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Manglani K, Anika NN, Patel D, Jhaveri S, Avanthika C, Sudan S, Alimohamed Z, Tiwari K. Correlation of Leptin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Cureus 2024; 16:e57667. [PMID: 38707092 PMCID: PMC11070180 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The exponential increase in diabetes mellitus (DM) poses serious public health concerns. In this review, we focus on the role of leptin in type 2 DM. The peripheral actions of leptin consist of upregulating proinflammatory cytokines which play an important role in the pathogenesis of type 2 DM and insulin resistance. Moreover, leptin is known to inhibit insulin secretion and plays a significant role in insulin resistance in obesity and type 2 DM. A literature search was conducted on Medline, Cochrane, Embase, and Google Scholar for relevant articles published until December 2023. The following search strings and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH terms) were used: "Diabetes Mellitus," "Leptin," "NPY," and "Biomarker." This article aims to discuss the physiology of leptin in type 2 DM, its glucoregulatory actions, its relationship with appetite, the impact that various lifestyle modifications can have on leptin levels, and, finally, explore leptin as a potential target for various treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajol Manglani
- Internal Medicine, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, USA
| | | | - Dhriti Patel
- Medicine and Surgery, B.J. Medical College and Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, IND
| | - Sharan Jhaveri
- Medicine and Surgery, Smt. Nathiba Hargovandas Lakhmichand Municipal Medical College, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, IND
| | - Chaithanya Avanthika
- Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Elmhurst Hospital Center, New York, USA
- Medicine and Surgery, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubballi, IND
| | - Sourav Sudan
- Internal Medicine, Government Medical College, Rajouri, Rajouri, IND
| | - Zainab Alimohamed
- Division of Research & Academic Affairs, Larkin Health System, South Miami, USA
| | - Kripa Tiwari
- Internal Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, New York, USA
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2
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Gómez-Vilarrubla A, Mas-Parés B, Carreras-Badosa G, Bonmatí-Santané A, Martínez-Calcerrada JM, Niubó-Pallàs M, de Zegher F, Ibáñez L, López-Bermejo A, Bassols J. DNA Methylation Signatures in Paired Placenta and Umbilical Cord Samples: Relationship with Maternal Pregestational Body Mass Index and Offspring Metabolic Outcomes. Biomedicines 2024; 12:301. [PMID: 38397903 PMCID: PMC10886657 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
An epigenomic approach was used to study the impact of maternal pregestational body mass index (BMI) on the placenta and umbilical cord methylomes and their potential effect on the offspring's metabolic phenotype. DNA methylome was assessed in 24 paired placenta and umbilical cord samples. The differentially methylated CpGs associated with maternal pregestational BMI were identified and the metabolic pathways and the potentially related diseases affected by their annotated genes were determined. Two top differentially methylated CpGs were studied in 90 additional samples and the relationship with the offspring's metabolic phenotype was determined. The results showed that maternal pregestational BMI is associated with the methylation of genes involved in endocrine and developmental pathways with potential effects on type 2 diabetes and obesity. The methylation and expression of HADHA and SLC2A8 genes in placenta and umbilical cord were related to several metabolic parameters in the offspring at 6 years (weight SDS, height SDS, BMI SDS, Δ BW-BMI SDS, FM SDS, waist, SBP, TG, HOMA-IR, perirenal fat; all p < 0.05). Our data suggest that epigenetic analysis in placenta and umbilical cord may be useful for identifying individual vulnerability to later metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Gómez-Vilarrubla
- Maternal-Fetal Metabolic Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBGI), 17190 Salt, Spain
| | - Berta Mas-Parés
- Pediatric Endocrinology Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBGI), 17190 Salt, Spain
| | - Gemma Carreras-Badosa
- Pediatric Endocrinology Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBGI), 17190 Salt, Spain
| | | | | | - Maria Niubó-Pallàs
- Maternal-Fetal Metabolic Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBGI), 17190 Salt, Spain
| | - Francis de Zegher
- Department of Development & Regeneration, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Lourdes Ibáñez
- Endocrinology, Pediatric Research Institute, Sant Joan de Déu Children’s Hospital, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Health Institute Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Abel López-Bermejo
- Pediatric Endocrinology Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBGI), 17190 Salt, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital, 17007 Girona, Spain
| | - Judit Bassols
- Maternal-Fetal Metabolic Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBGI), 17190 Salt, Spain
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Ustianowski Ł, Udzik J, Szostak J, Gorący A, Ustianowska K, Pawlik A. Genetic and Epigenetic Factors in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16619. [PMID: 38068941 PMCID: PMC10706782 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes (GDM) is the carbohydrate intolerance occurring during pregnancy. The risk factors of GDM include obesity, advanced maternal age, polycystic ovary syndrome, multigravidity, a sedentary lifestyle, and pre-existing hypertension. Additionally, complex genetic and epigenetic processes are also believed to play a crucial role in the development of GDM. In this narrative review, we discuss the role of genetic and epigenetic factors in gestational diabetes mellitus pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Ustianowski
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (Ł.U.); (J.U.); (K.U.)
| | - Jakub Udzik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (Ł.U.); (J.U.); (K.U.)
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Joanna Szostak
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Anna Gorący
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Klaudia Ustianowska
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (Ł.U.); (J.U.); (K.U.)
| | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (Ł.U.); (J.U.); (K.U.)
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4
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Humardani FM, Mulyanata LT, Dwi Putra SE. Adipose cell-free DNA in diabetes. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 539:191-197. [PMID: 36549639 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-associated necrosis is a well-known source of cell-free DNA (cfDNA). However, the origins of cfDNA are not strictly limited to cancer. Additionally, dietary exposure induces apoptosis-induced proliferation in adipocytes, leading to the release of cfDNA. The genetic information derived from cfDNA as a result of apoptosis-induced proliferation contains specific methylation patterns in adipose tissue that can be used as a marker to detect the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in the future. cfDNA is superior to peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) and whole blood samples for reflecting tissue pathology due to the frequent use of PBL and whole blood samples that do not match tissue pathology. The difficulty of demonstrating that cfDNA is derived from adipose tissue. We propose several promising techniques by analyzing cfDNA derived from adipose tissue to detect T2DM risk. First, adipose-specific genes such as ADIPOQ and Leptin were utilized. Second, MCTA-Seq, EpiSCORE, deconvolution, multiplexing, and automated machine learning (AutoML) were used to determine the proportion of total methylation in related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sulistyo Emantoko Dwi Putra
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia; Raya Kalingrungkut Road, Kali Rungkut, State of Rungkut, Surabaya City, East Java 60293, Indonesia.
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5
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Kaiyrlykyzy A, Umbayev B, Masoud AR, Baibulatova A, Tsoy A, Olzhayev F, Alzhanova D, Zholdasbekova G, Davletov K, Akilzhanova A, Askarova S. Circulating adiponectin levels, expression of adiponectin receptors, and methylation of adiponectin gene promoter in relation to Alzheimer's disease. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:262. [PMID: 36527105 PMCID: PMC9756783 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01420-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of adiponectin (ADIPOQ) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been documented, however, demonstrating controversial results. In this study, we investigated blood serum ADIPOQ levels, methylation of the adiponectin gene promoter, and adiponectin receptors (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2) expression in blood samples isolated from AD patients and healthy controls. METHODS We performed a case-control study including 248 subjects (98 AD patients and 150 healthy controls); ADIPOQ serum levels, AdipoR1, and AdipoR2 levels in PBMC were measured by ELISA Kits, and ADIPOQ gene methylation was analyzed using methyl-specific PCR. RESULTS Serum adiponectin levels were threefold higher in the AD group compared to the controls. We have also found a positive correlation between adiponectin and MMSE scores and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in AD patients. A significant difference in the proportion of methylation of the CpG sites at - 74 nt of the ADIPOQ gene promoter was detected in AD cases, and the levels of adiponectin in blood serum were significantly higher in methylated samples in the AD group compared to controls. The amount of AdipoR1 was significantly higher among AD subjects, while the expression of AdipoR2 did not vary between AD patients and controls. CONCLUSION These findings may contribute to a deeper understanding of the etiological factors leading to the development of dementia and may serve as a basis for the development of predictive biomarkers of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiym Kaiyrlykyzy
- grid.428191.70000 0004 0495 7803Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Avenue, Astana, Kazakhstan ,grid.77184.3d0000 0000 8887 5266Faculty of Medicine and Public Health, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Bauyrzhan Umbayev
- grid.428191.70000 0004 0495 7803Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Avenue, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Abdul-Razak Masoud
- grid.428191.70000 0004 0495 7803Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Avenue, Astana, Kazakhstan ,grid.259237.80000000121506076Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA USA
| | - Aida Baibulatova
- grid.428191.70000 0004 0495 7803Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Avenue, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Andrey Tsoy
- grid.428191.70000 0004 0495 7803Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Avenue, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Farkhad Olzhayev
- grid.428191.70000 0004 0495 7803Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Avenue, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Dinara Alzhanova
- grid.501850.90000 0004 0467 386XDepartment of Neurology and Psychiatry, Astana Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan ,Open Clinic, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Gulnaz Zholdasbekova
- grid.443557.40000 0004 0400 6856Karaganda State Medical University, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
| | - Kairat Davletov
- grid.443453.10000 0004 0387 8740Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Ainur Akilzhanova
- grid.428191.70000 0004 0495 7803Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Avenue, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Sholpan Askarova
- grid.428191.70000 0004 0495 7803Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Avenue, Astana, Kazakhstan
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6
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Manco M, Crudele A, Mosca A, Caccamo R, Braghini MR, De Vito R, Alterio A, Pizzolante F, De Peppo F, Alisi A. LncOb rs10487505 variant is associated with leptin levels in pediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Pediatr Res 2022; 92:1737-1743. [PMID: 35354928 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02032-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low and high leptin levels are associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The LncOb rs10487505 variant has been associated with body mass index (BMI), and the C allele was reported as leptin-lowering. We evaluated the association of rs10487505 with leptin levels, liver histology, and surgery-induced weight loss in youths with NAFLD. METHODS One-hundred five obese youths with NAFLD, of whom 19 undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), were analyzed for rs10487505 and leptin circulating levels. RESULTS The G allele frequency was lower in youths with NAFLD than in controls (p = 0.049). No difference was found in anthropometrics, biochemistry and histology between G allele carriers and CC homozygotes, except for leptin levels (p = 0.016). Leptin correlated with body weight, BMI, BMI-z score, waist circumference, insulin resistance/sensitivity, and triglycerides (p ≤ 0.01). A multivariable regression model including body weight and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance was a good predictor of plasma leptin (R2 = 0.45), and the addition of genotype to the model increased the R2 to 0.50. Following LSG, leptin levels and body weight were more reduced in G allele carriers (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS LncOb rs10487505 variant was associated with pediatric NAFLD and high leptin levels, and with weight and leptin reduction after LSG in youths. IMPACT The interplay of environment, genetics and epigenetics is crucial inflating the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Several long non-coding RNA (LncRNAs) are found associated with NAFLD pathogenesis. Here, we evaluated the impact of the genetic variant rs10487505 in LncOb which is involved in the regulation of leptin gene expression. The LncOb rs10487505 is associated with increased levels of leptin, but not with liver histology, in youths with NAFLD. The LncOb rs10487505 was also associated with the significant decrease of leptin and body weight after bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Manco
- Multifactorial Disease and Complex Phenotype Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Crudele
- Research Unit of Molecular Genetics of Complex Phenotypes, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Mosca
- Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Romina Caccamo
- Pediatric Surgery Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rita Braghini
- Research Unit of Molecular Genetics of Complex Phenotypes, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita De Vito
- Pathology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Alterio
- Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Pizzolante
- U.O.C. Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco De Peppo
- Pediatric Surgery Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Alisi
- Research Unit of Molecular Genetics of Complex Phenotypes, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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7
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Wieting J, Jahn K, Buchholz V, Lichtinghagen R, Deest-Gaubatz S, Bleich S, Eberlein CK, Deest M, Frieling H. Alteration of serum leptin and LEP/LEPR promoter methylation in Prader-Willi syndrome. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2022; 143:105857. [PMID: 35803048 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder based on a loss of paternally expressed but maternally imprinted genes in chromosome region 15q11-13. PWS individuals typically show insatiable appetite with subsequent obesity representing the major mortality factor unless food intake is inhibited. The neurobiological basis of PWS-typical hyperphagia has remained poorly understood. Many PWS-typical abnormalities are based on hypothalamic dysregulation, a region in which hunger and satiety are hormonally regulated, with the hormone leptin being a main long-term regulator of satiety. Previous studies in PWS have inconsistently shown leptin alterations solely in early childhood, without investigating the leptin system on an epigenetic level. The present study investigates serum leptin levels (S-leptin) and DNA methylation of the leptin (LEP) and leptin receptor gene (LEPR) promoter in 24 individuals with PWS compared to 13 healthy controls matched for sex, age, and body mass index (BMI) and relates the results to the extent of hyperphagia in PWS. S-Leptin levels were obtained by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay. LEP/LEPR-promoter DNA methylation was assessed by bisulfite-sequencing, hyperphagia by Hyperphagia Questionnaire for Clinical Trials (HQ-CT). PWS and control groups differed significantly in S-leptin levels with higher S-leptin in PWS. Methylation analysis showed significant differences in mean promoter methylation rate both for LEP and LEPR with a lower methylation rate in PWS. LEPR, but not LEP methylation correlated significantly with S-leptin levels. S-leptin and both LEP and LEPR methylation did not correlate with HQ-CT scores in PWS. The present study is the first to show significantly elevated S-leptin levels in an adult PWS cohort combined with an altered, downregulated LEP and LEPR promoter methylation status compared to sex-, age- and BMI-matched controls. Analogous to previous studies, no link to the behavioral dimension could be drawn. Overall, the results suggest an increased leptin dysregulation in PWS, whereby the findings partly mirror those seen in non-syndromic obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelte Wieting
- Hannover Medical School, Department for Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Kirsten Jahn
- Hannover Medical School, Department for Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Vanessa Buchholz
- Hannover Medical School, Department for Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ralf Lichtinghagen
- Hannover Medical School, Department for Clinical Chemistry, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephanie Deest-Gaubatz
- Hannover Medical School, Department for Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Bleich
- Hannover Medical School, Department for Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian K Eberlein
- Hannover Medical School, Department for Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Maximilian Deest
- Hannover Medical School, Department for Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Helge Frieling
- Hannover Medical School, Department for Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Barouti Z, Heidari-Beni M, Shabanian-Boroujeni A, Mohammadzadeh M, Pahlevani V, Poursafa P, Mohebpour F, Kelishadi R. Effects of DNA methylation on cardiometabolic risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Public Health 2022; 80:150. [PMID: 35655232 PMCID: PMC9161587 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-022-00907-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epigenetic changes, especially DNA methylation have a main role in regulating cardiometabolic disorders and their risk factors. This study provides a review of the current evidence on the association between methylation of some genes (LINE1, ABCG1, SREBF1, PHOSPHO1, ADRB3, and LEP) and cardiometabolic risk factors. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted in electronic databases including Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar and Scopus up to end of 2020. All observational human studies (cross-sectional, case–control, and cohort) were included. Studies that assessed the effect of DNA methylation on cardiometabolic risk factors were selected. Results Among 1398 articles, eight studies and twenty-one studies were included in the meta-analysis and the systematic review, respectively. Our study showed ABCG1 and LINE1 methylation were positively associated with blood pressure (Fisher’s zr = 0.07 (0.06, 0.09), 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.08). Methylation in LINE1, ABCG1, SREBF1, PHOSPHO1 and ADRB3 had no significant association with HDL levels (Fisher’s zr = − 0.05 (− 0.13, 0.03), 95% CI:-0.12 to 0.02). Positive association was existed between LINE1, ABCG1 and LEP methylation and LDL levels (Fisher’s zr = 0.13 (0.04, 0.23), 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.23). Moreover, positive association was found between HbA1C and ABCG1 methylation (Fisher’s zr = 0.11 (0.09, 0.13), 95% CI: 0.09 to 0.12). DNA methylation of LINE1, ABCG1 and SREBF1 genes had no significant association with glucose levels (Fisher’s zr = 0.01 (− 0.12, 0.14), 95% CI:-0.12 to 0.14). Conclusion This meta-analysis showed that DNA methylation was associated with some cardiometabolic risk factors including LDL-C, HbA1C, and blood pressure. Registration Registration ID of the protocol on PROSPERO is CRD42020207677.
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Barbosa P, Landes RD, Graw S, Byrum SD, Bennuri S, Delhey L, Randolph C, MacLeod S, Reis A, Børsheim E, Rose S, Carvalho E. Effect of excess weight and insulin resistance on DNA methylation in prepubertal children. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8430. [PMID: 35589784 PMCID: PMC9120504 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12325-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, regulate gene expression and play a role in the development of insulin resistance. This study evaluates how the BMI z-score (BMIz) and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), alone or in combination, relate to clinical outcomes and DNA methylation patterns in prepubertal children. DNA methylation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and clinical outcomes were measured in a cohort of 41 prepubertal children. Children with higher HOMA-IR had higher blood pressure and plasma lactate levels while children with higher BMIz had higher triglycerides levels. Moreover, the DNA methylation analysis demonstrated that a 1 unit increase in the BMIz was associated with a 0.41 (95% CI: 0.29, 0.53) increase in methylation of a CpG near the PPP6R2 gene. This gene is important in the regulation of NF-kB expression. However, there was no strong evidence that the BMIz and the HOMA-IR were synergistically related to any clinical or DNA methylation outcomes. In summary, the results suggest that obesity and insulin resistance may impact metabolic health both independently in prepubertal children. In addition, obesity also has an impact on the DNA methylation of the PPP6R2 gene. This may be a novel underlying starting point for the systemic inflammation associated with obesity and insulin resistance, in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Barbosa
- PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Reid D Landes
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Stefan Graw
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Everest Clinical Research Corporation, Markham, ON, Canada
| | - Stephanie D Byrum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Sirish Bennuri
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Leanna Delhey
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Chris Randolph
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Stewart MacLeod
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Andreia Reis
- Department of Medical Sciences (DCM), Institute for Research in Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Elisabet Børsheim
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Shannon Rose
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Eugenia Carvalho
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. .,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. .,Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA. .,Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
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10
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Franzago M, Porreca A, D’Ardes M, Di Nicola M, Di Tizio L, Liberati M, Stuppia L, Vitacolonna E. The Obesogenic Environment: Epigenetic Modifications in Placental Melanocortin 4 Receptor Gene Connected to Gestational Diabetes and Smoking. Front Nutr 2022; 9:879526. [PMID: 35571924 PMCID: PMC9100829 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.879526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Maternal metabolic insults as well as Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) influence the fetal health and may affect ‘offspring’s susceptibility to chronic diseases via epigenetic modifications. GDM, the most common metabolic disorder in pregnancy, can be considered the result of complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. A critical point in this view is the identification of genes which are epigenetically modified under the influence of GDM. The melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) gene plays a crucial role in nutritional health by suppressing appetite and participating in energy control regulation. The correlations between pregnant ‘women’s metabolic profiles and placental epigenetic modifications of this gene have been poorly investigated. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of GDM and maternal clinical parameters at the third trimester of pregnancy to DNA methylation levels in the placenta at CpG sites of MC4R gene. Design and Methods Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, Mediterranean diet adherence, smoking habits, and physical activity were assessed at the third trimester of pregnancy of 60 Caucasian pregnant women, of which 33 with GDM. Clinical parameters of the newborns were recorded at birth. MC4R DNA methylation on maternal and fetal sides of the placenta was analyzed using bisulfite pyrosequencing. Results MC4R DNA methylation levels at CpG1 and CpG2 were lower on the fetal side of the placenta in GDM-affected women than in non-GDM-affected recruits (p = 0.033). Moreover, DNA methylation levels on the maternal side at CpG1 were positively related to glucose concentration at 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). On the other hand, CpG2 DNA methylation was positively related to both 1-h and 2-h during OGTT. Maternal DNA methylation level at CpG2 was also associated with low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) at the third trimester of pregnancy (rho = 0.340, p < 0.05), while CpG1 methylation was negatively related to maternal weight variations at delivery (rho = −0.316, p < 0.05). Significant associations between MC4R DNA methylation on the maternal side and lipid profile at third trimester of pregnancy in women smokers were found. Conclusion Our results suggest that MC4R methylation profile in the placenta is related to maternal metabolic and nutritional conditions, potentially affecting fetal programming and the future metabolic health of the newborn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marica Franzago
- Department of Medicine and Aging, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Annamaria Porreca
- Laboratory of Biostatistics, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mario D’Ardes
- Department of Medicine and Aging, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marta Di Nicola
- Laboratory of Biostatistics, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luciano Di Tizio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, SS. Annunziata Hospital, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Liberati
- Department of Medicine and Aging, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Liborio Stuppia
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ester Vitacolonna
- Department of Medicine and Aging, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
- *Correspondence: Ester Vitacolonna,
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11
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Lari F, Alabduljaleel T, Mojiminiyi O, Shehab D, Al-Temaimi RA. Exploring the relationship between vitamin D and leptin hormones in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients from Kuwait. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2022; 43:273-280. [PMID: 35417932 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2021-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity are prevalent in Kuwait. Vitamin D (VD) deficiency and leptin resistance are risk factors for both disorders. A correlation between the two risk factors has been suggested albeit inconsistently reported. Our objective was to determine the effect and association of VD and leptin levels and their related common variants with T2DM. METHODS This case-control study included 203 Kuwaiti T2DM patients and 162 healthy Kuwaiti controls. Leptin and VD levels were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assays. Genotyping of LEP rs7799039, LEPR rs1137101, VDR rs2228570 and rs731236 was performed using Taqman genotyping assays. RESULTS Leptin levels were higher in T2DM patients than controls, but vitamin D levels did not differ. No correlation was found between the levels of the two hormones. VDR rs731236G associated with T2DM risk (Odds ratio 1.66, p=0.0008). VDR haplotype analysis revealed GG/AA, GA/AA or GG/AG to associate with T2DM risk (p=0.01) and increased risk of diabetic neuropathy (p=0.002). VDR rs2228570GG associated with leptin levels in T2DM (p=0.01). Effect of LEP rs7799039 on leptin (p=0.01) and VD levels (p=0.02) was only evident in healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS VDR rs731236G is associated with T2DM risk in Kuwait, and a VDR haplotype of a less active, low expressing VDR is associated with T2DM and diabetic neuropathy risk. Common variants in leptin and VD related genes appear to mediate the suggested positive correlation of both hormones however their influence is disrupted in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatmah Lari
- Graduate medical program, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Taiba Alabduljaleel
- Graduate medical program, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Olusegun Mojiminiyi
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Clinical chemistry unit, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Dia Shehab
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Rabeah Abbas Al-Temaimi
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Human Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
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12
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Dessì A, Tognazzi C, Bosco A, Pintus R, Fanos V. Metabolomic profiles and microbiota of GDM offspring: The key for future perspective? Front Pediatr 2022; 10:941800. [PMID: 36275053 PMCID: PMC9579340 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.941800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), or any degree of glucose intolerance recognized for the first time during pregnancy, is one of the diseases that most frequently aggravates the course of gestation. Missed or late diagnosis and inadequate treatment are associated with high maternal and fetal morbidity, with possible short- and long-term repercussions. Estimates on the prevalence of GDM are alarming and increasing by about 30% in the last 10-20 years. In addition, there is the negative influence of the SARS-CoV-2 emergency on the glycemic control of pregnant women, making the matter increasingly topical. To date, knowledge on the metabolic maturation of newborns is still incomplete. However, in light of the considerable progress of the theory of "developmental origins of health and disease," the relevant role of the intrauterine environment cannot be overlooked. In fact, due to the high plasticity of the early stages of development, some detrimental metabolic alterations during fetal growth, including maternal hyperglycemia, are associated with a higher incidence of chronic diseases in adult life. In this context, metabolomic analysis which allows to obtain a detailed phenotypic portrait through the dynamic detection of all metabolites in cells, tissues and different biological fluids could be very useful for the early diagnosis and prevention of complications. Indeed, if the diagnostic timing is optimized through the identification of specific metabolites, the detailed understanding of the altered metabolic pathway could also allow better management and more careful monitoring, also from a nutritional profile, of the more fragile children. In this context, a further contribution derives from the analysis of the intestinal microbiota, the main responsible for the fecal metabolome, given its alteration in pregnancies complicated by GDM and the possibility of transmission to offspring. The purpose of this review is to analyze the available data regarding the alterations in the metabolomic profile and microbiota of the offspring of mothers with GDM in order to highlight future prospects for reducing GDM-related complications in children of mothers affected by this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Dessì
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU) Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Chiara Tognazzi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU) Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alice Bosco
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU) Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Roberta Pintus
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU) Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU) Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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13
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Panera N, Mandato C, Crudele A, Bertrando S, Vajro P, Alisi A. Genetics, epigenetics and transgenerational transmission of obesity in children. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1006008. [PMID: 36452324 PMCID: PMC9704419 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1006008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sedentary lifestyle and consumption of high-calorie foods have caused a relentless increase of overweight and obesity prevalence at all ages. Its presently epidemic proportion is disquieting due to the tight relationship of obesity with metabolic syndrome and several other comorbidities which do call for urgent workarounds. The usual ineffectiveness of present therapies and failure of prevention campaigns triggered overtime a number of research studies which have unveiled some relevant aspects of obesity genetic and epigenetic inheritable profiles. These findings are revealing extremely precious mainly to serve as a likely extra arrow to allow the clinician's bow to achieve still hitherto unmet preventive goals. Evidence now exists that maternal obesity/overnutrition during pregnancy and lactation convincingly appears associated with several disorders in the offspring independently of the transmission of a purely genetic predisposition. Even the pre-conception direct exposure of either father or mother gametes to environmental factors can reprogram the epigenetic architecture of cells. Such phenomena lie behind the transfer of the obesity susceptibility to future generations through a mechanism of epigenetic inheritance. Moreover, a growing number of studies suggests that several environmental factors such as maternal malnutrition, hypoxia, and exposure to excess hormones and endocrine disruptors during pregnancy and the early postnatal period may play critical roles in programming childhood adipose tissue and obesity. A deeper understanding of how inherited genetics and epigenetics may generate an obesogenic environment at pediatric age might strengthen our knowledge about pathogenetic mechanisms and improve the clinical management of patients. Therefore, in this narrative review, we attempt to provide a general overview of the contribution of heritable genetic and epigenetic patterns to the obesity susceptibility in children, placing a particular emphasis on the mother-child dyad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Panera
- Unit of Molecular Genetics of Complex Phenotypes, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Mandato
- Pediatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salermo, Italy
- *Correspondence: Anna Alisi, ; Claudia Mandato,
| | - Annalisa Crudele
- Unit of Molecular Genetics of Complex Phenotypes, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Bertrando
- Pediatrics Clinic, San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona University Hospital, Salerno, Italy
| | - Pietro Vajro
- Pediatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salermo, Italy
| | - Anna Alisi
- Unit of Molecular Genetics of Complex Phenotypes, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Anna Alisi, ; Claudia Mandato,
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14
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Song J, Chen Y, Zhao Q, Li H, Li W, Chen K, Yu J, Fu W, Chen D. Leptin Methylation and mRNA Expression Associated With Psychopathology in Schizophrenia Inpatients. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:793910. [PMID: 35197874 PMCID: PMC8858839 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.793910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin involved in the regulation of dopaminergic neurons of the central nervous system may confirm the hypothesis of neurodevelopment in schizophrenic patients. However, specific genetic mechanisms are undefined. Therefore, we aimed to explore the regulation of DNA methylation of leptin promoters and mRNA expression in patients with schizophrenia. A cross-sectional study enrolled 40 patients and 40 healthy controls from the Beijing Huilongguan Hospital in China. The leptin methylation levels and mRNA expression were examined by highly sensitive mass spectrometry based on the MassARRAY System and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS) was applied to estimate the clinical symptoms of patients. The LEP-CpG7 and CpG15 methylation in patients were significantly higher than in healthy controls (P < 0.05). The LEP-CpG11, CpG33.34.35, CpG36 methylation, and mRNA expression decreased significantly in patients compared with healthy controls (P < 0.05). After controlling gender, age, BMI, dose of antipsychotic and duration of illness, LEP-CpG7 methylation was negatively associated with PANSS positive symptoms subscore (r = -0.485, P = 0.005). In addition, LEP-mRNA expression was negatively correlated with PANSS total score (r = -0.385, P = 0.03) and positive subscale (r = -0.392, P = 0.026). Nevertheless, only the LEP-CpG7 methylation level remained negatively correlated to the PANSS positive subscore following multiple stepwise regression (β = -17.071, P = 0.037). These results suggest that leptin methylation and mRNA expression might contribute to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. LEP-CpG7 methylation may be negatively associated with positive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Song
- Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongna Li
- Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjin Yu
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weihong Fu
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dachun Chen
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, China
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15
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Alfano R, Robinson O, Handakas E, Nawrot TS, Vineis P, Plusquin M. Perspectives and challenges of epigenetic determinants of childhood obesity: A systematic review. Obes Rev 2022; 23 Suppl 1:e13389. [PMID: 34816569 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The tremendous increase in childhood obesity prevalence over the last few decades cannot merely be explained by genetics and evolutionary changes in the genome, implying that gene-environment interactions, such as epigenetic modifications, likely play a major role. This systematic review aims to summarize the evidence of the association between epigenetics and childhood obesity. A literature search was performed via PubMed and Scopus engines using a combination of terms related to epigenetics and pediatric obesity. Articles studying the association between epigenetic mechanisms (including DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation, non-coding RNAs, and chromatin and histones modification) and obesity and/or overweight (or any related anthropometric parameters) in children (0-18 years) were included. The risk of bias was assessed with a modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale for non-randomized studies. One hundred twenty-one studies explored epigenetic changes related to childhood obesity. DNA methylation was the most widely investigated mechanism (N = 101 studies), followed by non-coding RNAs (N = 19 studies) with evidence suggestive of an association with childhood obesity for DNA methylation of specific genes and microRNAs (miRNAs). One study, focusing on histones modification, was identified. Heterogeneity of findings may have hindered more insights into the epigenetic changes related to childhood obesity. Gaps and challenges that future research should face are herein described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Alfano
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Medical Research Council-Health Protection Agency Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Oliver Robinson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Medical Research Council-Health Protection Agency Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Evangelos Handakas
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Medical Research Council-Health Protection Agency Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Paolo Vineis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Medical Research Council-Health Protection Agency Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Unit of Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Human Genetic Foundation (HuGeF), Turin, Italy
| | - Michelle Plusquin
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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16
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Castilhos JKD, Campagnolo PDB, Almeida SD, Vitolo MR, Mattevi VS. Impact of maternal dietary counseling in the first year of life on DNA methylation in a cohort of children. Genet Mol Biol 2021; 44:e20200330. [PMID: 34874049 PMCID: PMC8670011 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2020-0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications established during prenatal and early life, including DNA methylation, have been suggested as potential mediators of the interaction between environmental exposures during the perinatal period and adult metabolic health adverse outcomes, especially cardiometabolic complications and overweight. The effect of a dietary intervention in the first year of life on global methylation levels in leukocyte samples from a cohort of children born between 2001 and 2002 in southern Brazil was examined. Overall methylation measurements were performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays on DNA samples from 237 children at 4 years old. Mean methylation values were higher in the intervention group (mean: 2.20 ± 1.31%) than in the control group (mean: 1.65 ± 1.11%; P = 0.001). It was observed that nutritional counseling in the first year increased breastfeeding duration and stimulated the development of healthier eating habits. Therefore, these factors might have contributed to increase global DNA methylation. The findings of the present study reinforce the notion that performing nutritional interventions in the early stages of life is important and provide further evidence of the interaction between the environment and epigenetic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Silvana de Almeida
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Márcia Regina Vitolo
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Suñé Mattevi
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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17
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Sadashiv, Modi A, Khokhar M, Sharma P, Joshi R, Mishra SS, Bharshankar R, Tiwari S, Singh PK, Bhosale VV, Negi MPS. Leptin DNA Methylation and Its Association with Metabolic Risk Factors in a Northwest Indian Obese Population. J Obes Metab Syndr 2021; 30:304-311. [PMID: 34380782 PMCID: PMC8526297 DOI: 10.7570/jomes20131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is well established that obesity is a major health risk in diabetes and associated diseases. Epigenetic changes, specially DNA methylation, play an important role in regulation of adipokines. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the DNA methylation status at the promoter region of the leptin gene in obese individuals and its association with metabolic risk factors. Methods The study included obese (n=100) and non-obese (n=75) individuals aged 25-45 years, and measured their physical, biochemical parameters (glucose, insulin, and lipid profiles) and leptin, DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), and DNA methyltransferase 3 beta (DNMT3b) mRNA expressions with real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). DNA methylation of the leptin gene at the promoter region was analyzed by methyl-specific qPCR . Results The study found that the DNA methylation level at the promoter area of the leptin gene was negatively associated with weight in obese subjects. Furthermore, study findings showed that the DNA methylation level was negatively associated with fasting insulin, glucose, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, and total cholesterol. There was also a higher expression of DNMT1 and DNMT-3b in obese subjects as compared with non-obese subjects. Conclusion The leptin epigenetic profile may be associated with obesity and its associated metabolic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadashiv
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Raebareli, Lucknow, India.,Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur, Lucknow, India.,Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal, Lucknow, India
| | - Anupama Modi
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur, Lucknow, India
| | - Manoj Khokhar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur, Lucknow, India
| | - Praveen Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur, Lucknow, India
| | - Rajnish Joshi
- Deparment of General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Rajay Bharshankar
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal, Lucknow, India
| | - Sunita Tiwari
- Department of Physiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bibinagar, Lucknow, India
| | - Vivek Vidyadhar Bhosale
- Toxicology and Experimental Medicine Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Mahendra Pal Singh Negi
- Toxicology and Experimental Medicine Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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18
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Womersley JS, Nothling J, Toikumo S, Malan-Müller S, van den Heuvel LL, McGregor NW, Seedat S, Hemmings SMJ. Childhood trauma, the stress response and metabolic syndrome: A focus on DNA methylation. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 55:2253-2296. [PMID: 34169602 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Childhood trauma (CT) is well established as a potent risk factor for the development of mental disorders. However, the potential of adverse early experiences to exert chronic and profound effects on physical health, including aberrant metabolic phenotypes, has only been more recently explored. Among these consequences is metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is characterised by at least three of five related cardiometabolic traits: hypertension, insulin resistance/hyperglycaemia, raised triglycerides, low high-density lipoprotein and central obesity. The deleterious effects of CT on health outcomes may be partially attributable to dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which coordinates the response to stress, and the consequent fostering of a pro-inflammatory environment. Epigenetic tags, such as DNA methylation, which are sensitive to environmental influences provide a means whereby the effects of CT can be biologically embedded and persist into adulthood to affect health and well-being. The methylome regulates the transcription of genes involved in the stress response, metabolism and inflammation. This narrative review examines the evidence for DNA methylation in CT and MetS in order to identify shared neuroendocrine and immune correlates that may mediate the increased risk of MetS following CT exposure. Our review specifically highlights differential methylation of FKBP5, the gene that encodes FK506-binding protein 51 and has pleiotropic effects on stress responding, inflammation and energy metabolism, as a central candidate to understand the molecular aetiology underlying CT-associated MetS risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline S Womersley
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.,South African Medical Research Council/Stellenbosch University Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jani Nothling
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.,South African Medical Research Council/Stellenbosch University Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.,Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sylvanus Toikumo
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Stefanie Malan-Müller
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Leigh L van den Heuvel
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.,South African Medical Research Council/Stellenbosch University Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nathaniel W McGregor
- Systems Genetics Working Group, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Soraya Seedat
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.,South African Medical Research Council/Stellenbosch University Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sîan M J Hemmings
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.,South African Medical Research Council/Stellenbosch University Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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19
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Masi S, Ambrosini S, Mohammed SA, Sciarretta S, Lüscher TF, Paneni F, Costantino S. Epigenetic Remodeling in Obesity-Related Vascular Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:1165-1199. [PMID: 32808539 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The prevalence of obesity and cardiometabolic phenotypes is alarmingly increasing across the globe and is associated with atherosclerotic vascular complications and high mortality. In spite of multifactorial interventions, vascular residual risk remains high in this patient population, suggesting the need for breakthrough therapies. The mechanisms underpinning obesity-related vascular disease remain elusive and represent an intense area of investigation. Recent Advances: Epigenetic modifications-defined as environmentally induced chemical changes of DNA and histones that do not affect DNA sequence-are emerging as a potent modulator of gene transcription in the vasculature and might significantly contribute to the development of obesity-induced endothelial dysfunction. DNA methylation and histone post-translational modifications cooperate to build complex epigenetic signals, altering transcriptional networks that are implicated in redox homeostasis, mitochondrial function, vascular inflammation, and perivascular fat homeostasis in patients with cardiometabolic disturbances. Critical Issues: Deciphering the epigenetic landscape in the vasculature is extremely challenging due to the complexity of epigenetic signals and their function in regulating transcription. An overview of the most important epigenetic pathways is required to identify potential molecular targets to treat or prevent obesity-related endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerotic disease. This would enable the employment of precision medicine approaches in this setting. Future Directions: Current and future research efforts in this field entail a better definition of the vascular epigenome in obese patients as well as the unveiling of novel, cell-specific chromatin-modifying drugs that are able to erase specific epigenetic signals that are responsible for maladaptive transcriptional alterations and vascular dysfunction in obese patients. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 1165-1199.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Masi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Samuele Ambrosini
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shafeeq A Mohammed
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy.,Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Thomas F Lüscher
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Heart Division, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital Trust, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Paneni
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Costantino
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Lima RS, Mattos RT, Medeiros NI, Kattah FM, Nascimento JRS, Menezes CA, Rios-Santos F, Dutra WO, Gomes JAS, Moreira PR. CXCL8 expression and methylation are correlated with anthropometric and metabolic parameters in childhood obesity. Cytokine 2021; 143:155538. [PMID: 33926776 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a global and increasing health issue. Inflammation and dysregulated adipose tissue secretion are common findings in obesity and have been related to poor metabolic function. Given that DNA methylation impacts gene expression and is responsive to environmental changes, we aimed, in addition to characterize the patients in anthropometric and biochemical terms, to determine the expression of cytokines and adipokines, assess the methylation on regulatory regions of the genes that code for these molecules, and investigate the association of the expression and gene methylation with anthropometric and biochemical parameters in childhood obesity. Obese children present dyslipidemia, dysregulated serum levels of adipokines and their ratios, altered leukocytic expression of cytokines, and higher methylation at the CXCL8 promoter as compared to the control group. However, no significant results were observed in the fasting plasma glucose levels or the methylation of TGFB1, LEP, and the enhancer region of ADIPOQ. We also found negative correlations of CXCL8 expression with anthropometric and biochemical parameters, and positive correlation of CXCL8 promoter methylation and the serum levels of hepatic enzymes. Our results indicate that changes in metabolic parameters observed in childhood obesity are associated with the expression of adipokines and cytokines, and the methylation status at the CXCL8 promoter. CXCL8 may be a key factor for these alterations, as it correlates with many of the parameters assessed in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael S Lima
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rafael T Mattos
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Nayara I Medeiros
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fabiana M Kattah
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Julya R S Nascimento
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Menezes
- Department of Genetics, State University of Santa Cruz, Bahia, Brazil; Service of Preventive Medicine - Unimed, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Fabricio Rios-Santos
- Department of Basic and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Walderez O Dutra
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology in Tropical Diseases - INCT-DT, Brazil
| | - Juliana A S Gomes
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paula R Moreira
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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21
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Adiponectin DNA methylation in South African women with gestational diabetes mellitus: Effects of HIV infection. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248694. [PMID: 33750967 PMCID: PMC7984613 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is increasingly recognized as a potential biomarker of metabolic disease. However, there is limited information on the impact of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on the candidacy of DNA methylation to serve as molecular biomarkers. This study investigated the effect of HIV infection on DNA methylation patterns in the peripheral blood of South African women with (n = 95) or without (n = 191) gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). DNA methylation levels at eight CpG sites in the adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) promoter were measured using bisulfite conversion and pyrosequencing. Differences between HIV negative (-) and positive (+) women were observed. In HIV- women, methylation at CpG -3400 was lower in GDM+ women compared to those with normoglycemia (8.5-fold; p = 0.004), and was associated with higher fasting glucose (β-co-efficient = 0.973; p = 0.006) and lower adiponectin (β-co-efficient = -0.057; p = 0.014) concentrations. These associations were not observed in HIV+ women. In silico analysis showed that Transcription Factor AP2-alpha is able to bind to the altered CpG site, suggesting that CpG -3400 may play a functional role in the regulation of ADIPOQ expression. Our findings show that DNA methylation differs by HIV status, suggesting that HIV infection needs to be taken into consideration in studies exploring DNA methylation as a biomarker of GDM in high HIV prevalence settings.
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Wilhelm J, Birkenstock A, Buchholz V, Müller A, Aly SA, Gruner-Labitzke K, Koehler H, Lichtinghagen R, Jahn K, Groh A, Kahl KG, de Zwaan M, Hillemacher T, Bleich S, Frieling H. Promoter Methylation of LEP and LEPR before and after Bariatric Surgery: A Cross-Sectional Study. Obes Facts 2021; 14:1-7. [PMID: 33530087 PMCID: PMC7983678 DOI: 10.1159/000511918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION DNA methylation constitutes one important epigenetic mechanism that regulates gene expression in human cells. With regard to obesity, bariatric surgery-induced weight loss has been associated with promoter methylation changes in several genes. Hyperleptinemia is a characteristic feature of obesity. The underlying regulating mechanisms have not yet been completely elucidated. METHODS We investigated the methylation of the promoters of the leptin gene (LEP) and the leptin receptor gene (LEPR) as well as leptin expression in pre- and postbariatric surgery patients using a comparative cross-sectional design. RESULTS Our results revealed significantly higher LEP promoter methylation patterns in prebariatric surgery patients compared to postoperatively. DNA methylation of the LEPR promoter was significantly higher in the postoperative group. Moreover, we found significantly higher leptin serum levels in patients before the bariatric surgery than afterwards. DISCUSSION These findings strengthen the suggestion that there is an association between LEP expression and LEP methylation in obesity. We suggest that the epigenetic profile of LEP might be influenced by leptin serum levels in the form of a regulating feedback mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Wilhelm
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry, and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Outpatient Treatment Center (ABC), Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Anna Birkenstock
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry, and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany,
| | - Vanessa Buchholz
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry, and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Astrid Müller
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sherif Adel Aly
- Department of Surgery, Herzogin Elisabeth Hospital, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Hinrich Koehler
- Department of Surgery, Herzogin Elisabeth Hospital, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ralf Lichtinghagen
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kirsten Jahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry, and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Adrian Groh
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry, and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kai G Kahl
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry, and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martina de Zwaan
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Hillemacher
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry, and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Bleich
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry, and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Helge Frieling
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry, and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests the growing importance of "nongenetic factors" in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic vascular disease. Indeed, the inherited genome determines only part of the risk profile as genomic approaches do not take into account additional layers of biological regulation by "epi"-genetic changes. Epigenetic modifications are defined as plastic chemical changes of DNA/histone complexes which critically affect gene activity without altering the DNA sequence. These modifications include DNA methylation, histone posttranslational modifications, and non-coding RNAs and have the ability to modulate gene expression at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional level. Notably, epigenetic signals are mainly induced by environmental factors (i.e., pollution, smoking, noise) and, once acquired, may be transmitted to the offspring. The inheritance of adverse epigenetic changes may lead to premature deregulation of pathways involved in vascular damage and endothelial dysfunction. Here, we describe the emerging role of epigenetic modifications as fine-tuners of gene transcription in atherosclerosis. Specifically, the following aspects are described in detail: (1) discovery and impact of the epigenome in cardiovascular disease, (2) the epigenetic landscape in atherosclerosis; (3) inheritance of epigenetic signals and premature vascular disease; (4) epigenetic control of lipid metabolism, vascular oxidative stress, inflammation, autophagy, and apoptosis; (5) epigenetic biomarkers in patients with atherosclerosis; (6) novel therapeutic strategies to modulate epigenetic marks. Understanding the individual epigenetic profile may pave the way for new approaches to determine cardiovascular risk and to develop personalized therapies to treat atherosclerosis and its complications.
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24
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Shao J, Bai X, Pan T, Li Y, Jia X, Wang J, Lai S. Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Changes of Perirenal Adipose Tissue in Rabbits Fed a High-Fat Diet. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E2213. [PMID: 33255930 PMCID: PMC7761299 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism that plays an important role in gene regulation without an altered DNA sequence. Previous studies have demonstrated that diet affects obesity by partially mediating DNA methylation. Our study investigated the genome-wide DNA methylation of perirenal adipose tissue in rabbits to identify the epigenetic changes of high-fat diet-mediated obesity. Two libraries were constructed pooling DNA of rabbits fed a standard normal diet (SND) and DNA of rabbits fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were identified using the option of the sliding window method, and online software DAVID Bioinformatics Resources 6.7 was used to perform Gene Ontology (GO) terms and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway enrichment analysis of DMRs-associated genes. A total of 12,230 DMRs were obtained, of which 2305 (1207 up-regulated, 1098 down-regulated) and 601 (368 up-regulated, 233 down-regulated) of identified DMRs were observed in the gene body and promoter regions, respectively. GO analysis revealed that the DMRs-associated genes were involved in developmental process (GO:0032502), cell differentiation (GO:0030154), and lipid binding (GO:0008289), and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed the DMRs-associated genes were enriched in linoleic acid metabolism (KO00591), DNA replication (KO03030), and MAPK signaling pathway (KO04010). Our study further elucidates the possible functions of DMRs-associated genes in rabbit adipogenesis, contributing to the understanding of HFD-mediated obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Shao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.S.); (X.B.); (Y.L.); (X.J.); (J.W.)
| | - Xue Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.S.); (X.B.); (Y.L.); (X.J.); (J.W.)
| | - Ting Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Yanhong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.S.); (X.B.); (Y.L.); (X.J.); (J.W.)
| | - Xianbo Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.S.); (X.B.); (Y.L.); (X.J.); (J.W.)
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.S.); (X.B.); (Y.L.); (X.J.); (J.W.)
| | - Songjia Lai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.S.); (X.B.); (Y.L.); (X.J.); (J.W.)
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Ambrosini S, Mohammed SA, Costantino S, Paneni F. Disentangling the epigenetic landscape in cardiovascular patients: a path toward personalized medicine. Minerva Cardiol Angiol 2020; 69:331-345. [PMID: 32996305 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5683.20.05326-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant advances in our understanding of cardiovascular disease (CVD) we are still far from having developed breakthrough strategies to combat coronary atherosclerosis and heart failure, which account for most of CV deaths worldwide. Available cardiovascular therapies have failed to show to be equally effective in all patients, suggesting that inter-individual diversity is an important factor when it comes to conceive and deliver effective personalized treatments. Genome mapping has proved useful in identifying patients who could benefit more from specific drugs depending on genetic variances; however, our genetic make-up determines only a limited part of an individual's risk profile. Recent studies have demonstrated that epigenetic changes - defined as dynamic changes of DNA and histones which do not affect DNA sequence - are key players in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease and may participate to delineate cardiovascular risk trajectories over the lifetime. Epigenetic modifications include changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs and these epigenetic signals have shown to cooperate in modulating chromatin accessibility to transcription factors and gene expression. Environmental factors such as air pollution, smoking, psychosocial context, and unhealthy diet regimens have shown to significantly modify the epigenome thus leading to altered transcriptional programs and CVD phenotypes. Therefore, the integration of genetic and epigenetic information might be invaluable to build individual maps of cardiovascular risk and hence, could be employed for the design of customized diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. In the present review, we discuss the growing importance of epigenetic information and its putative implications in cardiovascular precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Ambrosini
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shafeeq A Mohammed
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Costantino
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Paneni
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland - .,Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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26
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Prenatal Hyperglycemia Exposure and Cellular Stress, a Sugar-Coated View of Early Programming of Metabolic Diseases. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10101359. [PMID: 32977673 PMCID: PMC7598660 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, the number of people with diabetes has quadrupled since 1980 reaching 422 million in 2014 (World Health Organization). This distressing rise in diabetes also affects pregnant women and thus, in regard to early programming of adult diseases, creates a vicious cycle of metabolic dysfunction passed from one generation to another. Metabolic diseases are complex and caused by the interplay between genetic and environmental factors. High-glucose exposure during in utero development, as observed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), is an established risk factor for metabolic diseases. Despite intense efforts to better understand this phenomenon of early memory little is known about the molecular mechanisms associating early exposure to long-term diseases risk. However, evidence promotes glucose associated oxidative stress as one of the molecular mechanisms able to influence susceptibility to metabolic diseases. Thus, we decided here to further explore the relationship between early glucose exposure and cellular stress in the context of early development, and focus on the concept of glycemic memory, its consequences, and sexual dimorphic and epigenetic aspects.
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27
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Berrichi M, Hichami A, Addou-Klouche L, Sayed Khan A, Khan NA. CD36 and GPR120 Methylation Associates with Orosensory Detection Thresholds for Fat and Bitter in Algerian Young Obese Children. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061956. [PMID: 32585828 PMCID: PMC7356363 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The spontaneous preference for dietary fat is regulated by two lingual lipid sensors (CD36 and GPR120) in humans and rodents. Our objective was to investigate whether obesity in children is associated with methylation of lipid sensor genes, and whether this alteration was implicated in altered gustatory perception of fat and bitter and increased preference of palatable foods. Methods: School children were recruited and classified according to their body mass index (BMI) z-score into two groups: obese and lean children. The detection of orosensory perception for oleic acid and 6-n-propylthiouracil was assessed by using a 3-alternative forced-choice test. After blood DNA extraction, methylation patterns were investigated by methylation-specific PCR. The children were also subjected to a food habit questionnaire. Results: Obese children showed higher lipid and bitter detection thresholds than lean children. Besides, more obese children presented higher methylation level of the CpG sites than lean participants. Interestingly, CD36 and GPR120 gene methylation was associated with high lipid detection thresholds in obese participants. The obese participants preferred highly palatable fat-rich food items, associated with CD36 and GPR120 gene methylation. Conclusion: Epigenetic changes in CD36 and GPR120 genes might contribute to low orosensory perception of fat and bitter taste, and might be, consequently, critically involved in obesity in children
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa Berrichi
- Physiologie de la Nutrition & Toxicologie, U1231 INSERM/Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté (UBFC)/AgroSupDijon, 21000 Dijon, France; (M.B.); (A.H.); (A.S.K.)
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Appliquée et Immunologie, Université Abou Bakr Belkaid, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
| | - Aziz Hichami
- Physiologie de la Nutrition & Toxicologie, U1231 INSERM/Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté (UBFC)/AgroSupDijon, 21000 Dijon, France; (M.B.); (A.H.); (A.S.K.)
| | - Lynda Addou-Klouche
- Faculté des Science de la Vie et de la Nature, Université Djillali Liabès, Sidi Bel Abbès 22000, Algeria;
| | - Amira Sayed Khan
- Physiologie de la Nutrition & Toxicologie, U1231 INSERM/Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté (UBFC)/AgroSupDijon, 21000 Dijon, France; (M.B.); (A.H.); (A.S.K.)
| | - Naim Akhtar Khan
- Physiologie de la Nutrition & Toxicologie, U1231 INSERM/Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté (UBFC)/AgroSupDijon, 21000 Dijon, France; (M.B.); (A.H.); (A.S.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-3-80-39-63-30-12
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28
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Lima RS, Assis Silva Gomes J, Moreira PR. An overview about DNA methylation in childhood obesity: Characteristics of the studies and main findings. J Cell Biochem 2020; 121:3042-3057. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Silva Lima
- Laboratory of Cell‐Cell Interactions, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological SciencesFederal University of Minas Gerais Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Juliana Assis Silva Gomes
- Laboratory of Cell‐Cell Interactions, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological SciencesFederal University of Minas Gerais Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Paula Rocha Moreira
- Laboratory of Cell‐Cell Interactions, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological SciencesFederal University of Minas Gerais Minas Gerais Brazil
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29
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Costantino S, Mohammed SA, Ambrosini S, Paneni F. The vascular epigenome in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes: opportunities for personalized therapies. VASCULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 2:H19-H28. [PMID: 32923971 PMCID: PMC7439922 DOI: 10.1530/vb-20-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Our genetic background provides limited information on individual risk of developing vascular complications overtime. New biological layers, namely epigenetic modifications, are now emerging as potent regulators of gene expression thus leading to altered transcriptional programs and vascular disease phenotypes. Such epigenetic modifications, defined as changes to the genome that do not involve changes in DNA sequence, are generally induced by environmental factors and poor lifestyle habits. Of note, adverse epigenetic signals acquired during life can be transmitted to the offspring thus leading to premature alterations of the epigenetic and transcriptional landscape eventually leading to early endothelial dysfunction and vascular senescence. Modifications of the epigenome play a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of cardiometabolic disturbances such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. In these patients, changes of DNA methylation and chromatin structure contribute to alter pathways regulating insulin sensitivity, glucose homeostasis, adipogenesis and vascular function. In this perspective, unveiling the 'epigenetic landscape' in cardiometabolic patients may help to identify new players implicated in obesity and diabetes-related vascular dysfunction and may pave the way for personalized therapies in this setting. In the present review, we discuss current knowledge of the epigenetic routes implicated in vascular damage and cardiovascular disease in patients with metabolic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Costantino
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Shafeeq A Mohammed
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Samuele Ambrosini
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Paneni
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,University Heart Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
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30
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Hypermethylation of the TSPOAP1-AS1 Promoter May Be Associated with Obesity in Overweight/Obese Korean Subjects. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093307. [PMID: 32392798 PMCID: PMC7246878 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major chronic disease associated with the risk of serious cardiovascular or endocrinal diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis and stroke. Considerable interest has been directed towards the potential effects of epigenetic variations in obesity. In this study, we evaluated DNA methylation level at the promoter region of the gene encoding TSPO-associated protein 1 antisense RNA 1 (TSPOAP1-AS1) in 80 overweight/obese subjects (body mass index (BMI) > 25) and 104 non-obese subjects who participated in the SOPI-Stroke study in Korea. DNA methylation was measured using bisulfite amplicon sequencing (BSAS). A general linear model or relative correlation was used to determine the effects of DNA methylation on obesity and obese phenotypes. Notably, the mean level of DNA methylation was significantly higher in the overweight/obese group than in the non-obese group (18.62% vs. 17.18%). Further analyses revealed significant positive correlations of the BMI, the serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels with the DNA methylation level (p = 0.0493, p = 0.003, and p = 0.0094, respectively). The study findings suggest an association between DNA methylation at the TSPOAP1-AS1 promoter and overweight/obesity. Accordingly, methylation in this promoter region might be a potential predictor of obesity.
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31
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Echiburú B, Milagro F, Crisosto N, Pérez-Bravo F, Flores C, Arpón A, Salas-Pérez F, Recabarren SE, Sir-Petermann T, Maliqueo M. DNA methylation in promoter regions of genes involved in the reproductive and metabolic function of children born to women with PCOS. Epigenetics 2020; 15:1178-1194. [PMID: 32283997 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1754674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and experimental evidences indicate that epigenetic modifications induced by the prenatal environment are related to metabolic and reproductive derangements in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Alterations in the leptin and adiponectin systems, androgen signalling and antimüllerian hormone (AMH) levels have been observed in PCOS women and in their offspring. Using a targeted Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), we studied DNA methylation in promoter regions of the leptin (LEP), leptin receptor (LEPR), adiponectin (ADIPOQ), adiponectin receptor 1 and 2 (ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2), AMH and androgen receptor (AR) genes in 24 sons and daughters of women with PCOS (12 treated with metformin during pregnancy) and 24 children born to non-PCOS women during early infancy (2-3 months of age). Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood, bisulphite converted and sequenced by NGS. Girls showed differences between groups in 1 CpG site of LEPR, 2 of LEP, 1 of ADIPOR2 and 2 of AR. Boys showed differences in 5 CpG sites of LEP, 3 of AMH and 9 of AR. Maternal metformin treatment prevented some of these changes in LEP, ADIPOR2 and partially in AR in girls, and in LEP and AMH in boys. Maternal BMI at early pregnancy was inversely correlated with the methylation levels of the ChrX-67544981 site in the whole group of girls (r = -0.530, p = 0.008) and with the global Z-score in all boys (r = -0.539, p = 0.007). These data indicate that the intrauterine PCOS environment predisposes the offspring to acquire certain sex-dependent DNA methylation patterns in the promoter regions of metabolic and reproductive genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Echiburú
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, School of Medicine, University of Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Fermín Milagro
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra , Pamplona, Spain.,Centro De Investigación Biomédica En Red Fisiopatología De La Obesidad Y Nutrición (Ciberobn), Instituto De Salud Carlos III , Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicolás Crisosto
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, School of Medicine, University of Chile , Santiago, Chile.,Unit of Endocrinology, Clínica Las , Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Pérez-Bravo
- Laboratory of Nutritional Genomics, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Flores
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, School of Medicine, University of Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Ana Arpón
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra , Pamplona, Spain
| | - Francisca Salas-Pérez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra , Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sergio E Recabarren
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Endocrinology, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Concepcion , Chillán, Chile
| | - Teresa Sir-Petermann
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, School of Medicine, University of Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel Maliqueo
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, School of Medicine, University of Chile , Santiago, Chile
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Methylation of the LEP gene promoter in blood at 12 months and BMI at 4 years of age-a population-based cohort study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2020; 44:842-847. [PMID: 32107462 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-020-0553-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence links epigenetic variation to anthropometric and metabolic measures. Leptin signalling regulates appetite and energy expenditure, and in pregnancy is important for nutrient supply to the foetus. Maternal metabolic health and foetal growth are linked to infant blood leptin gene (LEP) methylation, which has been cross-sectionally associated with adolescent obesity. Despite this, few studies have explored the relationship between infant LEP methylation and childhood anthropometry, or the impact of genetic variation on these relationships. Using a prospective birth cohort, we investigated whether blood LEP promoter methylation at birth and 12 months predicts weight and adiposity at 4-years. Locus-specific methylation data was analysed by partial correlation tests and multivariable linear regression. There was weak evidence of an association of birth LEP methylation with anthropometry measures at 4 years. Methylation at a specific site (cg19594666) at 12 months was inversely associated with 4-year weight (r = -0.11, p = 0.02) and body-mass index (BMI) (r = -0.13, p = 0.007), which persisted following adjustment for weight at birth and at 12 months. Neither association was influenced by genotype. We report the first evidence of an association between LEP methylation in infancy and childhood weight. Replication in additional cohorts is required to determine if this relationship persists.
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Mediation Analysis Supports a Causal Relationship between Maternal Hyperglycemia and Placental DNA Methylation Variations at the Leptin Gene Locus and Cord Blood Leptin Levels. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21010329. [PMID: 31947745 PMCID: PMC6982090 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in fetal DNA methylation (DNAm) of the leptin (LEP) gene have been associated with exposure to maternal hyperglycemia, but their links with childhood obesity risk are still unclear. We investigated the association between maternal hyperglycemia, placental LEP DNAm (25 5′-C-phosphate-G-3′ (CpG) sites), neonatal leptinemia, and adiposity (i.e., BMI and skinfold thickness (ST) (subscapular (SS) + triceps (TR) skinfold measures, and the ratio of SS:TR) at 3-years-old, in 259 mother–child dyads, from Gen3G birth cohort. We conducted multivariate linear analyses adjusted for gestational age at birth, sex of the child, age at follow-up, and cellular heterogeneity. We assessed the causal role of DNAm in the association between maternal glycemia and childhood outcomes, using mediation analysis. We found three CpGs associated with neonatal leptinemia (p ≤ 0.002). Of these, cg05136031 and cg15758240 were also associated with BMI (β = −2.69, p = 0.05) and fat distribution (β = −0.581, p = 0.05) at 3-years-old, respectively. Maternal glycemia was associated with DNAm at cg15758240 (β = −0.01, p = 0.04) and neonatal leptinemia (β = 0.19, p = 0.004). DNAm levels at cg15758240 mediates 0.8% of the association between maternal glycemia and neonatal leptinemia (p < 0.001). Our results support that DNAm regulation of the leptin pathway in response to maternal glycemia might be involved in programming adiposity in childhood.
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Malodobra-Mazur M, Cierzniak A, Dobosz T. Oleic acid influences the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells via DNA Methylation and may predispose to obesity and obesity-related disorders. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:230. [PMID: 31883537 PMCID: PMC6935146 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-1173-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipogenesis is the process of adipocytes formation from unspecialized progenitor cells called mesenchymal stromal cells. Numerous mechanisms including epigenetic regulation modulate the correct progress of this process. Dietary exposures occurring over a specific period of time might cause long-lasting and even permanent changes in gene expression regulated by epigenetic mechanisms. For that reason, we investigated the adipogenesis of 3 T3-L1 cells with the excess of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids and their influence on global and site-specific DNA methylation in these cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS 3T3-L1 cells were cultured in vitro to obtain 100% of confluence, then the adipogenesis was induced by a differentiation cocktail with the addition of the excess of 0.25 mM and 0.5 mM of palmitic (16:0), stearic (18:0) and oleic (18:1n-9) acids. DNA and RNA were extracted at five-time points to assess the adipogenesis process. The phenotype of mature adipocytes (insulin sensitivity, adipokines secretion, fat content) was estimated in fully mature adipocytes. DNA methylation was investigated both during adipogenesis and in mature adipocytes. RESULTS Oleic acids stimulated expression of C/ebpα and Pparγ, which was correlated with lower methylation levels at promoters sites. Furthermore, cells cultured with an excess of oleic acid were characterized by higher lipid accumulation rate, higher leptin, and lower adiponectin secretion. Moreover, in all experimental cells, insulin signaling and glucose utilization were impaired. CONCLUSION Oleic acid affected the methylation of Pparγ and C/ebpα promoters, what correlated with higher expression. Furthermore, examined free fatty acids influenced the phenotype of mature adipocytes, especially insulin signaling pathway and adipokine secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Malodobra-Mazur
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Molecular Techniques Unit, Wroclaw Medical University, Sklodowskiej-Curie 52, 50-369, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Aneta Cierzniak
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Molecular Techniques Unit, Wroclaw Medical University, Sklodowskiej-Curie 52, 50-369, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Dobosz
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Molecular Techniques Unit, Wroclaw Medical University, Sklodowskiej-Curie 52, 50-369, Wroclaw, Poland
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Interaction of Osteoarthritis and BMI on Leptin Promoter Methylation in Taiwanese Adults. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010123. [PMID: 31878053 PMCID: PMC6981657 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin (LEP) regulates glucose metabolism and energy storage in the body. Osteoarthritis (OA) is associated with the upregulation of serum LEP. LEP promoter methylation is associated with obesity. So far, few studies have explored the association of BMI and OA with LEP methylation. We assessed the interaction between body mass index (BMI) and OA on LEP promoter methylation. Data of 1114 participants comprising 583 men and 558 women, aged 30–70 years were retrieved from the Taiwan Biobank Database (2008–2015). Osteoarthritis was self-reported and cases were those who reported having ever been clinically diagnosed with osteoarthritis. BMI was categorized into underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity. The mean LEP promoter methylation level in individuals with osteoarthritis was 0.5509 ± 0.00437 and 0.5375 ± 0.00101 in those without osteoarthritis. The interaction between osteoarthritis and BMI on LEP promoter methylation was significant (p-value = 0.0180). With normal BMI as the reference, the mean LEP promoter methylation level was significantly higher in obese osteoarthritic individuals (β = 0.03696, p-value = 0.0187). However, there was no significant association between BMI and LEP promoter methylation in individuals without osteoarthritis, regardless of BMI. In conclusion, only obesity was significantly associated with LEP promoter methylation (higher levels) specifically in osteoarthritic patients.
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Zhu Z, Cao F, Li X. Epigenetic Programming and Fetal Metabolic Programming. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:764. [PMID: 31849831 PMCID: PMC6901800 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal metabolic programming caused by the adverse intrauterine environment can induce metabolic syndrome in adult offspring. Adverse intrauterine environment introduces fetal long-term relatively irreversible changes in organs and metabolism, and thus causes fetal metabolic programming leading metabolic syndrome in adult offspring. Fetal metabolic programming of obesity and insulin resistance plays a key role in this process. The mechanism of fetal metabolic programming is still not very clear. It is suggested that epigenetic programming, also induced by the adverse intrauterine environment, is a critical underlying mechanism of fetal metabolic programming. Fetal epigenetic programming affects gene expression changes and cellular function through epigenetic modifications without DNA nucleotide sequence changes. Epigenetic modifications can be relatively stably retained and transmitted through mitosis and generations, and thereby induce the development of metabolic syndrome in adult offspring. This manuscript provides an overview of the critical role of epigenetic programming in fetal metabolic programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiang Zhu
- Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Fang Cao
- Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiaozhong Li
- Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Barton SJ, Melton PE, Titcombe P, Murray R, Rauschert S, Lillycrop KA, Huang RC, Holbrook JD, Godfrey KM. In Epigenomic Studies, Including Cell-Type Adjustments in Regression Models Can Introduce Multicollinearity, Resulting in Apparent Reversal of Direction of Association. Front Genet 2019; 10:816. [PMID: 31552104 PMCID: PMC6746958 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Association studies of epigenome-wide DNA methylation and disease can inform biological mechanisms. DNA methylation is often measured in peripheral blood, with heterogeneous cell types with different methylation profiles. Influences such as adiposity-associated inflammation can change cell-type proportions, altering measured blood methylation levels. To determine whether associations between loci-specific methylation and outcomes result from cellular heterogeneity, many studies adjust for estimated blood cell proportions, but high correlations between methylation and cell-type proportions could violate the statistical assumption of no multicollinearity. We examined these assumptions in a population-based study. Methods: CDKN2A promoter CpG methylation was measured in peripheral blood from 812 adolescents aged 17 years (Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort Study). Loge adolescent BMI was used as the outcome in a regression analysis with DNA methylation as predictor, adjusting for age/sex. Further regression analyses additionally adjusted for estimated cell-type proportions using the reference-based Houseman method, and simulations modeled the effects of varying levels of correlation between cell proportions and methylation. Correlations between estimated cell proportions and CpG methylation from Illumina 450K were measured. Results: Lower DNA methylation was associated with higher BMI when cell-type adjustment was not included; for CpG4, β = -0.004 logeBMI/%methylation (95% CI -0.0065, -0.001; p = 0.003). The direction of association reversed when adjustment for six cell types was made; for CpG4, β = 0.004 logeBMI/%methylation (-0.0002, 0.0089; p = 0.06). Correlations between CpG methylation and cell-type proportions were high, and variance inflation factors (VIFs) were extremely high (25 to 113.7). Granulocyte count was correlated with BMI, and removing granulocytes from the regression model reduced all VIFs to <3.1, with persistence of a positive association between methylation and BMI [CpG4 β = 0.004 logeBMI/%methylation (-0.0002, 0.0088; p = 0.06)]. Simulations supported major effects of multicollinearity on regression results. Conclusions: Where cell types are highly correlated with other covariates in regression models, the statistical assumption of no multicollinearity may be violated. This can result in reversal of direction of association, particularly when examining associations with phenotypes related to inflammation, as CpG methylation may associate with changes in cell-type proportions. Removing predictors with high correlations from regression models may remove the multicollinearity. However, this might hinder biological interpretability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila J Barton
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Phillip E Melton
- Curtin/UWA Centre for Genetic Origins of Heath and Disease, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Philip Titcombe
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Murray
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Rauschert
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Karen A Lillycrop
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Centre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Rae-Chi Huang
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Joanna D Holbrook
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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Pasha HF, Mohamed RH, Toam MM, Yehia AM. Genetic and epigenetic modifications of adiponectin gene: Potential association with breast cancer risk. J Gene Med 2019; 21:e3120. [PMID: 31415715 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipokines produced by adipose tissue are directly linked to obesity and may contribute to the pathogenesis of cancer. We hypothesized that genetic and epigenetic modifications in the adiponectin (ADIPOQ) gene and their impact on serum ADIPOQ levels may participate in increasing breast cancer (BC) risk. The present study aimed to investigate ADIPOQ +45 T/G gene polymorphism, methylation status at CpG sites -74 nucleotides (nt) and -283 nt of the ADIPOQ gene, and ADIPOQ serum levels in BC obese women. METHODS Serum ADIPOQ was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. ADIPOQ +45 T/G gene polymorphism and ADIPOQ promoter methylation status were determined using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and a methylation-specific PCR, respectively, in 120 obese women with BC and 120 age-matched controls. RESULTS ADIPOQ +45 GG genotype carriers had a significant increased risk of developing BC (odds ratio = 6.2, 95% confidence interval = 1.3-29.6, p = 0.02). ADIPOQ gene methylation at site -74 nt resulted in a 1.7-fold increased BC risk. Methylation at site -283 nt resulted in a 1.9-fold increased BC risk. Moreover serum levels of ADIPOQ were significantly decreased in BC patients and down-regulated in the presence of methylation in both examined sites. By contrast, no association between ADIPOQ gene polymorphism and serum ADIPOQ level was detected. Using both methylated sites in one panel detected cancer breast with 76.67% sensitivity and 62.18% accuracy. CONCLUSIONS ADIPOQ +45 T/G polymorphism and ADIPOQ promoter methylation were found to be associated with BC risk in obese Egyptian women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba F Pasha
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Randa H Mohamed
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mostafa M Toam
- Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Yehia
- General surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Wróblewski A, Strycharz J, Świderska E, Drewniak K, Drzewoski J, Szemraj J, Kasznicki J, Śliwińska A. Molecular Insight into the Interaction between Epigenetics and Leptin in Metabolic Disorders. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081872. [PMID: 31408957 PMCID: PMC6723573 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, it is well-known that the deregulation of epigenetic machinery is a common biological event leading to the development and progression of metabolic disorders. Moreover, the expression level and actions of leptin, a vast adipocytokine regulating energy metabolism, appear to be strongly associated with epigenetics. Therefore, the aim of this review was to summarize the current knowledge of the epigenetic regulation of leptin as well as the leptin-induced epigenetic modifications in metabolic disorders and associated phenomena. The collected data indicated that the deregulation of leptin expression and secretion that occurs during the course of metabolic diseases is underlain by a variation in the level of promoter methylation, the occurrence of histone modifications, along with miRNA interference. Furthermore, leptin was proven to epigenetically regulate several miRNAs and affect the activity of the histone deacetylases. These epigenetic modifications were observed in obesity, gestational diabetes, metabolic syndrome and concerned various molecular processes like glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, liver fibrosis, obesity-related carcinogenesis, adipogenesis or fetal/early postnatal programming. Moreover, the circulating miRNA profiles were associated with the plasma leptin level in metabolic syndrome, and miRNAs were found to be involved in hypothalamic leptin sensitivity. In summary, the evidence suggests that leptin is both a target and a mediator of epigenetic changes that develop in numerous tissues during metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Wróblewski
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Str., 92-215 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Justyna Strycharz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Str., 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Świderska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Str., 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Karolina Drewniak
- Student Scientific Society of the Civilization Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str., 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Józef Drzewoski
- Central Teaching Hospital of the Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str., 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Str., 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jacek Kasznicki
- Department of Internal Diseases, Diabetology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str., 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Śliwińska
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str., 92-213 Lodz, Poland.
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Baedke J, Nieves Delgado A. Race and nutrition in the New World: Colonial shadows in the age of epigenetics. STUDIES IN HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF BIOLOGICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 76:101175. [PMID: 30885596 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsc.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This paper addresses historical dimensions of epigenetic studies on human populations. We show that postgenomic research on health disparities in Latin America reintroduces old colonial views about the relations between race, environment, and social status. This especially refers to the idea - common in colonial humoralism and epigenetics - that different types of bodies are in balance and closely linked with particular local environments and lifestyles. These social differences become embodied as physiological and health differences. By comparing Spanish chronicles of the New World with recent epidemiological narratives on Mexican populations in social epigenetics (especially on obesity), we identify four characteristics that both share in distinguishing races, such as indigenous or mestizos from Spaniards or non-Mexicans: (i) Race is not intrinsic to bodies but emerges as a particular homeostatic body-environment relation; (ii) the stability of one's race is warranted through the stability of one's local environment and lifestyle, especially nutrition; (iii) every race faces specific life challenges in a local environment to maintain its health; and (iv) every race shows a unique social status that is closely linked to its biological status (e.g., disease susceptibility). Based on these similarities, we argue that currently in Latin America the field of epigenetics appears on the scene with a worrisome colonial shadow. It reintroduces long forgotten exclusionary and stereotypic perspectives on indigenous and mestizos, and biologizes as well as racializes social-cultural differences among human groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Baedke
- Department of Philosophy I, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany; Centre for Anthropological Knowledge in Scientific and Technological Cultures (CAST), Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Abigail Nieves Delgado
- Department of Philosophy I, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany; Centre for Anthropological Knowledge in Scientific and Technological Cultures (CAST), Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany.
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He XW, Zhao Y, Shi YH, Zhao R, Liu YS, Hu Y, Zhuang MT, Wu YL, Li GF, Yin JW, Cui GH, Liu JR. DNA Methylation Analysis Identifies Differentially Methylated Sites Associated with Early-Onset Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stenosis. J Atheroscler Thromb 2019; 27:71-99. [PMID: 31142690 PMCID: PMC6976716 DOI: 10.5551/jat.47704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Studies have suggested that genetic and environmental factors do not account for all risks and mechanisms of intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS). DNA methylation may play a role in the progression of ICAS. Methods: DNA methylation profiles of peripheral blood leucocytes from 7 patients with early-onset ICAS and 7 perfectly matched controls were interrogated for the first time using the Illumina Infinium Human MethylationEPIC BeadChip. Afterward, functional analysis for differentially methylated genes was conducted. In addition, pyrosequencing verification was performed in an independent cohort comprising 21 patients with earlyonset ICAS and 21 age- and gender-matched controls. Results: A total of 318 cytosine-phosphate-guanine sites were found to be differentially methylated based on the established standards. Functional analysis annotated differentially methylated sites to atherosclerosis-related processes and pathways, such as the negative regulation of hydrolase activity (GO 0051346), type II diabetes mellitus (KEGG hsa04930), and the insulin signaling pathway (KEGG hsa04910). In addition, a differentially methylated site was also validated, cg22443212 in gene Rnf213, which showed significant hypermethylation in patients with early-onset ICAS compared with controls 59.56% (49.77%, 88.55%) vs. 44.65% (25.07%, 53.21%), respectively; P = 0.010). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the area under the curve value of cg22443212 was 0.744 (95% confidence interval, 0.586–0.866; P = 0.002). Conclusions: We revealed that altered DNA methylation may play a role in the occurrence and development of ICAS. These results provided new epigenetic insights into ICAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Wei He
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine.,Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine.,Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
| | - Yan-Hui Shi
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine.,Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
| | - Rong Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine.,Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
| | - Yi-Sheng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine.,Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
| | - Yue Hu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine.,Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
| | - Mei-Ting Zhuang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine.,Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
| | - Yi-Lan Wu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine.,Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
| | - Ge-Fei Li
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine.,Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
| | - Jia-Wen Yin
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine.,Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
| | - Guo-Hong Cui
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine.,Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
| | - Jian-Ren Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine.,Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
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Epigenetics and Inflammatory Markers: A Systematic Review of the Current Evidence. Int J Inflam 2019; 2019:6273680. [PMID: 31205673 PMCID: PMC6530203 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6273680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms have been suggested to play a role in the genetic regulation of pathways related to inflammation. Therefore, we aimed to systematically review studies investigating the association between DNA methylation and histone modifications with circulatory inflammation markers in blood. Five bibliographic databases were screened until 21 November of 2017. We included studies conducted on humans that examined the association between epigenetic marks (DNA methylation and/or histone modifications) and a comprehensive list of inflammatory markers. Of the 3,759 identified references, 24 articles were included, involving, 17,399 individuals. There was suggestive evidence for global hypomethylation but better-quality studies in the future have to confirm this. Epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) (n=7) reported most of the identified differentially methylated genes to be hypomethylated in inflammatory processes. Candidate genes studies reported 18 differentially methylated genes related to several circulatory inflammation markers. There was no overlap in the methylated sites investigated in candidate gene studies and EWAS, except for TMEM49, which was found to be hypomethylated with higher inflammatory markers in both types of studies. The relation between histone modifications and inflammatory markers was assessed by one study only. This review supports an association between epigenetic marks and inflammation, suggesting hypomethylation of the genome. Important gaps in the quality of studies were reported such as inadequate sample size, lack of adjustment for relevant confounders, and failure to replicate the findings. While most of the studies have been focused on C-reactive protein, further efforts should investigate other inflammatory markers.
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43
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Franzago M, Fraticelli F, Stuppia L, Vitacolonna E. Nutrigenetics, epigenetics and gestational diabetes: consequences in mother and child. Epigenetics 2019; 14:215-235. [PMID: 30865571 PMCID: PMC6557546 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2019.1582277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is the most common metabolic condition during pregnancy and may result in short- and long-term complications for both mother and offspring. The complexity of phenotypic outcomes seems influenced by genetic susceptibility, nutrient-gene interactions and lifestyle interacting with clinical factors. There is strong evidence that not only the adverse genetic background but also the epigenetic modifications in response to nutritional and environmental factors could influence the maternal hyperglycemia in pregnancy and the foetal metabolic programming. In this view, the correlation between epigenetic modifications and their transgenerational effects represents a very interesting field of study. The present review gives insight into the role of gene variants and their interactions with nutrients in GDM. In addition, we provide an overview of the epigenetic changes and their role in the maternal-foetal transmission of chronic diseases. Overall, the knowledge of epigenetic modifications induced by an adverse intrauterine and perinatal environment could shed light on the potential pathophysiological mechanisms of long-term disease development in the offspring and provide useful tools for their prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marica Franzago
- a Department of Medicine and Aging, School of Medicine and Health Sciences , "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara , Chieti , Italy.,b Molecular Genetics, Unit , CeSI-Met , Chieti , Italy
| | - Federica Fraticelli
- a Department of Medicine and Aging, School of Medicine and Health Sciences , "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara , Chieti , Italy
| | - Liborio Stuppia
- b Molecular Genetics, Unit , CeSI-Met , Chieti , Italy.,c Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences , "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara , Chieti , Italy
| | - Ester Vitacolonna
- a Department of Medicine and Aging, School of Medicine and Health Sciences , "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara , Chieti , Italy
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44
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Olsvik PA, Whatmore P, Penglase SJ, Skjærven KH, Anglès d'Auriac M, Ellingsen S. Associations Between Behavioral Effects of Bisphenol A and DNA Methylation in Zebrafish Embryos. Front Genet 2019; 10:184. [PMID: 30906313 PMCID: PMC6418038 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting contaminants have been associated with aberrant changes in epigenetic pathways in animals. In this study, zebrafish embryos were exposed bisphenol A (BPA) to search for associations between behavior and epigenetic mechanisms in fish. For concentration-dependent responses, embryos were exposed to a range of BPA concentrations (0.1 nM to 30 μM). Embryos were analyzed for locomotor activity at 3-, 4-, and 5-days post fertilization (dpf) in response to changing light conditions. Based on concentration-dependent effects on behavior and gene expression, 10 μM BPA [from 24 to 96 hours post fertilization (hpf)] was used for a whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) study searching for genome-wide impacts on DNA methylation. Over the examined concentration ranges, hyperactivity was demonstrated for exposures to 0.001 μM BPA in comparison to embryos exposed to lower or higher BPA concentrations. Transcriptional analysis showed significant effects at >0.01 μM BPA for two genes related to DNA methylation (dnmt1, cbs). BPA exposure did not significantly affect global DNA methylation, but 20,474 differentially methylated (DM) sites in 4,873 genes were identified by WGBS analysis. Most DM sites were identified within gene bodies. The genes with the most DM sites were all protocadherin 2 gamma subfamily genes, related to axon targeting, synaptic development and neuronal survival. KEGG pathways most significantly affected by BPA exposure were phosphatidylinositol signaling system, followed by VEGF and MAPK signaling pathways. This study shows that BPA can affect zebrafish embryo swimming activity at very low concentrations as well as affecting numerous methylated sites in genes which are overrepresented in functionally relevant metabolic pathways. In conclusion, altered methylation patterns of genes associated with nervous system development might lead to abnormal swimming activity.
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45
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Arpón A, Milagro FI, Ramos-Lopez O, Mansego ML, Santos JL, Riezu-Boj JI, Martínez JA. Epigenome-wide association study in peripheral white blood cells involving insulin resistance. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2445. [PMID: 30792424 PMCID: PMC6385280 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38980-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and cardiometabolic risk. An epigenetic phenomena such as DNA methylation might be involved in the onset and development of systemic IR. The aim of this study was to explore the genetic DNA methylation levels in peripheral white blood cells with the objective of identifying epigenetic signatures associated with IR measured by the Homeostatic Model Assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) following an epigenome-wide association study approach. DNA methylation levels were assessed using Infinium Methylation Assay (Illumina), and were associated with HOMA-IR values of participants from the Methyl Epigenome Network Association (MENA) project, finding statistical associations for at least 798 CpGs. A stringent statistical analysis revealed that 478 of them showed a differential methylation pattern between individuals with HOMA-IR ≤ 3 and > 3. ROC curves of top four CpGs out of 478 allowed differentiating individuals between both groups (AUC≈0.88). This study demonstrated the association between DNA methylation in some specific CpGs and HOMA-IR values that will help to the understanding and in the development of new strategies for personalized approaches to predict and prevent IR-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Arpón
- University of Navarra, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology & Centre for Nutrition Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fermín I Milagro
- University of Navarra, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology & Centre for Nutrition Research, Pamplona, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Omar Ramos-Lopez
- University of Navarra, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology & Centre for Nutrition Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - M Luisa Mansego
- University of Navarra, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology & Centre for Nutrition Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - José Luis Santos
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José-Ignacio Riezu-Boj
- University of Navarra, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology & Centre for Nutrition Research, Pamplona, Spain. .,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNa), Pamplona, Spain.
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- University of Navarra, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology & Centre for Nutrition Research, Pamplona, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNa), Pamplona, Spain.,Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA), IMDEA Food, Madrid, Spain
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46
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Wang Q, Tang SB, Song XB, Deng TF, Zhang TT, Yin S, Luo SM, Shen W, Zhang CL, Ge ZJ. High-glucose concentrations change DNA methylation levels in human IVM oocytes. Hum Reprod 2019; 33:474-481. [PMID: 29377995 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dey006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What are the effects of high-glucose concentrations on DNA methylation of human oocytes? SUMMARY ANSWER High-glucose concentrations altered DNA methylation levels of Peg3 and Adiponectin in human in vitro maturation oocytes. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Maternal diabetes has a detrimental influence on oocyte quality including epigenetic modifications, as shown in non-human mammalian species. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Immature metaphase I (MI) stage oocytes of good quality were retrieved from patients who had normal ovarian potential and who underwent ICSI in the Reproductive Medicine Center of People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University. MI oocytes were cultured in medium with different glucose concentrations (control, 10 mM and 15 mM) in vitro and 48 h later, oocytes with first polar body extrusion were collected to check the DNA methylation levels. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS MI oocytes underwent in vitro maturation (IVM) at 37°C with 5% mixed gas for 48 h. Then the mature oocytes were treated with bisulfite buffer. Target sequences were amplified using nested or half-nested PCR and the DNA methylation status was tested using combined bisulfite restriction analysis (COBRA) and bisulfite sequencing (BS). MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE High-glucose concentrations significantly decreased the first polar body extrusion rate. Compared to controls, the DNA methylation levels of Peg3 in human IVM oocytes were significantly higher in 10 mM (P < 0.001) and 15 mM (P < 0.001) concentrations of glucose. But the DNA methylation level of H19 was not affected by high-glucose concentrations in human IVM oocytes. We also found that there was a decrease in DNA methylation levels in the promoter of adiponectin in human IVM oocytes between controls and oocytes exposed to 10 mM glucose (P = 0.028). LARGE SCALE DATA N/A. LIMITATIONS REASONS FOR CAUTION It is not clear whether the alterations are beneficial or not for the embryo development and offspring health. The effects of high-glucose concentrations on the whole process of oocyte maturation are still not elucidated. Another issue is that the number of oocytes used in this study was limited. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This is the first time that the effects of high-glucose concentration on DNA methylation of human oocytes have been elucidated. Our result indicates that in humans, the high risk of chronic diseases in offspring from diabetic mothers may originate from abnormal DNA modifications in oocytes. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by the fund of National Natural Science Foundation of China (81401198) and Doctor Foundation of Qingdao Agricultural University (1116008).The authors declare that there are no potential conflicts of interest relevant to this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center of People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, P.R. China.,Reproductive Medicine Center of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, P.R. China
| | - Shou-Bin Tang
- Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700# Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao 266109, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Bing Song
- Reproductive Medicine Center of People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, P.R. China.,Reproductive Medicine Center of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, P.R. China
| | - Teng-Fei Deng
- Reproductive Medicine Center of People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, P.R. China.,Reproductive Medicine Center of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, P.R. China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center of People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, P.R. China.,Reproductive Medicine Center of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, P.R. China
| | - Shen Yin
- Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700# Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao 266109, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Ming Luo
- Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700# Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao 266109, P.R. China
| | - Wei Shen
- Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700# Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao 266109, P.R. China
| | - Cui-Lian Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center of People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, P.R. China.,Reproductive Medicine Center of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhao-Jia Ge
- Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700# Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao 266109, P.R. China
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47
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Coppedè F, Seghieri M, Stoccoro A, Santini E, Giannini L, Rossi C, Migliore L, Solini A. DNA methylation of genes regulating appetite and prediction of weight loss after bariatric surgery in obese individuals. J Endocrinol Invest 2019; 42:37-44. [PMID: 29603098 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-018-0881-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Epigenetic traits are influenced by clinical variables; interaction between DNA methylation (DNAmeth) and bariatric surgery-induced weight loss has been scarcely explored. We investigated whether DNAmeth of genes encoding for molecules/hormones regulating appetite, food intake or obesity could predict successful weight outcome following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). METHODS Forty-five obese individuals with no known comorbidities were stratified accordingly to weight decrease one-year after RYGB (excess weight loss, EWL ≥ 50%: good responders, GR; EWL < 50%: worse responders, WR). DNAmeth of leptin (LEP), ghrelin (GHRL), ghrelin receptor (GHSR) and insulin-growth factor-2 (IGF2) was assessed before intervention. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of genes affecting DNAmeth, DNMT3A and DNMT3B, were also determined. RESULTS At baseline, type 2 diabetes was diagnosed by OGTT in 13 patients. Post-operatively, GR (n = 23) and WR (n = 22) achieved an EWL of 67.7 ± 9.6 vs 38.2 ± 9.0%, respectively. Baseline DNAmeth did not differ between GR and WR for any tested genes, even when the analysis was restricted to subjects with no diabetes. A relationship between GHRL and LEP methylation profiles emerged (r = 0.47, p = 0.001). Searching for correlation between DNAmeth of the studied genes with demographic characteristics and baseline biochemical parameters of the studied population, we observed a correlation between IGF2 methylation and folate (r = 0.44, p = 0.003). Rs11683424 for DNMT3A and rs2424913 for DNMT3B did not correlate with DNAmeth of the studied genes. CONCLUSIONS In severely obese subjects, the degree of DNAmeth of some genes affecting obesity and related conditions does not work as predictor of successful response to RYGB.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Coppedè
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Seghieri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Stoccoro
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - E Santini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - L Giannini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - C Rossi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - L Migliore
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Solini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
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48
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Caspers M, Blocquiaux S, Charlier R, Lefevre J, De Bock K, Thomis M. Metabolic fitness in relation to genetic variation and leukocyte DNA methylation. Physiol Genomics 2019; 51:12-26. [DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00077.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a highly prevalent condition causing increased risk of several life-threatening diseases. MetS has a pronounced hereditary basis but is also influenced by environmental factors, partly through epigenetic mechanisms. In this study, the five phenotypes underlying MetS were incorporated into a continuous score for metabolic fitness (MF), and associations with both genotypic variation and leukocyte DNA methylation were investigated. Baseline MF phenotypes (waist circumference, blood pressure, blood glucose, serum triglycerides, and high-density lipoproteins) of 710 healthy Flemish adults were measured. After a 10 yr period, follow-up measures were derived from 618 of these subjects. Genotyping was performed for 65 preselected MF-related genetic variants. Next, full genetic predisposition scores (GPSs) were calculated, combining genotype scores of multiple genetic variants. Additionally, stepwise GPSs were constructed, including only the most predictive genetic variants for the different MF phenotypes. For a subset of 68 middle-aged men, global and gene-specific DNA methylation was investigated, and a biological pathway analysis was performed. The full GPSs were predictive for some baseline MF phenotypes, but not for changes over time. Only a limited number of genetic variants were significantly predictive individually. On the contrary, global and gene-specific DNA methylation was associated with changes in the MF phenotypes rather than with the baseline measures, indicating that effects of DNA methylation on MF are somewhat delayed. Furthermore, several biological pathways were associated with the MF phenotypes through gene promoter methylation. For CETP, G6PC2, MC4R, and TFAP2B both a genetic and epigenetic relationship was found with MF.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Caspers
- Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S. Blocquiaux
- Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - R. Charlier
- Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - J. Lefevre
- Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - K. De Bock
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - M. Thomis
- Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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49
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Olsvik PA, Whatmore P, Penglase SJ, Skjærven KH, Anglès d'Auriac M, Ellingsen S. Associations Between Behavioral Effects of Bisphenol A and DNA Methylation in Zebrafish Embryos. Front Genet 2019. [PMID: 30906313 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting contaminants have been associated with aberrant changes in epigenetic pathways in animals. In this study, zebrafish embryos were exposed bisphenol A (BPA) to search for associations between behavior and epigenetic mechanisms in fish. For concentration-dependent responses, embryos were exposed to a range of BPA concentrations (0.1 nM to 30 μM). Embryos were analyzed for locomotor activity at 3-, 4-, and 5-days post fertilization (dpf) in response to changing light conditions. Based on concentration-dependent effects on behavior and gene expression, 10 μM BPA [from 24 to 96 hours post fertilization (hpf)] was used for a whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) study searching for genome-wide impacts on DNA methylation. Over the examined concentration ranges, hyperactivity was demonstrated for exposures to 0.001 μM BPA in comparison to embryos exposed to lower or higher BPA concentrations. Transcriptional analysis showed significant effects at >0.01 μM BPA for two genes related to DNA methylation (dnmt1, cbs). BPA exposure did not significantly affect global DNA methylation, but 20,474 differentially methylated (DM) sites in 4,873 genes were identified by WGBS analysis. Most DM sites were identified within gene bodies. The genes with the most DM sites were all protocadherin 2 gamma subfamily genes, related to axon targeting, synaptic development and neuronal survival. KEGG pathways most significantly affected by BPA exposure were phosphatidylinositol signaling system, followed by VEGF and MAPK signaling pathways. This study shows that BPA can affect zebrafish embryo swimming activity at very low concentrations as well as affecting numerous methylated sites in genes which are overrepresented in functionally relevant metabolic pathways. In conclusion, altered methylation patterns of genes associated with nervous system development might lead to abnormal swimming activity.
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50
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James P, Sajjadi S, Tomar AS, Saffari A, Fall CHD, Prentice AM, Shrestha S, Issarapu P, Yadav DK, Kaur L, Lillycrop K, Silver M, Chandak GR. Candidate genes linking maternal nutrient exposure to offspring health via DNA methylation: a review of existing evidence in humans with specific focus on one-carbon metabolism. Int J Epidemiol 2018; 47:1910-1937. [PMID: 30137462 PMCID: PMC6280938 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyy153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mounting evidence suggests that nutritional exposures during pregnancy influence the fetal epigenome, and that these epigenetic changes can persist postnatally, with implications for disease risk across the life course. Methods We review human intergenerational studies using a three-part search strategy. Search 1 investigates associations between preconceptional or pregnancy nutritional exposures, focusing on one-carbon metabolism, and offspring DNA methylation. Search 2 considers associations between offspring DNA methylation at genes found in the first search and growth-related, cardiometabolic and cognitive outcomes. Search 3 isolates those studies explicitly linking maternal nutritional exposure to offspring phenotype via DNA methylation. Finally, we compile all candidate genes and regions of interest identified in the searches and describe their genomic locations, annotations and coverage on the Illumina Infinium Methylation beadchip arrays. Results We summarize findings from the 34 studies found in the first search, the 31 studies found in the second search and the eight studies found in the third search. We provide details of all regions of interest within 45 genes captured by this review. Conclusions Many studies have investigated imprinted genes as priority loci, but with the adoption of microarray-based platforms other candidate genes and gene classes are now emerging. Despite a wealth of information, the current literature is characterized by heterogeneous exposures and outcomes, and mostly comprise observational associations that are frequently underpowered. The synthesis of current knowledge provided by this review identifies research needs on the pathway to developing possible early life interventions to optimize lifelong health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip James
- MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Sara Sajjadi
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ashutosh Singh Tomar
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ayden Saffari
- MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Caroline H D Fall
- MRC Life course Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Andrew M Prentice
- MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Smeeta Shrestha
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore, India
| | - Prachand Issarapu
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Dilip Kumar Yadav
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Lovejeet Kaur
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Karen Lillycrop
- Research Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Matt Silver
- MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Giriraj R Chandak
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
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