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Libby AE, Solt CM, Jackman MR, Sherk VD, Foright RM, Johnson GC, Nguyen TT, Breit MJ, Hulett N, Rudolph MC, Roberson PA, Wellberg EA, Jambal P, Scalzo RL, Higgins J, Kumar TR, Wierman ME, Pan Z, Shankar K, Klemm DJ, Moreau KL, Kohrt WM, MacLean PS. Effects of follicle-stimulating hormone on energy balance and tissue metabolic health after loss of ovarian function. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 326:E626-E639. [PMID: 38536037 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00400.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Loss of ovarian function imparts increased susceptibility to obesity and metabolic disease. These effects are largely attributed to decreased estradiol (E2), but the role of increased follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in modulating energy balance has not been fully investigated. Previous work that blocked FSH binding to its receptor in mice suggested this hormone may play a part in modulating body weight and energy expenditure after ovariectomy (OVX). We used an alternate approach to isolate the individual and combined contributions of FSH and E2 in mediating energy imbalance and changes in tissue-level metabolic health. Female Wistar rats were ovariectomized and given the gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist degarelix to suppress FSH production. E2 and FSH were then added back individually and in combination for a period of 3 wk. Energy balance, body mass composition, and transcriptomic profiles of individual tissues were obtained. In contrast to previous studies, suppression and replacement of FSH in our paradigm had no effect on body weight, body composition, food intake, or energy expenditure. We did, however, observe organ-specific effects of FSH that produced unique transcriptomic signatures of FSH in retroperitoneal white adipose tissue. These included reductions in biological processes related to lipogenesis and carbohydrate transport. In addition, rats administered FSH had reduced liver triglyceride concentration (P < 0.001), which correlated with FSH-induced changes at the transcriptomic level. Although not appearing to modulate energy balance after loss of ovarian function in rats, FSH may still impart tissue-specific effects in the liver and white adipose tissue that might affect the metabolic health of those organs.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We find no effect of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) on energy balance using a novel model in which rats are ovariectomized, subjected to gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonism, and systematically given back FSH by osmotic pump. However, tissue-specific effects of FSH on adipose tissue and liver were observed in this study. These include unique transcriptomic signatures induced by the hormone and a stark reduction in hepatic triglyceride accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E Libby
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Claudia M Solt
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Matthew R Jackman
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Vanessa D Sherk
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
- Center for Scientific Review, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Rebecca M Foright
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Campus, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
| | - Ginger C Johnson
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Thi-Tina Nguyen
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Matthew J Breit
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Nicholas Hulett
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Michael C Rudolph
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Campus, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Paul A Roberson
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Wellberg
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Campus, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Purevsuren Jambal
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Rebecca L Scalzo
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Janine Higgins
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - T Rajendra Kumar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Margaret E Wierman
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Zhaoxing Pan
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Kartik Shankar
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Dwight J Klemm
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Kerrie L Moreau
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Wendy M Kohrt
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Paul S MacLean
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
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Gilley SP, Zarate MA, Zheng L, Jambal P, Yazza DN, Chintapalli SV, MacLean PS, Wright CJ, Rozance PJ, Shankar K. Metabolic and fecal microbial changes in adult fetal growth restricted mice. Pediatr Res 2024; 95:647-659. [PMID: 37935884 PMCID: PMC10899111 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02869-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal growth restriction (FGR) increases risk for development of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Using a mouse model of FGR, we tested whether metabolic outcomes were exacerbated by high-fat diet challenge or associated with fecal microbial taxa. METHODS FGR was induced by maternal calorie restriction from gestation day 9 to 19. Control and FGR offspring were weaned to control (CON) or 45% fat diet (HFD). At age 16 weeks, offspring underwent intraperitoneal glucose tolerance testing, quantitative MRI body composition assessment, and energy balance studies. Total microbial DNA was used for amplification of the V4 variable region of the 16 S rRNA gene. Multivariable associations between groups and genera abundance were assessed using MaAsLin2. RESULTS Adult male FGR mice fed HFD gained weight faster and had impaired glucose tolerance compared to control HFD males, without differences among females. Irrespective of weaning diet, adult FGR males had depletion of Akkermansia, a mucin-residing genus known to be associated with weight gain and glucose handling. FGR females had diminished Bifidobacterium. Metabolic changes in FGR offspring were associated with persistent gut microbial changes. CONCLUSION FGR results in persistent gut microbial dysbiosis that may be a therapeutic target to improve metabolic outcomes. IMPACT Fetal growth restriction increases risk for metabolic syndrome later in life, especially if followed by rapid postnatal weight gain. We report that a high fat diet impacts weight and glucose handling in a mouse model of fetal growth restriction in a sexually dimorphic manner. Adult growth-restricted offspring had persistent changes in fecal microbial taxa known to be associated with weight, glucose homeostasis, and bile acid metabolism, particularly Akkermansia, Bilophilia and Bifidobacteria. The gut microbiome may represent a therapeutic target to improve long-term metabolic outcomes related to fetal growth restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie P Gilley
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Miguel A Zarate
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lijun Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Purevsuren Jambal
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Deaunabah N Yazza
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sree V Chintapalli
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Paul S MacLean
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Clyde J Wright
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Paul J Rozance
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kartik Shankar
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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Hill EB, Konigsberg IR, Ir D, Frank DN, Jambal P, Litkowski EM, Lange EM, Lange LA, Ostendorf DM, Scorsone JJ, Wayland L, Bing K, MacLean PS, Melanson EL, Bessesen DH, Catenacci VA, Stanislawski MA, Borengasser SJ. The Microbiome, Epigenome, and Diet in Adults with Obesity during Behavioral Weight Loss. Nutrients 2023; 15:3588. [PMID: 37630778 PMCID: PMC10458964 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has been linked to the gut microbiome, epigenome, and diet, yet these factors have not been studied together during obesity treatment. Our objective was to evaluate associations among gut microbiota (MB), DNA methylation (DNAme), and diet prior to and during a behavioral weight loss intervention. Adults (n = 47, age 40.9 ± 9.7 years, body mass index (BMI) 33.5 ± 4.5 kg/m2, 77% female) with data collected at baseline (BL) and 3 months (3 m) were included. Fecal MB was assessed via 16S sequencing and whole blood DNAme via the Infinium EPIC array. Food group and nutrient intakes and Healthy Eating Index (HEI) scores were calculated from 7-day diet records. Linear models were used to test for the effect of taxa relative abundance on DNAme and diet cross-sectionally at each time point, adjusting for confounders and a false discovery rate of 5%. Mean weight loss was 6.2 ± 3.9% at 3 m. At BL, one MB taxon, Ruminiclostridium, was associated with DNAme of the genes COL20A1 (r = 0.651, p = 0.029), COL18A1 (r = 0.578, p = 0.044), and NT5E (r = 0.365, p = 0.043). At 3 m, there were 14 unique MB:DNAme associations, such as Akkermansia with DNAme of GUSB (r = -0.585, p = 0.003), CRYL1 (r = -0.419, p = 0.007), C9 (r = -0.439, p = 0.019), and GMDS (r = -0.559, p = 0.046). Among taxa associated with DNAme, no significant relationships were seen with dietary intakes of relevant nutrients, food groups, or HEI scores. Our findings indicate that microbes linked to mucin degradation, short-chain fatty acid production, and body weight are associated with DNAme of phenotypically relevant genes. These relationships offer an initial understanding of the possible routes by which alterations in gut MB may influence metabolism during weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily B. Hill
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (E.B.H.)
| | - Iain R. Konigsberg
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (I.R.K.)
| | - Diana Ir
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Daniel N. Frank
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Purevsuren Jambal
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (E.B.H.)
| | - Elizabeth M. Litkowski
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (I.R.K.)
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Eastern Colorado Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ethan M. Lange
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (I.R.K.)
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Leslie A. Lange
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (I.R.K.)
- Eastern Colorado Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Danielle M. Ostendorf
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jared J. Scorsone
- Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Liza Wayland
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kristen Bing
- Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Paul S. MacLean
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Edward L. Melanson
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Daniel H. Bessesen
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Victoria A. Catenacci
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Maggie A. Stanislawski
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (I.R.K.)
| | - Sarah J. Borengasser
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (E.B.H.)
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Roberson PA, Kincheloe GN, Welles JE, Xu D, Sam-Clarke M, MacLean PS, Lang CH, Jefferson LS, Kimball SR. Glucose-Induced Activation of mTORC1 is Associated with Hexokinase2 Binding to Sestrins in HEK293T Cells. J Nutr 2023; 153:988-998. [PMID: 37061344 PMCID: PMC10273196 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2022.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sestrins (SESN1-3) act as proximal sensors in leucine-induced activation of the protein kinase mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) in complex 1 (mTORC1), a key regulator of cell growth and metabolism. OBJECTIVE In the present study, the hypothesis that SESNs also mediate glucose-induced activation of mTORC1 was tested. METHODS Rats underwent overnight fasting, and in the morning, either saline or a glucose solution (4 g⋅kg-1 BW/10 mL⋅kg-1) was administered by oral gavage; mTORC1 activation in the tibialis anterior muscle was assessed. To further assess the mechanism through which glucose promotes mTORC1 activation, wild-type (WT) HEK293T and HEK293T cells lacking either all 3 SESNs (SESNTKO) or hexokinase 2 (HK2KO) were deprived of glucose, followed by glucose addback, and mTORC1 activation was assessed. In addition, glucose-induced changes in the association of the SESNs with components of the GAP activity toward the Rags (GATOR2) complex and with hexokinase 2 (HK2) were assessed by co-immunoprecipitation. One- and two-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc comparisons were used. RESULTS Glucose administration to fasted rats promoted mTORC1 activation. Similarly, glucose readdition (GluAB) to the medium of glucose-deprived WT cells also promoted mTORC1 activation. By contrast, SESNTKO cells demonstrated attenuated mTORC1 activation following GluAB compared with WT cells. Interestingly, HK2 associated with all 3 SESNs in a glucose-dependent manner, i.e., HK2 abundance in SESN immunoprecipitates was high in cells deprived of glucose and decreased in response to GluAB. Moreover, similar to SESNTKO cells, the sensitivity of mTORC1 to GluAB was attenuated in HK2KO cells compared with WT cells. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study demonstrate that the SESNs and HK2 play important roles in glucose-induced mTORC1 activation in HEK293T cells. However, unlike leucine-induced mTORC1 activation, the effect was independent of the changes in SESN-GATOR2 interaction, and instead, it was associated with alterations in the association of SESNs with HK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Roberson
- Penn State College of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Gregory N Kincheloe
- Penn State College of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jaclyn E Welles
- Penn State College of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Dandan Xu
- Penn State College of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Mahalia Sam-Clarke
- Penn State College of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Paul S MacLean
- Divisions of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Charles H Lang
- Penn State College of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Leonard S Jefferson
- Penn State College of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Scot R Kimball
- Penn State College of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Hershey, PA, USA.
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Hill EB, Siebert JC, Yazza DN, Ostendorf DM, Bing K, Wayland L, Scorsone JJ, Bessesen DH, MacLean PS, Melanson EL, Catenacci VA, Borengasser SJ. Proteomics, dietary intake, and changes in cardiometabolic health within a behavioral weight-loss intervention: A pilot study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022; 30:2134-2145. [PMID: 36321274 PMCID: PMC9634672 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Identifying associations among circulating proteins, dietary intakes, and clinically relevant indicators of cardiometabolic health during weight loss may elucidate biologically relevant pathways affected by diet, allowing for an incorporation of precision nutrition approaches when designing future interventions. This study hypothesized that plasma proteins would be associated with diet and cardiometabolic health indicators within a behavioral weight-loss intervention. METHODS This secondary data analysis included participants (n = 20, mean [SD], age: 40.1 [9.5] years, BMI: 34.2 [4.0] kg/m2 ) who completed a 1-year behavioral weight-loss intervention. Cardiovascular disease-related plasma proteins, diet, and cardiometabolic health indicators were evaluated at baseline and 3 months. Associations were determined via linear regression and integrated networks created using Visualization Of LineAr Regression Elements (VOLARE). RESULTS A total of 16 plasma proteins were associated with ≥1 diet or health indicator at baseline (p < 0.001); changes in 42 proteins were associated with changes in diet or health indicators from baseline to 3 months (p < 0.005). Baseline tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10C (TNFRSF10C) was associated with intakes of dark green vegetables (r = -0.712), and fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) was associated with intakes of unsweetened coffee (r = -0.689). Changes in refined-grain intakes were associated with changes in scavenger receptor cysteine-rich type 1 protein M130 (CD163; r = 0.725), interleukin-1 receptor type 1 (IL1R-T1; r = 0.624), insulin (r = 0.656), and triglycerides (r = 0.648). CONCLUSIONS Circulating cardiovascular disease-related proteins were associated with diet and cardiometabolic health indicators prior to and in response to weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily B. Hill
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Deaunabah N. Yazza
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Danielle M. Ostendorf
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kristen Bing
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Liza Wayland
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jared J. Scorsone
- Department of Medicine, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Daniel H. Bessesen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Paul S. MacLean
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Edward L. Melanson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Eastern Colorado Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Victoria A. Catenacci
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sarah J. Borengasser
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Zaman A, Zaman A, Caldwell AE, Ostendorf DM, Pan Z, Hill EB, Rynders CA, Suboc GT, Bessesen DH, MacLean PS, Melanson EL, Thomas EA, Catenacci VA. RF24 | PSUN110 A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Impact of Combined Hormonal Contraceptives on Components of Energy Balance in Pre-Menopausal Women with Overweight or Obesity. J Endocr Soc 2022. [PMCID: PMC9624749 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvac150.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Combined estrogen and progestin hormonal contraceptives (CHCs, including combined oral contraceptives, hormonal patches, or vaginal rings) expose women to supraphysiologic levels of reproductive hormones, which in turn suppress endogenous estrogen and progesterone. Sustained elevations of synthetic estrogen/progestin or suppression of endogenous hormones in CHC users may lead to altered dietary intake and/or patterns of physical activity (PA). Previously, we reported that CHC use was associated with higher energy intake (EI) and weight regain over 1 year after weight loss in women with overweight and obesity enrolled in a behavioral weight loss program, suggesting a potential impact of CHCs on energy balance in the weight reduced state. The aim of this secondary data analysis was to compare dietary intake and PA in weight-stable women with overweight or obesity using CHCs to non-CHC users. Methods Pre-menopausal women with overweight or obesity (n=269, age 18-55 years, BMI 27-45kg/m2) enrolled in 3 different interventional weight loss trials were categorized as CHC users (CHC, n=48) or non-CHC controls (CON, n=221). Fat mass (FM) and lean mass (LM) were measured with DXA. Self-reported dietary energy and macronutrient intake was obtained from either 3-day (n=178) or 7-day (n=91) written diet diaries and analyzed using Nutrition Data System for Research (NDSR) software. Healthy eating index (HEI) scores for diet quality were calculated in a subset (CHC=17, CON=84) of participants using variables available in NDSR output files. Additionally, average daily step counts were measured over 1 week in a subset (CHC=27, CON=143) of participants using the activPAL device. Results Age was lower in CHC users (mean±SD; CHC 35.3±9.0 vs. CON 39.4±7.6 years, p<0.01), but race and ethnicity did not differ between the two groups. After controlling for age, there were no significant differences between groups in baseline BMI (mean±SEM; CHC 34.3±0.7 vs. CON 34.8±0.3 kg/m2), weight (93.6±2.4 vs. 94.2±1.1 kg), %FM (43.3±0.6 vs. 42.7±0.3%), or %LM (54.3±0.6 vs. 54.7±0.3%). There were no significant differences between groups in EI (mean±SEM; CHC 1763.7±78.1 vs. CON 1768.8±36.7 kcal); proportions of fat (36.7±0.9 vs. 36.9±0.4%), carbohydrate (43.9±1.1 vs. 44.3±0.5%), and protein intake (17.7±0.6 vs. 17.3±0.3%); or HEI scores (58.3±2.9 vs. 56.8±1.3). There was a trend for lower daily step count in CHC users (mean±SEM; CHC 5978±460 vs. CON 6913±197 steps/day, p=0.07). Conclusion Daily steps tended to be lower in CHC users compared to controls, while differences in self-reported dietary intake were not observed. Future studies that are done in larger samples over a greater range of BMI and with more detailed measures of PA timed to the menstrual cycle are needed to explore the extent to which CHC use may impact energy balance in women. Presentation: Sunday, June 12, 2022 12:30 p.m. - 2:30 p.m., Sunday, June 12, 2022 1:06 p.m. - 1:11 p.m.
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Gavin KM, Sullivan TM, Maltzahn JK, Jackman MR, Libby AE, MacLean PS, Kohrt WM, Majka SM, Klemm DJ. Hematopoietic Stem Cell-Derived Adipocytes Modulate Adipose Tissue Cellularity, Leptin Production and Insulin Responsiveness in Female Mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:844877. [PMID: 35721743 PMCID: PMC9203959 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.844877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A subpopulation of adipocytes in the major adipose depots of mice is produced from hematopoietic stem cells rather than mesenchymal progenitors that are the source of conventional white and brown/beige adipocytes. To analyze the impact of hematopoietic stem cell-derived adipocytes (HSCDAs) in the adipose niche we transplanted HSCs in which expression of a diphtheria toxin gene was under the control of the adipocyte-specific adiponectin gene promoter into irradiated wild type recipients. Thus, only adipocytes produced from HSC would be ablated while conventional white and brown adipocytes produced from mesenchymal progenitor cells would be spared. Wild type mice transplanted with HSCs from mice containing a reporter gene, but not the diphtheria toxin gene, regulated by the adiponectin gene promoter served as controls. In mice in which HSCDA production was suppressed, adipocyte size declined while adipose depot weights were unchanged and the number of conventional adipocyte progenitors significantly increased. We also measured a paradoxical increase in circulating leptin levels while physical activity was significantly decreased in the HSCDA depleted mice. Finally, insulin sensitivity was significantly reduced in HSCDA depleted mice. In contrast, loss of HSCDA production had no effect on body weight, components of energy balance, or levels of several circulating adipokines and tissue-resident inflammatory cells. These data indicate that ablation of this low-abundance subpopulation of adipocytes is associated with changes in circulating leptin levels and leptin-regulated endpoints associated with adipose tissue function. How they do so remains a mystery, but our results highlight the need for additional studies to explore the role of HSCDAs in other physiologic contexts such as obesity, metabolic dysfunction or loss of sex hormone production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M. Gavin
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Administration (VA) Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Timothy M. Sullivan
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Joanne K. Maltzahn
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Matthew R. Jackman
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Andrew E. Libby
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Paul S. MacLean
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Wendy M. Kohrt
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Administration (VA) Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Susan M. Majka
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
- Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Dwight J. Klemm
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Administration (VA) Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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8
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Ward AV, Matthews SB, Fettig LM, Riley D, Finlay-Schultz J, Paul KV, Jackman M, Kabos P, MacLean PS, Sartorius CA. Estrogens and Progestins Cooperatively Shift Breast Cancer Cell Metabolism. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071776. [PMID: 35406548 PMCID: PMC8996926 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming remains largely understudied in relation to hormones in estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) positive breast cancer. In this study, we investigated how estrogens, progestins, or the combination, impact metabolism in three ER and PR positive breast cancer cell lines. We measured metabolites in the treated cells using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). Top metabolic processes upregulated with each treatment involved glucose metabolism, including Warburg effect/glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the pentose phosphate pathway. RNA-sequencing and pathway analysis on two of the cell lines treated with the same hormones, found estrogens target oncogenes, such as MYC and PI3K/AKT/mTOR that control tumor metabolism, while progestins increased genes associated with fatty acid metabolism, and the estrogen/progestin combination additionally increased glycolysis. Phenotypic analysis of cell energy metabolism found that glycolysis was the primary hormonal target, particularly for the progestin and estrogen-progestin combination. Transmission electron microscopy found that, compared to vehicle, estrogens elongated mitochondria, which was reversed by co-treatment with progestins. Progestins promoted lipid storage both alone and in combination with estrogen. These findings highlight the shift in breast cancer cell metabolism to a more glycolytic and lipogenic phenotype in response to combination hormone treatment, which may contribute to a more metabolically adaptive state for cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley V. Ward
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (A.V.W.); (S.B.M.); (L.M.F.); (D.R.); (J.F.-S.)
| | - Shawna B. Matthews
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (A.V.W.); (S.B.M.); (L.M.F.); (D.R.); (J.F.-S.)
| | - Lynsey M. Fettig
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (A.V.W.); (S.B.M.); (L.M.F.); (D.R.); (J.F.-S.)
| | - Duncan Riley
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (A.V.W.); (S.B.M.); (L.M.F.); (D.R.); (J.F.-S.)
| | - Jessica Finlay-Schultz
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (A.V.W.); (S.B.M.); (L.M.F.); (D.R.); (J.F.-S.)
| | - Kiran V. Paul
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (K.V.P.); (P.K.)
| | - Matthew Jackman
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (M.J.); (P.S.M.)
| | - Peter Kabos
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (K.V.P.); (P.K.)
| | - Paul S. MacLean
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (M.J.); (P.S.M.)
| | - Carol A. Sartorius
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (A.V.W.); (S.B.M.); (L.M.F.); (D.R.); (J.F.-S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-303-724-3937
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9
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Hopp K, Catenacci VA, Dwivedi N, Kline TL, Wang W, You Z, Nguyen DT, Bing K, Poudyal B, Johnson GC, Jackman MR, Miller M, Steele CN, Serkova NJ, MacLean PS, Nemenoff RA, Gitomer B, Chonchol M, Nowak KL. Weight loss and cystic disease progression in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. iScience 2022; 25:103697. [PMID: 35059607 PMCID: PMC8760407 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Progression of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is modified by metabolic defects and obesity. Indeed, reduced food intake slows cyst growth in preclinical rodent studies. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of daily caloric restriction (DCR) and intermittent fasting (IMF) in a cohort of overweight or obese patients with ADPKD. Clinically significant weight loss occurred with both DCR and IMF; however, weight loss was greater and adherence and tolerability were better with DCR. Further, slowed kidney growth correlated with body weight and visceral adiposity loss independent of dietary regimen. Similarly, we compared the therapeutic efficacy of DCR, IMF, and time restricted feeding (TRF) using an orthologous ADPKD mouse model. Only ADPKD animals on DCR lost significant weight and showed slowed cyst growth compared to ad libitum, IMF, or TRF feeding. Collectively, this supports therapeutic feasibility of caloric restriction in ADPKD, with potential efficacy benefits driven by weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Hopp
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Corresponding author
| | - Victoria A. Catenacci
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Nidhi Dwivedi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Timothy L. Kline
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55901, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55901, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Zhiying You
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Dustin T. Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kristen Bing
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Bhavya Poudyal
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55901, USA
| | - Ginger C. Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Matthew R. Jackman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Marsha Miller
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Cortney N. Steele
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Natalie J. Serkova
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Paul S. MacLean
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Raphael A. Nemenoff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Berenice Gitomer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Michel Chonchol
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kristen L. Nowak
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Corresponding author
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10
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De Jong NP, Rudolph MC, Jackman MR, Sharp RR, Jones K, Houck J, Pan Z, Reusch JEB, MacLean PS, Bessesen DH, Bergouignan A. Short-Term Adaptations in Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Oxidative Capacity and Metabolic Pathways to Breaking up Sedentary Behaviors in Overweight or Obese Adults. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030454. [PMID: 35276813 PMCID: PMC8838620 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Breaking up sedentary behavior with short-frequent bouts of physical activity (PA) differentially influences metabolic health compared with the performance of a single-continuous bout of PA matched for total active time. However, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. We compared skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration (high-resolution respirometry) and molecular adaptations (RNA sequencing) following 4-day exposure to breaks vs. energy-matched single-continuous PA bout in inactive adults with overweight/obesity. Participants (9M/10F, 32.2 ± 6.4 years, 30.3 ± 3.0 kg/m2) completed three 4-day interventions of a randomized cross-over study: SED, sedentary control; MICRO, 5 min brisk walking each hour for 9 h; ONE: 45 min/d continuous brisk walking bout. Fasted muscle biopsies were collected on day 5. Mitochondrial coupling in the presence of lipid-associated substrates was higher after ONE (4.8 ± 2.5) compared to MICRO (3.1 ± 1.1, p = 0.02) and SED (2.3 ± 1.0, p = 0.001). Respiratory rates did not differ across groups with carbohydrate-associated substrates. In pathways associated with muscle contraction transcription signaling, ONE and MICRO similarly enhanced Oxidative Phosphorylation and Sirtuin Signaling expression (p < 0.0001, for both). However, ONE (p < 0.001, for all), but not MICRO, had greater pathway enrichment, including Ca++, mTOR, AMPK, and HIF1α signaling, than SED. Although breaking up sedentary behavior triggered skeletal muscle molecular adaptations favoring oxidative capacity, it did not improve mitochondrial function over the short term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan P. De Jong
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Diabetes and Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (N.P.D.J.); (D.H.B.)
| | - Michael C. Rudolph
- Department of Physiology, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (M.C.R.); (R.R.S.)
| | - Matthew R. Jackman
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (M.R.J.); (J.H.); (P.S.M.)
| | - Rachel R. Sharp
- Department of Physiology, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (M.C.R.); (R.R.S.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Cytometric Research, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | - Ken Jones
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Cytometric Research, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | - Julie Houck
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (M.R.J.); (J.H.); (P.S.M.)
| | - Zhaoxing Pan
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Jane E. B. Reusch
- Center for Women’s Health Research, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Paul S. MacLean
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (M.R.J.); (J.H.); (P.S.M.)
| | - Daniel H. Bessesen
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Diabetes and Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (N.P.D.J.); (D.H.B.)
- Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO 80204, USA
| | - Audrey Bergouignan
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Diabetes and Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (N.P.D.J.); (D.H.B.)
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Université de Strasbourg, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7178, 67037 Strasbourg, France
- Correspondence: or
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11
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Wellberg EA, Corleto KA, Checkley LA, Jindal S, Johnson G, Higgins JA, Obeid S, Anderson SM, Thor AD, Schedin PJ, MacLean PS, Giles ED. Preventing ovariectomy-induced weight gain decreases tumor burden in rodent models of obesity and postmenopausal breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2022; 24:42. [PMID: 35725493 PMCID: PMC9208221 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-022-01535-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and adult weight gain are linked to increased breast cancer risk and poorer clinical outcomes in postmenopausal women, particularly for hormone-dependent tumors. Menopause is a time when significant weight gain occurs in many women, and clinical and preclinical studies have identified menopause (or ovariectomy) as a period of vulnerability for breast cancer development and promotion. METHODS We hypothesized that preventing weight gain after ovariectomy (OVX) may be sufficient to prevent the formation of new tumors and decrease growth of existing mammary tumors. We tested this hypothesis in a rat model of obesity and carcinogen-induced postmenopausal mammary cancer and validated our findings in a murine xenograft model with implanted human tumors. RESULTS In both models, preventing weight gain after OVX significantly decreased obesity-associated tumor development and growth. Importantly, we did not induce weight loss in these animals, but simply prevented weight gain. In both lean and obese rats, preventing weight gain reduced visceral fat accumulation and associated insulin resistance. Similarly, the intervention decreased circulating tumor-promoting growth factors and inflammatory cytokines (i.e., BDNF, TNFα, FGF-2), with greater effects in obese compared to lean rats. In obese rats, preventing weight gain decreased adipocyte size, adipose tissue macrophage infiltration, reduced expression of the tumor-promoting growth factor FGF-1 in mammary adipose, and reduced phosphorylated FGFR indicating reduced FGF signaling in tumors. CONCLUSIONS Together, these findings suggest that the underlying mechanisms associated with the anti-tumor effects of weight maintenance are multi-factorial, and that weight maintenance during the peri-/postmenopausal period may be a viable strategy for reducing obesity-associated breast cancer risk and progression in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Wellberg
- grid.266902.90000 0001 2179 3618Department of Pathology, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, and Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | - Karen A. Corleto
- grid.264756.40000 0004 4687 2082Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
| | - L. Allyson Checkley
- grid.430503.10000 0001 0703 675XDivisions of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Sonali Jindal
- grid.5288.70000 0000 9758 5690Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA ,grid.5288.70000 0000 9758 5690Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | - Ginger Johnson
- grid.430503.10000 0001 0703 675XDivisions of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA ,grid.430503.10000 0001 0703 675XAnschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Janine A. Higgins
- grid.430503.10000 0001 0703 675XDepartment of Pediatrics, Endocrinology Section, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Sarina Obeid
- grid.264756.40000 0004 4687 2082Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
| | - Steven M. Anderson
- grid.430503.10000 0001 0703 675XDepartment of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA ,grid.499234.10000 0004 0433 9255University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Ann D. Thor
- grid.430503.10000 0001 0703 675XDepartment of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA ,grid.499234.10000 0004 0433 9255University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Pepper J. Schedin
- grid.5288.70000 0000 9758 5690Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA ,grid.5288.70000 0000 9758 5690Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | - Paul S. MacLean
- grid.430503.10000 0001 0703 675XDivisions of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA ,grid.430503.10000 0001 0703 675XAnschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA ,grid.499234.10000 0004 0433 9255University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Erin D. Giles
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
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12
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Scalzo RL, Foright RM, Hull SE, Knaub LA, Johnson-Murguia S, Kinanee F, Kaplan J, Houck JA, Johnson G, Sharp RR, Gillen AE, Jones KL, Zhang AMY, Johnson JD, MacLean PS, Reusch JEB, Wright-Hobart S, Wellberg EA. Breast Cancer Endocrine Therapy Promotes Weight Gain With Distinct Adipose Tissue Effects in Lean and Obese Female Mice. Endocrinology 2021; 162:bqab174. [PMID: 34410380 PMCID: PMC8455348 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer survivors treated with tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors report weight gain and have an elevated risk of type 2 diabetes, especially if they have obesity. These patient experiences are inconsistent with, preclinical studies using high doses of tamoxifen which reported acute weight loss. We investigated the impact of breast cancer endocrine therapies in a preclinical model of obesity and in a small group of breast adipose tissue samples from women taking tamoxifen to understand the clinical findings. Mature female mice were housed at thermoneutrality and fed either a low-fat/low-sucrose (LFLS) or a high-fat/high-sucrose (HFHS) diet. Consistent with the high expression of Esr1 observed in mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue, endocrine therapy was associated with adipose accumulation and more preadipocytes compared with estrogen-treated control mice but resulted in fewer adipocyte progenitors only in the context of HFHS. Analysis of subcutaneous adipose stromal cells revealed diet- and treatment-dependent effects of endocrine therapies on various cell types and genes, illustrating the complexity of adipose tissue estrogen receptor signaling. Breast cancer therapies supported adipocyte hypertrophy and associated with hepatic steatosis, hyperinsulinemia, and glucose intolerance, particularly in obese females. Current tamoxifen use associated with larger breast adipocyte diameter only in women with obesity. Our translational studies suggest that endocrine therapies may disrupt adipocyte progenitors and support adipocyte hypertrophy, potentially leading to ectopic lipid deposition that may be linked to a greater type 2 diabetes risk. Monitoring glucose tolerance and potential interventions that target insulin action should be considered for some women receiving life-saving endocrine therapies for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Scalzo
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Diabetes, Department of Medicine; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Center for Women’s Health Research; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Rebecca M Foright
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Sara E Hull
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Diabetes, Department of Medicine; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Leslie A Knaub
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Diabetes, Department of Medicine; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Stevi Johnson-Murguia
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, Harold Hamm Diabetes Research Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Fotobari Kinanee
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jeffrey Kaplan
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Julie A Houck
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Diabetes, Department of Medicine; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ginger Johnson
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Diabetes, Department of Medicine; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Rachel R Sharp
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, Harold Hamm Diabetes Research Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Austin E Gillen
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kenneth L Jones
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, Harold Hamm Diabetes Research Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Anni M Y Zhang
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - James D Johnson
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Paul S MacLean
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Diabetes, Department of Medicine; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Center for Women’s Health Research; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jane E B Reusch
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Diabetes, Department of Medicine; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Center for Women’s Health Research; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Sabrina Wright-Hobart
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Wellberg
- Center for Women’s Health Research; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, Harold Hamm Diabetes Research Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Dahle JH, Ostendorf DM, Pan Z, MacLean PS, Bessesen DH, Heymsfield SB, Melanson EL, Catenacci VA. Weight and body composition changes affect resting energy expenditure predictive equations during a 12-month weight-loss intervention. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:1596-1605. [PMID: 34431624 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mathematical equations that predict resting energy expenditure (REE) are widely used to derive calorie prescriptions during weight-loss interventions. Although such equations are known to introduce group- and individual-level error into REE prediction, their validity has largely been assessed in weight-stable populations. Therefore, this study sought to characterize how weight change affects the validity of commonly used REE predictive models throughout a 12-month weight-loss intervention. METHODS Changes in predictive error of four models (Mifflin-St-Jeor, Harris-Benedict, Owen, and World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture) were assessed at 1-, 6-, and 12-month time points in adults (n = 66, 76% female, aged 18-55 years, BMI = 27-45 kg/m2 ) enrolled in a randomized clinical weight-loss trial. RESULTS All equations experienced significant negative shifts in bias (measured - predicted REE) toward overprediction from baseline to 1 month (p < 0.05). Three equations showed reversal of bias in the positive direction (toward underprediction) from baseline to 12 months (p < 0.05). Early changes in bias were correlated with decreased fat-free mass (p ≤ 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Changes in body composition and mass during a 12-month weight-loss intervention significantly affected REE predictive error in adults with overweight and obesity. Weight history should be considered when using mathematical models to predict REE during periods of weight fluctuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared H Dahle
- Integrated Physiology Program, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Danielle M Ostendorf
- Department of Medicine, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Zhaoxing Pan
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Paul S MacLean
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Daniel H Bessesen
- Department of Medicine, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Edward L Melanson
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Victoria A Catenacci
- Department of Medicine, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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14
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Stanislawski MA, Frank DN, Borengasser SJ, Ostendorf DM, Ir D, Jambal P, Bing K, Wayland L, Siebert JC, Bessesen DH, MacLean PS, Melanson EL, Catenacci VA. The Gut Microbiota during a Behavioral Weight Loss Intervention. Nutrients 2021; 13:3248. [PMID: 34579125 PMCID: PMC8471894 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered gut microbiota has been linked to obesity and may influence weight loss. We are conducting an ongoing weight loss trial, comparing daily caloric restriction (DCR) to intermittent fasting (IMF) in adults who are overweight or obese. We report here an ancillary study of the gut microbiota and selected obesity-related parameters at the baseline and after the first three months of interventions. During this time, participants experienced significant improvements in clinical health measures, along with altered composition and diversity of fecal microbiota. We observed significant associations between the gut microbiota features and clinical measures, including weight and waist circumference, as well as changes in these clinical measures over time. Analysis by intervention group found between-group differences in the relative abundance of Akkermansia in response to the interventions. Our results provide insight into the impact of baseline gut microbiota on weight loss responsiveness as well as the early effects of DCR and IMF on gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie A. Stanislawski
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (D.N.F.); (S.J.B.); (D.M.O.); (D.I.); (P.J.); (K.B.); (L.W.); (J.C.S.); (D.H.B.); (P.S.M.); (E.L.M.); (V.A.C.)
| | - Daniel N. Frank
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (D.N.F.); (S.J.B.); (D.M.O.); (D.I.); (P.J.); (K.B.); (L.W.); (J.C.S.); (D.H.B.); (P.S.M.); (E.L.M.); (V.A.C.)
| | - Sarah J. Borengasser
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (D.N.F.); (S.J.B.); (D.M.O.); (D.I.); (P.J.); (K.B.); (L.W.); (J.C.S.); (D.H.B.); (P.S.M.); (E.L.M.); (V.A.C.)
| | - Danielle M. Ostendorf
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (D.N.F.); (S.J.B.); (D.M.O.); (D.I.); (P.J.); (K.B.); (L.W.); (J.C.S.); (D.H.B.); (P.S.M.); (E.L.M.); (V.A.C.)
| | - Diana Ir
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (D.N.F.); (S.J.B.); (D.M.O.); (D.I.); (P.J.); (K.B.); (L.W.); (J.C.S.); (D.H.B.); (P.S.M.); (E.L.M.); (V.A.C.)
| | - Purevsuren Jambal
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (D.N.F.); (S.J.B.); (D.M.O.); (D.I.); (P.J.); (K.B.); (L.W.); (J.C.S.); (D.H.B.); (P.S.M.); (E.L.M.); (V.A.C.)
| | - Kristen Bing
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (D.N.F.); (S.J.B.); (D.M.O.); (D.I.); (P.J.); (K.B.); (L.W.); (J.C.S.); (D.H.B.); (P.S.M.); (E.L.M.); (V.A.C.)
| | - Liza Wayland
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (D.N.F.); (S.J.B.); (D.M.O.); (D.I.); (P.J.); (K.B.); (L.W.); (J.C.S.); (D.H.B.); (P.S.M.); (E.L.M.); (V.A.C.)
| | - Janet C. Siebert
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (D.N.F.); (S.J.B.); (D.M.O.); (D.I.); (P.J.); (K.B.); (L.W.); (J.C.S.); (D.H.B.); (P.S.M.); (E.L.M.); (V.A.C.)
| | - Daniel H. Bessesen
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (D.N.F.); (S.J.B.); (D.M.O.); (D.I.); (P.J.); (K.B.); (L.W.); (J.C.S.); (D.H.B.); (P.S.M.); (E.L.M.); (V.A.C.)
| | - Paul S. MacLean
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (D.N.F.); (S.J.B.); (D.M.O.); (D.I.); (P.J.); (K.B.); (L.W.); (J.C.S.); (D.H.B.); (P.S.M.); (E.L.M.); (V.A.C.)
| | - Edward L. Melanson
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (D.N.F.); (S.J.B.); (D.M.O.); (D.I.); (P.J.); (K.B.); (L.W.); (J.C.S.); (D.H.B.); (P.S.M.); (E.L.M.); (V.A.C.)
- Eastern Colorado Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Denver, CO 80045, USA
| | - Victoria A. Catenacci
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (D.N.F.); (S.J.B.); (D.M.O.); (D.I.); (P.J.); (K.B.); (L.W.); (J.C.S.); (D.H.B.); (P.S.M.); (E.L.M.); (V.A.C.)
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15
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Wellberg EA, Johnson-Murguia S, MacLean PS, Johnson JD, Reusch JEB, Scalzo RL. Breast Cancer Endocrine Therapy Exhausts Adipocyte Progenitors Promoting Weight Gain and Glucose Intolerance. J Endocr Soc 2021. [PMCID: PMC8265747 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvab048.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer survivors treated with anti-estrogen therapies report weight gain and have an elevated risk of type 2 diabetes. Here, we show that current tamoxifen use did not influence body mass index but associated with larger breast adipocyte diameter only in women with obesity, suggesting adipose tissue may be targeted by breast cancer therapies. To understand the mechanisms behind these clinical findings, we investigated the impact of estrogen deprivation and tamoxifen in a relevant pre-clinical murine model of obesity. Specifically, mature female mice were housed at thermoneutrality and fed either a low-fat/low-sucrose (LFLS) or a high-fat/high-sucrose (HFHS) diet. Consistent with the high expression of Esr1 observed in single-cell RNA sequencing of mesenchymal stem cells from mouse adipose tissue, endocrine therapies associated with adipose accumulation and preadipocyte expansion, but resulted in adipocyte progenitor depletion only in the context of HFHS. Consequently, 7-week endocrine therapy supported adipocyte hypertrophy and was associated with hepatic steatosis, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance, particularly in HFHS fed females. We administered HFHS fed females either metformin or pioglitazone, glucose lowering drugs used to treat diabetes, or treadmill interval exercise during endocrine therapy with the goal of improving whole body metabolism. All interventions prevented the effects of tamoxifen but not estrogen deprivation on adipocyte size and insulin resistance in HFHS-fed mice. This translational study suggests that endocrine therapies may act via ER-alpha to directly disrupt adipocyte progenitors and support adipocyte hypertrophy, leading to ectopic lipid deposition that may promote hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Interventions that target insulin action should be considered for some women receiving life-saving endocrine therapies for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul S MacLean
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Jane E B Reusch
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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16
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Siebert JC, Stanislawski MA, Zaman A, Ostendorf DM, Konigsberg IR, Jambal P, Ir D, Bing K, Wayland L, Scorsone JJ, Lozupone CA, Görg C, Frank DN, Bessesen D, MacLean PS, Melanson EL, Catenacci VA, Borengasser SJ. Multiomic Predictors of Short-Term Weight Loss and Clinical Outcomes During a Behavioral-Based Weight Loss Intervention. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:859-869. [PMID: 33811477 PMCID: PMC8085074 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Identifying predictors of weight loss and clinical outcomes may increase understanding of individual variability in weight loss response. We hypothesized that baseline multiomic features, including DNA methylation (DNAme), metabolomics, and gut microbiome, would be predictive of short-term changes in body weight and other clinical outcomes within a comprehensive weight loss intervention. METHODS Healthy adults with overweight or obesity (n = 62, age 18-55 years, BMI 27-45 kg/m2 , 75.8% female) participated in a 1-year behavioral weight loss intervention. To identify baseline omic predictors of changes in clinical outcomes at 3 and 6 months, whole-blood DNAme, plasma metabolites, and gut microbial genera were analyzed. RESULTS A network of multiomic relationships informed predictive models for 10 clinical outcomes (body weight, waist circumference, fat mass, hemoglobin A1c , homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, total cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, leptin, and ghrelin) that changed significantly (P < 0.05). For eight of these, adjusted R2 ranged from 0.34 to 0.78. Our models identified specific DNAme sites, gut microbes, and metabolites that were predictive of variability in weight loss, waist circumference, and circulating triglycerides and that are biologically relevant to obesity and metabolic pathways. CONCLUSIONS These data support the feasibility of using baseline multiomic features to provide insight for precision nutrition-based weight loss interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet C. Siebert
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Adnin Zaman
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Danielle M. Ostendorf
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Iain R. Konigsberg
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Purevsuren Jambal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Diana Ir
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kristen Bing
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Liza Wayland
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jared J. Scorsone
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Catherine A. Lozupone
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Carsten Görg
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Daniel N. Frank
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Daniel Bessesen
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Paul S. MacLean
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Edward L. Melanson
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Eastern Colorado Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Victoria A. Catenacci
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sarah J. Borengasser
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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17
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Presby DM, Rudolph MC, Sherk VD, Jackman MR, Foright RM, Jones KL, Houck JA, Johnson GC, Higgins JA, Neufer PD, Eckel RH, MacLean PS. Lipoprotein Lipase Overexpression in Skeletal Muscle Attenuates Weight Regain by Potentiating Energy Expenditure. Diabetes 2021; 70:867-877. [PMID: 33536195 PMCID: PMC7980196 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Moderate weight loss improves numerous risk factors for cardiometabolic disease; however, long-term weight loss maintenance (WLM) is often thwarted by metabolic adaptations that suppress energy expenditure and facilitate weight regain. Skeletal muscle has a prominent role in energy homeostasis; therefore, we investigated the effect of WLM and weight regain on skeletal muscle in rodents. In skeletal muscle of obesity-prone rats, WLM reduced fat oxidative capacity and downregulated genes involved in fat metabolism. Interestingly, even after weight was regained, genes involved in fat metabolism were also reduced. We then subjected mice with skeletal muscle lipoprotein lipase overexpression (mCK-hLPL), which augments fat metabolism, to WLM and weight regain and found that mCK-hLPL attenuates weight regain by potentiating energy expenditure. Irrespective of genotype, weight regain suppressed dietary fat oxidation and downregulated genes involved in fat metabolism in skeletal muscle. However, mCK-hLPL mice oxidized more fat throughout weight regain and had greater expression of genes involved in fat metabolism and lower expression of genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism during WLM and regain. In summary, these results suggest that skeletal muscle fat oxidation is reduced during WLM and regain, and therapies that improve skeletal muscle fat metabolism may attenuate rapid weight regain.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Presby
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Michael C Rudolph
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Vanessa D Sherk
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Matthew R Jackman
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Rebecca M Foright
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Kenneth L Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Julie A Houck
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Ginger C Johnson
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Janine A Higgins
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - P Darrell Neufer
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute and the Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Robert H Eckel
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Paul S MacLean
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
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18
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Sherk VD, Heveran CM, Foright RM, Johnson GC, Presby DM, Ferguson VL, MacLean PS. Sex differences in the effect of diet, obesity, and exercise on bone quality and fracture toughness. Bone 2021; 145:115840. [PMID: 33418101 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.115840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Bone fragility and obesity are both diseases that are multifactorial in etiology and pathology. The contributing role of high fat diet (HFD) versus energy overconsumption on bone health is controversial. Exercise is often prescribed for improving bone health, but it is unclear whether HFD or overconsumption influences skeletal adaptations to exercise. Female and male Wistar rats were fed HFD or low fat diet (LFD) for 10 weeks, starting at 8 weeks of age. Within HFD, rats were labeled Obesity-Resistant (OR) or Obesity-Prone (OP) based on weight and fat gain. Within each diet and phenotype group, rats were randomized to treadmill exercise or sedentary control (SED) for the final 4 weeks. Femurs were assessed for fracture toughness. Cortical lamellar and nonlamellar bone microscale material behavior and chemistry were assessed using nanoindentation and Raman spectroscopy. Female bones had higher fracture toughness and mineral: matrix ratio than male bones. Diet and energy overconsumption affected bone characteristics in a sex-dependent manner, where the divergence between OP and OR in response to HFD occurred more rapidly in males. Diet composition, in general, had a stronger effect on bone quality than overconsumption. HFD dramatically decreased bone size and lamellar mineral:matrix compared to LFD. Effects of short-term exercise training on microscale tissue properties were generally more robust with LFD. Exercise enhanced the contrast between lamellar and nonlamellar bone for nanoindentation modulus but decreased this contrast for plastic work. Our data demonstrate the complexities in the relationship between diet and obesity and highlight the importance of addressing both aspects when characterizing bone quality and fracture resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa D Sherk
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America.
| | - Chelsea M Heveran
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States of America
| | - Rebecca M Foright
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Ginger C Johnson
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - David M Presby
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Virginia L Ferguson
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO; (5)BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States of America
| | - Paul S MacLean
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
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Martin Carli JF, Trahan GD, Jones KL, Hirsch N, Rolloff KP, Dunn EZ, Friedman JE, Barbour LA, Hernandez TL, MacLean PS, Monks J, McManaman JL, Rudolph MC. Single Cell RNA Sequencing of Human Milk-Derived Cells Reveals Sub-Populations of Mammary Epithelial Cells with Molecular Signatures of Progenitor and Mature States: a Novel, Non-invasive Framework for Investigating Human Lactation Physiology. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2020; 25:367-387. [PMID: 33216249 PMCID: PMC8016415 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-020-09466-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells in human milk are an untapped source, as potential "liquid breast biopsies", of material for investigating lactation physiology in a non-invasive manner. We used single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to identify milk-derived mammary epithelial cells (MECs) and their transcriptional signatures in women with diet-controlled gestational diabetes (GDM) with normal lactation. Methodology is described for coordinating milk collections with single cell capture and library preparation via cryopreservation, in addition to scRNA-seq data processing and analyses of MEC transcriptional signatures. We comprehensively characterized 3740 cells from milk samples from two mothers at two weeks postpartum. Most cells (>90%) were luminal MECs (luMECs) expressing lactalbumin alpha and casein beta and positive for keratin 8 and keratin 18. Few cells were keratin 14+ basal MECs and a small immune cell population was present (<10%). Analysis of differential gene expression among clusters identified six potentially distinct luMEC subpopulation signatures, suggesting the potential for subtle functional differences among luMECs, and included one cluster that was positive for both progenitor markers and mature milk transcripts. No expression of pluripotency markers POU class 5 homeobox 1 (POU5F1, encoding OCT4) SRY-box transcription factor 2 (SOX2) or nanog homeobox (NANOG), was observed. These observations were supported by flow cytometric analysis of MECs from mature milk samples from three women with diet-controlled GDM (2-8 mo postpartum), indicating a negligible basal/stem cell population (epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EPCAM)-/integrin subunit alpha 6 (CD49f)+, 0.07%) and a small progenitor population (EPCAM+/CD49f+, 1.1%). We provide a computational framework for others and future studies, as well as report the first milk-derived cells to be analyzed by scRNA-seq. We discuss the clinical potential and current limitations of using milk-derived cells as material for characterizing human mammary physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayne F Martin Carli
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - G Devon Trahan
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplant, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kenneth L Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplant, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Nicole Hirsch
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kristy P Rolloff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Emily Z Dunn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jacob E Friedman
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Physiology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Linda A Barbour
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Teri L Hernandez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- College of Nursing, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Paul S MacLean
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jenifer Monks
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - James L McManaman
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Michael C Rudolph
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Physiology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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20
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Foright RM, Johnson GC, Kahn D, Charleston CA, Presby DM, Bouchet CA, Wellberg EA, Sherk VD, Jackman MR, Greenwood BN, MacLean PS. Compensatory eating behaviors in male and female rats in response to exercise training. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2020; 319:R171-R183. [PMID: 32551825 PMCID: PMC7473893 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00259.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Exercise is often used as a strategy for weight loss maintenance. In preclinical models, we have shown that exercise may be beneficial because it counters the biological drive to regain weight. However, our studies have demonstrated sex differences in the response to exercise in this context. In the present study, we sought to better understand why females and males exhibit different compensatory food eating behaviors in response to regular exercise. Using a forced treadmill exercise paradigm, we measured weight gain, energy expenditure, food intake in real time, and the anorectic effects of leptin. The 4-wk exercise training resulted in reduced weight gain in males and sustained weight gain in females. In male rats, exercise decreased intake, whereas it increased food intake in females. Our results suggest that the anorectic effects of leptin were not responsible for these sex differences in appetite in response to exercise. If these results translate to the human condition, they may reveal important information for the use and application of regular exercise programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Foright
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ginger C Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Darcy Kahn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Catherine A Charleston
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - David M Presby
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Courtney A Bouchet
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado
| | - Elizabeth A Wellberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Vanessa D Sherk
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Matthew R Jackman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | - Paul S MacLean
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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Bermudez B, Presby DM, Foright RM, Javed N, Jackman MR, Higgins JA, Johnson GC, Carpenter RD, MacLean PS, Sherk VD. Diietary Fat Retention In Cortical Bone In Rats Fed High Fat Diet. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000687476.64924.ad] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Nahomi RB, Nam MH, Rankenberg J, Rakete S, Houck JA, Johnson GC, Stankowska DL, Pantcheva MB, MacLean PS, Nagaraj RH. Kynurenic Acid Protects Against Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Retinal Ganglion Cell Death in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051795. [PMID: 32151061 PMCID: PMC7084183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy and involves the progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), which leads to blindness in patients. We investigated the role of the neuroprotective kynurenic acid (KYNA) in RGC death against retinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Methods: We injected KYNA intravenously or intravitreally to mice. We generated a knockout mouse strain of kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO), an enzyme in the kynurenine pathway that produces neurotoxic 3-hydroxykynurenine. To test the effect of mild hyperglycemia on RGC protection, we used streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic mice. Retinal I/R injury was induced by increasing intraocular pressure for 60 min followed by reperfusion and RGC numbers were counted in the retinal flat mounts. Results: Intravenous or intravitreal administration of KYNA protected RGCs against I/R injury. The I/R injury caused a greater loss of RGCs in wild type than in KMO knockout mice. KMO knockout mice had mildly higher levels of fasting blood glucose than wild type mice. Diabetic mice showed significantly lower loss of RGCs when compared with non-diabetic mice subjected to I/R injury. Conclusion: Together, our study suggests that the absence of KMO protects RGCs against I/R injury, through mechanisms that likely involve higher levels of KYNA and glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rooban B. Nahomi
- Sue Anschutz-Rodgers Eye Center and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (M.-H.N.); (J.R.); (S.R.); (M.B.P.)
- Correspondence: (R.B.N.); (R.H.N.); Tel.: +1-303-724-8824 (R.H.N.)
| | - Mi-Hyun Nam
- Sue Anschutz-Rodgers Eye Center and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (M.-H.N.); (J.R.); (S.R.); (M.B.P.)
| | - Johanna Rankenberg
- Sue Anschutz-Rodgers Eye Center and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (M.-H.N.); (J.R.); (S.R.); (M.B.P.)
| | - Stefan Rakete
- Sue Anschutz-Rodgers Eye Center and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (M.-H.N.); (J.R.); (S.R.); (M.B.P.)
| | - Julie A. Houck
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (J.A.H.); (G.C.J.); (P.S.M.)
| | - Ginger C. Johnson
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (J.A.H.); (G.C.J.); (P.S.M.)
| | - Dorota L. Stankowska
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;
| | - Mina B. Pantcheva
- Sue Anschutz-Rodgers Eye Center and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (M.-H.N.); (J.R.); (S.R.); (M.B.P.)
| | - Paul S. MacLean
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (J.A.H.); (G.C.J.); (P.S.M.)
| | - Ram H. Nagaraj
- Sue Anschutz-Rodgers Eye Center and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (M.-H.N.); (J.R.); (S.R.); (M.B.P.)
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Correspondence: (R.B.N.); (R.H.N.); Tel.: +1-303-724-8824 (R.H.N.)
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Presby DM, Checkley LA, Jackman MR, Higgins JA, Jones KL, Giles ED, Houck JA, Webb PG, Steig AJ, Johnson GC, Rudolph MC, MacLean PS. Regular exercise potentiates energetically expensive hepatic de novo lipogenesis during early weight regain. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2019; 317:R684-R695. [PMID: 31553623 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00074.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Exercise is a potent facilitator of long-term weight loss maintenance (WLM), whereby it decreases appetite and increases energy expenditure beyond the cost of the exercise bout. We have previously shown that exercise may amplify energy expenditure through energetically expensive nutrient deposition. Therefore, we investigated the effect of exercise on hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) during WLM and relapse to obesity. Obese rats were calorically restricted with (EX) or without (SED) treadmill exercise (1 h/day, 6 days/wk, 15 m/min) to induce and maintain weight loss. After 6 wk of WLM, subsets of WLM-SED and WLM-EX rats were allowed ad libitum access to food for 1 day to promote relapse (REL). An energy gap-matched group of sedentary, relapsing rats (REL-GM) were provided a diet matched to the positive energy imbalance of the REL-EX rats. During relapse, exercise increased enrichment of hepatic DN-derived lipids and induced hepatic molecular adaptations favoring DNL compared with the gap-matched controls. In the liver, compared with both REL-SED and REL-GM rats, REL-EX rats had lower hepatic expression of genes required for cholesterol biosynthesis; greater hepatic expression of genes that mediate very low-density lipoprotein synthesis and secretion; and greater mRNA expression of Cyp27a1, which encodes an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of bile acids. Altogether, these data provide compelling evidence that the liver has an active role in exercise-mediated potentiation of energy expenditure during early relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Presby
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - L Allyson Checkley
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Matthew R Jackman
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Janine A Higgins
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kenneth L Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Erin D Giles
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science at Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Julie A Houck
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Patricia G Webb
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Amy J Steig
- Center for Human Nutrition at the University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ginger C Johnson
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Michael C Rudolph
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Paul S MacLean
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Center for Human Nutrition at the University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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Matthews SB, Fettig LM, Ward AV, Jackman MR, MacLean PS, Sartorius CA. Abstract 796: Progestins target mitochondrial respiration to shift metabolic phenotype in luminal breast cancer. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The dichotomous nature of progesterone receptor (PR) in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancers has confounded its use as an endocrine target. Historically, progestins were used to treat some advanced breast cancers and ongoing clinical trials are testing several PR ligands. PR generally opposes ER activity through multiple mechanisms, most notably by altering global ER transcriptional activity to suppress breast tumor growth. However, progestins can also stimulate expansion of endocrine-resistant cancer stem cells (CSCs). Thus, better understanding of potential consequences of progestins in breast cancer is necessary to gauge therapeutic efficacy. Given that ER-driven tumor growth relies on mitochondrial respiration, we evaluated whether PR modulates cell metabolism machinery as a mechanism of ER antagonism. We used functional and morphometric assays in an ER+ breast cancer cell line and patient-derived tumor models to show that progestin treatment dramatically alters mitochondrial function. Multivariate metabolomics analysis highlights a progestin-associated metabolic signature involving accumulation of multiple TCA cycle intermediates, including fumarate, malate, and succinate. Functional assays indicate that progestins impair mitochondrial oxidative reserve capacity and oxygen consumption while ablating estradiol-induced accumulation of ATP in PR+ but not PR− cells. Morphometric assessment of mitochondria via laser-scanning confocal and transmission electron microscopy indicate a shift away from reticular filamentous mitochondria towards smaller, rounder, more perinuclear mitochondria with altered membrane potential. These results suggest that PR targets mitochondrial respiration as part of a broader strategic shift from ER-driven tumor growth to PR-driven thrifty metabolic dormancy. Whether the latter is indicative of an acquired propensity for glycolytic metabolism in indolent tumor cells, CSCs, or perhaps both, is addressed in ongoing studies.
Citation Format: Shawna B. Matthews, Lynsey M. Fettig, Ashley V. Ward, Matthew R. Jackman, Paul S. MacLean, Carol A. Sartorius. Progestins target mitochondrial respiration to shift metabolic phenotype in luminal breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 796.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ashley V. Ward
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
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Grinman DY, Careaga VP, Wellberg EA, Dansey MV, Kordon EC, Anderson SM, Maier MS, Burton G, MacLean PS, Rudolph MC, Pecci A. Liver X receptor-α activation enhances cholesterol secretion in lactating mammary epithelium. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E1136-E1145. [PMID: 30964702 PMCID: PMC6620573 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00548.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Liver X receptors (LXRs) are ligand-dependent transcription factors activated by cholesterol metabolites. These receptors induce a suite of target genes required for de novo synthesis of triglycerides and cholesterol transport in many tissues. Two different isoforms, LXRα and LXRβ, have been well characterized in liver, adipocytes, macrophages, and intestinal epithelium among others, but their contribution to cholesterol and fatty acid efflux in the lactating mammary epithelium is poorly understood. We hypothesize that LXR regulates lipogenesis during milk fat production in lactation. Global mRNA analysis of mouse mammary epithelial cells (MECs) revealed multiple LXR/RXR targets upregulated sharply early in lactation compared with midpregnancy. LXRα is the primary isoform, and its protein levels increase throughout lactation in MECs. The LXR agonist GW3965 markedly induced several genes involved in cholesterol transport and lipogenesis and enhanced cytoplasmic lipid droplet accumulation in the HC11 MEC cell line. Importantly, in vivo pharmacological activation of LXR increased the milk cholesterol percentage and induced sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (Srebp1c) and ATP-binding cassette transporter a7 (Abca7) expression in MECs. Cumulatively, our findings identify LXRα as an important regulator of cholesterol incorporation into the milk through key nodes of de novo lipogenesis, suggesting a potential therapeutic target in women with difficulty initiating lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Y Grinman
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Valeria P Careaga
- Unidad De Microanálisis Y Métodos Físicos Aplicados a la Química Orgánica, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Elizabeth A Wellberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado
| | - María V Dansey
- Unidad De Microanálisis Y Métodos Físicos Aplicados a la Química Orgánica, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Edith C Kordon
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Steven M Anderson
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado
| | - Marta S Maier
- Unidad De Microanálisis Y Métodos Físicos Aplicados a la Química Orgánica, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Gerardo Burton
- Unidad De Microanálisis Y Métodos Físicos Aplicados a la Química Orgánica, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Paul S MacLean
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado
| | - Michael C Rudolph
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado
| | - Adali Pecci
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
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Presby DM, Jackman MR, Rudolph MC, Sherk VD, Foright RM, Houck JA, Johnson GC, Orlicky DJ, Melanson EL, Higgins JA, MacLean PS. Compensation for cold-induced thermogenesis during weight loss maintenance and regain. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E977-E986. [PMID: 30912962 PMCID: PMC6580173 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00543.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Prevalence of obesity is exacerbated by low rates of successful long-term weight loss maintenance (WLM). In part, relapse from WLM to obesity is due to a reduction in energy expenditure (EE) that persists throughout WLM and relapse. Thus, interventions that increase EE might facilitate WLM. In obese mice that were calorically restricted to reduce body weight by ~20%, we manipulated EE throughout WLM and early relapse using intermittent cold exposure (ICE; 4°C, 90 min/day, 5 days/wk, within the last 3 h of the light cycle). EE, energy intake, and spontaneous physical activity were measured during the obese, WLM, and relapse phases. During WLM and relapse, the ICE group expended more energy during the light cycle because of cold exposure but expended less energy in the dark cycle, which led to no overall difference in total daily EE. The compensation in EE appeared to be mediated by activity, whereby the ICE group was more active during the light cycle because of cold exposure but less active during the dark cycle, which led to no overall effect on total daily activity during WLM and relapse. In brown adipose tissue of relapsing mice, the ICE group had greater mRNA expression of Dio2 and protein expression of UCP1 but lower mRNA expression of Prdm16. In summary, these findings indicate that despite robust increases in EE during cold exposures, ICE is unable to alter total daily EE during WLM or early relapse, likely due to compensatory behaviors in activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Presby
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Matthew R Jackman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Michael C Rudolph
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Vanessa D Sherk
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Rebecca M Foright
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Julie A Houck
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ginger C Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - David J Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Edward L Melanson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Janine A Higgins
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Paul S MacLean
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
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Ostendorf DM, Caldwell AE, Creasy SA, Pan Z, Lyden K, Bergouignan A, MacLean PS, Wyatt HR, Hill JO, Melanson EL, Catenacci VA. Physical Activity Energy Expenditure and Total Daily Energy Expenditure in Successful Weight Loss Maintainers. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:496-504. [PMID: 30801984 PMCID: PMC6392078 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to compare physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) and total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) in successful weight loss maintainers (WLM) with normal weight controls (NC) and controls with overweight/obesity (OC). METHODS Participants were recruited in three groups: WLM (n = 25, BMI 24.1 ± 2.3 kg/m2 ; maintaining ≥ 13.6-kg weight loss for ≥ 1 year), NC (n = 27, BMI 23.0 ± 2.0 kg/m2 ; similar to current BMI of WLM), and OC (n = 28, BMI 34.3 ± 4.8 kg/m2 ; similar to pre-weight loss BMI of WLM). TDEE was measured using the doubly labeled water method. Resting energy expenditure (REE) was measured using indirect calorimetry. PAEE was calculated as (TDEE - [0.1 × TDEE] - REE). RESULTS PAEE in WLM (812 ± 268 kcal/d, mean ± SD) was significantly higher compared with that in both NC (621 ± 285 kcal/d, P < 0.01) and OC (637 ± 271 kcal/d, P = 0.02). As a result, TDEE in WLM (2,495 ± 366 kcal/d) was higher compared with that in NC (2,195 ± 521 kcal/d, P = 0.01) but was not significantly different from that in OC (2,573 ± 391 kcal/d). CONCLUSIONS The high levels of PAEE and TDEE observed in individuals maintaining a substantial weight loss (-26.2 ± 9.8 kg maintained for 9.0 ± 10.2 years) suggest that this group relies on high levels of energy expended in physical activity to remain in energy balance (and avoid weight regain) at a reduced body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M. Ostendorf
- Department of Medicine, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus,
Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz
Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ann E. Caldwell
- Department of Medicine, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus,
Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Seth A. Creasy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz
Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Zhaoxing Pan
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO,
USA
| | - Kate Lyden
- KAL Research & Consulting, LLC, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Audrey Bergouignan
- Department of Medicine, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus,
Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz
Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Département d’Ecologie, Physiologie, et Ethologie,
Strasbourg, France
- UMR 7178 Centre National de la Recherche scientifique (CNRS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Paul S. MacLean
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz
Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Holly R. Wyatt
- Department of Medicine, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus,
Aurora, CO, USA
| | - James O. Hill
- Department of Medicine, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus,
Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Edward L. Melanson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz
Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus,
Aurora, CO, USA
- Eastern Colorado Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Victoria A. Catenacci
- Department of Medicine, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus,
Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz
Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Ostendorf DM, Melanson EL, Caldwell AE, Creasy SA, Pan Z, MacLean PS, Wyatt HR, Hill JO, Catenacci VA. No consistent evidence of a disproportionately low resting energy expenditure in long-term successful weight-loss maintainers. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 108:658-666. [PMID: 30321282 PMCID: PMC6186213 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence in humans is equivocal in regards to whether resting energy expenditure (REE) decreases to a greater extent than predicted for the loss of body mass with weight loss, and whether this disproportionate decrease in REE persists with weight-loss maintenance. Objectives We aimed to1) determine if a lower-than-predicted REE is present in a sample of successful weight-loss maintainers (WLMs) and 2) determine if amount of weight loss or duration of weight-loss maintenance are correlated with a lower-than-predicted REE in WLMs. Design Participants (18-65 y old) were recruited in 3 groups: WLMs (maintaining ≥13.6 kg weight loss for ≥1 y, n = 34), normal-weight controls [NCs, body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2) similar to current BMI of WLMs, n = 35], and controls with overweight/obesity (OCs, BMI similar to pre-weight-loss maximum BMI of WLMs, n = 33). REE was measured (REEm) with indirect calorimetry. Predicted REE (REEp) was determined via 1) a best-fit linear regression developed with the use of REEm, age, sex, fat-free mass, and fat mass from our control groups and 2) three standard predictive equations. Results REEm in WLMs was accurately predicted by equations developed from NCs and OCs (±1%) and by 3 standard predictive equations (±3%). In WLMs, individual differences between REEm and REEp ranged from -257 to +163 kcal/d. A lower REEm compared with REEp was correlated with amount of weight lost (r = 0.36, P < 0.05) but was not correlated with duration of weight-loss maintenance (r = 0.04, P = 0.81). Conclusions We found no consistent evidence of a significantly lower REE than predicted in a sample of long-term WLMs based on predictive equations developed from NCs and OCs as well as 3 standard predictive equations. Results suggest that sustained weight loss may not always result in a substantial, disproportionately low REE. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03422380.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Ostendorf
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO,Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO,Address correspondence to DMO (e-mail: )
| | - Edward L Melanson
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO,Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO,Eastern Colorado VA Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Denver, CO
| | - Ann E Caldwell
- Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Seth A Creasy
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Zhaoxing Pan
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Paul S MacLean
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Holly R Wyatt
- Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO,Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - James O Hill
- Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Victoria A Catenacci
- Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO,Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
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Kuwabara M, Kuwabara R, Niwa K, Hisatome I, Smits G, Roncal-Jimenez CA, MacLean PS, Yracheta JM, Ohno M, Lanaspa MA, Johnson RJ, Jalal DI. Different Risk for Hypertension, Diabetes, Dyslipidemia, and Hyperuricemia According to Level of Body Mass Index in Japanese and American Subjects. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1011. [PMID: 30081468 PMCID: PMC6115805 DOI: 10.3390/nu10081011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), dyslipidemia, and hyperuricemia. Here, we evaluated whether the same body mass index (BMI) for the U.S. population conferred similar metabolic risk in Japan. This was a cross-sectional analysis involving 90,047 Japanese adults (18⁻85 years) from St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan and 14,734 adults from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) collected in the U.S. We compared the prevalence of hypertension, DM, dyslipidemia, and hyperuricemia according to BMI in Japan and the U.S. The prevalence of hypertension, DM, and dyslipidemia were significantly higher in the U.S. than Japan, whereas the prevalence of hyperuricemia did not differ between countries. Higher BMI was an independent risk factor for hypertension, DM, dyslipidemia, and hyperuricemia both in Japan and in the U.S. after adjusting for age, sex, smoking and drinking habits, chronic kidney disease, and other cardiovascular risk factors. The BMI cut-off above which the prevalence of these cardio-metabolic risk factors increased was significantly higher in the U.S. than in Japan (27 vs. 23 kg/m² for hypertension, 29 vs. 23 kg/m² for DM, 26 vs. 22 kg/m² for dyslipidemia, and 27 vs. 23 kg/m² for hyperuricemia). Higher BMI is associated with an increased prevalence of hypertension, DM, dyslipidemia, and hyperuricemia both in Japan and U.S. The BMI cut-off above which the prevalence of cardio-metabolic risk factors increases is significantly lower in Japan than the U.S., suggesting that the same definition of overweight/obesity may not be similarly applicable in both countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanari Kuwabara
- Department of Cardiology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo 105-8470, Japan.
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
- Cardiovascular Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo 104-8560, Japan.
| | - Remi Kuwabara
- Department of Pediatrics, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
| | - Koichiro Niwa
- Cardiovascular Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo 104-8560, Japan.
| | - Ichiro Hisatome
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Regenerative Medicine and Genomic Function, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan.
| | - Gerard Smits
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Carlos A Roncal-Jimenez
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Paul S MacLean
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Joseph M Yracheta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Minoru Ohno
- Department of Cardiology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo 105-8470, Japan.
| | - Miguel A Lanaspa
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Richard J Johnson
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Diana I Jalal
- Department of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA 52242, USA.
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30
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Wellberg EA, Kabos P, Gillen AE, Jacobsen BM, Brechbuhl HM, Johnson SJ, Rudolph MC, Edgerton SM, Thor AD, Anderson SM, Elias A, Zhou XK, Iyengar NM, Morrow M, Falcone DJ, El-Hely O, Dannenberg AJ, Sartorius CA, MacLean PS. FGFR1 underlies obesity-associated progression of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer after estrogen deprivation. JCI Insight 2018; 3:120594. [PMID: 30046001 PMCID: PMC6124402 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.120594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity increases breast cancer mortality by promoting resistance to therapy. Here, we identified regulatory pathways in estrogen receptor-positive (ER-positive) tumors that were shared between patients with obesity and those with resistance to neoadjuvant aromatase inhibition. Among these was fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1), a known mediator of endocrine therapy resistance. In a preclinical model with patient-derived ER-positive tumors, diet-induced obesity promoted a similar gene expression signature and sustained the growth of FGFR1-overexpressing tumors after estrogen deprivation. Tumor FGFR1 phosphorylation was elevated with obesity and predicted a shorter disease-free and disease-specific survival for patients treated with tamoxifen. In both human and mouse mammary adipose tissue, FGF1 ligand expression was associated with metabolic dysfunction, weight gain, and adipocyte hypertrophy, implicating the impaired response to a positive energy balance in growth factor production within the tumor niche. In conjunction with these studies, we describe a potentially novel graft-competent model that can be used with patient-derived tissue to elucidate factors specific to extrinsic (host) and intrinsic (tumor) tissue that are critical for obesity-associated tumor promotion. Taken together, we demonstrate that obesity and excess energy establish a tumor environment with features of endocrine therapy resistance and identify a role for ligand-dependent FGFR1 signaling in obesity-associated breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Kabos
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Austin E. Gillen
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, RNA Bioscience Initiative, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Britta M. Jacobsen
- Department of Pathology and
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, & Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Heather M. Brechbuhl
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Michael C. Rudolph
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, & Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | | | | | - Anthony Elias
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Xi Kathy Zhou
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Neil M. Iyengar
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Monica Morrow
- Department of Surgery, MSKCC, New York, New York, USA
| | - Domenick J. Falcone
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Omar El-Hely
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Paul S. MacLean
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, & Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Giles ED, Jindal S, Wellberg EA, Schedin T, Anderson SM, Thor AD, Edwards DP, MacLean PS, Schedin P. Metformin inhibits stromal aromatase expression and tumor progression in a rodent model of postmenopausal breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2018; 20:50. [PMID: 29898754 PMCID: PMC6000949 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-018-0974-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and type II diabetes are linked to increased breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women. Patients treated with the antidiabetic drug metformin for diabetes or metabolic syndrome have reduced breast cancer risk, a greater pathologic complete response to neoadjuvant therapy, and improved breast cancer survival. We hypothesized that metformin may be especially effective when targeted to the menopausal transition, as this is a lifecycle window when weight gain and metabolic syndrome increase, and is also when the risk for obesity-related breast cancer increases. METHODS Here, we used an 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced mammary tumor rat model of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive postmenopausal breast cancer to evaluate the long-term effects of metformin administration on metabolic and tumor endpoints. In this model, ovariectomy (OVX) induces rapid weight gain, and an impaired whole-body response to excess calories contributes to increased tumor glucose uptake and increased tumor proliferation. Metformin treatment was initiated in tumor-bearing animals immediately prior to OVX and maintained for the duration of the study. RESULTS Metformin decreased the size of existing mammary tumors and inhibited new tumor formation without changing body weight or adiposity. Decreased lipid accumulation in the livers of metformin-treated animals supports the ability of metformin to improve overall metabolic health. We also found a decrease in the number of aromatase-positive, CD68-positive macrophages within the tumor microenvironment, suggesting that metformin targets the immune microenvironment in addition to improving whole-body metabolism. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that peri-menopause/menopause represents a unique window of time during which metformin may be highly effective in women with established, or at high risk for developing, breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin D Giles
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, Texas A&M University, 373 Olsen Blvd; 2253 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| | - Sonali Jindal
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Rd, Mailing Code: L215, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Wellberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Troy Schedin
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Steven M Anderson
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Ann D Thor
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Dean P Edwards
- Departments of Molecular & Cellular Biology and Pathology Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Paul S MacLean
- Anschutz Health & Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.,Department of Medicine, Divisions of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Pepper Schedin
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Rd, Mailing Code: L215, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 1130 NW 22nd Ave #100, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
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Foright RM, Presby DM, Sherk VD, Kahn D, Checkley LA, Giles ED, Bergouignan A, Higgins JA, Jackman MR, Hill JO, MacLean PS. Is regular exercise an effective strategy for weight loss maintenance? Physiol Behav 2018; 188:86-93. [PMID: 29382563 PMCID: PMC5929468 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Weight regain after weight loss is one of the most significant challenges to successful obesity treatment. Regular exercise has long been touted as a strategy for weight loss maintenance, but the lack of clear evidence in clinical trials has caused some to question its effectiveness. In this review, we present the arguments both questioning and in support of exercise as an obesity therapeutic. Our purpose is to bring clarity to the literature, present a unified perspective, and identify the gaps in knowledge that need to be addressed in future studies. Critical questions remain including sex differences, individual variability and compensatory behaviors in response to exercise, exercise adherence, the role of energy flux and the molecular mechanisms mediating the beneficial effects of exercise after weight loss and during weight regain. Future research should focus on these critical questions to provide a more complete understanding of the potential benefits of exercise on weight loss maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Foright
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - D M Presby
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - V D Sherk
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - D Kahn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - L A Checkley
- Coram/CVS Specialty Infusion Services, Denver, United States
| | - E D Giles
- Texas A&M University, Department of Nutrition & Food Science, Denver, United States
| | - A Bergouignan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Anschutz Center for Health & Wellness, Denver, United States; Universite de Strasbourg, IPHC, Strasbourg, France; CNRS; UMR7178, Strasbourg, France
| | - J A Higgins
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - M R Jackman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - J O Hill
- Anschutz Center for Health & Wellness, Denver, United States
| | - P S MacLean
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.
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Monks J, Orlicky DJ, Stefanski AL, Libby AE, Bales ES, Rudolph MC, Johnson GC, Sherk VD, Jackman MR, Williamson K, Carlson NE, MacLean PS, McManaman JL. Maternal obesity during lactation may protect offspring from high fat diet-induced metabolic dysfunction. Nutr Diabetes 2018; 8:18. [PMID: 29695710 PMCID: PMC5916951 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-018-0027-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives The current obesity epidemic has spurred exploration of the developmental origin of adult heath and disease. A mother’s dietary choices and health can affect both the early wellbeing and lifelong disease-risk of the offspring. Subjects/Methods To determine if changes in the mother’s diet and adiposity have long-term effects on the baby’s metabolism, independently from a prenatal insult, we utilized a mouse model of diet-induced-obesity and cross-fostering. All pups were born to lean dams fed a low fat diet but were fostered onto lean or obese dams fed a high fat diet. This study design allowed us to discern the effects of a poor diet from those of mother’s adiposity and metabolism. The weaned offspring were placed on a high fat diet to test their metabolic function. Results In this feeding challenge, all male (but not female) offspring developed metabolic dysfunction. We saw increased weight gain in the pups nursed on an obesity-resistant dam fed a high fat diet, and increased pathogenesis including liver steatosis and adipose tissue inflammation, when compared to pups nursed on either obesity-prone dams on a high fat diet or lean dams on a low fat diet. Conclusion Exposure to maternal over-nutrition, through the milk, is sufficient to shape offspring health outcomes in a sex- and organ-specific manner, and milk from a mother who is obesity-prone may partially protect the offspring from the insult of a poor diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer Monks
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - David J Orlicky
- Pathology Department, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Adrianne L Stefanski
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Andrew E Libby
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Elise S Bales
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Michael C Rudolph
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, & Diabetes, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Ginger C Johnson
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, & Diabetes, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Vanessa D Sherk
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, & Diabetes, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Matthew R Jackman
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, & Diabetes, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Kayla Williamson
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nichole E Carlson
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Paul S MacLean
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, & Diabetes, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - James L McManaman
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
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Rosenbaum M, Agurs-Collins T, Bray MS, Hall KD, Hopkins M, Laughlin M, MacLean PS, Maruvada P, Savage CR, Small DM, Stoeckel L. Accumulating Data to Optimally Predict Obesity Treatment (ADOPT): Recommendations from the Biological Domain. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26 Suppl 2:S25-S34. [PMID: 29575784 PMCID: PMC6945498 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The responses to behavioral, pharmacological, or surgical obesity treatments are highly individualized. The Accumulating Data to Optimally Predict obesity Treatment (ADOPT) project provides a framework for how obesity researchers, working collectively, can generate the evidence base needed to guide the development of tailored, and potentially more effective, strategies for obesity treatment. OBJECTIVES The objective of the ADOPT biological domain subgroup is to create a list of high-priority biological measures for weight-loss studies that will advance the understanding of individual variability in response to adult obesity treatments. This list includes measures of body composition, energy homeostasis (energy intake and output), brain structure and function, and biomarkers, as well as biobanking procedures, which could feasibly be included in most, if not all, studies of obesity treatment. The recommended high-priority measures are selected to balance needs for sensitivity, specificity, and/or comprehensiveness with feasibility to achieve a commonality of usage and increase the breadth and impact of obesity research. SIGNIFICANCE The accumulation of data on key biological factors, along with behavioral, psychosocial, and environmental factors, can generate a more precise description of the interplay and synergy among them and their impact on treatment responses, which can ultimately inform the design and delivery of effective, tailored obesity treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rosenbaum
- Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tanya Agurs-Collins
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Molly S Bray
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Kevin D Hall
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark Hopkins
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, England
| | - Maren Laughlin
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul S MacLean
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Padma Maruvada
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Cary R Savage
- Center for Brain, Biology and Behavior, Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Dana M Small
- Yale University Medical School, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Luke Stoeckel
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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MacLean PS, Rothman AJ, Nicastro HL, Czajkowski SM, Agurs-Collins T, Rice EL, Courcoulas AP, Ryan DH, Bessesen DH, Loria CM. The Accumulating Data to Optimally Predict Obesity Treatment (ADOPT) Core Measures Project: Rationale and Approach. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26 Suppl 2:S6-S15. [PMID: 29575780 PMCID: PMC5973529 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individual variability in response to multiple modalities of obesity treatment is well documented, yet our understanding of why some individuals respond while others do not is limited. The etiology of this variability is multifactorial; however, at present, we lack a comprehensive evidence base to identify which factors or combination of factors influence treatment response. OBJECTIVES This paper provides an overview and rationale of the Accumulating Data to Optimally Predict obesity Treatment (ADOPT) Core Measures Project, which aims to advance the understanding of individual variability in response to adult obesity treatment. This project provides an integrated model for how factors in the behavioral, biological, environmental, and psychosocial domains may influence obesity treatment responses and identify a core set of measures to be used consistently across adult weight-loss trials. This paper provides the foundation for four companion papers that describe the core measures in detail. SIGNIFICANCE The accumulation of data on factors across the four ADOPT domains can inform the design and delivery of effective, tailored obesity treatments. ADOPT provides a framework for how obesity researchers can collectively generate this evidence base and is a first step in an ongoing process that can be refined as the science advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S MacLean
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Alexander J Rothman
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Holly L Nicastro
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Susan M Czajkowski
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Tanya Agurs-Collins
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Elise L Rice
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Donna H Ryan
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Catherine M Loria
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Rudolph MC, Jackman MR, Presby DM, Houck JA, Webb PG, Johnson GC, Soderborg TK, de la Houssaye BA, Yang IV, Friedman JE, MacLean PS. Low Neonatal Plasma n-6/n-3 PUFA Ratios Regulate Offspring Adipogenic Potential and Condition Adult Obesity Resistance. Diabetes 2018; 67:651-661. [PMID: 29138256 PMCID: PMC5860857 DOI: 10.2337/db17-0890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue expansion progresses rapidly during postnatal life, influenced by both prenatal maternal factors and postnatal developmental cues. The ratio of omega-6 (n-6) relative to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) is believed to regulate perinatal adipogenesis, but the cellular mechanisms and long-term effects are not well understood. We lowered the fetal and postnatal n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio exposure in wild-type offspring under standard maternal dietary fat amounts to test the effects of low n-6/n-3 ratios on offspring adipogenesis and adipogenic potential. Relative to wild-type pups receiving high perinatal n-6/n-3 ratios, subcutaneous adipose tissue in 14-day-old wild-type pups receiving low n-6/n-3 ratios had more adipocytes that were smaller in size; decreased Pparγ2, Fabp4, and Plin1; several lipid metabolism mRNAs; coincident hypermethylation of the PPARγ2 proximal promoter; and elevated circulating adiponectin. As adults, offspring that received low perinatal n-6/n-3 ratios were diet-induced obesity (DIO) resistant and had a lower positive energy balance and energy intake, greater lipid fuel preference and non-resting energy expenditure, one-half the body fat, and better glucose clearance. Together, the findings support a model in which low early-life n-6/n-3 ratios remodel adipose morphology to increase circulating adiponectin, resulting in a persistent adult phenotype with improved metabolic flexibility that prevents DIO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Rudolph
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Matthew R Jackman
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - David M Presby
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Julie A Houck
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Patricia G Webb
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Ginger C Johnson
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Taylor K Soderborg
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Becky A de la Houssaye
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Ivana V Yang
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Jacob E Friedman
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Paul S MacLean
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
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Sherk VD, Jackman MR, Giles ED, Higgins JA, Foright RM, Presby DM, Johnson GC, Houck JA, Houser JL, Oljira R, MacLean PS. Prior weight loss exacerbates the biological drive to gain weight after the loss of ovarian function. Physiol Rep 2018; 5:e13272. [PMID: 28533263 PMCID: PMC5449558 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Both the history of obesity and weight loss may change how menopause affects metabolic health. The purpose was to determine whether obesity and/or weight loss status alters energy balance (EB) and subsequent weight gain after the loss of ovarian function. Female lean and obese Wistar rats were randomized to 15% weight loss (WL) or ad libitum fed controls (CON). After the weight loss period, WL rats were kept in EB at the reduced weight for 8 weeks prior to ovariectomy (OVX). After OVX, all rats were allowed to eat ad libitum until weight plateaued. Energy intake (EI), spontaneous physical activity, and total energy expenditure (TEE) were measured with indirect calorimetry before OVX, immediately after OVX, and after weight plateau. Changes in energy intake (EI), TEE, and weight gain immediately after OVX were similar between lean and obese rats. However, obese rats gained more total weight and fat mass than lean rats over the full regain period. Post-OVX, EI increased more (P ≤ 0.03) in WL rats (58.9 ± 3.5 kcal/d) than CON rats (8.5 ± 5.2 kcal/d), and EI partially normalized (change from preOVX: 20.5 ± 4.2 vs. 1.5 ± 4.9 kcal/day) by the end of the study. As a result, WL rats gained weight (week 1:44 ± 20 vs. 7 ± 25 g) more rapidly (mean = 44 ± 20 vs. 7 ± 25 g/week; P < 0.001) than CON Prior obesity did not affect changes in EB or weight regain following OVX, whereas a history of weight loss prior to OVX augmented disruptions in EB after OVX, resulting in more rapid weight regain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa D Sherk
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Matthew R Jackman
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Erin D Giles
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Janine A Higgins
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Rebecca M Foright
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - David M Presby
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ginger C Johnson
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Julie A Houck
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jordan L Houser
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Robera Oljira
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Paul S MacLean
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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Wellberg EA, Johnson SJ, Jacobsen BM, Anderson SM, Sartorius CA, MacLean PS, Kabos P. Abstract P5-05-03: Obesity drives breast cancer progression through estrogen dependent and independent mechanisms. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs17-p5-05-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: More than 200,000 women are diagnosed with breast cancer each year and 75% develop estrogen receptor positive (ER+) tumors. Obesity is an independent risk factor for the development of ER+ breast cancer, particularly after menopause, and affects 40% of US women. Obese women are more likely to be diagnosed with advanced tumors, lymph node involvement, and less likely to respond to endocrine therapy versus lean women. Mechanisms underlying the increased risk and worse prognosis of obese women are poorly understood. The dogma in the field states that estrogen production is the main contributor to obesity-associated ER+ breast cancer. We show that this is not always the case. Given the epidemic proportions of obesity in the US, we need better pre-clinical models that will inform focused clinical trials and interventions for patients. In this study, we describe a novel mouse model of obesity and ER+ breast cancer patient-derived xenografts (PDX). Our studies highlight the heterogeneity of responses within the ER+ breast cancer subtype to the obese environment and implicate both estrogen-dependent and independent mechanisms of obesity-associated tumor progression.
Methods: ER+, FGFR1-amplified or non-amplified human tumors were established in ovariectomized lean and obese mice in the presence of high or low estradiol (E2). To simulate the hormonal environment of women on aromatase inhibitors, E2 was removed from half of the mice in each adiposity group and the study was terminated 3 weeks later. Weight gain, body fat percentage, and adipose tissue as well as tumor characteristics were analyzed.
Results: Prior to EWD, obese mice were heavier and had higher body fat percentage than lean mice and also displayed a phenotype of metabolic dysfunction. This trend was accelerated after EWD, with obese mice gaining more weight due to body fat accumulation. Tumors responded in one of two ways: Regardless of FGFR1 amplification, obesity promoted ER+ tumor growth in the presence of low (postmenopausal), but not high (premenopausal) E2. In the presence of low E2, tumor PR levels were higher in obese compared to lean mice, suggesting hyperactive ER signaling. In FGFR1-amplified tumors, obesity promoted tumor growth after EWD. In addition, EWD induced excess fat deposition in visceral depots in both lean and obese mice; however, obese mice also gained fat in mammary adipose depots. Mammary fat pad mass and rate of post-EWD weight gain directly correlated with adipose FGF1 levels. Tumors from obese mice had higher levels of phosphorylated FGFR1, without changes in total FGFR1, compared to lean mice.
Conclusions: Utilizing a unique PDX model system, we show that obesity promotes tumor progression in the presence of low E2, and also after EWD, and identify growth factor receptor signaling as a mediator of these phenotypes. The activation of FGFR1 may underlie increased breast cancer risk and recurrence observed in obese, postmenopausal women.
Citation Format: Wellberg EA, Johnson SJ, Jacobsen BM, Anderson SM, Sartorius CA, MacLean PS, Kabos P. Obesity drives breast cancer progression through estrogen dependent and independent mechanisms [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-05-03.
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Affiliation(s)
- EA Wellberg
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - SJ Johnson
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - BM Jacobsen
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - SM Anderson
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - CA Sartorius
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - PS MacLean
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - P Kabos
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
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Perreault L, Newsom SA, Strauss A, Kerege A, Kahn DE, Harrison KA, Snell-Bergeon JK, Nemkov T, D'Alessandro A, Jackman MR, MacLean PS, Bergman BC. Intracellular localization of diacylglycerols and sphingolipids influences insulin sensitivity and mitochondrial function in human skeletal muscle. JCI Insight 2018; 3:96805. [PMID: 29415895 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.96805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulation of diacylglycerol (DAG) and sphingolipids is thought to promote skeletal muscle insulin resistance by altering cellular signaling specific to their location. However,the subcellular localization of bioactive lipids in human skeletal muscle is largely unknown. METHODS We evaluated subcellular localization of skeletal muscle DAGs and sphingolipids in lean individuals (n = 15), endurance-trained athletes (n = 16), and obese men and women with (n = 12) and without type 2 diabetes (n = 15). Muscle biopsies were fractionated into sarcolemmal, cytosolic, mitochondrial/ER, and nuclear compartments. Lipids were measured using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, and insulin sensitivity was measured using hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. RESULTS Sarcolemmal 1,2-DAGs were not significantly related to insulin sensitivity. Sarcolemmal ceramides were inversely related to insulin sensitivity, with a significant relationship found for the C18:0 species. Sarcolemmal sphingomyelins were also inversely related to insulin sensitivity, with the strongest relationships found for the C18:1, C18:0, and C18:2 species. In the mitochondrial/ER and nuclear fractions, 1,2-DAGs were positively related to, while ceramides were inversely related to, insulin sensitivity. Cytosolic lipids as well as 1,3-DAG, dihydroceramides, and glucosylceramides in any compartment were not related to insulin sensitivity. All sphingolipids but only specific DAGs administered to isolated mitochondria decreased mitochondrial state 3 respiration. CONCLUSION These data reveal previously unknown differences in subcellular localization of skeletal muscle DAGs and sphingolipids that relate to whole-body insulin sensitivity and mitochondrial function in humans. These data suggest that whole-cell concentrations of lipids obscure meaningful differences in compartmentalization and suggest that subcellular localization of lipids should be considered when developing therapeutic interventions to treat insulin resistance. FUNDING National Institutes of Health General Clinical Research Center (RR-00036), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) (R01DK089170), NIDDK (T32 DK07658), and Colorado Nutrition Obesity Research Center (P30DK048520).
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Perreault
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Sean A Newsom
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Allison Strauss
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Anna Kerege
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Darcy E Kahn
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Kathleen A Harrison
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Janet K Snell-Bergeon
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Travis Nemkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Matthew R Jackman
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Paul S MacLean
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Bryan C Bergman
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review summarizes a portion of the discussions of an NIH Workshop (Bethesda, MD, 2015) titled "Self-Regulation of Appetite-It's Complicated," which focused on the biological aspects of appetite regulation. METHODS This review summarizes the key biological inputs of appetite regulation and their implications for body weight regulation. RESULTS These discussions offer an update of the long-held, rigid perspective of an "adipocentric" biological control, taking a broader view that also includes important inputs from the digestive tract, from lean mass, and from the chemical sensory systems underlying taste and smell. It is only beginning to be understood how these biological systems are integrated and how this integrated input influences appetite and food eating behaviors. The relevance of these biological inputs was discussed primarily in the context of obesity and the problem of weight regain, touching on topics related to the biological predisposition for obesity and the impact that obesity treatments (dieting, exercise, bariatric surgery, etc.) might have on appetite and weight loss maintenance. Finally considered is a common theme that pervaded the workshop discussions, which was individual variability. CONCLUSIONS It is this individual variability in the predisposition for obesity and in the biological response to weight loss that makes the biological component of appetite regulation so complicated. When this individual biological variability is placed in the context of the diverse environmental and behavioral pressures that also influence food eating behaviors, it is easy to appreciate the daunting complexities that arise with the self-regulation of appetite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S. MacLean
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - John E. Blundell
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - Rachel L. Batterham
- Centre for Obesity Research, Rayne Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, UK
- National Institute of Health Research, University College London Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London W1T 7DN, UK
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Wellberg EA, Anderson SM, Jacobsen BM, Johnson S, Kabos P, Sartorius C, MacLean PS. Abstract P4-06-07: Fibroblast growth factor receptor activation and breast tumor progression in a mouse xenograft model of obesity. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs16-p4-06-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This abstract was withdrawn by the authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- EA Wellberg
- University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - SM Anderson
- University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - BM Jacobsen
- University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - S Johnson
- University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - P Kabos
- University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - C Sartorius
- University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - PS MacLean
- University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
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Checkley LA, Rudolph MC, Wellberg EA, Giles ED, Wahdan-Alaswad RS, Houck JA, Edgerton SM, Thor AD, Schedin P, Anderson SM, MacLean PS. Metformin Accumulation Correlates with Organic Cation Transporter 2 Protein Expression and Predicts Mammary Tumor Regression In Vivo. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2017; 10:198-207. [PMID: 28154203 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-16-0211-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Several epidemiologic studies have associated metformin treatment with a reduction in breast cancer incidence in prediabetic and type II diabetic populations. Uncertainty exists regarding which patient populations and/or tumor subtypes will benefit from metformin treatment, and most preclinical in vivo studies have given little attention to the cellular pharmacology of intratumoral metformin uptake. Epidemiologic reports consistently link western-style high fat diets (HFD), which drive overweight and obesity, with increased risk of breast cancer. We used a rat model of HFD-induced overweight and mammary carcinogenesis to define intratumoral factors that confer metformin sensitivity. Mammary tumors were initiated with 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea, and rats were randomized into metformin-treated (2 mg/mL drinking water) or control groups (water only) for 8 weeks. Two-thirds of existing mammary tumors responded to metformin treatment with decreased tumor volumes (P < 0.05), reduced proliferative index (P < 0.01), and activated AMPK (P < 0.05). Highly responsive tumors accumulated 3-fold greater metformin amounts (P < 0.05) that were positively correlated with organic cation transporter-2 (OCT2) protein expression (r = 0.57; P = 0.038). Importantly, intratumoral metformin concentration negatively associated with tumor volume (P = 0.03), and each 10 pmol increase in intratumoral metformin predicted >0.11 cm3 reduction in tumor volume. Metformin treatment also decreased proinflammatory arachidonic acid >1.5-fold in responsive tumors (P = 0.023). Collectively, these preclinical data provide evidence for a direct effect of metformin in vivo and suggest that OCT2 expression may predict metformin uptake and tumor response. Cancer Prev Res; 10(3); 198-207. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Allyson Checkley
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Michael C Rudolph
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Elizabeth A Wellberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Erin D Giles
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Reema S Wahdan-Alaswad
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Julie A Houck
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Susan M Edgerton
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ann D Thor
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Pepper Schedin
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Steven M Anderson
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Paul S MacLean
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado. .,Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Center for Human Nutrition, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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Rudolph MC, Young BE, Jackson KH, Krebs NF, Harris WS, MacLean PS. Human Milk Fatty Acid Composition: Comparison of Novel Dried Milk Spot Versus Standard Liquid Extraction Methods. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2016; 21:131-138. [PMID: 27796616 PMCID: PMC5161681 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-016-9365-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate assessment of the long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) content of human milk (HM) provides a powerful means to evaluate the FA nutrient status of breastfed infants. The conventional standard for FA composition analysis of HM is liquid extraction, trans-methylation, and analyte detection resolved by gas chromatography. This standard approach requires fresh or frozen samples, storage in deep freeze, organic solvents, and specialized equipment in processing and analysis. Further, HM collection is often impractical for many studies in the free living environment, particularly for studies in developing countries. In the present study, we compare a novel and more practical approach to sample collection and processing that involves the spotting and drying ~50 μL of HM on a specialized paper stored and transported at ambient temperatures until analysis. Deming regression indicated the two methods aligned very well for all LC-PUFA and the abundant HM FA. Additionally, strong correlations (r > 0.85) were observed for DHA, ARA, EPA, linoleic (LA), and alpha-linolenic acids (ALA), which are of particular interest to the health of the developing infant. Taken together, our data suggest this more practical and inexpensive method of collection, storage, and transport of HM milk samples could dramatically facilitate studies of HM, as well as understanding its lipid composition influences on human health and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Rudolph
- Center for Human Nutrition | Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Mail Stop F-8305; RC1 North, 12800 E. 19th Avenue P18-5402 M, Aurora, CO, 80045-2537, USA.
| | - Bridget E Young
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12700 East 19th Ave, Box C-225, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Kristina Harris Jackson
- OmegaQuant Analytics, LLC, 5009 W. 12th St, Ste 8, Sioux Falls, SD, 57106, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Dakota School of Medicine, 5009 W. 12th St, Ste 8, Sioux Falls, SD, 57106, USA
| | - Nancy F Krebs
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12700 East 19th Ave, Box C-225, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - William S Harris
- OmegaQuant Analytics, LLC, 5009 W. 12th St, Ste 8, Sioux Falls, SD, 57106, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Dakota School of Medicine, 5009 W. 12th St, Ste 8, Sioux Falls, SD, 57106, USA
| | - Paul S MacLean
- Center for Human Nutrition | Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Mail Stop F-8305; RC1 North, 12800 E. 19th Avenue P18-5402 M, Aurora, CO, 80045-2537, USA
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Giles ED, Jackman MR, MacLean PS. Modeling Diet-Induced Obesity with Obesity-Prone Rats: Implications for Studies in Females. Front Nutr 2016; 3:50. [PMID: 27933296 PMCID: PMC5121240 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2016.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide epidemic, and the comorbidities associated with obesity are numerous. Over the last two decades, we and others have employed an outbred rat model to study the development and persistence of obesity, as well as the metabolic complications that accompany excess weight. In this review, we summarize the strengths and limitations of this model and how it has been applied to further our understanding of human physiology in the context of weight loss and weight regain. We also discuss how the approach has been adapted over time for studies in females and female-specific physiological conditions, such as menopause and breast cancer. As excess weight and the accompanying metabolic complications have become common place in our society, we expect that this model will continue to provide a valuable translational tool to establish physiologically relevant connections to the basic science studies of obesity and body weight regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin D Giles
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX , USA
| | - Matthew R Jackman
- Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Paul S MacLean
- Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Song 宋志林 Z, Roncal-Jimenez CA, Lanaspa-Garcia MA, Oppelt SA, Kuwabara M, Jensen T, Milagres T, Andres-Hernando A, Ishimoto T, Garcia GE, Johnson G, MacLean PS, Sanchez-Lozada LG, Tolan DR, Johnson RJ. Role of fructose and fructokinase in acute dehydration-induced vasopressin gene expression and secretion in mice. J Neurophysiol 2016; 117:646-654. [PMID: 27852737 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00781.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fructose stimulates vasopressin in humans and can be generated endogenously by activation of the polyol pathway with hyperosmolarity. We hypothesized that fructose metabolism in the hypothalamus might partly control vasopressin responses after acute dehydration. Wild-type and fructokinase-knockout mice were deprived of water for 24 h. The supraoptic nucleus was evaluated for vasopressin and markers of the aldose reductase-fructokinase pathway. The posterior pituitary vasopressin and serum copeptin levels were examined. Hypothalamic explants were evaluated for vasopressin secretion in response to exogenous fructose. Water restriction increased serum and urine osmolality and serum copeptin in both groups of mice, although the increase in copeptin in wild-type mice was larger than that in fructokinase-knockout mice. Water-restricted, wild-type mice showed an increase in vasopressin and aldose reductase mRNA, sorbitol, fructose and uric acid in the supraoptic nucleus. In contrast, fructokinase-knockout mice showed no change in vasopressin or aldose reductase mRNA, and no changes in sorbitol or uric acid, although fructose levels increased. With water restriction, vasopressin in the pituitary of wild-type mice was significantly less than that of fructokinase-knockout mice, indicating that fructokinase-driven vasopressin secretion overrode synthesis. Fructose increased vasopressin release in hypothalamic explants that was not observed in fructokinase-knockout mice. In situ hybridization documented fructokinase mRNA in the supraoptic nucleus, paraventricular nucleus and suprachiasmatic nucleus. Acute dehydration activates the aldose reductase-fructokinase pathway in the hypothalamus and partly drives the vasopressin response. Exogenous fructose increases vasopressin release in hypothalamic explants dependent on fructokinase. Nevertheless, circulating vasopressin is maintained and urinary concentrating is not impaired. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study increases our understanding of the mechanisms leading to vasopressin release under conditions of water restriction (acute dehydration). Specifically, these studies suggest that the aldose reductase-fructokinase pathways may be involved in vasopressin synthesis in the hypothalamus and secretion by the pituitary in response to acute dehydration. Nevertheless, mice undergoing water restriction remain capable of maintaining sufficient vasopressin (copeptin) levels to allow normal urinary concentration. Further studies of the aldose reductase-fructokinase system in vasopressin regulation appear indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilin Song 宋志林
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; .,Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Carlos A Roncal-Jimenez
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Miguel A Lanaspa-Garcia
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Sarah A Oppelt
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Masanari Kuwabara
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Thomas Jensen
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado.,Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Tamara Milagres
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ana Andres-Hernando
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Takuji Ishimoto
- Departments of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; and
| | - Gabriela E Garcia
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ginger Johnson
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Paul S MacLean
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | - Dean R Tolan
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Richard J Johnson
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
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Morris EM, Meers GM, Koch LG, Britton SL, MacLean PS, Thyfault JP. Increased aerobic capacity reduces susceptibility to acute high-fat diet-induced weight gain. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:1929-37. [PMID: 27465260 PMCID: PMC5572206 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aerobic capacity is the most powerful predictor of all-cause mortality in humans; however, its role in the development of obesity and susceptibility for high-fat diet (HFD)-induced weight gain is not completely understood. METHODS Herein, a rodent model system of divergent intrinsic aerobic capacity [high capacity running (HCR) and low capacity running (LCR)] was utilized to evaluate the role of aerobic fitness on 1-week HFD-induced (45% and 60% kcal) weight gain. Food/energy intake, body composition analysis, and brown adipose tissue gene expression were assessed as important potential factors involved in modulating HFD-induced weight gain. RESULTS HCR rats had reduced 1-week weight gain on both HFDs compared with LCR. Reduced HFD-induced weight gain was associated with greater adaptability to decrease food intake following initiation of the HFDs. Further, the HCR rats were observed to have reduced feeding efficiency and greater brown adipose mass and expression of genes involved in thermogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Rats with high intrinsic aerobic capacity have reduced susceptibility to 1-week HFD-induced weight gain, which is associated with greater food intake adaptability to control intake of energy-dense HFDs, reduced weight gain per kcal consumed, and greater brown adipose tissue mass and thermogenic gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Matthew Morris
- Dept. of Medicine – Nutrition & Exercise Physiology Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO, Kansas City VA
- Dept. of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Grace M.E. Meers
- Dept. of Medicine – Nutrition & Exercise Physiology Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO, Kansas City VA
| | - Lauren G. Koch
- Dept. of Anesthesiology, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center
| | - Steven L. Britton
- Dept. of Anesthesiology, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center
| | - Paul S. MacLean
- Dept. of Physiology and Biophysics, Univ. of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
- Dept. of Medicine - Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Univ. of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - John P. Thyfault
- Dept. of Medical Center-Research Service, Kansas City, Missouri
- Dept. of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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Catenacci VA, Pan Z, Ostendorf D, Brannon S, Gozansky WS, Mattson MP, Martin B, MacLean PS, Melanson EL, Donahoo WT. A randomized pilot study comparing zero-calorie alternate-day fasting to daily caloric restriction in adults with obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:1874-83. [PMID: 27569118 PMCID: PMC5042570 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and tolerability of alternate-day fasting (ADF) and to compare changes in weight, body composition, lipids, and insulin sensitivity index (Si) with those produced by a standard weight loss diet, moderate daily caloric restriction (CR). METHODS Adults with obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m(2) , age 18-55) were randomized to either zero-calorie ADF (n = 14) or CR (-400 kcal/day, n = 12) for 8 weeks. Outcomes were measured at the end of the 8-week intervention and after 24 weeks of unsupervised follow-up. RESULTS No adverse effects were attributed to ADF, and 93% completed the 8-week ADF protocol. At 8 weeks, ADF achieved a 376 kcal/day greater energy deficit; however, there were no significant between-group differences in change in weight (mean ± SE; ADF -8.2 ± 0.9 kg, CR -7.1 ± 1.0 kg), body composition, lipids, or Si. After 24 weeks of unsupervised follow-up, there were no significant differences in weight regain; however, changes from baseline in % fat mass and lean mass were more favorable in ADF. CONCLUSIONS ADF is a safe and tolerable approach to weight loss. ADF produced similar changes in weight, body composition, lipids, and Si at 8 weeks and did not appear to increase risk for weight regain 24 weeks after completing the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A. Catenacci
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora CO
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora CO
| | - Zhaoxing Pan
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora CO
- Children's Hospital Colorado Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora CO
| | - Danielle Ostendorf
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora CO
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora CO
| | - Sarah Brannon
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | | | - Mark P. Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224
- Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Bronwen Martin
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Paul S. MacLean
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora CO
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora CO
| | - Edward L. Melanson
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora CO
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora CO
| | - William Troy Donahoo
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora CO
- Kaiser Permanente, Denver, CO
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Sherk VD, Dana Carpenter R, Giles ED, Oljira R, Mills S, Johnson GC, Higgins JA, MacLean PS. Ibuprofen Before Exercise Does Not Alter Cortical Bone Adaptations to Treadmill Running in Female Rats. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000486473.09360.cf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Giles ED, Hagman J, Pan Z, MacLean PS, Higgins JA. Weight restoration on a high carbohydrate refeeding diet promotes rapid weight regain and hepatic lipid accumulation in female anorexic rats. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2016; 13:18. [PMID: 26937246 PMCID: PMC4773993 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-016-0077-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is currently no standard clinical refeeding diet for the treatment of anorexia nervosa (AN). To provide the most efficacious AN clinical care, it is necessary to define the metabolic effects of current refeeding diets. Methods An activity-based model of anorexia nervosa (AN) was used in female rats. AN was induced over 7d by timed access to low fat (LF) diet with free access to a running wheel. Plasma hormones/metabolites and body composition were assessed at baseline, AN diagnosis (day 0), and following 28d of refeeding on LF diet. Energy balance and expenditure were measured via continuous indirect calorimetry on days −3 to +3. Results AN induction caused stress as indicated by higher levels of corticosterone versus controls (p < 0.0001). The rate of weight gain during refeeding was higher in AN rats than controls (p = 0.0188), despite lower overall energy intake (p < 0.0001). This was possible due to lower total energy expenditure (TEE) at the time of AN diagnosis which remained significantly lower during the entire refeeding period, driven by markedly lower resting energy expenditure (REE). AN rats exhibited lower lipid accumulation in visceral adipose tissues (VAT) but much higher liver accumulation (62 % higher in AN than control; p < 0.05) while maintaining the same total body weight as controls. It is possible that liver lipid accumulation was caused by overfeeding of carbohydrate suggesting that a lower carbohydrate, higher fat diet may be beneficial during AN treatment. To test whether such a diet would be accepted clinically, we conducted a study in adolescent female AN patients which showed equivalent palatability and acceptability for LF and moderate fat diets. In addition, this diet was feasible to provide clinically during inpatient treatment in this population. Conclusion Refeeding a LF diet to restore body weight in female AN rats caused depressed TEE and REE which facilitated rapid regain. However, this weight gain was metabolically unhealthy as it resulted in elevated lipid accumulation in the liver. It is necessary to investigate the use of other diets, such as lower carbohydrate, moderate fat diets, in pre-clinical models to develop the optimal clinical refeeding diets for AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin D Giles
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA ; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Jennifer Hagman
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Zhaoxing Pan
- Biostatistics Core, Children's Hospital Colorado Research Institute, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Paul S MacLean
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA ; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Janine A Higgins
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA ; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
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50
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Giles ED, Steig AJ, Jackman MR, Higgins JA, Johnson GC, Lindstrom RC, MacLean PS. Exercise Decreases Lipogenic Gene Expression in Adipose Tissue and Alters Adipocyte Cellularity during Weight Regain After Weight Loss. Front Physiol 2016; 7:32. [PMID: 26903882 PMCID: PMC4748045 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise is a potent strategy to facilitate long-term weight maintenance. In addition to increasing energy expenditure and reducing appetite, exercise also favors the oxidation of dietary fat, which likely helps prevent weight re-gain. It is unclear whether this exercise-induced metabolic shift is due to changes in energy balance, or whether exercise imparts additional adaptations in the periphery that limit the storage and favor the oxidation of dietary fat. To answer this question, adipose tissue lipid metabolism and related gene expression were studied in obese rats following weight loss and during the first day of relapse to obesity. Mature, obese rats were weight-reduced for 2 weeks with or without daily treadmill exercise (EX). Rats were weight maintained for 6 weeks, followed by relapse on: (a) ad libitum low fat diet (LFD), (b) ad libitum LFD plus EX, or (c) a provision of LFD to match the positive energy imbalance of exercised, relapsing animals. 24 h retention of dietary- and de novo-derived fat were assessed directly using 14C palmitate/oleate and 3H20, respectively. Exercise decreased the size, but increased the number of adipocytes in both retroperitoneal (RP) and subcutaneous (SC) adipose depots, and prevented the relapse-induced increase in adipocyte size. Further, exercise decreased the expression of genes involved in lipid uptake (CD36 and LPL), de novo lipogenesis (FAS, ACC1), and triacylglycerol synthesis (MGAT and DGAT) in RP adipose during relapse following weight loss. This was consistent with the metabolic data, whereby exercise reduced retention of de novo-derived fat even when controlling for the positive energy imbalance. The decreased trafficking of dietary fat to adipose tissue with exercise was explained by reduced energy intake which attenuated energy imbalance during refeeding. Despite having decreased expression of lipogenic genes, the net retention of de novo-derived lipid was higher in both the RP and SC adipose of exercising animals compared to their energy gap-matched controls. Our interpretation of this data is that much of this lipid is being made by the liver and subsequently trafficked to adipose tissue storage. Together, these concerted effects may explain the beneficial effects of exercise on preventing weight regain following weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin D Giles
- Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAurora, CO, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAurora, CO, USA
| | - Amy J Steig
- Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAurora, CO, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAurora, CO, USA
| | - Matthew R Jackman
- Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAurora, CO, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAurora, CO, USA
| | - Janine A Higgins
- Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAurora, CO, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAurora, CO, USA
| | - Ginger C Johnson
- Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAurora, CO, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAurora, CO, USA
| | - Rachel C Lindstrom
- Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAurora, CO, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAurora, CO, USA
| | - Paul S MacLean
- Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAurora, CO, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAurora, CO, USA
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