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de Barros Motta P, Gonçalves MLL, Gallo JMAS, Sobral APT, Motta LJ, Santos EM, de Andrade DJC, Duran CCG, Fernandes KPS, Mesquita-Ferrari RA, Horliana ACRT, Bussadori SK. Evaluation of the Oral Microbiome before and after Treatments for Halitosis with Photodynamic Therapy and Probiotics-Pilot Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1123. [PMID: 38891198 PMCID: PMC11172044 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12111123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To compare photodynamic therapy and the use of probiotics in reducing halitosis assessed through gas chromatography and microbiome analysis. METHODS Participants aged from 18 to 25 years showing sulfide (SH2) ≥ 112 ppb on gas chromatography were selected. They were divided into four treatment groups: Group 1-Tongue Scraping; Group 2-Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT); Group 3-Probiotics; and Group 4-Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) and Probiotics. The halimetry process was performed before, immediately after the treatments, and 7 days, 14 days, and 30 days after the initial collection. The collections for later microbiological analysis were made along with the halimetry for microbiome analysis. RESULTS Treatment with aPDT or probiotics under these experimental conditions was not able to change the bacteria present in the biofilm of the tongue. CONCLUSIONS More research is needed to know the behavior of the oral microbiome in the presence of halitosis and the effectiveness of new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamella de Barros Motta
- Post Graduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo 01525-000, SP, Brazil; (P.d.B.M.); (L.J.M.); (C.C.G.D.); (K.P.S.F.); (R.A.M.-F.); (A.C.R.T.H.)
| | - Marcela Leticia Leal Gonçalves
- Post Graduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo 01525-000, SP, Brazil; (P.d.B.M.); (L.J.M.); (C.C.G.D.); (K.P.S.F.); (R.A.M.-F.); (A.C.R.T.H.)
- Post Graduation Program in Health and Environment, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (UNIMES), Santos 11045-002, SP, Brazil; (M.L.L.G.); (A.P.T.S.); (E.M.S.)
| | | | - Ana Paula Taboada Sobral
- Post Graduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo 01525-000, SP, Brazil; (P.d.B.M.); (L.J.M.); (C.C.G.D.); (K.P.S.F.); (R.A.M.-F.); (A.C.R.T.H.)
- Post Graduation Program in Health and Environment, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (UNIMES), Santos 11045-002, SP, Brazil; (M.L.L.G.); (A.P.T.S.); (E.M.S.)
| | - Lara Jansiski Motta
- Post Graduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo 01525-000, SP, Brazil; (P.d.B.M.); (L.J.M.); (C.C.G.D.); (K.P.S.F.); (R.A.M.-F.); (A.C.R.T.H.)
| | - Elaine Marcílio Santos
- Post Graduation Program in Health and Environment, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (UNIMES), Santos 11045-002, SP, Brazil; (M.L.L.G.); (A.P.T.S.); (E.M.S.)
| | | | - Cinthya Cosme Gutierrez Duran
- Post Graduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo 01525-000, SP, Brazil; (P.d.B.M.); (L.J.M.); (C.C.G.D.); (K.P.S.F.); (R.A.M.-F.); (A.C.R.T.H.)
| | - Kristianne Porta Santos Fernandes
- Post Graduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo 01525-000, SP, Brazil; (P.d.B.M.); (L.J.M.); (C.C.G.D.); (K.P.S.F.); (R.A.M.-F.); (A.C.R.T.H.)
| | - Raquel Agnelli Mesquita-Ferrari
- Post Graduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo 01525-000, SP, Brazil; (P.d.B.M.); (L.J.M.); (C.C.G.D.); (K.P.S.F.); (R.A.M.-F.); (A.C.R.T.H.)
| | - Anna Carolina Ratto Tempestini Horliana
- Post Graduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo 01525-000, SP, Brazil; (P.d.B.M.); (L.J.M.); (C.C.G.D.); (K.P.S.F.); (R.A.M.-F.); (A.C.R.T.H.)
| | - Sandra Kalil Bussadori
- Post Graduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo 01525-000, SP, Brazil; (P.d.B.M.); (L.J.M.); (C.C.G.D.); (K.P.S.F.); (R.A.M.-F.); (A.C.R.T.H.)
- Dentistry College, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (UNIMES), Santos 11045-002, SP, Brazil
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Nini W, Chen L, Jinmei Z, Lufei W, Jingmei Y. The association between halitosis and periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:341. [PMID: 38801476 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05732-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this systemic review and meta-analysis was to explore the association between halitosis and periodontitis in observational studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic search covered PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library until August 18, 2023. Nine observational studies (585 cases, 1591 controls) were analyzed using Stata 17, with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses considered halitosis assessment methods. RESULTS The review found a positive association between halitosis and periodontitis. Significant differences were observed with organoleptic test (OR = 4.05, 95% CI: 1.76, 9.30, p < 0.01) and volatile sulfur compound readings (OR = 4.52, 95% CI: 1.89, 10.83, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS A positive association was observed between halitosis and periodontitis, supported by significant differences in both organoleptic and volatile sulfur compound readings. However, conclusive findings are limited by statistical heterogeneity, emphasizing the need for additional research. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Understanding the halitosis and periodontitis association is clinically significant, informing potential interventions for improved oral health. Further research is vital to refine understanding and guide effective clinical strategies, acknowledging the limitations in current findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Nini
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhang Jinmei
- Department of Periodontics, University of lowa College of Dentistry, lowa City, IA, USA
| | - Wang Lufei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of the Rehabilitation and Reconstruction for Oral and Maxillofacial Research &Department of Orthodontics, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yang Jingmei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Zhang Y, Lo KL, Liman AN, Feng XP, Ye W. Tongue-Coating Microbial and Metabolic Characteristics in Halitosis. J Dent Res 2024:220345241230067. [PMID: 38623900 DOI: 10.1177/00220345241230067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Halitosis is a common oral condition, which leads to social embarrassment and affects quality of life. Cumulative evidence has suggested the association of tongue-coating microbiome with the development of intraoral halitosis. The dynamic variations of tongue-coating microbiota and metabolites in halitosis have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the tongue-coating microbial and metabolic characteristics in halitosis subjects without other oral diseases using metagenomics and metabolomics analysis. The participants underwent oral examination, halitosis assessment, and tongue-coating sample collection for the microbiome and metabolome analysis. It was found that the microbiota richness and diversity were significantly elevated in the halitosis group. Furthermore, species from Actinomyces, Prevotella, Veillonella, and Solobacterium were significantly more abundant in the halitosis group. However, the Rothia and Streptococcus species exhibited opposite tendencies. Eleven Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways were significantly enriched in the halitosis tongue coatings, including cysteine and methionine metabolism. Functional genes related to sulfur, indole, skatole, and cadaverine metabolic processes (such as serA, metH, metK and dsrAB) were identified to be more abundant in the halitosis samples. The metabolome analysis revealed that indole-3-acetic, ornithine, and L-tryptophan were significantly elevated in the halitosis samples. Furthermore, it was observed that the values of volatile sulfur compounds and indole-3-acetic abundances were positively correlated. The multiomics analysis identified the metagenomic and metabolomic characteristics to differentiate halitosis from healthy individuals using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logistic regression and random forest classifier. A total of 19 species and 39 metabolites were identified as features in halitosis patients, which included indole-3-acetic acid, Bacillus altitudinis, Candidatus Saccharibacteria, and Actinomyces species. In conclusion, an evident shift in microbiome and metabolome characteristics was observed in the halitosis tongue coating, which may have a potential etiological significance and provide novel insights into the mechanism for halitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - K L Lo
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - A N Liman
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - X P Feng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - W Ye
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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Xu J, Gu Q, Lu H, Fan J, Ye W. Personality and psychological profile for patients with and without halitosis: A case-control study. Oral Dis 2024; 30:1724-1732. [PMID: 36975762 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the personalities, social avoidance and distress, and anxiety status of Chinese patients with and without objective halitosis, and investigate the association among these psychological disorders. METHODS Patients who complained of bad breath and diagnosed with objective halitosis were enrolled into the halitosis group, while patients without objective halitosis were enrolled into the control group. The questionnaires included the sociodemographic profile of the participants, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), Social Avoidance and Distress Scale (SAD), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). RESULTS A total of 280 patients were assigned into objective halitosis group (n = 146) and control group (n = 134). The extraversion subscales (E) score of the EPQ in the halitosis group were significantly lower than that in the control group (p = 0.001). The total SAD score and proportion of patients with anxiety symptoms in the BAI scale in the objective halitosis was significantly higher than that in the control group (p < 0.05). There was a negative correlation between the extraversion subscale and the total SAD score, Social Avoidance and Social Distress subscales (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Patients with objective halitosis have more introverted personality traits and are more likely to have social avoidance and distress than the nonhalitosis population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Gu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Haixia Lu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Fan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Ye
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, China
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Kaneda T, Watanabe M, Honda H, Yamamoto M, Inagaki T, Hironaka S. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and machine learning for Porphyromonas gingivalis detection in oral bacteria. ANAL SCI 2024; 40:691-699. [PMID: 38374487 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00501-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis, a Gram-negative anaerobic bacillus, is the primary pathogen in periodontitis. Herein, we cultivated strains of oral bacteria, including P. gingivalis and the oral commensal bacteria Actinomyces viscosus and Streptococcus mutans, and recorded the infrared absorption spectra of the gases released by the cultured bacteria at a resolution of 0.5 cm-1 within the wavenumber range of 500-7500 cm-1. From these spectra, we identified the infrared wavenumbers associated with characteristic absorptions in the gases released by P. gingivalis using a decision tree-based machine learning algorithm. Finally, we compared the obtained absorbance spectra of ammonia (NH3) and carbon monoxide (CO) using the HITRAN database. We observed peaks at similar positions in the P. gingivalis gases, NH3, and CO spectra. Our results suggest that P. gingivalis releases higher amounts of NH3 and CO than A. viscosus and S. mutans. Thus, combining Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with machine learning enabled us to extract the specific wavenumber range that differentiates P. gingivalis from a vast dataset of peak intensity ratios. Our method distinguishes the gases from P. gingivalis from those of other oral bacteria and provides an effective strategy for identifying P. gingivalis in oral bacteria. Our proposed methodology could be valuable in clinical settings as a simple, noninvasive pathogen diagnosis technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Kaneda
- Department of Hygiene and Oral Health, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8, Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Masahiro Watanabe
- Department of Hygiene and Oral Health, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8, Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.
| | - Hidehiko Honda
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Fujiyoshida, Showa University, 4562, Kami-yoshida, Fuji-yoshida-shi, Yamanashi, 403-0005, Japan
| | - Masato Yamamoto
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Fujiyoshida, Showa University, 4562, Kami-yoshida, Fuji-yoshida-shi, Yamanashi, 403-0005, Japan
| | - Takae Inagaki
- Department of Hygiene and Oral Health, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8, Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Shouji Hironaka
- Department of Hygiene and Oral Health, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8, Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
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Lee YH, Hong SJ, Lee GJ, Shin SI, Hong JY, Chung SW, Lee YA. Investigation of periodontitis, halitosis, xerostomia, and serological characteristics of patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis and identification of new biomarkers. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4316. [PMID: 38383594 PMCID: PMC10881463 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55004-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) are two different types of arthritis. Within RA, the subsets between seronegative RA (snRA) and seropositive RA (spRA) represent distinct disease entities; however, identifying clear distinguishing markers between them remains a challenge. This study investigated and compared the oral health conditions in patients with RA and OA to clarify the differences from healthy controls. In addition, we investigated the serological characteristics of the patients, the factors that distinguished patients with RA from those with OA, and the main factors that differentiated between snRA and spRA patients. A total of 161 participants (mean age: 52.52 ± 14.57 years, 32 males and 129 females) were enrolled in this study and categorized as: normal (n = 33), OA (n = 31), and RA (n = 97). Patients with RA were divided into the following two subtypes: snRA (n = 18) and spRA (n = 79). Demographics, oral health, and serological characteristics of these patients were compared. The prevalence of periodontal diseases was significantly higher in patients with OA (100%) and RA (92.8%) than in healthy controls (0.0%). However, the presence of periodontal diseases was not utilized as a distinguishing factor between OA and RA. Xerostomia occurred more frequently in patients with RA (84.5%) than in patients with OA (3.2%) and healthy controls (0.0%) (all p < 0.001). ROC analysis revealed that periodontal disease was a very strong predictor in the diagnosis of OA compared to healthy controls, with an AUC value of 1.00 (p < 0.001). Additionally, halitosis (AUC = 0.746, 95% CI 0.621-0.871, p < 0.001) and female sex (AUC = 0.663, 95% CI 0.529-0.797, p < 0.05) were also significant predictors of OA. The strongest predictors of RA diagnosis compared to healthy controls were periodontal diseases (AUC = 0.964), followed by xerostomia (AUC = 0.923), age (AUC = 0.923), female sex (AUC = 0.660), and halitosis (AUC = 0.615) (all p < 0.05). Significant serological predictors of RA were anti-CCP Ab (AUC = 0.808), and RF (AUC = 0.746) (all p < 0.05). In multiple logistic regression analysis, xerostomia (odds ratio, OR: 8124.88, 95% CI 10.37-6368261.97, p-value = 0.008) and Anti-CCP Ab (OR: 671.33, 95% CI 2.18-207,074.02, p = 0.026) were significant predictors for RA compared to OA. When diagnosing spRA compared to snRA, anti-CCP Ab (AUC = 1.000, p < 0.001) and RF (AUC = 0.910, 95%CI 0.854-0.967, p < 0.001) had outstanding predictive performances. Therefore, clinicians and researchers should thoroughly evaluate the oral status of both OA and RA patients, alongside serological factors, and consider these elements as potential predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Hee Lee
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine, Kyung Hee University Dental Hospital, #613 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Korea.
| | - Seung-Jae Hong
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Gi-Ja Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Seung-Il Shin
- Department of Periodontology, Periodontal-Implant Clinical Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Ji-Youn Hong
- Department of Periodontology, Periodontal-Implant Clinical Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Sang Wan Chung
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Yeon-Ah Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Korea.
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Lörinczi F, Vanderka M, Lörincziová D, Kushkestani M. Nose vs. mouth breathing- acute effect of different breathing regimens on muscular endurance. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2024; 16:42. [PMID: 38336799 PMCID: PMC10858538 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-024-00840-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported that the way we breathe (whether through the nose or mouth) can influence many aspects of our health and to some extent, sport performance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acute effects of different breathing regimens on muscular endurance and physiological variables. METHODS A randomized experiment to verify the acute effect of different breathing regimens (NN- inhaling and exhaling through the nose; NM- inhaling through the nose, exhaling through the mouth; MM- inhaling and exhaling through the mouth) on the muscular endurance performance was conducted. 107 physically active college students (68 males, 39 females) performed repeated bench press testing protocol (repetitions to failure (RTF) with 60% of body weight for males (BP60), respectively 40% of body weight for females (BP40)) with various breathing regimens (NN, NM, MM) in random order. Heart rate (HR), blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) and perceived exertion by Borg scale (RPE) were measured as well. A short questionnaire, given after the testing protocol and observation during familiarization, was used to detect each subject's normal breathing approach during resistance training. RESULTS In both genders, no significant differences in RTF, RPE and SpO2 were found. No individual case of deviation of arterial oxygen saturation outside the physiological norm was recorded. In the male group, significantly lower HR values were found during the NN trials, compared to during the NM (p = 0.033) and MM (p = 0.047) trials with no significant differences in females. The HR differences in the males demonstrated a small effect size (NN < NM, d = 0.32; NN < MM, d = 0.30). Questionnaire results suggest that 80% of our participants use NM breathing, 15% use MM breathing and 5% use NN breathing during resistance training. CONCLUSION It seems, that various breathing regimens have none or only minor effect on muscular endurance performance and selected physiological parameters. NN seems to be as efficient as other two regimens, which are mostly used in practice (NM, MM).
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Affiliation(s)
- František Lörinczi
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Marián Vanderka
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Li Z, Li J, Fu R, Liu J, Wen X, Zhang L. Halitosis: etiology, prevention, and the role of microbiota. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:6383-6393. [PMID: 37843633 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05292-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to review halitosis research, discuss its various causes, and propose effective interventions based on the underlying etiologies and mechanisms. The main research question is to identify the primary factors contributing to halitosis and appropriate strategies to address them. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive literature review was conducted on halitosis and its associated causes, including oral pathological factors, oral microbial influences, microbial metabolic pathways, gastrointestinal diseases, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. RESULTS Unhealthy eating habits and an imbalance of microorganisms in the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract were identified as primary causes of halitosis. Dental caries, periodontal disease, xerostomia, and digestive disorders like gastritis and irritable bowel syndrome were also found to be related to the development of halitosis. Due to poor oral hygiene or antibiotic use, disruption of microbial communities can result in dysbiosis, inflammation, and halitosis. CONCLUSIONS Halitosis is a multifactorial condition with various underlying causes, including oral and systemic diseases. Effective interventions should be tailored based on the specific etiologies and mechanisms involved. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Understanding the factors contributing to halitosis is crucial for developing appropriate treatment strategies. Enhancing oral hygiene habits, using antimicrobial drugs, or administering probiotics may help regulate oral or intestinal flora, thereby improving halitosis and overall oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengrui Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Center of Head and Neck Oncology Clinical and Translational Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Li
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rao Fu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Center of Head and Neck Oncology Clinical and Translational Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji'an Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Center of Head and Neck Oncology Clinical and Translational Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Xutao Wen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Center of Head and Neck Oncology Clinical and Translational Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Center of Head and Neck Oncology Clinical and Translational Science, Shanghai, China.
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9
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Briceag R, Caraiane A, Raftu G, Bratu ML, Buzatu R, Dehelean L, Bondrescu M, Bratosin F, Bumbu BA. Validation of the Romanian Version of the Halitosis Associated Life-Quality Test (HALT) in a Cross-Sectional Study among Young Adults. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2660. [PMID: 37830697 PMCID: PMC10572815 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11192660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Halitosis is a common condition with a significant impact on individuals' quality of life. The Halitosis Associated Life-Quality Test (HALT) is a reliable instrument for measuring this impact. This study aimed to introduce and validate the Romanian translation of the HALT questionnaire (R-HALT). We hypothesized that the R-HALT would demonstrate good reliability and validity in measuring the impact of halitosis on quality of life among Romanian teenagers and young adults. Our objectives were to translate and adapt the HALT, validate it among a cross-sectional group, and evaluate the extent of halitosis in this population. A multicentric cross-sectional design followed, which was approved by the Ethics Research Committee in Romania. The translation process involved independent translations, retro-translations, expert review, and pre-testing. The psychometric properties were evaluated among 150 patients (mean age 23.6 ± 1.8; 51% males) at dental clinics, including reliability, convergent, and discriminant validity, using accepted statistical measures such as Cronbach's alpha and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). The R-HALT revealed strong internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha values ranging from 0.93 to 0.96, and an ICC value of 0.87 (95% CI = 0.70-0.99), demonstrating excellent test-retest reliability. Mean scores of individual items ranged from 0.82 ± 0.94 (Q3) to 3.23 ± 1.15 (Q11). The corrected item-total correlation ranged from 0.30 (Q2) to 0.90 (Q19). Organoleptic test scores diagnosed 41% (62 patients) with a score of 2, with increasing severity in 9% (13 patients) with a score of 5. The R-HALT exhibited robust reliability and validity in assessing the impact of halitosis among Romanian teenagers and young adults. The questionnaire is a strong tool for understanding, diagnosing, and managing halitosis in Romania, ultimately aiming to improve the quality of life of affected individuals. Further studies with diverse populations could enhance the applicability of the R-HALT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Briceag
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, 7 Ilarie Voronca Street, 900684 Constanta, Romania; (R.B.); (G.R.)
| | - Aureliana Caraiane
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, 900684 Constanta, Romania;
| | - Gheorghe Raftu
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, 7 Ilarie Voronca Street, 900684 Constanta, Romania; (R.B.); (G.R.)
| | - Melania Lavinia Bratu
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of General Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Roxana Buzatu
- Department of Dental Aesthetics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Revolutiei Boulevard 9, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Liana Dehelean
- Department of Neurosciences and Psychiatry, Faculty of General Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (L.D.); (M.B.)
| | - Mariana Bondrescu
- Department of Neurosciences and Psychiatry, Faculty of General Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (L.D.); (M.B.)
| | - Felix Bratosin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of General Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Bogdan Andrei Bumbu
- Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania;
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10
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Szalai E, Tajti P, Szabó B, Kói T, Hegyi P, Czumbel LM, Varga G, Kerémi B. ORGANOLEPTIC AND HALITOMETRIC ASSESSMENTS DO NOT CORRELATE WELL IN INTRA-ORAL HALITOSIS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2023; 23:101862. [PMID: 37689445 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2023.101862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gold standard method for diagnosing oral halitosis is the subjective organoleptic measurement. Device-supported methods are also widespread worldwide. The challenges and safety concerns around performing organoleptic measurements during pandemics and the diversity of measuring device alternatives raised our clinical question: which halitometer is the most suitable for diagnosing halitosis? METHODS This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (ID CRD42022320024). The search was performed on March 23, 2022 in the following electronic databases: MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and CENTRAL. Adult populations with or without halitosis were included, and patients with systemic diseases were excluded. Organoleptic (subjective) measurement and the device-supported (objective) methods were compared; the primary outcome was the correlation coefficient, and the secondary was the specificity and sensitivity of the devices. QUADAS-2 and QUADAS-C were used to evaluate the risk of bias in the studies. Random-effects meta analyses were performed on the outcomes, and the secondary outcomes were plotted on a common ROC plot. RESULTS A total of 1231 records were found in the 5 databases. After the selection process, 76 articles were eligible for the systematic review, and 14,635 patients were involved in the qualitative analysis. The pooled Spearman's correlation coefficient (c.c.) for sulfide monitors was 0.65; 95% CIs: [0.53-0.74]; I2 = 95%, P < .01. The pooled Spearman's c.c. for portable gas chromatographs was 0.69; 95% CIs: [0.63-0.74]; I2 = 12%, P < .01. The pooled Spearman's c.c. for gas chromatographs was 0.76; 95% CIs: [0.67-0.83]; I2 = 0%, P < .01. DISCUSSION None of the most commonly used halitometers proved to be significantly superior to the others. Halimeter and OralChroma measurements did not correlate well with the organoleptic level of oral halitosis in adults. Therefore, better halitometers need to be developed as an alternative to organoleptic measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Szalai
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Tajti
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Prosthodontics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bence Szabó
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Kói
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Stochastics, Institute of Mathematics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Hegyi
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Márk Czumbel
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Periodontology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Varga
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta Kerémi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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11
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Lee YH, Hong JY. Oral microbiome as a co-mediator of halitosis and periodontitis: a narrative review. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2023; 4:1229145. [PMID: 37719278 PMCID: PMC10500072 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2023.1229145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Halitosis or oral malodor is an unpleasant odor from the oral cavity. However, although patients with periodontitis often complain of halitosis, their relationship has not been fully elucidated. We reviewed previous literature based on the hypothesis that the relationship between halitosis and periodontitis is mediated by the oral microbiome. Materials and methods This narrative review sought to provide insight into the causative role of the oral microbiome in influencing halitosis and periodontitis. In addition, we tried to deepen knowledge related to the relationship between halitosis and periodontitis generated by the oral microbiome accumulated over the past 40 years. Results From 1984 to 2023, a total of 106 papers that carefully and scientifically dealt with halitosis and periodontitis were included in this narrative review. Based on previous results, halitosis and periodontitis were closely related. For decades, researchers have taken an intriguing approach to the question of whether there is a relationship between halitosis and periodontitis. Central factors in the relationship between halitosis and periodontitis include volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), the oral microbiota that produce VSCs, and the inflammatory response. Conclusions Taken together, the more severe periodontitis, the higher the level of VSC in halitosis, which may be mediated by oral microbiome. However, the relationship between the occurrence, maintenance, and exacerbation of periodontitis and halitosis is not a necessary and sufficient condition for each other because they are complex interplay even in one individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Hee Lee
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Youn Hong
- Department of Periodontology, Periodontal-Implant Clinical Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Xie X, Yu W, Chen Z, Wang L, Yang J, Liu S, Li L, Li Y, Huang Y. Early-stage oral cancer diagnosis by artificial intelligence-based SERS using Ag NWs@ZIF core-shell nanochains. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:13466-13472. [PMID: 37548371 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr02662k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has great potential in the early diagnosis of diseases by detecting the changes of volatile biomarkers in exhaled breath, because of its high sensitivity, rich chemical molecular fingerprint information, and immunity to humidity. Here, an accurate diagnosis of oral cancer (OC) is demonstrated using artificial intelligence (AI)-based SERS of exhaled breath in plasmonic-metal organic framework (MOF) nanoparticles. These plasmonic-MOF nanoparticles were prepared using a zeolitic imidazolate framework coated on Ag nanowires (Ag NWs@ZIF), which offers Raman enhancement from the plasmonic nanowires and gas enrichment from the ZIF shells. Then, the core-shell nanochains of Ag NWs@ZIF prepared with 0.5 mL Ag NWs were selected to capture gaseous methanethiol, which is a tumor biomarker, from the exhalation of OC patients. The substrate was used to collect a total of 400 SERS spectra of exhaled breath of simulated healthy people and simulated OC patients. The artificial neural network (ANN) model in the AI algorithm was trained with these SERS spectra and could classify them with an accuracy of 99%. Notably, the model predicted OC with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.996 for the simulated OC breath samples. This work suggests the great potential of the combination of breath analysis and AI as a method for the early-stage diagnosis of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Smart Materials, College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Wenrou Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Smart Materials, College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Zhaoxian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Smart Materials, College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Li Wang
- School of Optoelectronics Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Junjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Smart Materials, College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Shihong Liu
- Department of Geriatric Oncology and Department of Palliative Care, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Linze Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Smart Materials, College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Yanxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Smart Materials, College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Yingzhou Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Smart Materials, College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
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13
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Lee YH, Shin SI, Hong JY. Investigation of volatile sulfur compound level and halitosis in patients with gingivitis and periodontitis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13175. [PMID: 37580412 PMCID: PMC10425441 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40391-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to measure the levels of volatile sulfur compounds and investigate the occurrence of halitosis in patients with gingivitis and periodontitis. Additionally, the incidence rates of gingivitis and periodontitis in patients with halitosis were investigated. Through various statistical analyses, we attempted to determine the relationship between periodontal disease and halitosis. One-hundred-and-four participants (52 females and 52 males, mean age: 46.49 ± 16.03 years) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study, comprising 33 healthy controls, 43 patients with gingivitis, and 28 patients with periodontitis. Gas chromatography was used to measure hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and methyl mercaptan (CH3SH), which are representative VSCs. The VSC cut-off values for diagnosing halitosis were 65.79 ppb for women and 79.94 ppb for men. Total VSC level was significantly higher in the gingivitis than the healthy control group (186.72 ± 374.83 ppb vs. 19.80 ± 40.19 ppb, p = 0.035). There was no significant difference between the gingivitis and periodontitis (153.79 ± 278.51 ppb) groups. H2S level was significantly higher in the gingivitis (100.51 ± 183.69 ppb) and periodontitis (91.57 ± 132.06 ppb) groups than in healthy controls (14.97 ± 31.22 ppb), and CH3SH level was significantly higher in gingivitis group (29.31 ± 59.16 ppb) than in the healthy control (5.73 ± 14.10 ppb) (all p < 0.05). Halitosis was found in 3% of healthy controls and 39.5% and 42.9% of patients with gingivitis and periodontitis patients, respectively, making it significantly higher in the gingivitis and periodontitis groups than the healthy controls (p = 0.005). Conversely, among participants with halitosis, 53.1% had gingivitis, 37.5% had periodontitis, and 90.6 incidence had periodontal disease. Multivariate logistic regression analysis to predict the presence of halitosis, found periodontal disease was a significant predictor of halitosis (OR = 3.607, 95% CI 1.023-12.718, p = 0.046). Considering area under curve value for halitosis, the cut-off value of healthy control (H2S:61.5 ppb, CH3SH:3.5 ppb), gingivitis (H2S:50.0 ppb, CH3SH:6 ppb), and periodontitis (H2S:62.0 ppb, CH3SH:3.5 ppb) were (all p < 0.05). Our results emphasize the close and strong relationship between periodontal disease and halitosis through human clinical evidence based on the high co-occurrence rate of mutual diseases. Additionally, the presence of periodontal disease increased the probability of halitosis by 3.607 times. These results suggest that H2S can be used as a biomarker of halitosis in patients with periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Hee Lee
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee University Dental Hospital, #613 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Korea.
| | - Seung-Il Shin
- Department of Periodontology, Periodontal-Implant Clinical Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Ji-Youn Hong
- Department of Periodontology, Periodontal-Implant Clinical Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Korea
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14
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Khounganian RM, Alasmari ON, Aldosari MM, Alghanemi NM. Causes and Management of Halitosis: A Narrative Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e43742. [PMID: 37727189 PMCID: PMC10506127 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Halitosis is defined as the presence of an unpleasant odor in exhaled air, regardless of its cause. In most patients with halitosis, the condition causes embarrassment and interferes with social interactions and daily life. Furthermore, bad breath can be a sign of an underlying disease. Understanding the factors and causes that lead to halitosis and its manifestations could facilitate proper management of this condition. To properly diagnose and treat patients, healthcare professionals, including primary care physicians and dental professionals, must be familiar with the etiology and appropriate management of the disease. Consequently, this review aims to provide practitioners with up-to-date information on the etiological factors of halitosis to facilitate the establishment of preventive measures and provide accurate diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Osama N Alasmari
- Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAU
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15
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Szalai E, Tajti P, Szabó B, Hegyi P, Czumbel LM, Shojazadeh S, Varga G, Németh O, Keremi B. Daily use of chlorine dioxide effectively treats halitosis: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280377. [PMID: 36634129 PMCID: PMC9836286 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to conduct a systematic review on published data in order to investigate the efficacy of mouthwash products containing chlorine dioxide in halitosis. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS Our search was conducted on 14th October 2021. We searched the following electronic databases: MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and CENTRAL. We analysed data on adults with halitosis, included only randomised controlled trials and excluded in vitro and animal studies. The interventional groups used chlorine dioxide, and the comparator groups used a placebo or other mouthwash. Our primary outcomes were changes in organoleptic test scores (OLS) and Volatile Sulfur Compound (VSC) levels from baseline to the last available follow-up. RESULTS We found 325 articles in databases. After the selection process, ten articles were eligible for qualitative synthesis, and 7 RCTs with 234 patients were involved in the meta-analysis. Our findings showed a significant improvement in the parameters of the chlorine dioxide group compared to the placebo group in OLS one-day data (mean difference (MD): -0.82; 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs): [-1.04 --0.6]; heterogeneity: I2 = 0%, p = 0.67); and one-week OLS data (MD: -0.24; 95% CIs: [-0.41 --0.07]; I2 = 0%, p = 0.52); and also changes in H2S one-day data (standardised mean difference (SMD): -1.81; 95% CIs: [-2.52 --1.10]); I2 = 73.4%, p = 0.02). CONCLUSION Our data indicate that chlorine dioxide mouthwash may be a good supportive therapy in oral halitosis without known side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Szalai
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Tajti
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Prosthodontics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bence Szabó
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Hegyi
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Szentágothai Research Centre, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Márk Czumbel
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Periodontology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Gábor Varga
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Németh
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Community Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beata Keremi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
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16
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Rodrigues NCP, Abrão Neto A, Nadanovsky P. Accuracy of two methods to detect the presence of halitosis: the volatile sulfur compounds concentration in the mouth air and the information from a close person. J Appl Oral Sci 2023; 31:e20220412. [PMID: 37132667 PMCID: PMC10159043 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2022-0412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the accuracy of two methods for detecting halitosis, the organoleptic assessment by a trained professional (OA) with volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) measurement via Halimeter® (Interscan Corporation) and information obtained from a close person (ICP). Participants were patients and companions who visited a university hospital over one year period to perform digestive endoscopy. A total of 138 participants were included in the VSC test, whose 115 were also included in the ICP test. ROC curves were constructed to establish the best VSC cut-off points. The prevalence of halitosis was 12% (95%CI: 7% to 18%) and 9% (95%CI 3% to 14%) for the OA and ICP, respectively. At the cut-off point >80 parts per billion (ppb) VSC, the prevalence of halitosis was 18% (95%CI: 12% to 25%). At the cut-off point >65 ppb VSC, sensitivity and specificity were 94% and 76%, respectively. At the cut-off point >140 ppb, sensitivity was 47% and specificity 96%. For the ICP, sensitivity was 14% and specificity 92%. VSC presents high sensitivity at the cut-off point of >65 ppb and high specificity at the cut-off point of >140 ppb. ICP had high specificity, but low sensitivity. The OA can express either occasional or chronic bad breath, whereas the ICP can be a potential instrument to detect chronic halitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nádia Cristina Pinheiro Rodrigues
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Medicina Social Hesio Cordeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Alexandre Abrão Neto
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Paulo Nadanovsky
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Medicina Social Hesio Cordeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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17
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Karpishchenko SA, Lavrenova GV, Malay OP, Korolevskaya VA. [Halitosis. Multidisciplinary approach]. Vestn Otorinolaringol 2023; 88:19-24. [PMID: 37767587 DOI: 10.17116/otorino20228804119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Halitosis is a common complaint among patients. Up to 50% of people worldwide claim to have persistent or intermittent bad breath. Often, bad breath not only disrupts the social life of patients, but is also a symptom of systemic diseases. An important step in the treatment of halitosis is the localization of the source and possible cause of the unpleasant smell. Most often, the problem of halitosis is solved by dentists, because intraoral halitosis accounts for up to 90% of all cases, but doctors of many specialties should deal with the differential diagnosis of its causes. This article considers the main causes of halitosis in patients with diseases of various organ systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Karpishchenko
- Pavlov First State Medical University of St. Petersburg, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - G V Lavrenova
- Pavlov First State Medical University of St. Petersburg, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - O P Malay
- Pavlov First State Medical University of St. Petersburg, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - V A Korolevskaya
- Pavlov First State Medical University of St. Petersburg, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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18
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Alzoman H, Alssum L, Helmi M, Alsaleh L. Relationship between Hormonal Changes and Self-Perceived Halitosis in Females: A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 11:healthcare11010043. [PMID: 36611503 PMCID: PMC9818922 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Halitosis is a growing concern for patients seeking dental treatment. Women experience hormonal changes throughout different phases of their life. These changes may affect volatile organic compound (VOC) production and can be linked to halitosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hormonal changes on self-perceived halitosis in a sample of females using a self-administered questionnaire. This study used a cross-sectional observational design. The questionnaire was distributed electronically through Google forms. A total of 1089 participants completed the questionnaire. Almost 50% of participants were below the age of 25; and 12% were of menopausal age (defined as 45 years and older). Most participants reported having regular menstrual cycles (63.5%) while only 20% reported having hormonal disturbances. Almost 62% of the sample reported that they notice halitosis on themselves with 27.6% indicating their perception of halitosis occurred at different times of the month. Around 12% of the sample thought that a relationship between halitosis and their menstrual cycle existed with 4.6% reporting halitosis during menstruation. The present study found that regularity of menstrual cycle and hormonal disturbances can affect females' self-perceived halitosis and the prevalence of oral health symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamad Alzoman
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lamees Alssum
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-506975695
| | - Mohammad Helmi
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lama Alsaleh
- College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Huang N, Li J, Qiao X, Wu Y, Liu Y, Wu C, Li L. Efficacy of probiotics in the management of halitosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e060753. [PMID: 36600415 PMCID: PMC9809225 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-060753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Halitosis is defined as a foul odour emitted from the oral cavity. Many interventions have been used to control halitosis from mouthwashes to chewing gums. Probiotics have been reported as an alternative method to alleviate halitosis. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to investigate the effect of probiotics on halitosis from a time perspective. DESIGN AND METHODS This is a meta-analysis study performed in indexed databases up to February 2021. Randomised controlled trials that compared the effects of probiotics and placebo on primary outcomes (organoleptic (OLP) scores and volatile sulfur compound (VSC) levels) and secondary outcomes (tongue coating scores (TCS) and plaque index (PI)) were included. Data extraction and quality assessment were conducted independently by two reviewers. Publication bias and leave-one-out analyses were performed. RESULTS The standardised mean difference (SMD) and 95% CI were calculated to synthesise data. The data were subgrouped and analysed in the short term (≤4 weeks) and long term (>4 weeks) based on the follow-up time. Seven articles were included in this meta-analysis. The primary outcomes, OLP scores (SMD=-0.58; 95% CI -0.87 to -0.30, p<0.0001) and VSC levels (SMD=-0.26; 95% CI -0.51 to -0.01, p=0.04), both decreased significantly in the probiotics group compared with the placebo group in the short term. However, a significant reduction was observed only in OLP scores (SMD=-0.45; 95% CI -0.85 to -0.04, p=0.03) in the long term. No significant differences were observed in secondary outcomes. There was no evidence of publication bias. The leave-one-out analysis confirmed that the pooled estimate was stable. CONCLUSIONS According to the results of this work, it seems that probiotics (eg, Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus reuteri, Streptococcus salivarius and Weissella cibaria) may relieve halitosis in the short term (≤4 weeks). The results of the biased assessment, limited data and heterogeneity of the clinical trials included might reduce the reliability of the conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nengwen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinjin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianghe Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongzhi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunkun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenzhou Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Longjiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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20
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The tongue biofilm metatranscriptome identifies metabolic pathways associated with the presence or absence of halitosis. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2022; 8:100. [PMID: 36535943 PMCID: PMC9763428 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-022-00364-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Intra-oral halitosis usually results from the production of volatile sulfur compounds, such as methyl mercaptan and hydrogen sulfide, by the tongue microbiota. There are currently no reports on the microbial gene-expression profiles of the tongue microbiota in halitosis. In this study, we performed RNAseq of tongue coating samples from individuals with and without halitosis. The activity of Streptococcus (including S. parasanguinis), Veillonella (including V. dispar) and Rothia (including R. mucilaginosa) was associated with halitosis-free individuals while Prevotella (including P. shahi), Fusobacterium (including F. nucleatum) and Leptotrichia were associated with halitosis. Interestingly, the metatranscriptome of patients that only had halitosis levels of methyl mercaptan was similar to that of halitosis-free individuals. Finally, gene expression profiles showed a significant over-expression of genes involved in L-cysteine and L-homocysteine synthesis, as well as nitrate reduction genes, in halitosis-free individuals and an over-expression of genes responsible for cysteine degradation into hydrogen sulfide in halitosis patients.
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21
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Li C, Wu Y, Xie Y, Zhang Y, Jiang S, Wang J, Luo X, Chen Q. Oral manifestations serve as potential signs of ulcerative colitis: A review. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1013900. [PMID: 36248861 PMCID: PMC9559187 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1013900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As an immune dysregulation-related disease, although ulcerative colitis (UC) primarily affects the intestinal tract, extraintestinal manifestations of the disease are evident, particularly in the oral cavity. Herein, we have reviewed the various oral presentations, potential pathogenesis, and treatment of oral lesions related to UC. The oral manifestations of UC include specific and nonspecific manifestations, with the former including pyostomatitis vegetans and the latter encompassing recurrent aphthous ulcers, atrophic glossitis, burning mouth syndrome, angular cheilitis, dry mouth, taste change, halitosis, and periodontitis. Although the aetiology of UC has not been fully determined, the factors leading to its development include immune system dysregulation, dysbiosis, and malnutrition. The principle of treating oral lesions in UC is to relieve pain, accelerate the healing of lesions, and prevent secondary infection, and the primary procedure is to control intestinal diseases. Systemic corticosteroids are the preferred treatment options, besides, topical and systemic administration combined with dietary guidance can also be applied. Oral manifestations of UC might accompany or precede the diagnosis of UC, albeit with the absence of intestinal symptoms; therefore, oral lesions, especially pyostomatitis vegetans, recurrent aphthous ulcer and periodontitis, could be used as good mucocutaneous signs to judge the occurrence and severity of UC, thus facilitating the early diagnosis and treatment of UC and avoiding severe consequences, such as colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiaobo Luo
- *Correspondence: Qianming Chen, ; Xiaobo Luo,
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22
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Yu WW, Goh R, Cheong E, Guan G, Jin C, Cannon RD, Farella M, Mei L. Prevalence of halitosis among young adults in Dunedin, New Zealand. Int J Dent Hyg 2022; 20:700-707. [PMID: 35924391 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the prevalence of halitosis in young adults. METHODS Young adults (n = 372; mean age = 21.0 ± 2.6 years old, range = 18-30 years) in Dunedin, New Zealand were recruited into the cross sectional study after providing informed consent. The prevalence of halitosis was determined using both objective measurements (parts per billion [ppb] volatile sulphur compounds [VSCs] in the exhaled air) and subjective measurements (self-reported halitosis questionnaire, tongue coating index, and organoleptic assessment). RESULTS VSC measurements indicated that the prevalence of halitosis (values ≥ 140 ppb) was 31.2%; 25.6% of participants self-reported halitosis. The organoleptic assessment revealed that 14.3% of the participants had a score of ≥2. A positive correlation was found between the VSC measurements and organoleptic assessment (p < 0.05). No significant relationship was found between self-reported halitosis and either organoleptic assessment or VSC measurements. Self-reported dry mouth, smoking, oral hygiene index, DMFT index, and tongue coating score were significantly associated with the organoleptic assessment (p < 0.05). The self-reported dry mouth, mouth breathing and tongue coating score were significantly associated with the VSC scores (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Halitosis, as represented by VSC, was found in 31.2% of the participants. VSC scores and organoleptic assessment were positively correlated. There was no significant relationship between self-reported halitosis and either organoleptic assessment or VSC measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Wan Yu
- Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rayner Goh
- Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Esther Cheong
- Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Guangzhao Guan
- Department of Oral Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Carrol Jin
- Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Richard D Cannon
- Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Mauro Farella
- Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Li Mei
- Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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23
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Kwon IJ, Jung TY, Son Y, Kim B, Kim SM, Lee JH. Detection of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) in exhaled breath as a potential diagnostic method for oral squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:268. [PMID: 35778718 PMCID: PMC9250215 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02301-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral squamous cell carcinoma causes a significant proportion of global cancer morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the exhaled breath test can be a new, non-invasive, and effective method for diagnosing oral squamous cell carcinoma. Methods A comparative analysis of exhaled breath between patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and healthy controls (HC) was performed with the Twin Breasor II™, a simple gas chromatography system. Results Both hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and methyl mercaptan (Ch3SH) were significantly higher in the OSCC group than in the HC group. The total sulfur concentration was also higher in the OSCC group, but there was no significant difference in the ratio of Ch3SH to H2S between the two groups. Using logistic regression, we constructed a new variable with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.740, 68.0% sensitivity, and 72.0% specificity. Conclusions Exhaled gas analysis via simple gas chromatography can potentially serve as an accessory non-invasive method for OSCC diagnosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-022-02301-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ik-Jae Kwon
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehakro, Jongnogu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Tae-Young Jung
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Bokji-ro 75, Busanjin-gu, Busan, 47392, Korea
| | - Youjeong Son
- Dental Life Science Research Institute/Innovation Research & Support Center for Dental Science, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Bongju Kim
- Dental Life Science Research Institute/Innovation Research & Support Center for Dental Science, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Soung-Min Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehakro, Jongnogu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Jong-Ho Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehakro, Jongnogu, Seoul, 03080, Korea. .,Dental Life Science Research Institute/Innovation Research & Support Center for Dental Science, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
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24
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Mori K, Sakano H. Neural Circuitry for Stress Information of Environmental and Internal Odor Worlds. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:943647. [PMID: 35783233 PMCID: PMC9245520 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.943647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, odor information detected in the olfactory epithelium is converted to a topographic map of activated glomeruli in the olfactory bulb. Odor signals are then conveyed by projection neurons to the olfactory cortex for decision making. Odor information is processed by two distinct pathways, one is innate and the other is learned, which are separately activated during exhalation and inhalation, respectively. There are two types of odor signals, exteroceptive and interoceptive, which are also processed in different phases of respiration. Exteroceptive sensory information whether attractive/pleasant or aversive/stressful, is evaluated by the valence regions in the amygdala. Stress is an alert signal telling the body to take an action so that the normal condition can be recovered. When the odor quality is negative, the brain sets up a behavioral strategy to avoid the danger or to improve the situation. In this review article, we will describe the recent progress in the study of olfactory perception focusing on stress responses to external and internal odors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensaku Mori
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
- *Correspondence: Kensaku Mori,
| | - Hitoshi Sakano
- Department of Brain Function, School of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
- Hitoshi Sakano,
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25
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BERKMAN M, ALTUNTAŞ E, TUNCER S, KARABAY F, DEMİRCİ M, TEKÇE N. ANTİ-HALİTOSİS GARGARALARININ REZİN BAZLI RESTORATİF DENTAL MATERYALLERİN YÜZEY ÖZELLİKLERİ ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ. CUMHURIYET DENTAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.7126/cumudj.985788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Amaç: Bu in-vitro çalışmanın amacı anti-halitosis etkili beş farklı ağız gargarasının iki farklı restoratif materyalin renk stabilitesi ve yüzey pürüzlülüğü üzerine olan etkisinin araştırılmasıdır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmada nano-hibrit (Filtek Z550, 3M ESPE) ve giomer (Beautifill II, Shofu Dental) yapıda olan iki çeşit reçine bazlı restoratif materyal kullanılmıştır. Her iki materyalden test edilmek üzere toplam 120 adet kompozit disk üretici talimatları doğrultusunda 10x2mm ebatlarında silindir kalıplar kullanılarak hazırlanmıştır. Rastgele seçilen örnekler, 5 farklı ağız gargarası (Listerine Fresh Burst, Listerine Total Care, Colgate Plax, Oderol, Halitosil) ve 1 kontrol grubunda (distile su) bekletilmek üzere toplam 6 farklı gruba ayrılmıştır. Başlangıç renk koordinatları CIELAB renk sistemine göre spektrofotometre (Easyshade Compact) ile yüzey pürüzlülük değerleri (Ra) ise kontakt profilometre (Surtronic 25) ile ölçülmüştür. Tüm örnekler 37°C'de ağız gargaralarında 12boyunca bekletilmiş ardından renk ve pürüzlülük ölçüm prosedürleri aynı şekilde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler SPSS 24.0 programı ile Kruskal-Wallis H ve Bonferroni Post Hoc testleri kullanılarak 0.05 anlamlılık düzeyinde analiz edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Bu çalışmanın sonuçları, yüzey pürüzlülük değerlerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir artış olmadığını göstermiştir. Ağız gargaralarında bekletilen Beautifil II materyallerinin tamamında CIELAB değerlerinde önemli bir değişiklik olmuştur (P
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ezgi ALTUNTAŞ
- MARMARA UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF DENTISTRY, DENTISTRY PR. (ENGLISH)
| | - Safa TUNCER
- ISTANBUL UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF DENTISTRY, DENTISTRY PR
| | - Ferda KARABAY
- ISTANBUL UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF DENTISTRY, DENTISTRY PR
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26
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Kudo Y, Kudo SE, Miyachi H, Ichimasa K, Ogawa Y, Kouyama Y, Sakurai T, Ikeda M, Saito Y, Kamada T, Gotoda T. Changes in halitosis value before and after Helicobacter pylori eradication: A single-institutional prospective study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 37:928-932. [PMID: 35324036 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Although patients report either improved or worsened halitosis after Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy, such complaints are subjective. Only a few studies have objectively evaluated reports of changes in halitosis after H. pylori eradication; thus, this study aimed to investigate these changes after a successful H. pylori eradication. METHODS Between February 2015 and October 2018, 56 347 patients visited the clinic. Informed consent for participation in this study was obtained from 164 patients scheduled to undergo upper gastrointestinal endoscopy due to halitosis. Of the 91 patients with H. pylori infection, the halitosis values were evaluated as Refres breath (RB) values using a Total Gas Detector™ System and compared before and after successful H. pylori eradication, as confirmed with urea breath testing. RESULTS Among the 91 patients treated, 77 patients were successfully eradicated of H. pylori and had their Refres values measured (21 men and 56 women; mean age, 64.2 ± 11.5 years, including 10 smokers); among these 77 patients, 27 showed RB values of > 60. Their RB values significantly improved from 73.5 Â (95% confidence interval [CI], 64.1-82.9) to 59.4 Â (95% CI, 50.0-68.8) (P = 0.038). Of the 30 patients who could be followed up for > 2 years after successful H. pylori eradication, 8 with an RB value ≥ 60 showed significant RB value improvements from 77.9 Â (95% CI, 59.4-96.4) to 30.1 Â (95% CI, 11.6-48.6) (P = 0.0016). CONCLUSIONS Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy could improve halitosis, and such improvement could be maintained even 2 years after successful eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yui Kudo
- Digestive Disease Center, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Kudo Clinic, Akita, Japan
| | - Shin-Ei Kudo
- Digestive Disease Center, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Miyachi
- Digestive Disease Center, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Katsuro Ichimasa
- Digestive Disease Center, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yushi Ogawa
- Digestive Disease Center, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuta Kouyama
- Digestive Disease Center, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sakurai
- Digestive Disease Center, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mikiko Ikeda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kudo Clinic, Akita, Japan
| | - Yumi Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kudo Clinic, Akita, Japan
| | - Tamaki Kamada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kudo Clinic, Akita, Japan
| | - Takuji Gotoda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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27
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Sugiyama N, Uehara O, Morikawa T, Paudel D, Ebata K, Hiraki D, Harada F, Yoshida K, Kato S, Nagasawa T, Miura H, Abiko Y, Furuichi Y. Gut flora alterations due to lipopolysaccharide derived from Porphyromonas gingivalis. Odontology 2022; 110:673-681. [PMID: 35333990 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-022-00703-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Gut dysbiosis induces 'leaky gut,' a condition associated with diabetes, NASH, and various auto-immune diseases. Porphyromonas gingivalis is a periodontopathic bacterium which causes periodontal tissue breakdown, and often enters the systemic blood flow. Oral administration of P. gingivalis induced gut dysbiosis in mice model, but no systemic administration of P. gingivalis has been reported thus far. In the present study, we investigated the effect of P. gingivalis-derived lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS) on the intestinal flora of our established mouse model. Eight-week-old C57BL/6J mice were intraperitoneally administered Pg-LPS. Three months later, DNA was extracted from stool, and RNA from the small and large intestines. After euthanizing the mice, pathological sections of the intestinal tract were prepared and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 expression levels were evaluated using quantitative PCR. 16S rRNA gene PCR amplicon analysis data were acquired using NGS. Microbial diversity and composition were analyzed using Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology 2. Furthermore, alterations in microbial function were performed by PICRUSt2. No significant inflammatory changes were observed in the H&E. No significant differences in the mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were observed between the groups. Pg-LPS administration decreased the abundance of Allobacterium in the gut. A predictive metagenomic analysis by PICRUSt2 and STAMP showed that 47 pathways increased and 17 pathways decreased after Pg-LPS administration. Systemic application of periodontal pathogens may cause changes in the intestinal flora which may affect the physiological functions of the intestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nodoka Sugiyama
- Division of Periodontology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Osamu Uehara
- Division of Disease Control and Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Morikawa
- Division of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Durga Paudel
- Division of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Kazuma Ebata
- Division of Periodontology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Daichi Hiraki
- Division of Reconstructive Surgery for Oral and Maxillofacial Region, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Fumiya Harada
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Koki Yoshida
- Division of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Satsuki Kato
- Division of Periodontology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Nagasawa
- Division of Advanced Clinical Education, Department of Integrated Dental Education, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Hiroko Miura
- Division of Disease Control and Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Abiko
- Division of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan.
| | - Yasushi Furuichi
- Division of Periodontology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
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Bastos IHDA, Alves ES, Sousa CDD, Martins GB, Campos EDJ, Daltro C. Bariatric Surgery and Oral Health: A Cohort Study. Bariatr Surg Pract Patient Care 2022. [DOI: 10.1089/bari.2021.0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Isis Henriques de Almeida Bastos
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine and Health, Department of Internal Medicine and Diagnostic Support, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gabriela Botelho Martins
- Laboratory of Oral Biochemistry, Department of Bio-Function, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Elisângela de Jesus Campos
- Laboratory of Oral Biochemistry, Department of Bio-Function, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Carla Daltro
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine and Health, Department of Internal Medicine and Diagnostic Support, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
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Memon MA, Memon HA, Faizan-E-Muhammad, Fahad S, Siddiqui A, Lee KY, Tahir MJ, Yousaf Z. The aetiology and associations of halitosis: a systematic review. Oral Dis 2022; 29:1432-1438. [PMID: 35212093 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Halitosis is a term that refers to an unpleasant or foul odour originating from the oral cavity that can be caused by either intra-oral or extra-oral factors. Despite the fact that halitosis has multifactorial aetiology, intra-oral factors play a significant role in the majority of cases. AIM This systematic review assesses halitosis's intra-oral and extra-oral associations. METHODS An electronic search through MEDLINE (PubMed), Google Scholar, and the Wiley Online Library was conducted to identify relevant manuscripts. A keywords-based search was performed, using the terms "halitosis," "bad-breath," and "oral malodour causes and aetiology." Articles published from January 2014 to December 2020 were included. We selected studies evaluating the intra-oral and extra-oral factors that induce oral malodour, as well as the factors associated with systemic diseases. RESULTS Eighty to ninety percent of halitosis is caused by intra-oral factors, with coated tongue, periodontal diseases, and poor oral hygiene practices being the principal factors. Ten to twenty percent of halitosis is induced by extra-oral factors associated with systemic diseases. CONCLUSIONS Multiple factors can cause halitosis, but most of the aetiology is intra-oral. Increased medical awareness is needed to determine the actual pathophysiological process of oral malodour in otherwise healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hifza Anwer Memon
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Ul Ebad Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dr. Ishrat, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Amna Siddiqui
- Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ka Yiu Lee
- Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sweden
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Influence of tobacco smoking on the development of halitosis. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:316-322. [PMID: 35284240 PMCID: PMC8908054 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Savlevich EL, Doroshchenko NE, Zharkikh MA, Markus PV, Gerasimov AN. [Correction of halitosis in chronic inflammatory diseases of the oropharynx in adults]. Vestn Otorinolaringol 2021; 86:41-46. [PMID: 34964328 DOI: 10.17116/otorino20218606141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 25% of the world population suffer from halitosis, making it a significant medico-social issue. It is one of the clinical signs of chronic inflammatory diseases of the oropharynx and is commonly caused by the persistence some bacteria in the oral cavity and in the oropharynx. These in turn facilitate formation of volatile sulphur compounds. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the probiotic strain Streptococcus salivarius K12 in the Bactoblis product in exacerbation of chronic inflammatory diseases of the oropharynx. MATERIAL AND METHODS 45 patients diagnosed with a diagnosis of exacerbation of chronic pharyngitis were studied, gastroesophageal reflux disease was found in 33 patients. After a microbiological testing, all patients were prescribed probiotic strain Streptococcus salivarius K12 in the amount of 1×109 colony-forming units (CFU) in the form of tablets for resorption as monotherapy for 14 days. The assessment of the therapy was based on physical examination data and on the subjective estimation of the clinical symptoms using a 10-point visual analog scale (VAS) before the start of the treatment and on the 5th and on the 7th day of the therapy. RESULTS According to the microbiological analysis was revealed the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus viridans which was seen within 103-105 CFU. A significant clinical progress was achieved for all three analyzed signs of diseases (the severity of pain when swallowing, a feeling of perspiration (foreign body) in the pharynx, halitosis), within the statistical significance between the 1st and the 7th day and the 7th and the 14th day of the surveillance. The pain severity was decreased from 5.69±0.39 points to 2.69±0.34 points on the 7th day and to 0.08±0.05 point on the 14th day from the start of the therapy, itchy throat (foreign body sensation) was relived from 6.88±0.23 points to 3.54±0.29 points on the 7th day and to 0.69±0.12 point on the 14th day of the therapy. In addition, there was a decline in the severity of halitosis from 6.16±0.31 points to 2.47±0.44 points on the 7th day and to 0.68±0.29 point on the 14th day of the therapy. CONCLUSION Topical application of a drug containing a probiotic Streptococcus salivarius K12, in case of chronic inflammatory diseases of the oropharynx of various etiologies, showed satisfactory effectiveness in the regression of the main symptoms of the exacerbation of the inflammatory process, expressed through pain in the throat when swallowing, halitosis and the foreign body sensation in the oropharynx.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Savlevich
- Central State Medical Academy of Department for Presidential Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - N E Doroshchenko
- United Hospital and Polyclinic of Department for Presidential Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - M A Zharkikh
- Ninth Diagnostic and Treatment Centre of Ministry of Defence of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - P V Markus
- Polyclinic No. 3 of Department for Presidential Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - A N Gerasimov
- First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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Zanetti F, Zivkovic Semren T, Battey JND, Guy PA, Ivanov NV, van der Plas A, Hoeng J. A Literature Review and Framework Proposal for Halitosis Assessment in Cigarette Smokers and Alternative Nicotine-Delivery Products Users. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2021; 2:777442. [PMID: 35048075 PMCID: PMC8757736 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2021.777442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Halitosis is a health condition which counts cigarette smoking (CS) among its major risk factors. Cigarette smoke can cause an imbalance in the oral bacterial community, leading to several oral diseases and conditions, including intraoral halitosis. Although the best approach to decrease smoking-related health risks is quitting smoking, this is not feasible for many smokers. Switching to potentially reduced-risk products, like electronic vapor products (EVP) or heated tobacco products (HTP), may help improve the conditions associated with CS. To date, there have been few systematic studies on the effects of CS on halitosis and none have assessed the effects of EVP and HTP use. Self-assessment studies have shown large limitations owing to the lack of reliability in the participants' judgment. This has compelled the scientific community to develop a strategy for meaningful assessment of these new products in comparison with cigarettes. Here, we compiled a review of the existing literature on CS and halitosis and propose a 3-layer approach that combines the use of the most advanced breath analysis techniques and multi-omics analysis to define the interactions between oral bacterial species and their role in halitosis both in vitro and in vivo. Such an approach will allow us to compare the effects of different nicotine-delivery products on oral bacteria and quantify their impact on halitosis. Defining the impact of alternative nicotine-delivery products on intraoral halitosis and its associated bacteria will help the scientific community advance a step further toward understanding the safety of these products and their potentiall risks for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Zanetti
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Almadhi NA, Sulimany AM, Alzoman HA, Bawazir OA. Knowledge and perception of parents regarding halitosis in their children in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Dent J 2021; 33:574-580. [PMID: 34803303 PMCID: PMC8589593 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate parents’ knowledge about halitosis, and to compare parents’ perception of halitosis in their children to the presence of halitosis clinically. Methods Children between 3 and 8 years attended to Dental University Hospital, King Saud University, were screened. Children satisfying inclusion criteria and their parents agreed to participate were included. Questionnaires regarding parents’ knowledge and perception about halitosis in their children were filled by attending parents. Then, the assessment of halitosis in the participating children carried out by portable gas chromatograph device (OralChromaTM). Results A total of 67 children (44 girls and 23 boys) were included in this study with a mean age of 5.3 years (SD = 1.7). The majority of the questionnaires (n = 44, 65.7%) were filled by accompanying fathers. One in two (52.2%) parents obtained high knowledge score about halitosis. Parents’ knowledge was significantly associated with the mean age of the children (P = 0.02). Thirty-nine (58.2%) parents perceived halitosis in their children. Gender, child’s age, parents’ education level, or family income were not associated with parents’ perception of halitosis. Halitosis was detected clinically in 58 children (86.6%). Thirty-eight (57%) of parents’ perception of halitosis was in consistency with OralChromaTM readings; however, there was no significant association between parents’ perception and the OralChromaTM score. Conclusion Half of the parents had good knowledge about halitosis and 6 in 10 parents perceived halitosis in their children which is quite less than the presence of halitosis detected clinically. Moreover, parents’ perception was not associated with the OralChromaTM score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura A Almadhi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman M Sulimany
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad A Alzoman
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar A Bawazir
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
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Botelho Dinis M, Agnello M, He X, Shi W, Chaichanasakul Tran N. Pilot study on selective antimicrobial effect of a halitosis mouthrinse: monospecies and saliva-derived microbiome in an in vitro model system. J Oral Microbiol 2021; 13:1996755. [PMID: 34745444 PMCID: PMC8567964 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2021.1996755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Halitosis refers to malodor emanating from the oral cavity. Several mouthrinses with halitosis-reduction exist on the market, but their effect on the oral microbiome is largely unknown. In this study, we used an efficient in vitro model system to investigate a test mouthrinse's impact on the oral microbiome. Methods Single halitosis-associated species and other common oral microorganism cultures were exposed to the test mouthrinse over time, and their viability was determined by culture-based selective plating. Next, the saliva-derived microbiome from healthy and halitosis-associated individuals was cultured in the presence of the test mouthrinse over time using the previously developed in vitro model system. The microbiome composition was assessed with 16S rRNA gene sequencing and downstream bioinformatics analyses. Results The test mouthrinse displayed antimicrobial activity against known anaerobic bacterial species producing halitosis-related compounds such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, F. periodonticum, and Prevotella intermedia but not against other common oral microorganisms. In the multispecies, saliva-derived cultures, mouthrinse exposure decreased the relative abundance of the Fusobacterium and Prevotella genera while not affecting overall diversity. Conclusions The test mouthrinse had promising anti-halitosis characteristics at the microbiome level, as demonstrated by the reduction in the relative abundance of halitosis-associated taxa while maintaining microbial diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xuesong He
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Dos Santos DDL, Besegato JF, Vieira SM, Rached Dantas AA, Silva AM, da Silva AM. Effect of fixed orthodontic appliances on self-assessment and diagnosis of halitosis in undergraduate dental students. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2021; 25:432-437. [PMID: 34667388 PMCID: PMC8452163 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_327_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The effects of fixed orthodontic therapy on the occurrence of halitosis are not yet fully understood. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of fixed orthodontic appliances on self-assessment and diagnosis of halitosis in undergraduate dental students. Materials and Methods: Sixty-two undergraduate dental students were included in this cross-sectional study. Two groups (n = 31 per group) were composed of participants with (study group) or without (control group) fixed orthodontic appliance. Halitosis self-assessment and clinical diagnosis were assessed using a visual analogic scale (VAS) and sulfur volatile compounds (SVCs) assessment, respectively. The subjective (VAS) and objective (SVC) malodor assessments were classified in absence, light, moderate, or severe malodor. Chi-square Pearson test and Spearman's correlation were applied for data analysis, with a significance level of 5%. Results: The use of fixed orthodontic appliances had no effect on self-assessment (P = 0.490) or clinical diagnosis (P = 0.610) of halitosis. Self-assessment was not significantly associated with the diagnosis of halitosis regardless the use of fixed orthodontic appliance (P ≥ 0.737). Male participants showed higher diagnosis of halitosis (P = 0.007). SVC measurements showed the absence of halitosis in 51.6% and 58.1% of participants with or without orthodontic appliances, respectively. Conclusion: The use of fixed orthodontic appliances affected the self-assessment of halitosis but no SVC measurements. It was not verified a correlation between subjective and objective methods to diagnose halitosis in dental students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - João Felipe Besegato
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Sâmmea Martins Vieira
- Department of Dentistry, Faculdade Integral Diferencial - FACID/ Wyden, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Andrea Abi Rached Dantas
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Aryvelto Miranda Silva
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Izumi M, Akifusa S. Tongue cleaning in the elderly and its role in the respiratory and swallowing functions: Benefits and medical perspectives. J Oral Rehabil 2021; 48:1395-1403. [PMID: 34612518 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oral dysfunction, including oral uncleanness and decline in tongue motor function, tongue pressure and swallowing function, precedes frailty. The tongue's dorsum is a reservoir of oral microbiota, desquamated epithelial mucosa and leukocytes due to the multi-papillate anatomy, and leads to tongue coating. The tongue coating is frequently found in older adults because of hyposalivation, immunity's hypoactivity, diminished motor function and compromised tongue's pressure with age. Anaerobe-driven volatile sulphur compounds in tongue coating are a major cause of intra-oral malodor. Dysbiosis of the tongue-coating microbiome rather than the amount of microorganisms is associated with a risk of aspiration pneumonia. Daily tongue cleaning with a brush or scraper is an easy way to control tongue coating deposits and quality. Using mouth wash or rinse-containing germicides is also a way to control the microbiota of tongue coating. The tongue function is closely related to swallowing. Tongue and suprahyoid muscles are linked with respiratory muscles through the endothoracic fascia. The mechanical stimulation during the cleaning of the tongue may stimulate the respiratory muscles. An intervention trial revealed that tongue cleaning by mucosal brush improves tongue pressure, swallowing and respiratory function in old residents of nursing homes, suggesting a rehabilitative effect of tongue cleaning on the swallowing and respiratory functions, preventing aspiration pneumonia. This narrative review assesses the tongue-cleaning benefits for respiratory and swallowing functions and the possibility of preventing aspiration pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Izumi
- School of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Sumio Akifusa
- School of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
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Santos JB, Pereira LC, Neves JG, Pithon MM, Santamaria M. Can text messages encourage flossing among orthodontic patients? Angle Orthod 2021; 91:650-655. [PMID: 33946101 DOI: 10.2319/012121-61.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the extent to which text messages on WhatsApp play a role in patient awareness of the importance of proper oral hygiene and flossing on a daily basis and to test the null hypothesis that daily text messages do not influence the flossing habits of orthodontics patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-four patients wearing fixed orthodontic appliances with a mean age of 14.3 years participated in the study. Patients (male and female) were randomly assigned to two groups (n = 22): group 1, text messages sent via WhatsApp daily during the study period, and group 2 (control), no text messages received. Plaque index, gingival bleeding index, and halitosis were assessed at baseline and after 30 days. The results were analyzed and subjected to normality test, McNemar test, Fisher exact test, Mann-Whitney test, and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS There was a significant influence on flossing habits (P < .05) and a significant reduction in plaque and gingival bleeding indices in group 1 (P < .05). Group 1 had a significant reduction in halitosis (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Daily text messages seem to influence patient awareness of the importance of proper oral hygiene and flossing. The null hypothesis was rejected because those patients who received text messages every day changed their flossing habits.
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Sudhakaran S, Tom JJ, Shyam A, Mohan S, Ali S, Raj M. Effect of Chlorhexidine and Probiotics on Halitosis. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2021; 13:S807-S811. [PMID: 34447205 PMCID: PMC8375843 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_768_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of chemical method of oral hygiene practice, chlorhexidine (CHX) disinfection, and the followed consumption of probiotics on oral malodor in children. The effects of chemical and mechanical oral hygiene practice methods on the intensity of oral malodor were also evaluated. Materials and Methods: Organoleptic test (OLT) scores of 2 or more of 196 children were randomly allocated to four groups: 1: Conventional oral hygiene practices (COH) including flossing and tooth brushing, 2: COH + tongue scraping (TS), 3: COH + TS + CHX, and 4: COH + TS + CHX + probiotics. OLT was performed at 1-week and 3-month follow-ups. Results: A stable and significant number of individuals showed crucial and average levels of improvement in Group 4 OLT scores. The improvement of Group 3 OLT scores was also remarkable but not steady over the follow-ups. Neither remarkable nor steady improvements in the OLT scores was detected in Groups 1 and 2 through follow-ups. Conclusion: Oral disinfection followed by probiotic therapy with CHX may decrease the severity of oral malodor over a long period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunith Sudhakaran
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Kannur Dental College, Kannur, Kerala, India
| | - Jibin Jose Tom
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Kannur Dental College, Kannur, Kerala, India
| | - Arun Shyam
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Coorg Institute of Dental Sciences, Virajpet, Karnataka, India
| | - Sreerag Mohan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Coorg Institute of Dental Sciences, Virajpet, Karnataka, India
| | - Shabeer Ali
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Kannur Dental College, Kannur, Kerala, India
| | - Mahesh Raj
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Kannur Dental College, Kannur, Kerala, India
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Abdulkareem AA, Imran NK, Abdulraheam RH, Gul SS. Prevalence and factors influencing reporting of true periodontal chief complaints: A retrospective analysis. Clin Exp Dent Res 2021; 7:443-449. [PMID: 33354853 PMCID: PMC8404502 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the prevalence of true periodontal chief complaints (CC) and the factors affecting their reporting by patients with periodontal diseases (PD). MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was based on retrospective analysis of available periodontal records. Different personal and demographic variables were obtained from these records including CC, age, gender, working status, past medical/dental history, smoking status and diagnosis. In addition, clinical parameters of plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth (PPD), and number of missing teeth. Periodontal CC were retrieved and divided either into true periodontal (bleeding, tooth mobility, and alteration in gingival color/shape) or others (emergency and esthetic-related) CC. RESULTS A total of 1161 records were included in the final analysis. Results showed that only 287 (24.7%) of patients reported true periodontal CC whereas the remaining 874 (75.3%) patients were not aware about symptoms of PD. Regression modeling indicated that reporting of true CC was positively associated with smoking and PPD but negatively associated with number of missing teeth and gender (male). CONCLUSIONS Results suggested that recognition of true periodontal CC by the patients was low. Reporting of true periodontal CC was significantly associated with smoking, PPD, female and lower number of missing teeth. These results shed light on the importance of increasing public knowledge about PD which is essential to aid people in recognizing these diseases at early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A. Abdulkareem
- Department of Periodontics, College of DentistryUniversity of BaghdadBaghdadIraq
| | - Nada K. Imran
- Department of Periodontics, College of DentistryUniversity of BaghdadBaghdadIraq
| | | | - Sarhang S. Gul
- Periodontics Department, College of DentistryUniversity of SulaimaniSulaymaniyahIraq
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Faria SFS, Costa FO, Godinho Pereira A, Miranda Cota LO. Self-perceived and self-reported breath odour and the wearing of face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic. Oral Dis 2021; 28 Suppl 2:2406-2416. [PMID: 34245645 PMCID: PMC8447418 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objectives To assess the self‐perception of breath odour (SPBO) and oral hygiene habits (OHHs) while the wearing of face masks during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Subjects and Methods This cross‐sectional study included 4647 individuals who answered a structured questionnaire containing demographic, medical and dental variables and self‐perceived breath odour. Variables associated with changes in self‐perceived breath odour, self‐perceived halitosis and changes in OHHs were assessed through multivariate logistic regression. Results Changes in self‐perceived breath odour were reported by 1572 individuals and were associated with smoking, systemic conditions, dry mouth, tongue coating, the period of face mask use and its interaction with prior thinking of having bad breath. Likewise, 645 individuals started to consider having bad breath. This was associated with the interaction between prior family/friends saying they have bad breath and period of face mask use. Changes in OHHs were strongly associated with changes in SPBO and starting to consider having bad breath. Conclusion Changes in one's SPBO was associated with the wearing of face masks and was significant for changes in OHHs. Findings may be important to guide comprehensive preventive and therapeutic strategies in relation to oral health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Felipe Santos Faria
- Department of Dental Clinics, Oral Pathology, and Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernando Oliveira Costa
- Department of Dental Clinics, Oral Pathology, and Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Godinho Pereira
- Department of Dental Clinics, Oral Pathology, and Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luís Otávio Miranda Cota
- Department of Dental Clinics, Oral Pathology, and Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais, Brazil
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da Mota ACC, Gonçalves MLL, Horliana ACRT, Deana AM, de Souza Cavalcante LA, Gomes AO, Mayer MPA, Suguimoto ESA, Fernandes KPS, Mesquita-Ferrari RA, Prates RA, Motta LJ, Bussadori SK. Effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with red led and methylene blue on the reduction of halitosis: controlled microbiological clinical trial. Lasers Med Sci 2021; 37:877-886. [PMID: 33987732 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-021-03325-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
To determine the effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) using a red light-emitting diode (LED) on the reduction of halitosis and microbiological levels in the tongue coating immediately after irradiation, 7, 14, and 30 days after treatment. Forty-five young adults diagnosed with halitosis were allocated to three groups: G1, aPDT with 0.005% methylene blue and red LED (660 nm, four irradiation points, 90 s per point, power of 400 mW, 36 J per point, radiant exposure of 95 J/cm2, continuous wave); G2, tongue scraping; and G3, tongue scraping and aPDT. Gas chromatography was performed before and immediately after treatment, as well as at the different follow-up times. Microbiological samples were collected at the same times from the dorsum of the tongue, and bacteria were quantified in the samples using real-time PCRq. The Wilcoxon test was used for the intragroup analyses, and the Kruskal-Wallis test was used for the intergroup analyses. In the intragroup analyses, differences were found before and immediately after treatment in all groups (p < 0.05). The effect was maintained after 7 days only in the tongue scraping group (p < 0.05). In the intergroup analysis, no statistically significant differences were found among the groups (p > 0.05). For the microbiological analyses, no statistically significant differences were found in the groups/bacteria that were analyzed (p > 0.05). aPDT using a red LED and 0.005% methylene blue caused an immediate reduction in halitosis, but the effect was not maintained after 7, 14, or 30 days. No reduction occurred in the number of bacteria investigated or the quantification of universal 16S rRNA. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03656419.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Costa da Mota
- Postgraduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, Vergueiro Street, 235/249, Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, ZIP 01504-001, Brazil
| | - Marcela Leticia Leal Gonçalves
- Postgraduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, Vergueiro Street, 235/249, Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, ZIP 01504-001, Brazil.,Dentistry College, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Conselheiro Nébias Avenue, Encruzilhada, Santos, SP, ZIP 11045-002, Brazil.,Postgraduation Program in Health and Environment, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos,, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Anna Carolina Ratto Tempestini Horliana
- Postgraduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, Vergueiro Street, 235/249, Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, ZIP 01504-001, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Melo Deana
- Postgraduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, Vergueiro Street, 235/249, Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, ZIP 01504-001, Brazil
| | - Lisyanne Araújo de Souza Cavalcante
- Postgraduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, Vergueiro Street, 235/249, Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, ZIP 01504-001, Brazil
| | - Andréa Oliver Gomes
- Postgraduation Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, Vergueiro Street, 235/249, Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, ZIP 01504-001, Brazil
| | | | | | - Kristianne Porta Santos Fernandes
- Postgraduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, Vergueiro Street, 235/249, Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, ZIP 01504-001, Brazil
| | - Raquel Agnelli Mesquita-Ferrari
- Postgraduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, Vergueiro Street, 235/249, Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, ZIP 01504-001, Brazil
| | - Renato Araújo Prates
- Postgraduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, Vergueiro Street, 235/249, Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, ZIP 01504-001, Brazil
| | - Lara Jansiski Motta
- Postgraduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, Vergueiro Street, 235/249, Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, ZIP 01504-001, Brazil
| | - Sandra Kalil Bussadori
- Postgraduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, Vergueiro Street, 235/249, Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, ZIP 01504-001, Brazil. .,Dentistry College, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Conselheiro Nébias Avenue, Encruzilhada, Santos, SP, ZIP 11045-002, Brazil. .,Postgraduation Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, Vergueiro Street, 235/249, Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, ZIP 01504-001, Brazil.
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Zsiska M, Schneiderman E, Jin Y, Farrell S, Grender J. Investigation of oral malodor prevention by dentifrices as measured by VSC reduction. J Breath Res 2021; 15. [PMID: 33765667 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/abf209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The oral malodor reduction efficacy of dentifrices containing stannous fluoride (SnF2) or zinc plus arginine (Zn/Arg) was evaluated using a halimeter to measure volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) in two randomized, controlled, single-blind, cross-over pilot clinical trials. Study 1 (N= 16) had five 1100 ppm F dentifrices and five treatment periods: negative control (NC): 0.243% sodium fluoride (NaF); SnF2A: 0.454% SnF2+ pyrophosphate; SnF2B: 0.454% SnF2+ sodium hexametaphosphate; SnF2C: 0.454% SnF2+ citrate; and SnF2D: experimental 0.454% SnF2with increased bioavailable Sn. Study 2 (N= 16) had four 1450 ppm F dentifrices and four treatment periods: NC: 0.1% NaF + 0.76% sodium monofluorophosphate; Zn/Arg: NaF + zinc + arginine; SnF2E: 0.454% SnF2+ 0.078% NaF + sodium hexametaphosphate; SnF2F: 0.454% SnF2+ 0.078% NaF + citrate. Each period took 96 h; baseline (day 0) morning to day 4 morning. Subjects brushed 2x/day with the treatment dentifrice. VSC levels were measured in the morning, prior to morning brushing, on days 0 and 4. Changes in VSC scores from day 0 to day 4 were assessed using a mixed-model analysis of covariance for cross-over studies. In study 1, SnF2dentifrices B, C and D showed statistically significant reductions (31.3%, 24.8%, 34%, respectively) in VSC scores versus baseline (p< 0.001); the benefits of these treatments versus NC and SnF2dentifrice A were statistically significant (p⩽ 0.001). In study 2, SnF2dentifrices E and F showed statistically significant reductions (31.2%, 22.1%, respectively) in VSC scores versus baseline (p⩽ 0.010); the benefits of these treatments versus NC and the Zn/Arg dentifrice were statistically significant (p⩽ 0.035). The Zn/Arg dentifrice showed a significant increase of 35.2% (p< 0.001) in VSC scores versus baseline. These studies demonstrated that SnF2dentifrices can provide significant oral malodor reductions, but the benefit is formulation dependent. The presence of SnF2is not sufficient to ensure efficacy. The Zn/Arg dentifrice increased VSC levels, indicating greater malodor.Clinical Trial Numbers: 20190429 and 20191028.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Zsiska
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Mason, OH, United States of America
| | - Eva Schneiderman
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Mason, OH, United States of America
| | - Yingkun Jin
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Mason, OH, United States of America
| | - Svetlana Farrell
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Mason, OH, United States of America
| | - Julie Grender
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Mason, OH, United States of America
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Zhang S, Liu C, Zhang C, Jiang H, Tai B, Du M. Impact of COVID-19 on the oral health of adults in Wuhan and China: results of a nationwide online cross-sectional questionnaire survey. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:162. [PMID: 33771143 PMCID: PMC7994179 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01533-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 has seriously threatened the health and lives of people. This study aimed to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on the oral health of adults in Wuhan and other places of China amid the epidemic and to evaluate attitudes towards dental care in the post-epidemic period. Methods An online cross-sectional survey based on a questionnaire of 22 questions was conducted. Results A total of 3352 valid questionnaires were collected. Participants from Wuhan tended to be relatively psychologically affected and more concerned about future dental treatment. Toothbrushing frequency did not differ significantly between participants from Wuhan and other places and was associated with the prevalence of oral problems people encountered. Gingival bleeding, bad breath and oral ulcers were the three most common oral problems amid the epidemic, and significantly more participants in Wuhan experienced oral problems than other places in China. Conclusion The three most common oral problems amid the epidemic were gingival bleeding, bad breath and oral ulcers. Adults in Wuhan tended to be more seriously affected and suffered more oral problems than people from other places in China. Maintaining good oral health behaviours plays an important role in preventing dental problems. It is crucial to establish and to follow the standard guidelines for the provision of dental care during and after the epidemic. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-021-01533-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Chang Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Chenzheng Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Han Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Baojun Tai
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
| | - Minquan Du
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
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Rowińska I, Szyperska-Ślaska A, Zariczny P, Pasławski R, Kramkowski K, Kowalczyk P. The Influence of Diet on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Induced by Bacterial Biofilms in the Human Oral Cavity. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:1444. [PMID: 33809616 PMCID: PMC8001659 DOI: 10.3390/ma14061444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The article is a concise compendium of knowledge on the etiology of pathogenic microorganisms of all complexes causing oral diseases. The influence of particular components of the diet and the role of oxidative stress in periodontal diseases were described. The study investigated the bacteriostatic effect of the diet of adults in in vivo and in vitro tests on the formation of bacterial biofilms living in the subgingival plaque, causing diseases called periodontitis. If left untreated, periodontitis can damage the gums and alveolar bones. Anaerobic bacteria, called periopathogens or periodontopathogens, play a key role in the etiopathogenesis of periodontitis. The most important periopathogens of the oral microbiota are bacteria of all complexes, including the red complex. The obtained results suggest the possibility of using a specific diet in the prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases-already treated as a disease of civilization. The quoted article is an innovative compilation of knowledge on this subject and it can be a valuable source of knowledge for professional hygienists, dentists, peridontologists, dentistry students and anyone who cares about proper oral hygiene. The obtained results suggest the possibility of using this type of diet in the prophylaxis of the oral cavity in order to avoid periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Rowińska
- The Medical and Social Center for Vocational and Continuing Education in Toruń, St. Jana 1/3, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (I.R.); (A.S.-Ś.)
| | - Adrianna Szyperska-Ślaska
- The Medical and Social Center for Vocational and Continuing Education in Toruń, St. Jana 1/3, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (I.R.); (A.S.-Ś.)
| | - Piotr Zariczny
- Toruń City Hall, Business Support Center in Toruń, ul. Marii Konopnickiej 13, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
| | - Robert Pasławski
- Veterinary Insitute, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, str. Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
| | - Karol Kramkowski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilińskiego 1str, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Paweł Kowalczyk
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
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Teixeira Essenfelder L, Gomes AA, Coimbra JLM, Moreira MA, Ferraz SM, Miquelluti DJ, Felippe da Silva G, Magalhães MDLB. Salivary β-glucosidase as a direct factor influencing the occurrence of halitosis. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 26:100965. [PMID: 33732903 PMCID: PMC7941027 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.100965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Glucosidases are enzymes present in all living organisms, playing a pivotal role in diverse biological processes. These enzymes cleave β-glycosidic bonds between carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety, which may result in the liberation of volatile aglycones. Released compounds execute diverse physiological roles, while the industry takes advantage of exogenously added β-glucosidases for aroma enrichment during food and beverage production. β-Glucosidase enzymatic activity has been reported in human saliva and given the fact that these enzymes are involved in aroma release, we investigated here the correlation between β-glucosidase activity in human saliva and the occurrence of halitosis. Measurement of salivary enzyme activity of 48 volunteers was performed using p-nitrophenyl-β-d-glucopyranoside as substrate. Each volunteer was clinically evaluated by a dental surgeon and clinical and laboratorial data were statistically analyzed. Gas-chromatography of saliva headspace allowed the analysis of the direct role of exogenous β-glucosidase on aromatic /volatile profile of saliva samples. The data demonstrated a positive correlation between halitosis and enzymatic activity, suggesting that the enzyme exerts a direct role in the occurrence of bad breath. Gas-chromatography analysis demonstrated that exogenously added enzyme led to the alteration of volatile organic content, confirming a direct contribution of β-glucosidase activity on saliva volatile compounds release. Although halitosis is a multifactorial condition, the complete understanding of all governing factors may allow the development of more effective treatment strategies. Such studies may pave the way to the use of β-glucosidase inhibitors for halitosis clinical management. β-Glucosidases are capable of altering the aromatic profile of saliva. Increased salivary β-glucosidase is associated with halitosis. Increased salivary β-glucosidase is associated with dental biofilm. Salivary β-glucosidases are produced by oral microrganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucimari Teixeira Essenfelder
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Center of Agroveterinary Sciences, State University of Santa Catarina, Lages, Santa Catarina, 88520-000, Brazil
| | - Anderson Albino Gomes
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Center of Agroveterinary Sciences, State University of Santa Catarina, Lages, Santa Catarina, 88520-000, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Luis Meirelles Coimbra
- Department of Soil and Natural Resources, Center of Agroveterinary Sciences, State University of Santa Catarina, Lages, Santa Catarina, 88520-000, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Alves Moreira
- Department of Soil and Natural Resources, Center of Agroveterinary Sciences, State University of Santa Catarina, Lages, Santa Catarina, 88520-000, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Ferraz
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Center of Agroveterinary Sciences, State University of Santa Catarina, Lages, Santa Catarina, 88520-000, Brazil
| | - David José Miquelluti
- Department of Soil and Natural Resources, Center of Agroveterinary Sciences, State University of Santa Catarina, Lages, Santa Catarina, 88520-000, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Felippe da Silva
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Center of Agroveterinary Sciences, State University of Santa Catarina, Lages, Santa Catarina, 88520-000, Brazil
| | - Maria de Lourdes Borba Magalhães
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Center of Agroveterinary Sciences, State University of Santa Catarina, Lages, Santa Catarina, 88520-000, Brazil
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Foo LH, Balan P, Pang LM, Laine ML, Seneviratne CJ. Role of the oral microbiome, metabolic pathways, and novel diagnostic tools in intra-oral halitosis: a comprehensive update. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 47:359-375. [PMID: 33653206 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.1888867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Halitosis or oral malodor is one of the most common reasons for the patients' visit to the dental clinic, ranking behind only dental caries and periodontitis. In the present times, where social and professional communications are becoming unavoidable, halitosis has become a concern of growing importance. Oral malodor mostly develops due to the putrefaction of substrates by the indigenous bacterial populations. Although culture-based studies have provided adequate information on halitosis, the high throughput omics technologies have amplified the resolution at which oral microbial community can be examined and has led to the detection of a broader range of taxa associated with intra-oral halitosis (IOH). These microorganisms are regulated by the interactions of their ecological processes. Thus to develop effective treatment strategies, it is important to understand the microbial basis of halitosis. In the current review, we provide an update on IOH in context to the role of the oral microbiome, metabolic pathways involved, and novel diagnostic tools, including breathomics. Understanding oral microbiota associated with halitosis from a broader ecological perspective can provide novel insights into one's oral and systemic health. Such information can pave the way for the emergence of diagnostic tools that can revolutionize the early detection of halitosis and various associated medical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lean Heong Foo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontic Unit, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Oral Health ACP, Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Preethi Balan
- Oral Health ACP, Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Oral Microbiomics Initiative (SOMI), National Dental Research Institute Singapore (NDRIS), National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li Mei Pang
- Singapore Oral Microbiomics Initiative (SOMI), National Dental Research Institute Singapore (NDRIS), National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marja L Laine
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chaminda Jayampath Seneviratne
- Oral Health ACP, Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Oral Microbiomics Initiative (SOMI), National Dental Research Institute Singapore (NDRIS), National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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47
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Zhang Y, Zhu C, Cao G, Zhan J, Feng X, Chen X. Dynamic Alterations of Oral Microbiota Related to Halitosis in Preschool Children. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:599467. [PMID: 33718263 PMCID: PMC7952759 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.599467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This longitudinal study was aimed to evaluate the dynamic shift in oral microbiota during the process of halitosis progression among preschool children. Methods The oral examinations, questionnaires and tongue coating specimens were collected at the baseline and 12-month follow-up. All children were oral healthy at the enrollment. At the 12-month follow-up, children who developed halitosis were included to the halitosis group (n = 10). While children who matched the age, gender, kindergarten and without halitosis were included to the control group (n = 10). 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to reveal the shift of the tongue coating microbiome in these children during the 12- month period with the Human Oral Microbiome Database. Results A remarkable shift in relative abundance of specific bacteria was observed prior to halitosis development. The principal coordinates and alpha diversity analyses revealed different shifting patterns of halitosis and the healthy participants’ microbiome structures and bacterial diversity over the 12-month follow-up. Both groups showed variable microbiota community structures before the onset of halitosis. Halitosis-enriched species Prevotella melaninogenica, Actinomyces sp._HMT_180 and Saccharibacteria TM7_G-1_bacterium_HMT_352 were finally selected as biomarkers in the halitosis-onset prediction model after screening, with a prediction accuracy of 91.7%. Conclusions The microbiome composition and relative abundance of the tongue coatings in the halitosis and control groups remarkably differed, even prior to the onset of the clinical manifestations of halitosis. The halitosis prediction model constructed on the basis of tongue coating microbiome biomarkers indicated the microbial shifts before the halitosis onset. Therefore, this can be considered for the timely detection and intervention of halitosis in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ce Zhu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Guizhi Cao
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyu Zhan
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiping Feng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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Lau P, Ibrahim S, Hussain A, Hu S, Jin S, Huang M, Khng M, Darby I. "Say Ahhh": Experience and Views on Halitosis Management in the General Public in Victoria, Australia. Int Dent J 2021; 71:316-320. [PMID: 33612263 PMCID: PMC9275185 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2020.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Halitosis is common and can have a significant impact on quality of life. It is attributed to both intraoral and extraoral causes. Although halitosis treatment depends on the aetiology, little is known about consumers’ perception of halitosis causes and the types of assistance sought. The Say Ahhh Study aimed to explore the interprofessional care for halitosis and improve understanding by the general public. Phase 1 explored the perceptions of health care providers. This article reports the findings of Phase 2, which explored the general public's knowledge of halitosis, its management, and help-seeking behaviour. Methods Patients and clients at 2 medical clinics, 3 dental clinics, and 2 pharmacies in Melbourne and rural Victoria were approached and invited to participate in a short semistructured interview. Qualitative data was thematically analysed. Results A total of 122 participants (54 males, 66 females, 2 missing) were interviewed. Participants’ past experience with halitosis influences their understanding of the cause. Halitosis was attributed mostly to poor oral hygiene and diet and less commonly to systemic disease. Their perception of the condition's severity influenced whether they seek professional help. Their perceived roles of health professionals and ease of access influenced their choice of health professionals to seek help from. Conclusion The Victorian general public is aware of the causes of halitosis and the available treatment options. Choice of treatment and help-seeking behaviour are influenced by experience, perceived severity of the condition, and perceived role of health professionals and their accessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phyllis Lau
- Department of General Practice, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; VicREN Victorian Primary Care Research and Education Network, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Stephanie Ibrahim
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amreen Hussain
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah Hu
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sung Jin
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Huang
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Khng
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ivan Darby
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; eviDent Foundation, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Halitosis in Children Undergoing Full Mouth Rehabilitation under General Anesthesia. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8020149. [PMID: 33671154 PMCID: PMC7922509 DOI: 10.3390/children8020149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Interventions and management modalities of pediatric halitosis have been suggested in the literature, however, the effect of full mouth rehabilitation (FMR) under general anesthesia (GA) on pediatric halitosis was not reported. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate parents' perceptions of their child's halitosis before and after FMR under GA; and to evaluate the effect of FMR on clinical halitosis. Fifty-seven children between 3-8 years old, scheduled for FMR under GA, were included after satisfying the inclusion criteria and upon parental consent. Parents' perception of halitosis in their children was evaluated using a standardized questionnaire and a breath sample was collected to assess the level of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) using OralChromaTM before and after FMR under GA. Sixty percent (n = 34) of the parents perceived halitosis in their children before FMR and about 80% (n = 27) of them reported improvement in halitosis after FMR. Clinical halitosis was detected in 84.2% (n = 48) of the sample before treatment. A statistically significant reduction in halitosis was found in 56.3% (n = 27) of the children after treatment (p < 0.001). In conclusion, majority of parents perceived an absence or reduction of halitosis in their children following FMR and significant improvement of clinical halitosis.
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Santaella NG, Simpione G, Maciel AP, Lauris JR, da Silva Santos PS. Volatile sulphur compounds in people with chronic kidney disease and the impact on quality of life. Odontology 2021; 109:561-567. [PMID: 33389334 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-020-00576-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The objectives are to identify volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs) in individuals with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and to relate quality of life and oral health. A case-control study with 32 individuals with CKD in haemodialysis in the study group (SG) and 32 healthy individuals in the control group (CG) was performed. The VSCs were identified by gas chromatograph before (BC) and after cysteine (AC) mouthwash and an organoleptic test. For oral health assessment, oral health index was used. For quality of life, the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) and Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survery (SF-36) were used. The hydrogen sulphide AC, methyl mercaptan AC, tongue coating, dry mouth, plaque index, and DMFT were significantly higher in the SG. VSCs did not negatively affected the impact of oral health on the quality of life in the SG but did in the CG. As for the impact of general health on quality of life, methyl mercaptan BC and AC worsened overall health in vitality and mental health, respectively. Individuals with CKD have more halitosis than healthy individuals, and it is more related to methyl mercaptan. The halitosis worsened the general quality of life of individuals with CKD. The diagnosis and identification of the origin of halitosis is important to prevent one more factor that it worsened the global quality of life of patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Garcia Santaella
- Department of Surgery, Stomatology, Pathology and Radiology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (FOB-USP), Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisola, 9-75, Vila Universitária, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme Simpione
- Department of Surgery, Stomatology, Pathology and Radiology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (FOB-USP), Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisola, 9-75, Vila Universitária, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Aloizio Premoli Maciel
- Department of Surgery, Stomatology, Pathology and Radiology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (FOB-USP), Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisola, 9-75, Vila Universitária, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Lauris
- Department of Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisola, 9-75, Vila Universitária, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sérgio da Silva Santos
- Department of Surgery, Stomatology, Pathology and Radiology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (FOB-USP), Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisola, 9-75, Vila Universitária, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil
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