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Białek W, Hryniewicz-Jankowska A, Czechowicz P, Sławski J, Collawn JF, Czogalla A, Bartoszewski R. The lipid side of unfolded protein response. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2024; 1869:159515. [PMID: 38844203 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Although our current knowledge of the molecular crosstalk between the ER stress, the unfolded protein response (UPR), and lipid homeostasis remains limited, there is increasing evidence that dysregulation of either protein or lipid homeostasis profoundly affects the other. Most research regarding UPR signaling in human diseases has focused on the causes and consequences of disrupted protein folding. The UPR itself consists of very complex pathways that function to not only maintain protein homeostasis, but just as importantly, modulate lipid biogenesis to allow the ER to adjust and promote cell survival. Lipid dysregulation is known to activate many aspects of the UPR, but the complexity of this crosstalk remains a major research barrier. ER lipid disequilibrium and lipotoxicity are known to be important contributors to numerous human pathologies, including insulin resistance, liver disease, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Despite their medical significance and continuous research, however, the molecular mechanisms that modulate lipid synthesis during ER stress conditions, and their impact on cell fate decisions, remain poorly understood. Here we summarize the current view on crosstalk and connections between altered lipid metabolism, ER stress, and the UPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Białek
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Paulina Czechowicz
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Sławski
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - James F Collawn
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Aleksander Czogalla
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Bartoszewski
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland.
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2
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Cao S, Fachi JL, Ma K, Ulezko Antonova A, Wang Q, Cai Z, Kaufman RJ, Ciorba MA, Deepak P, Colonna M. The IRE1α/XBP1 pathway sustains cytokine responses of group 3 innate lymphoid cells in inflammatory bowel disease. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e174198. [PMID: 38722686 PMCID: PMC11214543 DOI: 10.1172/jci174198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) are key players in intestinal homeostasis. ER stress is linked to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Here, we used cell culture, mouse models, and human specimens to determine whether ER stress in ILC3s affects IBD pathophysiology. We show that mouse intestinal ILC3s exhibited a 24-hour rhythmic expression pattern of the master ER stress response regulator inositol-requiring kinase 1α/X-box-binding protein 1 (IRE1α/XBP1). Proinflammatory cytokine IL-23 selectively stimulated IRE1α/XBP1 in mouse ILC3s through mitochondrial ROS (mtROS). IRE1α/XBP1 was activated in ILC3s from mice exposed to experimental colitis and in inflamed human IBD specimens. Mice with Ire1α deletion in ILC3s (Ire1αΔRorc) showed reduced expression of the ER stress response and cytokine genes including Il22 in ILC3s and were highly vulnerable to infections and colitis. Administration of IL-22 counteracted their colitis susceptibility. In human ILC3s, IRE1 inhibitors suppressed cytokine production, which was upregulated by an IRE1 activator. Moreover, the frequencies of intestinal XBP1s+ ILC3s in patients with Crohn's disease before administration of ustekinumab, an anti-IL-12/IL-23 antibody, positively correlated with the response to treatment. We demonstrate that a noncanonical mtROS-IRE1α/XBP1 pathway augmented cytokine production by ILC3s and identify XBP1s+ ILC3s as a potential biomarker for predicting the response to anti-IL-23 therapies in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyan Cao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine and
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jose L. Fachi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kaiming Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine and
| | - Alina Ulezko Antonova
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Qianli Wang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Zhangying Cai
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Randal J. Kaufman
- Degenerative Diseases Program, Center for Genetic Disorders and Aging Research, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | | | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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3
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Kwon A, Kim YS, Kim J, Koo JH. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Activates Hepatic Macrophages through PERK-hnRNPA1 Signaling. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2024; 32:341-348. [PMID: 38589295 PMCID: PMC11063487 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2023.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays a crucial role in liver diseases, affecting various types of hepatic cells. While studies have focused on the link between ER stress and hepatocytes as well as hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), the precise involvement of hepatic macrophages in ER stress-induced liver injury remains poorly understood. Here, we examined the effects of ER stress on hepatic macrophages and their role in liver injury. Acute ER stress led to the accumulation and activation of hepatic macrophages, which preceded hepatocyte apoptosis. Notably, macrophage depletion mitigated liver injury induced by ER stress, underscoring their detrimental role. Mechanistic studies revealed that ER stress stimulates macrophages predominantly via the PERK signaling pathway, regardless of its canonical substrate ATF4. hnRNPA1 has been identified as a crucial mediator of PERK-driven macrophage activation, as the overexpression of hnRNPA1 effectively reduced ER stress and suppressed pro-inflammatory activation. We observed that hnRNPA1 interacts with mRNAs that encode UPR-related proteins, indicating its role in the regulation of ER stress response in macrophages. These findings illuminate the cell type-specific responses to ER stress and the significance of hepatic macrophages in ER stress-induced liver injury. Collectively, the PERK-hnRNPA1 axis has been discovered as a molecular mechanism for macrophage activation, presenting prospective therapeutic targets for inflammatory hepatic diseases such as acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Kwon
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Seok Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Hyun Koo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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4
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Hazari Y, Chevet E, Bailly-Maitre B, Hetz C. ER stress signaling at the interphase between MASH and HCC. Hepatology 2024:01515467-990000000-00844. [PMID: 38626349 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
HCC is the most frequent primary liver cancer with an extremely poor prognosis and often develops on preset of chronic liver diseases. Major risk factors for HCC include metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, a complex multifactorial condition associated with abnormal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteostasis. To cope with ER stress, the unfolded protein response engages adaptive reactions to restore the secretory capacity of the cell. Recent advances revealed that ER stress signaling plays a critical role in HCC progression. Here, we propose that chronic ER stress is a common transversal factor contributing to the transition from liver disease (risk factor) to HCC. Interventional strategies to target the unfolded protein response in HCC, such as cancer therapy, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younis Hazari
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Eric Chevet
- Inserm U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Béatrice Bailly-Maitre
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1065, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), 06204 Nice, France Team "Metainflammation and Hematometabolism", Metabolism Department, France
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, U1065, C3M, 06200 Nice, France
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, USA
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5
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Li Y, Liu D, Wang H, Zhang X, Lu B, Li S. The IRE1/Xbp1 axis restores ER and tissue homeostasis perturbed by excess Notch in Drosophila. Dev Biol 2024; 507:11-19. [PMID: 38142805 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Notch signaling controls numerous key cellular processes including cell fate determination and cell proliferation. Its malfunction has been linked to many developmental abnormalities and human disorders. Overactivation of Notch signaling is shown to be oncogenic. Retention of excess Notch protein in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) can lead to altered Notch signaling and cell fate, but the mechanism is not well understood. In this study, we show that V5-tagged or untagged exogenous Notch is retained in the ER when overexpressed in fly tissues. Furthermore, we show that Notch retention in the ER leads to robust ER enlargement and elicits a rough eye phenotype. Gain-of-function of unfolded protein response (UPR) factors IRE1 or spliced Xbp1 (Xbp1-s) alleviates Notch accumulation in the ER, restores ER morphology and ameliorates the rough eye phenotype. Our results uncover a pivotal role of the IRE1/Xbp1 axis in regulating the detrimental effect of ER-localized excess Notch protein during development and tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dongyue Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Haochuan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuejing Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bingwei Lu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shuangxi Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.
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Sun Y, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Chen YE, Jin JP, Zhang K, Mou H, Liang X, Xu J. XBP1-mediated transcriptional regulation of SLC5A1 in human epithelial cells in disease conditions. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:27. [PMID: 38388523 PMCID: PMC10885492 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01203-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium-Glucose cotransporter 1 and 2 (SGLT1/2) belong to the family of glucose transporters, encoded by SLC5A1 and SLC5A2, respectively. SGLT2 is almost exclusively expressed in the renal proximal convoluted tubule cells. SGLT1 is expressed in the kidneys but also in other organs throughout the body. Many SGLT inhibitor drugs have been developed based on the mechanism of blocking glucose (re)absorption mediated by SGLT1/2, and several have gained major regulatory agencies' approval for treating diabetes. Intriguingly these drugs are also effective in treating diseases beyond diabetes, for example heart failure and chronic kidney disease. We recently discovered that SGLT1 is upregulated in the airway epithelial cells derived from patients of cystic fibrosis (CF), a devastating genetic disease affecting greater than 70,000 worldwide. RESULTS In the present work, we show that the SGLT1 upregulation is coupled with elevated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, indicated by activation of the primary ER stress senor inositol-requiring protein 1α (IRE1α) and the ER stress-induced transcription factor X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1), in CF epithelial cells, and in epithelial cells of other stress conditions. Through biochemistry experiments, we demonstrated that the spliced form of XBP1 (XBP1s) acts as a transcription factor for SLC5A1 by directly binding to its promoter region. Targeting this ER stress → SLC5A1 axis by either the ER stress inhibitor Rapamycin or the SGLT1 inhibitor Sotagliflozin was effective in attenuating the ER stress response and reducing the SGLT1 level in these cellular model systems. CONCLUSIONS The present work establishes a causal relationship between ER stress and SGLT1 upregulation and provides a mechanistic explanation why SGLT inhibitor drugs benefit diseases beyond diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Sun
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yihan Zhang
- The Mucosal Immunology & Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson, 1402, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jian-Ping Jin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Kezhong Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Hongmei Mou
- The Mucosal Immunology & Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson, 1402, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Xiubin Liang
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Jie Xu
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Akai R, Hamashima H, Saito M, Kohno K, Iwawaki T. Partial limitation of cellular functions and compensatory modulation of unfolded protein response pathways caused by double-knockout of ATF6α and ATF6β. Cell Stress Chaperones 2024; 29:34-48. [PMID: 38320450 PMCID: PMC10939067 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstres.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Mammalian cells have three types of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-sensing molecules: ATF6, IRE1, and PERK. Among these, ATF6 is unique in that it is processed in an ER-stress-specific manner and functions as a transcription factor for the activation of anti-ER stress genes (such as BiP). ATF6 is known to have two homologues, ATF6α and ATF6β, and a greater understanding of their functions has been achieved through analyses using cultured cells. Physiological functions are also gradually being investigated in mice lacking ATF6α or ATF6β. However, little is known about the effects on mouse organisms of the deletion of both the ATF6α and ATF6β genes, since such double-knockout (DKO) mice suffer embryonic lethality at an early developmental stage. In this study, we generated and analyzed ATF6 DKO mice in which embryonic lethality was evaded by using Cre/loxP technology. Pancreatic β cell-specific ATF6 DKO mice were born normally and lived without dysregulation of blood-glucose levels but had a reduced tolerance to glucose. Islets isolated from ATF6 DKO mice also showed low production and secretion of insulin and mild enhancement of IRE1 and PERK activity. We further examined the developmental abnormalities of systemic ATF6 DKO mice. The phenotypes of ATF6α-/-; ATF6β-/- mice were similar to those previously reported, but ATF6α+/-; ATF6β-/- and ATF6α-/-; ATF6β+/- mice showed embryonic lethality at middle developmental stages, unlike those reported. Analysis of embryonic fibroblasts derived from these mice revealed that ATF6α and ATF6β have a gene-dose-dependent functional redundancy and display distinct differences in their ability to induce BiP expression. (250 words).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Akai
- Department of Life Science, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Hisayo Hamashima
- Department of Life Science, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Michiko Saito
- Bio-science Research Center, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 1, Misasagishichono-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Kenji Kohno
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science, University of Hyogo, Harima Science Garden City, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan; Institute for Research Initiatives, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Takao Iwawaki
- Department of Life Science, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan.
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8
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Kopsida M, Clavero AL, Khaled J, Balgoma D, Luna-Marco C, Chowdhury A, Nyman SS, Rorsman F, Ebeling Barbier C, Bergsten P, Lennernäs H, Hedeland M, Heindryckx F. Inhibiting the endoplasmic reticulum stress response enhances the effect of doxorubicin by altering the lipid metabolism of liver cancer cells. Mol Metab 2024; 79:101846. [PMID: 38030123 PMCID: PMC10755054 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by a low and variable response to chemotherapeutic treatments. One contributing factor to the overall pharmacodynamics is the activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathways. This is a cellular stress mechanism that becomes activated when the cell's need for protein synthesis surpasses the ER's capacity to maintain accurate protein folding, and has been implicated in creating drug-resistance in several solid tumors. OBJECTIVE To identify the role of ER-stress and lipid metabolism in mediating drug response in HCC. METHODS By using a chemically-induced mouse model for HCC, we administered the ER-stress inhibitor 4μ8C and/or doxorubicin (DOX) twice weekly for three weeks post-tumor initiation. Histological analyses were performed alongside comprehensive molecular biology and lipidomics assessments of isolated liver samples. In vitro models, including HCC cells, spheroids, and patient-derived liver organoids were subjected to 4μ8C and/or DOX, enabling us to assess their synergistic effects on cellular viability, lipid metabolism, and oxygen consumption rate. RESULTS We reveal a pivotal synergy between ER-stress modulation and drug response in HCC. The inhibition of ER-stress using 4μ8C not only enhances the cytotoxic effect of DOX, but also significantly reduces cellular lipid metabolism. This intricate interplay culminates in the deprivation of energy reserves essential for the sustenance of tumor cells. CONCLUSIONS This study elucidates the interplay between lipid metabolism and ER-stress modulation in enhancing doxorubicin efficacy in HCC. This novel approach not only deepens our understanding of the disease, but also uncovers a promising avenue for therapeutic innovation. The long-term impact of our study could open the possibility of ER-stress inhibitors and/or lipase inhibitors as adjuvant treatments for HCC-patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kopsida
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | | | - Jaafar Khaled
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - David Balgoma
- Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Sweden; Unidad de Excelencia, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | | | | | - Sofi Sennefelt Nyman
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Rorsman
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Peter Bergsten
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Hans Lennernäs
- Translational Drug Development and Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Mikael Hedeland
- Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Sweden
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9
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Sachan V, Le Dévéhat M, Roubtsova A, Essalmani R, Laurendeau JF, Garçon D, Susan-Resiga D, Duval S, Mikaeeli S, Hamelin J, Evagelidis A, Chong M, Paré G, Chernetsova E, Gao ZH, Robillard I, Ruiz M, Trinh VQH, Estall JL, Faraj M, Austin RC, Sauvageau M, Prat A, Kiss RS, Seidah NG. PCSK7: A novel regulator of apolipoprotein B and a potential target against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Metabolism 2024; 150:155736. [PMID: 37967646 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological evidence links the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 7 (PCSK7) to triglyceride (TG) metabolism. We associated the known PCSK7 gain-of-function non-coding SNP rs236918 with higher levels of plasma apolipoprotein B (apoB) and the loss-of-function coding variant p.Pro777Leu (SNP rs201598301) with lower apoB and TG. Herein, we aimed to unravel the in vivo role of liver PCSK7. METHODS We biochemically defined the functional role of PCSK7 in lipid metabolism using hepatic cell lines and Pcsk7-/- mice. Our findings were validated following subcutaneous administration of hepatocyte-targeted N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc)-antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) against Pcsk7. RESULTS Independent of its proteolytic activity, membrane-bound PCSK7 binds apoB100 in the endoplasmic reticulum and enhances its secretion. Mechanistically, the loss of PCSK7/Pcsk7 leads to apoB100 degradation, triggering an unfolded protein response, autophagy, and β-oxidation, eventually reducing lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was induced by a 12-week high fat/fructose/cholesterol diet in wild type (WT) and Pcsk7-/- mice that were then allowed to recover on a 4-week control diet. Pcsk7-/- mice recovered more effectively than WT mice from all NAFLD-related liver phenotypes. Finally, subcutaneous administration of GalNAc-ASOs targeting hepatic Pcsk7 to WT mice validated the above results. CONCLUSIONS Our data reveal hepatic PCSK7 as one of the major regulators of apoB, and its absence reduces apoB secretion from hepatocytes favoring its ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome. This results in a cascade of events, eventually reducing hepatic lipid accumulation, thus supporting the notion of silencing PCSK7 mRNA in hepatocytes for targeting NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vatsal Sachan
- Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), affiliated to the Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Maïlys Le Dévéhat
- Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), affiliated to the Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Anna Roubtsova
- Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), affiliated to the Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Rachid Essalmani
- Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), affiliated to the Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Francois Laurendeau
- RNA and Noncoding Mechanisms of Disease, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), affiliated to the Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Damien Garçon
- Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), affiliated to the Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Delia Susan-Resiga
- Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), affiliated to the Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Duval
- Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), affiliated to the Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sahar Mikaeeli
- Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), affiliated to the Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Josée Hamelin
- Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), affiliated to the Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandra Evagelidis
- Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), affiliated to the Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Michael Chong
- Department of Biochemistry & Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guillaume Paré
- Department of Biochemistry & Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Zu-Hua Gao
- Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Robillard
- Montreal Heart Institute, Metabolomics Platform, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Matthieu Ruiz
- Montreal Heart Institute, Metabolomics Platform, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Vincent Quoc-Huy Trinh
- Departement of Pathology and Cellular Biology, Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et Cancérologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jennifer L Estall
- Molecular Mechanisms of Diabetes, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), affiliated to the Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - May Faraj
- Nutrition Department, Université de Montréal, Research Unit on Nutrition, Lipoproteins and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Richard C Austin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton and the Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Martin Sauvageau
- RNA and Noncoding Mechanisms of Disease, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), affiliated to the Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Annik Prat
- Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), affiliated to the Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Robert S Kiss
- McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Nabil G Seidah
- Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), affiliated to the Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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10
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Ohguro H, Umetsu A, Sato T, Furuhashi M, Watanabe M. Lipid Metabolism Regulators Are the Possible Determinant for Characteristics of Myopic Human Scleral Stroma Fibroblasts (HSSFs). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:501. [PMID: 38203671 PMCID: PMC10778967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the current investigation was to elucidate what kinds of responsible mechanisms induce elongation of the sclera in myopic eyes. To do this, two-dimensional (2D) cultures of human scleral stromal fibroblasts (HSSFs) obtained from eyes with two different axial length (AL) groups, <26 mm (low AL group, n = 2) and >27 mm (high AL group, n = 3), were subjected to (1) measurements of Seahorse mitochondrial and glycolytic indices to evaluate biological aspects and (2) analysis by RNA sequencing. Extracellular flux analysis revealed that metabolic indices related to mitochondrial and glycolytic functions were higher in the low AL group than in the high AL group, suggesting that metabolic activities of HSSF cells are different depending the degree of AL. Based upon RNA sequencing of these low and high AL groups, the bioinformatic analyses using gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified that sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 2 (SREBF2) is both a possible upstream regulator and a causal network regulator. Furthermore, SREBF1, insulin-induced gene 1 (INSIG1), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) were detected as upstream regulators, and protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type O (PTPRO) was detected as a causal network regulator. Since those possible regulators were all pivotally involved in lipid metabolisms including fatty acid (FA), triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol (Chol) biosynthesis, the findings reported here indicate that FA, TG and Chol biosynthesis regulation may be responsible mechanisms inducing AL elongation via HSSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ohguro
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Hokkaido, Japan; (H.O.); (A.U.)
| | - Araya Umetsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Hokkaido, Japan; (H.O.); (A.U.)
| | - Tatsuya Sato
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Hokkaido, Japan
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Signal Transduction, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masato Furuhashi
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Megumi Watanabe
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Hokkaido, Japan; (H.O.); (A.U.)
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11
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Venkatesan N, Doskey LC, Malhi H. The Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum in Lipotoxicity during Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) Pathogenesis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:1887-1899. [PMID: 37689385 PMCID: PMC10699131 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Perturbations in lipid and protein homeostasis induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Lipotoxic and proteotoxic stress can activate the unfolded protein response (UPR) transducers: inositol requiring enzyme1α, PKR-like ER kinase, and activating transcription factor 6α. Collectively, these pathways induce expression of genes that encode functions to resolve the protein folding defect and ER stress by increasing the protein folding capacity of the ER and degradation of misfolded proteins. The ER is also intimately connected with lipid metabolism, including de novo ceramide synthesis, phospholipid and cholesterol synthesis, and lipid droplet formation. Following their activation, the UPR transducers also regulate lipogenic pathways in the liver. With persistent ER stress, cellular adaptation fails, resulting in hepatocyte apoptosis, a pathological marker of liver disease. In addition to the ER-nucleus signaling activated by the UPR, the ER can interact with other organelles via membrane contact sites. Modulating intracellular communication between ER and endosomes, lipid droplets, and mitochondria to restore ER homeostasis could have therapeutic efficacy in ameliorating liver disease. Recent studies have also demonstrated that cells can convey ER stress by the release of extracellular vesicles. This review discusses lipotoxic ER stress and the central role of the ER in communicating ER stress to other intracellular organelles in MASLD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanditha Venkatesan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Luke C Doskey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Harmeet Malhi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
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12
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Na M, Yang X, Deng Y, Yin Z, Li M. Endoplasmic reticulum stress in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16398. [PMID: 38025713 PMCID: PMC10655704 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays a pivotal role in protein synthesis, folding, and modification. Under stress conditions such as oxidative stress and inflammation, the ER can become overwhelmed, leading to an accumulation of misfolded proteins and ensuing ER stress. This triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR) designed to restore ER homeostasis. Alcoholic liver disease (ALD), a spectrum disorder resulting from chronic alcohol consumption, encompasses conditions from fatty liver and alcoholic hepatitis to cirrhosis. Metabolites of alcohol can incite oxidative stress and inflammation in hepatic cells, instigating ER stress. Prolonged alcohol exposure further disrupts protein homeostasis, exacerbating ER stress which can lead to irreversible hepatocellular damage and ALD progression. Elucidating the contribution of ER stress to ALD pathogenesis may pave the way for innovative therapeutic interventions. This review delves into ER stress, its basic signaling pathways, and its role in the alcoholic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Na
- Department of Pharmacy, The 926th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Kaiyuan, Yunan, China
| | - Xingbiao Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The 926th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Kaiyuan, Yunan, China
| | - Yongkun Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, The 926th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Kaiyuan, Yunan, China
| | - Zhaoheng Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, The 926th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Kaiyuan, Yunan, China
| | - Mingwei Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The 926th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Kaiyuan, Yunan, China
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13
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Lin FJ, Huang YH, Tsao CH, Hsieh WC, Lo YH, Zouboulis CC, Chen HL, Liu FT. Galectin-12 Regulates Immune Responses in the Skin through Sebaceous Glands. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:2120-2131.e7. [PMID: 37207806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.03.1684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Sebaceous glands (SGs) are holocrine glands that produce sebum, which primarily contains lipids that help to maintain the barrier function of the skin. Dysregulated lipid production contributes to the progression of some diseases characterized by dry skin, including atopic dermatitis. Although the lipid production of SGs has been well-studied, few studies have assessed their role in skin immune responses. We found that SGs and sebocytes expressed IL-4 receptor and produced high levels of T helper 2-associated inflammatory mediators after IL-4 treatment, suggesting immunomodulatory effects. Galectin-12 is a lipogenic factor expressed in sebocytes that affects their differentiation and proliferation. Using galectin-12-knockdown sebocytes, we showed that galectin-12 regulated the immune response in cells exposed to IL-4 and promoted CCL26 expression by upregulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ. Moreover, galectin-12 suppressed the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress-response molecules, and CCL26 upregulation by IL-4 was reversed after sebocyte treatment with inducers of endoplasmic reticulum stress, suggesting that galectin-12 controls IL-4 signaling by suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress. Using galectin-12-knockout mice, we showed that galectin-12 positively regulated the IL-4-induced enlargement of SGs and the development of an atopic dermatitis-like phenotype. Thus, galectin-12 regulates the skin immune response by promoting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ expression and suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress in SGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Jen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Hsi Huang
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Han Tsao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, Jointly Offered by Kaohsiung Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chen Hsieh
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hsin Lo
- Department of Dermatology, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Christos C Zouboulis
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Dessau, Germany
| | - Hung-Lin Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Tong Liu
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA.
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14
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Shah A, Huck I, Duncan K, Gansemer ER, Liu K, Adajar RC, Apte U, Stamnes MA, Rutkowski DT. Interference with the HNF4-dependent gene regulatory network diminishes endoplasmic reticulum stress in hepatocytes. Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:e0278. [PMID: 37820274 PMCID: PMC10578741 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In all eukaryotic cell types, the unfolded protein response (UPR) upregulates factors that promote protein folding and misfolded protein clearance to help alleviate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Yet, ER stress in the liver is uniquely accompanied by the suppression of metabolic genes, the coordination and purpose of which are largely unknown. METHODS Here, we combined in silico machine learning, in vivo liver-specific deletion of the master regulator of hepatocyte differentiation HNF4α, and in vitro manipulation of hepatocyte differentiation state to determine how the UPR regulates hepatocyte identity and toward what end. RESULTS Machine learning identified a cluster of correlated genes that were profoundly suppressed by persistent ER stress in the liver. These genes, which encode diverse functions including metabolism, coagulation, drug detoxification, and bile synthesis, are likely targets of the master regulator of hepatocyte differentiation HNF4α. The response of these genes to ER stress was phenocopied by liver-specific deletion of HNF4α. Strikingly, while deletion of HNF4α exacerbated liver injury in response to an ER stress challenge, it also diminished UPR activation and partially preserved ER ultrastructure, suggesting attenuated ER stress. Conversely, pharmacological maintenance of hepatocyte identity in vitro enhanced sensitivity to stress. CONCLUSIONS Together, our findings suggest that the UPR regulates hepatocyte identity through HNF4α to protect ER homeostasis even at the expense of liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anit Shah
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Ian Huck
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Kaylia Duncan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Erica R. Gansemer
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Kaihua Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Reed C. Adajar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Udayan Apte
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Mark A. Stamnes
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - D. Thomas Rutkowski
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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15
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Pioltine EM, Costa CB, Franchi FF, dos Santos PH, Nogueira MFG. Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid Supplementation in In Vitro Culture of Indicine Bovine Embryos: Molecular and Cellular Effects on the In Vitro Cryotolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14060. [PMID: 37762363 PMCID: PMC10531190 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
During embryo development, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) acts as an important site for protein biosynthesis; however, in vitro culture (IVC) can negatively affect ER homeostasis. Therefore, the aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of the supplementation of tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), an ER stress inhibitor, in the IVC of bovine embryos. Two experiments were carried out: Exp. 1: an evaluation of blastocyst rate, hatching kinetics, and gene expression of hatched embryos after being treated with different concentrations of TUDCA (50, 200, or 1000 μM) in the IVC; Exp. 2: an evaluation of the re-expansion, hatching, and gene expression of hatched embryos previously treated with 200 µM of TUDCA at IVC and submitted to vitrification. There was no increase in the blastocyst and hatched blastocyst rates treated with TUDCA in the IVC. However, embryos submitted to vitrification after treatment with 200 µM of TUDCA underwent an increased hatching rate post-warming together with a down-regulation in the expression of ER stress-related genes and the accumulation of lipids. In conclusion, this work showed that the addition of TUDCA during in vitro culture can improve the cryotolerance of the bovine blastocyst through the putative modulation of ER and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Mariano Pioltine
- Multi-User Laboratory of Phytomedicines Pharmacology, and Biotechnology (PhitoPharmaTec), Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-000, Brazil
| | - Camila Bortoliero Costa
- Multi-User Laboratory of Phytomedicines Pharmacology, and Biotechnology (PhitoPharmaTec), Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-000, Brazil
- Laboratory of Embryonic Micromanipulation, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Sciences and Languages, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Assis 19806-900, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Fagali Franchi
- Multi-User Laboratory of Phytomedicines Pharmacology, and Biotechnology (PhitoPharmaTec), Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-000, Brazil
| | - Priscila Helena dos Santos
- Multi-User Laboratory of Phytomedicines Pharmacology, and Biotechnology (PhitoPharmaTec), Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-000, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Fábio Gouveia Nogueira
- Multi-User Laboratory of Phytomedicines Pharmacology, and Biotechnology (PhitoPharmaTec), Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-000, Brazil
- Laboratory of Embryonic Micromanipulation, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Sciences and Languages, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Assis 19806-900, Brazil
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16
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Yang X, Zhou T, Wang X, Xia Y, Cao X, Cheng X, Cao Y, Ma P, Ma H, Qin A, Zhao J. Loss of DDRGK1 impairs IRE1α UFMylation in spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:4709-4725. [PMID: 37781516 PMCID: PMC10539710 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.82765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia (SEMD) is a rare disease in which cartilage growth is disrupted, and the DDRGK1 mutation is one of the causative genes. In our study, we established Ddrgk1fl/fl, Col2a1-ERT Cre mice, which showed a thickened hypertrophic zone (HZ) in the growth plate, simulating the previous reported SEMD pathology in vivo. Instead of the classical modulation mechanism towards SOX9, our further mechanism study found that DDRGK1 stabilizes the stress sensor endoplasmic reticulum-to-nucleus signaling 1 (IRE1α) to maintain endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homoeostasis. The loss of DDRGK1 decreased the UFMylation and subsequently led to increased ubiquitylation-mediated IRE1α degradation, causing ER dysfunction and activating the PERK/CHOP/Caspase3 apoptosis pathway. Further DDRGK1 K268R-mutant mice revealed the importance of K268 UFMylation site in IRE1α degradation and subsequent ER dysfunction. In conclusion, DDRGK1 stabilizes IRE1α to ameliorate ER stress and following apoptosis in chondrocytes, which finally promote the normal chondrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tangjun Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Xia
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiankun Cao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofei Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peixiang Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - An Qin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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17
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Hou X, Ke J, Chen X, Ai T, Liu X, Qian L, Xiang W, Wang J, Wang C. Changes in the liver of Tinca tinca under successive domestication using an integrated multi-omics approach. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2023; 47:101107. [PMID: 37354750 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2023.101107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Domestication is the process of modifying the phenotype of a population through anthropic selection from human perspectives. Successive generations of domestication have influenced the physiological characteristics of tench Tinca tinca. In current study, we investigated gene and protein expression alterations in the liver of fifth-generation (F5). A total of 420 genes were found to be upregulated and 351 genes were downregulated, while 410 proteins were upregulated and 279 proteins were downregulated in domesticated T. tinca (DT). The integrated analysis of omics data revealed a total of 55 genes/proteins exhibiting consistent upregulation and 12 genes/proteins displaying consistent downregulation in DT. The upregulated genes/proteins in DT, such as SSR1, DERLIN2, OS9, DNAJB11, and HYOU1, exhibit enrichment in the protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum pathway. Additionally, upregulated genes/proteins such as IL2RB, F13B, and IRF3 are associated with immune response. Conversely, downregulated genes/proteins in DT, including HSD11B1, CYP24A1, and COMT, play roles in hormone metabolism. These findings indicate that domestication can have a substantial impact on the physiological modifications related to protein processing, immune response, and hormone metabolism in DT. These adaptations potentially enhance their ability to thrive in artificial aquaculture environments, leading to improved growth and development. The exploration of genetic changes in DT will not only improve aquaculture practices but also provide significant insights into the broader process of domestication and its effects on physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hou
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture/National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education/Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Ke
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture/National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education/Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture/National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education/Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Ai
- Fisheries Technology Extension Station, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaochen Liu
- Agricultural Technology Extension Station of the 10th Division, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Beitun, Xinjiang, China
| | - Long Qian
- Fisheries Technology Extension Station, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Fisheries Technology Extension Station, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture/National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education/Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chenghui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture/National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education/Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
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18
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Maharati A, Moghbeli M. PI3K/AKT signaling pathway as a critical regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colorectal tumor cells. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:201. [PMID: 37580737 PMCID: PMC10424373 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01225-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent gastrointestinal malignancies that are considered as a global health challenge. Despite many progresses in therapeutic methods, there is still a high rate of mortality rate among CRC patients that is associated with poor prognosis and distant metastasis. Therefore, investigating the molecular mechanisms involved in CRC metastasis can improve the prognosis. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process is considered as one of the main molecular mechanisms involved in CRC metastasis, which can be regulated by various signaling pathways. PI3K/AKT signaling pathway has a key role in CRC cell proliferation and migration. In the present review, we discussed the role of PI3K/AKT pathway CRC metastasis through the regulation of the EMT process. It has been shown that PI3K/AKT pathway can induce the EMT process by down regulation of epithelial markers, while up regulation of mesenchymal markers and EMT-specific transcription factors that promote CRC metastasis. This review can be an effective step toward introducing the PI3K/AKT/EMT axis to predict prognosis as well as a therapeutic target among CRC patients. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhosein Maharati
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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19
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Luo H, Jiao Q, Shen C, Shao C, Xie J, Chen Y, Feng X, Zhang X. Unraveling the roles of endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation in metabolic disorders. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1123769. [PMID: 37455916 PMCID: PMC10339828 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1123769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Misfolded proteins retained in the endoplasmic reticulum cause many human diseases. ER-associated degradation (ERAD) is one of the protein quality and quantity control system located at ER, which is responsible for translocating the misfolded proteins or properly folded but excess proteins out of the ER for proteasomal degradation. Recent studies have revealed that mice with ERAD deficiency in specific cell types exhibit impaired metabolism homeostasis and metabolic diseases. Here, we highlight the ERAD physiological functions in metabolic disorders in a substrate-dependent and cell type-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Luo
- *Correspondence: Hui Luo, ; Xingwei Zhang,
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20
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Sakai E, Imaizumi T, Suzuki R, Taracena-Gándara M, Fujimoto T, Sakurai F, Mizuguchi H. miR-27b targets MAIP1 to mediate lipid accumulation in cultured human and mouse hepatic cells. Commun Biol 2023; 6:669. [PMID: 37355744 PMCID: PMC10290684 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05049-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD) is a condition caused by excessive fat accumulation in the liver and developed via multiple pathways. miR-27b has been suggested to play crucial roles in the development of NAFLD, assuming via targeting genes involved in lipid catabolism and anabolism. However, other pathways regulated by miR-27b are largely unknown. Here we show that lipid accumulation was induced in miR-27b-transfected human and mouse hepatic cells and that knockdowns of three miR-27b-target genes, β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 3 (B4GALT3), matrix AAA peptidase interacting protein 1 (MAIP1) and PH domain and leucine rich repeat protein phosphatase 2 (PHLPP2), induced lipid accumulation. We also show that B4GALT3 and MAIP1 were direct targets of miR-27b and overexpression of MAIP1 ameliorated miR-27b-induced lipid accumulation. In addition, we show that hepatic Maip1 expression declined in mice fed a high-fat diet, suggesting the involvement of decreased Maip1 expression in the condition of fatty liver. Overall, we identified MAIP1/miR-27b axis as a mediator of hepatic lipid accumulation, a potential therapeutic target for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiko Sakai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Imaizumi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ruruka Suzuki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Marcos Taracena-Gándara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshiki Fujimoto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Fuminori Sakurai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mizuguchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Laboratory of Functional Organoid for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8 Saito, Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan.
- Global Center for Advanced Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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21
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Basha A, May SC, Anderson RM, Samala N, Mirmira RG. Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Translating Disease Mechanisms into Therapeutics Using Animal Models. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9996. [PMID: 37373143 PMCID: PMC10298283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a range of pathologies arising from fat accumulation in the liver in the absence of excess alcohol use or other causes of liver disease. Its complications include cirrhosis and liver failure, hepatocellular carcinoma, and eventual death. NAFLD is the most common cause of liver disease globally and is estimated to affect nearly one-third of individuals in the United States. Despite knowledge that the incidence and prevalence of NAFLD are increasing, the pathophysiology of the disease and its progression to cirrhosis remain insufficiently understood. The molecular pathogenesis of NAFLD involves insulin resistance, inflammation, oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Better insight into these molecular pathways would allow for therapies that target specific stages of NAFLD. Preclinical animal models have aided in defining these mechanisms and have served as platforms for screening and testing of potential therapeutic approaches. In this review, we will discuss the cellular and molecular mechanisms thought to contribute to NAFLD, with a focus on the role of animal models in elucidating these mechanisms and in developing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Basha
- Kovler Diabetes Center, Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sarah C. May
- Kovler Diabetes Center, Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ryan M. Anderson
- Kovler Diabetes Center, Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Niharika Samala
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Raghavendra G. Mirmira
- Kovler Diabetes Center, Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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22
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Thokerunga E, Bongolo CC, Rugera SP, Akankwatsa G, Tu JC. FKBP11 upregulation promotes proliferation and migration in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Biomark 2023:CBM220440. [PMID: 37248890 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-220440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer related deaths world over. Early diagnosis and effective treatment monitoring significantly improves patients' outcomes. FKBP11 gene is highly expressed in HCC and could play a role in its development, early diagnosis and treatment. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the expression of FKBP11 in HCC, its correlation with patients' clinical characteristics and potential role in HCC development. METHODS Expression was determined by bioinformatics analysis, quantitative real-time PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry. CCK-8, Transwell and wound healing assays were used to investigate involvement in HCC development. RESULTS FKBP11 was significantly upregulated in HCC cells, tissues and blood (all p< 0.001). Its receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve had an AUC of 0.864 (95% CI: 0.823-0.904), at a sensitivity of 0.86 and specificity of 0.78 indicating a good diagnostic potential in HCC. Its expression was markedly reduced after surgery (p< 0.0001), indicating a potential application in HCC treatment follow-up. Knockdown of FKBP11 in HCC cells attenuated proliferation and migration, suggesting a possible role in HCC pathogenesis. CONCLUSION This study thus found that FKBP11 is upregulated in HCC, and the upregulation promotes HCC development. FKBP11 levels are significantly reduced post-surgery and could be a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Thokerunga
- Program and Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Christian Cedric Bongolo
- Program and Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Simon Peter Rugera
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Gilbert Akankwatsa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kampala International University, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Jian-Cheng Tu
- Program and Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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23
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Hazari Y, Urra H, Garcia Lopez VA, Diaz J, Tamburini G, Milani M, Pihan P, Durand S, Aprahamia F, Baxter R, Huang M, Dong XC, Vihinen H, Batista-Gonzalez A, Godoy P, Criollo A, Ratziu V, Foufelle F, Hengstler JG, Jokitalo E, Bailly-Maitre B, Maiers JL, Plate L, Kroemer G, Hetz C. The endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor IRE1 regulates collagen secretion through the enforcement of the proteostasis factor P4HB/PDIA1 contributing to liver damage and fibrosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.02.538835. [PMID: 37205565 PMCID: PMC10187203 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.02.538835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Collagen is one the most abundant proteins and the main cargo of the secretory pathway, contributing to hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis due to excessive deposition of extracellular matrix. Here we investigated the possible contribution of the unfolded protein response, the main adaptive pathway that monitors and adjusts the protein production capacity at the endoplasmic reticulum, to collagen biogenesis and liver disease. Genetic ablation of the ER stress sensor IRE1 reduced liver damage and diminished collagen deposition in models of liver fibrosis triggered by carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) administration or by high fat diet. Proteomic and transcriptomic profiling identified the prolyl 4-hydroxylase (P4HB, also known as PDIA1), which is known to be critical for collagen maturation, as a major IRE1-induced gene. Cell culture studies demonstrated that IRE1 deficiency results in collagen retention at the ER and altered secretion, a phenotype rescued by P4HB overexpression. Taken together, our results collectively establish a role of the IRE1/P4HB axis in the regulation of collagen production and its significance in the pathogenesis of various disease states.
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24
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He F, Zhang P, Liu J, Wang R, Kaufman RJ, Yaden BC, Karin M. ATF4 suppresses hepatocarcinogenesis by inducing SLC7A11 (xCT) to block stress-related ferroptosis. J Hepatol 2023:S0168-8278(23)00193-9. [PMID: 36996941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a leading cause of cancer death, is associated with viral hepatitis, non-alcoholic and alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH, ASH), all of which trigger endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, hepatocyte death, inflammation, and compensatory proliferation. Using ER stress-prone MUP-uPA mice, we established that ER stress and hypernutrition cooperate to cause NASH and HCC, but the contribution of individual stress effectors, such as ATF4, to HCC and their underlying mechanisms of action remained unknown. METHODS Hepatocyte-specific ATF4 deficient MUP-uPA mice (MUP-uPA/Atf4Δhep) and control MUP-uPA/Atf4F/F mice were fed high fat diet (HFD) to induce NASH-induced HCC, and Atf4F/F and Atf4Δhep mice were injected with diethylnitrosamine (DEN) to model carcinogen-induced HCC. Histological, biochemical, and RNA sequencing analyses were performed to identify and define the role of ATF4-induced SLC7A11 expression in hepatocarcinogenesis. Reconstitution of SLC7A11 in ATF4-deficient primary hepatocytes and mouse livers was used to study its effects on ferroptosis and HCC development. RESULTS Hepatocyte ATF4 ablation inhibited hepatosteatosis, but increased susceptibility to ferroptosis, resulting in accelerated HCC development. Although ATF4 activates numerous genes, ferroptosis susceptibility and hepatocarcinogenesis were reversed by ectopic expression of a single ATF4 target, Slc7a11, coding for a subunit of the cystine-glutamate antiporter xCT, which is needed for glutathione (GSH) synthesis. A ferroptosis inhibitor also reduced liver damage and inflammation. ATF4 and SLC7A11 amounts were positively correlated in human HCC and livers of NASH patients. CONCLUSIONS Despite ATF4 being upregulated in established HCC, it serves an important protective function in normal hepatocytes. By maintaining glutathione production ATF4 inhibits ferroptosis-dependent inflammatory cell death, which is known to promote compensatory proliferation and hepatocarcinogenesis. Ferroptosis inhibitors or ATF4 activators may also blunt HCC onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng He
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China; Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Junlai Liu
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ruolei Wang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Randal J Kaufman
- Degenerative Diseases Program, Center for Genetic Disorders and Aging Research, SBP Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin C Yaden
- Diabetes Novel Therapies and External Innovation, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
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25
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Asher G, Zhu B. Beyond circadian rhythms: emerging roles of ultradian rhythms in control of liver functions. Hepatology 2023; 77:1022-1035. [PMID: 35591797 PMCID: PMC9674798 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian liver must cope with various metabolic and physiological changes that normally recur every day and primarily stem from daily cycles of rest-activity and fasting-feeding. Although a large body of evidence supports the reciprocal regulation of circadian rhythms and liver function, the research on the hepatic ultradian rhythms have largely been lagging behind. However, with the advent of more cost-effective high-throughput omics technologies, high-resolution time-lapse imaging, and more robust and powerful mathematical tools, several recent studies have shed new light on the presence and functions of hepatic ultradian rhythms. In this review, we will first very briefly discuss the basic principles of circadian rhythms, and then cover in greater details the recent literature related to ultradian rhythms. Specifically, we will highlight the prevalence and mechanisms of hepatic 12-h rhythms, and 8-h rhythms, which cycle at the second and third harmonics of circadian frequency. Finally, we also refer to ultradian rhythms with other frequencies and examine the limitations of the current approaches as well as the challenges related to identifying ultradian rhythm and addressing their molecular underpinnings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gad Asher
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Bokai Zhu
- Aging Institute of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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26
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Wang JM, Li H, Xu L, Kim H, Qiu Y, Zhang K. Boosting UPR transcriptional activator XBP1 accelerates acute wound healing. PNAS NEXUS 2023; 2:pgad050. [PMID: 36959909 PMCID: PMC10028334 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Patients' suffering from large or deep wounds caused by traumatic and/or thermal injuries have significantly lower chances of recapitulating lost skin function through natural healing. We tested whether enhanced unfolded protein response (UPR) by expression of a UPR transcriptional activator, X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1) can significantly promote wound repair through stimulating growth factor production and promoting angiogenesis. In mouse models of a second-degree thermal wound, a full-thickness traumatic wound, and a full-thickness diabetic wound, the topical gene transfer of the activated form of XBP1 (spliced XBP1, XBP1s) can significantly enhance re-epithelialization and increase angiogenesis, leading to rapid, nearly complete wound closure with intact regenerated epidermis and dermis. Overexpression of XBP1s stimulated the transcription of growth factors in fibroblasts critical to proliferation and remodeling during wound repair, including platelet-derived growth factor BB, basic fibroblast growth factor, and transforming growth factor beta 3. Meanwhile, the overexpression of XBP1s boosted the migration and tube formation of dermal microvascular endothelial cells in vitro. Our functional and mechanistic investigations of XBP1-mediated regulation of wound healing processes provide novel insights into the previously undermined physiological role of the UPR in skin injuries. The finding opens an avenue to developing potential XBP1-based therapeutic strategies in clinical wound care protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Mei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Ave, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, 540 Canfield Street, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 Canfield Street, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Hainan Li
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, 540 Canfield Street, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Liping Xu
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, 540 Canfield Street, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Hyunbae Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Ave, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Yining Qiu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Ave, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Kezhong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Ave, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 Canfield Street, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, 4100 John R, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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27
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Uomoto S, Takesue K, Shimizu S, Maeda N, Oshima K, Hara E, Kobayashi M, Takahashi Y, Shibutani M, Yoshida T. Phenobarbital, a hepatic metabolic enzyme inducer, inhibits preneoplastic hepatic lesions with expression of selective autophagy receptor p62 and ER-phagy receptor FAM134B in high-fat diet-fed rats through the inhibition of ER stress. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 173:113607. [PMID: 36657701 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-phagy in NAFLD-related hepatocarcinogenesis in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed and/or phenobarbital (PB)-treated rats by clustering the expression levels of the selective autophagy receptor p62 and the ER-phagy-specific receptor FAM134B in preneoplastic hepatic lesions. We obtained four clusters with variable expression levels of p62 and FAM134B in preneoplastic lesions, and a variable population of clusters in each group. PB administration increased the clusters with high expression levels of p62 while HFD feeding increased the clusters with high expression levels of both p62 and FAM134B. The areas of preneoplastic lesions of these clusters were significantly increased than those of other clusters with low expression levels of p62 and FAM134B. The combination of HFD feeding with PB counteracted the effects of each other, and the cluster composition was similar to that in the control group. The results were associated with decreased gene expression of ER stress, inflammatory cytokine, autophagy, and increased expression of antioxidant enzyme. The present study demonstrated that clustering analysis is useful for understanding the role of autophagy in each preneoplastic lesion, and that HFD feeding increased preneoplastic lesions through the inhibition of ER-phagy, which was cancelled with PB administration through the induction of ER-phagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzuka Uomoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Keisuke Takesue
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Saori Shimizu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Natsuno Maeda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kanami Oshima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Emika Hara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Mio Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yasunori Takahashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Makoto Shibutani
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Toshinori Yoshida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
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28
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CHIP Haploinsufficiency Exacerbates Hepatic Steatosis via Enhanced TXNIP Expression and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Responses. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020458. [PMID: 36830016 PMCID: PMC9951908 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
TXNIP is a critical regulator of glucose homeostasis, fatty acid synthesis, and cholesterol accumulation in the liver, and it has been reported that metabolic diseases, such as obesity, atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), are associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Because CHIP, an E3 ligase, was known to be involved in regulating tissue injury and inflammation in liver, its role in regulating ER stress-induced NAFLD was investigated in two experimental NAFLD models, a tunicamycin (TM)-induced and other diet-induced NAFLD mice models. In the TM-induced NAFLD model, intraperitoneal injection of TM induced liver steatosis in both CHIP+/+ and CHIP+/- mice, but it was severely exacerbated in CHIP+/- mice compared to CHIP+/+ mice. Key regulators of ER stress and de novo lipogenesis were also enhanced in the livers of TM-inoculated CHIP+/- mice. Furthermore, in the diet-induced NAFLD models, CHIP+/- mice developed severely impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis compared to CHIP+/+ mice. Interestingly, CHIP promoted ubiquitin-dependent degradation of TXNIP in vitro, and inhibition of TXNIP was further found to alleviate the inflammation and ER stress responses increased by CHIP inhibition. In addition, the expression of TXNIP was increased in mice deficient in CHIP in the TM- and diet-induced models. These findings suggest that CHIP modulates ER stress and inflammatory responses by inhibiting TXNIP, and that CHIP protects against TM- or HF-HS diet-induced NAFLD and serves as a potential therapeutic means for treating liver diseases.
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29
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Shah A, Huck I, Duncan K, Gansemer ER, Apte U, Stamnes MA, Rutkowski DT. Interference with the HNF4-dependent gene regulatory network diminishes ER stress in hepatocytes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.09.527889. [PMID: 36798396 PMCID: PMC9934629 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.09.527889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
In all eukaryotic cell types, the unfolded protein response (UPR) upregulates factors that promote protein folding and misfolded protein clearance to help alleviate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Yet ER stress in the liver is uniquely accompanied by the suppression of metabolic genes, the coordination and purpose of which is largely unknown. Here, we used unsupervised machine learning to identify a cluster of correlated genes that were profoundly suppressed by persistent ER stress in the liver. These genes, which encode diverse functions including metabolism, coagulation, drug detoxification, and bile synthesis, are likely targets of the master regulator of hepatocyte differentiation HNF4α. The response of these genes to ER stress was phenocopied by liver-specific deletion of HNF4 α. Strikingly, while deletion of HNF4α exacerbated liver injury in response to an ER stress challenge, it also diminished UPR activation and partially preserved ER ultrastructure, suggesting attenuated ER stress. Conversely, pharmacological maintenance of hepatocyte identity in vitro enhanced sensitivity to stress. Several pathways potentially link HNF4α to ER stress sensitivity, including control of expression of the tunicamycin transporter MFSD2A; modulation of IRE1/XBP1 signaling; and regulation of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase. Together, these findings suggest that HNF4α activity is linked to hepatic ER homeostasis through multiple mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anit Shah
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Ian Huck
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Kaylia Duncan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Erica R. Gansemer
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Udayan Apte
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Mark A. Stamnes
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - D. Thomas Rutkowski
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
- Department of Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
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30
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Celik C, Lee SYT, Yap WS, Thibault G. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and lipids in health and diseases. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 89:101198. [PMID: 36379317 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a complex and dynamic organelle that regulates many cellular pathways, including protein synthesis, protein quality control, and lipid synthesis. When one or multiple ER roles are dysregulated and saturated, the ER enters a stress state, which, in turn, activates the highly conserved unfolded protein response (UPR). By sensing the accumulation of unfolded proteins or lipid bilayer stress (LBS) at the ER, the UPR triggers pathways to restore ER homeostasis and eventually induces apoptosis if the stress remains unresolved. In recent years, it has emerged that the UPR works intimately with other cellular pathways to maintain lipid homeostasis at the ER, and so does at cellular levels. Lipid distribution, along with lipid anabolism and catabolism, are tightly regulated, in part, by the ER. Dysfunctional and overwhelmed lipid-related pathways, independently or in combination with ER stress, can have reciprocal effects on other cellular functions, contributing to the development of diseases. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the UPR in response to proteotoxic stress and LBS and the breadth of the functions mitigated by the UPR in different tissues and in the context of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cenk Celik
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | | | - Wei Sheng Yap
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Guillaume Thibault
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore.
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31
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Barrabi C, Zhang K, Liu M, Chen X. Pancreatic beta cell ER export in health and diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1155779. [PMID: 37152949 PMCID: PMC10160654 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1155779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the secretory pathway of the pancreatic beta cell, proinsulin and other secretory granule proteins are first produced in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Beta cell ER homeostasis is vital for normal beta cell functions and is maintained by the delicate balance between protein synthesis, folding, export and degradation. Disruption of ER homeostasis leads to beta cell death and diabetes. Among the four components to maintain ER homeostasis, the role of ER export in insulin biogenesis or beta cell survival was not well-understood. COPII (coat protein complex II) dependent transport is a conserved mechanism for most cargo proteins to exit ER and transport to Golgi apparatus. Emerging evidence began to reveal a critical role of COPII-dependent ER export in beta cells. In this review, we will first discuss the basic components of the COPII transport machinery, the regulation of cargo entry and COPII coat assembly in mammalian cells, and the general concept of receptor-mediated cargo sorting in COPII vesicles. On the basis of these general discussions, the current knowledge and recent developments specific to the beta cell COPII dependent ER export are summarized under normal and diabetic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Barrabi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Kezhong Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuequn Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Xuequn Chen,
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32
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Florance I, Ramasubbu S. Current Understanding on the Role of Lipids in Macrophages and Associated Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010589. [PMID: 36614031 PMCID: PMC9820199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism is the major intracellular mechanism driving a variety of cellular functions such as energy storage, hormone regulation and cell division. Lipids, being a primary component of the cell membrane, play a pivotal role in the survival of macrophages. Lipids are crucial for a variety of macrophage functions including phagocytosis, energy balance and ageing. However, functions of lipids in macrophages vary based on the site the macrophages are residing at. Lipid-loaded macrophages have recently been emerging as a hallmark for several diseases. This review discusses the significance of lipids in adipose tissue macrophages, tumor-associated macrophages, microglia and peritoneal macrophages. Accumulation of macrophages with impaired lipid metabolism is often characteristically observed in several metabolic disorders. Stress signals differentially regulate lipid metabolism. While conditions such as hypoxia result in accumulation of lipids in macrophages, stress signals such as nutrient deprivation initiate lipolysis and clearance of lipids. Understanding the biology of lipid accumulation in macrophages requires the development of potentially active modulators of lipid metabolism.
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33
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Huang CY, Chen HW, Lo CW, Wang YR, Li CC, Liu KL, Lii CK. Luteolin ameliorates palmitate-induced lipotoxicity in hepatocytes by mediating endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 171:113554. [PMID: 36509263 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal accumulation of lipids in liver leads to uncontrolled endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy. Luteolin is known to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties, but whether it protects against lipotoxicity in liver remains unclear. In this study, we challenged AML12 liver cells and mouse primary hepatocytes with palmitic acid (PA) with or without luteolin pretreatment. In the presence of PA, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was increased at 3 h, followed by enhancement of expression of p-PERK, ATF4, p-eIF2α, CHOP, and TXNIP (ER stress markers) and p-p62 and LC3II/LC3I ratio (autophagy markers), in both primary hepatocytes and AML12 cells. When PA treatment was extended up to 24 h, apoptosis was induced as evidenced by an increase in caspase-3 activation. RFP-GFP-LC3B transfection further revealed that the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes was damaged by PA. With luteolin treatment, the expression of antioxidant enzymes, i.e., heme oxygenase-1 and glutathione peroxidase, was upregulated, and PA-induced ROS production, ER stress, and cell death were dose-dependently ameliorated. Luteolin could also reverse the damage caused to autophagic flux. These results indicate that luteolin protects hepatocytes against PA assault by enhancing antioxidant defense, which can attenuate ER stress and autophagy as well as promote autophagic flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yin Huang
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Haw-Wen Chen
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Lo
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ru Wang
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chun Li
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Li Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chong-Kuei Lii
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Luo Y, Jiao Q, Chen Y. Targeting endoplasmic reticulum stress-the responder to lipotoxicity and modulator of non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:1073-1085. [PMID: 36657744 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2170780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress occurs with aberrant lipid accumulation and resultant adverse effects and widely exists in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR) to restore ER homeostasis and actively participates in NAFLD pathological processes, including hepatic steatosis, inflammation, hepatocyte death, and fibrosis. Such acknowledges drive the discovery of novel NAFLD biomarker and therapeutic targets and the development of ER-stress targeted NAFLD drugs. AREAS COVERED This article discusses and updates the role of ER stress and UPR in NAFLD, the underlying action mechanism, and especially their full participation in NAFLD pathophysiology. It characterizes key molecular targets useful for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD and highlights the recent ER stress-targeted therapeutic strategies for NAFLD. EXPERT OPINION Targeting ER Stress is a valuable and promising strategy for NAFLD treatment, but its smooth translation into clinical application still requires better clarification of the different UPR patterns in diverse NAFLD physiological states. Further understanding of the distinct effects of these various patterns on NAFLD, the thresholds deciding their final impacts, and their actions via non-liver tissues and cells would be of great help to develop a precise and effective therapy for NAFLD. [Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Qiangqiang Jiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yuping Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.,Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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35
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PPARα in the Epigenetic Driver Seat of NAFLD: New Therapeutic Opportunities for Epigenetic Drugs? Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123041. [PMID: 36551797 PMCID: PMC9775974 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing epidemic and the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. It consists of a spectrum of liver disorders ranging from simple steatosis to NASH which predisposes patients to further fibrosis, cirrhosis and even hepatocarcinoma. Despite much research, an approved treatment is still lacking. Finding new therapeutic targets has therefore been a main priority. Known as a main regulator of the lipid metabolism and highly expressed in the liver, the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) has been identified as an attractive therapeutic target. Since its expression is silenced by DNA hypermethylation in NAFLD patients, many research strategies have aimed to restore the expression of PPARα and its target genes involved in lipid metabolism. Although previously tested PPARα agonists did not ameliorate the disease, current research has shown that PPARα also interacts and regulates epigenetic DNMT1, JMJD3, TET and SIRT1 enzymes. Moreover, there is a growing body of evidence suggesting the orchestrating role of epigenetics in the development and progression of NAFLD. Therefore, current therapeutic strategies are shifting more towards epigenetic drugs. This review provides a concise overview of the epigenetic regulation of NAFLD with a focus on PPARα regulation and highlights recently identified epigenetic interaction partners of PPARα.
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36
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Gao L, Jin N, Ye Z, Ma T, Huang Y, Li H, Du J, Li Z. A possible connection between reactive oxygen species and the unfolded protein response in lens development: From insight to foresight. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:820949. [PMID: 36211466 PMCID: PMC9535091 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.820949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The lens is a relatively special and simple organ. It has become an ideal model to study the common developmental characteristics among different organic systems. Lens development is a complex process influenced by numerous factors, including signals from the intracellular and extracellular environment. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a group of highly reactive and oxygen-containing molecules that can cause endoplasmic reticulum stress in lens cells. As an adaptive response to ER stress, lens cells initiate the unfolded protein response (UPR) to maintain normal protein synthesis by selectively increasing/decreasing protein synthesis and increasing the degradation of misfolded proteins. Generally, the UPR signaling pathways have been well characterized in the context of many pathological conditions. However, recent studies have also confirmed that all three UPR signaling pathways participate in a variety of developmental processes, including those of the lens. In this review, we first briefly summarize the three stages of lens development and present the basic profiles of ROS and the UPR. We then discuss the interconnections between lens development and these two mechanisms. Additionally, the potential adoption of human pluripotent stem-cell-based lentoids in lens development research is proposed to provide a novel perspective on future developmental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixiong Gao
- Senior Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ni Jin
- Senior Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, The Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zi Ye
- Senior Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tianju Ma
- Senior Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Huang
- Senior Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Senior Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinlin Du
- Senior Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaohui Li
- Senior Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhaohui Li,
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37
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Polat SHB, Dariyerli ND. A Physiological Approach to Inflammatory Markers in Obesity. Biomark Med 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/9789815040463122010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the most critical health problems all over the world; it is
associated with metabolic dysfunction and overnutrition. Changes in the physiological
function of adipose tissue, leading to altered secretion of adipocytokines, inflammatory
mediators release, and chronic low-grade inflammation, are seen in obesity.
Macrophages, neutrophils, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, B cells, natural killer T (NKT)
cells, eosinophils, mast cells, and adipocytes are involved in the inflammatory response
that occurs during obesity. Various inflammatory markers are released from these cells.
In this chapter, we will mention inflammatory mechanisms and markers of obesity.
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38
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Yun YR, Lee JE. Alliin, capsaicin, and gingerol attenuate endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced hepatic steatosis in HepG2 cells and C57BL/6N mice. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Carvalho-Gontijo R, Han C, Zhang L, Zhang V, Hosseini M, Mekeel K, Schnabl B, Loomba R, Karin M, Brenner DA, Kisseleva T. Metabolic Injury of Hepatocytes Promotes Progression of NAFLD and AALD. Semin Liver Dis 2022; 42:233-249. [PMID: 36001995 PMCID: PMC9662188 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1755316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic liver disease is a component of metabolic syndrome associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and hyperlipidemia. Excessive alcohol consumption may accelerate the progression of steatosis, steatohepatitis, and fibrosis. While simple steatosis is considered a benign condition, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis with inflammation and fibrosis may progress to cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular cancer. Studies in rodent experimental models and primary cell cultures have demonstrated several common cellular and molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis and regression of liver fibrosis. Chronic injury and death of hepatocytes cause the recruitment of myeloid cells, secretion of inflammatory and fibrogenic cytokines, and activation of myofibroblasts, resulting in liver fibrosis. In this review, we discuss the role of metabolically injured hepatocytes in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and alcohol-associated liver disease. Specifically, the role of chemokine production and de novo lipogenesis in the development of steatotic hepatocytes and the pathways of steatosis regulation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Carvalho-Gontijo
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla
| | - Cuijuan Han
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla
| | - Vivian Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla
| | - Mojgan Hosseini
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla
| | - Kristin Mekeel
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla
| | - Rohit Loomba
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla
| | - Michael Karin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla
| | - David A. Brenner
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla
| | - Tatiana Kisseleva
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla,Corresponding author: Tatiana Kisseleva, 9500 Gilman Drive, #0063, La Jolla, California 92093, USA. Phone: 858.822.5339,
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40
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Alazawi W. Myeloid XBP1 links lipid overload with inflammation in NASH: Do advances in basic science have clinical potential? J Hepatol 2022; 77:290-292. [PMID: 35697581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William Alazawi
- Barts Liver Centre, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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41
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Zhou L, Shen H, Li X, Wang H. Endoplasmic reticulum stress in innate immune cells - a significant contribution to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:951406. [PMID: 35958574 PMCID: PMC9361020 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.951406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver disease and its complications affect millions of people worldwide. NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) is the liver disease associated with metabolic dysfunction and consists of four stages: steatosis with or without mild inflammation (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, and cirrhosis. With increased necroinflammation and progression of liver fibrosis, NAFLD may progress to cirrhosis or even hepatocellular carcinoma. Although the underlying mechanisms have not been clearly elucidated in detail, what is clear is that complex immune responses are involved in the pathogenesis of NASH, activation of the innate immune system is critically involved in triggering and amplifying hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in NAFLD/NASH. Additionally, disruption of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis in cells, also known as ER stress, triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR) which has been shown to be involved to inflammation and apoptosis. To further develop the prevention and treatment of NAFLD/NASH, it is imperative to clarify the relationship between NAFLD/NASH and innate immune cells and ER stress. As such, this review focuses on innate immune cells and their ER stress in the occurrence of NAFLD and the progression of cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Haiyuan Shen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Hua Wang,
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42
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Gremlin-1 Promotes Colorectal Cancer Cell Metastasis by Activating ATF6 and Inhibiting ATF4 Pathways. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142136. [PMID: 35883579 PMCID: PMC9324664 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell survival, function and fate strongly depend on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteostasis. Although previous studies have implicated the ER stress signaling network in all stages of cancer development, its role in cancer metastasis remains to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the role of Gremlin-1 (GREM1), a secreted protein, in the invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells in vitro and in vivo. Firstly, public datasets showed a positive correlation between high expression of GREM1 and a poor prognosis for CRC. Secondly, GREM1 enhanced motility and invasion of CRC cells by epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Thirdly, GREM1 upregulated expression of activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) and downregulated that of ATF4, and modulation of the two key players of the unfolded protein response (UPR) was possibly through activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR and antagonization of BMP2 signaling pathways, respectively. Taken together, our results demonstrate that GREM1 is an invasion-promoting factor via regulation of ATF6 and ATF4 expression in CRC cells, suggesting GREM1 may be a potential pharmacological target for colorectal cancer treatment.
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43
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Moayedfard Z, Sani F, Alizadeh A, Bagheri Lankarani K, Zarei M, Azarpira N. The role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and potential therapeutic impacts of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:242. [PMID: 35672797 PMCID: PMC9175371 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02929-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is characterized by intra-hepatocyte triglyceride accumulation and concomitant involvement of the immune system with subsequent histological changes, tissue damage, and clinical findings. There are various molecular pathways involved in the progression of NAFLD including lipotoxicity, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and the immune response. Both innate and adaptive immune systems are involved in the NAFLD pathogenesis, and crosstalk between the immune cells and liver cells participates in its initiation and progression. Among the various treatments for this disease, new cell based therapies have been proposed. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) (MSC-EVs) are new cell-free vehicles with low immunogenicity, which can suppress detrimental immune responses in inflamed tissues. This review aimed to express the immune system's molecular pathways associated with the initiation and progression of NAFLD. Then, the possible role of MSC-EVs in the treatment of this entity through immune response modulation was discussed. Finally, engineered EVs enhanced by specific therapeutic miRNA were suggested for alleviating the pathological cellular events in liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Moayedfard
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farnaz Sani
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Alizadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Zarei
- Renal Division, Brigham and Woman's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Khalili Street, P.O. Box: 7193711351, Shiraz, Iran.
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44
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Almanza A, Mnich K, Blomme A, Robinson CM, Rodriguez-Blanco G, Kierszniowska S, McGrath EP, Le Gallo M, Pilalis E, Swinnen JV, Chatziioannou A, Chevet E, Gorman AM, Samali A. Regulated IRE1α-dependent decay (RIDD)-mediated reprograming of lipid metabolism in cancer. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2493. [PMID: 35524156 PMCID: PMC9076827 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30159-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IRE1α is constitutively active in several cancers and can contribute to cancer progression. Activated IRE1α cleaves XBP1 mRNA, a key step in production of the transcription factor XBP1s. In addition, IRE1α cleaves select mRNAs through regulated IRE1α-dependent decay (RIDD). Accumulating evidence implicates IRE1α in the regulation of lipid metabolism. However, the roles of XBP1s and RIDD in this process remain ill-defined. In this study, transcriptome and lipidome profiling of triple negative breast cancer cells subjected to pharmacological inhibition of IRE1α reveals changes in lipid metabolism genes associated with accumulation of triacylglycerols (TAGs). We identify DGAT2 mRNA, encoding the rate-limiting enzyme in TAG biosynthesis, as a RIDD target. Inhibition of IRE1α, leads to DGAT2-dependent accumulation of TAGs in lipid droplets and sensitizes cells to nutritional stress, which is rescued by treatment with the DGAT2 inhibitor PF-06424439. Our results highlight the importance of IRE1α RIDD activity in reprograming cellular lipid metabolism. IRE1α cleaves several mRNAs upon accumulation of misfolded proteins. Here the authors show that active IRE1α cleaves DGAT2 mRNA encoding the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of triacylglycerols, suggesting a role of IRE1α in reprogramming lipid metabolism in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Almanza
- Apoptosis Research Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, H91 W2TY, Ireland.,School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, H91 W2TY, Ireland
| | - Katarzyna Mnich
- Apoptosis Research Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, H91 W2TY, Ireland.,School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, H91 W2TY, Ireland
| | - Arnaud Blomme
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Claire M Robinson
- Apoptosis Research Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, H91 W2TY, Ireland.,School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, H91 W2TY, Ireland
| | | | | | - Eoghan P McGrath
- Apoptosis Research Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, H91 W2TY, Ireland.,School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, H91 W2TY, Ireland
| | - Matthieu Le Gallo
- Inserm U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France.,Centre de lutte contre le cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | | | - Johannes V Swinnen
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, KU Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Aristotelis Chatziioannou
- e-NIOS Applications PC, 25 Alexandros Pantou str., 17671, Kallithea, Greece.,Center of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou str, 11527, Athens, GR, Greece
| | - Eric Chevet
- Inserm U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France.,Centre de lutte contre le cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Adrienne M Gorman
- Apoptosis Research Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, H91 W2TY, Ireland.,School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, H91 W2TY, Ireland
| | - Afshin Samali
- Apoptosis Research Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, H91 W2TY, Ireland. .,School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, H91 W2TY, Ireland.
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Bioinformatics study of the potential therapeutic effects of ginsenoside Rf in reversing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112879. [PMID: 35358801 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ginsenoside Rf, a tetracyclic triterpenoid only present in Panax ginseng, has been proven to relieve lipid metabolism and inflammatory reactions, which can be a potential treatment for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Therefore, this study aimed to reveal the underlying mechanisms of ginsenoside Rf in the treatment of early-stage NAFLD (NAFL) by using a bioinformatics method and biological experiments. METHODS Target genes associated with NAFL were screened from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, a database repository of high-throughput gene expression data and hybridization arrays, chips, and microarrays. Subsequently, gene set enrichment analysis was performed by using Gene Ontology enrichment analysis tool. Then, the binding capacity between ginsenoside Rf and NAFL-related targets was evaluated by molecular docking. Finally, the FFA-induced HepG2 cell model treated with ginsenoside Rf was adopted to verify the effect of ginsenoside Rf and the related mechanisms. RESULTS There were 41 common differentially expressed genes in the GEO dataset. Gene Ontology and Reactome pathway enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed genes showed that many pathways could be related to the pathogenesis of NAFL, including those participating in the cytokine-mediated signaling pathway, G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, and response to lipopolysaccharide. Finally, the qRT-PCR analysis results indicated that ginsenoside Rf therapy could ameliorate the transcription of ANXA2, BAZ1A, DNMT3L and MMP9. CONCLUSION Our research discovered the relevant mechanisms and basic pharmacological effects of ginsenoside Rf in the treatment of NAFL. These results might facilitate the development of ginsenoside Rf as an alternative medication for NAFL.
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Flessa C, Kyrou I, Nasiri‐Ansari N, Kaltsas G, Kassi E, Randeva HS. Endoplasmic reticulum stress in nonalcoholic (metabolic associated) fatty liver disease (NAFLD/MAFLD). J Cell Biochem 2022; 123:1585-1606. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina‐Maria Flessa
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM) University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust Coventry UK
| | - Ioannis Kyrou
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM) University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust Coventry UK
- Division of Translational and Experimental Medicine, Metabolic and Vascular Health, Warwick Medical School University of Warwick Coventry UK
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Research Institute for Health & Wellbeing Coventry University Coventry UK
- Aston Medical School, College of Health and Life Sciences Aston University Birmingham UK
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition Agricultural University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Narjes Nasiri‐Ansari
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Gregory Kaltsas
- Endocrine Unit, 1st Department of Propaedeutic and Internal Medicine, Laiko Hospital National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Eva Kassi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
- Endocrine Unit, 1st Department of Propaedeutic and Internal Medicine, Laiko Hospital National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Harpal S. Randeva
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM) University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust Coventry UK
- Division of Translational and Experimental Medicine, Metabolic and Vascular Health, Warwick Medical School University of Warwick Coventry UK
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Li Y, Huang S, Wang J, Dai J, Cai J, Yan S, Huang Z, He S, Wang P, Liu J, Liu Y. Phosphorylation at Ser 724 of the ER stress sensor IRE1α governs its activation state and limits ER stress-induced hepatosteatosis. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101997. [PMID: 35500653 PMCID: PMC9144033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) is an evolutionarily conserved sensor of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mediates a key branch of the unfolded protein response in eukaryotic cells. It is an ER-resident transmembrane protein that possesses Ser/Thr protein kinase and endoribonuclease (RNase) activities in its cytoplasmic region. IRE1 is activated through dimerization/oligomerization and autophosphorylation at multiple sites, acting through its RNase activity to restore the functional capacity of the ER. However, it remains poorly defined in vivo how the autophosphorylation events of endogenous IRE1 govern its dynamic activation and functional output. Here, we generated a mouse model harboring a S724A knock-in mutation (Ern1S724A/S724A) and investigated the importance of phosphorylation at Ser724 within the kinase activation loop of murine IRE1α. We found that in mouse embryonic fibroblast cells and in primary hepatocytes, S724A mutation resulted in markedly reduced IRE1α autophosphorylation in parallel with blunted activation of its RNase activity to catalyze X-box binding protein 1 (Xbp1) mRNA splicing. Furthermore, ablation of IRE1α phosphorylation at Ser724 exacerbated ER stress–induced hepatic steatosis in tunicamycin-treated Ern1S724A/S724A mice. This was accompanied by significantly decreased hepatic production of spliced XBP1 protein but increased CCAAT-enhancer–binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) level, along with suppressed expression of key metabolic regulators of fatty acid β-oxidation and lipid secretion. These results demonstrate a critical role of phosphorylation at Ser724 of IRE1α in dynamically controlling its kinase activity, and thus its autophosphorylation state, which is coupled to activation of its RNase activity in counteracting hepatic steatosis under ER stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences; Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism; and the Institute for Advanced Studies; Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shijia Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences; Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism; and the Institute for Advanced Studies; Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingsi Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences; Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism; and the Institute for Advanced Studies; Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianli Dai
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China, China
| | - Jie Cai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences; Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism; and the Institute for Advanced Studies; Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuai Yan
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Zhiliang Huang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Shengqi He
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences; Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism; and the Institute for Advanced Studies; Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Jianmiao Liu
- Cellular Signaling Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences; Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism; and the Institute for Advanced Studies; Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Kimura T, Kagami K, Sato A, Osaki A, Ito K, Horii S, Toya T, Masaki N, Yasuda R, Nagatomo Y, Adachi T. Sarco/Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca 2+ ATPase 2 Activator Ameliorates Endothelial Dysfunction; Insulin Resistance in Diabetic Mice. Cells 2022; 11:1488. [PMID: 35563793 PMCID: PMC9099866 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase2 (SERCA2) is impaired in various organs in animal models of diabetes. The purpose of this study was to test the effects of an allosteric SERCA2 activator (CDN1163) on glucose intolerance, hepatosteatosis, skeletal muscle function, and endothelial dysfunction in diabetic (db/db) mice. Methods: Either CDN1163 or vehicle was injected intraperitoneally into 16-week-old male control and db/db mice for 5 consecutive days. Results: SERCA2 protein expression was decreased in the aorta of db/db mice. In isometric tension measurements of aortic rings from db/db mice treated with CDN1163, acetylcholine (ACh)-induced relaxation was improved. In vivo intraperitoneal administrations of CDN 1163 also increased ACh-induced relaxation. Moreover, CDN1163 significantly decreased blood glucose in db/db mice at 60 and 120 min during a glucose tolerance test; it also decreased serum insulin levels, hepatosteatosis, and oxygen consumption in skeletal muscle during the early period of exercise in db/db mice. Conclusions: CDN1163 directly improved aortic endothelial dysfunction in db/db mice. Moreover, CDN1163 improved hepatosteatosis, skeletal muscle function, and insulin resistance in db/db mice. The activation of SERCA2 might be a strategy for the all the tissue expressed SERCA2a improvement of endothelial dysfunction and the target for the organs related to insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuji Nagatomo
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Japan; (T.K.); (K.K.); (A.S.); (A.O.); (K.I.); (S.H.); (T.T.); (N.M.); (R.Y.)
| | - Takeshi Adachi
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Japan; (T.K.); (K.K.); (A.S.); (A.O.); (K.I.); (S.H.); (T.T.); (N.M.); (R.Y.)
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Byun JH, Lebeau PF, Platko K, Carlisle RE, Faiyaz M, Chen J, MacDonald ME, Makda Y, Yousof T, Lynn EG, Dickhout JG, Krepinsky JC, Weaver F, Igdoura SA, Seidah NG, Austin RC. Inhibitory Antibodies against PCSK9 Reduce Surface CD36 and Mitigate Diet-Induced Renal Lipotoxicity. KIDNEY360 2022; 3:1394-1410. [PMID: 36176646 PMCID: PMC9416829 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0007022021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background PCSK9 modulates the uptake of circulating lipids through a range of receptors, including the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and CD36. In the kidney, CD36 is known to contribute to renal injury through pro-inflammatory and -fibrotic pathways. In this study, we sought to investigate the role of PCSK9 in modulating renal lipid accumulation and injury through CD36 using a high fat diet (HFD)-induced murine model. Methods The effect of PCSK9 on the expression of CD36 and intracellular accumulation of lipid was examined in cultured renal cells and in the kidneys of male C57BL/6J mice. The effect of these findings was subsequently explored in a model of HFD-induced renal injury in Pcsk9 -/- and Pcsk9 +/+ littermate control mice on a C57BL/6J background. Results In the absence of PCSK9, we observed heightened CD36 expression levels, which increased free fatty acid (FFA) uptake in cultured renal tubular cells. As a result, PCSK9 deficiency was associated with an increase in long-chain saturated FFA-induced ER stress. Consistent with these observations, Pcsk9-/- mice fed a HFD displayed elevated ER stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and renal injury relative to HFD-fed control mice. In contrast to Pcsk9-/- mice, pretreatment of WT C57BL/6J mice with evolocumab, an anti-PCSK9 monoclonal antibody (mAb) that binds to and inhibits the function of circulating PCSK9, protected against HFD-induced renal injury in association with reducing cell surface CD36 expression on renal epithelia. Conclusions We report that circulating PCSK9 modulates renal lipid uptake in a manner dependent on renal CD36. In the context of increased dietary fat consumption, the absence of circulating PCSK9 may promote renal lipid accumulation and subsequent renal injury. However, although the administration of evolocumab blocks the interaction of PCSK9 with the LDLR, this evolocumab/PCSK9 complex can still bind CD36, thereby protecting against HFD-induced renal lipotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyun Byun
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe’s Hamilton and The Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Paul F. Lebeau
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe’s Hamilton and The Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Khrystyna Platko
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe’s Hamilton and The Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Rachel E. Carlisle
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe’s Hamilton and The Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Mahi Faiyaz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe’s Hamilton and The Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Jack Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe’s Hamilton and The Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Melissa E. MacDonald
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe’s Hamilton and The Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Yumna Makda
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe’s Hamilton and The Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Tamana Yousof
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe’s Hamilton and The Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Edward G. Lynn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe’s Hamilton and The Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Jeffrey G. Dickhout
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe’s Hamilton and The Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Joan C. Krepinsky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe’s Hamilton and The Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Fiona Weaver
- Department of Biology and Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Suleiman A. Igdoura
- Department of Biology and Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Nabil G. Seidah
- Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Richard C. Austin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe’s Hamilton and The Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Canada
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Dietary Choline Alleviates High-Fat Diet-Induced Hepatic Lipid Dysregulation via UPRmt Modulated by SIRT3-Mediated mtHSP70 Deacetylation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084204. [PMID: 35457022 PMCID: PMC9025889 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is known as a conservative mechanism in response to mitochondrial dysfunction. Thus, based on UPRmt, this study was conducted to determine the mechanism of a high-fat diet (HFD) inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and its role in stimulating hepatic lipid dysregulation. The choline-activated alleviating effect was also evaluated. In vivo, yellow catfish were fed three diets (control, HFD, and HFD + choline diet) for 10 weeks. In vitro, hepatocytes isolated from yellow catfish and the HepG2 cell line were cultured and incubated with fatty acid (FA) for 48 h. (1) HFD-induced mitochondrial dysfunction via SIRT3/mtHSP70-mediated UPRmt. HFD inhibited the subcellular localization of SIRT3 into the mitochondrion, resulting in the up-regulating of mtHSP70 acetylation via lysine residues 493 and 507. The mtHSP70 acetylation promoted the stability of mtHSP70, which then led to the UPRmt and further mitochondrial dysfunction. (2) SIRT3/mtHSP70-mediated UPRmt regulated HFD/FA-induced hepatic lipid dysregulation. SIRT3/mtHSP70-mediated UPRmt reduced FA ß-oxidation via mitochondrial dysfunction and then led to lipid dysregulation. Additionally, the mtHSP70-ACOX1 interaction was confirmed. (3) Choline alleviated HFD-induced UPRmt via up-regulating the localization of SIRT3 into the mitochondrion, which in turn led to the subsequent ameliorating effect on HFD-induced hepatic lipid dysregulation. Through SIRT3-mediated mtHSP70 deacetylation, dietary choline alleviates HFD-induced hepatic lipid dysregulation via UPRmt. This provides the first proof of acetylation regulating UPRmt and the crosstalk between UPRmt and FA ß-oxidation.
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