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Zhang M, Zeng Y, Wang F, Feng H, Liu Q, Li F, Zhao S, Zhao J, Liu Z, Zheng F, Liu H. Effects of the Nonstructural Protein-Nucleolar and Coiled-Body Phosphoprotein 1 Protein Interaction on rRNA Synthesis Through Telomeric Repeat-Binding Factor 2 Regulation Under Nucleolar Stress. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2024; 40:408-416. [PMID: 38062753 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2023.0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of the interaction between the non-structural protein 1 (NS1) and nucleolar and coiled-body phosphoprotein 1 (NOLC1) on rRNA synthesis through nucleolar telomeric repeat-binding factor 2 (TRF2) under nucleolar stress in avian influenza A virus infection. The analysis of TRF2 ties into the exploration of ribosomal protein L11 (RPL11) and mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) because TRF2 has been found to interact with NOLC1, and the RPL11-MDM2 pathway plays an important role in nucleolar regulation and cellular processes. Both human embryonic kidney 293T cells and human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells were transfected with the plasmids pCAGGS-HA and pCAGGS-HA-NS1, respectively. In addition, A549 cells were transfected with the plasmids pEGFP-N1, pEGFP-N1-NS1, and pDsRed2-N1-TRF2. The cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry, and coimmunoprecipitation was applied to examine the interactions between different proteins. The effect of NS1 on TRF2 was detected by immunoprecipitation, and the colocalization of NOLC1 and TRF2 or NS1 and TRF2 was visualized by immunofluorescence. Quantitative real-time PCR was conducted to detect the expression of the TRF2 and p21. There is a strong interaction between NOLC1 and TRF2, and the colocalization of NOLC1 and TRF2 in the nucleus. The protein expression of NOLC1 in A549-HA-NS1 cells was lower than that in A549-HA cells, which was accompanied by the upregulated protein expression of p53 in A549-HA-NS1 cells (all p < .05). TRF2 was scattered throughout the nucleus without clear nucleolar aggregation. RPL11 specifically interacted with MDM2 in the NS1 group, and expression of the p21 gene was significantly increased in the HA-NS1 group compared with the HA group (p < .01). NS1 protein can lead to the reduced aggregation of TRF2 in the nucleolus, inhibition of rRNA expression, and cell cycle blockade by interfering with the NOLC1 protein and generating nucleolar stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhang
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yingyue Zeng
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Simulation and Information Processing of Biomacromolecules of Liaoning, Shenyang, China
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Computational Simulation and Information Processing of Biological Macromolecules, Shenyang, China
| | - Fengchao Wang
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huawei Feng
- Key Laboratory of Computational Simulation and Information Processing of Biomacromolecules of Liaoning, Shenyang, China
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Computational Simulation and Information Processing of Biological Macromolecules, Shenyang, China
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Design for Drug, Shenyang, China
| | - Qingqing Liu
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Feng Li
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shan Zhao
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Simulation and Information Processing of Biomacromolecules of Liaoning, Shenyang, China
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Computational Simulation and Information Processing of Biological Macromolecules, Shenyang, China
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Design for Drug, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhikui Liu
- Liaoning Huikang Testing and Evaluation Technology Co., Shenyang, China
| | - Fangliang Zheng
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongsheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Computational Simulation and Information Processing of Biomacromolecules of Liaoning, Shenyang, China
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Computational Simulation and Information Processing of Biological Macromolecules, Shenyang, China
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Design for Drug, Shenyang, China
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Zhong G, Zhao Y, Zhuang D, Chung WK, Shen Y. PreMode predicts mode-of-action of missense variants by deep graph representation learning of protein sequence and structural context. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.20.581321. [PMID: 38746140 PMCID: PMC11092447 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.20.581321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Accurate prediction of the functional impact of missense variants is important for disease gene discovery, clinical genetic diagnostics, therapeutic strategies, and protein engineering. Previous efforts have focused on predicting a binary pathogenicity classification, but the functional impact of missense variants is multi-dimensional. Pathogenic missense variants in the same gene may act through different modes of action (i.e., gain/loss-of-function) by affecting different aspects of protein function. They may result in distinct clinical conditions that require different treatments. We developed a new method, PreMode, to perform gene-specific mode-of-action predictions. PreMode models effects of coding sequence variants using SE(3)-equivariant graph neural networks on protein sequences and structures. Using the largest-to-date set of missense variants with known modes of action, we showed that PreMode reached state-of-the-art performance in multiple types of mode-of-action predictions by efficient transfer-learning. Additionally, PreMode's prediction of G/LoF variants in a kinase is consistent with inactive-active conformation transition energy changes. Finally, we show that PreMode enables efficient study design of deep mutational scans and optimization in protein engineering.
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Deng L, Liao L, Zhang YL, Yang SY, Hu SY, Andriani L, Ling YX, Ma XY, Zhang FL, Shao ZM, Li DQ. SF3A2 promotes progression and cisplatin resistance in triple-negative breast cancer via alternative splicing of MKRN1. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj4009. [PMID: 38569025 PMCID: PMC10990288 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj4009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the deadliest subtype of breast cancer owing to the lack of effective therapeutic targets. Splicing factor 3a subunit 2 (SF3A2), a poorly defined splicing factor, was notably elevated in TNBC tissues and promoted TNBC progression, as confirmed by cell proliferation, colony formation, transwell migration, and invasion assays. Mechanistic investigations revealed that E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase UBR5 promoted the ubiquitination-dependent degradation of SF3A2, which in turn regulated UBR5, thus forming a feedback loop to balance these two oncoproteins. Moreover, SF3A2 accelerated TNBC progression by, at least in part, specifically regulating the alternative splicing of makorin ring finger protein 1 (MKRN1) and promoting the expression of the dominant and oncogenic isoform, MKRN1-T1. Furthermore, SF3A2 participated in the regulation of both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis, leading to cisplatin resistance in TNBC cells. Collectively, these findings reveal a previously unknown role of SF3A2 in TNBC progression and cisplatin resistance, highlighting SF3A2 as a potential therapeutic target for patients with TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Deng
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Li Liao
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Cancer Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yin-Ling Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Cancer Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shao-Ying Yang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Cancer Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shu-Yuan Hu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lisa Andriani
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yun-Xiao Ling
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Ma
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fang-Lin Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Cancer Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Shao
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Cancer Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Da-Qiang Li
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Cancer Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Chan KI, Zhang S, Li G, Xu Y, Cui L, Wang Y, Su H, Tan W, Zhong Z. MYC Oncogene: A Druggable Target for Treating Cancers with Natural Products. Aging Dis 2024; 15:640-697. [PMID: 37450923 PMCID: PMC10917530 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Various diseases, including cancers, age-associated disorders, and acute liver failure, have been linked to the oncogene, MYC. Animal testing and clinical trials have shown that sustained tumor volume reduction can be achieved when MYC is inactivated, and different combinations of therapeutic agents including MYC inhibitors are currently being developed. In this review, we first provide a summary of the multiple biological functions of the MYC oncoprotein in cancer treatment, highlighting that the equilibrium points of the MYC/MAX, MIZ1/MYC/MAX, and MAD (MNT)/MAX complexes have further potential in cancer treatment that could be used to restrain MYC oncogene expression and its functions in tumorigenesis. We also discuss the multifunctional capacity of MYC in various cellular cancer processes, including its influences on immune response, metabolism, cell cycle, apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, metastasis, angiogenesis, multidrug resistance, and intestinal flora. Moreover, we summarize the MYC therapy patent landscape and emphasize the potential of MYC as a druggable target, using herbal medicine modulators. Finally, we describe pending challenges and future perspectives in biomedical research, involving the development of therapeutic approaches to modulate MYC or its targeted genes. Patients with cancers driven by MYC signaling may benefit from therapies targeting these pathways, which could delay cancerous growth and recover antitumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Iong Chan
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Guodong Li
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Yida Xu
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Liao Cui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Huanxing Su
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Wen Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
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Li X, Zhang CC, Lin XT, Zhang J, Zhang YJ, Yu HQ, Liu ZY, Gong Y, Zhang LD, Xie CM. Elevated expression of WSB2 degrades p53 and activates the IGFBP3-AKT-mTOR-dependent pathway to drive hepatocellular carcinoma. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:177-191. [PMID: 38177295 PMCID: PMC10834962 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01142-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of wild-type p53 turnover is a key cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), yet its mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we report that WD repeat and SOCS box containing protein 2 (WSB2), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is an independent adverse prognostic factor in HCC patients. WSB2 drives HCC tumorigenesis and lung metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, WSB2 is a new p53 destabilizer that promotes K48-linked p53 polyubiquitination at the Lys291 and Lys292 sites in HCC cells, leading to p53 proteasomal degradation. Degradation of p53 causes IGFBP3-dependent AKT/mTOR signaling activation. Furthermore, WSB2 was found to bind to the p53 tetramerization domain via its SOCS box domain. Targeting mTOR with everolimus, an oral drug, significantly blocked WSB2-triggered HCC tumorigenesis and metastasis in vivo. In clinical samples, high expression of WSB2 was associated with low wild-type p53 expression and high p-mTOR expression. These findings demonstrate that WSB2 is overexpressed and degrades wild-type p53 and then activates the IGFBP3-AKT/mTOR axis, leading to HCC tumorigenesis and lung metastasis, which indicates that targeting mTOR could be a new therapeutic strategy for HCC patients with high WSB2 expression and wild-type p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Department of General Surgery, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Nanning, 530003, China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yu-Jun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Hong-Qiang Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ze-Yu Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yi Gong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lei-Da Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Chuan-Ming Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
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Jin J, He J, Li X, Ni X, Jin X. The role of ubiquitination and deubiquitination in PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway: A potential target for cancer therapy. Gene 2023; 889:147807. [PMID: 37722609 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway controls key cellular processes, including proliferation and tumor progression, and abnormally high activation of this pathway is a hallmark in human cancers. The post-translational modification, such as Ubiquitination and deubiquitination, fine-tuning the protein level and the activity of members in this pathway play a pivotal role in maintaining normal physiological process. Emerging evidence show that the unbalanced ubiquitination/deubiquitination modification leads to human diseases via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the ubiquitination/deubiquitination regulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway may be helpful to uncover the underlying mechanism and improve the potential treatment of cancer via targeting this pathway. Herein, we summarize the latest research progress of ubiquitination and deubiquitination of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, systematically discuss the associated crosstalk between them, as well as focus the clinical transformation via targeting ubiquitination process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabei Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Jian He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Xinming Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Xiaoqi Ni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Xiaofeng Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
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Zhang Y, Li QS, Liu HL, Tang HT, Yang HL, Wu DQ, Huang YY, Li LC, Liu LH, Li MX. MKRN1 promotes colorectal cancer metastasis by activating the TGF-β signalling pathway through SNIP1 protein degradation. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:219. [PMID: 37620897 PMCID: PMC10464235 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02788-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Makorin ring finger protein 1 (MKRN1) gene, also called RNF61, is located on the long arm of chromosome 7 and is a member of the RING finger protein family. The E3 ubiquitin ligase MKRN1 is closely linked to tumour development, but the exact mechanism needs to be elucidated. In this study, we aimed to investigate the specific mechanism and role of MKRN1 in colorectal cancer (CRC) development. METHODS MKRN1 expression in CRC was analysed using the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopaedia and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases. Rectal tumour tissues were frozen to explore the MKRN1 expression in CRC and its clinical significance. The impact of MKRN1 on CRC cell proliferation and migration was observed using CCK8, colony formation, wound healing, and transwell assays. A combination of MKRN1 quantitative proteomics, ubiquitination modification omics analysis, and a string of in vitro and in vivo experiments revealed the potential mechanisms by which MKRN1 regulates CRC metastasis. RESULTS MKRN1 expression was significantly elevated in CRC tissues compared to paracancerous tissues and was positively linked with prognosis (P < 0.01). MKRN1 downregulation inhibits CRC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Conversely, MKRN1 overexpression promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of CRC cells. Mechanistically, MKRN1 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in CRC cells via ubiquitination and degradation of Smad nuclear-interacting protein 1 (SNIP1). Furthermore, SNIP1 inhibits transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signalling, and MKRN1 promotes TGF-β signalling by degrading SNIP1 to induce EMT in CRC cells. Finally, using conditional knockout mice, intestinal lesions and metastatic liver microlesions were greatly reduced in the intestinal knockout MKRN1 group compared to that in the control group. CONCLUSIONS High MKRN1 levels promote TGF-β signalling through ubiquitination and degradation of SNIP1, thereby facilitating CRC metastasis, and supporting MKRN1 as a CRC pro-cancer factor. The MKRN1/SNIP1/TGF-β axis may be a potential therapeutic target in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Guizhou Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, Guiyang, 550004, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin-Shan Li
- Guizhou Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, Guiyang, 550004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong-Lin Liu
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Ting Tang
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, Guiyang, 550004, People's Republic of China
| | - Han-Lin Yang
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, Guiyang, 550004, People's Republic of China
| | - Dao-Qiu Wu
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, Guiyang, 550004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ying Huang
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, Guiyang, 550004, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Cheng Li
- Clinical Medical College, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, Guiyang, 550004, People's Republic of China
- Department of HematologyGuizhou Province Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Centre, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Province Institute of Hematology, Guizhou, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Hong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Meng-Xing Li
- Clinical Medical College, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, Guiyang, 550004, People's Republic of China.
- Department of HematologyGuizhou Province Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Centre, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Province Institute of Hematology, Guizhou, Guiyang, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, Guiyang, 550004, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Li X, Zhi Y, Li J, Lei X, Ju Y, Zhang Y, Zheng Y, Kong X, Xue F, Zhong W, Chen X, Tang J, Li X, Mao Y. Single-cell RNA sequencing to reveal non-parenchymal cell heterogeneity and immune network of acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:1979-1995. [PMID: 37202523 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03513-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The role of non-parenchymal cells (NPCs) in the early phase of acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury (AILI) remains unclear. Therefore, single-cell sequencing (scRNA-seq) was performed to explore the heterogeneity and immune network of NPCs in the livers of mice with AILI. Mice were challenged with saline, 300 mg/kg APAP, or 750 mg/kg APAP (n = 3 for each group). After 3 h, the liver samples were collected, digested, and subjected to scRNA-seq. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were performed to confirm the expression of Makorin ring finger protein 1 (Mkrn1). We identified 14 distinct cell subtypes among the 120,599 cells. A variety of NPCs were involved, even in the early stages of AILI, indicating highly heterogeneous transcriptome dynamics. Cholangiocyte cluster 3, which had high deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 (Dmbt1) expression, was found to perform drug metabolism and detoxification functions. Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells exhibited fenestrae loss and angiogenesis. Macrophage cluster 1 displayed a M1 polarization phenotype, whereas cluster 3 tended to exhibit M2 polarization. Kupffer cells (KCs) exhibited pro-inflammatory effects due to the high expression of Cxcl2. qRT-PCR and western blotting verified that the LIFR-OSM axis might promote the activation of MAPK signaling pathway in RAW264.7 macrophages. Mkrn1 was highly expressed in the liver macrophages of AILI mice and AILI patients. Interaction patterns between macrophages/KCs and other NPCs were complex and diverse. NPCs were highly heterogeneous and were involved in the immune network during the early phase of AILI. In addition, we propose that Mkrn1 may serve as a potential biomarker of AILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Shanghai Research Center of Fatty Liver Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Zhi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Shanghai Research Center of Fatty Liver Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Shanghai Research Center of Fatty Liver Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohong Lei
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Shanghai Research Center of Fatty Liver Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Ju
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yufan Zheng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaming Kong
- Singleron Biotechnologies Ltd, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Xue
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Shanghai Research Center of Fatty Liver Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Shanghai Research Center of Fatty Liver Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieting Tang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Shanghai Research Center of Fatty Liver Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Yimin Mao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Shanghai Research Center of Fatty Liver Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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9
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Park SW, Park IB, Kang SJ, Bae J, Chun T. Interaction between host cell proteins and open reading frames of porcine circovirus type 2. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023; 65:698-719. [PMID: 37970506 PMCID: PMC10640953 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2023.e67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) is caused by a systemic inflammation after porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection. It was one of the most economically important pathogens affecting pig production worldwide before PCV2 vaccine was first introduced in 2006. After the development of a vaccine against PCV2a type, pig farms gradually restored enormous economic losses from PMWS. However, vaccine against PCV2a type could not be fully effective against several different PCV2 genotypes (PCV2b - PCV2h). In addition, PCV2a vaccine itself could generate antigenic drift of PCV2 capsid. Therefore, PCV2 infection still threats pig industry worldwide. PCV2 infection was initially found in local tissues including reproductive, respiratory, and digestive tracks. However, PCV2 infection often leads to a systemic inflammation which can cause severe immunosuppression by depleting peripheral lymphocytes in secondary lymphoid tissues. Subsequently, a secondary infection with other microorganisms can cause PMWS. Eleven putative open reading frames (ORFs) have been predicted to encode PCV2 genome. Among them, gene products of six ORFs from ORF1 to ORF6 have been identified and characterized to estimate its functional role during PCV2 infection. Acquiring knowledge about the specific interaction between each PCV2 ORF protein and host protein might be a key to develop preventive or therapeutic tools to control PCV2 infection. In this article, we reviewed current understanding of how each ORF of PCV2 manipulates host cell signaling related to immune suppression caused by PCV2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Won Park
- Department of Biotechnology, School of
Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul
02841, Korea
| | - In-Byung Park
- Department of Biotechnology, School of
Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul
02841, Korea
| | - Seok-Jin Kang
- Department of Biotechnology, School of
Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul
02841, Korea
| | - Joonbeom Bae
- Department of Biotechnology, School of
Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul
02841, Korea
| | - Taehoon Chun
- Department of Biotechnology, School of
Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul
02841, Korea
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10
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Zhang X, Wang Y, Zhang X, Shen Y, Yang K, Ma Q, Qiao Y, Shi J, Wang Y, Xu L, Yang B, Ge G, Hu L, Kong X, Yang C, Chen Y, Ding J, Meng L. Intact regulation of G1/S transition renders esophageal squamous cell carcinoma sensitive to PI3Kα inhibitors. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:153. [PMID: 37041169 PMCID: PMC10090078 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01359-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase alpha (PI3Kα) inhibitors are currently evaluated for the therapy of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). It is of great importance to identify potential biomarkers to predict or monitor the efficacy of PI3Kα inhibitors in an aim to improve the clinical responsive rate in ESCC. Here, ESCC PDXs with CCND1 amplification were found to be more sensitive to CYH33, a novel PI3Kα-selective inhibitor currently in clinical trials for the treatment of advanced solid tumors including ESCC. Elevated level of cyclin D1, p21 and Rb was found in CYH33-sensitive ESCC cells compared to those in resistant cells. CYH33 significantly arrested sensitive cells but not resistant cells at G1 phase, which was associated with accumulation of p21 and suppression of Rb phosphorylation by CDK4/6 and CDK2. Hypo-phosphorylation of Rb attenuated the transcriptional activation of SKP2 by E2F1, which in turn hindered SKP2-mediated degradation of p21 and reinforced accumulation of p21. Moreover, CDK4/6 inhibitors sensitized resistant ESCC cells and PDXs to CYH33. These findings provided mechanistic rationale to evaluate PI3Kα inhibitors in ESCC patients harboring amplified CCND1 and the combined regimen with CDK4/6 inhibitors in ESCC with proficient Rb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuxiang Wang
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yanyan Shen
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Kang Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qingyang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yuemei Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jiajie Shi
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lan Xu
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Biyu Yang
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Gaoxiang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Landian Hu
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xiangyin Kong
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Chunhao Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jian Ding
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Linghua Meng
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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11
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Jiang M, Chen M, Liu Q, Jin Z, Yang X, Zhang W. SF3B1 mutations in myelodysplastic syndromes: A potential therapeutic target for modulating the entire disease process. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1116438. [PMID: 37007111 PMCID: PMC10063959 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1116438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are clonal hematologic malignancies characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and dysplasia of the myeloid cell lineage and are characterized by peripheral blood cytopenia and an increased risk of transformation to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Approximately half of the patients with MDS have somatic mutations in the spliceosome gene. Splicing Factor 3B Subunit 1A (SF3B1), the most frequently occurring splicing factor mutation in MDS is significantly associated with the MDS-RS subtype. SF3B1 mutations are intimately involved in the MDS regulation of various pathophysiological processes, including impaired erythropoiesis, dysregulated iron metabolism homeostasis, hyperinflammatory features, and R-loop accumulation. In the fifth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification criteria for MDS, MDS with SF3B1 mutations has been classified as an independent subtype, which plays a crucial role in identifying the disease phenotype, promoting tumor development, determining clinical features, and influencing tumor prognosis. Given that SF3B1 has demonstrated therapeutic vulnerability both in early MDS drivers and downstream events, therapy based on spliceosome-associated mutations is considered a novel strategy worth exploring in the future.
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12
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Yang Y, Luo Y, Huang S, Tao Y, Li C, Wang C. MKRN1/2 serve as tumor suppressors in renal clear cell carcinoma by regulating the expression of p53. Cancer Biomark 2023; 36:267-278. [PMID: 36938725 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-210559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) belongs to renal cell carcinoma which is a very aggressive malignant tumor with poor prognosis and high mortality. The MKRN family includes three members MKRN1, MKRN2 and MKRN3, which are closely related to cancers, and have been involved in many studies. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the roles of MKRN family in KIRC. METHODS The expression of MKRNs was analyzed using the UALCAN database, prognostic analysis was performed with the GEPIA2 and Kaplan-Meier Plotter database, and correlation analysis was assessed by GEPIA2. The CCK-8 and colony formation assay were performed to detect cell proliferation, wound healing assays were performed to detect cell migration, cell cycles were detected by flow cytometry analysis, GST pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation assays were performed to detect the interaction of proteins, and the expression of MKRNs, p53 and other proteins were detect by immunoblotting analysis or quantitative PCR (qPCR). RESULTS MKRN1 and MKRN2 were lowly expressed in KIRC samples compared to the corresponding normal tissues, and KIRC patients with high levels of MKRN1 and MKRN2 showed higher overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) rates. The overexpression of MKRN1 and MKRN2 inhibited the proliferation of human KIRC cells by arresting the cell cycles, but shows little effect on cells migration. The expression of MKRN1 and MKRN2 are correlated, and MKRN1 directly interacts with MKRN2. Moreover, both MKRN1 and MKRN2 were closely correlated with the expression of TP53 in KIRC tumor, and promoted the expression of p53 both at protein and mRNA levels. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that MKRN1 and MKRN2 serve as tumor suppressors in KIRC, and act as promising therapeutic targets for KIRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yang
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.,School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yanyan Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Shuting Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yonghui Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanyin Li
- Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengcheng Wang
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.,School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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13
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Hsu CC, Peng D, Cai Z, Lin HK. AMPK signaling and its targeting in cancer progression and treatment. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 85:52-68. [PMID: 33862221 PMCID: PMC9768867 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The intrinsic mechanisms sensing the imbalance of energy in cells are pivotal for cell survival under various environmental insults. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) serves as a central guardian maintaining energy homeostasis by orchestrating diverse cellular processes, such as lipogenesis, glycolysis, TCA cycle, cell cycle progression and mitochondrial dynamics. Given that AMPK plays an essential role in the maintenance of energy balance and metabolism, managing AMPK activation is considered as a promising strategy for the treatment of metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. Since AMPK has been attributed to aberrant activation of metabolic pathways, mitochondrial dynamics and functions, and epigenetic regulation, which are hallmarks of cancer, targeting AMPK may open up a new avenue for cancer therapies. Although AMPK is previously thought to be involved in tumor suppression, several recent studies have unraveled its tumor promoting activity. The double-edged sword characteristics for AMPK as a tumor suppressor or an oncogene are determined by distinct cellular contexts. In this review, we will summarize recent progress in dissecting the upstream regulators and downstream effectors for AMPK, discuss the distinct roles of AMPK in cancer regulation and finally offer potential strategies with AMPK targeting in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Chia Hsu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Danni Peng
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Zhen Cai
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA.
| | - Hui-Kuan Lin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA.
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14
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Bouchereau W, Jouneau L, Archilla C, Aksoy I, Moulin A, Daniel N, Peynot N, Calderari S, Joly T, Godet M, Jaszczyszyn Y, Pratlong M, Severac D, Savatier P, Duranthon V, Afanassieff M, Beaujean N. Major transcriptomic, epigenetic and metabolic changes underlie the pluripotency continuum in rabbit preimplantation embryos. Development 2022; 149:276385. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.200538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Despite the growing interest in the rabbit model for developmental and stem cell biology, the characterization of embryos at the molecular level is still poorly documented. We conducted a transcriptome analysis of rabbit preimplantation embryos from E2.7 (morula stage) to E6.6 (early primitive streak stage) using bulk and single-cell RNA-sequencing. In parallel, we studied oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis, and analysed active and repressive epigenetic modifications during blastocyst formation and expansion. We generated a transcriptomic, epigenetic and metabolic map of the pluripotency continuum in rabbit preimplantation embryos, and identified novel markers of naive pluripotency that might be instrumental for deriving naive pluripotent stem cell lines. Although the rabbit is evolutionarily closer to mice than to primates, we found that the transcriptome of rabbit epiblast cells shares common features with those of humans and non-human primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilhelm Bouchereau
- Université Lyon 1, INSERM, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, INRAE USC 1361 1 , F-69500 Bron , France
| | - Luc Jouneau
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED 2 , 78350 Jouy-en-Josas , France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED 3 , 94700 Maisons-Alfort , France
| | - Catherine Archilla
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED 2 , 78350 Jouy-en-Josas , France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED 3 , 94700 Maisons-Alfort , France
| | - Irène Aksoy
- Université Lyon 1, INSERM, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, INRAE USC 1361 1 , F-69500 Bron , France
| | - Anais Moulin
- Université Lyon 1, INSERM, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, INRAE USC 1361 1 , F-69500 Bron , France
| | - Nathalie Daniel
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED 2 , 78350 Jouy-en-Josas , France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED 3 , 94700 Maisons-Alfort , France
| | - Nathalie Peynot
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED 2 , 78350 Jouy-en-Josas , France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED 3 , 94700 Maisons-Alfort , France
| | - Sophie Calderari
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED 2 , 78350 Jouy-en-Josas , France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED 3 , 94700 Maisons-Alfort , France
| | - Thierry Joly
- ISARA-Lyon 4 , F-69007 Lyon , France
- VetAgroSup, UPSP ICE 5 , F-69280 Marcy l'Etoile , France
| | - Murielle Godet
- Université Lyon 1, INSERM, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, INRAE USC 1361 1 , F-69500 Bron , France
| | - Yan Jaszczyszyn
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC) 6 , 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette , France
| | - Marine Pratlong
- MGX, Université Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM 7 , 34094 Montpellier , France
| | - Dany Severac
- MGX, Université Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM 7 , 34094 Montpellier , France
| | - Pierre Savatier
- Université Lyon 1, INSERM, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, INRAE USC 1361 1 , F-69500 Bron , France
| | - Véronique Duranthon
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED 2 , 78350 Jouy-en-Josas , France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED 3 , 94700 Maisons-Alfort , France
| | - Marielle Afanassieff
- Université Lyon 1, INSERM, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, INRAE USC 1361 1 , F-69500 Bron , France
| | - Nathalie Beaujean
- Université Lyon 1, INSERM, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, INRAE USC 1361 1 , F-69500 Bron , France
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15
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Chen YC, Chang HN, Pang JHS, Lin LP, Chen JM, Yu TY, Tsai WC. Lidocaine Inhibited Tendon Cell Proliferation and Extracellular Matrix Production by Down Regulation of Cyclin A, CDK2, Type I and Type III Collagen Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158787. [PMID: 35955918 PMCID: PMC9368801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lidocaine injection is a common treatment for tendon injuries. However, the evidence suggests that lidocaine is toxic to tendon cells. This study investigated the effects of lidocaine on cultured tendon cells, focusing on the molecular mechanisms underlying cell proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) production. Tendon cells cultured from rat Achilles tendons were treated with 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 mg/mL lidocaine for 24 h. Cell proliferation was evaluated by Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK-8) assay and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) assay. Cell apoptosis was assessed by Annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) stain. Cell cycle progression and cell mitosis were assessed through flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining, respectively. The expression of cyclin E, cyclin A, cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), p21, p27, p53, matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9), type I collagen, and type III collagen were examined through Western blotting, and the enzymatic activity of MMP-9 was determined through gelatin zymography. Lidocaine reduced cell proliferation and reduced G1/S transition and cell mitosis. Lidocaine did not have a significant negative effect on cell apoptosis. Lidocaine significantly inhibited cyclin A and CDK2 expression but promoted p21, p27, and p53 expression. Furthermore, the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 increased, whereas that of type I and type III collagen decreased. Lidocaine also increased the enzymatic activity of MMP-9. Our findings support the premise that lidocaine inhibits tendon cell proliferation by changing the expression of cell-cycle-related proteins and reduces ECM production by altering levels of MMPs and collagens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chia Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Ning Chang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Hwei Su Pang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ping Lin
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Min Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Yang Yu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chung Tsai
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- Center of Comprehensive Sports Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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16
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Zhao S, Wu Y, Wei Y, Xu X, Zheng J. Identification of Biomarkers Associated With CD8+ T Cells in Coronary Artery Disease and Their Pan-Cancer Analysis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:876616. [PMID: 35799780 PMCID: PMC9254733 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.876616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeTo identify biomarkers associated with CD8+ T cells in coronary artery disease (CAD) and initially explore their potential role in the tumor immune microenvironment.Materials and MethodsCAD-related datasets GSE12288, GSE34198, and GSE66360, were downloaded from the GEO database. First, GSVA was performed based on the GSE12288 dataset. Then WGCNA analysis was performed to identify the most relevant module and candidate hub gene for CD8+ T cells, followed by GO and KEGG analysis of this module. Secondly, the relationship between candidate hub genes and CD8+ T cells was verified using GSE34198 and GSE66360, which led to the identification of hub genes. The relationship of hub genes with CD8+ T cells in cancer was analyzed using the TIMER database. Methylation analysis of hub genes was performed using the DiseaseMeth database. CAD, pan-cancer, pan-cell lines, and pan-normal tissues, correlations between hub genes. In addition, potential drugs and TFs associated with hub genes were predicted, and the ceRNA network was constructed. Finally, GSEA was performed separately for hub genes.ResultsCAD was shown to be associated with immune response by GSVA analysis. WGCNA identified the blue module as most related to CD8+ T cells and identified nine candidate hub genes. The relevance of CAD to immunity was further confirmed by GO and KEGG analysis of the module. Two additional datasets validated and identified three hub genes (FBXO7, RAD23A, and MKRN1) that significantly correlated with CD8+ T cells. In addition, we found that hub genes were positively associated with CD8+ T cells in TGCT, THCA, and KICH cancers by our analysis. Moreover, the hub gene was differentially methylated. We also analyzed the correlation between hub genes in CAD, different cancers, different cell lines, and different normal tissues. The results of all the analyses showed a positive correlation between them. Finally, we successfully constructed hub gene-associated TF-gene and ceRNA networks and predicted 11 drugs associated with hub genes. GSEA suggests that hub genes are related to multiple immune response processes.ConclusionFBXO7, RAD23A, and MKRN1 are significantly associated with CD8+ T cells in CAD and multiple cancers and may act through immune responses in CAD and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijian Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Fuwai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital), Kunming, China
| | - Yinteng Wu
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yantao Wei
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Fuwai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital), Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Fuwai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital), Kunming, China
| | - Jialin Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Fuwai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital), Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Jialin Zheng,
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17
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Qi T, Jing R, Ma B, Hu C, Wen C, Shao Y, Pei C. The E3 Ligase RNF157 Inhibits Lens Epithelial Cell Apoptosis by Negatively Regulating p53 in Age-Related Cataracts. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:11. [PMID: 35435923 PMCID: PMC9034709 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.4.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Age-related cataract (ARC) is a major cause of vision impairment worldwide. The E3 ubiquitin ligase RING finger protein 157 (RNF157) is involved in regulating cell survival and downregulated in human cataractous lens samples. However, the function of RNF157 in cataracts remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the role of RNF157 in ARC. Methods Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting were used to analyze the expression of RNF157 in clinical lens capsules, rat cataract models, and oxidative stress cell models. Western blot analysis and flow cytometry were used to evaluate cell apoptosis. Co-IP assay, protein stability assay, and ubiquitination assay were used to detect the interaction between RNF157 and its substrate p53. Results The expression of RNF157 was downregulated in human cataract samples, UVB-induced rat cataract model, and H2O2-treated human lens epithelial cells (LECs). Ectopic expression of RNF157 protected LECs from H2O2-induced apoptosis. In contrast, knockdown of RNF157 enhanced oxidative stress-induced apoptotic cell death. Moreover, silence of RNF157 in the rat ex vivo lens model exacerbated lens opacity. Mechanistically, RNF157 causes ubiquitination and degradation of the tumor antigen p53. Overexpression of p53 eliminated the antiapoptotic effects of RNF157, whereas p53 knockdown rescued RNF157 silencing-induced cell death. Conclusions Our findings revealed that reduced RNF157 expression promoted LEC apoptosis by upregulating p53 in cataracts, suggesting that the regulation of RNF157 expression may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for cataracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Qi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruihua Jing
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Conghui Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chan Wen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongping Shao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Cheng Pei
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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18
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Wang T, Liu W, Wang C, Ma X, Akhtar MF, Li Y, Li L. MRKNs: Gene, Functions, and Role in Disease and Infection. Front Oncol 2022; 12:862206. [PMID: 35463379 PMCID: PMC9024132 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.862206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The makorin RING finger protein (MKRN) gene family encodes proteins (makorins) with a characteristic array of zinc-finger motifs present in a wide array from invertebrates to vertebrates. MKRNs (MKRN1, MKRN2, MKRN3, MKRN4) as RING finger E3 ligases that mediate substrate degradation are related with conserved RING finger domains that control multiple cellular components via the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), including p53, p21, FADD, PTEN, p65, Nptx1, GLK, and some viral or bacterial proteins. MKRNs also served as diverse roles in disease, like MKRN1 in transcription regulation, metabolic disorders, and tumors; MKRN2 in testis physiology, neurogenesis, apoptosis, and mutation of MKRN2 regulation signals transduction, inflammatory responses, melanoma, and neuroblastoma; MKRN3 in central precocious puberty (CPP) therapy; and MKRN4 firstly reported as a novel E3 ligase instead of a pseudogene to contribute to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Here, we systematically review advances in the gene’s expression, function, and role of MKRNs orthologs in disease and pathogens infection. Further, MKRNs can be considered targets for the host’s innate intracellular antiviral defenses and disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Wang
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Wenqiang Liu
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Changfa Wang
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Xuelian Ma
- Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | | | - Yubao Li
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
- *Correspondence: Yubao Li, ; Liangliang Li,
| | - Liangliang Li
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
- *Correspondence: Yubao Li, ; Liangliang Li,
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19
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Lacoursiere RE, Hadi D, Shaw GS. Acetylation, Phosphorylation, Ubiquitination (Oh My!): Following Post-Translational Modifications on the Ubiquitin Road. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030467. [PMID: 35327659 PMCID: PMC8946176 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is controlled by a series of E1, E2, and E3 enzymes that can ligate ubiquitin to cellular proteins and dictate the turnover of a substrate and the outcome of signalling events such as DNA damage repair and cell cycle. This process is complex due to the combinatorial power of ~35 E2 and ~1000 E3 enzymes involved and the multiple lysine residues on ubiquitin that can be used to assemble polyubiquitin chains. Recently, mass spectrometric methods have identified that most enzymes in the ubiquitination cascade can be further modified through acetylation or phosphorylation under particular cellular conditions and altered modifications have been noted in different cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. This review provides a cohesive summary of ubiquitination, acetylation, and phosphorylation sites in ubiquitin, the human E1 enzyme UBA1, all E2 enzymes, and some representative E3 enzymes. The potential impacts these post-translational modifications might have on each protein function are highlighted, as well as the observations from human disease.
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20
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Cheng C, Zhang W, Zhang C, Ji P, Wu X, Sha Z, Chen X, Wang Y, Chen Y, Cheng H, Shi L. Hyperoside Ameliorates DSS-Induced Colitis through MKRN1-Mediated Regulation of PPARγ Signaling and Th17/Treg Balance. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:15240-15251. [PMID: 34878764 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hyperoside (HYP), a naturally occurring flavonoid compound, exerts multiple biological functions including myocardial protection, antiredox, and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the role of HYP on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the underlying mechanism need to be further established. Here, we show that HYP treatment profoundly alleviated dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in mice, characterized by reduced pathological scores, preserved tissue integrity, suppressed colonic inflammation, and balanced Th17/Treg response. Mechanistically, HYP was shown to restrain the expression of the E3 ubiquitin ligase, makorin ring finger protein 1 (MKRN1), which in turn promoted the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), an essential regulator of Th17 and Treg differentiation. Consequently, HYP treatment enhanced PPARγ signaling and hence promoted Treg differentiation while suppressing Th17 cell development during colitis. Thus, our data indicate that HYP acts through the MKRN1/PPARγ axis to modulate the Th17/Treg axis and thereby confers protection against experimental colitis. The findings extend our understanding about HYP action and may provide a potential therapeutic target for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunoregulation, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunoregulation, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunoregulation, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Peng Ji
- Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunoregulation, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Xiaohui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunoregulation, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Zhou Sha
- Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunoregulation, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunoregulation, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Yongkang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunoregulation, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Yugen Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Haibo Cheng
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Jiangsu Province of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Liyun Shi
- Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunoregulation, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310022, China
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21
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MKRN1 Ubiquitylates p21 to Protect against Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Myocardial Apoptosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9360339. [PMID: 34504644 PMCID: PMC8423574 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9360339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although chronic intermittent hypoxia- (IH-) induced myocardial apoptosis is an established pathophysiological process resulting in a poor prognosis for patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, its underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study is aimed at exploring the role of makorin ring finger protein 1 (MKRN1) in IH-induced myocardial apoptosis and elucidating its molecular activity. First, the GSE2271 dataset was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database to identify the differentially expressed genes. Then, an SD rat model of IH, together with rat cardiomyocyte H9C2 and human cardiomyocyte AC16 IH models, was constructed. TUNEL, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry assays were used to detect cell apoptosis. Dihydroethidium staining was conducted to analyze the concentration of reactive oxygen species. In addition, RT-qPCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry were performed to measure the expression levels of MKRN1 and p21. The direct interaction between MKRN1 and p21 was determined using coimmunoprecipitation and ubiquitination analysis. MKRN1 expression was found to be downregulated in IH rat myocardial tissues as well as in H9C2 and AC16 cells. Upregulated expression of MKRN1 in H9C2 and AC16 cells alleviated the IH-induced reactive oxygen species production and cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, MKRN1 promoted p21 protein ubiquitination and the proteasome pathway degradation to negatively regulate p21 expression. Thus, MKRN1 regulates p21 ubiquitination to prevent IH-induced myocardial apoptosis.
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22
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Ahmadi SE, Rahimi S, Zarandi B, Chegeni R, Safa M. MYC: a multipurpose oncogene with prognostic and therapeutic implications in blood malignancies. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:121. [PMID: 34372899 PMCID: PMC8351444 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01111-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MYC oncogene is a transcription factor with a wide array of functions affecting cellular activities such as cell cycle, apoptosis, DNA damage response, and hematopoiesis. Due to the multi-functionality of MYC, its expression is regulated at multiple levels. Deregulation of this oncogene can give rise to a variety of cancers. In this review, MYC regulation and the mechanisms by which MYC adjusts cellular functions and its implication in hematologic malignancies are summarized. Further, we also discuss potential inhibitors of MYC that could be beneficial for treating hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Esmaeil Ahmadi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Rahimi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Zarandi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rouzbeh Chegeni
- Medical Laboratory Sciences Program, College of Health and Human Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA.
| | - Majid Safa
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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23
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The Involvement of Ubiquitination Machinery in Cell Cycle Regulation and Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115754. [PMID: 34072267 PMCID: PMC8198665 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell cycle is a collection of events by which cellular components such as genetic materials and cytoplasmic components are accurately divided into two daughter cells. The cell cycle transition is primarily driven by the activation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which activities are regulated by the ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of key regulators such as cyclins, CDK inhibitors (CKIs), other kinases and phosphatases. Thus, the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of the cell cycle progression via recognition, interaction, and ubiquitination or deubiquitination of key proteins. The illegitimate degradation of tumor suppressor or abnormally high accumulation of oncoproteins often results in deregulation of cell proliferation, genomic instability, and cancer occurrence. In this review, we demonstrate the diversity and complexity of the regulation of UPS machinery of the cell cycle. A profound understanding of the ubiquitination machinery will provide new insights into the regulation of the cell cycle transition, cancer treatment, and the development of anti-cancer drugs.
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24
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Wang F, Wu Z, Li Q, Ni Z, Wang C, Lu J. Ubiquitination of p21 by E3 Ligase TRIM21 Promotes the Proliferation of Human Neuroblastoma Cells. Neuromolecular Med 2021; 23:549-560. [PMID: 33900537 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-021-08661-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumor in childhood, which shows great clinical and biomolecule heterogeneity. Currently, surgery is still the main method of neuroblastoma treatment and specific therapeutic drugs are lacking, so useful targets are urgently needed. TRIM21 is a RING-type E3 ligase that its overexpression promotes the progression of human glioma, while whose effects on neuroblastoma have not been illustrated. Firstly, the shRNAs targeting TRIM21 were designed and found that the ablation of TRIM21 inhibits the proliferation of human neuroblastoma cells. Then the molecular mechanism study indicated that TRIM21 interacts with, and mediates p21 degradation by ubiquitination modification. Further study demonstrates that TRIM21 regulates the proliferation of neuroblastoma cells in a p21-dependent manner. These results suggest that TRIM21 might be a potential therapeutic target for neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, OuHai, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zerui Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, OuHai, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, OuHai, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhihui Ni
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, OuHai, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chengde Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, OuHai, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianglong Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, OuHai, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
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25
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Rossio V, Paulo JA, Chick J, Brasher B, Gygi SP, King RW. Proteomics of broad deubiquitylase inhibition unmasks redundant enzyme function to reveal substrates and assess enzyme specificity. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:487-502.e5. [PMID: 33417828 PMCID: PMC8052291 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs) counteract ubiquitylation to control stability or activity of substrates. Identification of DUB substrates is challenging because multiple DUBs can act on the same substrate, thwarting genetic approaches. Here, we circumvent redundancy by chemically inhibiting multiple DUBs simultaneously in Xenopus egg extract. We used quantitative mass spectrometry to identify proteins whose ubiquitylation or stability is altered by broad DUB inhibition, and confirmed their DUB-dependent regulation with human orthologs, demonstrating evolutionary conservation. We next extended this method to profile DUB specificity. By adding recombinant DUBs to extract where DUB activity was broadly inhibited, but ubiquitylation and degradation were active at physiological rates, we profiled the ability of DUBs to rescue degradation of these substrates. We found that USP7 has a unique ability to broadly antagonize degradation. Together, we present an approach to identify DUB substrates and characterize DUB specificity that overcomes challenges posed by DUB redundancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Rossio
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joel Chick
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bradley Brasher
- Boston Biochem, a Bio-Techne Brand, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Randall W King
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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26
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Fang YC, Fu SJ, Hsu PH, Chang PT, Huang JJ, Chiu YC, Liao YF, Jow GM, Tang CY, Jeng CJ. Identification of MKRN1 as a second E3 ligase for Eag1 potassium channels reveals regulation via differential degradation. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100484. [PMID: 33647316 PMCID: PMC8039722 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the human gene encoding the neuron-specific Eag1 voltage-gated K+ channel are associated with neurodevelopmental diseases, indicating an important role of Eag1 during brain development. A disease-causing Eag1 mutation is linked to decreased protein stability that involves enhanced protein degradation by the E3 ubiquitin ligase cullin 7 (CUL7). The general mechanisms governing protein homeostasis of plasma membrane- and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized Eag1 K+ channels, however, remain unclear. By using yeast two-hybrid screening, we identified another E3 ubiquitin ligase, makorin ring finger protein 1 (MKRN1), as a novel binding partner primarily interacting with the carboxyl-terminal region of Eag1. MKRN1 mainly interacts with ER-localized immature core-glycosylated, as well as nascent nonglycosylated, Eag1 proteins. MKRN1 promotes polyubiquitination and ER-associated proteasomal degradation of immature Eag1 proteins. Although both CUL7 and MKRN1 contribute to ER quality control of immature core-glycosylated Eag1 proteins, MKRN1, but not CUL7, associates with and promotes degradation of nascent, nonglycosylated Eag1 proteins at the ER. In direct contrast to the role of CUL7 in regulating both ER and peripheral quality controls of Eag1, MKRN1 is exclusively responsible for the early stage of Eag1 maturation at the ER. We further demonstrated that both CUL7 and MKRN1 contribute to protein quality control of additional disease-causing Eag1 mutants associated with defective protein homeostasis. Our data suggest that the presence of this dual ubiquitination system differentially maintains Eag1 protein homeostasis and may ensure efficient removal of disease-associated misfolded Eag1 mutant channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ching Fang
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ssu-Ju Fu
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hao Hsu
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Tzu Chang
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Jia Huang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chih Chiu
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fan Liao
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Guey-Mei Jow
- School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yung Tang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Jiuan Jeng
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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27
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Pan M, Blattner C. Regulation of p53 by E3s. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:745. [PMID: 33670160 PMCID: PMC7916862 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 40 years of research on p53 have given us tremendous knowledge about this protein. Today we know that p53 plays a role in different biological processes such as proliferation, invasion, pluripotency, metabolism, cell cycle control, ROS (reactive oxygen species) production, apoptosis, inflammation and autophagy. In the nucleus, p53 functions as a bona-fide transcription factor which activates and represses transcription of a number of target genes. In the cytoplasm, p53 can interact with proteins of the apoptotic machinery and by this also induces cell death. Despite being so important for the fate of the cell, expression levels of p53 are kept low in unstressed cells and the protein is largely inactive. The reason for the low expression level is that p53 is efficiently degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome system and the vast inactivity of the tumor suppressor protein under normal growth conditions is due to the absence of activating and the presence of inactivating posttranslational modifications. E3s are important enzymes for these processes as they decorate p53 with ubiquitin and small ubiquitin-like proteins and by this control p53 degradation, stability and its subcellular localization. In this review, we provide an overview about E3s that target p53 and discuss the connection between p53, E3s and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christine Blattner
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems—Biological Information Processing, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, PO-box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany;
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28
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Kuang Y, Kang J, Li H, Liu B, Zhao X, Li L, Jin X, Li Q. Multiple functions of p21 in cancer radiotherapy. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 147:987-1006. [PMID: 33547489 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03529-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Greater than half of cancer patients experience radiation therapy, for both radical and palliative objectives. It is well known that researches on radiation response mechanisms are conducive to improve the efficacy of cancer radiotherapy. p21 was initially identified as a widespread inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases, transcriptionally modulated by p53 and a marker of cellular senescence. It was once considered that p21 acts as a tumour suppressor mainly to restrain cell cycle progression, thereby resulting in growth suppression. With the deepening researches on p21, p21 has been found to regulate radiation responses via participating in multiple cellular processes, including cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, DNA repair, senescence and autophagy. Hence, a comprehensive summary of the p21's functions in radiation response will provide a new perspective for radiotherapy against cancer. METHODS We summarize the recent pertinent literature from various electronic databases, including PubMed and analyzed several datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus database. This review discusses how p21 influences the effect of cancer radiotherapy via involving in multiple signaling pathways and expounds the feasibility, barrier and risks of using p21 as a biomarker as well as a therapeutic target of radiotherapy. CONCLUSION p21's complicated and important functions in cancer radiotherapy make it a promising therapeutic target. Besides, more thorough insights of p21 are needed to make it a safe therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbei Kuang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jian Kang
- College of Energy and Power Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Hongbin Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Bingtao Liu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xueshan Zhao
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Linying Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaodong Jin
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Qiang Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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29
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Role of CCCH-Type Zinc Finger Proteins in Human Adenovirus Infections. Viruses 2020; 12:v12111322. [PMID: 33217981 PMCID: PMC7698620 DOI: 10.3390/v12111322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The zinc finger proteins make up a significant part of the proteome and perform a huge variety of functions in the cell. The CCCH-type zinc finger proteins have gained attention due to their unusual ability to interact with RNA and thereby control different steps of RNA metabolism. Since virus infections interfere with RNA metabolism, dynamic changes in the CCCH-type zinc finger proteins and virus replication are expected to happen. In the present review, we will discuss how three CCCH-type zinc finger proteins, ZC3H11A, MKRN1, and U2AF1, interfere with human adenovirus replication. We will summarize the functions of these three cellular proteins and focus on their potential pro- or anti-viral activities during a lytic human adenovirus infection.
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30
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Taverna C, Pollastri F, Pecci R, Giannoni B, Fattorini C, Santucci M, Mueller SK, Stoehr R, Franchi A, Agaimy A. Papillary-cystic neoplasms of the middle ear are distinct from endolymphatic sac tumours. Histopathology 2020; 79:306-314. [PMID: 32940914 DOI: 10.1111/his.14250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Papillary neoplasms of the middle and inner ear are rare and poorly characterised. The current World Health Organization classification divides them into two major subtypes: aggressive papillary tumours (APTs) and endolymphatic sac tumours (ELSTs). The aim of this article is to present two papillary neoplasms of the middle ear that do not fit into either the classic APT category or the classic ELST category, and compare them with three ELSTs. METHODS AND RESULTS The patients were a 48-year-old female and a 59-year-old male without a history of other neoplasms. Histology showed papillary-cystic growth of predominantly oncocytic (Case 1) or mucinous (Case 2) cells surrounded by a p63-positive basal layer. The overall histology was reminiscent of oncocytic sinonasal papilloma (Case 1) and pancreatobiliary or salivary intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (Case 2). Ovarian-type stroma, invasion and malignant features were absent. Immunohistochemistry revealed expression of cytokeratin (CK) 7, but not carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) or paired box gene 8 (PAX8) (except for very focal PAX8 expression in Case 1). The TST15 gene panel and HRAS sequencing revealed no pathogenic mutations in BRAF, KRAS, EGFR, AKT1, or HRAS. The TruSight RNA fusion panel revealed an MKRN1-BRAF fusion in Case 1. No fusion was detected in Case 2. The three ELSTs showed classic features of the entity, expressed CK7, epithelial membrane antigen, PAX8, and CAIX, and lacked a basal cell layer. CONCLUSION These novel cases suggest that papillary tumours of the ear represent a heterogeneous spectrum of distinct neoplasms unified by a prominent papillary-cystic pattern rather than a single entity. Future studies should clarify whether the MKRN1-BRAF fusion is a defining recurrent driver event, especially in those cases reported as sinonasal-type middle ear papillomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Taverna
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Division of Pathological Anatomy, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Federica Pollastri
- Audiology Unit, Head and Neck Oncological and Robotic Surgery, Department of Oncological and Robotic Surgery, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Rudi Pecci
- Audiology Unit, Head and Neck Oncological and Robotic Surgery, Department of Oncological and Robotic Surgery, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Beatrice Giannoni
- Audiology Unit, Head and Neck Oncological and Robotic Surgery, Department of Oncological and Robotic Surgery, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Caterina Fattorini
- Division of Pathological Anatomy, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Santucci
- Division of Pathological Anatomy, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sarina K Mueller
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Robert Stoehr
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alessandro Franchi
- Department of Translational Research, University of Pisa, School of Medicine, Pisa, Italy
| | - Abbas Agaimy
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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31
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Efficiency of the four proteasome subtypes to degrade ubiquitinated or oxidized proteins. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15765. [PMID: 32978409 PMCID: PMC7519072 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71550-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The proteasome is responsible for selective degradation of proteins. It exists in mammalian cells under four main subtypes, which differ by the combination of their catalytic subunits: the standard proteasome (β1–β2–β5), the immunoproteasome (β1i–β2i–β5i) and the two intermediate proteasomes (β1–β2–β5i and β1i–β2–β5i). The efficiency of the four proteasome subtypes to degrade ubiquitinated or oxidized proteins remains unclear. Using cells expressing exclusively one proteasome subtype, we observed that ubiquitinated p21 and c-myc were degraded at similar rates, indicating that the four 26S proteasomes degrade ubiquitinated proteins equally well. Under oxidative stress, we observed a partial dissociation of 26S into 20S proteasomes, which can degrade non-ubiquitinated oxidized proteins. Oxidized calmodulin and hemoglobin were best degraded in vitro by the three β5i-containing 20S proteasomes, while their native forms were not degraded. Circular dichroism analyses indicated that ubiquitin-independent recognition of oxidized proteins by 20S proteasomes was triggered by the disruption of their structure. Accordingly, β5i-containing 20S proteasomes degraded unoxidized naturally disordered protein tau, while 26S proteasomes did not. Our results suggest that the three β5i-containing 20S proteasomes, namely the immunoproteasome and the two intermediate proteasomes, might help cells to eliminate proteins containing disordered domains, including those induced by oxidative stress.
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32
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Pérez‐Portela R, Riesgo A, Wangensteen OS, Palacín C, Turon X. Enjoying the warming Mediterranean: Transcriptomic responses to temperature changes of a thermophilous keystone species in benthic communities. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:3299-3315. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.15564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Pérez‐Portela
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences University of Barcelona, and Research Institute of Biodiversity (IRBIO) Barcelona Spain
- Center for Advanced Studies of Blanes (CEAB, CSIC) Girona Spain
| | - Ana Riesgo
- Department of Life Sciences The Natural History Museum London UK
| | - Owen S. Wangensteen
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science UiT The Arctic University of Norway Tromsø Norway
| | - Cruz Palacín
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences University of Barcelona, and Research Institute of Biodiversity (IRBIO) Barcelona Spain
| | - Xavier Turon
- Center for Advanced Studies of Blanes (CEAB, CSIC) Girona Spain
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33
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Liu Z, Zhao T, Li Z, Sun K, Fu Y, Cheng T, Guo J, Yu B, Shi X, Liu H. Discovery of [1,2,3]triazolo[4,5- d]pyrimidine derivatives as highly potent, selective, and cellularly active USP28 inhibitors. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:1476-1491. [PMID: 32963944 PMCID: PMC7488365 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin specific peptidase 28 (USP28) is closely associated to the occurrence and development of various malignancies, and thus has been validated as a promising therapeutic target for cancer therapy. To date, only few USP28 inhibitors with moderate inhibitory activity have been reported, highly potent and selective USP28 inhibitors with new chemotypes remain to be discovered for pathologically investigating the roles of deubiquitinase. In this current study, we reported the synthesis and biological evaluation of new [1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine derivatives as potent USP28 inhibitors. Especially, compound 19 potently inhibited USP28 (IC50 = 1.10 ± 0.02 μmol/L, Kd = 40 nmol/L), showing selectivity over USP7 and LSD1 (IC50 > 100 μmol/L). Compound 19 was cellularly engaged to USP28 in gastric cancer cells. Compound 19 reversibly bound to USP28 and directly affected its protein levels, thus inhibiting the proliferation, cell cycle at S phase, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) progression in gastric cancer cell lines. Docking studies were performed to rationalize the potency of compound 19. Collectively, compound 19 could serve as a new tool compound for the development of new USP28 inhibitors for exploring the roles of deubiquitinase in cancers.
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Key Words
- BLI, biolayer interferometry technology
- CHX, cycloheximide
- DUBs, deubiquitinating enzymes
- Deubiquitination
- EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition
- EdU, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- Gastric cancer
- IC50, half maximal inhibitory concentration
- Kd, dissociation constant
- LSD1, lysine specific demethylase 1
- MG132, proteasome inhibitor
- MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2-5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer
- Tris, 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol
- USP28 inhibitors
- USP28, ubiquitin specific peptidase 28
- USP7, ubiquitin specific peptidase 7
- Ub, ubiquitin
- Ub-AMC, ubiquitin-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin
- [1,2,3]Triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine derivatives
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bin Yu
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 371 67781908.
| | - Xiaojing Shi
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 371 67781908.
| | - Hongmin Liu
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 371 67781908.
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34
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Ubiquilin Networking in Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061586. [PMID: 32549375 PMCID: PMC7352256 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquilins or UBQLNs, members of the ubiquitin-like and ubiquitin-associated domain (UBL-UBA) protein family, serve as adaptors to coordinate the degradation of specific substrates via both proteasome and autophagy pathways. The UBQLN substrates reveal great diversity and impact a wide range of cellular functions. For decades, researchers have been attempting to uncover a puzzle and understand the role of UBQLNs in human cancers, particularly in the modulation of oncogene's stability and nucleotide excision repair. In this review, we summarize the UBQLNs' genetic variants that are associated with the most common cancers and also discuss their reliability as a prognostic marker. Moreover, we provide an overview of the UBQLNs networks that are relevant to cancers in different ways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, DNA repairs and miRNAs. Finally, we include a future prospective on novel ubiquilin-based cancer therapies.
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35
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Broggi A, Ghosh S, Sposito B, Spreafico R, Balzarini F, Lo Cascio A, Clementi N, De Santis M, Mancini N, Granucci F, Zanoni I. Type III interferons disrupt the lung epithelial barrier upon viral recognition. Science 2020; 369:706-712. [PMID: 32527925 PMCID: PMC7292499 DOI: 10.1126/science.abc3545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are central to antiviral immunity. Viral recognition elicits IFN production, which in turn triggers the transcription of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), which engage in various antiviral functions. Type I IFNs (IFN-α and IFN-β) are widely expressed and can result in immunopathology during viral infections. By contrast, type III IFN (IFN-λ) responses are primarily restricted to mucosal surfaces and are thought to confer antiviral protection without driving damaging proinflammatory responses. Accordingly, IFN-λ has been proposed as a therapeutic in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and other such viral respiratory diseases (see the Perspective by Grajales-Reyes and Colonna). Broggi et al. report that COVID-19 patient morbidity correlates with the high expression of type I and III IFNs in the lung. Furthermore, IFN-λ secreted by dendritic cells in the lungs of mice exposed to synthetic viral RNA causes damage to the lung epithelium, which increases susceptibility to lethal bacterial superinfections. Similarly, using a mouse model of influenza infection, Major et al. found that IFN signaling (especially IFN-λ) hampers lung repair by inducing p53 and inhibiting epithelial proliferation and differentiation. Complicating this picture, Hadjadj et al. observed that peripheral blood immune cells from severe and critical COVID-19 patients have diminished type I IFN and enhanced proinflammatory interleukin-6– and tumor necrosis factor-α–fueled responses. This suggests that in contrast to local production, systemic production of IFNs may be beneficial. The results of this trio of studies suggest that the location, timing, and duration of IFN exposure are critical parameters underlying the success or failure of therapeutics for viral respiratory infections. Science, this issue p. 706, p. 712, p. 718; see also p. 626 Viral infections of the lower respiratory tract are a leading cause of mortality. Mounting evidence indicates that most severe cases are characterized by aberrant immune responses and do not depend on viral burden. In this study, we assessed how type III interferons (IFN-λ) contribute to the pathogenesis induced by RNA viruses. We report that IFN-λ is present in the lower, but not upper, airways of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In mice, we demonstrate that IFN-λ produced by lung dendritic cells in response to a synthetic viral RNA induces barrier damage, causing susceptibility to lethal bacterial superinfections. These findings provide a strong rationale for rethinking the pathophysiological role of IFN-λ and its possible use in clinical practice against endemic viruses, such as influenza virus as well as the emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achille Broggi
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Immunology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sreya Ghosh
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Immunology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benedetta Sposito
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Immunology, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Spreafico
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fabio Balzarini
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Immunology, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonino Lo Cascio
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Immunology, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Clementi
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria De Santis
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Nicasio Mancini
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Granucci
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,National Institute of Molecular Genetics (INGM) "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi," Milan, Italy
| | - Ivan Zanoni
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Immunology, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Gastroenterology, Boston, MA, USA
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36
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Dold A, Han H, Liu N, Hildebrandt A, Brüggemann M, Rücklé C, Hänel H, Busch A, Beli P, Zarnack K, König J, Roignant JY, Lasko P. Makorin 1 controls embryonic patterning by alleviating Bruno1-mediated repression of oskar translation. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008581. [PMID: 31978041 PMCID: PMC7001992 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Makorins are evolutionary conserved proteins that contain C3H-type zinc finger modules and a RING E3 ubiquitin ligase domain. In Drosophila, maternal Makorin 1 (Mkrn1) has been linked to embryonic patterning but the mechanism remained unsolved. Here, we show that Mkrn1 is essential for axis specification and pole plasm assembly by translational activation of oskar (osk). We demonstrate that Mkrn1 interacts with poly(A) binding protein (pAbp) and binds specifically to osk 3’ UTR in a region adjacent to A-rich sequences. Using Drosophila S2R+ cultured cells we show that this binding site overlaps with a Bruno1 (Bru1) responsive element (BREs) that regulates osk translation. We observe increased association of the translational repressor Bru1 with osk mRNA upon depletion of Mkrn1, indicating that both proteins compete for osk binding. Consistently, reducing Bru1 dosage partially rescues viability and Osk protein level in ovaries from Mkrn1 females. We conclude that Mkrn1 controls embryonic patterning and germ cell formation by specifically activating osk translation, most likely by competing with Bru1 to bind to osk 3’ UTR. To ensure accurate development of the Drosophila embryo, proteins and mRNAs are positioned at specific sites within the embryo. Many of these factors are produced and localized during the development of the egg in the mother. One protein essential for this process that has been heavily studied is Oskar (Osk), which is positioned at the posterior pole. During the localization of osk mRNA, its translation is repressed by the RNA-binding protein Bruno1 (Bru1), ensuring that Osk protein is not present outside of the posterior where it is harmful. At the posterior pole, osk mRNA is activated through mechanisms that are not yet understood. In this work, we show that the conserved protein Makorin 1 (Mkrn1) is a novel factor involved in the translational activation of osk. Mkrn1 binds specifically to osk mRNA, overlapping with a binding site of Bru1, thus alleviating the association of Bru1 with osk. Moreover, Mkrn1 is stabilized by poly(A) binding protein (pAbp), a translational activator that binds osk mRNA in close proximity to one Mkrn1 binding site. Our work thus helps to answer a long-standing question in the field, providing insight about the function of Mkrn1 and more generally into embryonic patterning in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Dold
- RNA Epigenetics, Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hong Han
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Niankun Liu
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Andrea Hildebrandt
- Chromatin Biology and Proteomics, Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz, Germany.,Genomic Views of Splicing Regulation, Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mirko Brüggemann
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Cornelia Rücklé
- Genomic Views of Splicing Regulation, Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz, Germany.,Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Heike Hänel
- Genomic Views of Splicing Regulation, Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anke Busch
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Petra Beli
- Chromatin Biology and Proteomics, Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kathi Zarnack
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Julian König
- Genomic Views of Splicing Regulation, Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jean-Yves Roignant
- RNA Epigenetics, Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz, Germany.,Center for Integrative Genomics, Génopode Building, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul Lasko
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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37
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Zhang Y, Cui N, Zheng G. Ubiquitination of P53 by E3 ligase MKRN2 promotes melanoma cell proliferation. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:1975-1984. [PMID: 32194692 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive and lethal type of skin cancer. The aim of the present study was to illustrate the molecular mechanism of makorin ring finger protein 2 (MKRN2) control of melanoma cell proliferation. The expression level of MKRN2 was detected in human malignant melanoma cell lines by immunoblotting and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Short hairpin RNAs for MKRN2 were designed and transfected into melanoma cells, and the proliferation of these cells was detected by MTT and colony formation assays. The interaction of MKRN2 with P53 was detected by co-immunoprecipitation and glutathione S-transferase pulldown assays. The ubiquitination of P53 by MKRN2 was detected by in vitro ubiquitination assays. A P53-knockout cell line was generated using the CRISPR-Cas9 method. MKRN2 exhibited higher expression levels in melanoma cells, and downregulation of MKRN2 inhibited melanoma cell growth in a P53-dependent manner. MKRN2 regulated melanoma cell proliferation by interacting and ubiquitylating P53, which suggests that MKRN2 may be a potential therapeutic target for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated to Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Ningning Cui
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Suining People's Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221200, P.R. China
| | - Gang Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated to Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
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38
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Shen D, Wang Y, Niu H, Liu C. Gambogenic acid exerts anticancer effects in cisplatin‑resistant non‑small cell lung cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:1267-1275. [PMID: 31922223 PMCID: PMC7003042 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.10909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer and the most common cause of mortality in patients with lung cancer. The efficacy of cisplatin‑based chemotherapy in NSCLC is limited by drug resistance, therefore, the development of novel anticancer agents is required to overcome cisplatin resistance. The present study investigated the anticancer activity of gambogenic acid (GNA), derived from gamboge, in the cisplatin‑resistant NSCLC cell line A549/Cis. GNA was revealed to have a potent inhibitory effect on cell growth in A549/Cis cells by blocking the cell cycle and inducing apoptosis. The investigation of the molecular mechanisms identified that GNA arrested the cell cycle at the G1 phase through the downregulation of cyclin Ds, cyclin dependent kinase (CDK)4 and CDK6, and the upregulation of p53 and p21. In addition, GNA induced apoptosis by increasing the activation of caspase 3 and caspase 7, in addition to the cleavage of poly(ADP‑ribose) polymerase. The results of the present study supported the potential application of GNA in cisplatin‑resistant NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daofu Shen
- Department of Pathology, College of Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning 110847, P.R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Life Science Institution, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Hongmei Niu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | - Chunying Liu
- Department of Pathology, College of Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning 110847, P.R. China
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39
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He Y, Wang Z, Hu Y, Yi X, Wu L, Cao Z, Wang J. Sensitive and selective monitoring of the DNA damage-induced intracellular p21 protein and unraveling the role of the p21 protein in DNA repair and cell apoptosis by surface plasmon resonance. Analyst 2020; 145:3697-3704. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an02464f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sensitive and selective monitoring of DNA damage-induced intracellular p21 protein is proposed using surface plasmon resonance. The method serves as a viable means for unraveling the role of p21 protein in DNA repair and cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha
- P. R. China 410083
| | - Zixiao Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha
- P. R. China 410083
| | - Yuqing Hu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha
- P. R. China 410083
| | - Xinyao Yi
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha
- P. R. China 410083
| | - Ling Wu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha
- P. R. China 410083
| | - Zhong Cao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering
- Changsha University of Science and Technology
- Changsha
- P. R. China 410114
| | - Jianxiu Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha
- P. R. China 410083
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40
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Bang S, Kaur S, Kurokawa M. Regulation of the p53 Family Proteins by the Ubiquitin Proteasomal Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:E261. [PMID: 31905981 PMCID: PMC6981958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 and its homologues, p63 and p73, play a pivotal role in the regulation of the DNA damage response, cellular homeostasis, development, aging, and metabolism. A number of mouse studies have shown that a genetic defect in the p53 family could lead to spontaneous tumor development, embryonic lethality, or severe tissue abnormality, indicating that the activity of the p53 family must be tightly regulated to maintain normal cellular functions. While the p53 family members are regulated at the level of gene expression as well as post-translational modification, they are also controlled at the level of protein stability through the ubiquitin proteasomal pathway. Over the last 20 years, many ubiquitin E3 ligases have been discovered that directly promote protein degradation of p53, p63, and p73 in vitro and in vivo. Here, we provide an overview of such E3 ligases and discuss their roles and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Manabu Kurokawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA; (S.B.); (S.K.)
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Cao M, Zhu B, Sun Y, Zhao X, Qiu G, Fu W, Jiang H. TBX3 deficiency accelerates apoptosis in cardiomyoblasts through regulation of P21 expression. Life Sci 2019; 239:117040. [PMID: 31704448 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect in newborns. There is increasing evidence that apoptosis and remodeling of the cardiomyoblasts are the major pathology of CHD. Previous research found that T-box transcription factor 3 (TBX3) was compulsory for the regulation of proliferation, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in various cells. Hence, TBX3 might be involved in the treatment of CHD. The primary aim of this study was to study the effects of TBX3 on apoptosis in aged cardiomyoblasts and investigate the latent mechanism. In the present study, we found TBX3 knockdown induced proliferation inhibition, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiomyoblasts at passage 10 to 15. Apoptosis-inducing effects of TBX3 silence could be neutralized by silencing P21 using specific siRNA. In addition, the mRNA and protein expression levels of TBX3 in the heart tissues of sporadic type CHD donors were obviously down-regulated. In conclusion, we demonstrated that TBX3 deficiency accelerated apoptosis via directly regulating P21 expression in senescent cardiomyoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Cao
- Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Binlu Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqi Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangrong Qiu
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Weineng Fu
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongkun Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China.
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Kotla S, Le NT, Vu HT, Ko KA, Gi YJ, Thomas TN, Giancursio C, Lusis AJ, Cooke JP, Fujiwara K, Abe JI. Endothelial senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) is regulated by Makorin-1 ubiquitin E3 ligase. Metabolism 2019; 100:153962. [PMID: 31476350 PMCID: PMC7059097 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.153962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disturbed flow (d-flow)-induced senescence and activation of endothelial cells (ECs) have been suggested to have critical roles in promoting atherosclerosis. Telomeric repeat-binding factor 2 (TERF2)-interacting protein (TERF2IP), a member of the shelterin complex at the telomere, regulates the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), in which EC activation and senescence are engendered simultaneously by p90RSK-induced phosphorylation of TERF2IP S205 and subsequent nuclear export of the TERF2IP-TERF2 complex. In this study, we investigated TERF2IP-dependent gene expression and its role in regulating d-flow-induced SASP. METHODS A principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering were used to identify genes whose expression is regulated by TERF2IP in ECs under d-flow conditions. Senescence was determined by reduced telomere length, increased p53 and p21 expression, and increased apoptosis; EC activation was detected by NF-κB activation and the expression of adhesion molecules. The involvement of TERF2IP S205 phosphorylation in d-flow-induced SASP was assessed by depletion of TERF2IP and mutation of the phosphorylation site. RESULTS Our unbiased transcriptome analysis showed that TERF2IP caused alteration in the expression of a distinct set of genes, including rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR (RICTOR) and makorin-1 (MKRN1) ubiquitin E3 ligase, under d-flow conditions. In particular, both depletion of TERF2IP and overexpression of the TERF2IP S205A phosphorylation site mutant in ECs increased the d-flow and p90RSK-induced MKRN1 expression and subsequently inhibited apoptosis, telomere shortening, and NF-κB activation in ECs via suppression of p53, p21, and telomerase (TERT) induction. CONCLUSIONS MKRN1 and RICTOR belong to a distinct reciprocal gene set that is both negatively and positively regulated by p90RSK. TERF2IP S205 phosphorylation, a downstream event of p90RSK activation, uniquely inhibits MKRN1 expression and contributes to EC activation and senescence, which are key events for atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivareddy Kotla
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Nhat-Tu Le
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hang Thi Vu
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kyung Ae Ko
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Young Jin Gi
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tamlyn N Thomas
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carolyn Giancursio
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aldos J Lusis
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - John P Cooke
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Keigi Fujiwara
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jun-Ichi Abe
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Hildebrandt A, Brüggemann M, Rücklé C, Boerner S, Heidelberger JB, Busch A, Hänel H, Voigt A, Möckel MM, Ebersberger S, Scholz A, Dold A, Schmid T, Ebersberger I, Roignant JY, Zarnack K, König J, Beli P. The RNA-binding ubiquitin ligase MKRN1 functions in ribosome-associated quality control of poly(A) translation. Genome Biol 2019; 20:216. [PMID: 31640799 PMCID: PMC6805484 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-019-1814-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cells have evolved quality control mechanisms to ensure protein homeostasis by detecting and degrading aberrant mRNAs and proteins. A common source of aberrant mRNAs is premature polyadenylation, which can result in non-functional protein products. Translating ribosomes that encounter poly(A) sequences are terminally stalled, followed by ribosome recycling and decay of the truncated nascent polypeptide via ribosome-associated quality control. RESULTS Here, we demonstrate that the conserved RNA-binding E3 ubiquitin ligase Makorin Ring Finger Protein 1 (MKRN1) promotes ribosome stalling at poly(A) sequences during ribosome-associated quality control. We show that MKRN1 directly binds to the cytoplasmic poly(A)-binding protein (PABPC1) and associates with polysomes. MKRN1 is positioned upstream of poly(A) tails in mRNAs in a PABPC1-dependent manner. Ubiquitin remnant profiling and in vitro ubiquitylation assays uncover PABPC1 and ribosomal protein RPS10 as direct ubiquitylation substrates of MKRN1. CONCLUSIONS We propose that MKRN1 mediates the recognition of poly(A) tails to prevent the production of erroneous proteins from prematurely polyadenylated transcripts, thereby maintaining proteome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Hildebrandt
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mirko Brüggemann
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Cornelia Rücklé
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Susan Boerner
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jan B Heidelberger
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anke Busch
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Heike Hänel
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andrea Voigt
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Martin M Möckel
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Anica Scholz
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Annabelle Dold
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tobias Schmid
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ingo Ebersberger
- Department for Applied Bioinformatics, Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Georg-Voigt-Straße 14-16, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jean-Yves Roignant
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Génopode Building, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kathi Zarnack
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Julian König
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Petra Beli
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
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Liu M, Zhong J, Zeng Z, Huang K, Ye Z, Deng S, Chen H, Xu F, Li Q, Zhao G. Hypoxia-induced feedback of HIF-1α and lncRNA-CF129 contributes to pancreatic cancer progression through stabilization of p53 protein. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:4795-4810. [PMID: 31367258 PMCID: PMC6643431 DOI: 10.7150/thno.30988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Emerging evidences have highlighted the critical roles of lncRNAs in human cancer development. The work sought to assess the biological role and potential underlying mechanisms of lncRNA-CF129 (CF129) which is significantly reduced in pancreatic cancer (PC). Methods: CF129 expression and its association with multiple clinicopathologic characteristics in PC specimens were analyzed. The role of CF129 both in vitro and in vivo was assessed, with RNA pull-down and immunoprecipitation assays being performed to detect the interaction between CF129 and p53 and E3 ligase MKRN1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase assays were utilized to identify the interaction between p53 and FOXC2 promoter, HIF-1α/HDAC1 complex and CF129 promoter, FOXC2 and HIF-1α promoter, respectively. Results: CF129 levels were markedly lower in PC compared with paired non-tumor adjacent tissues. Low CF129 expression predicted short overall survival in PC patients. CF129 inhibited invasion and metastasis of PC cells in a FOXC2-dependent manner. In addition, CF129 regulates FOXC2 transcription through association with mutant p53. CF129 directly binds to p53 and E3 ligase MKRN1, and such an interaction leading to p53 protein ubiquitination and degradation. Furthermore, CF129 is a hypoxia-responsive lncRNA, which is transcriptionally downregulated by binding between HIF-1α/HDAC1 complex and CF129 promoter. Finally, it is revealed that HIF-1α is reciprocally regulated by FOXC2 in transcriptional level. Clinically, CF129 downregulation coordinates overexpression of FOXC2. Conclusions: Our study suggests that CF129 inhibits pancreatic cell proliferation and invasion by suppression of FOXC2 transcription, which depends on MKRN1-mediated ubiquitin-dependent p53 degradation. The HIF-1α/CF129/ p53/FOXC2 axis may function as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target.
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Naulé L, Kaiser UB. Evolutionary Conservation of MKRN3 and Other Makorins and Their Roles in Puberty Initiation and Endocrine Functions. Semin Reprod Med 2019; 37:166-173. [PMID: 31972861 PMCID: PMC8603287 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-3400965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Puberty is a critical period of development regulated by genetic, nutritional, and environmental factors. The role of makorin ring finger protein 3 (MKRN3) in the regulation of pubertal timing was revealed when loss-of-function mutations were identified in patients with central precocious puberty (CPP). To date, MKRN3 mutations are the most common known genetic cause of CPP. MKRN3 is a member of the makorin family of ubiquitin ligases, together with MKRN1 and MKRN2. The Mkrn genes have been identified in both vertebrates and invertebrates and show high evolutionary conservation of their gene and protein structures. While the existence of Mkrn orthologues in a wide spectrum of species suggests a vital cellular role of the makorins, their role in puberty initiation and endocrine functions is just beginning to be investigated. In this review, we discuss recent studies that have shown the involvement of Mkrn3 and other makorins in the regulation of pubertal development and other endocrine functions, including metabolism and fertility, as well as their underlying mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydie Naulé
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ursula B. Kaiser
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Jeong EB, Jeong SS, Cho E, Kim EY. Makorin 1 is required for Drosophila oogenesis by regulating insulin/Tor signaling. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215688. [PMID: 31009498 PMCID: PMC6476528 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Reproduction is a process that is extremely sensitive to changes in nutritional status. The nutritional control of oogenesis via insulin signaling has been reported; however, the mechanism underlying its sensitivity and tissue specificity has not been elucidated. Here, we determined that Drosophila Makorin RING finger protein 1 gene (Mkrn1) functions in the metabolic regulation of oogenesis. Mkrn1 was endogenously expressed at high levels in ovaries and Mkrn1 knockout resulted in female sterility. Mkrn1-null egg chambers were previtellogenic without egg production. FLP-FRT mosaic analysis revealed that Mkrn1 is essential in germline cells, but not follicle cells, for ovarian function. As well, AKT phosphorylation via insulin signaling was greatly reduced in the germline cells, but not the follicle cells, of the mutant clones in the ovaries. Furthermore, protein-rich diet elevated Mkrn1 protein levels, without increased mRNA levels. The p-AKT and p-S6K levels, downstream targets of insulin/Tor signaling, were significantly increased by a nutrient-rich diet in wild-type ovaries whereas those were low in Mkrn1exS compared to wild-type ovaries. Taken together, our results suggest that nutrient availability upregulates the Mkrn1 protein, which acts as a positive regulator of insulin signaling to confer sensitivity and tissue specificity in the ovaries for proper oogenesis based on nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eui Beom Jeong
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Su Jeong
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjoo Cho
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (EYK); (EC)
| | - Eun Young Kim
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (EYK); (EC)
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The Long Non-Coding RNA lep-5 Promotes the Juvenile-to-Adult Transition by Destabilizing LIN-28. Dev Cell 2019; 49:542-555.e9. [PMID: 30956008 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Biological roles for most long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) remain mysterious. Here, using forward genetics, we identify lep-5, a lncRNA acting in the C. elegans heterochronic (developmental timing) pathway. Loss of lep-5 delays hypodermal maturation and male tail tip morphogenesis (TTM), hallmarks of the juvenile-to-adult transition. We find that lep-5 is a ∼600 nt cytoplasmic RNA that is conserved across Caenorhabditis and possesses three essential secondary structure motifs but no essential open reading frames. lep-5 expression is temporally controlled, peaking prior to TTM onset. Like the Makorin LEP-2, lep-5 facilitates the degradation of LIN-28, a conserved miRNA regulator specifying the juvenile state. Both LIN-28 and LEP-2 associate with lep-5 in vivo, suggesting that lep-5 directly regulates LIN-28 stability and may function as an RNA scaffold. These studies identify a key biological role for a lncRNA: by regulating protein stability, it provides a temporal cue to facilitate the juvenile-to-adult transition.
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48
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Tian X, Liu K, Zu X, Ma F, Li Z, Lee M, Chen H, Li Y, Zhao Y, Liu F, Oi N, Bode AM, Dong Z, Kim DJ. 3,3'-Diindolylmethane inhibits patient-derived xenograft colon tumor growth by targeting COX1/2 and ERK1/2. Cancer Lett 2019; 448:20-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Tran HT, Cho E, Jeong S, Jeong EB, Lee HS, Jeong SY, Hwang JS, Kim EY. Makorin 1 Regulates Developmental Timing in Drosophila. Mol Cells 2018; 41:1024-1032. [PMID: 30396233 PMCID: PMC6315317 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.0367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The central mechanisms coordinating growth and sexual maturation are well conserved across invertebrates and vertebrates. Although mutations in the gene encoding makorin RING finger protein 3 (mkrn3 ) are associated with central precocious puberty in humans, a causal relationship has not been elucidated. Here, we examined the role of mkrn1, a Drosophila ortholog of mammalian makorin genes, in the regulation of developmental timing. Loss of MKRN1 in mkrn1 exS prolonged the 3rd instar stage and delayed the onset of pupariation, resulting in bigger size pupae. MKRN1 was expressed in the prothoracic gland, where the steroid hormone ecdysone is produced. Furthermore, mkrn1 exS larvae exhibited reduced mRNA levels of phantom, which encodes ecdysone-synthesizing enzyme and E74, which is a downstream target of ecdysone. Collectively, these results indicate that MKRN1 fine-tunes developmental timing and sexual maturation by affecting ecdysone synthesis in Drosophila. Moreover, our study supports the notion that malfunction of makorin gene family member, mkrn3 dysregulates the timing of puberty in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Thuan Tran
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyunggi-do 16499,
Korea
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University Medical Center, Kyunggi-do 16499,
Korea
| | - Eunjoo Cho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyunggi-do 16499,
Korea
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University Medical Center, Kyunggi-do 16499,
Korea
| | - Seongsu Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyunggi-do 16499,
Korea
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University Medical Center, Kyunggi-do 16499,
Korea
| | - Eui Beom Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyunggi-do 16499,
Korea
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University Medical Center, Kyunggi-do 16499,
Korea
| | - Hae Sang Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Ajou University Medical Center, Kyunggi-do 16499,
Korea
| | - Seon Yong Jeong
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ajou University Medical Center, Kyunggi-do 16499,
Korea
| | - Jin Soon Hwang
- Department of Pediatrics, Ajou University Medical Center, Kyunggi-do 16499,
Korea
| | - Eun Young Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyunggi-do 16499,
Korea
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University Medical Center, Kyunggi-do 16499,
Korea
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50
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Lv H, Dong W, Cao Z, Lin J, Ouyang Y, Guo K, Li C, Zhang Y. Classical swine fever virus non-structural protein 4B binds tank-binding kinase 1. J Biosci 2018; 43:947-957. [PMID: 30541955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF) is a contagious disease with a high mortality rate and is caused by classical swine fever virus (CSFV). CSFV non-structural protein 4B (NS4B) plays a crucial role in CSFV replication and pathogenicity. However, precisely how NS4B exerts these functions remains unknown, especially as there are no reports relating to potential cellular partners of CSFV NS4B. Here, a yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) system was used to screen the cellular proteins interacting with NS4B from a porcine alveolar macrophage (PAM) cDNA library. The protein screen along with alignment using the NCBI database revealed 14 cellular proteins that interact with NS4B: DDX39B, COX7C, FTH1, MAVS, NR2F6, RPLP1, PSMC4, FGL2, MKRN1, RPL15, RPS3, RAB22A, TP53BP2 and TBK1. These proteins mostly relate to oxidoreductase activity, signal transduction, localization, biological regulation, catalytic activity, transport and metabolism by GO categories. Tank-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) was chosen for further confirmation. The NS4B-TBK1 interaction was further confirmed by subcellular co-location, co-immunoprecipitation and glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays. This study offers a theoretical foundation for further understanding of the diversity of NS4B functions in relation to viral infection and subsequent pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A and F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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