosphoproteomic analysis revealed that fisetin inhibits DDR signaling, which leads to radiosensitization in TNBC cells, as shown in combination with single dose or fractionated doses irradiation. Conclusion Fisetin acts as a DSB-inducing agent and simultaneously inhibits repair of IR-induced DSB. Thus, fisetin may serve as an effective therapeutic strategy to improve TNBC radiotherapy outcome. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-022-02442-x.
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Ozgiray E, Sogutlu F, Biray Avci C. Chk1/2 inhibitor AZD7762 enhances the susceptibility of IDH-mutant brain cancer cells to temozolomide. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 39:166. [PMID: 35972603 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01769-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The IDH mutation initially exhibits chemosensitive properties, progression-free survival cannot be achieved in the later grades, and malignant transformation occurs as a result of TMZ-induced hypermutation profile and adaptation to this profile. In this study, we evaluated the potential of the combination of TMZ and AZD7762 at molecular level, to increase the anticancer activity of TMZ in IDH-mutant U87-mg cells. We used the WST-1 test to evaluate cytotoxic effect of TMZ and AZD7762 combination with dose-effect and isobologram curves. The effects of the inhibitory and effective concentrations of the combination on apoptosis, cell cycle and γ-H2AX phosphorylation were analyzed with flow cytometry. The expression of genes responsible for the DNA damage response was analyzed with qRT-PCR. The combination showed a synergistic effect with high dose reduction index. Single and combined administrations of TMZ and AZD7762 increased in G2/M arrest from 24 to 48 h, and cells in the G2/M phase shifted towards octaploidy at 72 h. While no double-strand breaks were detected after TMZ treatment, AZD7762 and combination treatments caused a significant increase in γ-H2AX phosphorylation and increased apoptotic stimulation towards 72 h although TMZ did not cause apoptotic effect in IDH-mutant U87-mg cells. The genes controlling the apoptosis were determined to be upregulated in all three groups, and genes regarding cell cycle checkpoints were downregulated. Targeting Chk1/2 with AZD7762 simultaneously with TMZ may be a potential therapeutic strategy for both increasing the sensitivity of IDH-mutant glioma cells to TMZ and reducing the dose of TMZ. In IDH-mutant glioma cells, AZD7762, the Chk1/2 inhibitor, can increase the efficacy of Temozolomide by (i) increasing mitotic chaos, and (ii) inhibiting double-strand break repair, (iii) thereby inducing cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkin Ozgiray
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medicine Faculty, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Fatma Sogutlu
- Department of Medical Biology, Medicine Faculty, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cigir Biray Avci
- Department of Medical Biology, Medicine Faculty, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
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The E3 ubiquitin ligase HECTD1 contributes to cell proliferation through an effect on mitosis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13160. [PMID: 35915203 PMCID: PMC9343455 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16965-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell cycle is tightly regulated by protein phosphorylation and ubiquitylation events. During mitosis, the multi-subunit cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase APC/c functions as a molecular switch which signals for one cell to divide into two daughter cells, through the ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation of mitotic cyclins. The contributions of other E3 ligase families during cell cycle progression remain less well understood. Similarly, the roles of ubiquitin chain types beyond homotypic K48 chains in S-phase or branched K11/K48 chains during mitosis, also remain to be fully determined. Our recent findings that HECTD1 ubiquitin ligase activity assembles branched K29/K48 ubiquitin linkages prompted us to evaluate HECTD1 function during the cell cycle. We used transient knockdown and genetic knockout to show that HECTD1 depletion in HEK293T and HeLa cells decreases cell number and we established that this is mediated through loss of ubiquitin ligase activity. Interestingly, we found that HECTD1 depletion increases the proportion of cells with aligned chromosomes (Prometa/Metaphase) and we confirmed this molecularly using phospho-Histone H3 (Ser28) as a marker of mitosis. Time-lapse microscopy of NEBD to anaphase onset established that HECTD1-depleted cells take on average longer to go through mitosis. In line with this data, HECTD1 depletion reduced the activity of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint, and BUB3, a component of the Mitosis Checkpoint Complex, was identified as novel HECTD1 interactor. BUB3, BUBR1 or MAD2 protein levels remained unchanged in HECTD1-depleted cells. Overall, this study reveals a novel putative role for HECTD1 during mitosis and warrants further work to elucidate the mechanisms involved.
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Erol A. Genotoxicity-Stimulated and CYLD-Driven Malignant Transformation. Cancer Manag Res 2022; 14:2339-2356. [PMID: 35958947 PMCID: PMC9362849 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s373557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Erol
- Independent Researcher, Istanbul, Turkey
- Correspondence: Adnan Erol, Email
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Chowdhury MAN, Wang SW, Suen CS, Hwang MJ, Hsueh YA, Shieh SY. JAK2-CHK2 signaling safeguards the integrity of the mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint and genome stability. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:619. [PMID: 35851582 PMCID: PMC9293949 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05077-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Checkpoint kinase 2 (CHK2) plays an important role in safeguarding the mitotic progression, specifically the spindle assembly, though the mechanism of regulation remains poorly understood. Here, we identified a novel mitotic phosphorylation site on CHK2 Tyr156, and its responsible kinase JAK2. Expression of a phospho-deficient mutant CHK2 Y156F or treatment with JAK2 inhibitor IV compromised mitotic spindle assembly, leading to genome instability. In contrast, a phospho-mimicking mutant CHK2 Y156E restored mitotic normalcy in JAK2-inhibited cells. Mechanistically, we show that this phosphorylation is required for CHK2 interaction with and phosphorylation of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) kinase Mps1, and failure of which results in impaired Mps1 kinetochore localization and defective SAC. Concordantly, analysis of clinical cancer datasets revealed that deletion of JAK2 is associated with increased genome alteration; and alteration in CHEK2 and JAK2 is linked to preferential deletion or amplification of cancer-related genes. Thus, our findings not only reveal a novel JAK2-CHK2 signaling axis that maintains genome integrity through SAC but also highlight the potential impact on genomic stability with clinical JAK2 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Al Nayem Chowdhury
- grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan ,grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Wang
- grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Shu Suen
- grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jing Hwang
- grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-An Hsueh
- grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheau-Yann Shieh
- grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan ,grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Yang M, Wang C, Zhou M, Bao L, Wang Y, Kumar A, Xing C, Luo W, Wang Y. KDM6B promotes PARthanatos via suppression of O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase repair and sustained checkpoint response. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:6313-6331. [PMID: 35648484 PMCID: PMC9226499 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is a DNA damage sensor and contributes to both DNA repair and cell death processes. However, how PARP-1 signaling is regulated to switch its function from DNA repair to cell death remains largely unknown. Here, we found that PARP-1 plays a central role in alkylating agent-induced PARthanatic cancer cell death. Lysine demethylase 6B (KDM6B) was identified as a key regulator of PARthanatos. Loss of KDM6B protein or its demethylase activity conferred cancer cell resistance to PARthanatic cell death in response to alkylating agents. Mechanistically, KDM6B knockout suppressed methylation at the promoter of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) to enhance MGMT expression and its direct DNA repair function, thereby inhibiting DNA damage-evoked PARP-1 hyperactivation and subsequent cell death. Moreover, KDM6B knockout triggered sustained Chk1 phosphorylation and activated a second XRCC1-dependent repair machinery to fix DNA damage evading from MGMT repair. Inhibition of MGMT or checkpoint response re-sensitized KDM6B deficient cells to PARthanatos induced by alkylating agents. These findings provide new molecular insights into epigenetic regulation of PARP-1 signaling mediating DNA repair or cell death and identify KDM6B as a biomarker for prediction of cancer cell vulnerability to alkylating agent treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Yang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Chenliang Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Mi Zhou
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lei Bao
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Chao Xing
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Weibo Luo
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yingfei Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Peter O'Donnell Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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El Naggar O, Doyle B, Mariner K, Gilmour SK. Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) Enhances the Cytotoxicity of PARP Inhibition in Ovarian Cancer Cells. Med Sci (Basel) 2022; 10:medsci10020028. [PMID: 35736348 PMCID: PMC9230675 DOI: 10.3390/medsci10020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer accounts for 3% of the total cancers in women, yet it is the fifth leading cause of cancer deaths among women. The BRCA1/2 germline and somatic mutations confer a deficiency of the homologous recombination (HR) repair pathway. Inhibitors of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), another important component of DNA damage repair, are somewhat effective in BRCA1/2 mutant tumors. However, ovarian cancers often reacquire functional BRCA and develop resistance to PARP inhibitors. Polyamines have been reported to facilitate the DNA damage repair functions of PARP. Given the elevated levels of polyamines in tumors, we hypothesized that treatment with the polyamine synthesis inhibitor, α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), may enhance ovarian tumor sensitivity to the PARP inhibitor, rucaparib. In HR-competent ovarian cancer cell lines with varying sensitivities to rucaparib, we show that co-treatment with DFMO increases the sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to rucaparib. Immunofluorescence assays demonstrated that, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA damage, DFMO strongly inhibits PARylation, increases DNA damage accumulation, and reduces cell viability in both HR-competent and deficient cell lines. In vitro viability assays show that DFMO and rucaparib cotreatment significantly enhances the cytotoxicity of the chemotherapeutic agent, cisplatin. These results suggest that DFMO may be a useful adjunct chemotherapeutic to improve the anti-tumor efficacy of PARP inhibitors in treating ovarian cancer.
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13
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Daks A, Fedorova O, Parfenyev S, Nevzorov I, Shuvalov O, Barlev NA. The Role of E3 Ligase Pirh2 in Disease. Cells 2022; 11:1515. [PMID: 35563824 PMCID: PMC9101203 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The p53-dependent ubiquitin ligase Pirh2 regulates a number of proteins involved in different cancer-associated processes. Targeting the p53 family proteins, Chk2, p27Kip1, Twist1 and others, Pirh2 participates in such cellular processes as proliferation, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis and cellular migration. Thus, it is not surprising that Pirh2 takes part in the initiation and progression of different diseases and pathologies including but not limited to cancer. In this review, we aimed to summarize the available data on Pirh2 regulation, its protein targets and its role in various diseases and pathological processes, thus making the Pirh2 protein a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Daks
- Institute of Cytology RAS, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (O.F.); (S.P.); (I.N.); (O.S.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Nickolai A. Barlev
- Institute of Cytology RAS, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (O.F.); (S.P.); (I.N.); (O.S.)
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14
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Pei Z, Ning J, Zhang N, Zhang X, Zhang H, Zhang R. Genetic instability of lung induced by carbon black nanoparticles is related with Plk1 signals changes. NANOIMPACT 2022; 26:100400. [PMID: 35560285 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2022.100400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As a possible carcinogen, carbon black has threatened public health. However, the evidences are insufficient and the mechanism of carcinogenesis is still not specified. Thirty rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, namely 0, 5 and 30 mg/m3 Carbon Black nanoparticles (CBNPs) groups, respectively. Rats were treated with CBNPs by nose-only inhalation for 28 days, 6 h/day. The human bronchial epithelial (16HBE) cells were treated with 0, 50, 100 and 200 μg/mL CBNPs for 24 h. Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) overexpression cell line was established by pcDNA3.1-PLK1 stable transfection. Our results showed that CBNPs exposure could induce DNA damage and genetic changes as well as apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. The DNA repair ability increased after CBNPs exposure. Cell cycle process was retarded at the G2/M phases in 16HBE cells after CBNPs treatment. The PLK1, ChK2 GADD45α and XRCC1 expression levels changed in rat lung and 16HBE cells after CBNPs treatment. Compared with NC 16HBE cells, DNA damage and repair, numbers of apoptotic cells and micronucleus (MN) rates, as well as the ChK2, GADD45α, XRCC1 expression levels decreased, whereas cytokinesis block proliferation index (CBPI) and replicative index (RI) increase in PLK overexpression (PLK+/+) cells after CBNPs treatment. This study highlighted that PLK1 related with the genetic toxicity of CBNPs in vitro and in vivo. Our results provided evidences supporting reclassification of carbon black as a human possible carcinogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Pei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Jie Ning
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Helin Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China.
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.
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15
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Bhattacharjee S, Rehman I, Nandy S, Das BB. Post-translational regulation of Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase (TDP1 and TDP2) for the repair of the trapped topoisomerase-DNA covalent complex. DNA Repair (Amst) 2022; 111:103277. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2022.103277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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16
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Cellular functions of the protein kinase ATM and their relevance to human disease. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:796-814. [PMID: 34429537 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-021-00394-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The protein kinase ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is a master regulator of double-strand DNA break (DSB) signalling and stress responses. For three decades, ATM has been investigated extensively to elucidate its roles in the DNA damage response (DDR) and in the pathogenesis of ataxia telangiectasia (A-T), a human neurodegenerative disease caused by loss of ATM. Although hundreds of proteins have been identified as ATM phosphorylation targets and many important roles for this kinase have been identified, it is still unclear how ATM deficiency leads to the early-onset cerebellar degeneration that is common in all individuals with A-T. Recent studies suggest the existence of links between ATM deficiency and other cerebellum-specific neurological disorders, as well as the existence of broader similarities with more common neurodegenerative disorders. In this Review, we discuss recent structural insights into ATM regulation, and possible aetiologies of A-T phenotypes, including reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial dysfunction, alterations in transcription, R-loop metabolism and alternative splicing, defects in cellular proteostasis and metabolism, and potential pathogenic roles for hyper-poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation.
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17
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The Role of Posttranslational Modifications in DNA Repair. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/7493902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The human body is a complex structure of cells, which are exposed to many types of stress. Cells must utilize various mechanisms to protect their DNA from damage caused by metabolic and external sources to maintain genomic integrity and homeostasis and to prevent the development of cancer. DNA damage inevitably occurs regardless of physiological or abnormal conditions. In response to DNA damage, signaling pathways are activated to repair the damaged DNA or to induce cell apoptosis. During the process, posttranslational modifications (PTMs) can be used to modulate enzymatic activities and regulate protein stability, protein localization, and protein-protein interactions. Thus, PTMs in DNA repair should be studied. In this review, we will focus on the current understanding of the phosphorylation, poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, acetylation, and methylation of six typical PTMs and summarize PTMs of the key proteins in DNA repair, providing important insight into the role of PTMs in the maintenance of genome stability and contributing to reveal new and selective therapeutic approaches to target cancers.
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18
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Khan AA, Patel K, Patil S, Babu N, Mangalaparthi KK, Solanki HS, Nanjappa V, Kumari A, Manoharan M, Karunakaran C, Murugan S, Nair B, Kumar RV, Biswas M, Sidransky D, Gupta R, Gupta R, Khanna-Gupta A, Kumar P, Chatterjee A, Gowda H. Multi-Omics Analysis to Characterize Cigarette Smoke Induced Molecular Alterations in Esophageal Cells. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1666. [PMID: 33251127 PMCID: PMC7675040 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Though smoking remains one of the established risk factors of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, there is limited data on molecular alterations associated with cigarette smoke exposure in esophageal cells. To investigate molecular alterations associated with chronic exposure to cigarette smoke, non-neoplastic human esophageal epithelial cells were treated with cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) for up to 8 months. Chronic treatment with CSC increased cell proliferation and invasive ability of non-neoplastic esophageal cells. Whole exome sequence analysis of CSC treated cells revealed several mutations and copy number variations. This included loss of high mobility group nucleosomal binding domain 2 (HMGN2) and a missense variant in mediator complex subunit 1 (MED1). Both these genes play an important role in DNA repair. Global proteomic and phosphoproteomic profiling of CSC treated cells lead to the identification of 38 differentially expressed and 171 differentially phosphorylated proteins. Bioinformatics analysis of differentially expressed proteins and phosphoproteins revealed that most of these proteins are associated with DNA damage response pathway. Proteomics data revealed decreased expression of HMGN2 and hypophosphorylation of MED1. Exogenous expression of HMGN2 and MED1 lead to decreased proliferative and invasive ability of smoke exposed cells. Immunohistochemical labeling of HMGN2 in primary ESCC tumor tissue sections (from smokers) showed no detectable expression while strong to moderate staining of HMGN2 was observed in normal esophageal tissues. Our data suggests that cigarette smoke perturbs expression of proteins associated with DNA damage response pathways which might play a vital role in development of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aafaque Ahmad Khan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India.,Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Krishna Patel
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India.,Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Biotechnologies, School of Dental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Niraj Babu
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Kiran K Mangalaparthi
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India.,Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bipin Nair
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, India
| | - Rekha V Kumar
- Department of Pathology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, India
| | - Manjusha Biswas
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Mitra Biotech, Bangalore, India
| | - David Sidransky
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ravi Gupta
- Medgenome Labs Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore, India
| | | | | | - Prashant Kumar
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Aditi Chatterjee
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Harsha Gowda
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.,Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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19
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Han B, Pei Z, Shi L, Wang Q, Li C, Zhang B, Su X, Zhang N, Zhou L, Zhao B, Niu Y, Zhang R. TiO 2 Nanoparticles Caused DNA Damage in Lung and Extra-Pulmonary Organs Through ROS-Activated FOXO3a Signaling Pathway After Intratracheal Administration in Rats. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:6279-6294. [PMID: 32904047 PMCID: PMC7449758 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s254969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Because of the increased production and application of manufactured Nano-TiO2 in the past several years, it is important to investigate its potential hazards. TiO2 is classified by IARC as a possible human carcinogen; however, the potential mechanism of carcinogenesis has not been studied clearly. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanism of DNA damage in rat lung and extra-pulmonary organs caused by TiO2nanoparticles. Methods In the present study, SD rats were exposed to Nano-TiO2 by intratracheal injection at a dose of 0, 0.2, or 1 g/kg body weight. The titanium levels in tissues were detected by ICP-MS. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression levels. The DNA damage and oxidative stress were detected by comet assay and ROS, MDA, SOD, and GSH-Px levels, respectively. Results The titanium levels of the 1 g/kg group on day-3 and day-7 were significantly increased in liver and kidney as well as significantly decreased in lung compared to day-1. ROS and MDA levels were statistically increased, whereas SOD and GSH-Px levels were statistically decreased in tissues of rats in dose-dependent manners after Nano-TiO2 treatment. PI3K, p-AKT/AKT, and p-FOXO3a/FOXO3a in lung, liver, and kidney activated in dose-dependent manners. The levels of DNA damage in liver, kidney, and lung in each Nano-TiO2 treatment group were significantly increased and could not recover within 7 days. GADD45α, ChK2, and XRCC1 in liver, kidney, and lung of rats exposed to Nano-TiO2 statistically increased, which triggered DNA repair. Conclusion This work demonstrated that Ti could deposit in lung and enter extra-pulmonary organs of rats and cause oxidative stress, then trigger DNA damage through activating the PI3K-AKT-FOXO3a pathway and then promoting GADD45α, ChK2, and XRCC1 to process the DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Han
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijie Pei
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, China Three Gorge University, Yichang 443002, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Shi
- Occupational Health and Environmental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- Experimental Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Boyuan Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Su
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixiao Zhou
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Niu
- Occupational Health and Environmental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
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20
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Distinct roles of XRCC1 in genome integrity in Xenopus egg extracts. Biochem J 2020; 476:3791-3804. [PMID: 31808793 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative DNA damage represents one of the most abundant DNA lesions. It remains unclear how DNA repair and DNA damage response (DDR) pathways are co-ordinated and regulated following oxidative stress. While XRCC1 has been implicated in DNA repair, it remains unknown how exactly oxidative DNA damage is repaired and sensed by XRCC1. In this communication, we have demonstrated evidence that XRCC1 is dispensable for ATR-Chk1 DDR pathway following oxidative stress in Xenopus egg extracts. Whereas APE2 is essential for SSB repair, XRCC1 is not required for the repair of defined SSB and gapped plasmids with a 5'-OH or 5'-P terminus, suggesting that XRCC1 and APE2 may contribute to SSB repair via different mechanisms. Neither Polymerase beta nor Polymerase alpha is important for the repair of defined SSB structure. Nonetheless, XRCC1 is important for the repair of DNA damage following oxidative stress. Our observations suggest distinct roles of XRCC1 for genome integrity in oxidative stress in Xenopus egg extracts.
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21
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Huo X, Dunbar KB, Zhang X, Zhang Q, Spechler SJ, Souza RF. In Barrett's epithelial cells, weakly acidic bile salt solutions cause oxidative DNA damage with response and repair mediated by p38. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 318:G464-G478. [PMID: 31984785 PMCID: PMC7099494 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00329.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The frequency of esophageal adenocarcinoma is rising despite widespread use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), which heal reflux esophagitis but do not prevent reflux of weakly acidic gastric juice and bile in Barrett's esophagus patients. We aimed to determine if weakly acidic (pH 5.5) bile salt medium (WABM) causes DNA damage in Barrett's cells. Because p53 is inactivated frequently in Barrett's esophagus and p38 can assume p53 functions, we explored p38's role in DNA damage response and repair. We exposed Barrett's cells with or without p53 knockdown to WABM, and evaluated DNA damage, its response and repair, and whether these effects are p38 dependent. We also measured phospho-p38 in biopsies of Barrett's metaplasia exposed to deoxycholic acid (DCA). WABM caused phospho-H2AX increases that were blocked by a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger. WABM increased phospho-p38 and reduced bromodeoxyuridine incorporation (an index of S phase entry). Repair of WABM-induced DNA damage proceeded through p38-mediated base excision repair (BER) associated with reduction-oxidation factor 1-apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease I (Ref-1/APE1). Cells treated with WABM supplemented with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) exhibited enhanced p38-mediated responses to DNA damage. All of these effects were observed in p53-intact and p53-deficient Barrett's cells. In patients, esophageal DCA perfusion significantly increased phospho-p38 in Barrett's metaplasia. WABM exposure generates ROS, causing oxidative DNA damage in Barrett's cells, a mechanism possibly underlying the rising frequency of esophageal adenocarcinoma despite PPI usage. p38 plays a central role in oxidative DNA damage response and Ref-1/APE1-associated BER, suggesting potential chemopreventive roles for agents like UDCA that increase p38 activity in Barrett's esophagus.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We found that weakly acidic bile salt solutions, with compositions similar to the refluxed gastric juice of gastroesophageal reflux disease patients on proton pump inhibitors, cause oxidative DNA damage in Barrett's metaplasia that could contribute to the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma. We also have elucidated a critical role for p38 in Barrett's metaplasia in its response to and repair of oxidative DNA damage, suggesting a potential chemopreventive role for agents like ursodeoxycholic acid that increase p38 activity in Barrett's esophagus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Huo
- Department of Medicine, Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center and Center for Esophageal Research, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas
| | - Kerry B Dunbar
- Department of Medicine, Esophageal Diseases Center, Veterans Affairs North Texas Health Care System and the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center and Center for Esophageal Research, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas
| | - Qiuyang Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center and Center for Esophageal Research, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas
| | - Stuart Jon Spechler
- Department of Medicine, Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center and Center for Esophageal Research, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas
| | - Rhonda F Souza
- Department of Medicine, Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center and Center for Esophageal Research, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas
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22
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Chou WC, Hsiung CN, Chen WT, Tseng LM, Wang HC, Chu HW, Hou MF, Yu JC, Shen CY. A functional variant near XCL1 gene improves breast cancer survival via promoting cancer immunity. Int J Cancer 2020; 146:2182-2193. [PMID: 31904872 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Most genome-wide association studies (GWASs) identify genetic variants for breast cancer occurrence. In contrast, few are for recurrence and mortality. We conducted a GWAS on breast cancer survival after diagnosis in estrogen receptor-positive patients, including 953 Taiwanese patients with 159 events. Through Cox proportional hazard models estimation, we identified 24 risk SNPs with p < 1 × 10-5 . Based on imputation and integrated analysis, one SNP, rs1024176 (located in 1q24.2, p = 2.43 × 10-5 ) was found to be a functional variant associated with breast cancer survival and XCL1 gene expression. A series of experimental approaches, including cell-based analyses and CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing system, were then used and identified the transcription factor MYBL2 was able to discriminately bind to the A allele of rs1024176, the protective variant for breast cancer survival, which promoted XCL1 expression, but not to the G allele of rs1024176. The chemokine XCL1 attracts type 1 dendritic cells (DC1s) to the tumor microenvironment. In breast cancer tissues, we applied a two-step Mendelian randomization analysis, using expression quantitative trait loci as instrumental variables, to confirm higher XCL1 expression was correlated with higher DC1 signatures and favorable disease progression, through the causal effect of rs1024176-A allele. Our study supports the genetic effect on preventing breast cancer survival through XCL1-induced DC1 recruitment in tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Cheng Chou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ni Hsiung
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Data Science Statistical Cooperation Center, Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Ming Tseng
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center & Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chun Wang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hou-Wei Chu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Feng Hou
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Cherng Yu
- Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yang Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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23
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Lanz MC, Dibitetto D, Smolka MB. DNA damage kinase signaling: checkpoint and repair at 30 years. EMBO J 2019; 38:e101801. [PMID: 31393028 PMCID: PMC6745504 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019101801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
From bacteria to mammalian cells, damaged DNA is sensed and targeted by DNA repair pathways. In eukaryotes, kinases play a central role in coordinating the DNA damage response. DNA damage signaling kinases were identified over two decades ago and linked to the cell cycle checkpoint concept proposed by Weinert and Hartwell in 1988. Connections between the DNA damage signaling kinases and DNA repair were scant at first, and the initial perception was that the importance of these kinases for genome integrity was largely an indirect effect of their roles in checkpoints, DNA replication, and transcription. As more substrates of DNA damage signaling kinases were identified, it became clear that they directly regulate a wide range of DNA repair factors. Here, we review our current understanding of DNA damage signaling kinases, delineating the key substrates in budding yeast and humans. We trace the progress of the field in the last 30 years and discuss our current understanding of the major substrate regulatory mechanisms involved in checkpoint responses and DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Charles Lanz
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsWeill Institute for Cell and Molecular BiologyCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
| | - Diego Dibitetto
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsWeill Institute for Cell and Molecular BiologyCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
| | - Marcus Bustamante Smolka
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsWeill Institute for Cell and Molecular BiologyCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
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24
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McIntyre J, Sobolewska A, Fedorowicz M, McLenigan MP, Macias M, Woodgate R, Sledziewska-Gojska E. DNA polymerase ι is acetylated in response to S N2 alkylating agents. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4789. [PMID: 30886224 PMCID: PMC6423139 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41249-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA polymerase iota (Polι) belongs to the Y-family of DNA polymerases that are involved in DNA damage tolerance through their role in translesion DNA synthesis. Like all other Y-family polymerases, Polι interacts with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Rev1, ubiquitin and ubiquitinated-PCNA and is also ubiquitinated itself. Here, we report that Polι also interacts with the p300 acetyltransferase and is acetylated. The primary acetylation site is K550, located in the Rev1-interacting region. However, K550 amino acid substitutions have no effect on Polι's ability to interact with Rev1. Interestingly, we find that acetylation of Polι significantly and specifically increases in response to SN2 alkylating agents and to a lower extent to SN1 alkylating and oxidative agents. As we have not observed acetylation of Polι's closest paralogue, DNA polymerase eta (Polη), with which Polι shares many functional similarities, we believe that this modification might exclusively regulate yet to be determined, and separate function(s) of Polι.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna McIntyre
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Sobolewska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mikolaj Fedorowicz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mary P McLenigan
- Laboratory of Genomic Integrity, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-3371, USA
| | - Matylda Macias
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, ul. Ks. Trojdena 4, 02-109, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Roger Woodgate
- Laboratory of Genomic Integrity, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-3371, USA
| | - Ewa Sledziewska-Gojska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
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25
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Hsu PC, Gopinath RK, Hsueh YA, Shieh SY. CHK2-mediated regulation of PARP1 in oxidative DNA damage response. Oncogene 2018; 38:1166-1182. [PMID: 30254210 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0506-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is a DNA damage sensor, which upon activation, recruits downstream proteins by poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation). However, it remains largely unclear how PARP1 activity is regulated. Interestingly, the data obtained through this study revealed that PARP1 was co-immunoprecipitated with checkpoint kinase 2 (CHK2), and the interaction was increased after oxidative DNA damage. Moreover, CHK2 depletion resulted in a reduction in overall PARylation. To further explore the functional relationship between PARP1 and CHK2, this study employed H2O2 to induce an oxidative DNA damage response in cells. Here, we showed that CHK2 and PARP1 interact in vitro and in vivo through the CHK2 SCD domain and the PARP1 BRCT domain. Furthermore, CHK2 stimulates the PARylation activity of PARP1 through CHK2-dependent phosphorylation. Consequently, the impaired repair associated with PARP1 depletion could be rescued by re-expression of wild-type PARP1 and the phospho-mimic but not the phospho-deficient mutant. Mechanistically, we showed that CHK2-dependent phosphorylation of PARP1 not only regulates its cellular localization but also promotes its catalytic activity and its interaction with XRCC1. These findings indicate that CHK2 exerts a multifaceted impact on PARP1 in response to oxidative stress to facilitate DNA repair and to maintain cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ching Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | | | - Yi-An Hsueh
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Sheau-Yann Shieh
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114, Taiwan. .,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
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26
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Berger ND, Stanley FKT, Moore S, Goodarzi AA. ATM-dependent pathways of chromatin remodelling and oxidative DNA damage responses. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 372:rstb.2016.0283. [PMID: 28847820 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is a serine/threonine protein kinase with a master regulatory function in the DNA damage response. In this role, ATM commands a complex biochemical network that signals the presence of oxidative DNA damage, including the dangerous DNA double-strand break, and facilitates subsequent repair. Here, we review the current state of knowledge regarding ATM-dependent chromatin remodelling and epigenomic alterations that are required to maintain genomic integrity in the presence of DNA double-strand breaks and/or oxidative stress. We will focus particularly on the roles of ATM in adjusting nucleosome spacing at sites of unresolved DNA double-strand breaks within complex chromatin environments, and the impact of ATM on preserving the health of cells within the mammalian central nervous system.This article is part of the themed issue 'Chromatin modifiers and remodellers in DNA repair and signalling'.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Daniel Berger
- Robson DNA Science Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1
| | - Fintan K T Stanley
- Robson DNA Science Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1
| | - Shaun Moore
- Robson DNA Science Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1
| | - Aaron A Goodarzi
- Robson DNA Science Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1
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27
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Markkanen E. Not breathing is not an option: How to deal with oxidative DNA damage. DNA Repair (Amst) 2017; 59:82-105. [PMID: 28963982 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative DNA damage constitutes a major threat to genetic integrity, and has thus been implicated in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of diseases, including cancer and neurodegeneration. 7,8-dihydro-8oxo-deoxyGuanine (8-oxo-G) is one of the best characterised oxidative DNA lesions, and it can give rise to point mutations due to its miscoding potential that instructs most DNA polymerases (Pols) to preferentially insert Adenine (A) opposite 8-oxo-G instead of the correct Cytosine (C). If uncorrected, A:8-oxo-G mispairs can give rise to C:G→A:T transversion mutations. Cells have evolved a variety of pathways to mitigate the mutational potential of 8-oxo-G that include i) mechanisms to avoid incorporation of oxidized nucleotides into DNA through nucleotide pool sanitisation enzymes (by MTH1, MTH2, MTH3 and NUDT5), ii) base excision repair (BER) of 8-oxo-G in DNA (involving MUTYH, OGG1, Pol λ, and other components of the BER machinery), and iii) faithful bypass of 8-oxo-G lesions during replication (using a switch between replicative Pols and Pol λ). In the following, the fate of 8-oxo-G in mammalian cells is reviewed in detail. The differential origins of 8-oxo-G in DNA and its consequences for genetic stability will be covered. This will be followed by a thorough discussion of the different mechanisms in place to cope with 8-oxo-G with an emphasis on Pol λ-mediated correct bypass of 8-oxo-G during MUTYH-initiated BER as well as replication across 8-oxo-G. Furthermore, the multitude of mechanisms in place to regulate key proteins involved in 8-oxo-G repair will be reviewed. Novel functions of 8-oxo-G as an epigenetic-like regulator and insights into the repair of 8-oxo-G within the cellular context will be touched upon. Finally, a discussion will outline the relevance of 8-oxo-G and the proteins involved in dealing with 8-oxo-G to human diseases with a special emphasis on cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enni Markkanen
- Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstr. 260, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
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28
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Abo-Bakr A, Mossallam G, El Azhary N, Hafez H, Badawy R. Impact of CYP1A1, GSTP1 and XRCC1 genes polymorphisms on toxicity and response to chemotherapy in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2017; 29:127-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnci.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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29
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Pavlopoulou A, Bagos PG, Koutsandrea V, Georgakilas AG. Molecular determinants of radiosensitivity in normal and tumor tissue: A bioinformatic approach. Cancer Lett 2017; 403:37-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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30
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Gangloff S, Arcangioli B. DNA repair and mutations during quiescence in yeast. FEMS Yeast Res 2017; 17:fox002. [PMID: 28087675 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/fox002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Life is maintained through alternating phases of cell division and quiescence. The causes and consequences of spontaneous mutations have been extensively explored in proliferating cells, and the major sources include errors of DNA replication and DNA repair. The foremost consequences are genetic variations within a cell population that can lead to heritable diseases and drive evolution. While most of our knowledge on DNA damage response and repair has been gained through cells actively dividing, it remains essential to also understand how DNA damage is metabolized in cells which are not dividing. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge concerning the type of lesions that arise in non-dividing budding and fission yeast cells, as well as the pathways used to repair them. We discuss the contribution of these models to our current understanding of age-related pathologies.
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31
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de Sousa MML, Bjørås KØ, Hanssen-Bauer A, Solvang-Garten K, Otterlei M. p38 MAPK signaling and phosphorylations in the BRCT1 domain regulate XRCC1 recruitment to sites of DNA damage. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6322. [PMID: 28740101 PMCID: PMC5524842 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06770-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
XRCC1 is a scaffold protein involved in base excision repair and single strand break repair. It is a phosphoprotein that contains more than 45 phosphorylation sites, however only a few of these have been characterized and connected to specific kinases and functions. Mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) are mediators of cellular stress responses, and here we demonstrate that p38 MAPK signaling is involved in phosphorylation of XRCC1 and regulation of recruitment to oxidative stress. Inhibition of p38 MAPK caused a marked pI shift of XRCC1 towards a less phosphorylated state. Inhibition of p38 also increased the immediate accumulation of XRCC1 at site of DNA damage in a poly(ADP)-ribose (PAR) dependent manner. These results suggest a link between PARylation, p38 signaling and XRCC1 recruitment to DNA damage. Additionally, we characterized two phosphorylation sites, T358 and T367, located within, or close to, the phosphate-binding pocket of XRCC1, which is important for interaction with PAR. Mutation of these sites impairs recruitment of XRCC1 to DNA damage and binding to PARP1/PAR. Collectively, our data suggest that phosphorylation of T358 and T367 and p38 signaling are important for proper regulation of XRCC1 recruitment to DNA damage and thereby avoidance of potential toxic and mutagenic BER-intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirta Mittelstedt Leal de Sousa
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,The Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility (PROMEC) at NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.,The Central Norway Regional Health Authority, Stjørdal, Norway
| | - Karine Øian Bjørås
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Audun Hanssen-Bauer
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Karin Solvang-Garten
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marit Otterlei
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
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32
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Abstract
Base excision repair (BER) is an essential DNA repair pathway involved in the maintenance of genome stability and thus in the prevention of human diseases, such as premature aging, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs), including acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, SUMOylation, and ubiquitylation, have emerged as important contributors in controlling cellular BER protein levels, enzymatic activities, protein-protein interactions, and protein cellular localization. These PTMs therefore play key roles in regulating the BER pathway and are consequently crucial for coordinating an efficient cellular DNA damage response. In this review, we summarize the presently available data on characterized PTMs of key BER proteins, the functional consequences of these modifications at the protein level, and also the impact on BER in vitro and in vivo.
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33
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Necchi D, Pinto A, Tillhon M, Dutto I, Serafini MM, Lanni C, Govoni S, Racchi M, Prosperi E. Defective DNA repair and increased chromatin binding of DNA repair factors in Down syndrome fibroblasts. Mutat Res 2015; 780:15-23. [PMID: 26258283 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is characterized by genetic instability, neurodegeneration, and premature aging. However, the molecular mechanisms leading to this phenotype are not yet well understood. Here, we report that DS fibroblasts from both fetal and adult donors show the presence of oxidative DNA base damage, such as dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxodG), and activation of a DNA damage response (DDR), already during unperturbed growth conditions. DDR with checkpoint activation was indicated by histone H2AX and Chk2 protein phosphorylation, and by increased p53 protein levels. In addition, both fetal and adult DS fibroblasts were more sensitive to oxidative DNA damage induced by potassium bromate, and were defective in the removal of 8-oxodG, as compared with age-matched cells from control healthy donors. The analysis of core proteins participating in base excision repair (BER), such as XRCC1 and DNA polymerase β, showed that higher amounts of these factors were bound to chromatin in DS than in control cells, even in the absence of DNA damage. These findings occurred in concomitance with increased levels of phosphorylated XRCC1 detected in DS cells. These results indicate that DS cells exhibit a BER deficiency, which is associated with prolonged chromatin association of core BER factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Necchi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Antonella Pinto
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Micol Tillhon
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the National Research Council (CNR), 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Dutto
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the National Research Council (CNR), 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Lanni
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Govoni
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Racchi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Ennio Prosperi
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the National Research Council (CNR), 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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34
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Chen SM, Chou WC, Hu LY, Hsiung CN, Chu HW, Huang YL, Hsu HM, Yu JC, Shen CY. The Effect of MicroRNA-124 Overexpression on Anti-Tumor Drug Sensitivity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128472. [PMID: 26115122 PMCID: PMC4482746 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs play critical roles in regulating various physiological processes, including growth and development. Previous studies have shown that microRNA-124 (miR-124) participates not only in regulation of early neurogenesis but also in suppression of tumorigenesis. In the present study, we found that overexpression of miR-124 was associated with reduced DNA repair capacity in cultured cancer cells and increased sensitivity of cells to DNA-damaging anti-tumor drugs, specifically those that cause the formation of DNA strand-breaks (SBs). We then examined which DNA repair–related genes, particularly the genes of SB repair, were regulated by miR-124. Two SB repair–related genes, encoding ATM interactor (ATMIN) and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), were strongly affected by miR-124 overexpression, by binding of miR-124 to the 3¢-untranslated region of their mRNAs. As a result, the capacity of cells to repair DNA SBs, such as those resulting from homologous recombination, was significantly reduced upon miR-124 overexpression. A particularly important therapeutic implication of this finding is that overexpression of miR-124 enhanced cell sensitivity to multiple DNA-damaging agents via ATMIN- and PARP1-mediated mechanisms. The translational relevance of this role of miR-124 in anti-tumor drug sensitivity is suggested by the finding that increased miR-124 expression correlates with better breast cancer prognosis, specifically in patients receiving chemotherapy. These findings suggest that miR-124 could potentially be used as a therapeutic agent to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy with DNA-damaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiau-Mei Chen
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Cheng Chou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Yueh Hu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ni Hsiung
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hou-Wei Chu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ling Huang
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Ming Hsu
- Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Cherng Yu
- Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yang Shen
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichong, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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35
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Chou WC, Hu LY, Hsiung CN, Shen CY. Initiation of the ATM-Chk2 DNA damage response through the base excision repair pathway. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36:832-40. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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36
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Sizova DV, Keh A, Taylor BF, Sweasy JB. The R280H X-ray cross-complementing 1 germline variant induces genomic instability and cellular transformation. DNA Repair (Amst) 2015; 31:73-9. [PMID: 26011397 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
X-ray repair cross complementing protein 1 (XRCC1) plays an important role in base excision DNA repair (BER) as a scaffolding protein for BER enzymes. BER is one of the basic DNA repair pathways repairing greater than 20,000 endogenous lesions per cell per day. Proper functioning of XRCC1, one of the most important players in BER, was suggested to be indispensable for effective DNA repair. Despite accumulating evidence of an important role that XRCC1 plays in maintaining genomic stability, the relationship between one of its most predominant variants, R280H (rs25489), and cancer prevalence remains ambiguous. In the current study we functionally characterized the effect of the R280H variant expression on immortal non-transformed mouse mammary epithelial C127 and human breast epithelial MCF10A cells. We found that expression of R280H results in increased focus formation in mouse C127 cells and induces cellular transformation in human MCF10A cells. Cells expressing R280H showed significantly increased levels of chromosomal aberrations and accumulate double strand breaks in the G1 cell cycle phase. Our results confirm a possible link between R280H and genomic instability and suggest that individuals carrying this mutation may be at increased risk of cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria V Sizova
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06437, USA
| | - Agnes Keh
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06437, USA
| | - Ben F Taylor
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06437, USA
| | - Joann B Sweasy
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06437, USA.
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37
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Khoronenkova SV, Dianov GL. ATM prevents DSB formation by coordinating SSB repair and cell cycle progression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:3997-4002. [PMID: 25775545 PMCID: PMC4386361 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1416031112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs) arise as a consequence of spontaneous DNA instability and are also formed as DNA repair intermediates. Their repair is critical because they otherwise terminate gene transcription and generate toxic DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) on replication. To prevent the formation of DSBs, SSB repair must be completed before DNA replication. To accomplish this, cells should be able to detect unrepaired SSBs, and then delay cell cycle progression to allow more time for repair; however, to date there is no evidence supporting the coordination of SSB repair and replication in human cells. Here we report that ataxia-telangiectasia mutated kinase (ATM) plays a major role in restricting the replication of SSB-containing DNA and thus prevents DSB formation. We show that ATM is activated by SSBs and coordinates their repair with DNA replication. SSB-mediated ATM activation is followed by a G1 cell cycle delay that allows more time for repair and thus prevents the replication of damaged DNA and DSB accrual. These findings establish an unanticipated role for ATM in the signaling of DNA SSBs and provide important insight into the molecular defects leading to genetic instability in patients with ataxia-telangiectasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana V Khoronenkova
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom; and Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Grigory L Dianov
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom; and
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38
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Huang YL, Chou WC, Hsiung CN, Hu LY, Chu HW, Shen CY. FGFR2 regulates Mre11 expression and double-strand break repair via the MEK-ERK-POU1F1 pathway in breast tumorigenesis. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:3506-17. [PMID: 25788520 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between breast cancer risk and genetic variants of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) has been identified and repeatedly confirmed; however, the mechanism underlying FGFR2 in breast tumorigenesis remains obscure. Given that breast tumorigenesis is particularly related to DNA double-strand-break-repair (DSBR), we examined the hypothesis that FGFR2 is involved in DSBR. Our results show that expression of Mre11, a vital exonuclease in DSBR, is downregulated by FGFR2, which is further linked to decreased DSBR. Analysis of the Mre11 promoter revealed that POU1F1 mediates FGFR2-induced Mre11 downregulation. Furthermore, ERK, downstream of FGFR2, directly interacts with and phosphorylates POU1F1, increasing POU1F1 binding capacity to the Mre11 promoter and repressing Mre11 expression, which consequently affects DSBR and sensitizes breast cancer cells to chemotherapeutic treatments. The importance of the FGFR2-Mre11-DSBR link in cancer progression is suggested by the finding that genotypes of FGFR2 and Mre11 are associated with survival of breast cancer patients and that FGFR2 expression correlates with cancer prognosis specifically in patients receiving chemotherapy. This study yields important insight into the role of FGFR2 in breast tumorigenesis and may facilitate development of a useful therapeutic approach for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Ling Huang
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan and
| | - Wen-Cheng Chou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan and
| | - Chia-Ni Hsiung
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan and
| | - Ling-Yueh Hu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan and
| | - Hou-Wei Chu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan and
| | - Chen-Yang Shen
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan and College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichong 404, Taiwan
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39
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Interaction with OGG1 is required for efficient recruitment of XRCC1 to base excision repair and maintenance of genetic stability after exposure to oxidative stress. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:1648-58. [PMID: 25733688 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00134-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
XRCC1 is an essential protein required for the maintenance of genomic stability through its implication in DNA repair. The main function of XRCC1 is associated with its role in the single-strand break (SSB) and base excision repair (BER) pathways that share several enzymatic steps. We show here that the polymorphic XRCC1 variant R194W presents a defect in its interaction with the DNA glycosylase OGG1 after oxidative stress. While proficient for single-strand break repair (SSBR), this variant does not colocalize with OGG1, reflecting a defect in its involvement in BER. Consistent with a role of XRCC1 in the coordination of the BER pathway, induction of oxidative base damage in XRCC1-deficient cells complemented with the R194W variant results in increased genetic instability as revealed by the accumulation of micronuclei. These data identify a specific molecular role for the XRCC1-OGG1 interaction in BER and provide a model for the effects of the R194W variant identified in molecular cancer epidemiology studies.
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Dutta A, Yang C, Sengupta S, Mitra S, Hegde ML. New paradigms in the repair of oxidative damage in human genome: mechanisms ensuring repair of mutagenic base lesions during replication and involvement of accessory proteins. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:1679-98. [PMID: 25575562 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1820-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Oxidized bases in the mammalian genome, which are invariably mutagenic due to their mispairing property, are continuously induced by endogenous reactive oxygen species and more abundantly after oxidative stress. Unlike bulky base adducts induced by UV and other environmental mutagens in the genome that block replicative DNA polymerases, oxidatively damaged bases such as 5-hydroxyuracil, produced by oxidative deamination of cytosine in the template strand, do not block replicative polymerases and thus need to be repaired prior to replication to prevent mutation. Following up our earlier studies, which showed that the Nei endonuclease VIII like 1 (NEIL1) DNA glycosylase, one of the five base excision repair (BER)-initiating enzymes in mammalian cells, has enhanced expression during the S-phase and higher affinity for replication fork-mimicking single-stranded (ss) DNA substrates, we recently provided direct experimental evidence for NEIL1's role in replicating template strand repair. The key requirement for this event, which we named as the 'cow-catcher' mechanism of pre-replicative BER, is NEIL1's non-productive binding (substrate binding without product formation) to the lesion base in ss DNA template to stall DNA synthesis, causing fork regression. Repair of the lesion in reannealed duplex is then carried out by NEIL1 in association with the DNA replication proteins. NEIL1 (and other BER-initiating enzymes) also interact with several accessory and non-canonical proteins including the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U and Y-box-binding protein 1 as well as high mobility group box 1 protein, whose precise roles in BER are still obscure. In this review, we have discussed the recent advances in our understanding of oxidative genome damage repair pathways with particular focus on the pre-replicative template strand repair and the role of scaffold factors like X-ray repairs cross-complementing protein 1 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 and other accessory proteins guiding distinct BER sub-pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Dutta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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Bravard A, Auvré F, Fantini D, Bernardino-Sgherri J, Sissoëff L, Daynac M, Xu Z, Etienne O, Dehen C, Comoy E, Boussin FD, Tell G, Deslys JP, Radicella JP. The prion protein is critical for DNA repair and cell survival after genotoxic stress. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 43:904-16. [PMID: 25539913 PMCID: PMC4333392 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku1342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The prion protein (PrP) is highly conserved and ubiquitously expressed, suggesting that it plays an important physiological function. However, despite decades of investigation, this role remains elusive. Here, by using animal and cellular models, we unveil a key role of PrP in the DNA damage response. Exposure of neurons to a genotoxic stress activates PRNP transcription leading to an increased amount of PrP in the nucleus where it interacts with APE1, the major mammalian endonuclease essential for base excision repair, and stimulates its activity. Preventing the induction of PRNP results in accumulation of abasic sites in DNA and impairs cell survival after genotoxic treatment. Brains from Prnp−/− mice display a reduced APE1 activity and a defect in the repair of induced DNA damage in vivo. Thus, PrP is required to maintain genomic stability in response to genotoxic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Bravard
- CEA, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France INSERM, U967, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France Université Paris Diderot, UMR 967, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France Université Paris Sud, UMR 967, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Frédéric Auvré
- CEA, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France INSERM, U967, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France Université Paris Diderot, UMR 967, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France Université Paris Sud, UMR 967, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Damiano Fantini
- CEA, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France INSERM, U967, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France Université Paris Diderot, UMR 967, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France Université Paris Sud, UMR 967, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Jacqueline Bernardino-Sgherri
- CEA, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France INSERM, U967, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France Université Paris Diderot, UMR 967, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France Université Paris Sud, UMR 967, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Ludmilla Sissoëff
- CEA, Institut des Maladies Emergentes et des Thérapies Innovantes, Service d'Etudes des Prions et des Infections Atypiques, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-roses, France
| | - Mathieu Daynac
- CEA, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France INSERM, U967, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France Université Paris Diderot, UMR 967, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France Université Paris Sud, UMR 967, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Zhou Xu
- CEA, Institut des Maladies Emergentes et des Thérapies Innovantes, Service d'Etudes des Prions et des Infections Atypiques, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-roses, France
| | - Olivier Etienne
- CEA, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France INSERM, U967, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France Université Paris Diderot, UMR 967, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France Université Paris Sud, UMR 967, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Capucine Dehen
- CEA, Institut des Maladies Emergentes et des Thérapies Innovantes, Service d'Etudes des Prions et des Infections Atypiques, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-roses, France
| | - Emmanuel Comoy
- CEA, Institut des Maladies Emergentes et des Thérapies Innovantes, Service d'Etudes des Prions et des Infections Atypiques, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-roses, France
| | - François D Boussin
- CEA, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France INSERM, U967, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France Université Paris Diderot, UMR 967, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France Université Paris Sud, UMR 967, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Gianluca Tell
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Jean-Philippe Deslys
- CEA, Institut des Maladies Emergentes et des Thérapies Innovantes, Service d'Etudes des Prions et des Infections Atypiques, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-roses, France
| | - J Pablo Radicella
- CEA, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France INSERM, U967, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France Université Paris Diderot, UMR 967, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France Université Paris Sud, UMR 967, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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Alekseev O, Limonnik V, Donovan K, Azizkhan-Clifford J. Activation of checkpoint kinase 2 is critical for herpes simplex virus type 1 replication in corneal epithelium. Ophthalmic Res 2014; 53:55-64. [PMID: 25531207 PMCID: PMC4380435 DOI: 10.1159/000366228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type I keratitis remains a leading cause of corneal morbidity, despite the availability of effective antiviral drugs. Improved understanding of virus-host interactions at the level of the host DNA damage response (DDR), a known factor in the development of HSV-1 keratitis, may shed light on potential new therapeutic targets. This report examines the role of checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2), a DDR mediator protein, in corneal epithelial HSV-1 infection. METHODS A small-molecule inhibitor of Chk2 (Chk2 inhibitor II) was applied to HSV-1-infected cultured human corneal epithelial cells (hTCEpi and HCE) as well as to explanted and organotypically cultured human and rabbit corneas. Infection levels were assessed by plaque assay and real-time PCR. RNAi-mediated depletion of Chk2 was performed to confirm the effect of the inhibitor. RESULTS Inhibition of the Chk2 kinase activity greatly suppresses the cytopathic effect, genome replication and infectious progeny production in vitro and ex vivo. CONCLUSION This report demonstrates the critical role of Chk2 kinase in the establishment of HSV-1 corneal epithelial infection. These data contribute to our understanding of herpesvirus-host interactions and underscore the significance of DDR activation in HSV-1 keratitis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Cells, Cultured
- Checkpoint Kinase 2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Checkpoint Kinase 2/metabolism
- Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Enzyme Activation
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Epithelium, Corneal/drug effects
- Epithelium, Corneal/virology
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect
- Herpesvirus 1, Human/physiology
- Humans
- Keratitis, Herpetic/enzymology
- Keratitis, Herpetic/virology
- Organ Culture Techniques
- Phosphorylation
- Rabbits
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Virus Replication
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Alekseev
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa., USA
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Abdel-Fatah TMA, Arora A, Moseley P, Coveney C, Perry C, Johnson K, Kent C, Ball G, Chan S, Madhusudan S. ATM, ATR and DNA-PKcs expressions correlate to adverse clinical outcomes in epithelial ovarian cancers. BBA CLINICAL 2014; 2:10-7. [PMID: 26674120 PMCID: PMC4633921 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM), ataxia-telangiectasia mutated and rad3 related (ATR) and DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic sub-unit (DNA-PKcs) play critical roles in DNA damage response (DDR) by linking DNA damage sensing to DDR effectors that regulate cell cycle progression and DNA repair. Our objective was to evaluate if ATM, ATR and DNA-PKcs expressions could predict response to therapy and clinical outcome in epithelial ovarian cancers. METHODS We investigated ATM, ATR, and DNA-PKcs expressions in ovarian epithelial cancers [protein expression (n = 194 patients), mRNA expression (n = 156 patients)] and correlated to clinicopathological outcomes as well as expression of X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 1 (XRCC1), cell division cycle-45 (CDC45), cyclin-dependent kinase 1(CDK1) and Ki-67 in tumours. RESULTS High ATM protein expression was associated with serous cystadenocarcinomas (p = 0.021) and platinum resistance (p = 0.017). High DNA-PKcs protein expression was associated with serous cystadenocarcinomas (p = 0.006) and advanced stage tumours (p = 0.018). High ATM protein (p = 0.001), high ATM mRNA (p = 0.018), high DNA-PKcs protein (p = 0.002), high DNA-PKcs mRNA (p = 0.044) and high ATR protein (p = 0.001) expressions are correlated with poor ovarian cancer specific survival (OCSS). In multivariate Cox model, high DNA-PKcs (p = 0.006) and high ATR (p = 0.043) protein expressions remain independently associated with poor OCSS. CONCLUSIONS ATM, ATR and DNA-PKcs expressions may have prognostic and predictive significances in epithelial ovarian cancer. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The data presented here provides evidence that ATM, ATR and DNA-PKcs involved in DDR are not only promising biomarkers but are also rational targets for personalized therapy in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arvind Arora
- Department of Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Paul Moseley
- Department of Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Clare Coveney
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Christina Perry
- Department of Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK ; Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Division of Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Kerstie Johnson
- Department of Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Christopher Kent
- Department of Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Graham Ball
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Stephen Chan
- Department of Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Srinivasan Madhusudan
- Department of Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK ; Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Division of Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
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Qian K, Liu KJ, Xu F, Chen XY, Chen GN, Yi WJ, Zhou EX, Tang ZH. X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1(XRCC1) genetic polymorphisms and thyroid carcinoma risk: a meta-analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 13:6385-90. [PMID: 23464463 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.12.6385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of studies have been conducted to explore the association of XRCC1 polymorphisms with thyroid cancer risk, but the results have been inconsistent. Thus we performed the present meta-analysis to clarify this issue based on all of the evidence available to date. Relevant studies were retrieved by searching PubMed and statistical analysis conducted using Stata software. Nine studies were included in this meta-analysis (1,620 cases and 3,557 controls). There were 6 studies (932 cases and 2,270 controls) of the Arg194Trp polymorphism, 7 studies (1432 cases and 3356 controls) of the Arg280His polymorphism and 9 studies (1,620 cases and 3,557 controls) for the Arg399Gln polymorphism. No association of XRCC1 Arg194Trp, Arg280His and Arg399Gln polymorphism with thyroid cancer risk was observed in the overall analysis. However, subgroup analysis revealed: 1) an elevated risk in aa vs AA analysis (OR=2.03, 95%CI= 1.24-3.31) and recessive genetic model analysis (OR=1.93, 95%CI= 1.20-3.08) in the larger sample size trials for XRCC1 Arg194Trp polymorphism; 2) a decreased thyroid cancer risk on subgroup analysis based on ethnicity in Aa vs AA analysis (OR=0.84, 95%CI= 0.72-0.98) and in a dominant genetic model (OR=0.84, 95%CI= 0.72-0.97) in Caucasian populations for the XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphism; 3) a decreased thyroid cancer risk on subgroup analysis based on design type in Aa vs AA analysis (OR=0.72, 95% CI= 0.54-0.97) among the PCC trials for the Arg399Gln polymorphism. Our results suggest that the XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphism may be associated with decreased thyroid cancer risk among Caucasians and XRCC1 Arg194Trp may be associated with a tendency for increased thyroid cancer risk in the two larger sample size trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Qian
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Chandra S, Pandey A, Chowdhuri DK. MiRNA profiling provides insights on adverse effects of Cr(VI) in the midgut tissues of Drosophila melanogaster. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 283:558-567. [PMID: 25464296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cr(VI), a well-known environmental chemical, is reported to cause various adverse effects on exposed organisms including genomic instability and carcinogenesis. Despite available information on the underlying mechanism of Cr(VI) induced toxicity, studies regarding toxicity modulation by epigenetic mechanisms are limited. It was therefore, hypothesized that the global miRNA profiling in Cr(VI) exposed Drosophila, a genetically tractable model organism, will provide information about mis-regulated miRNAs along with their targeted genes and relevant processes. Third instar larvae of Drosophila melanogaster (Oregon R(+)) were exposed to 5.0-20.0 μg/ml of Cr(VI) for 24 and 48 h. Following miRNA profile analysis on an Agilent platform, 28 of the 36 differentially expressed miRNAs were found to be significantly mis-regulated targeting major biological processes viz., DNA damage repair, oxidation-reduction processes, development and differentiation. Down-regulation of mus309 and mus312 under DNA repair, acon to oxidation-reduction and pyd to stress activated MAPK cascade respectively belonging to these gene ontology classes concurrent with up-regulation of dme-miR-314-3p, dme-miR-79-3p and dme-miR-12-5p confirm their functional involvement against Cr(VI) exposure. These findings assume significance since majority of the target genes in Drosophila have functional homologues in humans. The study further recommends Drosophila as a model to explore the role of miRNAs in xenobiotic induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Chandra
- Embryotoxicology Section, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110 001, India
| | - Ashutosh Pandey
- Embryotoxicology Section, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Debapratim Kar Chowdhuri
- Embryotoxicology Section, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Agnihotri S, Burrell K, Buczkowicz P, Remke M, Golbourn B, Chornenkyy Y, Gajadhar A, Fernandez NA, Clarke ID, Barszczyk MS, Pajovic S, Ternamian C, Head R, Sabha N, Sobol RW, Taylor MD, Rutka JT, Jones C, Dirks PB, Zadeh G, Hawkins C. ATM regulates 3-methylpurine-DNA glycosylase and promotes therapeutic resistance to alkylating agents. Cancer Discov 2014; 4:1198-213. [PMID: 25100205 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-14-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Alkylating agents are a first-line therapy for the treatment of several aggressive cancers, including pediatric glioblastoma, a lethal tumor in children. Unfortunately, many tumors are resistant to this therapy. We sought to identify ways of sensitizing tumor cells to alkylating agents while leaving normal cells unharmed, increasing therapeutic response while minimizing toxicity. Using an siRNA screen targeting over 240 DNA damage response genes, we identified novel sensitizers to alkylating agents. In particular, the base excision repair (BER) pathway, including 3-methylpurine-DNA glycosylase (MPG), as well as ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), were identified in our screen. Interestingly, we identified MPG as a direct novel substrate of ATM. ATM-mediated phosphorylation of MPG was required for enhanced MPG function. Importantly, combined inhibition or loss of MPG and ATM resulted in increased alkylating agent-induced cytotoxicity in vitro and prolonged survival in vivo. The discovery of the ATM-MPG axis will lead to improved treatment of alkylating agent-resistant tumors. SIGNIFICANCE Inhibition of ATM and MPG-mediated BER cooperate to sensitize tumor cells to alkylating agents, impairing tumor growth in vitro and in vivo with no toxicity to normal cells, providing an ideal therapeutic window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Agnihotri
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kelly Burrell
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Pawel Buczkowicz
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marc Remke
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Brian Golbourn
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yevgen Chornenkyy
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Aaron Gajadhar
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Nestor A Fernandez
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ian D Clarke
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mark S Barszczyk
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sanja Pajovic
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Christian Ternamian
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Renee Head
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nesrin Sabha
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Robert W Sobol
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael D Taylor
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - James T Rutka
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Chris Jones
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter B Dirks
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Gelareh Zadeh
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada. Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Cynthia Hawkins
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada. Division of Pathology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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Li C, Xiang X, Zhou Y. No association between XRCC1 genetic polymorphisms and differentiated thyroid carcinoma risk: a meta-analysis. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:7613-21. [PMID: 25086624 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3651-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) gene belongs to the family of DNA repair genes. Polymorphisms in the XRCC1 gene, Arg399Gln, Arg194Trp and Arg280His, have been reported to have implications in differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) susceptibility, but the results remain conflicting and no meta-analysis has been published. Therefore, we carried out a systematic review of the published epidemiology studies, aiming to assess the relationship between XRCC1 polymorphisms and susceptibility to DTC risk. We selected three databases, PubMed, EMBASE and CNKI, in which to search for published literature. With respect to DTC risk associated with XRCC1, combined odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were appropriately calculated on the basis of co-dominant, dominant and recessive models. To investigate different effects from specific race, subgroup analyses were carried out in Asian and Caucasian populations. Eight studies meeting the inclusion criteria were eventually selected for Arg399Gln (1,550 cases and 2,692 controls), five studies for Arg194Trp (858 cases and 1,394 controls) and five studies for Arg280His (1,237 cases and 2,267 controls). The combined results of the relevant studies exhibited that no significant associations with DTC risk were demonstrated for polymorphisms in XRCC1 Arg399Gln, Arg194Trp and Arg280His in all genetic models. Stratified analyses in Asian and Caucasian populations showed similar results. This meta-analysis arrives at a conclusion that the XRCC1 (Arg399Gln, Arg194Trp, Arg280His) polymorphisms appear to confer no risk for DTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Li
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
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Carlessi L, Poli EF, Bechi G, Mantegazza M, Pascucci B, Narciso L, Dogliotti E, Sala C, Verpelli C, Lecis D, Delia D. Functional and molecular defects of hiPSC-derived neurons from patients with ATM deficiency. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1342. [PMID: 25032865 PMCID: PMC4123100 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Loss of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase, a key factor of the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway, causes the cancer predisposing and neurodegenerative syndrome ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T). To investigate the mechanisms of neurodegeneration, we have reprogrammed fibroblasts from ATM-null A-T patients and normal controls to pluripotency (human-induced pluripotent stem cells), and derived from these neural precursor cells able to terminally differentiate into post-mitotic neurons positive to >90% for β-tubulin III+/microtubule-associated protein 2+. We show that A-T neurons display similar voltage-gated potassium and sodium currents and discharges of action potentials as control neurons, but defective expression of the maturation and synaptic markers SCG10, SYP and PSD95 (postsynaptic density protein 95). A-T neurons exhibited defective repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and repressed phosphorylation of ATM substrates (e.g., γH2AX, Smc1-S966, Kap1-S824, Chk2-T68, p53-S15), but normal repair of single-strand breaks, and normal short- and long-patch base excision repair activities. Moreover, A-T neurons were resistant to apoptosis induced by the genotoxic agents camptothecin and trabectedin, but as sensitive as controls to the oxidative agents. Most notably, A-T neurons exhibited abnormal accumulation of topoisomerase 1-DNA covalent complexes (Top1-ccs). These findings reveal that ATM deficiency impairs neuronal maturation, suppresses the response and repair of DNA DSBs, and enhances Top1-cc accumulation. Top1-cc could be a risk factor for neurodegeneration as they may interfere with transcription elongation and promote transcriptional decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Carlessi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - E Fusar Poli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - G Bechi
- Department of Neurophysiopathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - M Mantegazza
- Department of Neurophysiopathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology (IPMC) CNRS UMR7275 and University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, 660 Route des Lucioles, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - B Pascucci
- CNR Institute of Crystallography, Via Salaria, Km. 29.300, 00016 Monterotondo Scalo, Roma, Italy
| | - L Narciso
- Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - E Dogliotti
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - C Sala
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, Italy
| | - C Verpelli
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, Italy
| | - D Lecis
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - D Delia
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milano, Italy
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49
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Gabel SA, DeRose EF, London RE. XRCC1 interaction with the REV1 C-terminal domain suggests a role in post replication repair. DNA Repair (Amst) 2014; 12:1105-13. [PMID: 24409475 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2013.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The function of X-ray cross complementing group 1 protein (XRCC1), a scaffold that binds to DNA repair enzymes involved in single-strand break and base excision repair, requires that it be recruited to sites of damaged DNA. However, structural insights into this recruitment are currently limited. Sequence analysis of the first unstructured linker domain of XRCC1 identifies a segment consistent with a possible REV1 interacting region (X1RIR) motif. The X1RIR motif is present in translesion polymerases that can be recruited to the pol /REV1 DNA repair complex via a specific interaction with the REV1 C-terminal domain. NMR and fluorescence titration studies were performed on XRCC1-derived peptides containing this putative RIR motif in order to evaluate the binding affinity for the REV1 C-terminal domain. These studies demonstrate an interaction of the XRCC1-derived peptide with the human REV1 C-terminal domain characterized by dissociation constants in the low micromolar range. Ligand competition studies comparing the XRCC1 RIR peptide with previously studied RIR peptides were found to be inconsistent with the NMR based Kd values. These discrepancies were resolved using a fluorescence assay for which the RIR–REV1 system is particularly well suited. The structure of a REV1-XRCC1 peptide complex was determined by using NOE restraints to dock the unlabeled XRCC1 peptide with a labeled REV1 C-terminal domain. The structure is generally homologous with previously determined complexes with the pol κ and pol η RIR peptides, although the helical segment in XRCC1 is shorter than was observed in these cases. These studies suggest the possible involvement of XRCC1 and its associated repair factors in post replication repair.
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50
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Abstract
TDP1 and TDP2 were discovered and named based on the fact they process 3'- and 5'-DNA ends by excising irreversible protein tyrosyl-DNA complexes involving topoisomerases I and II, respectively. Yet, both enzymes have an extended spectrum of activities. TDP1 not only excises trapped topoisomerases I (Top1 in the nucleus and Top1mt in mitochondria), but also repairs oxidative damage-induced 3'-phosphoglycolates and alkylation damage-induced DNA breaks, and excises chain terminating anticancer and antiviral nucleosides in the nucleus and mitochondria. The repair function of TDP2 is devoted to the excision of topoisomerase II- and potentially topoisomerases III-DNA adducts. TDP2 is also essential for the life cycle of picornaviruses (important human and bovine pathogens) as it unlinks VPg proteins from the 5'-end of the viral RNA genome. Moreover, TDP2 has been involved in signal transduction (under the former names of TTRAP or EAPII). The DNA repair partners of TDP1 include PARP1, XRCC1, ligase III and PNKP from the base excision repair (BER) pathway. By contrast, TDP2 repair functions are coordinated with Ku and ligase IV in the non-homologous end joining pathway (NHEJ). This article summarizes and compares the biochemistry, functions, and post-translational regulation of TDP1 and TDP2, as well as the relevance of TDP1 and TDP2 as determinants of response to anticancer agents. We discuss the rationale for developing TDP inhibitors for combinations with topoisomerase inhibitors (topotecan, irinotecan, doxorubicin, etoposide, mitoxantrone) and DNA damaging agents (temozolomide, bleomycin, cytarabine, and ionizing radiation), and as novel antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Pommier
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 37, Room 5068, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Shar-yin N Huang
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 37, Room 5068, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rui Gao
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 37, Room 5068, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Benu Brata Das
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 37, Room 5068, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Junko Murai
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 37, Room 5068, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe, Sakyo-ku 606-8501, Japan
| | - Christophe Marchand
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 37, Room 5068, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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