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Yu W, Zhang F, Meng D, Zhang X, Feng Y, Yin G, Liang P, Chen S, Liu H. Mechanism of Action and Related Natural Regulators of Nrf2 in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Curr Drug Deliv 2024; 21:1300-1319. [PMID: 39034715 DOI: 10.2174/0115672018260113231023064614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
With the acceleration of people's pace of life, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease in the world, which greatly threatens people's health and safety. Therefore, there is still an urgent need for higher-quality research and treatment in this area. Nuclear factor Red-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), as a key transcription factor in the regulation of oxidative stress, plays an important role in inducing the body's antioxidant response. Although there are no approved drugs targeting Nrf2 to treat NAFLD so far, it is still of great significance to target Nrf2 to alleviate NAFLD. In recent years, studies have reported that many natural products treat NAFLD by acting on Nrf2 or Nrf2 pathways. This article reviews the role of Nrf2 in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and summarizes the currently reported natural products targeting Nrf2 or Nrf2 pathway for the treatment of NAFLD, which provides new ideas for the development of new NAFLD-related drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfei Yu
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengxia Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250011, People's Republic of China
| | - Decheng Meng
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Feng
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoliang Yin
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengpeng Liang
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, People's Republic of China
| | - Suwen Chen
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongshuai Liu
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, People's Republic of China
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Yuan Z, Tian Y, Zhang C, Wang M, Xie J, Wang C, Huang J. Integration of systematic review, lipidomics with experiment verification reveals abnormal sphingolipids facilitate diabetic retinopathy by inducing oxidative stress on RMECs. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023; 1868:159382. [PMID: 37659619 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the potential biomarkers in the development of diabetes mellitus (DM) into diabetic retinopathy (DR). METHODS Systematic review of diabetic metabolomics was used to screen the differential metabolites and related pathways during the development of DM. Non-targeted lipidomics of rat plasma was performed to explore the differential metabolites in the development of DM into DR in vivo. To verify the effects of differential metabolites in inducing retinal microvascular endothelial cells (RMECs) injury by increasing oxidative stress, high glucose medium containing differential metabolites was used to induce rat RMECs injury and cell viability, malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were evaluated in vitro. Network pharmacology was performed to explore the potential mechanism of differential metabolites in inducing DR. RESULTS Through the systematic review, 148 differential metabolites were obtained and the sphingolipid metabolic pathway attracted our attention. Plasma non-targeted lipidomics found that sphingolipids were accompanied by the development of DM into DR. In vitro experiments showed sphinganine and sphingosine-1-phosphate aggravated rat RMECs injury induced by high glucose, further increased MDA and ROS levels, and further decreased SOD activities and MMP. Network pharmacology revealed sphinganine and sphingosine-1-phosphate may induce DR by regulating the AGE-RAGE and HIF-1 signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS Integrated systematic review, lipidomics and experiment verification reveal that abnormal sphingolipid metabolism facilitates DR by inducing oxidative stress on RMECs. Our study could provide the experimental basis for finding potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenshuang Yuan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yue Tian
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mingshuang Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jiaqi Xie
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Can Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Jianmei Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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Gong M, Lu H, Li L, Feng M, Zou Z. Integration of transcriptomics and metabonomics revealed the protective effects of hemp seed oil against methionine-choline-deficient diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in mice. Food Funct 2023; 14:2096-2111. [PMID: 36734470 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03054c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a chronic liver disease with few therapeutic options available currently. Hemp seed oil extracted from the seeds of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) has significant nutritional and biological properties due to the unique composition of polyunsaturated fatty acids and various antioxidant compounds. However, little is known about the beneficial effects and molecular mechanisms of hemp seed oil on NASH. Here, the hepatoprotective effects of hemp seed oil on methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet-induced NASH in C57BL/6 mice were explored via integration of transcriptomics and metabolomics. Hemp seed oil could improve hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis in mice with MCD diet-induced NASH. In a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabonomic study, the hepatic and urinary metabolic profiles of mice supplemented with hemp seed oil showed a tendency to recover to healthy controls compared to those of NASH mice. Eight potential biomarkers associated with NASH in both liver tissue and urine were restored to near normal levels by administration of hemp seed oil. The proposed pathways were mainly involved in pyrimidine metabolism, one-carbon metabolism, amino acid metabolism, glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Hepatic transcriptomics based on Illumina RNA-Seq sequencing showed that hemp seed oil exerted anti-NASH activities by regulating multiple signaling pathways, e.g., downregulation of the TNF signaling pathway, the IL-17 signaling pathway, the MAPK signaling pathway and the NF-κB signaling pathway, which played a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of NASH. In particular, integration of metabonomic and transcriptomic results suggested that hemp seed oil could attenuate NASH-related liver fibrosis by inhibition of glutaminolysis. These results provided new insights into the hepatoprotective effects of hemp seed oil against MCD diet-induced NASH and hemp seed oil might have potential as an effective therapy for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjuan Gong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Hailong Lu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Lixi Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Meiqi Feng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zhongjie Zou
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Combined Gamma Conglutin and Lupanine Treatment Exhibits In Vivo an Enhanced Antidiabetic Effect by Modulating the Liver Gene Expression Profile. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16010117. [PMID: 36678614 PMCID: PMC9867068 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have individually shown the antidiabetic potential of gamma conglutin (Cγ) and lupanine from lupins. Until now, the influence of combining both compounds and the effective dose of the combination have not been assessed. Moreover, the resulting gene expression profile from this novel combination remains to be explored. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate different dose combinations of Cγ and lupanine by the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to identify the higher antidiabetic effect on a T2D rat model. Later, we administered the selected dose combination during a week. Lastly, we evaluated biochemical parameters and liver gene expression profile using DNA microarrays and bioinformatic analysis. We found that the combination of 28 mg/kg BW Cγ + 20 mg/kg BW lupanine significantly reduced glycemia and lipid levels. Moreover, this treatment positively influenced the expression of Pdk4, G6pc, Foxo1, Foxo3, Ppargc1a, Serpine1, Myc, Slc37a4, Irs2, and Igfbp1 genes. The biological processes associated with these genes are oxidative stress, apoptosis regulation, and glucose and fatty-acid homeostasis. For the first time, we report the beneficial in vivo effect of the combination of two functional lupin compounds. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to investigate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the Cγ + lupanine combined treatment.
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A soy glycinin derived octapeptide protects against MCD diet induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Chen Y, Li J, Zhang M, Yang W, Qin W, Zheng Q, Chu Y, Wu Y, Wu D, Yuan X. 11β-HSD1 Inhibitor Alleviates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Activating the AMPK/SIRT1 Signaling Pathway. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14112358. [PMID: 35684158 PMCID: PMC9182913 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of an 11β-HSD1 inhibitor (H8) on hepatic steatosis and its mechanism of action. Although H8, a curcumin derivative, has been shown to alleviate insulin resistance, its effect on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains unknown. Rats were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks, intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin (STZ) to induce NAFLD, and, then, treated with H8 (3 or 6 mg/kg/day) or curcumin (6 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks, to evaluate the effects of H8 on NAFLD. H8 significantly alleviated HFD+STZ-induced lipid accumulation, fibrosis, and inflammation as well as improved liver function. Moreover, 11β-HSD1 overexpression was established by transfecting animals and HepG2 cells with lentivirus, carrying the 11β-HSD1 gene, to confirm that H8 improved NAFLD, by reducing 11β-HSD1. An AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor (Compound C, 10 μM for 2 h) was used to confirm that H8 increased AMPK, by inhibiting 11β-HSD1, thereby restoring lipid metabolic homeostasis. A silencing-related enzyme 1 (SIRT1) inhibitor (EX572, 10 μM for 4 h) and a SIRT1 activator (SRT1720, 1 μM for 4 h) were used to confirm that H8 exerted anti-inflammatory effects, by elevating SIRT1 expression. Our findings demonstrate that H8 alleviates hepatic steatosis, by inhibiting 11β-HSD1, which activates the AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway.
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Qiu S, Liang Z, Wu Q, Wang M, Yang M, Chen C, Zheng H, Zhu Z, Li L, Yang G. Hepatic lipid accumulation induced by a high-fat diet is regulated by Nrf2 through multiple pathways. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22280. [PMID: 35394671 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101456r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is reportedly involved in hepatic lipid metabolism, but the results are contradictory, and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we focused on elucidating the effects of Nrf2 on hepatic adipogenesis and on determining the possible underlying mechanism. We established a non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) model in a high-fat diet (HFD)-fed Nrf2 knockout (Nrf2 KO) mice; further, a cell model of lipid accumulation was established using mouse primary hepatocytes (MPHs) treated with free fatty acids (FAs). Using these models, we investigated the relationship between Nrf2 and autophagy and its role in the development of NAFLD. We observed that Nrf2 expression levels were upregulated in patients with NAFLD and diet-induced obese mice. Nrf2 deficiency led to hepatic lipid accumulation in vivo and in vitro, in addition to, promoting lipogenesis mainly by increasing SREBP-1c activity. Moreover, Nrf2 deficiency attenuated autophagic flux and inhibited the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes in vivo and in vitro. Decreased autophagy caused reduced lipolysis in the liver. Importantly, chromatin immunoprecipitation-qPCR (ChIP-qPCR) and dual-luciferase assay results proved that Nrf2 bound to the LAMP1 promoter and regulated its transcriptional activity. Accordingly, we report that Nrf2-LAMP1 interaction plays an indispensable role in Nrf2-regulated hepatosteatosis. Our data collectively confirm that Nrf2 deficiency promotes hepatosteatosis by enhancing SREBP-1c activity and attenuating autophagy. Our findings provide a novel multi-pathway effect of Nrf2 on lipid metabolism in the liver. We believe that multi-target intervention of Nrf2 is a novel strategy for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Qiu
- Department of Endocrinology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zerong Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinan Wu
- Endocrinology Department, Dazu Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, The People's Hospital of Dazu, Chongqing, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengliu Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hongting Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiming Zhu
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Li
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gangyi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Wang M, Ma H, Guan S, Luo T, Zhao C, Cai G, Zheng Y, Jia X, Di J, Li R, Cui H. Astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis alleviates obesity by modulating lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in mice fed a high-fat diet. Food Funct 2021; 12:9719-9738. [PMID: 34664590 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01495a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a global chronic disease epidemic that is attributed to the abnormal accumulation of lipids in adipose tissue. Astaxanthin (AST) from Haematococcus pluvialis, a natural carotenoid, exhibits antioxidant, anti-lipogenic, anti-diabetic and other potent effects. Herein, we evaluated the effect of AST to illuminate its efficacy and mechanisms in high-fat diet-fed mice. AST supplementation not only significantly decreased body weight and lipid droplet accumulation in the liver but also modulated liver function and serum lipid levels. Lipidomic analysis revealed that 13 lipids might be potential biomarkers responsible for the effects of AST in lipid reduction, such as total free fatty acids (FFAs), triacylglycerols (TGs) and cholesterol esters (CEs). The gut microbiota sequencing results indicated that AST alleviated HFD-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis by optimizing the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroides and inhibiting the abundance of obesity-related pathogenic microbiota while promoting the abundance of probiotics related to glucose and lipid metabolism. In addition, qRT-PCR demonstrated that AST could regulate the gene expressions of the AMPK/SREBP1c pathway by downregulating lipogenesis correlated-genes and upregulating the lipid oxidant related-gene. The present study revealed the new function of AST in regulating lipid metabolism, which provided a theoretical basis for the development of high-quality AST functional food and the application of diet active substances in obesity, as demonstrated in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China.
| | - Haotian Ma
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China.
| | - Siyu Guan
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China.
| | - Tao Luo
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China.
| | - Chunchao Zhao
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China.
| | - Guiping Cai
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China.
| | - Yubin Zheng
- Shandong Jinjing Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Weifang 261000, China.
| | - Xiaoyun Jia
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China.
| | - Jianbing Di
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China.
| | - Runzhi Li
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China.
| | - Hongli Cui
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China.
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Elsayed HRH, El-Nablaway M, Khattab BA, Sherif RN, Elkashef WF, Abdalla AM, El Nashar EM, Abd-Elmonem MM, El-Gamal R. Independent of Calorie Intake, Short-term Alternate-day Fasting Alleviates NASH, With Modulation of Markers of Lipogenesis, Autophagy, Apoptosis, and Inflammation in Rats. J Histochem Cytochem 2021; 69:575-596. [PMID: 34448436 PMCID: PMC8427931 DOI: 10.1369/00221554211041607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a worldwide health problem. Alternate-day fasting (ADF), although thought to be aggressive, has proven safety and efficacy. We aimed to evaluate the effect of short-term ADF against already established high-fat-fructose (HFF)-induced NASH, independent of the amount of calorie intake, and to study the effect of ADF on lipogenesis, apoptosis, and hepatic inflammation. Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into two groups: (1) negative control and (2) NASH group fed on HFF for 9 weeks, and then randomized into two subgroups of either HFF alone or with ADF protocol for 3 weeks. The ADF could improve HFF-related elevation in serum lactate dehydrogenase and could decrease the mRNA expression of lipogenesis genes; acetyl CoA carboxylase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α; apoptotic genes caspase-3, p53, and inflammatory cyclo-oxygenase 2; and immunohistochemical staining for their proteins in liver with upregulation of LC3 and downregulation of P62 immunoexpression. Moreover, ADF ameliorated HFF-induced steatosis, inflammation, ballooning, and fibrosis through hematoxylin and eosin, Oil Red O, and Sirius Red staining, confirmed by morphometric analysis, without significant weight loss. Significant correlation of morphometric parameters with levels of gene expression was found. These findings suggest ADF to be a safe effective therapeutic agent in the management of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rania N. Sherif
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology
- Department of Anatomy, Horus University, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Wagdi Fawzy Elkashef
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Asim Mohammed Abdalla
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Mohammad El Nashar
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | | | - Randa El-Gamal
- Department of Medical Biochemistry
- Department of Pathology and Medical Experimental Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Ali ES, Girard D, Petrovsky N. Impaired Ca 2+ signaling due to hepatic steatosis mediates hepatic insulin resistance in Alström syndrome mice that is reversed by GLP-1 analog treatment. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 321:C187-C198. [PMID: 34106786 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00020.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+ signaling plays a critical role in the regulation of hepatic metabolism by hormones including insulin. Changes in cytoplasmic Ca2+ regulate synthesis and posttranslational modification of key signaling proteins in the insulin pathways. Emerging evidence suggests that hepatocyte intracellular Ca2+ signaling is altered in lipid-loaded liver cells isolated from obese rodent models. The mechanisms of altered Ca2+-insulin and insulin-Ca2+ signaling pathways in obesity remain poorly understood. Here, we show that the kinetics of insulin-initiated intracellular (initial) Ca2+ release from endoplasmic reticulum is significantly impaired in steatotic hepatocytes from obese Alström syndrome mice. Furthermore, exenatide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog, reversed lipid-induced inhibition of intracellular Ca2+ release kinetics in steatotic hepatocytes, without affecting the total content of intracellular Ca2+ released. Exenatide reversed the lipid-induced inhibition of intracellular Ca2+ release, at least partially, via lipid reduction in hepatocytes, which then restored hormone-regulated cytoplasmic Ca2+ signaling and insulin sensitivity. This data provides additional evidence for the important role of Ca2+ signaling pathways in obesity-associated impaired hepatic lipid homeostasis and insulin signaling. It also highlights a potential advantage of GLP-1 analogs when used to treat type 2 diabetes associated with hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunus S Ali
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Nikolai Petrovsky
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Vaxine Pty Ltd, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Jellali R, Jacques S, Essaouiba A, Gilard F, Letourneur F, Gakière B, Legallais C, Leclerc E. Investigation of steatosis profiles induced by pesticides using liver organ-on-chip model and omics analysis. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 152:112155. [PMID: 33775782 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have reported a correlation between pesticides exposure and metabolic disorders. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and permethrin (PMT), two pesticides highly prevalent in the environment, have been associated to dysregulation of liver lipids and glucose metabolisms and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the effects of DDT/PMT mixtures and mechanisms mediating their action remain unclear. Here, we used multi-omic to investigate the liver damage induced by DDT, PMT and their mixture in rat liver organ-on-chip. Organ-on-chip allow the reproduction of in vivo-like micro-environment. Two concentrations, 15 and 150 μM, were used to expose the hepatocytes for 24 h under perfusion. The transcriptome and metabolome analysis suggested a dose-dependent effect for all conditions, with a profile close to control for pesticides low-doses. The comparison between control and high-doses detected 266/24, 256/24 and 1349/30 genes/metabolites differentially expressed for DDT150, PMT150 and Mix150 (DDT150/PMT150). Transcriptome modulation reflected liver inflammation, steatosis, necrosis, PPAR signaling and fatty acid metabolism. The metabolome analysis highlighted common signature of three treatments including lipid and carbohydrates production, and a decrease in amino acids and krebs cycle intermediates. Our study illustrates the potential of organ-on-chip coupled to multi-omics for toxicological studies and provides new tools for chemical risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachid Jellali
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche Royallieu CS 60319, 60203, Compiègne Cedex, France.
| | - Sebastien Jacques
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014, PARIS, France
| | - Amal Essaouiba
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche Royallieu CS 60319, 60203, Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Françoise Gilard
- Plateforme Métabolisme Métabolome, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, Univ. Paris-Sud, Univ. Evry, Univ. Paris-Diderot, Univ. Paris Saclay, Bâtiment 630 Rue Noetzlin, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Franck Letourneur
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014, PARIS, France
| | - Bertrand Gakière
- Plateforme Métabolisme Métabolome, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, Univ. Paris-Sud, Univ. Evry, Univ. Paris-Diderot, Univ. Paris Saclay, Bâtiment 630 Rue Noetzlin, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Cécile Legallais
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche Royallieu CS 60319, 60203, Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Eric Leclerc
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche Royallieu CS 60319, 60203, Compiègne Cedex, France.
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Gong MJ, Zhu CY, Zou ZJ, Han B, Huang P. Therapeutic potential of puerarin against methionine-choline-deficient diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis determined by combination of 1H NMR spectroscopy-based metabonomics and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 197:113964. [PMID: 33601157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.113964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Previously published studies have revealed the protective effect of puerarin against non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), but the definite mechanism of this effect still remains unclear. The present work was an attempt to assess the beneficial effects and the underlying mechanisms of puerarin on methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet-induced NASH in C57BL/6 mice by using a combination of metabonomics and 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabonomics showed significant hepatic and urinary metabolic phenotype changes between MCD-diet fed mice and the healthy controls. A total of eight and thirteen metabolites were identified as differential metabolites associated with NASH in liver tissue and urine of mice, respectively. The proposed pathways mainly included pyrimidine metabolism, one-carbon metabolism, amino acid metabolism, glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies. Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis delineated remarkable variations in gut microbiota profiles in response to MCD diet in mice and forty differential bacterial taxa related to NASH were found between the control and model group. Puerarin could improve hepatic steatosis and inflammation in NASH mice via partially ameliorating metabolic disorders and rebalancing the gut flora. Specifically, puerarin could inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-producing genus Helicobacter, and promote butyrate-producing genus Roseburia. These findings offered novel insights into the in-depth understanding of the pathogenesis of NASH and provided further evidence for the potential use of puerarin as an anti-NASH agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Juan Gong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Cai-Yan Zhu
- The Sixth Affilicated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Zhong-Jie Zou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bin Han
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ping Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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13
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, the latest evidence on the influence of dietary protein and plasma amino acids in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is discussed. RECENT FINDINGS Increasing protein consumption during weight loss and maintenance may help reduce liver fat content. Conversely, high protein intake characteristic of the unhealthy Western diet is associated with increased NAFLD prevalence and severity. Plasma concentration of several amino acids, including branched-chain (BCAA) and aromatic amino acids (AAA), is altered in NAFLD. Excess amino acid availability contributes to intrahepatic fat accumulation and may reflect poor dietary habits and dysregulation of amino acid metabolic processing in both liver and peripheral tissues. Specific amino acid patterns, characterized by increased BCAA, AAA, alanine, glutamate, lysine levels, and decreased glycine and serine levels, may be used for early detection of NAFLD and noninvasive assessment of its histological severity. SUMMARY Mechanistic studies in NAFLD have been mostly focused on carbohydrate and fat metabolism, while little is known about the influence of protein and amino acids. Moreover, intervention and observational studies on the relation between protein intake and NAFLD yielded conflicting results. Filling the current knowledge gaps would help define the optimal diet composition for NAFLD prevention and management. Furthermore, metabolomics studies may provide insight into the pathogenesis of NAFLD, identify useful diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, and unravel novel pharmacological targets and treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Tricò
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa
- Institute of Life Sciences, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies
| | - Edoardo Biancalana
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Solini
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa
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14
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Saki K, Mansouri V, Abdi S, Fathi M, Razzaghi Z, Haghazali M. Assessment of common and differentially expressed proteins between diabetes mellitus and fatty liver disease: a network analysis. GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY FROM BED TO BENCH 2021; 14:S94-S101. [PMID: 35154608 PMCID: PMC8817743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to introduce the main biomarkers related to NFLD and diabetes II to determine common pathogenic and metabolite factors linking NFLD to diabetes II. BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NFLD) is chronic hepatic failure with a broad range of hepatic disorders. NFLD and diabetes type 2 coexist regularly to drive adverse outcomes such as hepatocellular carcinoma and vascular complications. METHODS The proteins related to NFDL and diabetes mellitus were extracted from String database. Proteins related to each disease were included in protein-protein interaction networks in Cytoscape software. Obtained networks were analyzed using Cytoscape network analyzer. The central nodes were determined as top hubs based on degree value. The top hubs related to NFLD and diabetes mellites were compared. RESULTS In total, 200 proteins related to NFDL and diabetes mellitus were found separately in String database and connected through undirected edges in individual networks. Central nodes based on degree value were determined for each disease. Ten percent of top nodes were selected based on degree value as the 20 top hubs for each disease. Target common hub proteins between NFDL and diabetes mellitus comprised INS, AKT1, ALB, PPARG, IL6, GPDPH, LEP, TNF, ADIPOQ, IGF1, TP53, MAPK3, and SIRT1. CONCLUSION According to the results, 13 common and 14 discriminatory central dysregulated proteins were determined for NAFLD and diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kourosh Saki
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Mansouri
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Abdi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Fathi
- Critical Care Quality Improvement Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Razzaghi
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Haghazali
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Raja G, Jung Y, Jung SH, Kim TJ. 1H-NMR-based metabolomics for cancer targeting and metabolic engineering –A review. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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16
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Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Complex diseases with highly heterogenous disease progression among patient populations, cardiovascular diseases feature multifactorial contributions from both genetic and environmental stressors. Despite significant effort utilizing multiple approaches from molecular biology to genome-wide association studies, the genetic landscape of cardiovascular diseases, particularly for the nonfamilial forms of heart failure, is still poorly understood. In the past decade, systems-level approaches based on omics technologies have become an important approach for the study of complex traits in large populations. These advances create opportunities to integrate genetic variation with other biological layers to identify and prioritize candidate genes, understand pathogenic pathways, and elucidate gene-gene and gene-environment interactions. In this review, we will highlight some of the recent progress made using systems genetics approaches to uncover novel mechanisms and molecular bases of cardiovascular pathophysiological manifestations. The key technology and data analysis platforms necessary to implement systems genetics will be described, and the current major challenges and future directions will also be discussed. For complex cardiovascular diseases, such as heart failure, systems genetics represents a powerful strategy to obtain mechanistic insights and to develop individualized diagnostic and therapeutic regiments, paving the way for precision cardiovascular medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph D. Rau
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medicine, Physiology
- Current address: Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Aldons J. Lusis
- Department of Human Genetics and Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Yibin Wang
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medicine, Physiology
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17
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Chen R, Zuo Z, Li Q, Wang H, Li N, Zhang H, Yu X, Liu Z. DHA substitution overcomes high-fat diet-induced disturbance in the circadian rhythm of lipid metabolism. Food Funct 2020; 11:3621-3631. [PMID: 32292967 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02606a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Disruptions to circadian rhythm have been associated with an increased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). DHA has been found to affect both circadian rhythm and lipid metabolism. In this study, the relationship between DHA substitution and improvements in lipid metabolism and circadian clock regulation was studied. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a control, a high fat or a DHA substituted diet for 12 weeks. Biochemical analysis and H&E staining showed that the high-fat diet (HFD) could induce NAFLD, and DHA substitution (AOH) could attenuate NAFLD. The qPCR results showed that the expressions of core clock genes Clock and Bmal1 were significantly higher at zeitgeber (ZT) 0 (7:00 am) than those at ZT12 (7:00 pm) in the control group, while this difference in day and night disappeared in the HFD group, but was observed in the AOH group. Western blotting results indicated that the expressions of rhythm output molecules (RORα and REV-ERBα) and their downstream protein INSIG2 all showed the corresponding circadian changes. SREBP-regulated proteins were significantly increased in the HFD group at both ZT0 and ZT12, but decreased in the AOH group accompanied by the corresponding changes in the protein expressions of HMGCR, LXR, CYP7A1 and CYP27A1. Altogether, HFD can decrease or disrupt circadian rhythm fluctuation by up-regulating the expression of core circadian rhythm genes Clock and Bmal1 at ZT12, and induce metabolic abnormalities through the INSIG2-SREBP pathway regulated by RORα and REV-ERBα. DHA substitution seems to restore circadian rhythm similar to the normal circadian rhythm of "night-high, day-low" through the metabolic pathway regulated by rhythmic nuclear receptors, improving the lipid metabolism rhythm and reducing liver fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rulong Chen
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center of Healthy Food, School of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
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18
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Beyoğlu D, Idle JR. Metabolomic and Lipidomic Biomarkers for Premalignant Liver Disease Diagnosis and Therapy. Metabolites 2020; 10:E50. [PMID: 32012846 PMCID: PMC7074571 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10020050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a plethora of attempts to discover biomarkers that are more reliable than α-fetoprotein for the early prediction and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Efforts have involved such fields as genomics, transcriptomics, epigenetics, microRNA, exosomes, proteomics, glycoproteomics, and metabolomics. HCC arises against a background of inflammation, steatosis, and cirrhosis, due mainly to hepatic insults caused by alcohol abuse, hepatitis B and C virus infection, adiposity, and diabetes. Metabolomics offers an opportunity, without recourse to liver biopsy, to discover biomarkers for premalignant liver disease, thereby alerting the potential of impending HCC. We have reviewed metabolomic studies in alcoholic liver disease (ALD), cholestasis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Specificity was our major criterion in proposing clinical evaluation of indole-3-lactic acid, phenyllactic acid, N-lauroylglycine, decatrienoate, N-acetyltaurine for ALD, urinary sulfated bile acids for cholestasis, cervonoyl ethanolamide for fibrosis, 16α-hydroxyestrone for cirrhosis, and the pattern of acyl carnitines for NAFL and NASH. These examples derive from a large body of published metabolomic observations in various liver diseases in adults, adolescents, and children, together with animal models. Many other options have been tabulated. Metabolomic biomarkers for premalignant liver disease may help reduce the incidence of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey R. Idle
- Arthur G. Zupko’s Division of Systems Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, 75 Dekalb Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA;
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19
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Su RC, Lad A, Breidenbach JD, Blomquist TM, Gunning WT, Dube P, Kleinhenz AL, Malhotra D, Haller ST, Kennedy DJ. Hyperglycemia induces key genetic and phenotypic changes in human liver epithelial HepG2 cells which parallel the Leprdb/J mouse model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225604. [PMID: 31805072 PMCID: PMC6894821 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing global health concern. With a propensity to progress towards non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, NAFLD is an important link amongst a multitude of comorbidities including obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular and kidney disease. As several in vivo models of hyperglycemia and NAFLD are employed to investigate the pathophysiology of this disease process, we aimed to characterize an in vitro model of hyperglycemia that was amenable to address molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets at the cellular level. Utilizing hyperglycemic cell culturing conditions, we induced steatosis within a human hepatocyte cell line (HepG2 cells), as confirmed by electron microscopy. The deposition and accumulation of lipids within hyperglycemic HepG2 cells is significantly greater than in normoglycemic cells, as visualized and quantified by Nile red staining. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), diagnostic biomarkers for liver damage and disease, were found to be upregulated in hyperglycemic HepG2 cells as compared with normoglycemic cells. Suppression of CEACAM1, GLUT2, and PON1, and elevation of CD36, PCK1, and G6PK were also found to be characteristic in hyperglycemic HepG2 cells compared with normoglycemic cells, suggesting insulin resistance and NAFLD. These in vitro findings mirror the characteristic genetic and phenotypic profile seen in Leprdb/J mice, a well-established in vivo model of NAFLD. In conclusion, we characterize an in vitro model displaying several key genetic and phenotypic characteristics in common with NAFLD that may assist future studies in addressing the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets to combat this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin C. Su
- Department of Medicine, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Apurva Lad
- Department of Medicine, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Joshua D. Breidenbach
- Department of Medicine, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Thomas M. Blomquist
- Department of Pathology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - William T. Gunning
- Department of Pathology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Prabhatchandra Dube
- Department of Medicine, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Andrew L. Kleinhenz
- Department of Medicine, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Deepak Malhotra
- Department of Medicine, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Steven T. Haller
- Department of Medicine, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DK); (SH)
| | - David J. Kennedy
- Department of Medicine, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DK); (SH)
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20
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Blencowe M, Karunanayake T, Wier J, Hsu N, Yang X. Network Modeling Approaches and Applications to Unravelling Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E966. [PMID: 31771247 PMCID: PMC6947017 DOI: 10.3390/genes10120966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a progressive condition of the liver encompassing a range of pathologies including steatosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Research into this disease is imperative due to its rapid growth in prevalence, economic burden, and current lack of FDA approved therapies. NAFLD involves a highly complex etiology that calls for multi-tissue multi-omics network approaches to uncover the pathogenic genes and processes, diagnostic biomarkers, and potential therapeutic strategies. In this review, we first present a basic overview of disease pathogenesis, risk factors, and remaining knowledge gaps, followed by discussions of the need and concepts of multi-tissue multi-omics approaches, various network methodologies and application examples in NAFLD research. We highlight the findings that have been uncovered thus far including novel biomarkers, genes, and biological pathways involved in different stages of NAFLD, molecular connections between NAFLD and its comorbidities, mechanisms underpinning sex differences, and druggable targets. Lastly, we outline the future directions of implementing network approaches to further improve our understanding of NAFLD in order to guide diagnosis and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montgomery Blencowe
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, 610 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (M.B.); (T.K.); (J.W.); (N.H.)
- Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, 610 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tilan Karunanayake
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, 610 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (M.B.); (T.K.); (J.W.); (N.H.)
| | - Julian Wier
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, 610 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (M.B.); (T.K.); (J.W.); (N.H.)
| | - Neil Hsu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, 610 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (M.B.); (T.K.); (J.W.); (N.H.)
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, 610 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (M.B.); (T.K.); (J.W.); (N.H.)
- Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, 610 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Interdepartmental Program of Bioinformatics, University of California, Los Angeles, 610 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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21
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Identifying Interaction Clusters for MiRNA and MRNA Pairs in TCGA Network. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10090702. [PMID: 31514484 PMCID: PMC6770970 DOI: 10.3390/genes10090702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Existing methods often fail to recognize the conversions for the biological roles of the pairs of genes and microRNAs (miRNAs) between the tumor and normal samples. We have developed a novel cluster scoring method to identify messenger RNA (mRNA) and miRNA interaction pairs and clusters while considering tumor and normal samples jointly. Our method has identified 54 significant clusters for 15 cancer types selected from The Cancer Genome Atlas project. We also determined the shared clusters across tumor types and/or subtypes. In addition, we compared gene and miRNA overlap between lists identified in our liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) study and regulatory relationships reported from human and rat nonalcoholic fatty liver disease studies (NAFLD). Finally, we analyzed biological functions for the single significant cluster in LIHC and uncovered a significantly enriched pathway (phospholipase D signaling pathway) with six genes represented in the cluster, symbols: DGKQ, LPAR2, PDGFRB, PIK3R3, PTGFR and RAPGEF3.
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22
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Di Mauro S, Scamporrino A, Petta S, Urbano F, Filippello A, Ragusa M, Di Martino MT, Scionti F, Grimaudo S, Pipitone RM, Privitera G, Di Pino A, Scicali R, Valenti L, Dongiovanni P, Fracanzani A, Rabuazzo AM, Craxì A, Purrello M, Purrello F, Piro S. Serum coding and non-coding RNAs as biomarkers of NAFLD and fibrosis severity. Liver Int 2019; 39:1742-1754. [PMID: 31169972 PMCID: PMC6771597 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS In patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), liver biopsy is the gold standard to detect non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and stage liver fibrosis. We aimed to identify differentially expressed mRNAs and non-coding RNAs in serum samples of biopsy-diagnosed mild and severe NAFLD patients with respect to controls and to each other. METHODS We first performed a whole transcriptome analysis through microarray (n = 12: four Control: CTRL; four mild NAFLD: NAS ≤ 4 F0; four severe NAFLD NAS ≥ 5 F3), followed by validation of selected transcripts through real-time PCRs in an independent internal cohort of 88 subjects (63 NAFLD, 25 CTRL) and in an external cohort of 50 NAFLD patients. A similar analysis was also performed on liver biopsies and HepG2 cells exposed to oleate:palmitate or only palmitate (cellular model of NAFL/NASH) at intracellular/extracellular levels. Transcript correlation with histological/clinical data was also analysed. RESULTS We identified several differentially expressed coding/non-coding RNAs in each group of the study cohort. We validated the up-regulation of UBE2V1, BNIP3L mRNAs, RP11-128N14.5 lncRNA, TGFB2/TGFB2-OT1 coding/lncRNA in patients with NAS ≥ 5 (vs NAS ≤ 4) and the up-regulation of HBA2 mRNA, TGFB2/TGFB2-OT1 coding/lncRNA in patients with Fibrosis stages = 3-4 (vs F = 0-2). In in vitro models: UBE2V1, RP11-128N14.5 and TGFB2/TGFB2-OT1 had an increasing expression trend ranging from CTRL to oleate:palmitate or only palmitate-treated cells both at intracellular and extracellular level, while BNIP3L was up-regulated only at extracellular level. UBE2V1, RP11-128N14.5, TGFB2/TGFB2-OT1 and HBA2 up-regulation was also observed at histological level. UBE2V1, RP11-128N14.5, BNIP3L and TGFB2/TGFB2-OT1 correlated with histological/biochemical data. Combinations of TGFB2/TGFB2-OT1 + Fibrosis Index based on the four factors (FIB-4) showed an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.891 (P = 3.00E-06) or TGFB2/TGFB2-OT1 + Fibroscan (AUC = 0.892, P = 2.00E-06) improved the detection of F = 3-4 with respect to F = 0-2 fibrosis stages. CONCLUSIONS We identified specific serum coding/non-coding RNA profiles in severe and mild NAFLD patients that possibly mirror the molecular mechanisms underlying NAFLD progression towards NASH/fibrosis. TGFB2/TGFB2-OT1 detection improves FIB-4/Fibroscan diagnostic performance for advanced fibrosis discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Di Mauro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi‐Nesima HospitalUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly
| | - Alessandra Scamporrino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi‐Nesima HospitalUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly
| | - Salvatore Petta
- Section of Gastroenterology, Di.Bi.M.I.SUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Francesca Urbano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi‐Nesima HospitalUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly
| | - Agnese Filippello
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi‐Nesima HospitalUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly
| | - Marco Ragusa
- Department of BioMedical Sciences and BioTechnologySection of Biology and Genetics Giovanni Sichel, Unit of Molecular, Genome and Complex Systems BioMedicineCataniaItaly,Oasi Research Institute - IRCCSTroina94018Italy
| | - Maria T. Di Martino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical MedicineMagna Graecia UniversityCatanzaroItaly
| | - Francesca Scionti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical MedicineMagna Graecia UniversityCatanzaroItaly
| | - Stefania Grimaudo
- Section of Gastroenterology, Di.Bi.M.I.SUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | | | - Graziella Privitera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi‐Nesima HospitalUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly
| | - Antonino Di Pino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi‐Nesima HospitalUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly
| | - Roberto Scicali
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi‐Nesima HospitalUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly
| | - Luca Valenti
- Translational MedicineUniversity of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Pad MarangoniMilanItaly
| | - Paola Dongiovanni
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Section of Internal MedicineUniversity of Milan, Fondazione Ca' Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
| | - Anna Fracanzani
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Section of Internal MedicineUniversity of Milan, Fondazione Ca' Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
| | - Agata M. Rabuazzo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi‐Nesima HospitalUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly
| | - Antonio Craxì
- Section of Gastroenterology, Di.Bi.M.I.SUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Michele Purrello
- Department of BioMedical Sciences and BioTechnologySection of Biology and Genetics Giovanni Sichel, Unit of Molecular, Genome and Complex Systems BioMedicineCataniaItaly
| | - Francesco Purrello
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi‐Nesima HospitalUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly
| | - Salvatore Piro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi‐Nesima HospitalUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly
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Liu Y, Li Q, Wang H, Zhao X, Li N, Zhang H, Chen G, Liu Z. Fish oil alleviates circadian bile composition dysregulation in male mice with NAFLD. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 69:53-62. [PMID: 31055233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies have found that fish oil rich in ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA) protects against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in mice. This study was aimed to explore the effects of fish oil on high fat diet (HFD)-induced circadian bile composition chaos. Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups, a control group (CON), a HFD group and a fish oil (FO) group, which were fed a normal chow diet, a HFD, and a HFD supplemented with FO, respectively for 12 weeks. At the end of the experiment, liver tissue, blood and bile samples were processed at 12-h intervals with the first one at zeitgeber time 0 (ZT0) and the second at zeitgeber time 12 (ZT12). Metabolites in bile were determined using UPLC-QTOF-MS, screened using multivariate statistical analysis, and analyzed using KEGG database and Metaboanalyst. The expression levels of key proteins in bile acid metabolism were examined using western blot. Results of biochemical analysis and H&E staining illustrated that feeding of HFD induced NAFLD, which was ameliorated in FO group. The bile content of each group at ZT0 (CON, HFD, or FO group) was respectively higher than that at ZT12 (P<.05). The metabolic pathway analysis of differential metabolites showed that these differences were correlated with amino acid metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis and primary bile acid synthesis at ZT0. FO supplement could modify bile composition, which was related to the influence of its ω-3 PUFA on liver metabolism. ω-3 PUFA may also regulate the circadian rhythm of bile metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center of Healthy Food, School of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Qi Li
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center of Healthy Food, School of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Hualin Wang
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center of Healthy Food, School of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Xiuju Zhao
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center of Healthy Food, School of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Na Li
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center of Healthy Food, School of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center of Healthy Food, School of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Guoxun Chen
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center of Healthy Food, School of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
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Baek JH, Kim NJ, Song JK, Chun KH. Kahweol inhibits lipid accumulation and induces Glucose-uptake through activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). BMB Rep 2018; 50:566-571. [PMID: 28602160 PMCID: PMC5720470 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2017.50.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Weight loss ≥ 5 percent is sufficient to significantly reduce health risks for obese people; therefore, development of novel weight loss compounds with reduced toxicity is urgently required. After screening of natural compounds with anti-adipogenesis properties in 3T3-L1 cells, we determined that kahweol, a coffee-specific diterpene, inhibited adipogenesis. Kahweol reduced lipid accumulation and expression levels of adipogenesis and lipid accumulation-related factors. Levels of phosphorylated AKT and phosphorylated JAK2, that induce lipid accumulation, decreased in kahweol-treated cells. Particularly, kahweol treatment significantly increased AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. We revealed that depletion of AMPK alleviated reduction in lipid accumulation from kahweol treatment, suggesting that inhibition of lipid accumulation by kahweol is dependent on AMPK activation. We detected more rapid reduction in blood glucose levels in mice administrated kahweol than in control mice. We suggest that kahweol has anti-obesity effects and should be studied further for possible therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hwan Baek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, and Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Nam-Jun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, and Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jun-Kyu Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, and Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Kyung-Hee Chun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, and Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
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Gitto S, Schepis F, Andreone P, Villa E. Study of the Serum Metabolomic Profile in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Research and Clinical Perspectives. Metabolites 2018; 8:metabo8010017. [PMID: 29495258 PMCID: PMC5876006 DOI: 10.3390/metabo8010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, metabolomics has attracted great scientific attention. The metabolomics methodology might permit a view into transitional phases between healthy liver and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Metabolomics can help to analyze the metabolic alterations that play a main role in the progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Lipid, glucose, amino acid, and bile acid metabolism should be widely studied to understand the complex pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. The discovery of new biomarkers would be important for diagnosis and staging of liver disease as well as for the assessment of efficacy of new drugs. Here, we review the metabolomics data regarding nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. We analyzed the main studies regarding the application of metabolomics methodology in the complex context of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, trying to create a bridge from the basic to the clinical aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Gitto
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
- Research Centre for the Study of Hepatitis, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Filippo Schepis
- Department of Gastroenterology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy.
| | - Pietro Andreone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
- Research Centre for the Study of Hepatitis, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Erica Villa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy.
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