1
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Iga T, Kobayashi H, Kusumoto D, Sanosaka T, Fujita N, Tai-Nagara I, Ando T, Takahashi T, Matsuo K, Hozumi K, Ito K, Ema M, Miyamoto T, Matsumoto M, Nakamura M, Okano H, Shibata S, Kohyama J, Kim KK, Takubo K, Kubota Y. Spatial heterogeneity of bone marrow endothelial cells unveils a distinct subtype in the epiphysis. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:1415-1425. [PMID: 37798545 PMCID: PMC10567563 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01240-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow endothelial cells (BMECs) play a key role in bone formation and haematopoiesis. Although recent studies uncovered the cellular taxonomy of stromal compartments in the bone marrow (BM), the complexity of BMECs is not fully characterized. In the present study, using single-cell RNA sequencing, we defined a spatial heterogeneity of BMECs and identified a capillary subtype, termed type S (secondary ossification) endothelial cells (ECs), exclusively existing in the epiphysis. Type S ECs possessed unique phenotypic characteristics in terms of structure, plasticity and gene expression profiles. Genetic experiments showed that type S ECs atypically contributed to the acquisition of bone strength by secreting type I collagen, the most abundant bone matrix component. Moreover, these cells formed a distinct reservoir for haematopoietic stem cells. These findings provide the landscape for the cellular architecture in the BM vasculature and underscore the importance of epiphyseal ECs during bone and haematopoietic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Iga
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Dai Kusumoto
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Sanosaka
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Fujita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ikue Tai-Nagara
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Ando
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Takahashi
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Matsuo
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuto Hozumi
- Department of Immunology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanawaga, Japan
| | - Kosei Ito
- Department of Molecular Bone Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Ema
- Department of Stem Cells and Human Disease Models, Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miyamoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Morio Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Shibata
- Division of Microscopic Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Jun Kohyama
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kevin K Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Keiyo Takubo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yoshiaki Kubota
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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2
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Deng ZH, Zhong J, Jiang HL, Jeong HW, Chen JW, Shu YH, Tan M, Adams RH, Xie KP, Chen Q, Liu Y. Antipsychotic drugs induce vascular defects in hematopoietic organs. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22538. [PMID: 36065631 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200862r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Antipsychotic agents are clinically utilized to treat schizophrenia and other mental disorders. These drugs induce neurological and metabolic side effects, but their influence on blood vessels remains largely unknown. Here, we show that haloperidol, one of the most frequently prescribed antipsychotic agents, induces vascular defects in bone marrow. Acute haloperidol treatment results in vascular dilation that is specific to hematopoietic organs. This vessel dilation is associated with disruption of hematopoiesis and hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), both of which are reversible after haloperidol withdrawal. Mechanistically, haloperidol treatment blocked the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) from HSPCs. Genetic blockade of VEGF-A secretion from hematopoietic cells or inhibition of VEGFR2 in endothelial cells result in similar vessel dilation in bone marrow during regeneration after irradiation and transplantation. Conversely, VEGF-A gain of function rescues the bone marrow vascular defects induced by haloperidol treatment and irradiation. Our work reveals an unknown effect of antipsychotic agents on the vasculature and hematopoiesis with potential implications for drug application in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Hua Deng
- Center for cell lineage and development, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine
- GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre
- GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhong
- Center for cell lineage and development, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine
- GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre
- GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Lin Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hyun-Woo Jeong
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jian-Wei Chen
- Center for cell lineage and development, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine
- GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre
- GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, China.,Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Ya-Hai Shu
- Center for cell lineage and development, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine
- GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre
- GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Tan
- Center for cell lineage and development, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine
- GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre
- GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ralf H Adams
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ke-Ping Xie
- Department of Pathology and Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Center for cell lineage and development, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine
- GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre
- GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre
- NHC Key Laboratory of biotechnology drugs
- Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pathology and Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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3
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Menzel L, Zschummel M, Crowley T, Franke V, Grau M, Ulbricht C, Hauser A, Siffrin V, Bajénoff M, Acton SE, Akalin A, Lenz G, Willimsky G, Höpken UE, Rehm A. Lymphocyte access to lymphoma is impaired by high endothelial venule regression. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109878. [PMID: 34706240 PMCID: PMC8567313 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood endothelial cells display remarkable plasticity depending on the demands of a malignant microenvironment. While studies in solid tumors focus on their role in metabolic adaptations, formation of high endothelial venules (HEVs) in lymph nodes extends their role to the organization of immune cell interactions. As a response to lymphoma growth, blood vessel density increases; however, the fate of HEVs remains elusive. Here, we report that lymphoma causes severe HEV regression in mouse models that phenocopies aggressive human B cell lymphomas. HEV dedifferentiation occurrs as a consequence of a disrupted lymph-carrying conduit system. Mechanosensitive fibroblastic reticular cells then deregulate CCL21 migration paths, followed by deterioration of dendritic cell proximity to HEVs. Loss of this crosstalk deprives HEVs of lymphotoxin-β-receptor (LTβR) signaling, which is indispensable for their differentiation and lymphocyte transmigration. Collectively, this study reveals a remodeling cascade of the lymph node microenvironment that is detrimental for immune cell trafficking in lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Menzel
- Translational Tumorimmunology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin, Germany, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Zschummel
- Microenvironmental Regulation in Autoimmunity and Cancer, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tadhg Crowley
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin, Germany, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Vedran Franke
- Bioinformatics & Omics Data Science Platform, BIMSB at Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Grau
- Medical Department A for Hematology, Oncology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Carolin Ulbricht
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, and Immune Dynamics, Deutsches Rheumaforschungszentrum Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Hauser
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, and Immune Dynamics, Deutsches Rheumaforschungszentrum Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Siffrin
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin, Germany, 13125 Berlin, Germany; Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marc Bajénoff
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Sophie E Acton
- Stromal Immunology Group, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, UK
| | - Altuna Akalin
- Bioinformatics & Omics Data Science Platform, BIMSB at Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg Lenz
- Medical Department A for Hematology, Oncology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Gerald Willimsky
- Institute of Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany; German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, partner site Berlin, Germany
| | - Uta E Höpken
- Microenvironmental Regulation in Autoimmunity and Cancer, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Armin Rehm
- Translational Tumorimmunology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin, Germany, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
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4
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Cordes S, Wu C, Dunbar CE. Clonal tracking of haematopoietic cells: insights and clinical implications. Br J Haematol 2021; 192:819-831. [PMID: 33216985 PMCID: PMC9927566 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in high-throughput genomics have enabled the direct tracking of outputs from many cell types, greatly accelerating the study of developmental processes and tissue regeneration. The capacity for long-term self-renewal with multilineage differentiation potential characterises the cellular dynamics of a special set of developmental states that are critical for maintaining homeostasis. In haematopoiesis, the archetypal model for development, lineage-tracing experiments have elucidated the roles of haematopoietic stem cells to ongoing blood production and the importance of long-lived immune cells to immunological memory. An understanding of the biology and clonal dynamics of these cellular fates and states can provide clues to the response of haematopoiesis to ageing, the process of malignant transformation, and are key to designing more efficacious and durable clinical gene and cellular therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Cordes
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Bethesda MD USA
| | - Chuanfeng Wu
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Bethesda MD USA
| | - Cynthia E. Dunbar
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Bethesda MD USA
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5
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Stucker S, Chen J, Watt FE, Kusumbe AP. Bone Angiogenesis and Vascular Niche Remodeling in Stress, Aging, and Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:602269. [PMID: 33324652 PMCID: PMC7726257 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.602269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) vascular niche microenvironments harbor stem and progenitor cells of various lineages. Bone angiogenesis is distinct and involves tissue-specific signals. The nurturing vascular niches in the BM are complex and heterogenous consisting of distinct vascular and perivascular cell types that provide crucial signals for the maintenance of stem and progenitor cells. Growing evidence suggests that the BM niche is highly sensitive to stress. Aging, inflammation and other stress factors induce changes in BM niche cells and their crosstalk with tissue cells leading to perturbed hematopoiesis, bone angiogenesis and bone formation. Defining vascular niche remodeling under stress conditions will improve our understanding of the BM vascular niche and its role in homeostasis and disease. Therefore, this review provides an overview of the current understanding of the BM vascular niches for hematopoietic stem cells and their malfunction during aging, bone loss diseases, arthritis and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Stucker
- Tissue and Tumor Microenvironments Group, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Junyu Chen
- Tissue and Tumor Microenvironments Group, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fiona E. Watt
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anjali P. Kusumbe
- Tissue and Tumor Microenvironments Group, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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6
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Chen J, Hendriks M, Chatzis A, Ramasamy SK, Kusumbe AP. Bone Vasculature and Bone Marrow Vascular Niches in Health and Disease. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:2103-2120. [PMID: 32845550 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bone vasculature and bone marrow vascular niches supply oxygen, nutrients, and secrete angiocrine factors required for the survival, maintenance, and self-renewal of stem and progenitor cells. In the skeletal system, vasculature creates nurturing niches for bone and blood-forming stem cells. Blood vessels regulate hematopoiesis and drive bone formation during development, repair, and regeneration. Dysfunctional vascular niches induce skeletal aging, bone diseases, and hematological disorders. Recent cellular and molecular characterization of the bone marrow microenvironment has provided unprecedented insights into the complexity, heterogeneity, and functions of the bone vasculature and vascular niches. The bone vasculature is composed of distinct vessel subtypes that differentially regulate osteogenesis, hematopoiesis, and disease conditions in bones. Further, bone marrow vascular niches supporting stem cells are often complex microenvironments involving multiple different cell populations and vessel subtypes. This review provides an overview of the emerging vascular cell heterogeneity in bone and the new roles of the bone vasculature and associated vascular niches in health and disease. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Chen
- Tissue and Tumor Microenvironments Group, The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michelle Hendriks
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alexandros Chatzis
- Tissue and Tumor Microenvironments Group, The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Saravana K Ramasamy
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anjali P Kusumbe
- Tissue and Tumor Microenvironments Group, The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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7
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Kurenkova AD, Medvedeva EV, Newton PT, Chagin AS. Niches for Skeletal Stem Cells of Mesenchymal Origin. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:592. [PMID: 32754592 PMCID: PMC7366157 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With very few exceptions, all adult tissues in mammals are maintained and can be renewed by stem cells that self-renew and generate the committed progeny required. These functions are regulated by a specific and in many ways unique microenvironment in stem cell niches. In most cases disruption of an adult stem cell niche leads to depletion of stem cells, followed by impairment of the ability of the tissue in question to maintain its functions. The presence of stem cells, often referred to as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or multipotent bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), in the adult skeleton has long been realized. In recent years there has been exceptional progress in identifying and characterizing BMSCs in terms of their capacity to generate specific types of skeletal cells in vivo. Such BMSCs are often referred to as skeletal stem cells (SSCs) or skeletal stem and progenitor cells (SSPCs), with the latter term being used throughout this review. SSPCs have been detected in the bone marrow, periosteum, and growth plate and characterized in vivo on the basis of various genetic markers (i.e., Nestin, Leptin receptor, Gremlin1, Cathepsin-K, etc.). However, the niches in which these cells reside have received less attention. Here, we summarize the current scientific literature on stem cell niches for the SSPCs identified so far and discuss potential factors and environmental cues of importance in these niches in vivo. In this context we focus on (i) articular cartilage, (ii) growth plate cartilage, (iii) periosteum, (iv) the adult endosteal compartment, and (v) the developing endosteal compartment, in that order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia D Kurenkova
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V Medvedeva
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Phillip T Newton
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrei S Chagin
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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8
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Vodyanoy V, Pustovyy O, Globa L, Kulesza RJ, Sorokulova I. Hemmule: A Novel Structure with the Properties of the Stem Cell Niche. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020539. [PMID: 31947705 PMCID: PMC7013657 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are nurtured and regulated by a specialized microenvironment known as stem cell niche. While the functions of the niches are well defined, their structure and location remain unclear. We have identified, in rat bone marrow, the seat of hematopoietic stem cells—extensively vascularized node-like compartments that fit the requirements for stem cell niche and that we called hemmules. Hemmules are round or oval structures of about one millimeter in diameter that are surrounded by a fine capsule, have afferent and efferent vessels, are filled with the extracellular matrix and mesenchymal, hematopoietic, endothelial stem cells, and contain cells of the megakaryocyte family, which are known for homeostatic quiescence and contribution to the bone marrow environment. We propose that hemmules are the long sought hematopoietic stem cell niches and that they are prototypical of stem cell niches in other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly Vodyanoy
- Department Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (O.P.); (L.G.); (I.S.)
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-334-826-9894
| | - Oleg Pustovyy
- Department Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (O.P.); (L.G.); (I.S.)
| | - Ludmila Globa
- Department Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (O.P.); (L.G.); (I.S.)
| | - Randy J. Kulesza
- Department of Anatomy, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, PA 16509, USA;
| | - Iryna Sorokulova
- Department Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (O.P.); (L.G.); (I.S.)
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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9
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Human multipotent hematopoietic progenitor cell expansion is neither supported in endothelial and endothelial/mesenchymal co-cultures nor in NSG mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12914. [PMID: 31501490 PMCID: PMC6733927 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49221-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial and mesenchymal stromal cells (ECs/MSCs) are crucial components of hematopoietic bone marrow stem cell niches. Both cell types appear to be required to support the maintenance and expansion of multipotent hematopoietic cells, i.e. hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and multipotent progenitors (MPPs). With the aim to exploit niche cell properties for experimental and potential clinical applications, we analyzed the potential of primary ECs alone and in combination with MSCs to support the ex vivo expansion/maintenance of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Even though a massive expansion of total CD34+ HSPCs was observed, none of the tested culture conditions supported the expansion or maintenance of multipotent HSPCs. Instead, mainly lympho-myeloid primed progenitors (LMPPs) were expanded. Similarly, following transplantation into immunocompromised mice the percentage of multipotent HSPCs within the engrafted HSPC population was significantly decreased compared to the original graft. Consistent with the in vitro findings, a bias towards lympho-myeloid lineage potentials was observed. In our conditions, neither classical co-cultures of HSPCs with primary ECs or MSCs, even in combination, nor the xenograft environment in immunocompromised mice efficiently support the expansion of multipotent HSPCs. Instead, enhanced expansion and a consistent bias towards lympho-myeloid committed LMPPs were observed.
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10
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Flynn MC, Pernes G, Lee MKS, Nagareddy PR, Murphy AJ. Monocytes, Macrophages, and Metabolic Disease in Atherosclerosis. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:666. [PMID: 31249530 PMCID: PMC6584106 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a lipid-driven chronic inflammatory disease, in which macrophages are responsible for taking up these lipids and driving disease progression. Over the years, we and others have uncovered key pathways that regulate macrophage number/function and identified how metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity, which are common risk factors for CVD, exacerbate these pathways. This ultimately accelerates the progression of atherosclerosis and hinders atherosclerotic regression. In this review, we discuss the different types of macrophages, from monocyte-derived macrophages, local macrophage proliferation, to macrophage-like vascular smooth muscle cells, that contribute to atherosclerosis as well as myeloid-derived suppressor cells that may have anti-atherogenic effects. We will also discuss how diabetes and obesity influence plaque macrophage accumulation and monocyte production (myelopoiesis) to promote atherogenesis as well as an exciting therapeutic target, S100A8/A9, which mediates myelopoiesis in response to both diabetes and obesity, shown to be effective in reducing atherosclerosis in pre-clinical models of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C Flynn
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gerard Pernes
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Man Kit Sam Lee
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Prabhakara R Nagareddy
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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11
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McCann JV, Xiao L, Kim DJ, Khan OF, Kowalski PS, Anderson DG, Pecot CV, Azam SH, Parker JS, Tsai YS, Wolberg AS, Turner SD, Tatsumi K, Mackman N, Dudley AC. Endothelial miR-30c suppresses tumor growth via inhibition of TGF-β-induced Serpine1. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:1654-1670. [PMID: 30855280 DOI: 10.1172/jci123106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In tumors, extravascular fibrin forms provisional scaffolds for endothelial cell (EC) growth and motility during angiogenesis. We report that fibrin-mediated angiogenesis was inhibited and tumor growth delayed following postnatal deletion of Tgfbr2 in the endothelium of Cdh5-CreERT2 Tgfbr2fl/fl mice (Tgfbr2iECKO mice). ECs from Tgfbr2iECKO mice failed to upregulate the fibrinolysis inhibitor plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (Serpine1, also known as PAI-1), due in part to uncoupled TGF-β-mediated suppression of miR-30c. Bypassing TGF-β signaling with vascular tropic nanoparticles that deliver miR-30c antagomiRs promoted PAI-1-dependent tumor growth and increased fibrin abundance, whereas miR-30c mimics inhibited tumor growth and promoted vascular-directed fibrinolysis in vivo. Using single-cell RNA-Seq and a NanoString miRNA array, we also found that subtypes of ECs in tumors showed spectrums of Serpine1 and miR-30c expression levels, suggesting functional diversity in ECs at the level of individual cells; indeed, fresh EC isolates from lung and mammary tumor models had differential abilities to degrade fibrin and launch new vessel sprouts, a finding that was linked to their inverse expression patterns of miR-30c and Serpine1 (i.e., miR-30chi Serpine1lo ECs were poorly angiogenic and miR-30clo Serpine1hi ECs were highly angiogenic). Thus, by balancing Serpine1 expression in ECs downstream of TGF-β, miR-30c functions as a tumor suppressor in the tumor microenvironment through its ability to promote fibrin degradation and inhibit blood vessel formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James V McCann
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lin Xiao
- Children's Cancer Institute, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dae Joong Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Omar F Khan
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).,Department of Chemical Engineering
| | - Piotr S Kowalski
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
| | - Daniel G Anderson
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).,Department of Chemical Engineering.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, and.,Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chad V Pecot
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center.,School of Medicine
| | | | - Joel S Parker
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center.,School of Medicine.,Department of Genetics, and
| | | | - Alisa S Wolberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UNC McAllister Heart Institute, UNC at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stephen D Turner
- Department of Public Health Sciences, and.,Bioinformatics Core, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Kohei Tatsumi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, UNC McAllister Heart Institute, UNC at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nigel Mackman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, UNC McAllister Heart Institute, UNC at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Andrew C Dudley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Emily Couric Cancer Center, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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12
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Balzano M, De Grandis M, Vu Manh TP, Chasson L, Bardin F, Farina A, Sergé A, Bidaut G, Charbord P, Hérault L, Bailly AL, Cartier-Michaud A, Boned A, Dalod M, Duprez E, Genever P, Coles M, Bajenoff M, Xerri L, Aurrand-Lions M, Schiff C, Mancini SJ. Nidogen-1 Contributes to the Interaction Network Involved in Pro-B Cell Retention in the Peri-sinusoidal Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niche. Cell Rep 2019; 26:3257-3271.e8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.02.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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13
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Tjin G, Flores-Figueroa E, Duarte D, Straszkowski L, Scott M, Khorshed RA, Purton LE, Lo Celso C. Imaging methods used to study mouse and human HSC niches: Current and emerging technologies. Bone 2019; 119:19-35. [PMID: 29704697 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow contains numerous different cell types arising from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and non-hematopoietic mesenchymal/skeletal stem cells, in addition to other cell types such as endothelial cells- these non-hematopoietic cells are commonly referred to as stromal cells or microenvironment cells. HSC function is intimately linked to complex signals integrated by their niches, formed by combinations of hematopoietic and stromal cells. Studies of hematopoietic cells have been significantly advanced by flow cytometry methods, enabling the quantitation of each cell type in normal and perturbed situations, in addition to the isolation of these cells for molecular and functional studies. Less is known, however, about the specific niches for distinct developing hematopoietic lineages, or the changes occurring in the niche size and function in these distinct anatomical sites in the bone marrow under stress situations and ageing. Significant advances in imaging technology during the last decade have permitted studies of HSC niches in mice. Additional imaging technologies are emerging that will facilitate the study of human HSC niches in trephine BM biopsies. Here we provide an overview of imaging technologies used to study HSC niches, in addition to highlighting emerging technology that will help us to more precisely identify and characterize HSC niches in normal and diseased states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Tjin
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eugenia Flores-Figueroa
- Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center Century XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Delfim Duarte
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, London, UK; The Sir Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Lenny Straszkowski
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark Scott
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, London, UK; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Reema A Khorshed
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Louise E Purton
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine at St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Cristina Lo Celso
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, London, UK; The Sir Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
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14
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Older Human B Cells and Antibodies. HANDBOOK OF IMMUNOSENESCENCE 2019. [PMCID: PMC7121151 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-99375-1_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
B cells have a number of different roles in the immune response. Their excellent antigen presentation potential can contribute to the activation of other cells of the immune system, and evidence is emerging that specialized subsets of these cells, that may be increased with age, can influence the cell-mediated immune system in antitumor responses. They can also regulate immune responses, to avoid autoreactivity and excessive inflammation. Deficiencies in regulatory B cells may be beneficial in cancer but will only exacerbate the inflammatory environment that is a hallmark of aging. The B cell role as antibody producers is particularly important, since antibodies perform numerous different functions in different environments. Although studying tissue responses in humans is not as easy as in mice, we do know that certain classes of antibodies are more suited to protecting the mucosal tissues (IgA) or responding to T-independent bacterial polysaccharide antigens (IgG2) so we can make some inference with respect to tissue-specific immunity from a study of peripheral blood. We can also make inferences about changes in B cell development with age by looking at the repertoire of different B cell populations to see how age affects the selection events that would normally occur to avoid autoreactivity, or increase specificity, to antigen.
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15
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Stegen S, Carmeliet G. The skeletal vascular system - Breathing life into bone tissue. Bone 2018; 115:50-58. [PMID: 28844835 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
During bone development, homeostasis and repair, a dense vascular system provides oxygen and nutrients to highly anabolic skeletal cells. Characteristic for the vascular system in bone is the serial organization of two capillary systems, each typified by specific morphological and physiological features. Especially the arterial capillaries mediate the growth of the bone vascular system, serve as a niche for skeletal and hematopoietic progenitors and couple angiogenesis to osteogenesis. Endothelial cells and osteoprogenitor cells interact not only physically, but also communicate to each other by secretion of growth factors. A vital angiogenic growth factor is vascular endothelial growth factor and its expression in skeletal cells is controlled by osteogenic transcription factors and hypoxia signaling, whereas the secretion of angiocrine factors by endothelial cells is regulated by Notch signaling, blood flow and possibly hypoxia. Bone loss and impaired fracture repair are often associated with reduced and disorganized blood vessel network and therapeutic targeting of the angiogenic response may contribute to enhanced bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Stegen
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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16
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Guy A, Gourdou-Latyszenok V, Le Lay N, Peghaire C, Kilani B, Dias JV, Duplaa C, Renault MA, Denis C, Villeval JL, Boulaftali Y, Jandrot-Perrus M, Couffinhal T, James C. Vascular endothelial cell expression of JAK2 V617F is sufficient to promote a pro-thrombotic state due to increased P-selectin expression. Haematologica 2018; 104:70-81. [PMID: 30171023 PMCID: PMC6312008 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.195321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombosis is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with JAK2V617F myeloproliferative neoplasms. Recent studies have reported the presence of JAK2V617F in endothelial cells of some patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms. We investigated the role of endothelial cells that express JAK2V617F in thrombus formation using an in vitro model of human endothelial cells overexpressing JAK2V617F and an in vivo model of mice with endothelial-specific JAK2V617F expression. Interestingly, these mice displayed a higher propensity for thrombus. When deciphering the mechanisms by which JAK2V617F-expressing endothelial cells promote thrombosis, we observed that they have a pro-adhesive phenotype associated with increased endothelial P-selectin exposure, secondary to degranulation of Weibel-Palade bodies. We demonstrated that P-selectin blockade was sufficient to reduce the increased propensity of thrombosis. Moreover, treatment with hydroxyurea also reduced thrombosis and decreased the pathological interaction between leukocytes and JAK2V617F-expressing endothelial cells through direct reduction of endothelial P-selectin expression. Taken together, our data provide evidence that JAK2V617F-expressing endothelial cells promote thrombosis through induction of endothelial P-selectin expression, which can be reversed by hydroxyurea. Our findings increase our understanding of thrombosis in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms, at least those with JAK2V617F-positive endothelial cells, and highlight a new role for hydroxyurea. This novel finding provides the proof of concept that an acquired genetic mutation can affect the pro-thrombotic nature of endothelial cells, suggesting that other mutations in endothelial cells could be causal in thrombotic disorders of unknown cause, which account for 50% of recurrent venous thromboses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Guy
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, UMR1034, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pessac
| | | | | | - Claire Peghaire
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, UMR1034, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pessac
| | - Badr Kilani
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, UMR1034, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pessac
| | | | - Cécile Duplaa
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, UMR1034, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pessac
| | - Marie-Ange Renault
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, UMR1034, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pessac
| | - Cécile Denis
- Inserm U1176, Hemostasis Inflammation Thrombosis, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre
| | | | | | | | - Thierry Couffinhal
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, UMR1034, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pessac.,CHU de Bordeaux, Service des Maladies Cardiaques et Vasculaires, Pessac
| | - Chloe James
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, UMR1034, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pessac .,CHU de Bordeaux, Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Pessac, France
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17
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Murine Bone Marrow Niches from Hematopoietic Stem Cells to B Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082353. [PMID: 30103411 PMCID: PMC6121419 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
After birth, the development of hematopoietic cells occurs in the bone marrow. Hematopoietic differentiation is finely tuned by cell-intrinsic mechanisms and lineage-specific transcription factors. However, it is now clear that the bone marrow microenvironment plays an essential role in the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and their differentiation into more mature lineages. Mesenchymal and endothelial cells contribute to a protective microenvironment called hematopoietic niches that secrete specific factors and establish a direct contact with developing hematopoietic cells. A number of recent studies have addressed in mouse models the specific molecular events that are involved in the cellular crosstalk between hematopoietic subsets and their niches. This has led to the concept that hematopoietic differentiation and commitment towards a given hematopoietic pathway is a dynamic process controlled at least partially by the bone marrow microenvironment. In this review, we discuss the evolving view of murine hematopoietic–stromal cell crosstalk that is involved in HSC maintenance and commitment towards B cell differentiation.
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18
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Eltoukhy HS, Sinha G, Moore CA, Gergues M, Rameshwar P. Secretome within the bone marrow microenvironment: A basis for mesenchymal stem cell treatment and role in cancer dormancy. Biochimie 2018; 155:92-103. [PMID: 29859990 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The secretome produced by cells within the bone marrow is significant to homeostasis. The bone marrow, a well-studied organ, has multiple niches with distinct roles for supporting stem cell functions. Thus, an understanding of mediators involved in the regulation of stem cells could serve as a model for clinical problems and solutions such as tissue repair and regeneration. The exosome secretome of bone marrow stem cells is a developing area of research with respect to the regenerative potential by bone marrow cell, particularly the mesenchymal stem cells. The bone marrow niche regulates endogenous processes such as hematopoiesis but could also support the survival of tumors such as facilitating the cancer stem cells to exist in dormancy for decades. The bone marrow-derived secretome will be critical to future development of therapeutic strategies for oncologic diseases, in addition to regenerative medicine. This article discusses the importance for parallel studies to determine how the same secretome may compromise safety during the use of stem cells in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussam S Eltoukhy
- Department of Medicine - Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Garima Sinha
- Department of Medicine - Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Caitlyn A Moore
- Department of Medicine - Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Marina Gergues
- Department of Medicine - Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Pranela Rameshwar
- Department of Medicine - Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
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19
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Long-Term Engraftment of Primary Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Repairs Niche Damage and Improves Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Cell Stem Cell 2018; 21:241-255.e6. [PMID: 28777945 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation represents a curative treatment for various hematological disorders. However, delayed reconstitution of innate and adaptive immunity often causes fatal complications. HSC maintenance and lineage differentiation are supported by stromal niches, and we now find that bone marrow stroma cells (BMSCs) are severely and permanently damaged by the pre-conditioning irradiation required for efficient HSC transplantation. Using mouse models, we show that stromal insufficiency limits the number of donor-derived HSCs and B lymphopoiesis. Intra-bone transplantation of primary, but not cultured, BMSCs quantitatively reconstitutes stroma function in vivo, which is mediated by a multipotent NT5E+ (CD73)+ ENG- (CD105)- LY6A+ (SCA1)+ BMSC subpopulation. BMSC co-transplantation doubles the number of functional, donor-derived HSCs and significantly reduces clinically relevant side effects associated with HSC transplantation including neutropenia and humoral immunodeficiency. These data demonstrate the potential of stroma recovery to improve HSC transplantation.
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20
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Susek KH, Korpos E, Huppert J, Wu C, Savelyeva I, Rosenbauer F, Müller-Tidow C, Koschmieder S, Sorokin L. Bone marrow laminins influence hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell cycling and homing to the bone marrow. Matrix Biol 2018; 67:47-62. [PMID: 29360499 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) functions are regulated by a specialized microenvironment in the bone marrow - the hematopoietic stem cell niche - of which the extracellular matrix (ECM) is an integral component. We describe here the localization of ECM molecules, in particular the laminin α4, α3 and α5 containing isoforms in the bone marrow. Laminin 421 (composed of laminin α4, β2, γ1 chains) is identified as a major component of the bone marrow ECM, occurring abundantly surrounding venous sinuses and in a specialized reticular fiber network of the intersinusoidal spaces of murine bone marrow (BM) in close association with HSPC. Bone marrow from Lama4-/- mice is significantly less efficient in reconstituting the hematopoietic system of irradiated wildtype (WT) recipients in competitive bone marrow transplantation assays and shows reduced colony formation in vitro. This is partially due to retention of Lin-c-kit+Sca-1+CD48- long-term and short-term hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSC/ST-HSC) in the G0 phase of the cell cycle in Lama4-/- bone marrow and hence a more quiescent phenotype. In addition, the extravasation of WT BM cells into Lama4-/- bone marrow is impaired, influencing the recirculation of HSPC. Our data suggest that these effects are mediated by a compensatory expression of laminin α5 containing isoforms (laminin 521/522) in Lama4-/- bone marrow. Collectively, these intrinsic and extrinsic effects lead to reduced HSPC numbers in Lama4-/- bone marrow and reduced hematopoietic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Helene Susek
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Muenster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Muenster, Germany
| | - Eva Korpos
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Muenster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Muenster, Germany
| | - Jula Huppert
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Muenster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Muenster, Germany
| | - Chuan Wu
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Muenster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Muenster, Germany; Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Irina Savelyeva
- Institute of Molecular Tumor Biology, University of Muenster, Germany
| | - Frank Rosenbauer
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Muenster, Germany; Institute of Molecular Tumor Biology, University of Muenster, Germany
| | - Carsten Müller-Tidow
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Muenster, Germany; Department of Medicine A-Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, Germany; Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg Germany
| | - Steffen Koschmieder
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Muenster, Germany; Department of Medicine A-Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, Germany; Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lydia Sorokin
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Muenster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Muenster, Germany.
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21
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Mokhtari S, Colletti EJ, Atala A, Zanjani ED, Porada CD, Almeida-Porada G. Boosting Hematopoietic Engraftment after in Utero Transplantation through Vascular Niche Manipulation. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 6:957-969. [PMID: 27304918 PMCID: PMC4912311 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In utero hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell transplantation (IUHSCT) has only been fully successful in the treatment of congenital immunodeficiency diseases. Using sheep as a large animal model of IUHSCT, we demonstrate that administration of CD146+CXCL12+VEGFR2+ or CD146+CXCL12+VEGFR2− cells prior to, or in combination with, hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSC), results in robust CXCL12 production within the fetal marrow environment, and significantly increases the levels of hematopoietic engraftment. While in the fetal recipient, donor-derived HSC were found to reside within the trabecular bone, the increased expression of VEGFR2 in the microvasculature of CD146+CXCL12+VEGFR2+ transplanted animals enhanced levels of donor-derived hematopoietic cells in circulation. These studies provide important insights into IUHSCT biology, and demonstrate the feasibility of enhancing HSC engraftment to levels that would likely be therapeutic in many candidate diseases for IUHSCT. After IUHSCT, HSC engraft in the trabecular bone of the metaphysis CD146++(+/−) cells engraft in diaphysis and make hematopoiesis-supporting cytokines Donor cell-derived CXCL12 and VEGFR2 significantly increase HSC engraftment IUHSCT of CD146+CXCL12+VEGFR2+ cells prior to HSC could be curative in several diseases
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Affiliation(s)
- Saloomeh Mokhtari
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 391 Technology Way, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1083, USA
| | - Evan J Colletti
- Experimental Station, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV 89503, USA
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 391 Technology Way, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1083, USA
| | - Esmail D Zanjani
- Experimental Station, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV 89503, USA
| | - Christopher D Porada
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 391 Technology Way, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1083, USA
| | - Graça Almeida-Porada
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 391 Technology Way, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1083, USA.
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22
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Wu C, Espinoza DA, Koelle SJ, Potter EL, Lu R, Li B, Yang D, Fan X, Donahue RE, Roederer M, Dunbar CE. Geographic clonal tracking in macaques provides insights into HSPC migration and differentiation. J Exp Med 2017; 215:217-232. [PMID: 29141868 PMCID: PMC5748860 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20171341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Wu et al. use barcode tracking to uncover prolonged geographic bone marrow segregation of regenerating hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell clones after transplantation and provide evidence for local bone marrow production of T cells. The geographic distribution of hematopoiesis at a clonal level is of interest in understanding how hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and their progeny interact with bone marrow (BM) niches during regeneration. We tagged rhesus macaque autologous HSPCs with genetic barcodes, allowing clonal tracking over time and space after transplantation. We found marked geographic segregation of CD34+ HSPCs for at least 6 mo posttransplantation, followed by very gradual clonal mixing at different BM sites over subsequent months to years. Clonal mapping was used to document local production of granulocytes, monocytes, B cells, and CD56+ natural killer (NK) cells. In contrast, CD16+CD56− NK cells were not produced in the BM, and in fact were clonally distinct from multipotent progenitors producing all other lineages. Most surprisingly, we documented local BM production of CD3+ T cells early after transplantation, using both clonal mapping and intravascular versus tissue-resident T cell staining, suggesting a thymus-independent T cell developmental pathway operating during BM regeneration, perhaps before thymic recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanfeng Wu
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Diego A Espinoza
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Samson J Koelle
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - E Lake Potter
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Rong Lu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Brian Li
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Di Yang
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.,Institute of hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing Fan
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Robert E Donahue
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Cynthia E Dunbar
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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23
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Coutu DL, Kokkaliaris KD, Kunz L, Schroeder T. Multicolor quantitative confocal imaging cytometry. Nat Methods 2017; 15:39-46. [PMID: 29320487 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.4503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Multicolor 3D quantitative imaging of large tissue volumes is necessary to understand tissue development and organization as well as interactions between distinct cell types in situ. However, tissue imaging remains technically challenging, particularly imaging of bone and marrow. Here, we describe a pipeline to reproducibly generate high-dimensional quantitative data from bone and bone marrow that may be extended to any tissue. We generate thick bone sections from adult mouse femurs with preserved tissue microarchitecture and demonstrate eight-color imaging using confocal microscopy without linear unmixing. We introduce XiT, an open-access software for fast and easy data curation, exploration and quantification of large imaging data sets with single-cell resolution. We describe how XiT can be used to correct for potential artifacts in quantitative 3D imaging, and we use the pipeline to measure the spatial relationship between hematopoietic cells, bone matrix and marrow Schwann cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Coutu
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Leo Kunz
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Timm Schroeder
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
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24
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Abstract
In addition to their conventional role as a conduit system for gases, nutrients, waste products or cells, blood vessels in the skeletal system play active roles in controlling multiple aspects of bone formation and provide niches for hematopoietic stem cells that reside within the bone marrow. In addition, recent studies have highlighted roles for blood vessels during bone healing. Here, we provide an overview of the architecture of the bone vasculature and discuss how blood vessels form within bone, how their formation is modulated, and how they function during development and fracture repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishor K Sivaraj
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Tissue Morphogenesis and University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, Münster D-48149, Germany
| | - Ralf H Adams
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Tissue Morphogenesis and University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, Münster D-48149, Germany
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25
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Thrombopoiesis is spatially regulated by the bone marrow vasculature. Nat Commun 2017; 8:127. [PMID: 28743899 PMCID: PMC5527048 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00201-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammals, megakaryocytes (MKs) in the bone marrow (BM) produce blood platelets, required for hemostasis and thrombosis. MKs originate from hematopoietic stem cells and are thought to migrate from an endosteal niche towards the vascular sinusoids during their maturation. Through imaging of MKs in the intact BM, here we show that MKs can be found within the entire BM, without a bias towards bone-distant regions. By combining in vivo two-photon microscopy and in situ light-sheet fluorescence microscopy with computational simulations, we reveal surprisingly slow MK migration, limited intervascular space, and a vessel-biased MK pool. These data challenge the current thrombopoiesis model of MK migration and support a modified model, where MKs at sinusoids are replenished by sinusoidal precursors rather than cells from a distant periostic niche. As MKs do not need to migrate to reach the vessel, therapies to increase MK numbers might be sufficient to raise platelet counts.Megakaryocyte maturation is thought to occur as the cells migrate from a vessel-distant (endosteal) niche to the vessel within the bone. Here, the authors show that megakaryocytes represent largely sessile cells in close contact with the vasculature and homogeneously distributed in the bone marrow.
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26
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Lee Y, Decker M, Lee H, Ding L. Extrinsic regulation of hematopoietic stem cells in development, homeostasis and diseases. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2017; 6. [PMID: 28561893 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Lifelong generation of blood and immune cells depends on hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Their function is precisely regulated by complex molecular networks that integrate and respond to ever changing physiological demands of the body. Over the past several years, significant advances have been made in understanding the extrinsic regulation of HSCs during development and in homeostasis. Propelled by technical advances in the field, the cellular and molecular components of the microenvironment that support HSCs in vivo are emerging. In addition, the interaction of HSCs with their niches is appreciated as a critical contributor to the pathogenesis of a number of hematologic disorders. Here, we review these advances in detail and highlight the extrinsic regulation of HSCs in the context of development, homeostasis, and diseases. WIREs Dev Biol 2017, 6:e279. doi: 10.1002/wdev.279 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeojin Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew Decker
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Heather Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lei Ding
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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27
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In vivo longitudinal visualization of bone marrow engraftment process in mouse calvaria using two-photon microscopy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44097. [PMID: 28276477 PMCID: PMC5343427 DOI: 10.1038/srep44097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravital microscopy of mouse calvarial bone marrow (BM) is a powerful method for studying hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and the BM microenvironment at the cellular level. However, the current method used to access the mouse calvaria allows for only a few imaging times in the same mouse because of scar formation and inflammation induced by multiple surgeries. Longitudinal imaging of the BM may help better understand its microenvironment. In this study, a mouse calvarial window model was developed for longitudinal imaging that involves attaching a cover glass window onto the mouse calvaria and sealing the surrounding exposed area with cyanoacrylate glue and dental cement. The model was used for the longitudinal two-photon microscopy (TPM) imaging of the BM engraftment process. The same BM cavity sites were imaged multiple times over 4 weeks after BM transplantation (BMT). Temporal changes in the BM microenvironment, such as the reconstitution of transplanted BM cells and the recovery of vasculature, were observed and analysed qualitatively and quantitatively. Longitudinal intravital microscopy using the mouse calvarial window model was successfully demonstrated and may be useful for further BM studies.
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28
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Sánchez-Aguilera A, Méndez-Ferrer S. The hematopoietic stem-cell niche in health and leukemia. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:579-590. [PMID: 27436341 PMCID: PMC5272896 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2306-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Research in the last decade has shown that hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) interact with and are modulated by a complex multicellular microenvironment in the bone marrow, which includes both the HSC progeny and multiple non-hematopoietic cell types. Intense work is gradually throwing light on the composition of the HSC niche and the molecular cues exchanged between its components, which has implications for HSC production, maintenance and expansion. In addition, it has become apparent that bidirectional interactions between leukemic cells and their niche play a previously unrecognized role in the initiation and development of hematological malignancies. Consequently, targeting of the malignant niche holds considerable promise for more specific antileukemic therapies. Here we summarize the latest insights into HSC niche biology and recent work showing multiple connections between hematological malignancy and alterations in the bone marrow microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Sánchez-Aguilera
- Stem Cell Niche Pathophysiology Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Simón Méndez-Ferrer
- Stem Cell Niche Pathophysiology Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, and National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK.
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Leiva
- a Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares , Madrid , Spain
| | - Andrés Hidalgo
- a Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares , Madrid , Spain.,b Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians University , Munich , Germany
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30
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Extended time-lapse in vivo imaging of tibia bone marrow to visualize dynamic hematopoietic stem cell engraftment. Leukemia 2016; 31:1582-1592. [PMID: 27890929 PMCID: PMC5498248 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Homing, engraftment and proliferation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSC/HPCs) are crucial steps required for success of a bone marrow transplant. Observation of these critical events is limited by the opaque nature of bone. Here we demonstrate how individual HSCs engraft in long bones by thinning one side of the tibia for direct and unbiased observation. Intravital imaging enabled detailed visualization of single Sca-1+, c-Kit+, Lineage− (SKL) cell migration to bone marrow niches and subsequent proliferation to reconstitute hematopoiesis. This longitudinal study allowed direct observation of dynamic HSC/HPC activities during engraftment in full color for up to six days in live recipients. Individual SKL cells, but not mature or committed progenitor cells, preferentially homed to a limited number of niches near highly vascularized endosteal regions, and clonally expanded. Engraftment of SKL cells in P-selectin and osteopontin knockout mice showed abnormal homing and expansion of SKL cells. CD150+, CD48− SKL populations initially engrafted in the central marrow region, utilizing only a subset of niches occupied by the parent SKL cells. Our study demonstrates that time-lapse imaging of tibia can be a valuable tool to understand the dynamic characteristics of functional HSC and niche components in various mouse models.
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31
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Wu JW, Turcotte R, Alt C, Runnels JM, Tsao H, Lin CP. Defining Clonal Color in Fluorescent Multi-Clonal Tracking. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24303. [PMID: 27073117 PMCID: PMC4829845 DOI: 10.1038/srep24303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Clonal heterogeneity and selection underpin many biological processes including development and tumor progression. Combinatorial fluorescent protein expression in germline cells has proven its utility for tracking the formation and regeneration of different organ systems. Such cell populations encoded by combinatorial fluorescent proteins are also attractive tools for understanding clonal expansion and clonal competition in cancer. However, the assignment of clonal identity requires an analytical framework in which clonal markings can be parameterized and validated. Here we present a systematic and quantitative method for RGB analysis of fluorescent melanoma cancer clones. We then demonstrate refined clonal trackability of melanoma cells using this scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juwell W. Wu
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Raphaël Turcotte
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Clemens Alt
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Judith M. Runnels
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Hensin Tsao
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Melanoma and Pigmented Lesion Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Charles P. Lin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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32
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De Grandis M, Lhoumeau AC, Mancini SJC, Aurrand-Lions M. Adhesion receptors involved in HSC and early-B cell interactions with bone marrow microenvironment. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:687-703. [PMID: 26495446 PMCID: PMC11108274 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2064-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis takes place in the bone marrow of adult mammals and is the process by which blood cells are replenished every day throughout life. Differentiation of hematopoietic cells occurs in a stepwise manner through intermediates of differentiation that could be phenotypically identified. This has allowed establishing hematopoietic cell classification with hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) at the top of the hierarchy. HSCs are mostly quiescent and serve as a reservoir for maintenance of lifelong hematopoiesis. Over recent years, it has become increasingly clear that HSC quiescence is not only due to intrinsic properties, but is also mediated by cognate interactions between HSCs and surrounding cells within micro-anatomical sites called “niches”. This hematopoietic/stromal crosstalk model also applies to more mature progenitors such as B cell progenitors, which are thought to reside in distinct “niches”. This prompted many research teams to search for specific molecular mechanisms supporting leuko-stromal crosstalk in the bone marrow and acting at specific stage of differentiation to regulate hematopoietic homeostasis. Here, we review recent data on adhesion mechanisms involved in HSCs and B cell progenitors interactions with surrounding bone marrow stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria De Grandis
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille Université UM105, Marseille, France
| | - Anne-Catherine Lhoumeau
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille Université UM105, Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane J. C. Mancini
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille Université UM105, Marseille, France
| | - Michel Aurrand-Lions
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille Université UM105, Marseille, France
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33
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Leiva M, Quintana JA, Ligos JM, Hidalgo A. Haematopoietic ESL-1 enables stem cell proliferation in the bone marrow by limiting TGFβ availability. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10222. [PMID: 26742601 PMCID: PMC4729861 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The life-long maintenance of haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) critically relies on environmental signals produced by cells that constitute the haematopoietic niche. Here we report a cell-intrinsic mechanism whereby haematopoietic cells limit proliferation within the bone marrow, and show that this pathway is repressed by E-selectin ligand 1 (ESL-1). Mice deficient in ESL-1 display aberrant HSPC quiescence, expansion of the immature pool and reduction in niche size. Remarkably, the traits were transplantable and dominant when mutant and wild-type precursors coexisted in the same environment, but were independent of E-selectin, the vascular receptor for ESL-1. Instead, quiescence is generated by unrestrained production of the cytokine TGFβ by mutant HSPC, and in vivo or in vitro blockade of the cytokine completely restores the homeostatic properties of the haematopoietic niche. These findings reveal that haematopoietic cells, including the more primitive compartment, can actively shape their own environment. Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPCs) proliferation is controlled by signals from the niche. Here, Leiva et al. show in vivo in mice that deletion of E-selectin ligand 1 causes quiescence of HSPCs and a reduction in niche size, which is mediated by changes of TGFß levels in the bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Leiva
- Area of Developmental and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan A Quintana
- Area of Developmental and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Ligos
- Cellomics Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Hidalgo
- Area of Developmental and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 80336 Munich, Germany
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34
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Xiao L, McCann JV, Dudley AC. Isolation and Culture Expansion of Tumor-specific Endothelial Cells. J Vis Exp 2015:e53072. [PMID: 26554446 DOI: 10.3791/53072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Freshly isolated tumor-specific endothelial cells (TEC) can be used to explore molecular mechanisms of tumor angiogenesis and serve as an in vitro model for developing new angiogenesis inhibitors for cancer. However, long-term in vitro expansion of murine endothelial cells (EC) is challenging due to phenotypic drift in culture (endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition) and contamination with non-EC. This is especially true for TEC which are readily outcompeted by co-purified fibroblasts or tumor cells in culture. Here, a high fidelity isolation method that takes advantage of immunomagnetic enrichment coupled with colony selection and in vitro expansion is described. This approach generates pure EC fractions that are entirely free of contaminating stromal or tumor cells. It is also shown that lineage-traced Cdh5(cre):ZsGreen(l/s/l) reporter mice, used with the protocol described herein, are a valuable tool to verify cell purity as the isolated EC colonies from these mice show durable and brilliant ZsGreen fluorescence in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xiao
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - James V McCann
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Andrew C Dudley
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill;
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35
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Hidalgo A, Goetz JG. Multicellular cuddling in a stem cell niche. Cell Adh Migr 2015. [PMID: 26207788 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2015.1019999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) can self-renew and differentiate in any blood cell type throughout life and thereby sustain the entire blood system. To do so, HSPCs had been shown to seed, in a multi-step process, intermediate haematopoietic niches before colonizing the adult marrow. While HSPC birth had been thoroughly characterized in the past, both in mammals and in zebrafish, how perivascular niches could host HSPCs and sustain their expansion was poorly understood. In an article published in the last issue of Cell, Tamplin et al. (1) elegantly exploited the many advantages provided by the zebrafish embryo to describe how endothelium remodeling in the perivascular niche, referred to as "cuddling," favors HSPCs colonization and expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Hidalgo
- a Fundación CNIC; Madrid, Spain and Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, LMU ; Munich , Germany
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36
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Abstract
Skeletal stem cells (SSCs) reside in the postnatal bone marrow and give rise to cartilage, bone, hematopoiesis-supportive stroma and marrow adipocytes in defined in vivo assays. These lineages emerge in a specific sequence during embryonic development and post natal growth, and together comprise a continuous anatomical system, the bone-bone marrow organ. SSCs conjoin skeletal and hematopoietic physiology, and are a tool for understanding and ameliorating skeletal and hematopoietic disorders. Here and in the accompanying poster, we concisely discuss the biology of SSCs in the context of the development and postnatal physiology of skeletal lineages, to which their use in medicine must remain anchored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bianco
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Pamela G Robey
- Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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37
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Ho MSH, Medcalf RL, Livesey SA, Traianedes K. The dynamics of adult haematopoiesis in the bone and bone marrow environment. Br J Haematol 2015; 170:472-86. [PMID: 25854627 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This review explores the dynamic relationship between bone and bone marrow in the genesis and regulation of adult haematopoiesis and will provide an overview of the haematopoietic hierarchical system. This will include the haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) and its niches, as well as discuss emerging evidence of the reciprocal interplay between bone and bone marrow, and support of the pleiotropic role played by bone cells in the regulation of HSC proliferation, differentiation and function. In addition, this review will present demineralized bone matrix as a unique acellular matrix platform that permits the generation of ectopic de novo bone and bone marrow and provides a means of investigating the temporal sequence of bone and bone marrow regeneration. It is anticipated that the utilization of this matrix-based approach will help researchers in gaining deeper insights into the major events leading to adult haematopoiesis in the bone marrow. Furthermore, this model may potentially offer new avenues to manipulate the HSC niche and hence influence the functional output of the haematopoietic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriel S H Ho
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, The Alfred Hospital Prahran, Prahran, Victoria, Australia.,Clinical Neurosciences, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Prahran, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert L Medcalf
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, The Alfred Hospital Prahran, Prahran, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen A Livesey
- Clinical Neurosciences, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Prahran, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kathy Traianedes
- Clinical Neurosciences, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Prahran, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Prahran, Victoria, Australia
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38
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Lafage-Proust MH, Roche B, Langer M, Cleret D, Vanden Bossche A, Olivier T, Vico L. Assessment of bone vascularization and its role in bone remodeling. BONEKEY REPORTS 2015; 4:662. [PMID: 25861447 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2015.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone is a composite organ that fulfils several interconnected functions, which may conflict with each other in pathological conditions. Bone vascularization is at the interface between these functions. The roles of bone vascularization are better documented in bone development, growth and modeling than in bone remodeling. However, every bone remodeling unit is associated with a capillary in both cortical and trabecular envelopes. Here we summarize the most recent data on vessel involvement in bone remodeling, and we present the characteristics of bone vascularization. Finally, we describe the various techniques used for bone vessel imaging and quantitative assessment, including histology, immunohistochemistry, microtomography and intravital microscopy. Studying the role of vascularization in adult bone should provide benefits for the understanding and treatment of metabolic bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Hélène Lafage-Proust
- Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrée du Tissu Osseux, INSERM U 1059 , Saint-Etienne, France ; Université de Lyon , Lyon, France
| | - Bernard Roche
- Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrée du Tissu Osseux, INSERM U 1059 , Saint-Etienne, France ; Université de Lyon , Lyon, France
| | - Max Langer
- Université de Lyon , Lyon, France ; CREATIS, CNRS UMR 5220-INSERM U1044 , Lyon, France
| | - Damien Cleret
- Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrée du Tissu Osseux, INSERM U 1059 , Saint-Etienne, France ; Université de Lyon , Lyon, France
| | - Arnaud Vanden Bossche
- Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrée du Tissu Osseux, INSERM U 1059 , Saint-Etienne, France ; Université de Lyon , Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Olivier
- Université de Lyon , Lyon, France ; Laboratoire Hubert Curien , Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Laurence Vico
- Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrée du Tissu Osseux, INSERM U 1059 , Saint-Etienne, France ; Université de Lyon , Lyon, France
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39
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Méndez-Ferrer S, Scadden DT, Sánchez-Aguilera A. Bone marrow stem cells: current and emerging concepts. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1335:32-44. [PMID: 25573321 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The interactions of stromal cells with hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow have long been a subject of research, but only recently have technologies allowed us to dissect them at the stem cell level. On the other hand, limitations of these technical tools might explain numerous discrepancies in this field. It is becoming increasingly clear that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent an important component of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche in the bone marrow. However, there is heterogeneity among HSCs, and many putatively different mesenchymal progenitors identified in the bone marrow using Cre recombinase-driven mouse lines seem to exhibit HSC niche properties. Development of better reporter lines has demonstrated that some of these Cre lines do not always specifically mark the expected cells. Also, characterization of different cell populations has often been partial, and issues of redundancy and compensation might explain apparently contradictory results. Recognizing and overcoming these limitations, while also clearly defining the distinctions between subgroups of mesenchymal cells, will be essential to advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simón Méndez-Ferrer
- Stem Cell Niche Pathophysiology Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
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40
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Arcangeli ML, Bardin F, Frontera V, Bidaut G, Obrados E, Adams RH, Chabannon C, Aurrand-Lions M. Function of Jam-B/Jam-C interaction in homing and mobilization of human and mouse hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Stem Cells 2015; 32:1043-54. [PMID: 24357068 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The junctional adhesion molecules Jam-b and Jam-c interact together at interendothelial junctions and have been involved in the regulation of immune response, inflammation, and leukocyte migration. More recently, Jam-c has been found to be expressed by hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) in mouse. Conversely, we have reported that Jam-b is present on bone marrow stromal cells and that Jam-b-deficient mice have defects in the regulation of hematopoietic stem cell pool. In this study, we have addressed whether interaction between Jam-b and Jam-c participates to HSPC mobilization or hematopoietic reconstitution after irradiation. We show that a blocking monoclonal antibody directed against Jam-c inhibits hematopoietic reconstitution, progenitor homing to the bone marrow, and induces HSPC mobilization in a Jam-b dependent manner. In the latter setting, antibody treatment over a period of 3 days does not alter hematopoietic differentiation nor induce leukocytosis. Results are translated to human hematopoietic system in which a functional adhesive interaction between JAM-B and JAM-C is found between human HSPC and mesenchymal stem cells. Such an interaction does not occur between HSPC and human endothelial cells or osteoblasts. It is further shown that anti-JAM-C blocking antibody interferes with CD34(+) hematopoietic progenitor homing in mouse bone marrow suggesting that monoclonal antibodies inhibiting JAM-B/JAM-C interaction may represent valuable therapeutic tools to improve stem cell mobilization protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Laure Arcangeli
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Inserm, UMR1068, Marseille, France; Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France; CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille, France
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41
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Nakamura-Ishizu A, Takizawa H, Suda T. The analysis, roles and regulation of quiescence in hematopoietic stem cells. Development 2015; 141:4656-66. [PMID: 25468935 DOI: 10.1242/dev.106575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tissue homeostasis requires the presence of multipotent adult stem cells that are capable of efficient self-renewal and differentiation; some of these have been shown to exist in a dormant, or quiescent, cell cycle state. Such quiescence has been proposed as a fundamental property of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the adult bone marrow, acting to protect HSCs from functional exhaustion and cellular insults to enable lifelong hematopoietic cell production. Recent studies have demonstrated that HSC quiescence is regulated by a complex network of cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic factors. In addition, detailed single-cell analyses and novel imaging techniques have identified functional heterogeneity within quiescent HSC populations and have begun to delineate the topological organization of quiescent HSCs. Here, we review the current methods available to measure quiescence in HSCs and discuss the roles of HSC quiescence and the various mechanisms by which HSC quiescence is maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Nakamura-Ishizu
- Department of Cell Differentiation, The Sakaguchi Laboratory, Keio University, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive MD6, Centre for Translational Medicine, 117599 Singapore
| | - Hitoshi Takizawa
- Division of Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Toshio Suda
- Department of Cell Differentiation, The Sakaguchi Laboratory, Keio University, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive MD6, Centre for Translational Medicine, 117599 Singapore
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42
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Weissman TA, Pan YA. Brainbow: new resources and emerging biological applications for multicolor genetic labeling and analysis. Genetics 2015; 199:293-306. [PMID: 25657347 PMCID: PMC4317644 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.114.172510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Brainbow is a genetic cell-labeling technique where hundreds of different hues can be generated by stochastic and combinatorial expression of a few spectrally distinct fluorescent proteins. Unique color profiles can be used as cellular identification tags for multiple applications such as tracing axons through the nervous system, following individual cells during development, or analyzing cell lineage. In recent years, Brainbow and other combinatorial expression strategies have expanded from the mouse nervous system to other model organisms and a wide variety of tissues. Particularly exciting is the application of Brainbow in lineage tracing, where this technique has been instrumental in parsing out complex cellular relationships during organogenesis. Here we review recent findings, new technical improvements, and exciting potential genetic and genomic applications for harnessing this colorful technique in anatomical, developmental, and genetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamily A Weissman
- Department of Biology, Lewis and Clark College, Portland, Oregon 97219
| | - Y Albert Pan
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912 Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912 James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
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43
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Batnyam O, Shimizu H, Saito K, Ishida T, Suye SI, Fujita S. Biohybrid hematopoietic niche for expansion of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells by using geometrically controlled fibrous layers. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra13332g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biohybrid hematopoietic niche for expansion of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onon Batnyam
- Department of Frontier Fiber Technology and Science
- Graduate School of Engineering
- University of Fukui
- Fukui
- Japan
| | - Harue Shimizu
- Department of Frontier Fiber Technology and Science
- Graduate School of Engineering
- University of Fukui
- Fukui
- Japan
| | - Koichi Saito
- Research Center for Regenerative Medicine
- EIL Inc
- Tokyo 174-0051
- Japan
| | - Tomohiko Ishida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
- Itabashi Chuo Medical Center
- Tokyo 174-0051
- Japan
| | - Shin-ichiro Suye
- Department of Frontier Fiber Technology and Science
- Graduate School of Engineering
- University of Fukui
- Fukui
- Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujita
- Department of Frontier Fiber Technology and Science
- Graduate School of Engineering
- University of Fukui
- Fukui
- Japan
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44
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Abstract
Analysis of the mechanisms underlying cell fates requires the molecular quantification of cellular features. Classical techniques use population average readouts at single time points. However, these approaches mask cellular heterogeneity and dynamics and are limited for studying rare and heterogeneous cell populations like stem cells. Techniques for single-cell analyses, ideally allowing non-invasive quantification of molecular dynamics and cellular behaviour over time, are required for studying stem cells. Here, we review the development and application of these techniques to stem cell research.
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45
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Özdemir BC, Hensel J, Secondini C, Wetterwald A, Schwaninger R, Fleischmann A, Raffelsberger W, Poch O, Delorenzi M, Temanni R, Mills IG, van der Pluijm G, Thalmann GN, Cecchini MG. The molecular signature of the stroma response in prostate cancer-induced osteoblastic bone metastasis highlights expansion of hematopoietic and prostate epithelial stem cell niches. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114530. [PMID: 25485970 PMCID: PMC4259356 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The reciprocal interaction between cancer cells and the tissue-specific stroma is critical for primary and metastatic tumor growth progression. Prostate cancer cells colonize preferentially bone (osteotropism), where they alter the physiological balance between osteoblast-mediated bone formation and osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, and elicit prevalently an osteoblastic response (osteoinduction). The molecular cues provided by osteoblasts for the survival and growth of bone metastatic prostate cancer cells are largely unknown. We exploited the sufficient divergence between human and mouse RNA sequences together with redefinition of highly species-specific gene arrays by computer-aided and experimental exclusion of cross-hybridizing oligonucleotide probes. This strategy allowed the dissection of the stroma (mouse) from the cancer cell (human) transcriptome in bone metastasis xenograft models of human osteoinductive prostate cancer cells (VCaP and C4-2B). As a result, we generated the osteoblastic bone metastasis-associated stroma transcriptome (OB-BMST). Subtraction of genes shared by inflammation, wound healing and desmoplastic responses, and by the tissue type-independent stroma responses to a variety of non-osteotropic and osteotropic primary cancers generated a curated gene signature ("Core" OB-BMST) putatively representing the bone marrow/bone-specific stroma response to prostate cancer-induced, osteoblastic bone metastasis. The expression pattern of three representative Core OB-BMST genes (PTN, EPHA3 and FSCN1) seems to confirm the bone specificity of this response. A robust induction of genes involved in osteogenesis and angiogenesis dominates both the OB-BMST and Core OB-BMST. This translates in an amplification of hematopoietic and, remarkably, prostate epithelial stem cell niche components that may function as a self-reinforcing bone metastatic niche providing a growth support specific for osteoinductive prostate cancer cells. The induction of this combinatorial stem cell niche is a novel mechanism that may also explain cancer cell osteotropism and local interference with hematopoiesis (myelophthisis). Accordingly, these stem cell niche components may represent innovative therapeutic targets and/or serum biomarkers in osteoblastic bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berna C. Özdemir
- Urology Research Laboratory, Department of Urology and Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Janine Hensel
- Urology Research Laboratory, Department of Urology and Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Secondini
- Urology Research Laboratory, Department of Urology and Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Antoinette Wetterwald
- Urology Research Laboratory, Department of Urology and Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ruth Schwaninger
- Urology Research Laboratory, Department of Urology and Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Olivier Poch
- ICube UMR7357, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mauro Delorenzi
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ramzi Temanni
- Biomedical Informatics Division, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ian G. Mills
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Norway Centre for Molecular Medicine (NCMM), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gabri van der Pluijm
- Department of Urology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - George N. Thalmann
- Urology Research Laboratory, Department of Urology and Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marco G. Cecchini
- Urology Research Laboratory, Department of Urology and Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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46
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Hematopoietic stem cell niche maintenance during homeostasis and regeneration. Nat Med 2014; 20:833-46. [PMID: 25100529 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 560] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The bone marrow niche has mystified scientists for many years, leading to widespread investigation to shed light into its molecular and cellular composition. Considerable efforts have been devoted toward uncovering the regulatory mechanisms of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche maintenance. Recent advances in imaging and genetic manipulation of mouse models have allowed the identification of distinct vascular niches that have been shown to orchestrate the balance between quiescence, proliferation and regeneration of the bone marrow after injury. Here we highlight the recently discovered intrinsic mechanisms, microenvironmental interactions and communication with surrounding cells involved in HSC regulation, during homeostasis and in regeneration after injury and discuss their implications for regenerative therapy.
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Lim S, Zhang Y, Zhang D, Chen F, Hosaka K, Feng N, Seki T, Andersson P, Li J, Zang J, Sun B, Cao Y. VEGFR2-mediated vascular dilation as a mechanism of VEGF-induced anemia and bone marrow cell mobilization. Cell Rep 2014; 9:569-80. [PMID: 25310988 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms underlying tumor VEGF-induced host anemia and bone marrow cell (BMC) mobilization remain unknown. Here, we report that tumor VEGF markedly induced sinusoidal vasculature dilation in bone marrow (BM) and BMC mobilization to tumors and peripheral tissues in mouse and human tumor models. Unexpectedly, anti-VEGFR2, but not anti-VEGFR1, treatment completely blocked VEGF-induced anemia and BMC mobilization. Genetic deletion of Vegfr2 in endothelial cells markedly ablated VEGF-stimulated BMC mobilization. Conversely, deletion of the tyrosine kinase domain from Vegfr1 gene (Vegfr1(TK-/-)) did not affect VEGF-induced BMC mobilization. Analysis of VEGFR1(+)/VEGFR2(+) populations in peripheral blood and BM showed no significant ratio difference between VEGF- and control tumor-bearing animals. These findings demonstrate that vascular dilation through the VEGFR2 signaling is the mechanism underlying VEGF-induced BM mobilization and anemia. Thus, our data provide mechanistic insights on VEGF-induced BMC mobilization in tumors and have therapeutic implications by targeting VEGFR2 for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Lim
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Danfang Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qi Xiang Tai Road, Heping, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, 54 Youdian Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Kayoko Hosaka
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ninghan Feng
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Wuxi, 68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, China
| | - Takahiro Seki
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik Andersson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jingrong Li
- Simcere Pharmaceutical R&D, Nanjing, 699-18 Xuan Wu Avenue, Jiangsu 210042, China
| | - Jingwu Zang
- Simcere Pharmaceutical R&D, Nanjing, 699-18 Xuan Wu Avenue, Jiangsu 210042, China
| | - Baocun Sun
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qi Xiang Tai Road, Heping, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yihai Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK.
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48
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Székely T, Burrage K, Mangel M, Bonsall MB. Stochastic dynamics of interacting haematopoietic stem cell niche lineages. PLoS Comput Biol 2014; 10:e1003794. [PMID: 25188267 PMCID: PMC4154659 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Since we still know very little about stem cells in their natural environment, it is useful to explore their dynamics through modelling and simulation, as well as experimentally. Most models of stem cell systems are based on deterministic differential equations that ignore the natural heterogeneity of stem cell populations. This is not appropriate at the level of individual cells and niches, when randomness is more likely to affect dynamics. In this paper, we introduce a fast stochastic method for simulating a metapopulation of stem cell niche lineages, that is, many sub-populations that together form a heterogeneous metapopulation, over time. By selecting the common limiting timestep, our method ensures that the entire metapopulation is simulated synchronously. This is important, as it allows us to introduce interactions between separate niche lineages, which would otherwise be impossible. We expand our method to enable the coupling of many lineages into niche groups, where differentiated cells are pooled within each niche group. Using this method, we explore the dynamics of the haematopoietic system from a demand control system perspective. We find that coupling together niche lineages allows the organism to regulate blood cell numbers as closely as possible to the homeostatic optimum. Furthermore, coupled lineages respond better than uncoupled ones to random perturbations, here the loss of some myeloid cells. This could imply that it is advantageous for an organism to connect together its niche lineages into groups. Our results suggest that a potential fruitful empirical direction will be to understand how stem cell descendants communicate with the niche and how cancer may arise as a result of a failure of such communication. Stem cells portend great potential for advances in medicine. However, these advances require detailed understanding of the dynamics of stem cells. In vitro studies are now routine and challenge our preconceptions about stem cell biology, but the dynamics of stem cells in vivo remain poorly understood. Thus, there is a real need for novel computational frameworks for general understanding and predictions about experiments on stem cells in their native environments. By implementing a stochastic model of stem cell dynamics, generically based on the bone marrow system, in a novel, fast and computationally efficient way, we show how different couplings of stem cell niche lineages lead to different predictions about homeostatic control. Understanding the demand control of stem cell systems is essential to both predicting in vivo stem cell dynamics and also how its breakdown may lead to the development of cancers of the blood system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Székely
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Kevin Burrage
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Mathematics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Marc Mangel
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Michael B. Bonsall
- Mathematical Ecology Research Group, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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49
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Primary cilium-associated genes mediate bone marrow stromal cell response to hypoxia. Stem Cell Res 2014; 13:284-99. [PMID: 25171775 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently there is intense interest in using mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) for therapeutic interventions in many diseases and conditions. To accelerate the therapeutic use of stem cells we must understand how they sense their environment. Primary cilia are an extracellular sensory organelle present on most growth arrested cells that transduce information about the cellular environment into cells, triggering signaling cascades that have profound effects on development, cell cycle, proliferation, differentiation and migration. Migrating cells likely encounter differing oxygen tensions, therefore we investigated the effect of oxygen tension on cilia. Using bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs, also known as bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells) we found that oxygen tension significantly affected the length of cilia in primary BMSCs. Chronic exposure to hypoxia specifically down-regulated genes involved in hedgehog signaling and re-localized the Smo and Gli2 proteins to cilia. Investigating the effects of chemotactic migration on cilia, we observed significantly longer cilia in migrating cells which was again, strongly influenced by oxygen tension. Finally, using computational modeling we identified links between migration and ciliation signaling pathways, characterizing the novel role of HSP90 and PI3K signaling in regulating BMSC cilia length. These findings enhance our current understanding of BMSC adaptions to hypoxia and advance our knowledge of BMSC biology and cilia regulation.
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50
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Blin-Wakkach C, Rouleau M, Wakkach A. Roles of osteoclasts in the control of medullary hematopoietic niches. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 561:29-37. [PMID: 24998177 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow is the major site of hematopoiesis in mammals. The bone marrow environment plays an essential role in the regulation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells by providing specialized niches in which these cells are maintained. Many cell types participate to the composition and regulation of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niches, integrating complex signals from the bone, immune and nervous systems. Among these cells, the bone-resorbing osteoclasts (OCLs) have been described as main regulators of HSC niches. They are not limited to carving space for HSCs, but they also provide signals that affect the molecular and cellular niche components. However, their exact role in HSC niches remains unclear because of the variety of models, signals and conditions used to address the question. The present review will discuss the importance of the implication of OCLs focusing on the formation of HSC niches, the maintenance of HSCs in these niches and the mobilization of HSCs from the bone marrow. It will underline the importance of OCLs in HSC niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudine Blin-Wakkach
- CNRS UMR7370, LP2M, Faculty of Medicine, 28 Av de Valombrose, 06107 Nice, France; University Nice Sophia Antipolis, Faculty of Sciences, Parc Valrose, 06100 Nice, France.
| | - Matthieu Rouleau
- CNRS UMR7370, LP2M, Faculty of Medicine, 28 Av de Valombrose, 06107 Nice, France; University Nice Sophia Antipolis, Faculty of Sciences, Parc Valrose, 06100 Nice, France
| | - Abdelilah Wakkach
- CNRS UMR7370, LP2M, Faculty of Medicine, 28 Av de Valombrose, 06107 Nice, France; University Nice Sophia Antipolis, Faculty of Sciences, Parc Valrose, 06100 Nice, France
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