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Gkouskou KK, Grammatikopoulou MG, Lazou E, Vasilogiannakopoulou T, Sanoudou D, Eliopoulos AG. A genomics perspective of personalized prevention and management of obesity. Hum Genomics 2024; 18:4. [PMID: 38281958 PMCID: PMC10823690 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-024-00570-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
This review discusses the landscape of personalized prevention and management of obesity from a nutrigenetics perspective. Focusing on macronutrient tailoring, we discuss the impact of genetic variation on responses to carbohydrate, lipid, protein, and fiber consumption. Our bioinformatic analysis of genomic variants guiding macronutrient intake revealed enrichment of pathways associated with circadian rhythm, melatonin metabolism, cholesterol and lipoprotein remodeling and PPAR signaling as potential targets of macronutrients for the management of obesity in relevant genetic backgrounds. Notably, our data-based in silico predictions suggest the potential of repurposing the SYK inhibitor fostamatinib for obesity treatment in relevant genetic profiles. In addition to dietary considerations, we address genetic variations guiding lifestyle changes in weight management, including exercise and chrononutrition. Finally, we emphasize the need for a refined understanding and expanded research into the complex genetic landscape underlying obesity and its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi K Gkouskou
- Department of Biology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 11527, Athens, Greece.
- GENOSOPHY P.C., Athens, Greece.
| | - Maria G Grammatikopoulou
- Unit of Immunonutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University General Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | | | - Theodora Vasilogiannakopoulou
- Department of Biology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Despina Sanoudou
- Clinical Genomics and Pharmacogenomics Unit, 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Center for New Biotechnologies and Precision Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aristides G Eliopoulos
- Department of Biology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 11527, Athens, Greece.
- GENOSOPHY P.C., Athens, Greece.
- Center for New Biotechnologies and Precision Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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2
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Gkouskou KK, Grammatikopoulou MG, Lazou E, Sanoudou D, Goulis DG, Eliopoulos AG. Genetically-Guided Medical Nutrition Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Pre-diabetes: A Series of n-of-1 Superiority Trials. Front Nutr 2022; 9:772243. [PMID: 35265654 PMCID: PMC8899711 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.772243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a heterogeneous metabolic disorder of multifactorial etiology that includes genetic and dietary influences. By addressing the latter, medical nutrition therapy (MNT) contributes to the management of T2DM or pre-diabetes toward achieving glycaemic control and improved insulin sensitivity. However, the clinical outcomes of MNT vary and may further benefit from personalized nutritional plans that take into consideration genetic variations associated with individual responses to macronutrients. The aim of the present series of n-of-1 trials was to assess the effects of genetically-guided vs. conventional MNT on patients with pre-diabetes or T2DM. A quasi-experimental, cross-over design was adopted in three Caucasian adult men with either diagnosis. Complete diet, bioclinical and anthropometric assessment was performed and a conventional MNT, based on the clinical practice guidelines was applied for 8 weeks. After a week of “wash-out,” a precision MNT was prescribed for an additional 8-week period, based on the genetic characteristics of each patient. Outcomes of interest included changes in body weight (BW), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and blood pressure (BP). Collectively, the trials indicated improvements in BW, FPG, BP, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) following the genetically-guided precision MNT intervention. Moreover, both patients with pre-diabetes experienced remission of the condition. We conclude that improved BW loss and glycemic control can be achieved in patients with pre-diabetes/T2DM, by coupling MNT to their genetic makeup, guiding optimal diet, macronutrient composition, exercise and oral nutrient supplementation in a personalized manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi K Gkouskou
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Embiodiagnostics Biology Research Company, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Maria G Grammatikopoulou
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evgenia Lazou
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Despina Sanoudou
- Clinical Genomics and Pharmacogenomics Unit, Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios G Goulis
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aristides G Eliopoulos
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Stanislawski MA, Frank DN, Borengasser SJ, Ostendorf DM, Ir D, Jambal P, Bing K, Wayland L, Siebert JC, Bessesen DH, MacLean PS, Melanson EL, Catenacci VA. The Gut Microbiota during a Behavioral Weight Loss Intervention. Nutrients 2021; 13:3248. [PMID: 34579125 PMCID: PMC8471894 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered gut microbiota has been linked to obesity and may influence weight loss. We are conducting an ongoing weight loss trial, comparing daily caloric restriction (DCR) to intermittent fasting (IMF) in adults who are overweight or obese. We report here an ancillary study of the gut microbiota and selected obesity-related parameters at the baseline and after the first three months of interventions. During this time, participants experienced significant improvements in clinical health measures, along with altered composition and diversity of fecal microbiota. We observed significant associations between the gut microbiota features and clinical measures, including weight and waist circumference, as well as changes in these clinical measures over time. Analysis by intervention group found between-group differences in the relative abundance of Akkermansia in response to the interventions. Our results provide insight into the impact of baseline gut microbiota on weight loss responsiveness as well as the early effects of DCR and IMF on gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie A. Stanislawski
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (D.N.F.); (S.J.B.); (D.M.O.); (D.I.); (P.J.); (K.B.); (L.W.); (J.C.S.); (D.H.B.); (P.S.M.); (E.L.M.); (V.A.C.)
| | - Daniel N. Frank
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (D.N.F.); (S.J.B.); (D.M.O.); (D.I.); (P.J.); (K.B.); (L.W.); (J.C.S.); (D.H.B.); (P.S.M.); (E.L.M.); (V.A.C.)
| | - Sarah J. Borengasser
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (D.N.F.); (S.J.B.); (D.M.O.); (D.I.); (P.J.); (K.B.); (L.W.); (J.C.S.); (D.H.B.); (P.S.M.); (E.L.M.); (V.A.C.)
| | - Danielle M. Ostendorf
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (D.N.F.); (S.J.B.); (D.M.O.); (D.I.); (P.J.); (K.B.); (L.W.); (J.C.S.); (D.H.B.); (P.S.M.); (E.L.M.); (V.A.C.)
| | - Diana Ir
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (D.N.F.); (S.J.B.); (D.M.O.); (D.I.); (P.J.); (K.B.); (L.W.); (J.C.S.); (D.H.B.); (P.S.M.); (E.L.M.); (V.A.C.)
| | - Purevsuren Jambal
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (D.N.F.); (S.J.B.); (D.M.O.); (D.I.); (P.J.); (K.B.); (L.W.); (J.C.S.); (D.H.B.); (P.S.M.); (E.L.M.); (V.A.C.)
| | - Kristen Bing
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (D.N.F.); (S.J.B.); (D.M.O.); (D.I.); (P.J.); (K.B.); (L.W.); (J.C.S.); (D.H.B.); (P.S.M.); (E.L.M.); (V.A.C.)
| | - Liza Wayland
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (D.N.F.); (S.J.B.); (D.M.O.); (D.I.); (P.J.); (K.B.); (L.W.); (J.C.S.); (D.H.B.); (P.S.M.); (E.L.M.); (V.A.C.)
| | - Janet C. Siebert
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (D.N.F.); (S.J.B.); (D.M.O.); (D.I.); (P.J.); (K.B.); (L.W.); (J.C.S.); (D.H.B.); (P.S.M.); (E.L.M.); (V.A.C.)
| | - Daniel H. Bessesen
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (D.N.F.); (S.J.B.); (D.M.O.); (D.I.); (P.J.); (K.B.); (L.W.); (J.C.S.); (D.H.B.); (P.S.M.); (E.L.M.); (V.A.C.)
| | - Paul S. MacLean
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (D.N.F.); (S.J.B.); (D.M.O.); (D.I.); (P.J.); (K.B.); (L.W.); (J.C.S.); (D.H.B.); (P.S.M.); (E.L.M.); (V.A.C.)
| | - Edward L. Melanson
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (D.N.F.); (S.J.B.); (D.M.O.); (D.I.); (P.J.); (K.B.); (L.W.); (J.C.S.); (D.H.B.); (P.S.M.); (E.L.M.); (V.A.C.)
- Eastern Colorado Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Denver, CO 80045, USA
| | - Victoria A. Catenacci
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (D.N.F.); (S.J.B.); (D.M.O.); (D.I.); (P.J.); (K.B.); (L.W.); (J.C.S.); (D.H.B.); (P.S.M.); (E.L.M.); (V.A.C.)
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Vann CG, Morton RW, Mobley CB, Vechetti IJ, Ferguson BK, Haun CT, Osburn SC, Sexton CL, Fox CD, Romero MA, Roberson PA, Oikawa SY, McGlory C, Young KC, McCarthy JJ, Phillips SM, Roberts MD. An intron variant of the GLI family zinc finger 3 (GLI3) gene differentiates resistance training-induced muscle fiber hypertrophy in younger men. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21587. [PMID: 33891350 PMCID: PMC8234740 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100113rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We examined the association between genotype and resistance training-induced changes (12 wk) in dual x-ray energy absorptiometry (DXA)-derived lean soft tissue mass (LSTM) as well as muscle fiber cross-sectional area (fCSA; vastus lateralis; n = 109; age = 22 ± 2 y, BMI = 24.7 ± 3.1 kg/m2 ). Over 315 000 genetic polymorphisms were interrogated from muscle using DNA microarrays. First, a targeted investigation was performed where single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) identified from a systematic literature review were related to changes in LSTM and fCSA. Next, genome-wide association (GWA) studies were performed to reveal associations between novel SNP targets with pre- to post-training change scores in mean fCSA and LSTM. Our targeted investigation revealed no genotype-by-time interactions for 12 common polymorphisms regarding the change in mean fCSA or change in LSTM. Our first GWA study indicated no SNP were associated with the change in LSTM. However, the second GWA study indicated two SNP exceeded the significance level with the change in mean fCSA (P = 6.9 × 10-7 for rs4675569, 1.7 × 10-6 for rs10263647). While the former target is not annotated (chr2:205936846 (GRCh38.p12)), the latter target (chr7:41971865 (GRCh38.p12)) is an intron variant of the GLI Family Zinc Finger 3 (GLI3) gene. Follow-up analyses indicated fCSA increases were greater in the T/C and C/C GLI3 genotypes than the T/T GLI3 genotype (P < .05). Data from the Auburn cohort also revealed participants with the T/C and C/C genotypes exhibited increases in satellite cell number with training (P < .05), whereas T/T participants did not. Additionally, those with the T/C and C/C genotypes achieved myonuclear addition in response to training (P < .05), whereas the T/T participants did not. In summary, this is the first GWA study to examine how polymorphisms associate with the change in hypertrophy measures following resistance training. Future studies are needed to determine if the GLI3 variant differentiates hypertrophic responses to resistance training given the potential link between this gene and satellite cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Vann
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.,Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Robert W Morton
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher B Mobley
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,The Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Ivan J Vechetti
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | | | | | | | - Casey L Sexton
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Carlton D Fox
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | | | | | - Sara Y Oikawa
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chris McGlory
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kaelin C Young
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - John J McCarthy
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,The Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Stuart M Phillips
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael D Roberts
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Auburn, AL, USA
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Zeng J, Peng L. Comparison of the effect of resistance training on the body compositions of different women groups: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2020; 60:1118-1127. [PMID: 32955838 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.20.10533-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study attempts to investigate whether simple resistance training (RT) exerts different effects on the body composition of different women groups. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Relevant articles from PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched and simultaneously screened by two authors. Twenty-three randomized controlled trials are included. The qualities were evaluated by the Cochrane bias risk evaluation tool. Data about sample size, Means and SD of FM, BF %, FFM and MM from original articles were extracted and processed by Reviewer Manager 5.3 software. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS For women with postmenopausal, RT can significantly reduce their BF% and FM, and increase their FFM; while for women with premenopausal, it can only obviously reduce their BF%. RT can significantly reduce the FM and BF% of women with overweight/obese and increase their FFM, however, it has no significant effect on women with non-overweight/obese. RT can substantially and positively affect the FM, BF% and FFM of women with sedentary, and can significantly increase the FFM of women with non-sedentary. CONCLUSIONS The effect of RT on women's body composition varies across different subgroups with different physiological characteristics. As a consequence, it is more recommended to use RT as a training method for women with postmenopausal, overweight/obese or sedentary, which can achieve a better effect of improving body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zeng
- Physical Education College of Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Peng
- Physical Education College of Southwest University, Chongqing, China -
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Choi KW, Zheutlin AB, Karlson RA, Wang MJ, Dunn EC, Stein MB, Karlson EW, Smoller JW. Physical activity offsets genetic risk for incident depression assessed via electronic health records in a biobank cohort study. Depress Anxiety 2020; 37:106-114. [PMID: 31689000 PMCID: PMC7905987 DOI: 10.1002/da.22967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity is increasingly recognized as an important modifiable factor for depression. However, the extent to which individuals with stable risk factors for depression, such as high genetic vulnerability, can benefit from the protective effects of physical activity, remains unknown. Using a longitudinal biobank cohort integrating genomic data from 7,968 individuals of European ancestry with high-dimensional electronic health records and lifestyle survey responses, we examined whether physical activity was prospectively associated with reduced risk for incident depression in the context of genetic vulnerability. METHODS We identified individuals with incident episodes of depression, based on two or more diagnostic billing codes for a depressive disorder within 2 years following their lifestyle survey, and no such codes in the year prior. Polygenic risk scores were derived based on large-scale genome-wide association results for major depression. We tested main effects of physical activity and polygenic risk scores on incident depression, and effects of physical activity within stratified groups of polygenic risk. RESULTS Polygenic risk was associated with increased odds of incident depression, and physical activity showed a protective effect of similar but opposite magnitude, even after adjusting for BMI, employment status, educational attainment, and prior depression. Higher levels of physical activity were associated with reduced odds of incident depression across all levels of genetic vulnerability, even among individuals at highest polygenic risk. CONCLUSIONS Real-world data from a large healthcare system suggest that individuals with high genetic vulnerability are more likely to avoid incident episodes of depression if they are physically active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karmel W. Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Amanda B. Zheutlin
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Rebecca A. Karlson
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA
| | - Min-Jung Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA
| | - Erin C. Dunn
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA,Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Murray B. Stein
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California,Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California,VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - Elizabeth W. Karlson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Jordan W. Smoller
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Boston, MA
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Ramos-Lopez O, Riezu-Boj JI, Milagro FI, Cuervo M, Goni L, Martinez JA. Models Integrating Genetic and Lifestyle Interactions on Two Adiposity Phenotypes for Personalized Prescription of Energy-Restricted Diets With Different Macronutrient Distribution. Front Genet 2019; 10:686. [PMID: 31417605 PMCID: PMC6683656 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To analyze the influence of genetics and interactions with environmental factors on adiposity outcomes [waist circumference reduction (WCR) and total body fat loss (TFATL)] in response to energy-restricted diets in subjects with excessive body weight. Materials and Methods: Two hypocaloric diets (30% energy restriction) were prescribed to overweight/obese subjects during 16 weeks, which had different targeted macronutrient distribution: a low-fat (LF) diet (22% energy from lipids) and a moderately high-protein (MHP) diet (30% energy from proteins). At the end of the trial, a total of 201 participants (LF diet = 105; MHP diet = 96) who presented good/regular dietary adherence were genotyped for 95 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously associated with weight loss through next-generation sequencing from oral samples. Four unweighted (uGRS) and four weighted (wGRS) genetic risk scores were computed using statistically relevant SNPs for each outcome by diet. Predictions of WCR and TFATL by diet were modeled through recognized multiple linear regression models including genetic (single SNPs, uGRS, and wGRS), phenotypic (age, sex, and WC, or TFAT at baseline), and environment variables (physical activity level and energy intake at baselines) as well as eventual interactions between genes and environmental factors. Results: Overall, 26 different SNPs were associated with differential adiposity outcomes, 9 with WCR and 17 with TFATL, most of which were specific for each dietary intervention. In addition to conventional predictors (age, sex, lifestyle, and adiposity status at baseline), the calculated uGRS/wGRS and interactions with environmental factors were major contributors of adiposity responses. Thus, variances in TFATL-LF diet, TFATL-MHP diet, WCR-LF diet, and WCR-MHP diet were predicted by approximately 38% (optimism-corrected adj. R2 = 0.3792), 32% (optimism-corrected adj. R2 = 0.3208), 22% (optimism-corrected adj. R2 = 0.2208), and 21% (optimism-corrected adj. R2 = 0.2081), respectively. Conclusions: Different genetic variants and interactions with environmental factors modulate the differential individual responses to MHP and LF dietary interventions. These insights and models may help to optimize personalized nutritional strategies for modeling the prevention and management of excessive adiposity through precision nutrition approaches taking into account not only genetic information but also the lifestyle/clinical factors that interplay in addition to age and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Ramos-Lopez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, and Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Medical and Psychology School, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Jose I Riezu-Boj
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, and Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fermin I Milagro
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, and Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERobn, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición; Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Cuervo
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, and Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERobn, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición; Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leticia Goni
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, and Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martinez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, and Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERobn, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición; Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies (IMDEA Food), Madrid, Spain
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8
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Pickering C, Kiely J. Exercise Response Efficiency: A Novel Way to Enhance Population Health? Lifestyle Genom 2019; 11:129-135. [PMID: 31302657 DOI: 10.1159/000501206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The rates of obesity and its related comorbidities have increased substantially over the last 30 years, with approximately 35% of all US adults now classified as obese. Whilst the causes of obesity are both complex and multifactorial, one contributor is a reduction in leisure time physical activity, with no concurrent reduction in energy intake. Physical activity interventions have been demonstrated to promote fat loss, yet more than 50% of US adults undertake no leisure time physical activity at all, with a lack of time and enjoyment often cited as the main drivers of rising inactivity levels. Furthermore, recent evidence has demonstrated that a sub-group of individuals may experience no improvement in a given fitness or health-related measure following a specific training programme, suggesting that there may be optimal exercise types for different groups of individuals. In this paper, we introduce the concept of exercise response efficiency, whereby individuals are matched to the training type from which they are most likely to derive the greatest improvements for the least time commitment. We propose that a more precise targeting of exercise interventions is likely to drive more rapid improvements in health, thereby promoting exercise adherence and enjoyment, whilst simultaneously reducing obesity and mortality risks. Such an innovation would, we suggest, confer important public health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Pickering
- Institute of Coaching and Performance, School of Sport and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom,
| | - John Kiely
- Institute of Coaching and Performance, School of Sport and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom
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Jang SH, Paik IY, Ryu JH, Lee TH, Kim DE. Effects of aerobic and resistance exercises on circulating apelin-12 and apelin-36 concentrations in obese middle-aged women: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Womens Health 2019; 19:23. [PMID: 30696454 PMCID: PMC6352322 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-019-0722-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk for obesity-related diseases increases with the prevalence of obesity. In obesity, adipokines secreted from adipose tissue induce inflammation, causing adverse effects. Recently, adipokines such as apelin, visfatin, and chemerin have been studied. Long-term resistance training improves health in middle-aged women by improving metabolic risk factors, body composition, and muscle strength. However, there is still a lack of evidence on the association of apelin concentration with different exercise types in middle-aged obese women This study aimed to investigate the effects of 8 weeks of aerobic and resistance exercises on apelin-12 and apelin-36 levels and thereby verify the effects of different exercise types in obese, middle-aged women. METHODS Participants were middle-aged women aged 50-61 years, with no experience of systematic exercise in the last 6 months, and met the WHO obesity criteria for the Asia-Pacific region of waist circumference ≥ 80 cm and body fat percentage ≥ 30%. Subjects were selected and allocated to the aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, or no exercise group by block randomization. Body weight, body fat, and body mass index were measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Analysis of variance, the t-test, and Tukey's post-hoc test were performed. RESULTS A total of 24 participants were selected with eight participants in each group. Both aerobic and resistance exercises were effective in altering the physical composition, showing significant decreases in weight, waist circumference, BMI, and body fat. The aerobic and resistance exercise group showed a significant, positive change in apelin-12 levels. CONCLUSIONS In obese individuals, aerobic and resistance exercise were effective in improving obesity and reducing blood apelin-12 concentration, which is closely correlated with indicators of metabolic syndrome. Future research should focus on comparing the response of apelin to exercise in obese subjects treated with only dietary control and the response in the obese subjects of different ages and sex. TRIAL REGISTRATION No. 1040917-201,506-BR-153-04 , Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS), Republic of Korea (05 October 2018, retrospectively registered).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hwa Jang
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722 South Korea
| | - Il-Young Paik
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722 South Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Ryu
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722 South Korea
| | - Tae-Hyung Lee
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722 South Korea
| | - Dae-Eun Kim
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722 South Korea
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Association of ACE2 genetic polymorphisms with hypertension-related target organ damages in south Xinjiang. Hypertens Res 2018; 42:681-689. [PMID: 30542083 PMCID: PMC6477792 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-018-0166-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Essential hypertension (EH) is a principal contributing factor in
worldwide cardiovascular disease mortality. Although interventions that minimize
environmental risk factors for EH are associated with reduced cardiovascular
disease, such approaches are limited for individuals with high genetic EH risk. In
this study, we investigated possible associations between ACE2 polymorphisms and
hypertension-related target organ damages in south Xinjiang, China. Four hundred and
two hypertensive patients were enrolled as study participants in an EH group, and
233 normotensive individuals were enrolled as control subjects. Participants were
recruited from the south Xinjiang region. Fourteen ACE2 polymorphisms were genotyped
by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.
Risk genotypes of rs2074192 (TT+CT, OR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.17–2.53), rs2106809 (TT,
OR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.13–2.58), rs4240157 (CC+CT, OR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.17–3.41),
rs4646155 (TT+CT, OR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.06–3.54), rs4646188 (TT+CT, OR = 3.25, 95%
CI: 1.95–5.41), rs4830542 (CC+CT, OR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.10–3.23), and rs879922
(CC+CG, OR = 4.86, 95% CI: 2.74–8.64) were associated with EH. Hypertensive patients
carrying the control genotype of rs2074192 (CC, OR = 2.37, 95% CI: 1.28–4.39) were
associated with CAS ≥50%, while those carrying a high-EH-risk genotype of rs4240157
(OR = 2.62, 95% CI: 1.24–5.54), rs4646155 (OR = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.16–5.10), or
rs4830542 (CC+CT, OR = 2.20, 95% CI: 1.03–4.69) were associated with atrial
fibrillation (AF), larger left atrial diameter, and higher levels of
renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) activation (renin and angiotensin I/II).
In conclusion, the ACE2 variant rs2074192 was associated with EH and EH with CAS
≥50%, while 3 ACE2 variants (rs4240157, rs4646155, and rs4830542) were associated
with EH- and hypertension-related AF and left atrial remodeling in south Xinjiang,
China.
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Gonzalez JT. Using misleading online media articles to teach critical assessment of scientific findings about weight loss. ADVANCES IN PHYSIOLOGY EDUCATION 2018; 42:500-506. [PMID: 30035631 DOI: 10.1152/advan.00065.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
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Bandstein M, Voisin S, Nilsson EK, Schultes B, Ernst B, Thurnheer M, Benedict C, Mwinyi J, Schiöth HB. A Genetic Risk Score Is Associated with Weight Loss Following Roux-en Y Gastric Bypass Surgery. Obes Surg 2017; 26:2183-2189. [PMID: 26832135 PMCID: PMC4985537 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-016-2072-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Background Currently, Roux-en Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is the most efficient therapy for severe obesity. Weight loss after surgery is, however, highly variable and genetically influenced. Genome-wide association studies have identified several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) associated with body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio (WHR). We aimed to identify two genetic risk scores (GRS) composed of weighted BMI and WHR-associated SNPs to estimate their impact on excess BMI loss (EBMIL) after RYGB surgery. Methods Two hundred and thirty-eight obese patients (BMI 45.1 ± 6.2 kg/m2, 74 % women), who underwent RYGB, were genotyped for 35 BMI and WHR-associated SNPs and were followed up after 2 years. SNPs with high impact on post-surgical weight loss were filtered out using a random forest model. The filtered SNPs were combined into a GRS and analyzed in a linear regression model. Results An up to 11 % lower EBMIL with higher risk score was estimated for two GRS models (P = 0.026 resp. P = 0.021) composed of seven BMI-associated SNPs (closest genes: MC4R, TMEM160, PTBP2, NUDT3, TFAP2B, ZNF608, MAP2K5, GNPDA2, and MTCH2) and of three WHR-associated SNPs (closest genes: HOXC13, LYPLAL1, and DNM3-PIGC). Patients within the lowest GRS quartile had higher EBMIL compared to patients within the other three quartiles in both models. Conclusions We identified two GRSs composed of BMI and WHR-associated SNPs with significant impact on weight loss after RYGB surgery using random forest analysis as a SNP selection tool. The GRS may be useful to pre-surgically evaluate the risks for patients undergoing RYGB surgery. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11695-016-2072-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Bandstein
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Box 593, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Sarah Voisin
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Box 593, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emil K Nilsson
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Box 593, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bernd Schultes
- Interdisciplinary Obesity Center, eSwiss Medical & Surgical Center, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Ernst
- Interdisciplinary Obesity Center, eSwiss Medical & Surgical Center, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Martin Thurnheer
- Interdisciplinary Obesity Center, eSwiss Medical & Surgical Center, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Christian Benedict
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Box 593, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jessica Mwinyi
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Box 593, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helgi B Schiöth
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Box 593, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
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Cantarero-Villanueva I, Sánchez-Jiménez A, Galiano-Castillo N, Díaz-Rodríguez L, Martín-Martín L, Arroyo-Morales M. Effectiveness of Lumbopelvic Exercise in Colon Cancer Survivors: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017; 48:1438-46. [PMID: 27015381 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study evaluated the effectiveness of lumbopelvic exercise in improving health-related fitness, anthropometric measurements, and body composition in colon cancer survivors (CCS). METHODS Forty-six CCS (35% female, n = 14) were assigned to two groups for this randomized controlled clinical trial: a trunk muscle stabilization exercise program group (CO-CUIDATE) and a usual-care group. The CO-CUIDATE program was conducted for 8 wk (three times per week). The primary end point was isometric abdominal strength measured using the trunk curl test. The secondary end points used were isometric back strength, functional capacity, lower-body flexibility, weight, and anthropometric measurements evaluated at baseline, after the physical exercise program and after 6 months of follow-up. A trained member of the research group with 5 yr of experience working with cancer patients and who was blinded to the patient group assessed the variables. All physical tests were conducted with multiple observations. RESULTS The adherence to intervention was 88.36%, and two dropouts (10.5%) were recorded. Minor side effects, including discomfort with the exercises in the first sessions, were reported by the participants. ANOVA demonstrated significant differences in group-time interactions for isometric abdominal strength (F = 7.7; P = 0.001), functional capacity (F = 4.6; P = 0.015), lower-body flexibility (right, F = 4.3, P = 0.021 and left, F = 3.6, P = 0.034), and waist circumference (F = 5.7; P = 0.07), which were the best values for the CO-CUIDATE group. No significant changes in isometric back strength, weight, hip circumference or body composition were observed. CONCLUSION An 8-wk program based on stabilization exercises is a promising strategy to increase health-related fitness and to reduce waist circumference in CCS. An exercise program based on lumbopelvic exercise is a feasible intervention to improve the control of deep abdominal muscles and health-related fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Cantarero-Villanueva
- 1Institute for Biomedical Research, Granada, SPAIN; 2Mixed University Sport and Health Institute, iMUDS University of Granada, Granada, SPAIN; 3Health Sciences Faculty, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Granada, Granada, SPAIN; and 4Health Sciences Faculty, Department of Nursing, University of Granada, Granada, SPAIN
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Böhm A, Weigert C, Staiger H, Häring HU. Exercise and diabetes: relevance and causes for response variability. Endocrine 2016; 51:390-401. [PMID: 26643313 PMCID: PMC4762932 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0792-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Exercise as a key prevention strategy for diabetes and obesity is commonly accepted and recommended throughout the world. Unfortunately, not all individuals profit to the same extent, some exhibit exercise resistance. This phenomenon of non-response to exercise is found for several endpoints, including glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Since these non-responders are of notable quantity, there is the need to understand the underlying mechanisms and to identify predictors of response. This displays the basis to develop personalized training intervention regimes. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on response variability, with focus on human studies and improvement of glucose homeostasis as outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Böhm
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cora Weigert
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Harald Staiger
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany.
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